Carrel name: keyword-control-cord Creating study carrel named keyword-control-cord Initializing database file: cache/cord-000721-leedutqo.json key: cord-000721-leedutqo authors: Nawaz, Sameena; Allen, David J.; Aladin, Farah; Gallimore, Christopher; Iturriza-Gómara, Miren title: Human Bocaviruses Are Not Significantly Associated with Gastroenteritis: Results of Retesting Archive DNA from a Case Control Study in the UK date: 2012-07-24 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041346 sha: doc_id: 721 cord_uid: leedutqo file: cache/cord-002426-5e1xn7kj.json key: cord-002426-5e1xn7kj authors: Falcón-Lezama, Jorge Abelardo; Santos-Luna, René; Román-Pérez, Susana; Martínez-Vega, Ruth Aralí; Herrera-Valdez, Marco Arieli; Kuri-Morales, Ángel Fernando; Adams, Ben; Kuri-Morales, Pablo Antonio; López-Cervantes, Malaquías; Ramos-Castañeda, José title: Analysis of spatial mobility in subjects from a Dengue endemic urban locality in Morelos State, Mexico date: 2017-02-22 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172313 sha: doc_id: 2426 cord_uid: 5e1xn7kj file: cache/cord-003602-wtestt8i.json key: cord-003602-wtestt8i authors: Jung, Eunok; de los Reyes V, Aurelio A.; Pumares, Kurt Jan A.; Kim, Yangjin title: Strategies in regulating glioblastoma signaling pathways and anti-invasion therapy date: 2019-04-22 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215547 sha: doc_id: 3602 cord_uid: wtestt8i file: cache/cord-016006-7yas4yqt.json key: cord-016006-7yas4yqt authors: Yoshikawa, Minako Jen title: Dengue and chikungunya virus infection in Southeast Asia: active governmental intervention in Republic of Singapore date: 2010-06-18 journal: Current Topics of Infectious Diseases in Japan and Asia DOI: 10.1007/978-4-431-53875-2_4 sha: doc_id: 16006 cord_uid: 7yas4yqt file: cache/cord-018213-w6sh9f3h.json key: cord-018213-w6sh9f3h authors: Xue, Lan; Zeng, Guang title: China’s Institutional Mechanisms for Influenza A (H1N1) Prevention and Control date: 2018-11-24 journal: A Comprehensive Evaluation on Emergency Response in China DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0644-0_4 sha: doc_id: 18213 cord_uid: w6sh9f3h file: cache/cord-003640-psnec2qp.json key: cord-003640-psnec2qp authors: Mbareche, Hamza; Veillette, Marc; Pilote, Jonathan; Létourneau, Valérie; Duchaine, Caroline title: Bioaerosols Play a Major Role in the Nasopharyngeal Microbiota Content in Agricultural Environment date: 2019-04-16 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16081375 sha: doc_id: 3640 cord_uid: psnec2qp file: cache/cord-011501-o9hmzaxm.json key: cord-011501-o9hmzaxm authors: Kühnel, Martina B; Marchioro, Linda; Deffner, Veronika; Bausewein, Claudia; Seidl, Hildegard; Siebert, Sarah; Fegg, Martin title: How short is too short? A randomised controlled trial evaluating short-term existential behavioural therapy for informal caregivers of palliative patients date: 2020-04-29 journal: Palliat Med DOI: 10.1177/0269216320911595 sha: doc_id: 11501 cord_uid: o9hmzaxm file: cache/cord-006391-esnsa4u5.json key: cord-006391-esnsa4u5 authors: nan title: Abstracts 5(th) Tripartite Meeting Salzburg/Austria, September 9–11,1982 date: 1982 journal: Langenbecks Arch Chir DOI: 10.1007/bf01279099 sha: doc_id: 6391 cord_uid: esnsa4u5 file: cache/cord-014540-27hnlu5v.json key: cord-014540-27hnlu5v authors: Sutthiruk, Nantanit; Botti, Mari; Considine, Julie; Driscoll, Andrea; Hutchinson, Ana; Malathum, Kumthorn; Cucunawangsih, Cucunawangsih; Wiwing, Veronica; Puspitasari, Vivien; Shanmugakani, Rathina Kumar; Akeda, Yukihiro; Kodera, Takuya; Santanirand, Pitak; Tomono, Kazunori; Yamanaka, Takayuki; Moriuchi, Hiroyuki; Kitajima, Hiroyuki; Horikoshi, Yuho; Lavrinenko, Alyona; Azizov, Ilya; Tabriz, Nurlan; Kozhamuratov, Margulan; Serbo, Yekatherine; Yang, Dahae; Lee, Woonhyoung; Bae, Il Kwon; Lee, Jae Hyun; Lee, Hyukmin; Kim, Jung Ok; Jeong, Seok Hoon; Lee, Kyungwon; Peremalo, Thiba; Madhavan, Priya; Hamzah, Sharina; Than, Leslie; Wong, Eng Hwa; Desa, Mohd Nasir Mohd; Ng, Kee Peng; Geronimo, Marionne; Tayzon, Maria Fe; Maño, Maria Jesusa; Chow, Angela; Hon, Pei-Yun; Win, Mar-Kyaw; Ang, Brenda; Leo, Yee-Sin; Chow, Angela; Hon, Pei-Yun; See, Tina; Ang, Brenda; Marin, Rocio Alvarez; de Sousa, Marta Aires; Kieffer, Nicolas; Nordmann, Patrice; Poirel, Laurent; Laochareonsuk, Wison; Petyu, Sireekul; Wanasitchaiwat, Pawin; Thana, Sutasinee; Bunyaphongphan, Chollathip; Boonsomsuk, Woranan; Maneepongpermpoon, Pakpoom; Jamulitrat, Silom; Sureshkumar, Dorairajan; Supraja, Kalyanaraman; Sharmila, Soundararajan; Cucunawangsih, Cucunawangsih; Setiawan, Benny; Lumbuun, Nicolaski; Nakayama, Haruo; Ota, Toshiko; Shirane, Naoko; Matuoka, Chikako; Kodama, Kentaro; Ohtsuka, Masanobu; Bacolcol, Silverose Ann Andales; Velmonte, Melecia; Alde, Allan; Chavez, Keithleen; Esteban, Arlene Joy; Lee, Aisa Jensen; Hsieh, Tai-Chin; Shio-ShinJean; Huang, Huey-Jen; Huang, Shu-Ju; Huang, Yu-Huan; Cheng, Pei-Chen; Yu, Su-Fang; Tsao, Shih-Ming; Lee, Yuan-Ti; Li, Chien-Feng; Lu, Min-Chi; Pruetpongpun, Nattapol; Khawcharoenporn, Thana; Damronglerd, Pansachee; Suwantarat, Nuntra; Apisarnthanarak, Anucha; Rutjanawech, Sasinuch; Cushinotto, Lisa; McBride, Patty; Williams, Harding; Liu, Hans; Hang, Phan Thi; Anh, Dinh Pham Phuong; Le, Ngai; Khu, Dung; Nguyen, Lam; Castillo, Roel Beltran; Sureshkumar, Dorairajan; Gopalakrishnan, Ram; Ramasubramanian, Venkatasubramanian; Sreevidya, Subramanian; Jayapradha, Ranganathan; Umetsu, Atsushi; Noda, Tetsuhiro; Hashimoto, Kenyuu; Hayashi, Akihiro; Kabashima, Mikie; Jadczak, Ursula; Elvelund, Knut; Johnsen, Marit; Borgen, Bente; Lingaas, Egil; Mao, Chia-Hua; Chang, Fu-Chieh; Liu, Chang-Pan; Chao, Ru-Hui; Chang, Fu-chieh; Liu, Chang-pan; Pawapotako, Junpen; Prasertpan, Chadanan; Malaihuan, Wantanee; Uirungroj, Phisit; Prasertpan, Chadanan; Saenjum, Chalermpong; Ouirungrog, Teerapat; Uirungroj, Phisit; Borrell, Sue; Bass, Pauline; Worth, Leon; Xian-li, Zhao; Xiao-long, Li; Xue-hua, Yao; Wei, Ren; Zeng, Zhang Xia; Kong, Man Ying; Lai, Christopher Koon Chi; Lee, Suet Yi; Tsang, Ngai Chong; O’Donoghue, M. 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Jay; Vergara, Justine; Millan, Maria Lourdes; Kwek, Marion; Acuin, Jose Lito; Lee, Aisa Jensen; Velmonte, Melecia A.; Bacolcol, Silverose Ann A.; Alde, Allan; Chavez, Keitleen; Esteban, Arlene Joy; Ting, Ching-I; Dissayasriroj, Sunisa; Chinniah, Terrence Rohan; Prabu, Kavitha; Ahmad, Rashidah; Magon, Susylawathi; DiniSuhaimi, Jauharatud; Mirasin, Aizzuddin; Morni, Nurul; Chu, Boon; Samsuddin, Azizah; Ahmad, Aliyah; Sidek, Amalina; Ajis, Noraini; AbuBakar, Amalina; Shafiee, Amanie; Safar, Julaini; Yan, Ng Po; Annie, Leung; Ling, Fung Yuk; Edna, Lau; Kristine, Luk; Shinomiya, Satoshi; Yamamoto, Kumiko; Kjiwara, Kayoko; Yamaguchi, Mitsuhiro; Chow, Angela; Tin, Grace; Zhang, Wei; Hon, Pei-Yun; Poh, Bee-Fong; Marimuthu, Kalisvar; Ang, Brenda; Chan, Ming-Chin; Wang, Chih-Chien; Huang, Shu-Ju; Huang, Huey-Jen; Yu, Su-Fang; Huang, Huan-Yu; Cheng, Pei-Chen; Li, Jian-Feng; Lee, Yuan-Ti; Lai, Chiung-Ling; Lu, Min-Chi; Kosol, Sajeerat; Sakolwirat, Wantana; Paepong, Patchanee; Jansanga, Sawalee; Jaisamoot, Pattarin; Thongnuanual, Nuttha; Srithong, Chittima; Somsakul, Somporn; Malathum, Kumthorn; Plongpunth, Sutima; Punpop, Mukkapon; Malathum, Porntip; Malathum, Kumthorn; Thanomphan, Sutthiphan; Wongsaen, Ratchanee; Peautiwat, Kulada; boon kirdram, Nattawipa; Picheansathian, Wilawan; Klunklin, Pimpaporn; Samethadka, Geetha; Suzuki, Naoko; Asada, Hitomi; Katayama, Masao; Komano, Atsushi; Sato, Akihiro; Nakamura, Itaru; Watanabe, Hidehiro; Matsumoto, Tetsuya; Seo, Hye Kyung; Hwang, Joo-Hee; Shin, Myoung Jin; Kim, Su Young; Kim, Eu Suk; Song, Kyoung-Ho; Kim, Hong Bin; Un, Lai-Si; Vong, Choi-Ian; Flor, Jose Paulo; Añonuevo, Nicolo Andrei; Bautista, Marko; De Roxas, V. James; Vergara, Justine; Kwek, Marion; Koh, Jocelyn; Agustinus, Sherly; Hassan, Rozita Bte Abu; Thinn, Yin Phyu; Ng, Benjamin; Tun, Soe Pyae; Ha, Su Mon Thi; Xiaoting, Xue; Li, Lin; Chuang, Leyland; Niroshika, Attanayaka Mudiyanselage Chulani; Perera, Kaluarachchige Anoma Kaluarachchi; Fernando, Dimingo Kankanamalage Diana Grace; Hemamala, Bodhipakshage Rohini; Yeh, Chiu-yin; Chao, Huwi-chun; Yang, Hui-Chun; Chiu, Hsiang-Ju; Shih, Ya-Ling; Chien, Yu-Shan; Lin, Wan-Yi; Pan, Chia-Yun; Chang, Ying-Yun; Yea, Chiu-Yuch; Chu, Ming-Hsien; Lee, Li-Chu; Chiu, Hsiang-Ju; Shih, Ya-Ling; Yang, Hui-Chun; Yu-Hsiu, Lin; Siao-Pei, Guo; Pak-On, Leung; Mei-Fe, Sie; Jyh-Jou, Chen; Yu-Hsiu, Lin; Yong-Yuan, Chang; Kuo, Shu-Yuan; Lin, Yu-Hsiu; Zhang, Ji-Sheng; Leung, Pak-On; Sie, Mei-Fe; Chen, Jyh-Jou; Chen, Yan-Ru; Lin, Yu-Hsiu; Chen, Ying-Ling; Taou, Chi-Fen; Chen, Hsiao-Shan; Tang, Hung-Jen; Chen, Shin Yu; Chen, Yin Yin; Der Wang, Fu; Shih, Tzu-Ping; Chen, Chin-Yu; Chen, Su-Jung; Wu, Mei-chi; Yang, Wan-ju; Chou, Mei-ling; Yu, Man-Ling; Li, Li-Chu; Chu, Cheng-Wei; Tsou, Wen-Hao; Wu, Wen-Chih; Cheng, Wen-Chi; Sun, Cho-Ching; Shih, Tzu-Ping; Chen, Chin-Yu; Lu, Shu-Hua; Chen, Su-Jung; Yang, Hsin-Ling; Lu, Cheng-Yu; Yu, Man-Ling; Li, Li-Chu; Chu, Cheng-Wei; Tsou, Wen-Hao; Wu, Wen-Chih; Cheng, Wen-Chi; Sun, Cho-Ching; Hirunprapakorn, Nitchawan; Malathum, Kumthorn; Apivanich, Sirilux; Pornmee, Ttipakorn; Beowsomboon, Chonnikarnt; Rajborirug, Songyos; Pruekrattananapa, Yada; Sangsuwan, Tharntip; Jamulitrat, Silom; Kumkoom, Itthaporn; Kasatpibal, Nongyao; Chitreecheur, Jittaporn; Kasatpibal, Nongyao; Whitney, JoAnne D.; Saokaew, Surasak; Kengkla, Kirati; Heitkemper, Margaret M.; Apisarnthanarak, Anucha; Muntajit, Thanomvong; Apivanich, Siriluk; Malathum, Kumthorn; Somsakul, Somporn; Phan, Hang Thi; Dinh, Anh Pham Phuong; Nguyen, Tuyet Thi Kim title: Abstracts from the 8th International Congress of the Asia Pacific Society of Infection Control (APSIC): Bangkok, Thailand. 12-15 February 2017 date: 2017-02-22 journal: Antimicrob Resist Infect Control DOI: 10.1186/s13756-017-0176-1 sha: doc_id: 14540 cord_uid: 27hnlu5v file: cache/cord-016171-17ut32bu.json key: cord-016171-17ut32bu authors: Lane, J. Michael; Summer, Lila title: Smallpox as a Weapon for Bioterrorism date: 2009 journal: Bioterrorism and Infectious Agents: A New Dilemma for the 21st Century DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-1266-4_5 sha: doc_id: 16171 cord_uid: 17ut32bu file: cache/cord-020941-1qwbkg9o.json key: cord-020941-1qwbkg9o authors: HODDLE, MARK S. title: Biological Control of Vertebrate Pests date: 2007-09-02 journal: Handbook of Biological Control DOI: 10.1016/b978-012257305-7/50085-0 sha: doc_id: 20941 cord_uid: 1qwbkg9o file: cache/cord-021571-7kbq0v9w.json key: cord-021571-7kbq0v9w authors: Heath, Joan A.; Zerr, Danielle M. title: Infections Acquired in the Nursery: Epidemiology and Control date: 2009-05-19 journal: Infectious Diseases of the Fetus and Newborn Infant DOI: 10.1016/b0-72-160537-0/50037-2 sha: doc_id: 21571 cord_uid: 7kbq0v9w file: cache/cord-119576-8qp8o2g2.json key: cord-119576-8qp8o2g2 authors: Xu, Liyan; Zhang, Hongmou; Deng, Yuqiao; Wang, Keli; Li, Fu; Lu, Qing; Yin, Jie; Di, Qian; Liu, Tao; Yin, Hang; Zhang, Zijiao; Du, Qingyang; Yu, Hongbin; Liu, Aihan; Jiang, Hezhishi; Guo, Jing; Yuan, Xiumei; Zhang, Yun; Liu, Liu; Liu, Yu title: Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Antiepidemic Policies and Global Situation Assessment of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-16 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 119576 cord_uid: 8qp8o2g2 file: cache/cord-024274-jps1j60a.json key: cord-024274-jps1j60a authors: Miranda, Mary Elizabeth G.; Miranda, Noel Lee J. title: Rabies Prevention in Asia: Institutionalizing Implementation Capacities date: 2020-05-05 journal: Rabies and Rabies Vaccines DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-21084-7_6 sha: doc_id: 24274 cord_uid: jps1j60a file: cache/cord-032542-zisirutu.json key: cord-032542-zisirutu authors: Mikalsen, Marius; Stray, Viktoria; Moe, Nils Brede; Backer, Idun title: Shifting Conceptualization of Control in Agile Transformations date: 2020-08-18 journal: Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming - Workshops DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-58858-8_18 sha: doc_id: 32542 cord_uid: zisirutu file: cache/cord-134344-sxno0tfd.json key: cord-134344-sxno0tfd authors: Gondim, Joao A. M.; Machado, Larissa title: Optimal quarantine strategies for the COVID-19 pandemic in a population with a discrete age structure date: 2020-05-19 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 134344 cord_uid: sxno0tfd file: cache/cord-022659-chwk2bs4.json key: cord-022659-chwk2bs4 authors: nan title: Abstracts: Poster session date: 2004-10-08 journal: Ann Neurol DOI: 10.1002/ana.410320224 sha: doc_id: 22659 cord_uid: chwk2bs4 file: cache/cord-146214-lp78l776.json key: cord-146214-lp78l776 authors: Leal, Laura; Lauriere, Mathieu; Lehalle, Charles-Albert title: Learning a functional control for high-frequency finance date: 2020-06-17 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 146214 cord_uid: lp78l776 file: cache/cord-155440-7l8tatwq.json key: cord-155440-7l8tatwq authors: Malinovskaya, Anna; Otto, Philipp title: Online network monitoring date: 2020-10-19 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 155440 cord_uid: 7l8tatwq file: cache/cord-190242-sb0mjhzm.json key: cord-190242-sb0mjhzm authors: Moore, Stephen E.; Okyere, Eric title: Controlling the Transmission Dynamics of COVID-19 date: 2020-03-31 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 190242 cord_uid: sb0mjhzm file: cache/cord-260693-8mfuwx8l.json key: cord-260693-8mfuwx8l authors: Seelig, Frederik; Bezerra, Haroldo; Cameron, Mary; Hii, Jeffrey; Hiscox, Alexandra; Irish, Seth; Jones, Robert T.; Lang, Trudie; Lindsay, Steven W.; Lowe, Rachel; Nyoni, Tanaka Manikidza; Power, Grace M.; Quintero, Juliana; Stewart-Ibarra, Anna M.; Tusting, Lucy S.; Tytheridge, Scott; Logan, James G. title: The COVID-19 pandemic should not derail global vector control efforts date: 2020-08-31 journal: PLoS Negl Trop Dis DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008606 sha: doc_id: 260693 cord_uid: 8mfuwx8l file: cache/cord-259673-z7kvf8n8.json key: cord-259673-z7kvf8n8 authors: Rogerson, Stephen J.; Beeson, James G.; Laman, Moses; Poespoprodjo, Jeanne Rini; William, Timothy; Simpson, Julie A.; Price, Ric N. title: Identifying and combating the impacts of COVID-19 on malaria date: 2020-07-30 journal: BMC Med DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01710-x sha: doc_id: 259673 cord_uid: z7kvf8n8 file: cache/cord-225429-pz9lsaw6.json key: cord-225429-pz9lsaw6 authors: Rodrigues, Helena Sofia title: Optimal Control and Numerical Optimization Applied to Epidemiological Models date: 2014-01-29 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 225429 cord_uid: pz9lsaw6 file: cache/cord-266342-9iql8yib.json key: cord-266342-9iql8yib authors: Kokkoris, Michail D.; Stavrova, Olga title: Staying on track in turbulent times: Trait self-control and goal pursuit during self-quarantine date: 2021-02-15 journal: Pers Individ Dif DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110454 sha: doc_id: 266342 cord_uid: 9iql8yib file: cache/cord-267416-4dzqzwx0.json key: cord-267416-4dzqzwx0 authors: Bolzoni, Luca; Bonacini, Elena; Soresina, Cinzia; Groppi, Maria title: Time-optimal control strategies in SIR epidemic models date: 2017-10-31 journal: Mathematical Biosciences DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2017.07.011 sha: doc_id: 267416 cord_uid: 4dzqzwx0 file: cache/cord-295019-8tf8ah6g.json key: cord-295019-8tf8ah6g authors: Weber, Wilfried; Fussenegger, Martin title: Emerging biomedical applications of synthetic biology date: 2011-11-29 journal: Nat Rev Genet DOI: 10.1038/nrg3094 sha: doc_id: 295019 cord_uid: 8tf8ah6g file: cache/cord-266386-932nb2z9.json key: cord-266386-932nb2z9 authors: Oh, Hyang Soon; Uhm, Dong Choon title: Current Status of Infection Prevention and Control Programs for Emergency Medical Personnel in the Republic of Korea date: 2015-11-25 journal: J Prev Med Public Health DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.15.058 sha: doc_id: 266386 cord_uid: 932nb2z9 file: cache/cord-268959-wh28s0ws.json key: cord-268959-wh28s0ws authors: Gao, Da-peng; Huang, Nan-jing title: Optimal control analysis of a tuberculosis model()() date: 2017-12-29 journal: Appl Math Model DOI: 10.1016/j.apm.2017.12.027 sha: doc_id: 268959 cord_uid: wh28s0ws file: cache/cord-275997-4ibeidyw.json key: cord-275997-4ibeidyw authors: Goldrick, Barbara A. title: The practice of infection control and applied epidemiology: A historical perspective date: 2005-10-31 journal: Am J Infect Control DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2005.04.250 sha: doc_id: 275997 cord_uid: 4ibeidyw file: cache/cord-293041-7ndp05ru.json key: cord-293041-7ndp05ru authors: Xu, Pengbo; Wu, Di; Chen, Yuqin; Wang, Ziwei; Xiao, Wei title: The Effect of Response Inhibition Training on Risky Decision-Making Task Performance date: 2020-07-24 journal: Front Psychol DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01806 sha: doc_id: 293041 cord_uid: 7ndp05ru file: cache/cord-299359-s8j78naz.json key: cord-299359-s8j78naz authors: Sundaram, Maria E.; McClure, David L.; VanWormer, Jeffrey J.; Friedrich, Thomas C.; Meece, Jennifer K.; Belongia, Edward A. title: Influenza Vaccination Is Not Associated With Detection of Noninfluenza Respiratory Viruses in Seasonal Studies of Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness date: 2013-09-15 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/cit379 sha: doc_id: 299359 cord_uid: s8j78naz file: cache/cord-306100-dkbujz83.json key: cord-306100-dkbujz83 authors: Chughtai, Abrar A.; 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China date: 2012-11-01 journal: Infect Dis Poverty DOI: 10.1186/2049-9957-1-8 sha: doc_id: 342137 cord_uid: l67pvf73 file: cache/cord-341434-2xrdv92m.json key: cord-341434-2xrdv92m authors: Nowland, Megan H.; Brammer, David W.; Garcia, Alexis; Rush, Howard G. title: Biology and Diseases of Rabbits date: 2015-07-10 journal: Laboratory Animal Medicine DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-409527-4.00010-9 sha: doc_id: 341434 cord_uid: 2xrdv92m file: cache/cord-337913-eu2gn4bl.json key: cord-337913-eu2gn4bl authors: Stojanov, Ana; Bering, Jesse M.; Halberstadt, Jamin title: Does Perceived Lack of Control Lead to Conspiracy Theory Beliefs? Findings from an online MTurk sample date: 2020-08-17 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237771 sha: doc_id: 337913 cord_uid: eu2gn4bl file: cache/cord-276758-k2imddzr.json key: cord-276758-k2imddzr authors: Siegel, Jane D.; Rhinehart, Emily; Jackson, Marguerite; Chiarello, Linda title: 2007 Guideline for Isolation Precautions: Preventing Transmission of Infectious Agents in Health Care Settings date: 2007-12-07 journal: Am J Infect Control DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2007.10.007 sha: doc_id: 276758 cord_uid: k2imddzr file: cache/cord-349159-rndtf508.json key: cord-349159-rndtf508 authors: Brosseau, Lisa M; Rosen, Jonathan; Harrison, Robert title: Selecting Controls for Minimizing SARS-CoV-2 Aerosol Transmission in Workplaces and Conserving Respiratory Protective Equipment Supplies date: 2020-08-21 journal: Ann Work Expo Health DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxaa083 sha: doc_id: 349159 cord_uid: rndtf508 file: cache/cord-325300-wawui0fd.json key: cord-325300-wawui0fd authors: Tulchinsky, Theodore H.; Varavikova, Elena A. title: 4 Communicable Diseases date: 2000-12-31 journal: The New Public Health DOI: 10.1016/b978-012703350-1/50006-1 sha: doc_id: 325300 cord_uid: wawui0fd file: cache/cord-015021-pol2qm74.json key: cord-015021-pol2qm74 authors: nan title: Third International Congress on the Immune Consequences of Trauma, Shock and Sepsis —Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches date: 1994 journal: Intensive Care Med DOI: 10.1007/bf02258437 sha: doc_id: 15021 cord_uid: pol2qm74 file: cache/cord-005814-ak5pq312.json key: cord-005814-ak5pq312 authors: nan title: 8th European Congress of Intensive Care Medicine Athens - Greece, October 18–22, 1995 Abstracts date: 1995 journal: Intensive Care Med DOI: 10.1007/bf02426401 sha: doc_id: 5814 cord_uid: ak5pq312 file: cache/cord-015394-uj7fe5y6.json key: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6 authors: nan title: Scientific Abstracts date: 2008-12-23 journal: Reprod Sci DOI: 10.1177/19337191080150020102 sha: doc_id: 15394 cord_uid: uj7fe5y6 file: cache/cord-022940-atbjwpo5.json key: cord-022940-atbjwpo5 authors: nan title: Poster Sessions date: 2016-09-07 journal: FEBS J DOI: 10.1111/febs.13808 sha: doc_id: 22940 cord_uid: atbjwpo5 Reading metadata file and updating bibliogrpahics === updating bibliographic database Building study carrel named keyword-control-cord === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260693-8mfuwx8l author: Seelig, Frederik title: The COVID-19 pandemic should not derail global vector control efforts date: 2020-08-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260693-8mfuwx8l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260693-8mfuwx8l.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-260693-8mfuwx8l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-032542-zisirutu author: Mikalsen, Marius title: Shifting Conceptualization of Control in Agile Transformations date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-032542-zisirutu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-032542-zisirutu.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-032542-zisirutu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-134344-sxno0tfd author: Gondim, Joao A. M. title: Optimal quarantine strategies for the COVID-19 pandemic in a population with a discrete age structure date: 2020-05-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-134344-sxno0tfd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-134344-sxno0tfd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-134344-sxno0tfd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-000721-leedutqo author: Nawaz, Sameena title: Human Bocaviruses Are Not Significantly Associated with Gastroenteritis: Results of Retesting Archive DNA from a Case Control Study in the UK date: 2012-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-000721-leedutqo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-000721-leedutqo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-000721-leedutqo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266342-9iql8yib author: Kokkoris, Michail D. title: Staying on track in turbulent times: Trait self-control and goal pursuit during self-quarantine date: 2021-02-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266342-9iql8yib.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266342-9iql8yib.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-266342-9iql8yib.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295407-aq011b97 author: Pettus, Katherine title: Availability of Internationally Controlled Essential Medicines in the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295407-aq011b97.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295407-aq011b97.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-295407-aq011b97.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336409-crkcxpw0 author: Ganasegeran, Kurubaran title: COVID-19 in Malaysia: Crucial measures in critical times date: 2020-08-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336409-crkcxpw0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336409-crkcxpw0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-336409-crkcxpw0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-190242-sb0mjhzm author: Moore, Stephen E. title: Controlling the Transmission Dynamics of COVID-19 date: 2020-03-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-190242-sb0mjhzm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-190242-sb0mjhzm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-190242-sb0mjhzm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259673-z7kvf8n8 author: Rogerson, Stephen J. title: Identifying and combating the impacts of COVID-19 on malaria date: 2020-07-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259673-z7kvf8n8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259673-z7kvf8n8.