Summary of your 'study carrel' ============================== This is a summary of your Distant Reader 'study carrel'. The Distant Reader harvested & cached your content into a collection/corpus. It then applied sets of natural language processing and text mining against the collection. The results of this process was reduced to a database file -- a 'study carrel'. The study carrel can then be queried, thus bringing light specific characteristics for your collection. These characteristics can help you summarize the collection as well as enumerate things you might want to investigate more closely. This report is a terse narrative report, and when processing is complete you will be linked to a more complete narrative report. Eric Lease Morgan Number of items in the collection; 'How big is my corpus?' ---------------------------------------------------------- 64 Average length of all items measured in words; "More or less, how big is each item?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 993 Average readability score of all items (0 = difficult; 100 = easy) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 45 Top 50 statistically significant keywords; "What is my collection about?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 59 community 8 patient 8 Health 6 health 5 Fig 5 Community 4 pneumonia 4 network 3 social 3 population 3 disaster 3 covid-19 3 cap 3 New 3 COVID-19 2 urban 2 tourism 2 service 2 risk 2 resilience 2 pharmacy 2 pharmacist 2 node 2 need 2 microbial 2 disease 2 development 2 child 2 care 2 York 2 Vancouver 2 ICU 2 HIV 2 China 1 year 1 worker 1 woman 1 user 1 transit 1 threat 1 therapy 1 theory 1 system 1 surveillance 1 study 1 soil 1 snap 1 site 1 session 1 scale Top 50 lemmatized nouns; "What is discussed?" --------------------------------------------- 5647 community 3473 health 1299 patient 1161 study 1129 % 1050 care 978 network 945 development 928 disease 904 risk 900 system 888 service 830 level 809 group 791 country 781 pneumonia 769 population 747 datum 742 people 716 time 701 result 668 tourism 654 area 624 policy 604 factor 600 process 599 information 591 practice 582 research 576 case 573 analysis 571 approach 564 year 557 need 553 treatment 551 number 550 activity 535 method 531 use 526 response 520 member 505 resource 490 issue 482 role 471 guideline 467 node 465 management 459 program 459 disaster 453 term Top 50 proper nouns; "What are the names of persons or places?" -------------------------------------------------------------- 660 al 639 Health 517 et 447 Community 427 . 364 ICH 283 US 275 Fig 268 States 229 EU 202 HIV 190 • 183 New 180 United 180 Committee 179 CAP 166 Member 163 ▸ 161 Europe 156 WHO 153 European 145 Canada 144 National 134 COVID-19 130 EMA 126 China 120 World 120 South 119 C 118 AIDS 115 Public 108 Africa 106 Foundation 106 City 103 ICU 101 Steering 100 FDA 99 Ghana 98 LSM 97 Table 91 Group 90 m 90 International 89 USA 89 Council 88 Care 88 Aruba 87 Resilience 87 Management 84 Social Top 50 personal pronouns nouns; "To whom are things referred?" ------------------------------------------------------------- 1891 it 1779 we 1093 they 415 i 380 them 248 he 156 you 137 us 94 themselves 80 she 80 itself 60 one 54 him 20 himself 17 me 10 her 8 ourselves 7 u 7 's 4 myself 3 s 2 oneself 2 herself 1 yourself 1 tht 1 theirs 1 pf01196 1 mine 1 mg 1 em Top 50 lemmatized verbs; "What do things do?" --------------------------------------------- 17340 be 4155 have 1304 use 1161 include 948 provide 845 base 839 do 768 develop 606 increase 573 make 562 show 505 identify 493 improve 478 take 478 need 468 work 450 acquire 437 relate 418 reduce 411 find 401 see 401 associate 387 address 379 require 373 follow 368 promote 363 help 361 support 357 define 356 create 344 give 338 focus 337 build 336 consider 334 establish 332 lead 323 involve 321 suggest 316 report 295 become 289 exist 284 allow 264 represent 262 ensure 255 share 254 continue 253 know 253 compare 248 discuss 246 live Top 50 lemmatized adjectives and adverbs; "How are things described?" --------------------------------------------------------------------- 1945 not 1479 also 1282 social 1192 other 1141 more 1126 such 982 well 866 public 862 - 809 high 692 new 688 local 597 many 573 different 543 most 519 important 516 low 512 first 509 only 498 however 489 as 450 economic 449 national 443 urban 426 specific 418 clinical 401 global 344 large 336 human 334 e.g. 332 political 331 non 319 international 318 medical 317 great 316 long 309 even 305 key 304 further 294 significant 293 good 293 early 285 then 280 effective 277 several 272 same 270 very 270 current 266 therefore 263 common Top 50 lemmatized superlative adjectives; "How are things described to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 175 most 142 good 95 least 74 high 68 Most 48 large 39 great 22 low 22 big 9 strong 9 short 9 near 9 late 6 poor 6 bad 5 long 5 early 5 close 4 small 4 old 3 wealthy 2 wide 2 simple 2 fast 2 common 2 broad 1 ~e 1 wild 1 westernmost 1 topmost 1 slight 1 rich 1 quick 1 pure 1 harsh 1 hard 1 furth 1 full 1 fit 1 eld 1 easy 1 deep 1 deadly 1 clear 1 busy 1 Least 1 2890eb789dd3fa1cfba363174b669535026cac62 1 -needs 1 -5.72 Top 50 lemmatized superlative adverbs; "How do things do to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 368 most 42 least 12 well 4 hard 1 long 1 fast 1 ecommendatio.ns Top 50 Internet domains; "What Webbed places are alluded to in this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 www.newsguardtech.com 3 creativecommons.org 2 www.gov.uk 2 www.cdc.gov 2 nexo.ucsd.edu 2 igraph.org 2 github.com 1 www.worldpop.org 1 www.who.int 1 www.surgeongeneral.gov 1 www.sgh.org.sa 1 www.sfda.gov.sa 1 www.santofortunato.net 1 www.r-project.org 1 www.qualtrics.com 1 www.protezionecivile.gov.it 1 www.pandemicflu.gov 1 www.obofoundry.org 1 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov 1 www.ncbi.nlm.nih 1 www.example.com 1 www 1 transform-integratedcommunitycare.com 1 orcid.org 1 noblenational.org 1 naver.com)." 1 nam 1 mcmstoke 1 gephi.org 1 geneontology.org 1 endcorporalpunishment.org 1 en.wikipedia.org 1 dmap.ncdr.nat.gov.tw 1 desktop.arcgis.com 1 data.cami-challenge.org 1 creativecommons 1 clinicaltrials.gov 1 booksite.elsevier.com 1 apps.who.int Top 50 URLs; "What is hyperlinked from this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------- 2 http://www.newsguardtech.com/ 2 http://nexo.ucsd.edu/ 2 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 1 http://www.worldpop.org/ 1 http://www.who.int 1 http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/tobacco 1 http://www.sgh.org.sa 1 http://www.sfda.gov.sa/ 1 http://www.santofortunato.net/resources 1 http://www.r-project.org/ 1 http://www.qualtrics.com/uk/ 1 http://www.protezionecivile.gov.it/ 1 http://www.pandemicflu.gov 1 http://www.obofoundry.org/ontology/cl.html 1 http://www.newsguardtech.com/ratings/rating-process-criteria/ 1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/refseq/targetedloci/ 1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih 1 http://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attach-ment_data/file/127106/121109-NHS-Outcomes-Framework-2013-14.pdf 1 http://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-of-health/about#our-priorities 1 http://www.example.com/index.html 1 http://www.cdc.gov/ 1 http://www.cdc.gov 1 http://www 1 http://transform-integratedcommunitycare.com 1 http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5305-6233 1 http://noblenational.org/ 1 http://naver.com)." 1 http://nam 1 http://mcmstoke 1 http://igraph.org/r/ 1 http://igraph.org/c/ 1 http://github.com/eXascaleInfolab/xmeasures 1 http://github.com/ 1 http://gephi.org/ 1 http://geneontology.org/ 1 http://endcorporalpunishment.org/countdown 1 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_name 1 http://dmap.ncdr.nat.gov.tw/ 1 http://desktop.arcgis.com/en/ 1 http://data.cami-challenge.org/participate 1 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ 1 http://creativecommons 1 http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04111939 1 http://booksite.elsevier.com/9780124157668 1 http://apps.who.int/trialsearch/ Top 50 email addresses; "Who are you gonna call?" ------------------------------------------------- 2 karine.goglio@kedgebs.com 1 ykim@asu.edu 1 suweis@pd.infn.it 1 journals.permissions@oup.com 1 esarriot@savechildren.org 1 dan.jones@edmontonpolice.ca 1 ceen@jiscmail.ac.uk Top 50 positive assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-noun?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27 community acquired pneumonia 7 pneumonia requiring hospitalization 6 population is not 5 data are available 4 level is normal 4 results were positive 4 study are available 3 % had ever 3 communities are actively 3 communities are more 3 community is more 3 countries do not 3 health needs assessment 3 people are increasingly 3 people do not 3 population is approximately 2 % are willing 2 % had bp 2 % had family 2 % were male 2 % were married 2 % were not 2 care is also 2 communities did not 2 communities do not 2 communities were functionally 2 communities were relatively 2 community are also 2 community based organizations 2 community based participatory 2 community based research 2 community has more 2 community has only 2 community is faster 2 community is mainly 2 community is not 2 community is usually 2 countries is particularly 2 data are publicly 2 factors are important 2 group is mostly 2 groups are more 2 health is increasingly 2 health is vital 2 health related hardships 2 information is not 2 network is large 2 network was highly 2 networks finding community 2 networks using random Top 50 negative assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-no|not-noun?" