id author title date pages extension mime words sentences flesch summary cache txt cord-141541-g5pt10yn McLachlan, Scott Bluetooth Smartphone Apps: Are they the most private and effective solution for COVID-19 contact tracing? 2020-05-08 .txt text/plain 10541 454 51 Figure 3 presents the typical CTA use-case described by many authors, in which: (a) the primary CTA user and others install and register the app on their smartphones; (b) as they move around and come into close physical contact with each other, their smartphones identify other smartphones and a contact trace is recorded; (c) an upload of some information passes from the CTA on the users device, via their provider's core network (cellular or ISP); (d) from their provider, via the internet, to the HA servers; and (e) alerts and updates can also be sent from the HA server to individuals, or every user. Some variation is observed in the literature claiming to present privacy-preserving methods regarding: (i) the type of information passed from the CTA to the health authority server; and (ii) whether the data passes directly to the HA server or, as with the Singapore (TraceTogether), Australian (COVIDSafe) and proposed Apple/Google collaboration examples, into a thirdparty supplier's international datacentre cloud network (i.e. Google, Apple or Amazon Web Services) before being received by the HA server (Maddocks, 2020) . ./cache/cord-141541-g5pt10yn.txt ./txt/cord-141541-g5pt10yn.txt