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 24 resourceName b'cord-259673-z7kvf8n8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306100-dkbujz83 author: Chughtai, Abrar A. title: Policies on the use of respiratory protection for hospital health workers to protect from coronavirus disease (COVID-19) date: 2020-03-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306100-dkbujz83.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306100-dkbujz83.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-306100-dkbujz83.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299359-s8j78naz author: Sundaram, Maria E. title: Influenza Vaccination Is Not Associated With Detection of Noninfluenza Respiratory Viruses in Seasonal Studies of Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness date: 2013-09-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299359-s8j78naz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299359-s8j78naz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-299359-s8j78naz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309705-el5rembl author: Dantés, Héctor Gómez title: Prevention and control of Aedes transmitted infections in the post-pandemic scenario of COVID-19: challenges and opportunities for the region of the Americas date: 2020-08-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309705-el5rembl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309705-el5rembl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-309705-el5rembl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334583-825kmicf author: Bonyah, Ebenezer title: Optimal control application to an Ebola model date: 2016-03-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334583-825kmicf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334583-825kmicf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-334583-825kmicf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317864-44knig6g author: Thacker, S.B. title: Centers for Disease Control date: 2008-08-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317864-44knig6g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317864-44knig6g.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-317864-44knig6g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266386-932nb2z9 author: Oh, Hyang Soon title: Current Status of Infection Prevention and Control Programs for Emergency Medical Personnel in the Republic of Korea date: 2015-11-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266386-932nb2z9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266386-932nb2z9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-266386-932nb2z9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-016006-7yas4yqt author: Yoshikawa, Minako Jen title: Dengue and chikungunya virus infection in Southeast Asia: active governmental intervention in Republic of Singapore date: 2010-06-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-016006-7yas4yqt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-016006-7yas4yqt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-016006-7yas4yqt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305207-fgvbrg8d author: Ohara, Hiroshi title: Fact-finding Survey of Nosocomial Infection Control in Hospitals in Kathmandu, Nepal—A Basis for Improvement date: 2013-06-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305207-fgvbrg8d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305207-fgvbrg8d.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-305207-fgvbrg8d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-011501-o9hmzaxm author: Kühnel, Martina B title: How short is too short? A randomised controlled trial evaluating short-term existential behavioural therapy for informal caregivers of palliative patients date: 2020-04-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-011501-o9hmzaxm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-011501-o9hmzaxm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-011501-o9hmzaxm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269363-drjj705k author: Nenchev, Vladislav title: Optimal quarantine control of an infectious outbreak date: 2020-07-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269363-drjj705k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269363-drjj705k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-269363-drjj705k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281635-a6ia8kxf author: Bellinzoni, R. C. title: Efficacy of an inactivated oil-adjuvanted rotavirus vaccine in the control of calf diarrhoea in beef herds in Argentina date: 1989-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281635-a6ia8kxf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281635-a6ia8kxf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-281635-a6ia8kxf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-155440-7l8tatwq author: Malinovskaya, Anna title: Online network monitoring date: 2020-10-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-155440-7l8tatwq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-155440-7l8tatwq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-155440-7l8tatwq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307946-1olapsmv author: Xu, Zhijie title: Primary Care Practitioners’ Barriers to and Experience of COVID-19 Epidemic Control in China: a Qualitative Study date: 2020-08-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307946-1olapsmv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307946-1olapsmv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-307946-1olapsmv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-002426-5e1xn7kj author: Falcón-Lezama, Jorge Abelardo title: Analysis of spatial mobility in subjects from a Dengue endemic urban locality in Morelos State, Mexico date: 2017-02-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-002426-5e1xn7kj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-002426-5e1xn7kj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-002426-5e1xn7kj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-024274-jps1j60a author: Miranda, Mary Elizabeth G. title: Rabies Prevention in Asia: Institutionalizing Implementation Capacities date: 2020-05-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-024274-jps1j60a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-024274-jps1j60a.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-024274-jps1j60a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268959-wh28s0ws author: Gao, Da-peng title: Optimal control analysis of a tuberculosis model()() date: 2017-12-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268959-wh28s0ws.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268959-wh28s0ws.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-268959-wh28s0ws.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320262-9zxgaprl author: Asamoah, Joshua Kiddy K. title: Global stability and cost-effectiveness analysis of COVID-19 considering the impact of the environment:using data from Ghana date: 2020-07-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320262-9zxgaprl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320262-9zxgaprl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-320262-9zxgaprl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312552-udky2ko7 author: Fouque, Florence title: Introduction to a Landscape Analysis of Multisectoral Approaches for Prevention and Control of Infectious and Vector-Borne Diseases date: 2020-10-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312552-udky2ko7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312552-udky2ko7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-312552-udky2ko7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275997-4ibeidyw author: Goldrick, Barbara A. title: The practice of infection control and applied epidemiology: A historical perspective date: 2005-10-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275997-4ibeidyw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275997-4ibeidyw.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-275997-4ibeidyw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293041-7ndp05ru author: Xu, Pengbo title: The Effect of Response Inhibition Training on Risky Decision-Making Task Performance date: 2020-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293041-7ndp05ru.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293041-7ndp05ru.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-293041-7ndp05ru.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303601-o8uk6if2 author: Tsay, Calvin title: Modeling, state estimation, and optimal control for the US COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-07-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303601-o8uk6if2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303601-o8uk6if2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-303601-o8uk6if2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342137-l67pvf73 author: Collins, Charles title: Schistosomiasis control and the health system in P.R. China date: 2012-11-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342137-l67pvf73.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342137-l67pvf73.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-342137-l67pvf73.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284985-q3eiyp7e author: O’Connell, Mary Beth title: Attitudes of Michigan Female College Students about Pharmacists Prescribing Birth Control in a Community Pharmacy date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284985-q3eiyp7e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284985-q3eiyp7e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-284985-q3eiyp7e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267416-4dzqzwx0 author: Bolzoni, Luca title: Time-optimal control strategies in SIR epidemic models date: 2017-10-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267416-4dzqzwx0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267416-4dzqzwx0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-267416-4dzqzwx0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310232-n10ciwy6 author: Cheung, Wing title: Maternal anxiety and feelings of control during labour: A study of Chinese first-time pregnant women date: 2007-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310232-n10ciwy6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310232-n10ciwy6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-310232-n10ciwy6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-018213-w6sh9f3h author: Xue, Lan title: China’s Institutional Mechanisms for Influenza A (H1N1) Prevention and Control date: 2018-11-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-018213-w6sh9f3h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-018213-w6sh9f3h.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-018213-w6sh9f3h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-146214-lp78l776 author: Leal, Laura title: Learning a functional control for high-frequency finance date: 2020-06-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-146214-lp78l776.txt cache: ./cache/cord-146214-lp78l776.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-146214-lp78l776.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323761-9m177ozm author: Wang, Huijie title: Asthma in Pregnancy: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Whole-Course Management, and Medication Safety date: 2020-02-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323761-9m177ozm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323761-9m177ozm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-323761-9m177ozm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295019-8tf8ah6g author: Weber, Wilfried title: Emerging biomedical applications of synthetic biology date: 2011-11-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295019-8tf8ah6g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295019-8tf8ah6g.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-295019-8tf8ah6g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340851-lnv8yi9l author: Perkins, Alex title: Optimal control of the COVID-19 pandemic with non-pharmaceutical interventions date: 2020-04-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340851-lnv8yi9l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340851-lnv8yi9l.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-340851-lnv8yi9l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287546-0x294f8t author: Lin, Feng title: An optimal control theory approach to non-pharmaceutical interventions date: 2010-02-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287546-0x294f8t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287546-0x294f8t.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-287546-0x294f8t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330956-692irru4 author: Pazos, F. A. title: A control approach to the Covid-19 disease using a SEIHRD dynamical model date: 2020-05-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330956-692irru4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330956-692irru4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-330956-692irru4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277409-q5wx313k author: Resende, Lucilene Aparecida title: Impact of LbSapSal Vaccine in Canine Immunological and Parasitological Features before and after Leishmania chagasi-Challenge date: 2016-08-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277409-q5wx313k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277409-q5wx313k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-277409-q5wx313k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349159-rndtf508 author: Brosseau, Lisa M title: Selecting Controls for Minimizing SARS-CoV-2 Aerosol Transmission in Workplaces and Conserving Respiratory Protective Equipment Supplies date: 2020-08-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349159-rndtf508.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349159-rndtf508.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-349159-rndtf508.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-016171-17ut32bu author: Lane, J. Michael title: Smallpox as a Weapon for Bioterrorism date: 2009 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-016171-17ut32bu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-016171-17ut32bu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-016171-17ut32bu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-003640-psnec2qp author: Mbareche, Hamza title: Bioaerosols Play a Major Role in the Nasopharyngeal Microbiota Content in Agricultural Environment date: 2019-04-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-003640-psnec2qp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-003640-psnec2qp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-003640-psnec2qp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-003602-wtestt8i author: Jung, Eunok title: Strategies in regulating glioblastoma signaling pathways and anti-invasion therapy date: 2019-04-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-003602-wtestt8i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-003602-wtestt8i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-003602-wtestt8i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325032-3x5wklr4 author: Jiang, Shanhe title: Semiformal Organizations and Control During the COVID-19 Crisis in China date: 2020-10-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325032-3x5wklr4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325032-3x5wklr4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-325032-3x5wklr4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337913-eu2gn4bl author: Stojanov, Ana title: Does Perceived Lack of Control Lead to Conspiracy Theory Beliefs? Findings from an online MTurk sample date: 2020-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337913-eu2gn4bl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337913-eu2gn4bl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-337913-eu2gn4bl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296226-ugeupo3u author: Sim, Shuzhen title: A greener vision for vector control: The example of the Singapore dengue control programme date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296226-ugeupo3u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296226-ugeupo3u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-296226-ugeupo3u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-119576-8qp8o2g2 author: Xu, Liyan title: Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Antiepidemic Policies and Global Situation Assessment of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-119576-8qp8o2g2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-119576-8qp8o2g2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-119576-8qp8o2g2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329276-tfrjw743 author: Ledzewicz, Urszula title: On the Role of the Objective in the Optimization of Compartmental Models for Biomedical Therapies date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329276-tfrjw743.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329276-tfrjw743.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-329276-tfrjw743.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-020941-1qwbkg9o author: HODDLE, MARK S. title: Biological Control of Vertebrate Pests date: 2007-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-020941-1qwbkg9o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-020941-1qwbkg9o.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-020941-1qwbkg9o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-021571-7kbq0v9w author: Heath, Joan A. title: Infections Acquired in the Nursery: Epidemiology and Control date: 2009-05-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-021571-7kbq0v9w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-021571-7kbq0v9w.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-021571-7kbq0v9w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-014540-27hnlu5v author: Sutthiruk, Nantanit title: Abstracts from the 8th International Congress of the Asia Pacific Society of Infection Control (APSIC): Bangkok, Thailand. 12-15 February 2017 date: 2017-02-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-014540-27hnlu5v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-014540-27hnlu5v.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 6 resourceName b'cord-014540-27hnlu5v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-225429-pz9lsaw6 author: Rodrigues, Helena Sofia title: Optimal Control and Numerical Optimization Applied to Epidemiological Models date: 2014-01-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-225429-pz9lsaw6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-225429-pz9lsaw6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-225429-pz9lsaw6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325300-wawui0fd author: Tulchinsky, Theodore H. title: 4 Communicable Diseases date: 2000-12-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325300-wawui0fd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325300-wawui0fd.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-325300-wawui0fd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341434-2xrdv92m author: Nowland, Megan H. title: Biology and Diseases of Rabbits date: 2015-07-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341434-2xrdv92m.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341434-2xrdv92m.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-341434-2xrdv92m.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-006391-esnsa4u5 author: nan title: Abstracts 5(th) Tripartite Meeting Salzburg/Austria, September 9–11,1982 date: 1982 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-006391-esnsa4u5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-006391-esnsa4u5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-006391-esnsa4u5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-022659-chwk2bs4 author: nan title: Abstracts: Poster session date: 2004-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-022659-chwk2bs4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-022659-chwk2bs4.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-022659-chwk2bs4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276758-k2imddzr author: Siegel, Jane D. title: 2007 Guideline for Isolation Precautions: Preventing Transmission of Infectious Agents in Health Care Settings date: 2007-12-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276758-k2imddzr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276758-k2imddzr.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-276758-k2imddzr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267671-ys43n672 author: Whary, Mark T. title: Biology and Diseases of Mice date: 2015-07-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267671-ys43n672.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267671-ys43n672.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 7 resourceName b'cord-267671-ys43n672.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-015021-pol2qm74 author: nan title: Third International Congress on the Immune Consequences of Trauma, Shock and Sepsis —Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches date: 1994 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-015021-pol2qm74.txt cache: ./cache/cord-015021-pol2qm74.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 11 resourceName b'cord-015021-pol2qm74.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-005814-ak5pq312 author: nan title: 8th European Congress of Intensive Care Medicine Athens - Greece, October 18–22, 1995 Abstracts date: 1995 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-005814-ak5pq312.txt cache: ./cache/cord-005814-ak5pq312.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 11 resourceName b'cord-005814-ak5pq312.