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 % had no special 1 % were not satisfied 1 areas have not traditionally 1 areas were not clearly 1 care is not as 1 communities are no longer 1 communities had no significant 1 communities was not only 1 community is not stable 1 community is not sufficient 1 group were not significantly 1 groups were not enough 1 information is not available 1 network is not distinguishable 1 patients do not necessarily 1 people have no idea 1 peoples were not capable 1 population is not immutable 1 populations are not static 1 populations is not new 1 practice are not new 1 practices have not only 1 practices were not firmly 1 practices were not significant 1 process is not as 1 process was not helpful 1 processes was not only 1 results are not comparable 1 results did not uniformly 1 results have not clearly 1 services are not currently 1 system has not adequately 1 time did not significantly 1 time is not well 1 tourism has no significant A rudimentary bibliography -------------------------- id = cord-214006-0w6bqrox author = Aghdam, Atae Rezaei title = Towards Empowering Diabetic Patients: A perspective on self-management in the context of a group-based education program date = 2020-10-26 keywords = community; diabetes; online; patient summary = OHCs as affordable and easily accessible 24/7 services, can facilitate self-management of diabetics by offering health-related advice and stories, social and emotional support (Aghdam et al. OHCs provide opportunities for members to exchange new ideas, knowledge and information about diabetes selfmanagement, functioning as a bridge among people with type-2 diabetes and healthcare professionals and providing online discussion platforms to brainstorm potential solutions (Sim et al. Information sharing by peers, experience and advice sharing, life-style related advice sharing, and sharing daily-basis activities are the most common activities identified by researchers in this study through thematically analysing the content of threads in the Reddit diabetes online communities. Furthermore, participating in diabetes group-based education program provides opportunities for patients to meet and discuss with other members of the communities, obtaining social and emotional support (Steinsbekk et al. This study provides an opportunity for leveraging peer-to-peer support within digital health platforms such as OHCs to empower patients in their self-management of diabetes. doi = nan id = cord-354987-e2d5w6w3 author = Aguado, Brian A. title = Building a virtual community to support and celebrate the success of Latinx scientists date = 2020-10-20 keywords = Latinx; community summary = doi = 10.1038/s41578-020-00259-8 id = cord-016935-0wyl2h62 author = Appanna, Vasu D. title = Dysbiosis, Probiotics, and Prebiotics: In Diseases and Health date = 2018-02-06 keywords = Fig; body; community; lactobacillus; like; microbe; microbial; microbiome; probiotic summary = Probiotics such as Lactobacillus spp are more or less like stem cells utilized to replenish and rejuvenate the microbiome while prebiotics like fructose oligosaccharides (FOS) are microbiome fertilizers akin to mineral supplements or energy nutrients aimed at promoting the proliferation of select microbes in the invisible organ. Probiotics such as Lactobacillus spp are more or less like stem cells utilized to replenish and rejuvenate the microbiome while prebiotics like fructose oligosaccharides (FOS) are microbiome fertilizers akin to mineral supplements or energy nutrients aimed at promoting the proliferation of select microbes in the invisible organ. Despite the ability of our microbiota to respond and adjust to these situations, the invisible organ can be influenced by either taking in select beneficial microbes with known functional attributes or by consuming foods and plant products that promote the proliferation of specific microorganisms. doi = 10.1007/978-981-10-7684-8_3 id = cord-258570-3n7jp0l0 author = Baatiema, Leonard title = Community health workers in Ghana: the need for greater policy attention date = 2016-12-02 keywords = Ghana; chws; community; health; worker summary = We argue that CHWs have played critical roles in improving health service delivery and outcomes, including guinea worm eradication, expanded immunisation coverage, maternal and child health, and HIV/AIDS treatment and management. Despite the general consensus about the importance of CHWs among the global health community, health policy interventions to recognise and support optimal delivery of healthcare by CHWs are lacking, especially in LMICs. In Ghana, although a number of studies and reports have highlighted CHWs'' activities, 16 19 20 there is inadequate health policy support for them. Ambiguity further abounds in the mainstream literature on the characterisation of CHWs. 21 However, during the recent United States Agency for International Development (USAID) CHW Evidence Summit, there was some consensus that a CHW is "A health worker who receives standardized training outside the formal nursing or medical curricula to deliver a range of basic health, promotional, educational, and mobilization services and has a defined role within the community system and larger health system". doi = 10.1136/bmjgh-2016-000141 id = cord-312603-ear9cyri author = Bakker, Craig title = Dynamic graphs, community detection, and Riemannian geometry date = 2018-03-29 keywords = Laplacian; community; graph; riemannian summary = doi = 10.1007/s41109-018-0059-2 id = cord-026596-1kr5vmtf author = Baldwin, Cathy title = Measuring Well-Being: Trial of the Neighbourhood Thriving Scale for Social Well-Being Among Pro-Social Individuals date = 2020-06-10 keywords = Stoke; community; scale; social summary = Exploratory factor analysis revealed 11 factors that made conceptual sense including three social epidemiological pathways to well-being, networks, participation and pro-social behaviours, and four criteria for flourishing societies, autonomous citizenship, safety, cohesive communities and resilience. Validated scales offer potential benefits including: measuring NT preand -post project implementation; establishing which dimensions of NT are, and are not, working well in a community and need strengthening through further initiatives, and establishing which specific groups of people are experiencing lower levels of NT and designing projects that meet their needs. With the exception of one item (positive relationships), Huppert and So''s scale did not address social well-beingwell-being at the group or community level, i.e. how the individual responds to experiences of the social environment which can affect their health (Larson 1993; Keyes 1998) . These analyses, which included three household income categories, showed a significant trend with 9 of the 11 neighbourhood thriving scales: Collective Positive Effort, Celebration, Social Network Pathway, Optimism, Social Cohesion, Engagement Pathway, Safety, Autonomous Citizenship, and Low Resilience. doi = 10.1007/s42413-020-00067-6 id = cord-255466-g3b283ym author = Bhagra, Ojas title = An Integrated and Intergenerational Community Response to Promote Holistic Wellbeing During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-07-02 keywords = COVID-19; community summary = In addition to HCWs needing community support to relieve the strain of massive patient influxes, pandemics take immense tolls on the mental, emotional, and holistic wellbeing of communities through the lack of connectivity due to isolation, social distancing, and cancellations of major social and life events 5 . We aim to provide a framework for an integrated, intergenerational community response to promote emotional, mental, and holistic wellbeing of HCWs and communities. Mobilizing the community to aid mask shortages directly helps another major impact: a massive toll on HCWs'' emotional and mental health. It is important to recognize the impact a community can have on improving the mental health of HCWs by addressing their emotional and spiritual needs during a time of crisis. An integrated, intergenerational community response is essential to promote emotional, mental, and holistic wellbeing during a pandemic. doi = 10.1016/j.explore.2020.05.018 id = cord-271876-kln3t3ru author = Bloomfield, Sally F. title = Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium difficile, and extended-spectrum β-lactamase–producing Escherichia coli in the community: Assessing the problem and controlling the spread date = 2007-03-31 keywords = MRSA; community summary = Although health care-associated methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus and clostridium difficile strains are primarily a risk to hospital patients, people are increasingly concerned about their potential to circulate in the community and the home. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium difficile, and extended-spectrum b-lactamaseproducing Escherichia coli in the community: Assessing the problem and controlling the spread Although health care-associated methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus and clostridium difficile strains are primarily a risk to hospital patients, people are increasingly concerned about their potential to circulate in the community and the home. For bacterial strains, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Clostridium difficile, and extended-spectrum b-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli, the use of antibiotics is a common factor that is related to their emergence and spread. Although health care-associated MRSA (HCA-MRSA) and C difficile strains are primarily a risk to vulnerable patients in hospitals, people are increasingly aware and concerned about the potential for these organisms to circulate between the hospital and other settings, including the home. doi = 10.1016/j.ajic.2006.10.003 id = cord-149748-ucsxbzen author = Borowski, Elisa title = Disparities in ridesourcing demand for mobility resilience: A multilevel analysis of neighborhood effects in Chicago, Illinois date = 2020-10-29 keywords = Chicago; community; disruption; level; transit summary = Applying a natural experiment approach to newly released ridesourcing data, we examine variation in the gap-filling role of on-demand mobility during sudden shocks to a transportation system by analyzing the change in use of ridesourcing during unexpected rail transit service disruptions across the racially and economically diverse city of Chicago. The main contributions of this study are the insights it provides into: (1) whether ridesourcing is used as a gap-filling transportation mode during transit disruptions in Chicago, (2) whether its utilization for this purpose is distributed equitably across the city in terms of racial and economic circumstances, and (3) whether variation in ridesourcing demand during disruptions is attributable to station-level, community-level, or quadrant-level contexts. We use a multilevel regression analysis to identify the station level, community area level, and city quadrant level factors associated with systematic variations in ridesourcing demand during transit disruptions. doi = nan id = cord-259672-qdrcb2ce author = Brown, Nancy A. title = Exploring disaster resilience within the hotel sector: A systematic review of literature date = 2017-02-06 keywords = community; disaster; hotel; resilience; tourism summary = A cross-disciplinary lens may provide an opportunity to identify connections between the hotel sector''s needs (ensuring safety and security of guests and staff as well as remaining operational and profitable) and disaster resilience building. The most prevalent definitions adopted by authors of tourism sector research has been Faulkner''s [24] concept that crises often have a component that could have been controlled by the group being affected (e.g. management failing to react to events in a way that minimizes effects), while disasters occur suddenly and the actual trigger event is out of the control of those affected (e.g. an earthquake hitting a populated area). reviews definitions of community resilience and finds "…they refer to "community" as a large social group…" While an imminent and potentially disastrous event can pose incredible challenges for a hotel operation, disaster preparedness and resilience building can mitigate the consequences [39] . doi = 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2017.02.005 id = cord-186031-b1f9wtfn author = Caldarelli, Guido title = Analysis of online misinformation during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemics in Italy date = 2020-10-05 keywords = Italy; Twitter; community; italian; network; political; user summary = doi = nan id = cord-009667-8r8j0h08 author = Cao, Bin title = Diagnosis and treatment of community‐acquired pneumonia in adults: 2016 clinical practice guidelines by the Chinese Thoracic Society, Chinese Medical Association date = 2017-09-26 keywords = China; cap; community; patient; pneumonia summary = 13, 17 Recently, the results of 2 multicenter Community-Acquired Respiratory Tract Infection Pathogen Surveillance (CAR-TIPS) studies in adults conducted in urban tertiary hospitals in China showed that 88.1%-91.3% of S. Step 3: Predict the potential pathogens of CAP and risks of antibiotic resistance ( Table 2) : considering patient age, season of onset, underlying diseases and risk factors, symptoms or signs, characteristics of chest imaging (X-ray film or CT), laboratory tests, severity of CAP, prior antibacterial therapies and so on. After clinical diagnosis of CAP is established, and etiological test and sampling arranged appropriately, the most potential pathogens should be assessed in terms of patient age, underlying disease, clinical characteristics, results of laboratory and radiography tests, severity of disease, hepatic and renal functions, and history of medication and antimicrobial susceptibility profile, then evaluate the risk for antibiotic resistance, select the appropriate anti-infective agent (s) and dosing regimen ( Table 6 ). doi = 10.1111/crj.12674 id = cord-028660-hi35xvni author = Chen, Jie title = Three-Way Decisions Community Detection Model Based on Weighted Graph Representation date = 2020-06-10 keywords = community; node summary = Community detection algorithm based on three-way decisions (TWD) forms a multi-layered community structure by hierarchical clustering and then selects a suitable layer as the community detection result. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a method for three-way decisions community detection based on weighted graph representation (WGR-TWD). In this paper, we propose a three-way decisions community detection model based on weighted graph representation (WGR-TWD). The graph representation can well transform the global structure of the network into vector representation and make the two nodes in the boundary region that appear in the same community more similar by using the weight. (1) We use weighted graph representation to obtain the global structure information of the network to guide the processing of the boundary region, which gets a better three-way decisions community detection method. In this paper, we propose a method for three-way decisions community detection based on weighted graph representation. doi = 10.1007/978-3-030-52705-1_11 id = cord-351785-d35kqobp author = DeWitt, Emily title = Rural SNAP Participants and Food Insecurity: How Can Communities Leverage Resources to Meet the Growing Food Insecurity Status of Rural and Low-Income Residents? date = 2020-08-19 keywords = Rural; community; food; snap summary = doi = 10.3390/ijerph17176037 id = cord-353482-dz343h7t author = Ellis, Matthew title = Global Community Child Health date = 2020-05-11 keywords = child; community summary = doi = 10.3390/ijerph17093331 id = cord-035289-m3uvh8zn author = Fabbricatti, Katia title = Heritage Community Resilience: towards new approaches for urban resilience and sustainability date = 2020-11-11 keywords = Community; Disaster; Heritage; Resilience; UNESCO; cultural summary = In the Hangzhou Declaration, Placing Culture at the Heart of Sustainable Development Policies, "the appropriate conservation of the historic environment, including cultural landscapes, and the safeguarding of relevant traditional knowledge, values and practices, in synergy with other scientific knowledge, enhances the resilience of communities to disasters and climate change" (UNESCO 2013, action 6). On these bases, this paper aims to identify the critical actors and variables, strategies and governance mechanisms that influence Heritage Community Resilience, in a self-sustaining circuit in which Heritage Community care actions can reduce the vulnerability of cultural heritage and community, and at the same time increase its capacity to prevent, cope with and recover from disturbances and/or disasters. doi = 10.1186/s40410-020-00126-7 id = cord-009278-98ebmd33 author = Ferreira-Coimbra, João title = Burden of Community-Acquired Pneumonia and Unmet Clinical Needs date = 2020-02-18 keywords = cap; community; patient; pneumonia summary = Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the leading cause of death among infectious diseases and an important health problem, having considerable implications for healthcare systems worldwide. Recently, Nature Medicine published the first use of phages to treat a multidrug-resistant (MDR) microorganism [3] and Lancet Infectious Diseases reported the first use of pneumolysin in severe CAP treatment added to standard of care in a phase II trial [4] . Incidence of community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections and pneumonia among older adults in the United Kingdom: a population-based study Incidence rate of community-acquired pneumonia in adults: a population-based prospective active surveillance study in three cities in South America Disease burden and etiologic distribution of community-acquired pneumonia in adults: evolving epidemiology in the era of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines Epidemiology and clinical outcomes of community-acquired pneumonia in adult patients in Asian countries: a prospective study by the Asian network for surveillance of resistant pathogens Effect of corticosteroids on treatment failure among hospitalized patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia and high inflammatory response: a randomized clinical trial doi = 10.1007/s12325-020-01248-7 id = cord-028685-b1eju2z7 author = Fuentes, Ivett title = Rough Net Approach for Community Detection Analysis in Complex Networks date = 2020-06-10 keywords = community; network summary = Also, the topological evolution estimation between adjacent layers in dynamic networks is discussed and a new community interaction visualization approach combining both complex network representation and Rough Net definition is adopted to interpret the community structure. In this section, we describe the application of Rough Net in important tasks of the CD analysis: the validation and visualization of detected communities and their interactions, and the evolutionary estimation in dynamic networks. Thus, we propose a new approach for visualizing the interactions between communities taking into account the quality of the community structure by using the combination of the Rough Net definition and the complex network representation. For illustrating the performance of the Rough Net definition in the community detection analysis, we apply it to three networks, two known to have monoplex topology and the third multiplex one. In this paper, we have described new quality measures for exploratory analysis of community structure in both monoplex and