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6 author: nan title: Scientific Abstracts date: 2008-12-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-015394-uj7fe5y6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-015394-uj7fe5y6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 15 resourceName b'cord-015394-uj7fe5y6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-022940-atbjwpo5 author: nan title: Poster Sessions date: 2016-09-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-022940-atbjwpo5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-022940-atbjwpo5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 28 resourceName b'cord-022940-atbjwpo5.txt' Que is empty; done keyword-control-cord === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-000721-leedutqo author = Nawaz, Sameena title = Human Bocaviruses Are Not Significantly Associated with Gastroenteritis: Results of Retesting Archive DNA from a Case Control Study in the UK date = 2012-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3199 sentences = 162 flesch = 50 summary = Human bocavirus (HBoV)s, which are associated with respiratory infections, have also frequently been detected in stool samples in cases of gastroenteritis, and a tentative association between HBoVs, and in particular type-2 HBoVs, and gastroenteritis has previously been made. The aim of this study was to determine the role of HBoVs in gastroenteritis, using archived DNA samples from the case-control Infectious Intestinal Disease Study (IID). In the genotype-specific assays 106 of the 324 HBoV-positive samples were genotyped, with HBoV-1 predominantly found in controls whilst HBoV-2 was more frequently associated with cases of gastroenteritis (p<0.01). The prevalence of HBoV-2 in children in the UK was significantly lower than that reported in a study in Australia, in which HBoV-2 was detected in 17.2% and 8.1% of the cases and controls, respectively [22] . Human bocavirus in children hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis: a case-control study cache = ./cache/cord-000721-leedutqo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-000721-leedutqo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-003602-wtestt8i author = Jung, Eunok title = Strategies in regulating glioblastoma signaling pathways and anti-invasion therapy date = 2019-04-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8897 sentences = 460 flesch = 45 summary = In this work, optimal control theory was applied to regulate intracellular signaling pathways of miR-451–AMPK–mTOR–cell cycle dynamics via glucose and drug intravenous administration infusions. The core control system predicts bistability and hysteresis bifurcation when delayed down-regulation of miR-451 activities along certain molecular pathways would induce glioma cells to stay longer in the proliferative phase despite relatively low glucose concentrations, making this mechanism a therapeutic target. In the current investigation, we aim to regulate the amount of glucose and drug infusions to up-regulate miR-451 and mTOR above its threshold values inducing cell proliferation Strategies in regulating glioblastoma signaling pathways and anti-invasion therapy avoiding migration to neighboring tissues. The mutual antagonistic mechanism Strategies in regulating glioblastoma signaling pathways and anti-invasion therapy between miR-451 (mTOR) and AMPK complex and the cell's strategic metabolic adaptation support the survival of cancer cells even in a nutrient-deprived microenvironment [14, 55] . cache = ./cache/cord-003602-wtestt8i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-003602-wtestt8i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-002426-5e1xn7kj author = Falcón-Lezama, Jorge Abelardo title = Analysis of spatial mobility in subjects from a Dengue endemic urban locality in Morelos State, Mexico date = 2017-02-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5944 sentences = 261 flesch = 49 summary = MATERIALS AND METHODS: We carried out a cohort-nested, case-control study with 126 individuals (42 cases, 42 intradomestic controls and 42 population controls) with the goal of describing human mobility patterns of recently Dengue virus-infected subjects, and comparing them with those of non-infected subjects living in an urban endemic locality. CONCLUSIONS: Results of this study show that human mobility in a small urban setting exceeded that considered by local health authority's administrative limits, and was different between recently infected and non-infected subjects living in the same household. These observations provide important insights about the role that human mobility may have in Dengue virus transmission and persistence across endemic geographic areas that need to be taken into account when planning preventive and control measures. Sample: 126 individuals (42 cases, 42 intradomestic controls and 42 population controls) with age older than 12, and residents in Axochiapan, Morelos State, México, were selected from the cohort "Peridomestic infection as determinant for Dengue virus transmission" [13] . cache = ./cache/cord-002426-5e1xn7kj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-002426-5e1xn7kj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-016006-7yas4yqt author = Yoshikawa, Minako Jen title = Dengue and chikungunya virus infection in Southeast Asia: active governmental intervention in Republic of Singapore date = 2010-06-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5575 sentences = 251 flesch = 45 summary = This paper discusses countermeasures of Republic of Singapore towards mosquito-borne infectious diseases, particularly, dengue and chikungunya virus infection to identify an essential factor in controlling emergence of infectious diseases. Although a considerable number of studies on its outbreak response, surveillance, prevention, and disease management have been conducted by the medical and science community, others often attribute Singapore's outstanding infectious disease control to the small territory and economic affluence alone. In addition, the regulatory requirement made dengue infection legally notifiable in 1977 under the Infectious Diseases Act of 1976 while DHF had been already made administratively notifiable in 1966 [11, 12, 13] .While the rest of the Southeast Asian region experienced epidemics in 1976 and 1977, the vector control system contributed to low frequency of DHF in Singapore [10] . It is necessary to keep in mind that curving mosquito-borne epidemics like dengue infection and chikungunya fever require capacities such as laboratory-based surveillance and territory-wide vector control program as well as regional collaboration. cache = ./cache/cord-016006-7yas4yqt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-016006-7yas4yqt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-003640-psnec2qp author = Mbareche, Hamza title = Bioaerosols Play a Major Role in the Nasopharyngeal Microbiota Content in Agricultural Environment date = 2019-04-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10135 sentences = 522 flesch = 46 summary = Results: A multivariate analysis showed air samples and nasopharyngeal flora of pig workers cluster together, compared to the non-exposed control group. An ecological analysis was conducted to reveal the variation in the community composition between the three sample groups (nasopharynx of pig farmers and non-exposed controls and air from pig farms). Given the observed difference in the number of bacterial OTUs, evenness, and evolutionary distance (alpha diversity) and in the bacterial community composition (beta diversity) in samples of the nasopharyngeal flora of farmers and non-exposed individuals and bioaerosols, collected in pig buildings, the next step was to reveal the taxonomic profiles of the three groups. Given the observed difference in the number of bacterial OTUs, evenness, and evolutionary distance (alpha diversity) and in the bacterial community composition (beta diversity) in samples of the nasopharyngeal flora of farmers and non-exposed individuals and bioaerosols, collected in pig buildings, the next step was to reveal the taxonomic profiles of the three groups. cache = ./cache/cord-003640-psnec2qp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-003640-psnec2qp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-018213-w6sh9f3h author = Xue, Lan title = China’s Institutional Mechanisms for Influenza A (H1N1) Prevention and Control date = 2018-11-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8198 sentences = 264 flesch = 25 summary = This time marked the initial formation of a working inter-departmental mechanism positioned to combat health emergencies through "paying equal attention to both prevention and response, and instilling continued collaboration for any event." On April 26th, Health Minister Chen Zhu convened a meeting of the MOH Leading Group and Expert Panel for Influenza Pandemic Prevention and Control, at which the attendees analyzed swine influenza situations in the United States and Mexico, predicted epidemic trends, and deliberated on domestic strategies and measures to cope with a swine flu pandemic. At the beginning of the Influenza A (H1N1) Epidemic, China established a national level emergency management mechanism directly under the leadership of the State Council that enabled cross-departmental joint prevention and control collaboration, which provided an effective organizational support and operation mechanism for the response efforts. cache = ./cache/cord-018213-w6sh9f3h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-018213-w6sh9f3h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-011501-o9hmzaxm author = Kühnel, Martina B title = How short is too short? A randomised controlled trial evaluating short-term existential behavioural therapy for informal caregivers of palliative patients date = 2020-04-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5524 sentences = 332 flesch = 48 summary = A randomised controlled trial evaluating short-term existential behavioural therapy for informal caregivers of palliative patients Self-efficacy, scepticism of benefit of the intervention, belief of better coping alone and support by family and friends were significant factors in declining participation in the randomised controlled trial. Secondary outcomes were informal caregivers' levels of anxiety, subjective distress and minor mental disorders, positive and negative affect, satisfaction with life, quality of life and direct health care costs. The interaction effect between the group (sEBT/control) and the time of investigation was not included in the main models as it was not significantly different from zero, except for psychological impairment. This randomised controlled trial studied the impact of sEBT on depression, anxiety, subjective distress, minor mental disorders, positive and negative affect, satisfaction with life, quality of life and direct health care costs. Caregivers who declined the intervention did not differ significantly from participants of the randomised controlled trial in outcomes at any assessment. cache = ./cache/cord-011501-o9hmzaxm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-011501-o9hmzaxm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-014540-27hnlu5v author = Sutthiruk, Nantanit title = Abstracts from the 8th International Congress of the Asia Pacific Society of Infection Control (APSIC): Bangkok, Thailand. 12-15 February 2017 date = 2017-02-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 24509 sentences = 1304 flesch = 46 summary = A secondary questionnaire was sent to determine whether any cases showed a positive blood or cerebral spinal fluid culture for Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing GNB, AmpC β-lactamases producing GNB, or carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriacae (CRE) between April 2012 and March 2015.The following data were collected; demographic data pertaining to both the care facilities and patients, clinical diagnosis, and outcomes. Utilization of diagnosis-procedure combination data for advancing the antimicrobial stewardship program Haruo Nakayama, Toshiko Ota, Naoko Shirane, Chikako Matuoka, Kentaro Kodama, Masanobu Ohtsuka Toho University Ohashi medical center, Tokyo, Japan Background Infection with antibiotic-resistant bacteria results in increased morbidity, mortality and economic burden. The purpose of this study was to test the effectively of the Infection Control Risk Assessment (ICRA) monitoring tool developed by the Infection Prevention and Control Unit (IPCU) of Asian Hospital and Medical Center with the aim to increase the compliance of construction workers to recommended infection prevention and control measures during construction, renovation and demolition in the hospital. cache = ./cache/cord-014540-27hnlu5v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-014540-27hnlu5v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-016171-17ut32bu author = Lane, J. Michael title = Smallpox as a Weapon for Bioterrorism date = 2009 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8404 sentences = 512 flesch = 51 summary = Following September 11, 2001, the United States rebuilt its supplies of vaccine and Vaccinia Immune Globulin (VIG), expanded the network of laboratories capable of testing for variola virus, and engaged in a broad education campaign to help health care workers and the general public understand the disease (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2003a) . Following September 11, 2001, the United States rebuilt its supplies of vaccine and Vaccinia Immune Globulin (VIG), expanded the network of laboratories capable of testing for variola virus, and engaged in a broad education campaign to help health care workers and the general public understand the disease (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2003a) . If this algorithm indicates that a patient is high risk to be smallpox, local and national public health authorities should be immediately notified by telephone, and laboratory specimens taken for polymerase chain reaction (PCR), electron photomicroscopy (EM), and viral culture. cache = ./cache/cord-016171-17ut32bu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-016171-17ut32bu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-006391-esnsa4u5 author = nan title = Abstracts 5(th) Tripartite Meeting Salzburg/Austria, September 9–11,1982 date = 1982 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 44844 sentences = 2433 flesch = 50 summary = In our parallel tests using an excision-sample technique [2] which is considerably more sensitive than the DGHM procedure, we have observed the following mean reductions in the counts of accessible bacteria: iodine in ethanol, 96%; povidone-iodine, 89%; chlorhexidine in ethanol, 88%; iso-propanol, The purpose of this study was to compare radiation injury in Guinea Pig small bowel (1) devoid of contents (2) containing bile (3) containing pancreatic juice. Studies in vitro employing isolated perfused rat pancreas and stomach revealed following results: Mean basal pancreatic somatostatin release in normal, diabetic and transplanted rats were 12___3, 24-t-7, and 17__+4 pg/ml, respectively. As these changes appear closely correlated to the blood glucose levels which show a 30 % decrease at 4 h and progressive restoration towards normal values up to 24 h, attempts have been made to alter the insulin/glucagon ratio by glucose infusion after PH and study its relation to liver regeneration. cache = ./cache/cord-006391-esnsa4u5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-006391-esnsa4u5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-021571-7kbq0v9w author = Heath, Joan A. title = Infections Acquired in the Nursery: Epidemiology and Control date = 2009-05-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 21244 sentences = 1014 flesch = 41 summary = The fact that a hand hygiene campaign was associated with increased hand hygiene compliance and a lower rate of CONS-positive cultures supports this ~ontention.'~ Enterococcus has been shown to account for 10% of total nosocomial infections in neonates, 6% to 15% of bloodstream infections, 0% to 5% of cases of pneumonia, 17% of urinary tract infections, and 9% of surgical site Sepsis and meningitis are common manifestations of enterococcal infection during NICU outbreak^'^,^^; however, polymicrobial bacteremia and NEC frequently accompany enterococcal sepsis.77 Identified risk factors for enterococcal sepsis, after adjustment for birth weight, include use of a nonumbilical CVC, prolonged presence of a CVC, and bowel resection?' Because Enterococcus colonizes the gastrointestinal tract and can survive for long periods of time on inanimate surfaces, the patient's environment may become contaminated and, along with the infant, serve as a reservoir for ongoing spread of the organism. cache = ./cache/cord-021571-7kbq0v9w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-021571-7kbq0v9w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-020941-1qwbkg9o author = HODDLE, MARK S. title = Biological Control of Vertebrate Pests date = 2007-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 14119 sentences = 661 flesch = 35 summary = Historical records indicate that the majority of attempts at vertebrate biological control have been ad hoc efforts and not the product of careful studies designed to elucidate factors and conditions likely to affect the impact of natural enemy introductions on pest populations. Biological control should be fostered internationally because many countries experience similar problems (e.g., rabbits are agricultural pests in Argentina, Australia, Chile, Europe, and New Zealand; rats, cats, and dogs attack endangered faunas on many oceanic islands; feral pigs and goats in New Zealand, Australia, and the United States degrade habitat and threaten endangered flora). Rabbit populations in Australia and New Zealand are maintained at low levels by introduced predators, but regulation only occurs after pest numbers have been reduced by other means. cache = ./cache/cord-020941-1qwbkg9o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-020941-1qwbkg9o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-119576-8qp8o2g2 author = Xu, Liyan title = Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Antiepidemic Policies and Global Situation Assessment of COVID-19 date = 2020-04-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 11585 sentences = 569 flesch = 55 summary = With a two-layer contact-dispersion model and data in China, we analyze the cost-effectiveness of three types of antiepidemic measures for COVID-19: regular epidemiological control, local social interaction control, and inter-city travel restriction. We find that: 1) intercity travel restriction has minimal or even negative effect compared to the other two at the national level; 2) the time of reaching turning point is independent of the current number of cases, and only related to the enforcement stringency of epidemiological control and social interaction control measures; 3) strong enforcement at the early stage is the only opportunity to maximize both antiepidemic effectiveness and cost-effectiveness; 4) mediocre stringency of social interaction measures is the worst choice. Overall, compared with in-city epidemiological and social interaction control measures, the contribution of inter-city travel restrictions to the reduction of the number of infected cases and the spatial spread of disease is much smaller-lower by two orders of magnitudes. cache = ./cache/cord-119576-8qp8o2g2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-119576-8qp8o2g2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-032542-zisirutu author = Mikalsen, Marius title = Shifting Conceptualization of Control in Agile Transformations date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2623 sentences = 143 flesch = 49 summary = Through a case study of a new, cross-functional unit in a financial institution, we report on their work to implement control in agile transformations. Our findings indicate how agile transformations require rethinking traditional control mechanisms and experiment with new control perspectives more suitable for the digital era. One particular form of change aiming to overcome some of these challenges is creating semi-independent, cross-functional units (i.e. consisting of personnel from both business-and softwaredevelopment units) that use agile methods to improve the value of the software developed [2] . To answer this research question, we report from a case study of a financial institution that implements a new semi-independent unit, an agile program, consisting of several cross-functional teams working according to agile principles. In this paper, we have used stewardship theory to investigate how cross-functional teams work with OKRs and how new forms of control can emerge in agile transformations. cache = ./cache/cord-032542-zisirutu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-032542-zisirutu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-134344-sxno0tfd author = Gondim, Joao A. M. title = Optimal quarantine strategies for the COVID-19 pandemic in a population with a discrete age structure date = 2020-05-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3123 sentences = 191 flesch = 64 summary = We then compare the optimal controls for different quarantine lengths and distribution of the total control cost by assessing their respective reductions in deaths in comparison to the same period without quarantine. We then compare the optimal controls for different quarantine lengths and distribution of the total control cost by assessing their respective reductions in deaths in comparison to the same period without quarantine. Our goal is to calculate the optimal quarantine strategies numerically for different choices of parameters in the model, which reflect the decisions governments must make when implementing these policies, such as evaluating the economical costs of the quarantine for each of the age groups and when to start implementing the measures. and Q i (t) be the number of susceptible, exposed, infected, recovered and quarantined individuals in each age group at time t ≥ 0, respectively. Optimal quarantine strategies for covid-19 control models cache = ./cache/cord-134344-sxno0tfd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-134344-sxno0tfd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-024274-jps1j60a author = Miranda, Mary Elizabeth G. title = Rabies Prevention in Asia: Institutionalizing Implementation Capacities date = 2020-05-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5390 sentences = 255 flesch = 36 summary = The focus areas include human rabies prevention through preand postexposure prophylaxis, mass dog vaccination, surveillance and epidemiology, laboratory diagnostic capability, public awareness and risk communication, legislation, dog population management, and establishment and protection of rabies-free zones/areas. Asian countries were urged to develop comprehensive national plans with improved access to modern human vaccines and application of new economical postexposure treatments, better disease diagnosis and surveillance, and processing of data at the national, regional, and global levels, intersectoral collaborative efforts for dog rabies control and plans to expand public and health care worker awareness regarding rabies control and prevention. An example of a successful, sustainable community-based integrated rabies control program is the Bohol Rabies elimination program, implemented as a partnership between the provincial government, the national government line agencies (Health, Agriculture, Education, Interior, and Local Government) and a few nonprofit organizations. cache = ./cache/cord-024274-jps1j60a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-024274-jps1j60a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-022659-chwk2bs4 author = nan title = Abstracts: Poster session date = 2004-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 49153 sentences = 2598 flesch = 49 summary = We investigated the usefulness of informant-based data in Alzheimer's disease (AD) by comparing caregivers' subjective evaluations of 83 probable A D patients' performance on an abbreviated version of the Memory Self-Report Questionnaire to objective evaluations derived from an extensive battery of neuropsychological tests and to clinicians' evaluations. Compared with 89 subjects (mean age 75.2 yr; 34 men, 55 women) with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT), there were no significant group differences for comparable Clinical Dementia Rating stages of dementia for measures of language, Activities of Daily Living, or general cognition. The mean age at onset did not differ significantly between handedness groups (F [ l,lOO] = .82), but the mean duration of symptoms ( Alterations in the optical properties of brain can be used to detect pathological changes in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). cache = ./cache/cord-022659-chwk2bs4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-022659-chwk2bs4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-146214-lp78l776 author = Leal, Laura title = Learning a functional control for high-frequency finance date = 2020-06-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7922 sentences = 377 flesch = 61 summary = Moreover, to answer to genuine requests of financial regulators on the explainability of machine learning generated controls, we project the obtained"blackbox controls"on the space usually spanned by the closed-form solution of the stylized optimal trading problem, leading to a transparent structure. Our paper addresses this last case, belonging to the academic field of optimal trading, initially introduced by [1] and [3] , and then extended in a lot of ways, from sophisticated stochastic control [5] to Gaussianquadratic approximations allowing to obtain closed-form solutions like [13] or [14] , or under a self-financing equation context in [12] . We start by the functional space of controls spanned by the closed-form solution of the stylized problem: they are non-linear in the remaining time to trade and affine in the remaining quantity to trade (see [9] for a description of the relationship between the optimal controls and the space generated by the h 1 (t) and h 2 (t) defined later in the paper). cache = ./cache/cord-146214-lp78l776.txt txt = ./txt/cord-146214-lp78l776.