multiplex networks based on the Rough Net definition. doi = 10.1007/978-3-030-52705-1_30 id = cord-284314-jpxaf02p author = Geekiyanage, Devindi title = Assessing the state of the art in community engagement for participatory decision-making in disaster risk-sensitive urban development date = 2020-09-16 keywords = barrier; community; development; engagement; urban summary = doi = 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101847 id = cord-031995-itu5ix98 author = Goglio-Primard, Karine title = Managing with communities for innovation, agility, and resilience date = 2020-09-17 keywords = Management; community summary = The concept of knowing communities (KCs) refers to the vast body of creative informal networks that repeatedly interact and exchange knowledge to support the dynamic processes of creation and innovation (Amin & Roberts, 2008; Cohendet et al., 2008) . While communities emphasize the acquisition of expertise or free access to expertise located in other organizations (scientific goal), collectives emphasize altruism, public action, the adoption of innovative practices by the largest number, and the highest level of sharing among members in order to transform society. Our intention in this Management Focus is to analyze the dynamics of knowledge communities (communities of practice and collectives) with respect to innovation, agility, and the resilience of organizations. European Management Journal 1 How can knowledge communities'' dynamics (i.e., communities of practice and collectives) foster organizational resilience? His research focuses on the organization, management, and performance of creative and innovative processes at the individual, collective, organizational, and territorial levels. doi = 10.1016/j.emj.2020.08.003 id = cord-022075-bbae2nam author = Gougelet, Robert M. title = Disaster Mitigation date = 2009-05-15 keywords = Health; community; hospital; mitigation summary = • The ability to maintain function • Building design • Locating buildings outside of hazard zones (e.g., flood plains) • Essential building utilities • Protection of building contents • Insurance • Public education • Surveillance • Warning • Evacuation It is of critical importance that emergency planners incorporate the basic elements of mitigation and have the authority and resources to incorporate these changes into their organization/facility/community. • Forming effective community-based partnerships for hazard mitigation purposes • Implementing effective hazard mitigation measures that reduce the potential damage from natural disasters • Ensuring continued functionality of critical services • Leveraging additional nonfederal resources in meeting natural disaster resistance goals • Making commitments to long-term hazard mitigation efforts to be applied to new and existing structures This important legislation sought to identify and assess the risks to states and local governments (including Indian tribes) from natural disasters. doi = 10.1016/b978-0-323-03253-7.50028-5 id = cord-025790-k8v832rl author = Gowelo, Steven title = Community factors affecting participation in larval source management for malaria control in Chikwawa District, Southern Malawi date = 2020-06-02 keywords = Bti; LSM; Malawi; community; malaria summary = This is due to a number of factors including a lack of data on local larval mosquito vector ecology [20] , lack of local evidence for LSM in malaria control, and concerns about the cost of implementation on a large scale. These LSM committees were formed to carry out LSM activities in each selected village, and they were tasked with quarterly mapping of potential mosquito larval habitats, lobbying for and coordinating community participation in larval habitat draining and filling, and Bti application. Removing these potential breeding sites is the only sure way forward'''' (IDI, Community participant, Jana) "If we are not careful, discharging water anyhow into these swamps creates suitable environments for mosquito proliferation, a thing which can increase malaria prevalence in the area" (FGD, LSM committee, FAC). Findings of the present study show that community involvement in LSM increased awareness of malaria as a health problem, its risk factors and control strategies. doi = 10.1186/s12936-020-03268-8 id = cord-028657-q2ghtpd9 author = Grass-Boada, Darian Horacio title = Overlapping Community Detection Using Multi-objective Approach and Rough Clustering date = 2020-06-10 keywords = community summary = One of the challenges is to attain a final solution from the set of non-dominated solutions obtained by the MOEAs. In this paper, an algorithm to build a covering of the network based on the principles of the Rough Clustering is proposed. In our proposal, we focus on describing the relationship between the elements of the network (vertices) only taking into consideration their belonging to the communities of the Pareto Set. Then, we use Rough Clustering to obtain a final covering of the network, that describes the communities with their lower and upper approximations. Hence, the selected final solution uses the knowledge of the overlapping communities (Pareto set) obtained by MOEAs. In this paper, we propose an Overlapping Community Detection Algorithm using Multi-objective approach and Rough Clustering, denoted as MOOCD-RC. doi = 10.1007/978-3-030-52705-1_31 id = cord-035182-ax6v3ak5 author = Griebenow, Reinhard title = Outcomes in CME/CPD - Special Collection: How to make the “pyramid” a perpetuum mobile date = 2020-10-27 keywords = CME; community; health; patient summary = To enhance the effect CME may achieve in improving community health the authors suggest a kick-off/keep-on continuum of medical competence, and integration of aspects of public health at all levels from planning to delivery and outcomes measurement in CME. Continuing medical education (CME) should not be an end in itself, but as expressed in Moore''s pyramid [1] , help to improve both individual patient and ultimately community health. Continuing medical education (CME) should not be an end in itself, but as expressed in Moore''s pyramid [1] , help to improve both individual patient and ultimately community health. On the one hand there is some evidence for the impact of this strategy on physician performance and patient outcomes [82] , but on the other hand this is not the appropriate strategy to address gaps in community health, and tends to create an attitude of unbalanced activism. The impact of CME on physician performance and patient health outcomes: an updated synthesis of systematic reviews doi = 10.1080/21614083.2020.1832750 id = cord-327494-7a3szj8x author = Ibrahim, Mohamed Izham Mohamed title = Chapter 18 Assessment of Medication Dispensing and Extended Community Pharmacy Services date = 2018-12-31 keywords = community; health; pharmacist; pharmacy; service summary = In this chapter, an assessment of community pharmacy practices in developing countries is particularly interesting in terms of medication dispensing and extended pharmacy services that promote public wellness. In this chapter, an assessment of community pharmacy practices in developing countries is particularly interesting in terms of medication dispensing and extended pharmacy services. The Competency Standards for Pharmacists in Australia (SHPA, 2003) mentioned several important functional areas that community pharmacists could assume: dispensing medication; preparing pharmaceutical products; promoting and contributing to the quality use of medication; providing primary healthcare; and supplying information and instructions related to health and medication. The scope of pharmacy practice now includes patient-centered care-with all the cognitive functions of counseling, providing drug information, and monitoring drug therapy-and the technical aspects of pharmaceutical services, including medication supply management, as well as people-or public-centered care. doi = 10.1016/b978-0-12-811228-1.00018-2 id = cord-027765-jxxcvbna author = Jones, Daniel J title = The Potential Impacts of Pandemic Policing on Police Legitimacy: Planning Past the COVID-19 Crisis date = 2020-06-05 keywords = Justice; Police; community; legitimacy summary = The concept of police legitimacy implies that the police are seen as a legitimate power holder who uphold the law and operate in the community in a procedurally just way, giving a voice to the people they serve (Bottoms and Tankebe, 2012; Mazerolle et al., 2013; Tankebe et al., 2016) . An example of negative media during pandemic policing is reports coming from South Africa state that just days into their 21-day lockdown as a result of COVID-19, police are abusing their powers in multiple ways while enforcing their newly enhanced powers enacted from their Disaster Management Act: assaultive behaviour by police and the death of three people at the hands of law enforcement officers (Faull, 2020) . If the police respond with compassion and care when they are required to enforce public health laws due to the pandemic response of the respective nation, this could build police legitimacy in a time of crisis. doi = 10.1093/police/paaa026 id = cord-318336-hslnkv6p author = Ke, Kai-Yuan title = Enhancing Local Disaster Management Network through Developing Resilient Community in New Taipei City, Taiwan date = 2020-07-24 keywords = NTPC; Taiwan; community; disaster summary = doi = 10.3390/ijerph17155357 id = cord-280981-p0l5bpqi author = Keenan, Jesse M. title = COVID, resilience, and the built environment date = 2020-05-14 keywords = COVID; community; disaster; resilience summary = Through this perspective, the article hopes to explore those often overlooked aspects of the physical and social parameters of the built environment that may be understood as providing opportunities to inform future disaster, public