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-190242-sb0mjhzm author = Moore, Stephen E. title = Controlling the Transmission Dynamics of COVID-19 date = 2020-03-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2868 sentences = 170 flesch = 52 summary = In this article, we consider an optimal control COVID-19 transmission model and assess the impact of some control measures that can lead to the reduction of exposed and infectious individuals in the population. We investigate three control strategies for this deadly infectious disease using personal protection, treatment with early diagnosis, treatment with delay diagnosis and spraying of virus in the environment as time-dependent control functions in our dynamical model to curb the disease spread. In this section, we formulate an optimal control model for COVID-19 to derive four control measures with minimal implementation cost to eradicate the disease after a defined period of time. In this subsection, solution trajectories for the number of exposed, infectious with delay diagnosis and virus in the environment for all the three control strategies are numerically compared with that of the non-optimal control model. cache = ./cache/cord-190242-sb0mjhzm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-190242-sb0mjhzm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-155440-7l8tatwq author = Malinovskaya, Anna title = Online network monitoring date = 2020-10-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5710 sentences = 326 flesch = 54 summary = Our approach is to apply multivariate control charts based on exponential smoothing and cumulative sums in order to monitor networks determined by temporal exponential random graph models (TERGM). The leading SPC tool for analysis is a control chart, which exists in various forms in terms of the number of variables, data type and different statistics being of interest. To conduct surveillance over Y t , we propose to consider only the dynamically estimated parameters of a random graph model in order to reduce computational complexity and to allow for real-time monitoring. In this case, as well as fine-tuning the configuration of statistics, one can modify some settings which design the estimation procedure of the model parameter, for example, the run time, the sample size or the step length (Morris et al., 2008) . In this paper, we show how multivariate control charts can be used to detect changes in TERGM networks. Monitoring of social network and change detection by applying statistical process: ERGM cache = ./cache/cord-155440-7l8tatwq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-155440-7l8tatwq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260693-8mfuwx8l author = Seelig, Frederik title = The COVID-19 pandemic should not derail global vector control efforts date = 2020-08-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1130 sentences = 60 flesch = 44 summary = However, a similar approach should also be adopted for the control of arboviral diseases of global importance, including dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever, as recommended by the Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO) in their interim guidance on control of Aedes aegypti mosquitos during the COVID-19 pandemic [2] . The combined impact of both COVID-19 and epidemics of dengue or other vector-borne diseases (VBDs) could have potentially devastating consequences [6] . • Continue the implementation of the WHO's global vector control response 2017-2030 (GVCR) strategy and regional policies for vector control [7, 8] , with respect to inter-and intrasectoral collaboration, engagement and mobilisation of communities, and scaling up of vector control if required, according to the implementation plan of vector control activities, while adapting activities as necessary to prevent further spread of COVID-19, in particular vector surveillance, which may need to be scaled down [9, 10] . It is vital that the COVID-19 response does not increase VBD threats in these communities by derailing global vector control efforts. cache = ./cache/cord-260693-8mfuwx8l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260693-8mfuwx8l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259673-z7kvf8n8 author = Rogerson, Stephen J. title = Identifying and combating the impacts of COVID-19 on malaria date = 2020-07-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4064 sentences = 185 flesch = 40 summary = These gains are largely attributable to expanding the distribution of insecticidetreated bed nets (ITNs), indoor spraying of residual insecticides (IRS) and other vector control strategies; access to early diagnosis (e.g. rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs)); and more effective antimalarial treatments [1] , together with targeted interventions such as intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) and seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC). Key interventions and innovative approaches, such as targeted MDA programmes and enhanced distribution of ITNs, will be critical in preventing dramatic increases in malaria deaths [12] , but their implementation and prioritisation will bring logistic and financial challenges given COVID-19 disruptions and the competing needs of other health issues and services. To reduce the impact of COVID-19 disruptions, it is essential that the supply of diagnostics and treatments for malaria are maintained and that there is strong support of ITN distribution, IRS and other preventive interventions. Support malaria-endemic countries both in fighting COVID-19 disease and in controlling malaria through an integrated health care programme and community engagement. cache = ./cache/cord-259673-z7kvf8n8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259673-z7kvf8n8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-225429-pz9lsaw6 author = Rodrigues, Helena Sofia title = Optimal Control and Numerical Optimization Applied to Epidemiological Models date = 2014-01-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 32061 sentences = 2066 flesch = 56 summary = This PhD thesis is motivated by the study of epidemiological models applied to infectious diseases in an Optimal Control perspective, giving particular relevance to Dengue. Moreover, it is our aim to frame the disease management question into an optimal control problem requiring the maximization/minimization of some objective function that depends on the infected individuals (biological issues) and control costs (economic issues), given some initial conditions. The aim of this section is to present a mathematical model to study the dynamic of the Dengue epidemics, in order to minimize the investments in disease's control, since financial resources are always scarce. This Assuming that the parameters are fixed, the only variable that can influence this threshold is the control variable c, it has shown that with a steady insecticide campaign it is possible to reduce the number of infected humans and mosquitoes, and can prevent an outbreak that could transform an epidemiological episode to an endemic disease. cache = ./cache/cord-225429-pz9lsaw6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-225429-pz9lsaw6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266342-9iql8yib author = Kokkoris, Michail D. title = Staying on track in turbulent times: Trait self-control and goal pursuit during self-quarantine date = 2021-02-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2401 sentences = 115 flesch = 52 summary = High self-control people's ability to continue performing pre-pandemic goal-directed behaviors and to turn new behaviors into habits explained their success at goal attainment despite the major disruptions caused by the pandemic. At the same time, regardless of whether high self-control people were more likely to continue engaging in their pre-pandemic goal-directed behaviors, it is intriguing whether self-control promotes flexibility and the ability to develop new goal-directed behaviors to adapt to the current situation as well. Thus, we investigated whether people with higher self-control would be more flexible to adjust to the new situation, would find it easier to develop new behaviors to reach their goals and would be more likely to turn these behaviors into habits that support their goal pursuit. lower) self-control made more progress towards their goals, and whether they did so by continuing performing their pre-existing goal-directed behaviors and/or by being more flexible and able to develop new behaviors and turn them into habits. cache = ./cache/cord-266342-9iql8yib.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266342-9iql8yib.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267416-4dzqzwx0 author = Bolzoni, Luca title = Time-optimal control strategies in SIR epidemic models date = 2017-10-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6886 sentences = 442 flesch = 58 summary = Abstract We investigate the time-optimal control problem in SIR (Susceptible-Infected-Recovered) epidemic models, focusing on different control policies: vaccination, isolation, culling, and reduction of transmission. On the other hand, the optimal control theory has been widely applied to solve the problem of minimizing the total number of infected individuals (or the total infectious burden) in basic SIR (Susceptible-Infected-Recovered) epidemic models by means of different control policies, such as: the implementation of emergency prophylactic vaccination plans, the isolation of infected individuals, the reduction of disease transmission through the limitation of contacts between individuals, and non-selective culling [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] . Here, by using simple SIR models in an optimal control framework [26] , we thoroughly investigate the problem of minimizing the epidemic duration by using prophylactic vaccination, isolation, non-selective culling, or reduction of transmission controls. cache = ./cache/cord-267416-4dzqzwx0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267416-4dzqzwx0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295019-8tf8ah6g author = Weber, Wilfried title = Emerging biomedical applications of synthetic biology date = 2011-11-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9511 sentences = 475 flesch = 36 summary = Synthetic mammalian transcription circuits consisting of a chimeric small-molecule-responsive transcription factor and a cognate synthetic promoter were originally designed for future gene-based therapies, and the aim was to adjust therapeutic transgene expression in mammalian cells in response to a pharmacologically active substance 34, 47, 49, 91 . When mammalian cells that are transgenic for the screening circuit are exposed to a compound library, they detect and modulate reporter gene expression in the presence of a non-toxic, cellpermeable and bioavailable molecule that has a classspecific core structure and corresponding drug activity (for example, antibiotic activity) (FIG. The availability of compact RNA sensor-actuators that are easy to design and to alter and that control transgene expression in response to intracellular levels of key proteins may also improve the ability to link metabolic disease states with gene-based therapeutic interventions. cache = ./cache/cord-295019-8tf8ah6g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295019-8tf8ah6g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266386-932nb2z9 author = Oh, Hyang Soon title = Current Status of Infection Prevention and Control Programs for Emergency Medical Personnel in the Republic of Korea date = 2015-11-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3796 sentences = 202 flesch = 40 summary = IPCPs were found to have weaknesses with regard to the following resources: the assignment of infection control personnel (ICP) (79.5%), hand hygiene resources such as waterless antiseptics (79.3%), the use of paper towels (38.9%), personal protective equipment such as face shields (46.9%), and safety containers for sharps and a separated space for the disposal of infectious waste (10.1%). Part B included 10 questions assessing the resources of the IPCPs, including human resources and infrastructure for implementing IPCPs, the assignment of part-time infection control personnel (ICP), the assignment of part-time staff for decontamination, the frequency of infection control committee meetings, infection control guidelines, and hand hygiene equipment (hand antiseptics and hand drying methods) both in the station and in in the ambulance, personal protective equipment (PPE), the types of gloves and safety containers for the prevention of sharps injuries, and decontamination procedures. Part C included 22 questions assessing the following activities of IPCPs: employee health programs; post-exposure management programs; vaccination programs; health screening programs; surveillance programs for patients, emergency medical personnel, and spaces and instruments; education; and decontamination activities. cache = ./cache/cord-266386-932nb2z9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266386-932nb2z9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268959-wh28s0ws author = Gao, Da-peng title = Optimal control analysis of a tuberculosis model()() date = 2017-12-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4628 sentences = 303 flesch = 58 summary = [8] in 2002, the time dependent optimal control strategies have been employed in the study of dynamics of TB mathematical models by many authors (see, for example, [8, [26] [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34] ). First, a "case finding" (identification of latently infected individuals) control mechanism is incorporated in model (1.1) by replacing constant vaccination rate with u 1 ( t ). Following the idea of Kumar and Srivastava [14] , in this paper, the cost constructions that account for high nonlinear relationship (nonlinearity of order four i.e. u 4 1 (t) ) between cost and effort s during vaccination process has been employed in the application of optimal control to TB mathematical models. Our goal is to minimize the number of infected individuals (including latent, infectious, being treated individuals) with TB virus while at the same time keeping the cost of implementing these three control strategies very low. Vaccination and treatment as control interventions in an infectious disease model with their cost optimization cache = ./cache/cord-268959-wh28s0ws.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268959-wh28s0ws.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275997-4ibeidyw author = Goldrick, Barbara A. title = The practice of infection control and applied epidemiology: A historical perspective date = 2005-10-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5092 sentences = 268 flesch = 46 summary = In keeping with its philosophy of quality health care and responsible public reporting, the Association of Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc, continues to explore the issue of mandatory reporting of HAIs. The practice of infection control and applied epidemiology: A historical perspective Barbara A. In addition, the current trend toward mandatory reporting of health care-associated infections (HAIs) among several states will add more tasks for ICPs with limited resources, at the risk of spending less time on prevention and control activities. In addition, the current trend toward mandatory reporting of health care-associated infections (HAIs) among several states will add more tasks for ICPs with limited resources, at the risk of spending less time on prevention and control activities. Ninety-five tasks identified in the 1992 PA were organized into 5 major practice dimensions describing the responsibilities of ICPs in the United States and Canada: infectious process, surveillance/epidemiologic investigation, transmission of infection, management and communication, and education 14 (Table 1) ; however, new tasks were added, and outdated tasks were eliminated. cache = ./cache/cord-275997-4ibeidyw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275997-4ibeidyw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306100-dkbujz83 author = Chughtai, Abrar A. title = Policies on the use of respiratory protection for hospital health workers to protect from coronavirus disease (COVID-19) date = 2020-03-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2673 sentences = 151 flesch = 49 summary = As drugs or vaccines are not yet available, various non-pharmaceutical measures have been recommended to reduce the spread of infection, including hygiene and disinfection, improving environmental control, early detection and reporting, isolation, quarantine, use of personal protective equipment, social distancing and travel restrictions (( World Health Organization (WHO) 2014 ; Bell et al., 2006 ) ). Masks and respirators are commonly used to protect healthcare workers from respiratory infections, particularly during the initial periods of outbreaks/ pandemics when other control measures not yet available ( Aiello et al., 2010 a; Aledort et al., 2007 ) . History is repeating itself with the same controversies around powered air purifying respirators during the The only similarity is that all health organisations and countries generally recommend the use of masks by suspected or infected cases of COVID-19 (i.e. source control) to prevent spread of infections. cache = ./cache/cord-306100-dkbujz83.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306100-dkbujz83.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299359-s8j78naz author = Sundaram, Maria E. title = Influenza Vaccination Is Not Associated With Detection of Noninfluenza Respiratory Viruses in Seasonal Studies of Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness date = 2013-09-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3247 sentences = 157 flesch = 35 summary = We investigated the association between influenza infection, vaccination, and detection of other respiratory viruses among children <5 years old and adults ≥50 years old with acute respiratory illness who participated in seasonal studies of influenza vaccine effectiveness. This could theoretically contribute to overestimation of true VE (ie, bias away from the null); therefore, a key assumption of the test-negative control design of influenza vaccine effectiveness studies is that the proportion of noninfluenza viral illness does not differ by influenza vaccination status [9] . The goals of this study were to determine if influenza vaccination is associated with detection of noninfluenza respiratory viruses and to determine if vaccine effectiveness estimates differ when different control groups are used in the analysis. For participants in these age groups, multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing was subsequently performed to detect other respiratory viruses, providing an opportunity to investigate the relationship between influenza vaccination and infection with other viral pathogens. cache = ./cache/cord-299359-s8j78naz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299359-s8j78naz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293041-7ndp05ru author = Xu, Pengbo title = The Effect of Response Inhibition Training on Risky Decision-Making Task Performance date = 2020-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5575 sentences = 269 flesch = 49 summary = If the method of improving risky decisionmaking ability through primary cognitive training (such as inhibitory control) is proven and widely accepted, it will greatly advance the research process in the field of decision-making and will certainly provide a direction for future development. On the basis of previous studies, we chose the Balloon Analog Risk Task that has strong operability with initial results that are relatively stable and we appropriately increased the time interval between cognitive training and posttest decision-making task assessment. The two groups were assessed with the Stroop task and the Balloon Analog Risk Task to evaluate the pretest and posttest performance on inhibitory control and risky decision-making tasks at weeks 1 and 4. Because the experiment adopted a mixed design with between-and within-subjects factors, mixed-model ANOVAs of 2 (control group and training group) × 2 (pretest and posttest) factors were used to evaluate the transfer effect of response inhibition training to Stroop performance and its impact on Balloon Analog Risk Task performance. cache = ./cache/cord-293041-7ndp05ru.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293041-7ndp05ru.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295407-aq011b97 author = Pettus, Katherine title = Availability of Internationally Controlled Essential Medicines in the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-05-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1469 sentences = 64 flesch = 36 summary = Frequently used medicines include opioids such as morphine or fentanyl and midazolam, all of them listed as ICEMs. This paper describes the issues related to the lack of availability and limited access to ICEMs during the COVID-19 pandemic in both intensive and palliative care patients in countries of all income levels and makes recommendations for improving access. The additional COVID-19 burden of health-related suffering only underscores the government obligation to take a balanced approach to the regulation of internationally controlled substances, and to make strategic interventions, in partnership with clinical associations, to ensure the availability, accessibility, and affordability of essential medicines for primary, intensive, and palliative care. cache = ./cache/cord-295407-aq011b97.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295407-aq011b97.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317864-44knig6g author = Thacker, S.B. title = Centers for Disease Control date = 2008-08-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4551 sentences = 210 flesch = 48 summary = Emerging from a small, wartime government program with a regional focus on malaria in 1946, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has become a global public health agency that addresses the entire scope of public health, with over 10 000 employees and contractors in nearly 200 occupations. The CDC's expertise has expanded in direct correlation with the expanding view of public health needs: it is recognized globally for its ability to respond to urgent threat related to disease epidemics and the health consequences of disaster and war. CDC programs have contributed significantly to the eradication and reduction of diseases such as smallpox, polio, and guinea worm, as well as the control of health problems such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), childhood lead poisoning, breast and cervical cancer, diabetes, violence, and unintentional injuries. The history of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) began in 1942 with the establishment of the Malaria Control in War Areas (MCWA), under the U.S. Public Health Service (PHS). cache = ./cache/cord-317864-44knig6g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317864-44knig6g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267671-ys43n672 author = Whary, Mark T. title = Biology and Diseases of Mice date = 2015-07-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 63666 sentences = 3678 flesch = 40 summary = Clinical Signs MCMV causes subclinical infection in adult immunocompetent mice, but experimental inoculation of neonates can cause lethal disease due to multisystemic necrosis and inflammation. Diagnosis Because infected mice do not manifest signs or lesions and the virus is very difficult to propagate in cell culture, detection and diagnosis rely on serology and molecular methods. Differential Diagnosis Reovirus infection must be differentiated from other diarrheal diseases of infant mice, including those caused by mouse coronaviruses, EDIM virus, Salmonella spp., or Clostridium piliforme. Epizootiology EDIM virus appears to be infectious only for mice and occurs episodically in mouse colonies, and infection is probably widespread geographically (Livingston and Riley, 2003; Pritchett-Corning LABORATORY ANIMAL MEDICINE et al., 2009) . Sentinel mouse surveillance, using soiled bedding, is an effective strategy for detecting MNV (Manuel et al., 2008) Differential Diagnosis The mild change in fecal consistency associated with MNV in adult mice may mimic rotavirus, coronavirus, Helicobacter spp., Citrobacter rodentium, or other enteric diseases. cache = ./cache/cord-267671-ys43n672.