health, and climate change preparations and responses. Through this perspective, the article hopes to explore those often overlooked aspects of the physical and social parameters of the built environment that may be understood as providing opportunities to inform future disaster, public health, and climate change preparations and responses. In the past decade, multi-hazard disaster and engineering resilience planning has had significant impacts in shaping the design and management of the built environment in everything from supporting the business continuity of private enterprise (Keenan 2015) to the sustainable provision of critical public services (Humphries 2019) . doi = 10.1007/s10669-020-09773-0 id = cord-027798-aq13cugo author = Kenny, Sue title = Covid-19 and community development date = 2020-06-01 keywords = community; covid-19 summary = In the context of the immense demand, there is growing pressure for community development practitioners to focus entirely on welfare work, as agents of the "benign" state. A society in which fear is amplified, power is ceded to governments and communities practise self-surveillance provides an ideal setting for authoritarian practices. Nevertheless, there is a growing chorus of voices warning us of the ways in which authoritarianism is seeping into the fabric of society, particularly when this takes place under the guise of controlling the Covid-19 pandemic. For example, we are being alerted to the ways in which authoritarian populists such as Orban in Hungary and Bolsonaro in Brazil have used the pandemic as a cover to extend their powers, by eliminating dissent and extending state surveillance. At the beginning of May, 2020, what can those committed to community development be doing in response to the Covid-19 pandemic and the changing socio-political milieu? doi = 10.1093/cdj/bsaa020 id = cord-024571-vlklgd3x author = Kim, Yushim title = Community Analysis of a Crisis Response Network date = 2019-07-28 keywords = Korea; community; network; organization; response summary = Others are interested in identifying cohesive subgroups because they may indicate a lack of cross-jurisdictional and cross-sectoral collaboration in ERNs. During these responses, public organizations in different jurisdictions participate, and a sizable number of organizations from nongovernmental sectors also become involved (Celik & Corbacioglu, 2016; Comfort & Haase, 2006; Kapucu et al., 2010; Spiro, Acton, & Butts, 2013) . In August 2016, Hanyang university''s research center in South Korea provided an online tagging tool for every news article in the country''s news articles database that included the term "MERS (http://naver.com)." A group of researchers at the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs wrote the white paper (488 pages, plus appendices) based on their comprehensive research using multiple data sources and collection methods. These communities included organizations across government jurisdictions, sectors, and geographic locations ( Table 2 , description) and were actively involved in the response during the MERS outbreak. doi = 10.1177/0894439319858679 id = cord-276428-oy8e2cpx author = Krishnan, Lakshmi title = Historical Insights on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), the 1918 Influenza Pandemic, and Racial Disparities: Illuminating a Path Forward date = 2020-06-05 keywords = Americans; COVID-19; community; health; pandemic summary = This commentary examines the historical arc of the 1918 influenza pandemic, focusing on black Americans and showing the complex and sometimes surprising ways it operated, triggering particular responses both within a minority community and in wider racial, sociopolitical, and public health structures. This commentary examines the historical arc of the 1918 influenza pandemic, focusing on black Americans and showing the complex and sometimes surprising ways it operated, triggering particular re-sponses both within a minority community and in wider racial, sociopolitical, and public health structures. We examine the historical arc of the 1918 influenza pandemic, focusing on black Americans and showing the complex, sometimes surprising ways it triggered particular responses both within a minority community and in wider racial, sociopolitical, and public health structures. Although the influenza pandemic does not reveal ready associations between deleterious social, cultural, and economic conditions and poor outcomes (aside from higher case-fatality rate) for black Americans, the gaps in historical documentation may reflect inherent disparities and consequences of limited racial/ethnic data collection. doi = 10.7326/m20-2223 id = cord-252526-4vsfl62z author = Laborde, Yvens title = Community Outreach Panel Explores and Addresses Higher Rates of COVID-19–Related Deaths in the African American Population date = 2020 keywords = community summary = title: Community Outreach Panel Explores and Addresses Higher Rates of COVID-19–Related Deaths in the African American Population These factors, which include higher rates of poverty and housing density; lower rates of stable, salaried jobs that permit work-from-home arrangements; and the burden of preexisting, chronic medical conditions, effectively equate to an inability for many members of this community to practice social distancing. To gain further insight into how healthcare professionals can address these factors, Drs Yvens Laborde and Olivia Manayan, in collaboration with the Regular Baptist Church of New Orleans, organized a question and answer panel ( Figure) with the aims of (1) providing accurate, up-to-date, evidence-based information about COVID-19 to the public in a way that was approachable and accessible, (2) answering questions posed by members of the community, and (3) gaining a better understanding of the root causes of inequities in the healthcare system. doi = 10.31486/toj.20.0063 id = cord-025246-zah72cd6 author = Lai, Daniel W. L. title = Revisiting Social Work with Older People in Chinese Contexts from a Community Development Lens: When East Meets West date = 2020-03-13 keywords = China; chinese; community; old summary = Based on these theoretical bases, three practice directions are suggested to guide community development at different levels: "aging in place," "age-friendly community," and "gray power." In particular, social workers need to adapt community development approaches to Chinese cultural contexts. Focusing on the experience of older people in different Chinese contexts, including Chinese older adults in Chinese societies and older Chinese migrants residing in non-Chinese societies, this chapter will discuss the alignment of community development and its application in social work practice with older people, with attention to the influence of sociocultural context. Finally, social workers can facilitate the involvement of older people in developing AFCs, which is important because it can support greater responsiveness to community needs, capacity building, and empowerment, as well as enhanced use of existing and new programs and services (Scharlach and Lehning 2016) . Social workers can apply the practice of community development in working with Chinese older people, representing an approach to intervention and support that addresses broader systems and structures and focus on empowerment and personal development among aging populations. doi = 10.1007/978-981-13-6969-8_13 id = cord-025248-6e05mgy8 author = Lewis, Judy L. title = The USA’s Modern Civil Rights Movement and Basic Income Guarantee date = 2020-05-27 keywords = Community; King; MLK; Rights; big; ppc summary = This chapter explores Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.''s (MLK) contribution to Basic Income Guarantee (BIG) and its association with the USA''s Modern Civil Rights Movement (MCRM). The call for a guaranteed annual income structured as a regular unconditional means-tested payment or as wage for meaningful jobs remained throughout the Poor People''s Campaign (PPC) and was documented in the first two demands of the campaign''s Social and Economic Bill of Rights (Chase 1998; Jackson 2007; Poverty Initiative 2012) . The distinction of economic exploitation as the originator of an oppressive class society is very important as it highlights the value of MLK''s founding his political activism for BIG on a call for a revolution of values tied to the restructuring of American society with the Beloved Community/world house as the end point. doi = 10.1007/978-3-030-43904-0_7 id = cord-304056-2bo0s0hz author = Lezotre, Pierre-Louis title = Part I State of Play and Review of Major Cooperation Initiatives date = 2014-12-31 keywords = APEC; ASEAN; Committee; Community; EMA; European; FDA; GCC; GMP; Health; ICH; Member; SADC; States; Steering summary = ▸ To maintain a forum for a constructive dialogue between regulatory authorities and the pharmaceutical industry on the real and perceived differences in the technical requirements for product registration in the EU, US, and Japan in order to ensure a more timely introduction of new medicinal products, and their availability to patients; ▸ To contribute to the protection of public health from an international perspective (added upon revision in 2000); ▸ To monitor and update harmonized technical requirements leading to a greater mutual acceptance of research and development data; ▸ To avoid divergent future requirements through harmonization of selected topics needed as a result of therapeutic advances and the development of new technologies for the production of medicinal products; ▸ To facilitate the adoption of new or improved technical research and development approaches which update or replace current practices, where these permit a more economical use of human, animal, and material resources, without compromising safety; ▸ To facilitate the dissemination and communication of information on harmonized guidelines and their use such as to encourage the implementation and integration of common standards. doi = 10.1016/b978-0-12-800053-3.00002-1 id = cord-031314-z74hhcy3 author = Liu, Yang title = Soil potassium is correlated with root secondary metabolites and root-associated core bacteria in licorice of different ages date = 2020-09-03 keywords = community; root; soil summary = METHODS: The soil characteristics, root secondary metabolites, and root-associated bacterial communities were analyzed in licorice plants of different ages to explore their temporal dynamics and interaction mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS: Licorice specifically selects root-associated core bacteria over the course of plant development, and TK is correlated with root secondary metabolites and individual core-enriched taxa in the bulk and rhizosphere soils, which may have implications for practical licorice cultivation. The aims of this study were to (1) elucidate the temporal dynamics of root-associated bacterial communities together with variation in soil characteristics and secondary metabolite concentrations in roots; (2) investigate the core-enriched taxa and their time-decay relationships; and (3) provide a comprehensive understanding of the key factor(s) regulating the temporal dynamics of individual taxa related to root secondary metabolites in licorice. This study investigated the temporal succession of root-associated bacterial communities and simultaneous variation in soil characteristics and root secondary metabolites in licorice plants of different ages. doi = 10.1007/s11104-020-04692-0 id = cord-013798-y8oy9tew author = Malik, Ashish A. title = Drought and plant litter chemistry alter microbial gene expression and metabolite production date = 2020-05-22 keywords = Fig; community; litter; microbial; precipitation summary = Here we present metatranscriptomic and metabolomic data on the physiological response of in situ microbial communities on plant litter to long-term drought in Californian grass and shrub ecosystems. In contrast, communities on chemically more diverse and complex shrub litter had smaller physiological differences in response to long-term drought but higher investment in resource acquisition traits across precipitation treatments, suggesting that the functional response to drought is constrained by substrate quality. Specifically, we hypothesised that (1) long-term drought causes increased gene expression and metabolite production associated with osmoprotection, dormancy and moisture retention mechanisms which leads to reduced growth; and (2) chemically diverse and complex shrub litter requires increased investment in resource acquisition pathways, further constraining microbial growth under drought. A significant number of indicators of reduced precipitation in grass litter also belonged to the classes of membrane transport (47 functions) or stress response (41 functions) which were almost absent in the indicator profiles of ambient communities (Fig. 2e) . doi = 10.1038/s41396-020-0683-6 id = cord-292094-vmsdhccp author = Mandell, Lionel A. title = Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society Consensus Guidelines on the Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults date = 2007-03-01 keywords = ICU; Legionella; PSI; antibiotic; cap; community; patient; pneumonia; risk; therapy summary = Severity-of-illness scores, such as the CURB-65 criteria (confusion, uremia, respiratory rate, low blood pressure, age 65 years or greater), or prognostic models, such as the Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI), can be used to identify patients with CAP who may be candidates for outpatient treatment. A respiratory fluoroquinolone should be used for penicillin-allergic patients.) Increasing resistance rates have suggested that empirical therapy with a macrolide alone can be used only for the treat-ment of carefully selected hospitalized patients with nonsevere disease and without risk factors for infection with drug-resistant pathogens. Advantages include the high specificity, the ability of some assays to distinguish between influenza A and B, the rapidity with which the results can be obtained, the possibly reduced use of antibacterial agents, and the utility of establishing this diagnosis for epidemiologic purposes, especially in hospitalized patients who may require infection control precautions. doi = 10.1086/511159 id = cord-283744-qkvo6cji author = Marston, Cicely title = Community participation is crucial in a pandemic date = 2020-05-04 keywords = COVID-19; community summary = Community participation is essential in the collective response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), from compliance with lockdown, to the steps that need to be taken as countries ease restrictions, to community support through volunteering. This requires dedicated staff who can help governments engage in dialogue with citizens, work to integrate the response across health and social care, and coordinate links with other sectors such as policing and education. Second, those of us working to address COVID-19 in the health and social care sectors and beyond should look to existing community groups and networks to build coproduction. All societies have community groups that can co-create better pandemic response and health services and politicians must be supported to incorporate these voices. Social mobilization and community engagement central to the Ebola response in west Africa: lessons for future public health emergencies doi = 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31054-0 id = cord-308968-m4pzsfkd author = Mercadante, Amanda R. title = Choosing Evolution over Extinction: Integrating Direct Patient Care Services and Value-Based Payment Models into the Community-Based Pharmacy Setting date = 2020-07-24 keywords = community; patient; pharmacist; pharmacy summary = title: Choosing Evolution over Extinction: Integrating Direct Patient Care Services and Value-Based Payment Models into the Community-Based Pharmacy Setting The American healthcare payment model introduced Pharmacy Benefit Managers (PBMs) into a position of power that currently puts into question the state of the pharmacy profession, especially in the community field. Four collaborative payment models have been proposed, offering methods to quell the monetary problems that exist and are predicted to continue with the closure of community pharmacies and sustained influence of PBMs. These models may additionally allow the expansion of pharmacy career paths and improve healthcare benefits for patients. A pharmacy network model could be implemented to connect pharmacists with a variety of clinical services (that are not provided in the community pharmacies) directly to the patients in need. Community pharmacy networks (i.e., CPESN) and companies currently exist that provide services for either patients or healthcare systems such as MTM or medication risk mitigation management, but their focus is on specific services or locations. doi = 10.3390/pharmacy8030128 id = cord-332625-3rvis2gy author = Modell, Stephen M. title = Religion as a Health Promoter During the 2019/2020 COVID Outbreak: View from Detroit date = 2020-06-16 keywords = Detroit; Health; Michigan; community; covid-19 summary = doi = 10.1007/s10943-020-01052-1 id = cord-289041-lhc53uk4 author = Nadeem, Muhammad Faisal title = Is the paradigm of community pharmacy practice expected to shift due to COVID-19? date = 2020-05-27 keywords = community; covid-19 summary = doi = 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.05.021 id = cord-300356-oorac5he author = Nair, Girish B. title = Community-Acquired Pneumonia: An Unfinished Battle date = 2011-10-05 keywords = CAP; ICU; community; patient; pneumonia summary = doi = 10.1016/j.mcna.2011.08.007 id = cord-323466-r0n7448g author = Núñez, Ana title = Responding to Healthcare Disparities and Challenges With Access to Care During COVID-19 date = 2020-04-14 keywords = community; health; need; people summary = doi = 10.1089/heq.2020.29000.rtl id = cord-034684-ehaiqye5 author = Peterson, Ryan R. title = Over the Caribbean Top: Community Well-Being and Over-Tourism in Small Island Tourism Economies date = 2020-11-05 keywords = Aruba; CBS; Caribbean; Duval; Peterson; community; site; tourism summary = The confluence of enduring tourism growth with diminishing economic development in small island tourism economies (SITES) raises serious questions about the role and contribution of tourism for inclusive development and community well-being in the Caribbean (UNSDG 2018), especially considering the complex of economic, health, and environmental shocks in addition to the longstanding social vulnerabilities and institutional weaknesses (IMF 2017; Ruprah et al. The confluence of policy and market failures intensify the negative externalities due to several institutional conditions, including: (a) a regulatory deficiency in environmental conservation and enforcement, (b) limited economic diversification and innovation, (c) lopsided (private) benefits and (public) costs of tourism growth, (d) marginal social inclusion and non-civic participation in tourism policy and development, and (e) a strong and persistent bias towards short-term tourism promotion, expansion, and growth (Bishop 2010; Daye et al. doi = 10.1007/s42413-020-00094-3 id = cord-007749-lt9is0is author = Preston, Nicholas D. title = The Human Environment Interface: Applying Ecosystem Concepts to Health date = 2013-05-01 keywords = Health; community; disease; ecosystem; population summary = Despite the fact that most EIDs originate in wildlife, few studies account for the population, community, or ecosystem ecology of