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267671-ys43n672.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277409-q5wx313k author = Resende, Lucilene Aparecida title = Impact of LbSapSal Vaccine in Canine Immunological and Parasitological Features before and after Leishmania chagasi-Challenge date = 2016-08-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7939 sentences = 372 flesch = 46 summary = Additionally, LbSap has been shown to induce a prominent pro-inflammatory immune response characterized by increased levels of both IL-12 and IFN-γ and decreased levels of TGF-β by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), which were associated with parasite control in dogs [26] . Previous studies of dogs using the "LbSapSal" vaccine displayed higher counts of circulating and Leishmania-specific CD8 + T cells in addition to high nitric oxide (NO) production [22] and reduction of splenic parasite load [27] . chagasi-challenge (T 90) demonstrated that "LbSapSal" group showed a significant increase of TNF-α levels (P<0.05) upon VSA-stimulation as compared to "Sal" and "LbSal" groups ( Fig 1A, middle panel) . The results observed at the post-vaccination period (T 3rd ) demonstrated that the "LbSal" group showed a significant reduction in the IL-10 levels (P<0.05) upon VSA-stimulation as compared to the "Sal" group ( Fig 2B, middle panel) . cache = ./cache/cord-277409-q5wx313k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277409-q5wx313k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284985-q3eiyp7e author = O’Connell, Mary Beth title = Attitudes of Michigan Female College Students about Pharmacists Prescribing Birth Control in a Community Pharmacy date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5180 sentences = 268 flesch = 51 summary = A survey with 49 items about provider attributes, pharmacy services use and evaluation, advantages and barriers of pharmacists prescribing birth control, sexual and reproductive history, and demographics was distributed by survey link and QR code. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine female college students' opinions about and willingness to use pharmacists for obtaining hormonal contraception in a community pharmacy across a wide range of student characteristics, attitudes, and health service opinions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine female college students' opinions about and willingness to use pharmacists for obtaining hormonal contraception in a community pharmacy across a wide range of student characteristics, attitudes, and health service opinions. Literature was reviewed related to over-the-counter birth control, emergency contraception, pharmacists prescribing contraception, obstetrics and gynecology practice/provider patient preferences, pharmacy clinical services in community pharmacies, and position statements related to these topics to create our survey. cache = ./cache/cord-284985-q3eiyp7e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284985-q3eiyp7e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287546-0x294f8t author = Lin, Feng title = An optimal control theory approach to non-pharmaceutical interventions date = 2010-02-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7123 sentences = 442 flesch = 54 summary = RESULTS: An optimal policy is derived for the control model using a linear NPI implementation cost. Additional studies investigate the effects of departures from the modeling assumptions, which include exponential terminal time and linear NPI implementation cost. Additional studies investigate the effects of departures from the modeling assumptions, which include exponential terminal time and linear NPI implementation cost. It measures the loss of productivity (persondays) due to implementing NPIs. To determine the value of c, the public health officials need to consider many factors, such as culture of the community, perceptions to death, consequences of pandemic and of Figure 1 expands the classic Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered (SIR) model to capture the mortality. Figure 3 shows the impact of optimal control on pandemic severity, peak, and total deaths, when NPIs are triggered at different initial states. cache = ./cache/cord-287546-0x294f8t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287546-0x294f8t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303601-o8uk6if2 author = Tsay, Calvin title = Modeling, state estimation, and optimal control for the US COVID-19 outbreak date = 2020-07-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6180 sentences = 331 flesch = 49 summary = This includes modeling the dynamics of affected populations, estimating the model parameters and hidden states from data, and an optimal control strategy for sequencing social distancing and testing events such that the number of infections is minimized. Figure 2 shows the predicted values obtained by solving the parameter estimation problem and the historical data by country, retrieved by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University (https ://githu b.com/CSSEG ISand Data/COVID -19; accessed April 16, 2020). For the estimated parameter values as described previously, we simulate the results of implementing two different simplistic control policies: (i) continuing with strict social distancing, quarantining, and testing, policies that result from continuing to lower the asymptomatic ( α a ) and infected ( α i ) exposures shown in Fig. 2 ; and (ii) a relaxed policy with more lenient measures and reduced testing, in this case the values of α a and α i are increased to 0.2 and 0.02, respectively, while κ is decreased to 0.2. cache = ./cache/cord-303601-o8uk6if2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303601-o8uk6if2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305207-fgvbrg8d author = Ohara, Hiroshi title = Fact-finding Survey of Nosocomial Infection Control in Hospitals in Kathmandu, Nepal—A Basis for Improvement date = 2013-06-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3390 sentences = 165 flesch = 36 summary = In the healthcare setting, particularly in developed countries, various measures including the organization of infection control teams (ICTs), preparation of manuals, strengthening of surveillance systems, and training of staff have been taken to assure effective control. The form consisted of the following items: "general information of the hospitals, control system including manual and infection control committees (ICC), equipment and facility preparedness, training conditions, surveillance conditions, expectation for international cooperation and current problems. Among the problems observed in the study were weak ICC function, few training opportunities among the hospital staff, inadequate use of antibiotics, shortage of infection control staff, shortage of doctors and nurses and their overload in daily medical practice, shortage of fundamental equipment including PPE, inadequate practice of basic techComparison of nosocomial infection control conditions between 2003 and 2011 at five national hospitals showed an improvement trend. Appropriate nosocomial infection control is a key strategy in providing high quality medical care, and effective measures are particularly required in developing countries, where the frequency of infectious diseases is high and environmental conditions of hospitals are poor [14, 15] . cache = ./cache/cord-305207-fgvbrg8d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305207-fgvbrg8d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334583-825kmicf author = Bonyah, Ebenezer title = Optimal control application to an Ebola model date = 2016-03-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3579 sentences = 214 flesch = 57 summary = Optimal control theory is applied to a system of ordinary differential equations which is modeling Ebola infection through three different routes including contact between humans and a dead body. The holding is incorporated in the model by adding a control term that may minimize the treatment failure rate of individuals with Ebola disease. The "case holding" control, u 2 (t) deals with effort needed to identify the proportion of typical Ebola exposed individuals that is known and will be put under treatment in order to reduce the number of individuals that may turn to be infectious. The term u 3 (t) deals with the effort that ensures those that are infectious both in the first and super infection stages are given treatment and monitored to take their drugs in order to minimize the number of individuals developing and dying of Ebola. In this work, mathematical model of Ebola disease with three possible routes of transmission that include prevention and two treatment measures as optimal control has been examined. cache = ./cache/cord-334583-825kmicf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334583-825kmicf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269363-drjj705k author = Nenchev, Vladislav title = Optimal quarantine control of an infectious outbreak date = 2020-07-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4232 sentences = 267 flesch = 58 summary = An issue of practical concern for many disease outbreaks without an available vaccine, such as for SARS-CoV-2 as of June 2020, is minimizing the overall quarantine effort or the final outbreak size, while respecting control and capacity constraints on the current number of infections. Upon an outbreak of a previously unknown disease, better model parameter estimates can be obtained as more data becomes available, and the induced optimization problem can be recomputed in a data-driven receding horizon manner to improve actions. In this work, the goal is to obtain an optimal quarantine control policy u ( t ), t ∈ [0, t f ] for a fixed final time t f , that minimizes a weighted combination of the total number of infections and the overall number of quarantined individuals at time t f . cache = ./cache/cord-269363-drjj705k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269363-drjj705k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309705-el5rembl author = Dantés, Héctor Gómez title = Prevention and control of Aedes transmitted infections in the post-pandemic scenario of COVID-19: challenges and opportunities for the region of the Americas date = 2020-08-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2688 sentences = 118 flesch = 37 summary = The occurrence of arboviral diseases with COVID-19 in the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region presents challenges and opportunities for strengthening health services, surveillance and control programs. The fear of contagion by COVID-19 is constraining people with arboviral diseases to search for care which can lead to an increase in serious cases and could disrupt the operation of vector-control programs due to the reluctance of residents to open their doors to health personnel. Despite having limited information on the direct impact on human health of the interaction of arboviral diseases with COVID-19, (12) it is essential that all efforts be made to protect populations at risk (13) since Aedes-transmitted diseases (ATDs) mainly affect vulnerable populations living in poor urban or rural areas and in houses with limited access to sewerage and drinking water services. Given the emergence of COVID-19, it is essential that countries commit to supporting this Plan of Action and strengthen their surveillance and control programs in an integrated way where new epidemiological circumstances are seen as challenges and opportunities and much less as disbeliefs or limitations. cache = ./cache/cord-309705-el5rembl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309705-el5rembl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307946-1olapsmv author = Xu, Zhijie title = Primary Care Practitioners’ Barriers to and Experience of COVID-19 Epidemic Control in China: a Qualitative Study date = 2020-08-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4552 sentences = 266 flesch = 45 summary = title: Primary Care Practitioners' Barriers to and Experience of COVID-19 Epidemic Control in China: a Qualitative Study Barriers to epidemic control in primary care included inappropriate PCP scheduling and role ambiguity, difficult tasks and inadequate capacities, and inexperienced community workers and insufficient cooperation. PCPs reported potential solutions for improving countermeasures, such as improving management, optimizing workflows, providing additional support, facilitating cooperation, and strengthening the primary care system. To understand PCPs' perceived barriers to and experience of performing their tasks in epidemic control, we recruited frontline PCPs in China and conducted in-depth interviews using a qualitative design. The government officials and medical experts irregularly visited the community/township health centers and inspected PCPs' daily practice of epidemic control, including the material preparation and arrangement, and held meetings to discuss the existing problems and potential solutions with PCPs. One participant stated, "It really troubled me that I had to accompany those supervisors, maybe 3 to 5 times a week, and show them what we had done with countless papers and forms and photos." Some instructions distributed to PCPs by supervisors were perceived as "scratching the surface". cache = ./cache/cord-307946-1olapsmv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307946-1olapsmv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281635-a6ia8kxf author = Bellinzoni, R. C. title = Efficacy of an inactivated oil-adjuvanted rotavirus vaccine in the control of calf diarrhoea in beef herds in Argentina date = 1989-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3725 sentences = 166 flesch = 47 summary = title: Efficacy of an inactivated oil-adjuvanted rotavirus vaccine in the control of calf diarrhoea in beef herds in Argentina In a small-scale experimental trial, involving 21 pregnant cows (13 vaccinated and eight unvaccinated controls), a significant increase in neutralizing antibody titres against different serotypes of bovine rotaviruses was found in both the colostrum and serum of vaccinated cows compared with that of unvaccinated controls. For that reason, after several years of epidemiological studies, it was decided to develop and test an inactivated oil-adjuvanted vaccine with the aim of controlling diarrhoea in beef and dairy herds in Argentina. The results showed that the oil-adjuvanted rotavirus vaccine tested was effective in the control of calf neonatal diarrhoea in Argentina. As shown in Figure 1 , compared with controls, vaccinated cows showed significantly higher neutralizing antibody levels against rotavirus in serum, colostrum and milk until at least 30 days after calving. cache = ./cache/cord-281635-a6ia8kxf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281635-a6ia8kxf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310232-n10ciwy6 author = Cheung, Wing title = Maternal anxiety and feelings of control during labour: A study of Chinese first-time pregnant women date = 2007-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4980 sentences = 229 flesch = 47 summary = Abstract Objective to explore and examine the relationship between maternal anxiety levels and feelings of control during labour among Hong Kong Chinese first-time pregnant women. Recent studies have suggested that feelings of control during labour are one of the important factors contributing to maternal childbirth satisfaction (Gibbins and Thomson, 2001) , and women should be empowered through knowledge of what to expect from accurate information received about the birth process. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between Hong Kong Chinese first-time pregnant women's anxiety levels and their feelings of control during labour. It was envisaged that the results of this study could (1) increase understanding of the psychological parameters of Chinese women in childbirth; (2) help in explaining women's unspoken high anxiety level and its relationship with their feelings of control during labour; and (3) help midwives to develop appropriate strategies to enhance positive childbirth experience for their clients. cache = ./cache/cord-310232-n10ciwy6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310232-n10ciwy6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329276-tfrjw743 author = Ledzewicz, Urszula title = On the Role of the Objective in the Optimization of Compartmental Models for Biomedical Therapies date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 12517 sentences = 624 flesch = 51 summary = We discuss various aspects of the modeling of the dynamics (such as growth and interaction terms), modeling of treatment (including pharmacometrics of the drugs), and give special attention to the choice of the objective functional to be minimized. , m, represent the administration of the therapies (dose rates) and as variables are separated from the effects of the actions (which, for example, depend on the concentrations), then a model which is linear in the controls is not only adequate, but is the correct one. Choosing the objective functional in the form (17) with N = 0 (as we do not consider an immune boost), optimal chemotherapy protocols follow the concatenation structure 1s01 with 1 representing a full dose segment, s denoting administration following a singular control and 0 standing for a rest-period of the treatment. cache = ./cache/cord-329276-tfrjw743.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329276-tfrjw743.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325032-3x5wklr4 author = Jiang, Shanhe title = Semiformal Organizations and Control During the COVID-19 Crisis in China date = 2020-10-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6929 sentences = 351 flesch = 47 summary = Using a survey data collected during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic in China, this study investigated the prevalence and importance of semiformal organizations, formal organizations, and informal groups participating in social control and social service and the predictors of the perceived importance of these three forms of social control mechanisms. The table is based on the data from the respondents' answers to this question: "During the COVID-19 lockdown period, who participated in the following activities: checkpoint inspection, health screening, food supplies, drug supplies, sanitization, and information distribution." The choices included residents' or village committee, government agencies or officers, community police or police officers, volunteers, regular citizens, and no action. In sum, formal organizations, government agencies and police, the semiformal organizations, residents' committee in urban areas and village committee in rural areas, and informal groups or individuals, volunteers, and regular citizens, all participated in community control and service. cache = ./cache/cord-325032-3x5wklr4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325032-3x5wklr4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330956-692irru4 author = Pazos, F. A. title = A control approach to the Covid-19 disease using a SEIHRD dynamical model date = 2020-05-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6320 sentences = 382 flesch = 60 summary = The recent worldwide epidemic of Covid-19 disease, for which there is no vaccine or medications to prevent or cure it, led to the adoption of public health measures by governments and populations in most of the affected countries to avoid the contagion and its spread. α and β are the probability of disease transmission in a single contact with exposed (infected) people times the average daily number of contacts per person and have units of 1/day. We propose the use of control theory to determine public nonpharmaceuticals interventions (NPIs) in order to control the evolution of the epidemic, avoiding the collapse of health care systems while minimizing harmful effects on the population and on the economy. Therefore, the control action needs to be calculated as a function of the number of infected people I (the number of exposed people E is quite unknown) in order to avoid future hospitalization requirements in the next 10.6 days at most. cache = ./cache/cord-330956-692irru4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330956-692irru4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320262-9zxgaprl author = Asamoah, Joshua Kiddy K. title = Global stability and cost-effectiveness analysis of COVID-19 considering the impact of the environment:using data from Ghana date = 2020-07-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3649 sentences = 257 flesch = 61 summary = title: Global stability and cost-effectiveness analysis of COVID-19 considering the impact of the environment:using data from Ghana that other optimal control model on COVID-19 have been studied (see for example [27, 28, 29 , 30, 31, The model further assumes that, no exposed individual transmits the disease. It is further inferred from this 310 study that; applying optimal control strategy on the rate at which the virus is released into the system, m 1 311 and m 2 , and also on the relative transmission rate due to human behaviour will considerably strike down 312 COVID-19 pandemic. Early dynamics of transmission and control 376 of COVID-19: a mathematical modelling study A model based study on the dynamics 431 of COVID-19: Prediction and control A model based study on the dynamics 431 of COVID-19: Prediction and control Modeling the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions on the dynamics of 435 novel coronavirus with optimal control analysis with a case study Modelling of rabies transmission dynamics 477 using optimal control analysis cache = ./cache/cord-320262-9zxgaprl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320262-9zxgaprl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296226-ugeupo3u author = Sim, Shuzhen title = A greener vision for vector control: The example of the Singapore dengue control programme date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6870 sentences = 316 flesch = 44 summary = Aedes-borne diseases, in particular, including dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever, and Zika, are increasing at an alarming rate due to urbanisation, population movement, weak vector control programmes, and climate change. The environmental management put in place to implement this high standard of public cleanliness has greatly benefited Singapore's efforts to tackle VBDs. Underscoring the view that Aedes-borne diseases are environmental diseases, dengue control in Singapore is led by the National Environment Agency (NEA), a statutory board of the Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources (MEWR). In view of the importance of infrastructure maintenance and design, environmental sanitation, people's behaviours, and use of technologies on dengue prevention, the NEA collaborates closely with other government ministries (e.g., Health, National Development, Education, Finance), town councils (responsible for management and maintenance of the common property of public housing estates, including vector control), community associations, research and academic institutions, and the private sector (Fig 2) . cache = ./cache/cord-296226-ugeupo3u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296226-ugeupo3u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312552-udky2ko7 author = Fouque, Florence title = Introduction to a Landscape Analysis of Multisectoral Approaches for Prevention and Control of Infectious and Vector-Borne Diseases date = 2020-10-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3862 sentences = 150 flesch = 33 summary = The Swiss Development Cooperation, Canada's International Development Research Centre, the Swiss Tropical Public Health Institute, and the UNICEF/United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)/World Bank/World Health Organization (WHO) Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR) collaborated on a project to review, understand and promote the use of multisectoral approaches (MSAs) in the prevention and control of vector-borne diseases (VBDs). The SDC, the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) from Canada, the Swiss TPH, and the UNICEF/United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)/World Bank/World Health Organization (WHO) Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR) agreed on a collaborative activity, started in late 2016, to better understand the landscape, the building blocks, and the processes of an MSA for the prevention and control of VBDs and to implement selected case studies to test these approaches. cache = ./cache/cord-312552-udky2ko7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312552-udky2ko7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340851-lnv8yi9l author = Perkins, Alex title = Optimal control of the COVID-19 pandemic with non-pharmaceutical interventions date = 2020-04-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6951 sentences = 407 flesch = 55 summary = To characterize a range of possible strategies for control and to understand their consequences, we performed an optimal control analysis of a mathematical model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Our results also highlight that the potential scope for controlling COVID-19 until a vaccine is available depends on epidemiological parameters about which there is still considerable uncertainty, including the basic reproduction number and the effectiveness of social distancing. Strategies for successfully controlling COVID-19 until then will depend on a suite of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) [3] , including some degree of social distancing but also diagnostic testing, contact tracing, and case isolation [5] . Because they are similar to the components of the objective functional but more easily interpretable, we describe effects of model parameters on t1 t0 D(t)dt (cumulative deaths) and t1 t0 u(t)dt (cumulative time under control). cache = ./cache/cord-340851-lnv8yi9l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340851-lnv8yi9l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323761-9m177ozm author = Wang, Huijie title = Asthma in Pregnancy: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Whole-Course Management, and Medication Safety date = 2020-02-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6828 sentences = 298 flesch = 42 summary = Studies have shown that maternal asthma increases the risk for adverse complications in fetuses and mothers, including SGA (small for gestational age), LBW (low birth weight), congenital malformations (cleft lip or cleft palate), increased perinatal mortality, PB (premature birth), maternal preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, prenatal hemorrhage, caesarean section, urinary tract infection, excessive amniotic fluid, and premature rupture of membranes, especially for those patients with severe or uncontrolled asthma during pregnancy [6, 7] . e long-term goals of asthma management are to achieve good symptom control, maintain normal activity levels, and minimize the risk of acute attacks, irreversible damage to lung function, and drug-related adverse effects. Anti-IgE monoclonal antibody omalizumab is as an add-on therapy for the treatment of nonpregnant patients with moderate-to-severe persistent asthma that is inadequately controlled with ICS and has the effect of preventing exacerbation, reducing the frequency of asthmatic symptoms, reducing the frequency of emergency room visit or hospital admission, and reducing the steroid dose. cache = ./cache/cord-323761-9m177ozm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323761-9m177ozm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336409-crkcxpw0 author = Ganasegeran, Kurubaran title = COVID-19 in Malaysia: Crucial measures in critical times date = 2020-08-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1484 sentences = 72 flesch = 45 summary = Albeit the global COVID-19 pandemic trend is increasing, Malaysia is seeing a decrease on the number of infections, with high recoveries and low mortality rates [1] . This viewpoint aims to discuss the targeted containment strategies executed by Malaysia, which till date is showing positive responses in controlling the spread of COVID-19. (2) high compliance on the practice of physical distancing measures and the usage of face mask; (3) reducing flight and public transportation services; (4) self-quarantine at home; (5) changes to crucial essential services like funerals to minimize crowd size and exposure to body fluids; and (6) avoidance of misinformation -verified and clear information regarding COVID-19 needs to be delivered on-time and consistently to the public to avoid fake news, rumors and panic. With declining trend of positive cases, Malaysia executed a relaxed Conditional Movement Control Order (CMCO) that aims to carefully re-open the country's major economy in phases [1] . cache = ./cache/cord-336409-crkcxpw0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336409-crkcxpw0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342137-l67pvf73 author = Collins, Charles title = Schistosomiasis control and the health system in P.R. China date = 2012-11-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5609 sentences = 262 flesch = 44 summary = These cover the policy-making process, intersectoral action for health, equity and access to health services, funding for public goods and externalities, and strengthening resource management and planning. These issues form the basis of an agenda for integrating research and capacity strengthening in the Chinese health system with a view to creating a more positive enabling environment for schistosomiasis control. The debate over the vertical and/or horizontal nature of disease control programmes has occupied an important place in health systems analysis, together with discussions over the nature of integration and the specific circumstances in which integration is or is not appropriate [8] [9] [10] [11] . The paper concludes by analysing four emerging themes; the role and integrity of the public sector, the importance of equity for infectious diseases of poverty, the significance of health systems development, and the importance of advocacy. cache = ./cache/cord-342137-l67pvf73.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342137-l67pvf73.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341434-2xrdv92m author = Nowland, Megan H. title = Biology and Diseases of Rabbits date = 2015-07-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 31591 sentences = 1921 flesch = 47 summary = Etiology Pasteurella multocida is a Gram-negative nonmotile coccobacillus that causes pasteurellosis, also known as 'snuffles', the primary respiratory disease affecting domestic rabbits (Deeb and DiGiacomo, 2000; Guo et al., 2012) . Research Complications Pasteurellosis can cause considerable economic losses (El Tayeb et al., 2004; Ferreira et al., 2012; Stahel et al., 2009 ) and has the potential to affect different types of research studies using rabbits due to the multisystemic nature of the disease, and the possibility of high morbidity and mortality. piliforme is a pleomorphic, Gramnegative, spore-forming, motile, obligate intracellular rod-shaped bacterium that causes Tyzzer's disease and infects various animals including mice, nonhuman primates, gerbils, rats, rabbits, and others (Allen et al., 1965; Ganaway et al., 1971; Pritt et al., 2010) . Research Complications EPEC infection can cause high morbidity and mortality in laboratory rabbit colonies and can affect studies involving intestinal physiology in rabbits. cache = ./cache/cord-341434-2xrdv92m.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341434-2xrdv92m.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337913-eu2gn4bl author = Stojanov, Ana title = Does Perceived Lack of Control Lead to Conspiracy Theory Beliefs? Findings from an online MTurk sample date = 2020-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7933 sentences = 414 flesch = 48 summary = Across six studies conducted online using MTurk samples, we observed no effect of control manipulations on conspiracy theory beliefs, while replicating previously reported correlational evidence of their association. Given the significance and potential consequences of widespread conspiracy beliefs [38, 39] , and the plausible but largely unsubstantiated role of control in their appeal, we here report three studies to test the effects of lack of control on conspiracy theory beliefs using a standard priming paradigm and a validated measure of conspiracy ideation, which reflects the belief that a powerful entity lies behind significant social or political events and that the conventional (official) truth is not the "real" truth. In a recent meta-analysis of experimental manipulations of control on conspiracy beliefs [68] conducted on 45 effect sizes across 23 studies (including those reported here), we found no moderating effect of sample type (MTurk vs. cache = ./cache/cord-337913-eu2gn4bl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337913-eu2gn4bl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325300-wawui0fd author = Tulchinsky, Theodore H. title = 4 Communicable Diseases date = 2000-12-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 31276 sentences = 1672 flesch = 47 summary = No less important are organized programs to promote self protection, case finding, and effective treatment of infections to stop their spread to other susceptible persons (e.g., HIV, sexually transmitted diseases, tuberculosis, malaria). Very great progress has been made in infectious disease control by clinical, public health, and societal means since 1900 in the industrialized countries and since the 1970s in the developing world. The WHO in 1998 has declared hepatitis prevention as a major public health crisis, with an estimated 170 million persons infected worldwide (1996) , stressing that this "silent epidemic" is being neglected and that screening of blood products is vital to reduce transmission of this disease as for HIu HCV is a major cause of chronic cirrhosis and liver cancer. Varicella vaccine is now recommended for routine immunization at age 12-18 months in the United States, with catch-up for children up to age 13 years and for occupationally exposed persons in health or child care settings. cache = ./cache/cord-325300-wawui0fd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325300-wawui0fd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276758-k2imddzr author = Siegel, Jane D. title = 2007 Guideline for Isolation Precautions: Preventing Transmission of Infectious Agents in Health Care Settings date = 2007-12-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 46228 sentences = 2479 flesch = 35 summary = Activities currently assigned to ICPs in response to emerging challenges include (1) surveillance and infection prevention at facilities other than acute care hospitals (eg, ambulatory clinics, day surgery centers, LTCFs, rehabilitation centers, home care); (2) oversight of employee health services related to infection prevention (eg, assessment of risk and administration of recommended treatment after exposure to infectious agents, tuberculosis screening, influenza vaccination, respiratory protection fit testing, and administration of other vaccines as indicated, such as smallpox vaccine in 2003); (3) preparedness planning for annual influenza outbreaks, pandemic influenza, SARS, and bioweapons attacks; (4) adherence monitoring for selected infection control practices; (5) oversight of risk assessment and implementation of prevention measures associated with construction and renovation; (6) prevention of transmission of MDROs; (7) evaluation of new medical products that could be associated with increased infection risk (eg, intravenous infusion materials); (8) communication with the public, facility staff, and state and local health departments concerning infection control-related issues; and (9) participation in local and multicenter research projects. cache = ./cache/cord-276758-k2imddzr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276758-k2imddzr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349159-rndtf508 author = Brosseau, Lisa M title = Selecting Controls for Minimizing SARS-CoV-2 Aerosol Transmission in Workplaces and Conserving Respiratory Protective Equipment Supplies date = 2020-08-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5946 sentences = 272 flesch = 45 summary = Built on the recognition that aerosol-transmissible organisms are likely to exhibit a dose–response function, such that higher exposures result from longer contact times or higher air concentrations, this control banding model offers a systematic method for identifying a set of source and pathway controls that could eliminate or reduce the need for receptor controls. From that perspective, occupational hygienists have an obligation Annals of Work Exposures and Health, 2020, 1-10 doi: 10.1093/annweh/wxaa083 Original Article to consider hazardous SARS-CoV-2 aerosols in workplace risk assessments and to encourage employers to utilize well-studied and proven source and pathway control strategies for minimizing aerosol exposures. (2019) proposed a control banding method for aerosol-transmissible diseases, such as COVID-19, for two reasons: (i) to identify those jobs at highest risk and (ii) encourage the use of source and pathway controls before resorting to personal protective equipment (PPE), for the ultimate goal of conserving PPE for those in the highest risk categories. cache = ./cache/cord-349159-rndtf508.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349159-rndtf508.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-015021-pol2qm74 author = nan title = Third International Congress on the Immune Consequences of Trauma, Shock and Sepsis —Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches date = 1994 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 162327 sentences = 9379 flesch = 50 summary = It is our current understanding that LPS is responsible for many of the pathophysiological events observed during gramnegative infections and that one of the major mechanisms leading to shock and death is the LPS-induced activation of macrophages resulting in the production and release of lipid and peptide mediators, among which tumor necrosis factor seems to be the most important. However plasma IL-6 estimation revealed a statistically significant reduction at 6 hours in tanrine-treated animals compared to glycino and TW controls ( Objective: To evaluate the effects of allogeneic blood transfusion, thermal injury and bacterial garage on interteukin 4 (IL-4), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) production and host mortality and to study if the administration of thymopentth (THY) could affect these events. cache = ./cache/cord-015021-pol2qm74.txt txt = ./txt/cord-015021-pol2qm74.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-005814-ak5pq312 author = nan title = 8th European Congress of Intensive Care Medicine Athens - Greece, October 18–22, 1995 Abstracts date = 1995 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 179164 sentences = 12028 flesch = 56 summary = Results: In 5 patients with treated SS, 16 tests were performed (VL n=8; Dobu n=4; NA n=4 Method: Septic shock was defined as severe sepsis with either persistent hypotension (mean arterial pressure; MAP<70 mmHg) or the requirement for a noradrenaline (NA) infusion ~> 0.1 ~g/kg/min with a MAP _< 90mmHg. Cardiovascular support was limited to NA + dobutamine (DB), 546C88 was administered for up to 8 h at a fixed dose-rate of either i, 2.5, 5, 10 or 20 mg/kg/h iv. Methods: Fourteen cases were s~udied,their gestational age ranged from(27-32)ws.Continnous positive air way pressure was applied to six cases at Peep level from (3-6)cm H2o through nasal pronge,(group I),the other 8 cases were managed as routine,(group II).Blood gases, TcPO2,TcCo2,resp.rate,depth and pattern were monitored for assessment of tissue Oxygenation and ventilation, Results: Our rasults showed that early application of CPAP improve ventilation among (83.3%)of cases,while (16.7%)of cases need IMV.The cases of group II need IMV among (75%)of the studied cases during the second or the third day of life. cache = ./cache/cord-005814-ak5pq312.txt txt = ./txt/cord-005814-ak5pq312.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-015394-uj7fe5y6 author = nan title = Scientific Abstracts date = 2008-12-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 242330 sentences = 15267 flesch = 52 summary = Studies involving immunohistochemical analysis of normal ovaries have shown that granulosa cells express significantly higher levels of the activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor, cFos compared to theca cells, where cFos expression is virtually absent. Following acute hypoxia (0.5% O2) for one to six hours, RhoA mRNA, total protein and activation (RhoA-GTP) levels were analysed, using semi-quantitative PCRs and western blot, and compared to normoxic non-pregnant human uterine smooth muscle control cells. Since there is an urgent need for non-invasive methods for determination of fetal (F) and placental (P) function, this study was designed to evaluate the genes differently and commonly expressed in P tissue and leukocytes in maternal (M) and F circulation.Material and Methods. The current study: 1) localized IL-6 mRNA levels in preeclamptic versus normal decidual sections; 2) evaluated mechanisms regulating IL-6 synthesis by targeting intracellular signaling pathways with specific inhibitors; 3) identified potential IL-6 targets by immunolocalizing the IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) to specific cell types in placental bed biopsies. cache = ./cache/cord-015394-uj7fe5y6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-015394-uj7fe5y6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-022940-atbjwpo5 author = nan title = Poster Sessions date = 2016-09-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 241182 sentences = 12746 flesch = 47 summary = We have studied the effect of inhibition of IRE1 (inositol requiring enzyme 1), which is a central mediator of endoplasmic reticulum stress and controls cell proliferation and tumor growth, on hypoxic regulation of the expression of different proliferation related genes in U87 glioma cells. Transient inhibition of Akt and mTOR protein kinase activation in tumor cells followed by reactivation of signaling pathway did not result in a time-dependent difference on EGFR, HER2 and HER3 expression levels. In our study we aimed to determine cytotoxic effect of RES in K562 human CML cell line and to evaluate the expressions of miRNAs that are associated with genetics of leukemia after treatment with RES; to investigate target genes of miRNAs which show significant expression alterations and molecular mechanisms of RES treatment. cache = ./cache/cord-022940-atbjwpo5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-022940-atbjwpo5.txt ===== Reducing email addresses cord-014540-27hnlu5v cord-134344-sxno0tfd cord-269363-drjj705k cord-325300-wawui0fd Creating transaction Updating adr table ===== Reducing keywords cord-000721-leedutqo cord-002426-5e1xn7kj cord-003602-wtestt8i cord-018213-w6sh9f3h cord-003640-psnec2qp cord-016006-7yas4yqt cord-011501-o9hmzaxm cord-006391-esnsa4u5 cord-014540-27hnlu5v cord-016171-17ut32bu cord-020941-1qwbkg9o cord-021571-7kbq0v9w cord-032542-zisirutu cord-024274-jps1j60a cord-119576-8qp8o2g2 cord-134344-sxno0tfd cord-146214-lp78l776 cord-022659-chwk2bs4 cord-190242-sb0mjhzm cord-155440-7l8tatwq cord-260693-8mfuwx8l cord-259673-z7kvf8n8 cord-225429-pz9lsaw6 cord-267416-4dzqzwx0 cord-266342-9iql8yib cord-295019-8tf8ah6g cord-266386-932nb2z9 cord-268959-wh28s0ws cord-275997-4ibeidyw cord-293041-7ndp05ru cord-299359-s8j78naz cord-295407-aq011b97 cord-306100-dkbujz83 cord-317864-44knig6g cord-267671-ys43n672 cord-284985-q3eiyp7e cord-277409-q5wx313k cord-287546-0x294f8t cord-334583-825kmicf cord-303601-o8uk6if2 cord-305207-fgvbrg8d cord-269363-drjj705k cord-309705-el5rembl cord-307946-1olapsmv cord-281635-a6ia8kxf cord-310232-n10ciwy6 cord-330956-692irru4 cord-329276-tfrjw743 cord-325032-3x5wklr4 cord-320262-9zxgaprl cord-312552-udky2ko7 cord-296226-ugeupo3u cord-340851-lnv8yi9l cord-323761-9m177ozm cord-336409-crkcxpw0 cord-342137-l67pvf73 cord-341434-2xrdv92m cord-337913-eu2gn4bl cord-325300-wawui0fd cord-276758-k2imddzr cord-349159-rndtf508 cord-015021-pol2qm74 cord-005814-ak5pq312 cord-015394-uj7fe5y6 cord-022940-atbjwpo5 Creating transaction Updating wrd table ===== Reducing urls cord-003640-psnec2qp cord-011501-o9hmzaxm cord-266342-9iql8yib cord-225429-pz9lsaw6 cord-306100-dkbujz83 cord-267671-ys43n672 cord-303601-o8uk6if2 cord-307946-1olapsmv cord-330956-692irru4 cord-329276-tfrjw743 cord-340851-lnv8yi9l cord-341434-2xrdv92m cord-325300-wawui0fd cord-276758-k2imddzr cord-022940-atbjwpo5 Creating transaction Updating url table ===== Reducing named entities cord-002426-5e1xn7kj cord-000721-leedutqo cord-003602-wtestt8i cord-016006-7yas4yqt cord-018213-w6sh9f3h cord-003640-psnec2qp cord-011501-o9hmzaxm cord-016171-17ut32bu cord-119576-8qp8o2g2 cord-014540-27hnlu5v cord-020941-1qwbkg9o cord-021571-7kbq0v9w cord-032542-zisirutu cord-134344-sxno0tfd cord-006391-esnsa4u5 cord-024274-jps1j60a cord-146214-lp78l776 cord-190242-sb0mjhzm cord-155440-7l8tatwq cord-260693-8mfuwx8l cord-259673-z7kvf8n8 cord-266342-9iql8yib cord-225429-pz9lsaw6 cord-267416-4dzqzwx0 cord-022659-chwk2bs4 cord-266386-932nb2z9 cord-295019-8tf8ah6g cord-268959-wh28s0ws cord-275997-4ibeidyw cord-299359-s8j78naz cord-293041-7ndp05ru cord-306100-dkbujz83 cord-295407-aq011b97 cord-317864-44knig6g cord-284985-q3eiyp7e cord-277409-q5wx313k cord-287546-0x294f8t cord-303601-o8uk6if2 cord-334583-825kmicf cord-305207-fgvbrg8d cord-269363-drjj705k cord-309705-el5rembl cord-281635-a6ia8kxf cord-307946-1olapsmv cord-310232-n10ciwy6 cord-267671-ys43n672 cord-329276-tfrjw743 cord-330956-692irru4 cord-325032-3x5wklr4 cord-320262-9zxgaprl cord-312552-udky2ko7 cord-296226-ugeupo3u cord-340851-lnv8yi9l cord-323761-9m177ozm cord-336409-crkcxpw0 cord-342137-l67pvf73 cord-337913-eu2gn4bl cord-349159-rndtf508 cord-325300-wawui0fd cord-341434-2xrdv92m cord-276758-k2imddzr cord-005814-ak5pq312 cord-015021-pol2qm74 cord-015394-uj7fe5y6 cord-022940-atbjwpo5 Creating transaction Updating ent table ===== Reducing parts of speech cord-000721-leedutqo cord-002426-5e1xn7kj cord-011501-o9hmzaxm cord-018213-w6sh9f3h cord-003602-wtestt8i cord-134344-sxno0tfd cord-003640-psnec2qp cord-032542-zisirutu cord-259673-z7kvf8n8 cord-016171-17ut32bu cord-260693-8mfuwx8l cord-155440-7l8tatwq cord-024274-jps1j60a cord-146214-lp78l776 cord-190242-sb0mjhzm cord-266342-9iql8yib cord-267416-4dzqzwx0 cord-119576-8qp8o2g2 cord-266386-932nb2z9 cord-268959-wh28s0ws cord-020941-1qwbkg9o cord-299359-s8j78naz cord-295407-aq011b97 cord-295019-8tf8ah6g cord-293041-7ndp05ru cord-317864-44knig6g cord-275997-4ibeidyw cord-306100-dkbujz83 cord-284985-q3eiyp7e cord-334583-825kmicf cord-305207-fgvbrg8d cord-269363-drjj705k cord-309705-el5rembl cord-014540-27hnlu5v cord-021571-7kbq0v9w cord-277409-q5wx313k cord-287546-0x294f8t cord-303601-o8uk6if2 cord-307946-1olapsmv cord-281635-a6ia8kxf