the host, reservoir, or vector. The dimensions of ecological approaches to public health that we propose in this chapter are, in essence, networks of population dynamics, community structure, and ecosystem matrices incorporating concepts of complexity, resilience, and biogeochemical processes. Over the past few decades, ecologists have analyzed data from field observations, laboratory studies, and large-scale field experiments to describe the structure and dynamics of populations, their interactions within communities, and the complexity of ecosystems. Availability of resources, notably nutrients, is related to population dynamics, e.g., the life cycle of organisms, and community structure, such as food webs. In conclusion, the dimensions of ecological approaches to public health that we propose in this chapter are, in essence, networks of population dynamics, community structure, and ecosystem matrices incorporating concepts of complexity, resilience, and biogeochemical processes. doi = 10.1007/82_2013_317 id = cord-018332-893cckyz author = Price, Jason D. title = Desire and the Law: Creative Resistance in the Reluctant Passenger and the Heart of Redness date = 2017-07-16 keywords = Bhonco; Camagu; Conroy; Luc; Morris; Qukezwa; South; animal; community; desire; law summary = doi = 10.1007/978-3-319-56726-6_5 id = cord-034634-7jo3y89b author = Ridzi, Frank title = Community Leadership through Conversations and Coordination: the Role of Local Surveys in Community Foundation Run Community Indicators Projects date = 2020-11-04 keywords = Community; Foundation; New; Vancouver; York summary = Among the advantages explored are increased capacity in key community leadership elements of: engaging residents, working across sectors, commissioning and disseminating local data and research, shaping public policy, and marshaling resources. This has often translated into such CF activities as: "convening stakeholders around a common problem or issue; forging partnerships that leverage additional public or private resources; brokering new, fragile or even contentious relationships; providing needed training and technical assistance to nonprofits; speaking out and using the media to raise visibility and spur action on an issue; commissioning research and needs assessments to identify gaps in services; and collaboratively creating new institutions (Ranghelli 2006:3) ." Community Foundation community leadership has also been increasingly seen in the area of supporting collective impact efforts to collaboratively address community problems through coordinated, multi-sector and data driven partnerships (Ridzi and Doughty 2017; Ridzi 2019) . doi = 10.1007/s42413-020-00098-z id = cord-328430-eme58ztj author = Sarriot, Eric title = Community Ownership in Primary Health Care—Managing the Intangible date = 2020-10-01 keywords = community; health; ownership summary = doi = 10.9745/ghsp-d-20-00427 id = cord-331867-mqqtzf8k author = Shahsavari, Shadi title = Conspiracy in the time of corona: automatic detection of emerging COVID-19 conspiracy theories in social media and the news date = 2020-10-28 keywords = Fig; Gates; community; conspiracy; medium; narrative; theory summary = doi = 10.1007/s42001-020-00086-5 id = cord-018038-gqdylj6n author = Snyder, William M. title = Our World as a Learning System: A Communities-of-Practice Approach date = 2010 keywords = Bank; community; learning; practice; system summary = Civic development is essentially a social process of action learning, in which practitioners from diverse sectors, disciplines, and organisations work together to share ideas and best practices, create new approaches, and build new capabilities. Rather, sponsors and community leaders must be ready to engage in an evolutionary design process whereby the organisation fosters the development of communities among practitioners, creates structures that provide support and sponsorship for these communities, and finds ways to involve them in the conduct of the business. One way to assess the level of civic stewardship in any city or region is to map the prevalence, inclusiveness, and effectiveness of civic communities of practice (also known as coalitions, associations, partnerships, and alliances, among other terms) who take responsibility for clusters of issues related to particular civic domains, such as education, economic development, health, housing, public safety, infrastructure, culture, recreation, and the environment. A discipline that promotes the development of strategic social learning systems to steward civic practices at local, national, and global levels. doi = 10.1007/978-1-84996-133-2_7 id = cord-002929-oqe3gjcs author = Strano, Emanuele title = Mapping road network communities for guiding disease surveillance and control strategies date = 2018-03-16 keywords = Fig; community; network; road summary = We apply these to Africa, and show how many highly-connected communities straddle national borders and when integrating malaria prevalence and population data as an example, the communities change, highlighting regions most strongly connected to areas of high burden. The approaches and results presented provide a flexible tool for supporting the design of disease surveillance and control strategies through mapping areas of high connectivity that form coherent units of intervention and key link routes between communities for targeting surveillance. falciparum malaria prevalence and population data with road networks for weighted community detection. falciparum malaria prevalence and population (Fig. 5a ) through weighting road links by the maximum values across them produces a different pattern of communities (Fig. 5b) to those based solely on network structure (Fig. 3) . doi = 10.1038/s41598-018-22969-4 id = cord-102749-tgka0pl0 author = Tovo, Anna title = Taxonomic classification method for metagenomics based on core protein families with Core-Kaiju date = 2020-05-01 keywords = 16S; Kaiju; community; core; number summary = In this study, we first apply and compare different bioinformatics methods based on 16S ribosomal RNA gene and whole genome shotgun sequencing for taxonomic classification to three small mock communities of bacteria, of which the compositions are known. In particular, we propose an updated version of Kaiju, which combines the power of shotgun metagenomics data with a more focused marker gene classification method, similar to 16S rRNA, but based on core protein domain families (40, 41, 42, 43) from the PFAM database (44) . As shown in (27) , where different amplicon sequencing methods are tested on both simulated and real data and the results are compared to those obtained with metagenomic pipelines, the whole genome approach resulted to outperform the previous ones in terms of both number of identified strains, taxonomic and functional resolution and reliability on estimates of microbial relative abundance distribution in samples. doi = 10.1101/2020.01.08.898395 id = cord-303165-ikepr2p2 author = Tulchinsky, Theodore H. title = Expanding the Concept of Public Health date = 2014-10-10 keywords = Europe; HIV; Health; New; Public; USA; care; chapter; community; country; disease; population; social summary = It also demands special attention through health promotion activities of all kinds at national and local societal levels to provide access for groups with special risks and needs to medical and community health care with the currently available and newly developing knowledge and technologies. 5. Environmental, biological, occupational, social, and economic factors that endanger health and human life, addressing: (a) physical and mental illness, diseases and infirmity, trauma and injuries (b) local and global sanitation and environmental ecology (c) healthful nutrition and food security including availability, quality, safety, access, and affordability of food products (d) disasters, natural and human-made, including war, terrorism, and genocide (e) population groups at special risk and with specific health needs. It acts to improve health and social welfare, and to reduce specific determinants of diseases and risk factors that adversely affect the health, well-being, and productive capacities of an individual or society, setting targets based on the size of the problem but also the feasibility of successful intervention, in a cost-effective way. doi = 10.1016/b978-0-12-415766-8.00002-1 id = cord-269387-pgg61svt author = Vandensande, Tinne title = Starting the Transition Towards Integrated Community Care 4all date = 2020-06-30 keywords = ICC; community summary = Citizens, neighbourhood networks, community-based organizations and informal carers are all being recognized as key players in tackling the Covid-19 crisis as they address the huge needs for psychosocial, practical and food support [1] . � ICC engages and empowers people in local communities; � ICC promotes a sense of accountability towards a territorially defined population; � ICC fosters inclusiveness and reaching out to underserved and marginalised groups; � ICC activates and reinforces the social ties between people; � ICC is goal-oriented in nature, supporting people''s priorities and life goals; � ICC strengthens communities by tackling social, economic and environmental determinants of health; � ICC comes down to a continuous process of wholesystem innovation; � ICC requires a social movement to make it a reality. • A systems storyline to fully acknowledge the heterogeneity of ICC and to map and understand the many drivers and strategies behind the various models and practices that exist in integrated community care. doi = 10.5334/ijic.5553 id = cord-022130-jckfzaf0 author = Walsh, Patrick F. title = Intelligence and Stakeholders date = 2018-09-19 keywords = Health; Security; bio; community; eye; intelligence; risk; surveillance; threat