cord-016006-7yas4yqt cord-310232-n10ciwy6 cord-325032-3x5wklr4 cord-330956-692irru4 cord-320262-9zxgaprl cord-312552-udky2ko7 cord-296226-ugeupo3u cord-336409-crkcxpw0 cord-340851-lnv8yi9l cord-342137-l67pvf73 cord-323761-9m177ozm cord-329276-tfrjw743 cord-349159-rndtf508 cord-337913-eu2gn4bl cord-225429-pz9lsaw6 cord-006391-esnsa4u5 cord-022659-chwk2bs4 cord-341434-2xrdv92m cord-325300-wawui0fd cord-276758-k2imddzr cord-267671-ys43n672 cord-015021-pol2qm74 cord-005814-ak5pq312 cord-022940-atbjwpo5 cord-015394-uj7fe5y6 Creating transaction Updating pos table Building ./etc/reader.txt cord-005814-ak5pq312 cord-022940-atbjwpo5 cord-276758-k2imddzr cord-276758-k2imddzr cord-225429-pz9lsaw6 cord-014540-27hnlu5v number of items: 65 sum of words: 1,462,280 average size in words: 22,496 average readability score: 47 nouns: patients; control; cells; study; results; levels; group; infection; cell; expression; disease; blood; time; mice; treatment; methods; data; analysis; protein; groups; effect; activity; days; effects; care; system; response; cases; health; model; women; studies; number; risk; role; age; level; transmission; controls; rate; use; cancer; ml; virus; day; changes; tissue; samples; infections; serum verbs: using; increasing; show; including; compared; followed; associated; induced; found; determine; reduced; suggested; decreased; measuring; developed; performed; causing; observed; based; investigated; occurs; studied; obtained; evaluate; treat; provided; reported; considered; demonstrates; identified; lead; indicate; given; related; result; produce; controls; requiring; express; affected; involve; made; detected; prevented; receiving; seen; known; taken; assessing; remains adjectives: significant; human; high; different; clinical; higher; normal; important; specific; first; non; fetal; acute; low; new; respiratory; optimal; severe; total; lower; positive; infectious; similar; early; inflammatory; immune; effective; present; many; maternal; mean; possible; major; several; anti; common; negative; pulmonary; infected; dependent; medical; pregnant; multiple; septic; available; various; small; potential; large; primary adverbs: also; significantly; however; well; respectively; therefore; often; even; especially; previously; highly; recently; statistically; usually; prior; still; furthermore; now; less; moreover; later; alone; particularly; clinically; first; together; directly; generally; currently; approximately; frequently; widely; relatively; commonly; finally; probably; rather; mainly; primarily; potentially; critically; immediately; almost; additionally; already; specifically; similarly; yet; strongly; much pronouns: we; it; their; our; its; they; i; them; us; he; his; itself; one; her; she; themselves; you; your; me; my; him; s; u; himself; em; igfbp2; mrs; mrnas; itsn2; y€; yourself; ykl-40; wi~; tv/; tnf~; tnfsf7; tnfrt; thei; thee; talens; ta; t; sflt1/; p~; p7sngf; p450scc; p206; p.dligh]cine; ourselves; ours proper nouns: TNF; C; University; mg; LPS; PCR; A; Control; II; IL-6; ICU; T; M; kg; Health; Group; B; C.; E.; S; L; S.; mRNA; USA; RNA; United; I; Fig; China; ELISA; COVID-19; L.; M.; Turkey; D; AE; G; IL; PE; Department; Hospital; Medical; CDC; Prevention; States; ARDS; Singapore; RT; Research; New keywords: control; patient; covid-19; cell; study; health; infection; disease; china; result; optimal; method; level; increase; university; tnf; prevention; pcr; il-6; group; effect; day; case; animal; rna; model; lps; hospital; high; expression; elisa; dna; dengue; conclusion; cdc; care; blood; zealand; wuhan; western; virus; united; treatment; states; singapore; sars; research; rat; rabbit; problem one topic; one dimension: control file(s): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3404102/ titles(s): Human Bocaviruses Are Not Significantly Associated with Gastroenteritis: Results of Retesting Archive DNA from a Case Control Study in the UK three topics; one dimension: patients; cells; control file(s): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7104449/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7164006/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18068815/ titles(s): Scientific Abstracts | Poster Sessions | 2007 Guideline for Isolation Precautions: Preventing Transmission of Infectious Agents in Health Care Settings five topics; three dimensions: cells levels cell; patients group blood; control health infection; control optimal model; mice infection rabbits file(s): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7104449/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7095534/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18068815/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32804940/, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124095274000109 titles(s): Scientific Abstracts | 8th European Congress of Intensive Care Medicine Athens - Greece, October 18–22, 1995 Abstracts | 2007 Guideline for Isolation Precautions: Preventing Transmission of Infectious Agents in Health Care Settings | Does Perceived Lack of Control Lead to Conspiracy Theory Beliefs? Findings from an online MTurk sample | Biology and Diseases of Rabbits Type: cord title: keyword-control-cord date: 2021-05-24 time: 22:44 username: emorgan patron: Eric Morgan email: emorgan@nd.edu input: keywords:control ==== make-pages.sh htm files ==== make-pages.sh complex files ==== make-pages.sh named enities ==== making bibliographics id: cord-320262-9zxgaprl author: Asamoah, Joshua Kiddy K. title: Global stability and cost-effectiveness analysis of COVID-19 considering the impact of the environment:using data from Ghana date: 2020-07-10 words: 3649 sentences: 257 pages: flesch: 61 cache: ./cache/cord-320262-9zxgaprl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320262-9zxgaprl.txt summary: title: Global stability and cost-effectiveness analysis of COVID-19 considering the impact of the environment:using data from Ghana that other optimal control model on COVID-19 have been studied (see for example [27, 28, 29 , 30, 31, The model further assumes that, no exposed individual transmits the disease. It is further inferred from this 310 study that; applying optimal control strategy on the rate at which the virus is released into the system, m 1 311 and m 2 , and also on the relative transmission rate due to human behaviour will considerably strike down 312 COVID-19 pandemic. Early dynamics of transmission and control 376 of COVID-19: a mathematical modelling study A model based study on the dynamics 431 of COVID-19: Prediction and control A model based study on the dynamics 431 of COVID-19: Prediction and control Modeling the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions on the dynamics of 435 novel coronavirus with optimal control analysis with a case study Modelling of rabies transmission dynamics 477 using optimal control analysis abstract: COVID-19 potentially threatens the lives and livelihood of people all over the world. The disease is presently a major health concern in Ghana and the rest of the world. Although, human to human transmission dynamics has been established, not much research is done on the dynamics of the virus in the environment and the role human play by releasing the virus into the environment. Therefore, investigating the human-environment-human by use of mathematical analysis and optimal control theory is relatively necessary. The dynamics of COVID-19 for this study is segregated into compartments as: Susceptible (S), Exposed (E), Asymptomatic (A), symptomatic (I), Recovered (R) and the Virus in the environment/surfaces (V). The basic reproduction number [Formula: see text] without controls is computed. The application of Lyapunov’s function is used to analyse the global stability of the proposed model. We fit the model to real data from Ghana in the time window 12th March 2020 to 7th May 2020, with the aid of python programming language using the least-squares method. The average basic reproduction number without controls, [Formula: see text] is approximately 2.68. An optimal control is formulated based on the sensitivity analysis. Numerical simulation of the model is also done to verify the analytic results. The admissible control set such as: effective testing and quarantine when boarders are opened, the usage of masks and face shields through media education, cleaning of surfaces with home-based detergents, practising proper cough etiquette and fumigating commercial areas; health centers is simulated in MATLAB. We used forward-backward sweep Runge-Kutta scheme which gave interesting results in the main text, for example, the cost-effectiveness analysis shows that, Strategy 4 (cleaning of surfaces with home-based detergents) is the most cost-effective strategy among all the six control intervention strategies under consideration. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32834629/ doi: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110103 id: cord-281635-a6ia8kxf author: Bellinzoni, R. C. title: Efficacy of an inactivated oil-adjuvanted rotavirus vaccine in the control of calf diarrhoea in beef herds in Argentina date: 1989-06-30 words: 3725 sentences: 166 pages: flesch: 47 cache: ./cache/cord-281635-a6ia8kxf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281635-a6ia8kxf.txt summary: title: Efficacy of an inactivated oil-adjuvanted rotavirus vaccine in the control of calf diarrhoea in beef herds in Argentina In a small-scale experimental trial, involving 21 pregnant cows (13 vaccinated and eight unvaccinated controls), a significant increase in neutralizing antibody titres against different serotypes of bovine rotaviruses was found in both the colostrum and serum of vaccinated cows compared with that of unvaccinated controls. For that reason, after several years of epidemiological studies, it was decided to develop and test an inactivated oil-adjuvanted vaccine with the aim of controlling diarrhoea in beef and dairy herds in Argentina. The results showed that the oil-adjuvanted rotavirus vaccine tested was effective in the control of calf neonatal diarrhoea in Argentina. As shown in Figure 1 , compared with controls, vaccinated cows showed significantly higher neutralizing antibody levels against rotavirus in serum, colostrum and milk until at least 30 days after calving. abstract: Abstract We have assessed the potency of an inactivated oil-adjuvanted rotavirus vaccine in beef herds in Argentina. Two different vaccine trials were conducted. In a small-scale experimental trial, involving 21 pregnant cows (13 vaccinated and eight unvaccinated controls), a significant increase in neutralizing antibody titres against different serotypes of bovine rotaviruses was found in both the colostrum and serum of vaccinated cows compared with that of unvaccinated controls. Seven days after birth, half of the calves born to vaccinated dams or to control cows were challenged with live virulent virus whereas the other half of both groups were left in contact with the infected calves in order to mimic a natural field challenge. Although no statistically significant differences in the rate of protection were observed among the different groups of animals, a larger number of vaccinated calves were protected in comparison with their controls, particularly where animals in contact with infected calves were concerned. Secondly, a large-scale field trial was carried out in 17 beef herds involving a total of 4066 vaccinated pregnant cows. In 11 farms morbidity and mortality in calves from vaccinated cows were compared with historical data from the previous 3 years at the same locations. In the other six herds, control groups were used to compare data of the same year: 1540 cows were vaccinated and 2700 were left as controls. Taking into account the previous and current incidence of diarrhoea, morbidity and mortality were significantly reduced in 16 of the 17 beef herds tested. Vaccine effectiveness was also evident in farms where other enteropathogens such as cryptosporidium and coronaviruses were present, together with rotavirus. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2551102/ doi: 10.1016/0264-410x(89)90241-7 id: cord-267416-4dzqzwx0 author: Bolzoni, Luca title: Time-optimal control strategies in SIR epidemic models date: 2017-10-31 words: 6886 sentences: 442 pages: flesch: 58 cache: ./cache/cord-267416-4dzqzwx0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267416-4dzqzwx0.txt summary: Abstract We investigate the time-optimal control problem in SIR (Susceptible-Infected-Recovered) epidemic models, focusing on different control policies: vaccination, isolation, culling, and reduction of transmission. On the other hand, the optimal control theory has been widely applied to solve the problem of minimizing the total number of infected individuals (or the total infectious burden) in basic SIR (Susceptible-Infected-Recovered) epidemic models by means of different control policies, such as: the implementation of emergency prophylactic vaccination plans, the isolation of infected individuals, the reduction of disease transmission through the limitation of contacts between individuals, and non-selective culling [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] . Here, by using simple SIR models in an optimal control framework [26] , we thoroughly investigate the problem of minimizing the epidemic duration by using prophylactic vaccination, isolation, non-selective culling, or reduction of transmission controls. abstract: Abstract We investigate the time-optimal control problem in SIR (Susceptible-Infected-Recovered) epidemic models, focusing on different control policies: vaccination, isolation, culling, and reduction of transmission. Applying the Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle (PMP) to the unconstrained control problems (i.e. without costs of control or resource limitations), we prove that, for all the policies investigated, only bang–bang controls with at most one switch are admitted. When a switch occurs, the optimal strategy is to delay the control action some amount of time and then apply the control at the maximum rate for the remainder of the outbreak. This result is in contrast with previous findings on the unconstrained problems of minimizing the total infectious burden over an outbreak, where the optimal strategy is to use the maximal control for the entire epidemic. Then, the critical consequence of our results is that, in a wide range of epidemiological circumstances, it may be impossible to minimize the total infectious burden while minimizing the epidemic duration, and vice versa. Moreover, numerical simulations highlighted additional unexpected results, showing that the optimal control can be delayed also when the control reproduction number is lower than one and that the switching time from no control to maximum control can even occur after the peak of infection has been reached. Our results are especially important for livestock diseases where the minimization of outbreaks duration is a priority due to sanitary restrictions imposed to farms during ongoing epidemics, such as animal movements and export bans. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mbs.2017.07.011 doi: 10.1016/j.mbs.2017.07.011 id: cord-334583-825kmicf author: Bonyah, Ebenezer title: Optimal control application to an Ebola model date: 2016-03-08 words: 3579 sentences: 214 pages: flesch: 57 cache: ./cache/cord-334583-825kmicf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334583-825kmicf.txt summary: Optimal control theory is applied to a system of ordinary differential equations which is modeling Ebola infection through three different routes including contact between humans and a dead body. The holding is incorporated in the model by adding a control term that may minimize the treatment failure rate of individuals with Ebola disease. The "case holding" control, u 2 (t) deals with effort needed to identify the proportion of typical Ebola exposed individuals that is known and will be put under treatment in order to reduce the number of individuals that may turn to be infectious. The term u 3 (t) deals with the effort that ensures those that are infectious both in the first and super infection stages are given treatment and monitored to take their drugs in order to minimize the number of individuals developing and dying of Ebola. In this work, mathematical model of Ebola disease with three possible routes of transmission that include prevention and two treatment measures as optimal control has been examined. abstract: Ebola virus is a severe, frequently fatal illness, with a case fatality rate up to 90%. The outbreak of the disease has been acknowledged by World Health Organization as Public Health Emergency of International Concern. The threat of Ebola in West Africa is still a major setback to the socioeconomic development. Optimal control theory is applied to a system of ordinary differential equations which is modeling Ebola infection through three different routes including contact between humans and a dead body. In an attempt to reduce infection in susceptible population, a preventive control is put in the form of education and campaign and two treatment controls are applied to infected and late-stage infected (super) human population. The Pontryagins maximum principle is employed to characterize optimality control, which is then solved numerically. It is observed that time optimal control is existed in the model. The activation of each control showed a positive reduction of infection. The overall effect of activation of all the controls simultaneously reduced the effort required for the reduction of the infection quickly. The obtained results present a good framework for planning and designing cost-effective strategies for good interventions in dealing with Ebola disease. It is established that in order to reduce Ebola threat all the three controls must be taken into consideration concurrently. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2221169116301599 doi: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.01.012 id: cord-349159-rndtf508 author: Brosseau, Lisa M title: Selecting Controls for Minimizing SARS-CoV-2 Aerosol Transmission in Workplaces and Conserving Respiratory Protective Equipment Supplies date: 2020-08-21 words: 5946 sentences: 272 pages: flesch: 45 cache: ./cache/cord-349159-rndtf508.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349159-rndtf508.txt summary: Built on the recognition that aerosol-transmissible organisms are likely to exhibit a dose–response function, such that higher exposures result from longer contact times or higher air concentrations, this control banding model offers a systematic method for identifying a set of source and pathway controls that could eliminate or reduce the need for receptor controls. From that perspective, occupational hygienists have an obligation Annals of Work Exposures and Health, 2020, 1-10 doi: 10.1093/annweh/wxaa083 Original Article to consider hazardous SARS-CoV-2 aerosols in workplace risk assessments and to encourage employers to utilize well-studied and proven source and pathway control strategies for minimizing aerosol exposures. (2019) proposed a control banding method for aerosol-transmissible diseases, such as COVID-19, for two reasons: (i) to identify those jobs at highest risk and (ii) encourage the use of source and pathway controls before resorting to personal protective equipment (PPE), for the ultimate goal of conserving PPE for those in the highest risk categories. abstract: With growing evidence of inhalation of small infectious particles as an important mode of transmission for SARS-CoV-2, workplace risk assessments should focus on eliminating or minimizing such exposures by applying the hierarchy of controls. We adapt a control banding model for aerosol-transmissible infectious disease pandemic planning to encourage the use of source and pathway controls before receptor controls (personal protective equipment). Built on the recognition that aerosol-transmissible organisms are likely to exhibit a dose–response function, such that higher exposures result from longer contact times or higher air concentrations, this control banding model offers a systematic method for identifying a set of source and pathway controls that could eliminate or reduce the need for receptor controls. We describe several examples for workers at high risk of exposure in essential or return to work categories. The goal of using control banding for such workers is to develop effective infection and disease prevention programs and conserve personal protective equipment. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxaa083 doi: 10.1093/annweh/wxaa083 id: cord-310232-n10ciwy6 author: Cheung, Wing title: Maternal anxiety and feelings of control during labour: A study of Chinese first-time pregnant women date: 2007-06-30 words: 4980 sentences: 229 pages: flesch: 47 cache: ./cache/cord-310232-n10ciwy6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310232-n10ciwy6.txt summary: Abstract Objective to explore and examine the relationship between maternal anxiety levels and feelings of control during labour among Hong Kong Chinese first-time pregnant women. Recent studies have suggested that feelings of control during labour are one of the important factors contributing to maternal childbirth satisfaction (Gibbins and Thomson, 2001) , and women should be empowered through knowledge of what to expect from accurate information received about the birth process. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between Hong Kong Chinese first-time pregnant women''s anxiety levels and their feelings of control during labour. It was envisaged that the results of this study could (1) increase understanding of the psychological parameters of Chinese women in childbirth; (2) help in explaining women''s unspoken high anxiety level and its relationship with their feelings of control during labour; and (3) help midwives to develop appropriate strategies to enhance positive childbirth experience for their clients. abstract: Abstract Objective to explore and examine the relationship between maternal anxiety levels and feelings of control during labour among Hong Kong Chinese first-time pregnant women. Design an exploratory descriptive correlation design. Data were collected on three occasions: during latent phase of labour, during active phase of labour and within 24–48 hrs after delivery. Setting an obstetric unit of a public teaching hospital in Hong Kong. Participants a convenience sample of 90 Hong Kong Chinese first-time mothers. Measurements and findings the Labour Agentry Scale (LAS) is a self-report scale designed to measure feelings of control during childbirth. A Visual Analogue Scale for anxiety (VAS-A) was used to measure women's self-reported level of anxiety during labour. Pearson Product Moment Correlation coefficient test indicated a significant negative relationship between the feelings of control and maternal anxiety during labour. No statistical relationships were detected between women's attendance at antenatal classes and feelings of control during labour. Key conclusions the study showed a significant negative relationship between maternal anxiety and feelings of control during labour. Implications for practice midwives should work with women to enhance their personal control during labour and satisfaction with their birth. The insignificant relationship between attendance at antenatal classes and feelings of control suggests the need to evaluate the content of childbirth education in order to empower women's control during labour. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0266613806000568 doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2006.05.001 id: cord-306100-dkbujz83 author: Chughtai, Abrar A. title: Policies on the use of respiratory protection for hospital health workers to protect from coronavirus disease (COVID-19) date: 2020-03-13 words: 2673 sentences: 151 pages: flesch: 49 cache: ./cache/cord-306100-dkbujz83.