summary = doi = 10.1057/978-1-137-51700-5_7 id = cord-283960-vfnt2o20 author = Walsh, Sharon L. title = The HEALing (Helping to End Addiction Long-term (SM)) Communities Study: Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Trial at the Community Level to Reduce Opioid Overdose Deaths through Implementation of an Integrated Set of Evidence-based Practices date = 2020-10-17 keywords = CTH; HCS; Wave; community; opioid summary = title: The HEALing (Helping to End Addiction Long-term (SM)) Communities Study: Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Trial at the Community Level to Reduce Opioid Overdose Deaths through Implementation of an Integrated Set of Evidence-based Practices The primary aim of the HEALing Communities Study (HCS) is to determine the impact of an intervention consisting of community-engaged, data-driven selection, and implementation of an integrated set of evidence-based practices (EBPs) on reducing opioid overdose deaths. One driver of the opioid crisis is the recognized gap between the number of individuals who could benefit from evidence-based treatment and prevention interventions to reduce opioid misuse, opioid use disorder (OUD) and associated medical consequences, including overdose deaths, versus those engaged in care. The primary aim of the HEALing Communities Study (HCS) is to evaluate the effectiveness of a community-engaged intervention on reducing opioid overdose fatalities by deploying an integrated set of EBPs through a community-driven process in an array of settings, including behavioral health, healthcare and criminal justice to reach populations vulnerable to opioid overdose. doi = 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108335 id = cord-320515-ywwq6lrb author = Wenisch, Christoph title = Außerhalb des Krankenhauses erworbene Pneumonie (community acquired pneumonia CAP) date = 2006 keywords = Patienten; Pneumonie; community summary = Als CAP (community acquired pneumonia) bezeichnet man die außerhalb des Krankenhauses erworbene Pneumonie. Bei der Behandlung ambulanter Patienten nach Kontakt mit Notfallambulanzen oder niedergelassenen Ärzten sind die Versagensraten deutlich niedriger: In einer Arbeit [30] wurde lediglich eine 2,2%ige Hospitalisierungsrate innerhalb von 3 Wochen nach einer initialen Visite in einer Notfallambulanz angegeben. In einer weiteren großen prospektiven Studie über außerhalb des Krankenhauses erworbenen Pneumonien wurde Therapieversagen definiert als entweder fehlendes Ansprechen oder Verschlechterung klinischer oder radiologischer Zeichen innerhalb von 48 bis 72 Stunden nach Primärtherapie mit oralen Antibiotika, die eine Veränderung der antiinfektiven Therapie oder die Durchführung einer invasiven Abklärung nach sich zogen. Guidelines for the management of adults with community acquired pneumonia: diagnosis, assessment of severity, initial antimicrobial therapy and prevention Guidelines for the management of adults with community-acquired pneumonia: diagnosis, assessment of severity, antimicrobial therapy, and prevention Guidelines for the management of adults with community-acquired pneumonia: diagnosis, assissment of severity, initial antimicrobial therapy and prevention doi = 10.1007/s11812-006-0013-6 id = cord-317668-cc5oyiwp author = Wieland, Mark L. title = Mayo Clinic Strategies for COVID-19 Community Engagement With Vulnerable Populations date = 2020-06-22 keywords = community summary = doi = 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.05.041 id = cord-023989-d6c1is5s author = Williams, Richard Allen title = Conclusion and Afterword date = 2020-04-25 keywords = american; black; community summary = The problem of insufficient recruitment of African American students into careers in medicine is often referred to as the medical school "pipeline" problem, which has been highlighted by several incisive publications such as An American Crisis: The Growing Absence of Black Men in Medicine and Science, a book whose lead author was Cato T. This is another example of the public health consequences of violence and police brutality in the black community, leading to a population that may be in need of psychotherapy. One area of focus is on prevention; it is estimated that about twothirds of black maternal deaths are entirely preventable if more attention is paid to socioeconomic determinants of health by eliminating social inequities through the provision of clean drinking water, better housing, improved transportation, and greater access to high-standard healthcare facilities for pre-and postnatal care. National Medical Association seeks to address violence in the African American community. The violence epidemic in the African American community: a call by the National Medical Association for comprehensive reform issues/black-african-american-communities-and-mental-health. doi = 10.1007/978-3-030-41960-8_10 id = cord-355393-ot7hztyk author = Yuan, Peiyan title = Community-based immunization in opportunistic social networks date = 2015-02-15 keywords = community; node summary = More interestingly, we find that high local importance but non-central nodes play a big role in epidemic spreading process, removing them improves the immunization efficiency by 25% to 150% at different scenarios. To this end, we investigate the evolution of community structure in opportunistic social networks, and analyze the effect of community-based immunization strategy on epidemic spreading. We observe that the most efficient immunization strategy on epidemic spreading is to remove nodes with high local importance in communities. Although many random mobility models, such as Random Walk and Random Way Point, have been widely used in opportunistic social networks for evaluating routing performance or even the epidemic dynamics [30, 31] , they cannot reflect the main features of human mobility, including the truncated power-law flights and pause-times, the heterogeneously bounded mobility areas of different nodes, etc. doi = 10.1016/j.physa.2014.10.087 id = cord-271693-7tg21up3 author = Zheng, Fan title = Identifying persistent structures in multiscale ‘omics data date = 2020-10-03 keywords = Fig; Supplementary; community; protein summary = Many different approaches have been devised or applied to detect structures in biological data, including standard clustering, network community detection, and low-dimensional data projection [5] [6] [7] , some of which can be tuned for sensitivity to objects of a certain size or scale (so-called ''resolution parameters'') [8, 9] . We first explored the idea of measuring community persistence via analysis of synthetic datasets [15] in which communities were simulated and embedded in the similarity network at two different scales (Supplementary Fig. 1a; Methods) . Application to protein-protein interaction networks from budding yeast and human found that HiDeF captured knowledge in GO more significantly than previous pipelines proposed for this task, including the NeXO approach to hierarchical community detection [23] and standard hierarchical clustering of pairwise protein distances calculated by three recent network embedding approaches [24] [25] [26] (Fig. 3a, Fig. 7) . doi = 10.1101/2020.06.16.151555 id = cord-017315-3mxkfvvu author = de Leeuw, Evelyne title = From Urban Projects to Healthy City Policies date = 2016-09-08 keywords = Cities; Health; action; community; development; government; local; policy summary = This chapter argues that to put health high on local social and political agendas necessarily means to transcend project-based work, and move into lasting programme and policy development. • To reorient health services towards a broader, participatory, and health-promoting position in society at any level • To create supportive social, economic, natural, and built environments to create and sustain health promotion and to address the determinants of health equitably • To invest in personal skills and community action to drive and complement these actions • To build healthy public policy, recognizing that health is created across many sectors in society that all have the potential to enhance institutional, community, and personal health Building on a strong foundation in the various political statements on Healthy Cities over the years and most recently in the Athens Declaration (Tsouros 2015) , local governments work with diverse stakeholders from the public and civil society sectors to develop such policies. doi = 10.1007/978-1-4939-6694-3_17 id = cord-002774-tpqsjjet author = nan title = Section II: Poster Sessions date = 2017-12-01 keywords = AIDS; Canada; Centre; City; Community; HCV; HIV; Health; India; MSM; National; New; Toronto; Vancouver; York; access; african; age; care; child; datum; drug; group; high; introduction; method; need; patient; population; poster; program; research; result; service; session; social; study; urban; woman; year summary = Results: The CHIP Framework The CHIP framework aims to improve the health and wellness of the urban communities served by St. Josephs Health Centre through four intersecting pillars: • Raising Community Voices provides an infrastructure and process that supports community stakeholder input into health care service planning, decision-making, and delivery by the hospital and across the continuum of care; • Sharing Reciprocal Capacity promotes healthy communities through the sharing of our intellectual and physical capacity with our community partners; • Cultivating Integration Initiatives facilitates vertical, horizontal, and intersectoral integration initiatives in support of community-identified needs and gaps; and • Facilitating Healthy Exchange develops best practices in community integration through community-based research, and facilitates community voice in informing public policy. doi = 10.1093/jurban/jti137