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306100-dkbujz83.txt summary: As drugs or vaccines are not yet available, various non-pharmaceutical measures have been recommended to reduce the spread of infection, including hygiene and disinfection, improving environmental control, early detection and reporting, isolation, quarantine, use of personal protective equipment, social distancing and travel restrictions (( World Health Organization (WHO) 2014 ; Bell et al., 2006 ) ). Masks and respirators are commonly used to protect healthcare workers from respiratory infections, particularly during the initial periods of outbreaks/ pandemics when other control measures not yet available ( Aiello et al., 2010 a; Aledort et al., 2007 ) . History is repeating itself with the same controversies around powered air purifying respirators during the The only similarity is that all health organisations and countries generally recommend the use of masks by suspected or infected cases of COVID-19 (i.e. source control) to prevent spread of infections. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0020748920300523 doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103567 id: cord-342137-l67pvf73 author: Collins, Charles title: Schistosomiasis control and the health system in P.R. China date: 2012-11-01 words: 5609 sentences: 262 pages: flesch: 44 cache: ./cache/cord-342137-l67pvf73.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342137-l67pvf73.txt summary: These cover the policy-making process, intersectoral action for health, equity and access to health services, funding for public goods and externalities, and strengthening resource management and planning. These issues form the basis of an agenda for integrating research and capacity strengthening in the Chinese health system with a view to creating a more positive enabling environment for schistosomiasis control. The debate over the vertical and/or horizontal nature of disease control programmes has occupied an important place in health systems analysis, together with discussions over the nature of integration and the specific circumstances in which integration is or is not appropriate [8] [9] [10] [11] . The paper concludes by analysing four emerging themes; the role and integrity of the public sector, the importance of equity for infectious diseases of poverty, the significance of health systems development, and the importance of advocacy. abstract: Over the last sixty years advances have been made in the control of schistosomiasis in P.R. China. There are, however, difficult challenges still to be met. This paper looks at the extent to which the health system offers a positive environment for the control of the disease. It starts by tracing three phases in schistosomiasis control: disease elimination strategy through snail control (1950s-early 1980s); morbidity control strategy based on chemotherapy (mid 1980s to 2003); integrated control strategy (2004+). Each one of these phases took place in distinct policy-making environments. The paper partly draws on these phases to set out five issues of disease control and discusses them in the context of the health system and its recent trends. These cover the policy-making process, intersectoral action for health, equity and access to health services, funding for public goods and externalities, and strengthening resource management and planning. These issues form the basis of an agenda for integrating research and capacity strengthening in the Chinese health system with a view to creating a more positive enabling environment for schistosomiasis control. In so doing it is important to emphasize the role and integrity of the public sector against its commercialization, the underlying value of equity, a systems wide perspective, and the role of advocacy. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/2049-9957-1-8 doi: 10.1186/2049-9957-1-8 id: cord-309705-el5rembl author: Dantés, Héctor Gómez title: Prevention and control of Aedes transmitted infections in the post-pandemic scenario of COVID-19: challenges and opportunities for the region of the Americas date: 2020-08-05 words: 2688 sentences: 118 pages: flesch: 37 cache: ./cache/cord-309705-el5rembl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309705-el5rembl.txt summary: The occurrence of arboviral diseases with COVID-19 in the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region presents challenges and opportunities for strengthening health services, surveillance and control programs. The fear of contagion by COVID-19 is constraining people with arboviral diseases to search for care which can lead to an increase in serious cases and could disrupt the operation of vector-control programs due to the reluctance of residents to open their doors to health personnel. Despite having limited information on the direct impact on human health of the interaction of arboviral diseases with COVID-19, (12) it is essential that all efforts be made to protect populations at risk (13) since Aedes-transmitted diseases (ATDs) mainly affect vulnerable populations living in poor urban or rural areas and in houses with limited access to sewerage and drinking water services. Given the emergence of COVID-19, it is essential that countries commit to supporting this Plan of Action and strengthen their surveillance and control programs in an integrated way where new epidemiological circumstances are seen as challenges and opportunities and much less as disbeliefs or limitations. abstract: The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic challenges public health systems around the world. Tropical countries will face complex epidemiological scenarios involving the simultaneous transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with viruses transmitted by Aedes aegypti. The occurrence of arboviral diseases with COVID-19 in the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region presents challenges and opportunities for strengthening health services, surveillance and control programs. Financing of training, equipment and reconversion of hospital spaces will have a negative effect on already the limited resource directed to the health sector. The strengthening of the diagnostic infrastructure reappears as an opportunity for the national reference laboratories. Sharing of epidemiological information for the modeling of epidemiological scenarios allows collaboration between health, academic and scientific institutions. The fear of contagion by COVID-19 is constraining people with arboviral diseases to search for care which can lead to an increase in serious cases and could disrupt the operation of vector-control programs due to the reluctance of residents to open their doors to health personnel. Promoting intense community participation along with the incorporation of long lasting innovations in vector control offers new opportunities for control. The COVID-19 pandemic offers challenges and opportunities that must provoke positive behavioral changes and encourage more permanent self-care actions. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32785481/ doi: 10.1590/0074-02760200284 id: cord-002426-5e1xn7kj author: Falcón-Lezama, Jorge Abelardo title: Analysis of spatial mobility in subjects from a Dengue endemic urban locality in Morelos State, Mexico date: 2017-02-22 words: 5944 sentences: 261 pages: flesch: 49 cache: ./cache/cord-002426-5e1xn7kj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-002426-5e1xn7kj.txt summary: MATERIALS AND METHODS: We carried out a cohort-nested, case-control study with 126 individuals (42 cases, 42 intradomestic controls and 42 population controls) with the goal of describing human mobility patterns of recently Dengue virus-infected subjects, and comparing them with those of non-infected subjects living in an urban endemic locality. CONCLUSIONS: Results of this study show that human mobility in a small urban setting exceeded that considered by local health authority''s administrative limits, and was different between recently infected and non-infected subjects living in the same household. These observations provide important insights about the role that human mobility may have in Dengue virus transmission and persistence across endemic geographic areas that need to be taken into account when planning preventive and control measures. Sample: 126 individuals (42 cases, 42 intradomestic controls and 42 population controls) with age older than 12, and residents in Axochiapan, Morelos State, México, were selected from the cohort "Peridomestic infection as determinant for Dengue virus transmission" [13] . abstract: INTRODUCTION: Mathematical models and field data suggest that human mobility is an important driver for Dengue virus transmission. Nonetheless little is known on this matter due the lack of instruments for precise mobility quantification and study design difficulties. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We carried out a cohort-nested, case-control study with 126 individuals (42 cases, 42 intradomestic controls and 42 population controls) with the goal of describing human mobility patterns of recently Dengue virus-infected subjects, and comparing them with those of non-infected subjects living in an urban endemic locality. Mobility was quantified using a GPS-data logger registering waypoints at 60-second intervals for a minimum of 15 natural days. RESULTS: Although absolute displacement was highly biased towards the intradomestic and peridomestic areas, occasional displacements exceeding a 100-Km radius from the center of the studied locality were recorded for all three study groups and individual displacements were recorded traveling across six states from central Mexico. Additionally, cases had a larger number of visits out of the municipality´s administrative limits when compared to intradomestic controls (cases: 10.4 versus intradomestic controls: 2.9, p = 0.0282). We were able to identify extradomestic places within and out of the locality that were independently visited by apparently non-related infected subjects, consistent with houses, working and leisure places. CONCLUSIONS: Results of this study show that human mobility in a small urban setting exceeded that considered by local health authority’s administrative limits, and was different between recently infected and non-infected subjects living in the same household. These observations provide important insights about the role that human mobility may have in Dengue virus transmission and persistence across endemic geographic areas that need to be taken into account when planning preventive and control measures. Finally, these results are a valuable reference when setting the parameters for future mathematical modeling studies. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5321279/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172313 id: cord-312552-udky2ko7 author: Fouque, Florence title: Introduction to a Landscape Analysis of Multisectoral Approaches for Prevention and Control of Infectious and Vector-Borne Diseases date: 2020-10-29 words: 3862 sentences: 150 pages: flesch: 33 cache: ./cache/cord-312552-udky2ko7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312552-udky2ko7.txt summary: The Swiss Development Cooperation, Canada''s International Development Research Centre, the Swiss Tropical Public Health Institute, and the UNICEF/United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)/World Bank/World Health Organization (WHO) Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR) collaborated on a project to review, understand and promote the use of multisectoral approaches (MSAs) in the prevention and control of vector-borne diseases (VBDs). The SDC, the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) from Canada, the Swiss TPH, and the UNICEF/United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)/World Bank/World Health Organization (WHO) Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR) agreed on a collaborative activity, started in late 2016, to better understand the landscape, the building blocks, and the processes of an MSA for the prevention and control of VBDs and to implement selected case studies to test these approaches. abstract: The Swiss Development Cooperation, Canada’s International Development Research Centre, the Swiss Tropical Public Health Institute, and the UNICEF/United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)/World Bank/World Health Organization (WHO) Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR) collaborated on a project to review, understand and promote the use of multisectoral approaches (MSAs) in the prevention and control of vector-borne diseases (VBDs). The objectives of the project were to support a landscape analysis of how MSAs have been used in the prevention and control of VBDs; to develop a theoretical framework for guiding the implementation of interventions; and to test the recommendations in real-life conditions. To realize these objectives, the project supported several activities, including commissioning a series of scientific reviews on MSAs in 5 thematic areas, sharing the key findings of these reviews in workshops and events, and developing a guidance framework for the implementation of MSAs. These activities have produced the theoretical framework that will be tested in real-life conditions through the support of case studies. The collaboration on implementing multisectoral activities against VBDs will continue among TDR, the Swiss Tropical Public Health Institute, and new partners such as the WHO Water Sanitation and Hygiene Group, UNDP, and UN-Habitat, in order to face the challenges identified and propose solutions tailored to specific contexts. The prevention and control of VBDs require strong and adapted MSAs with the full participation of all relevant sectors. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaa489 doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa489 id: cord-336409-crkcxpw0 author: Ganasegeran, Kurubaran title: COVID-19 in Malaysia: Crucial measures in critical times date: 2020-08-11 words: 1484 sentences: 72 pages: flesch: 45 cache: ./cache/cord-336409-crkcxpw0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336409-crkcxpw0.txt summary: Albeit the global COVID-19 pandemic trend is increasing, Malaysia is seeing a decrease on the number of infections, with high recoveries and low mortality rates [1] . This viewpoint aims to discuss the targeted containment strategies executed by Malaysia, which till date is showing positive responses in controlling the spread of COVID-19. (2) high compliance on the practice of physical distancing measures and the usage of face mask; (3) reducing flight and public transportation services; (4) self-quarantine at home; (5) changes to crucial essential services like funerals to minimize crowd size and exposure to body fluids; and (6) avoidance of misinformation -verified and clear information regarding COVID-19 needs to be delivered on-time and consistently to the public to avoid fake news, rumors and panic. With declining trend of positive cases, Malaysia executed a relaxed Conditional Movement Control Order (CMCO) that aims to carefully re-open the country''s major economy in phases [1] . abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.10.020333 doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.020333 id: cord-268959-wh28s0ws author: Gao, Da-peng title: Optimal control analysis of a tuberculosis model()() date: 2017-12-29 words: 4628 sentences: 303 pages: flesch: 58 cache: ./cache/cord-268959-wh28s0ws.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268959-wh28s0ws.txt summary: [8] in 2002, the time dependent optimal control strategies have been employed in the study of dynamics of TB mathematical models by many authors (see, for example, [8, [26] [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34] ). First, a "case finding" (identification of latently infected individuals) control mechanism is incorporated in model (1.1) by replacing constant vaccination rate with u 1 ( t ). Following the idea of Kumar and Srivastava [14] , in this paper, the cost constructions that account for high nonlinear relationship (nonlinearity of order four i.e. u 4 1 (t) ) between cost and effort s during vaccination process has been employed in the application of optimal control to TB mathematical models. Our goal is to minimize the number of infected individuals (including latent, infectious, being treated individuals) with TB virus while at the same time keeping the cost of implementing these three control strategies very low. Vaccination and treatment as control interventions in an infectious disease model with their cost optimization abstract: In this paper, we extend the model of Liu and Zhang (Math Comput Model 54:836-845, 2011) by incorporating three control terms and apply optimal control theory to the resulting model. Optimal control strategies are proposed to minimize both the disease burden and the intervention cost. We prove the existence and uniqueness of optimal control paths and obtain these optimal paths analytically using Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle. We analyse our results numerically to compare various strategies of proposed controls. It is observed that implementation of three controls is most effective and less expensive among all the strategies. Thus, we conclude that in order to reduce tuberculosis threat all the three controls must be taken into consideration concurrently. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2017.12.027 doi: 10.1016/j.apm.2017.12.027 id: cord-275997-4ibeidyw author: Goldrick, Barbara A. title: The practice of infection control and applied epidemiology: A historical perspective date: 2005-10-31 words: 5092 sentences: 268 pages: flesch: 46 cache: ./cache/cord-275997-4ibeidyw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275997-4ibeidyw.txt summary: In keeping with its philosophy of quality health care and responsible public reporting, the Association of Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc, continues to explore the issue of mandatory reporting of HAIs. The practice of infection control and applied epidemiology: A historical perspective Barbara A. In addition, the current trend toward mandatory reporting of health care-associated infections (HAIs) among several states will add more tasks for ICPs with limited resources, at the risk of spending less time on prevention and control activities. In addition, the current trend toward mandatory reporting of health care-associated infections (HAIs) among several states will add more tasks for ICPs with limited resources, at the risk of spending less time on prevention and control activities. Ninety-five tasks identified in the 1992 PA were organized into 5 major practice dimensions describing the responsibilities of ICPs in the United States and Canada: infectious process, surveillance/epidemiologic investigation, transmission of infection, management and communication, and education 14 (Table 1) ; however, new tasks were added, and outdated tasks were eliminated. abstract: The United States health care system and patient populations have changed substantially over the past several decades. The practice of infection control also has evolved since the landmark Study on the Efficacy of Nosocomial Infection Control project, and infection control professionals (ICPs) must continue to develop the knowledge and skills necessary to practice infection prevention and control. Practice analyses of infection control conducted between 1982 and 2001 were analyzed to determine changes in practice. These data reflect a 145% increase in infection control activities over a 20-year period. However, resources for infection control and prevention have not kept pace with this increased activity. In addition, the current trend toward mandatory reporting of health care-associated infections (HAIs) among several states will add more tasks for ICPs with limited resources, at the risk of spending less time on prevention and control activities. In keeping with its philosophy of quality health care and responsible public reporting, the Association of Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc, continues to explore the issue of mandatory reporting of HAIs. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196655305007388 doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2005.04.250 id: cord-134344-sxno0tfd author: Gondim, Joao A. M. title: Optimal quarantine strategies for the COVID-19 pandemic in a population with a discrete age structure date: 2020-05-19 words: 3123 sentences: 191 pages: flesch: 64 cache: ./cache/cord-134344-sxno0tfd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-134344-sxno0tfd.txt summary: We then compare the optimal controls for different quarantine lengths and distribution of the total control cost by assessing their respective reductions in deaths in comparison to the same period without quarantine. We then compare the optimal controls for different quarantine lengths and distribution of the total control cost by assessing their respective reductions in deaths in comparison to the same period without quarantine. Our goal is to calculate the optimal quarantine strategies numerically for different choices of parameters in the model, which reflect the decisions governments must make when implementing these policies, such as evaluating the economical costs of the quarantine for each of the age groups and when to start implementing the measures. and Q i (t) be the number of susceptible, exposed, infected, recovered and quarantined individuals in each age group at time t ≥ 0, respectively. Optimal quarantine strategies for covid-19 control models abstract: The goal of this work is to study the optimal controls for the COVID-19 epidemic in Brazil. We consider an age-structured SEIRQ model with quarantine compartment, where the controls are the quarantine entrance parameters. We then compare the optimal controls for different quarantine lengths and distribution of the total control cost by assessing their respective reductions in deaths in comparison to the same period without quarantine. The best strategy provides a calendar of when to relax the isolation measures for each age group. Finally, we analyse how a delay in the beginning of the quarantine affects this calendar by changing the initial conditions. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.09786v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-020941-1qwbkg9o author: HODDLE, MARK S. title: Biological Control of Vertebrate Pests date: 2007-09-02 words: 14119 sentences: 661 pages: flesch: 35 cache: ./cache/cord-020941-1qwbkg9o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-020941-1qwbkg9o.txt summary: Historical records indicate that the majority of attempts at vertebrate biological control have been ad hoc efforts and not the product of careful studies designed to elucidate factors and conditions likely to affect the impact of natural enemy introductions on pest populations. Biological control should be fostered internationally because many countries experience similar problems (e.g., rabbits are agricultural pests in Argentina, Australia, Chile, Europe, and New Zealand; rats, cats, and dogs attack endangered faunas on many oceanic islands; feral pigs and goats in New Zealand, Australia, and the United States degrade habitat and threaten endangered flora). Rabbit populations in Australia and New Zealand are maintained at low levels by introduced predators, but regulation only occurs after pest numbers have been reduced by other means. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7148587/ doi: 10.1016/b978-012257305-7/50085-0 id: cord-021571-7kbq0v9w author: Heath, Joan A. title: Infections Acquired in the Nursery: Epidemiology and Control date: 2009-05-19 words: 21244 sentences: 1014 pages: flesch: 41 cache: ./cache/cord-021571-7kbq0v9w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-021571-7kbq0v9w.txt summary: The fact that a hand hygiene campaign was associated with increased hand hygiene compliance and a lower rate of CONS-positive cultures supports this ~ontention.''~ Enterococcus has been shown to account for 10% of total nosocomial infections in neonates, 6% to 15% of bloodstream infections, 0% to 5% of cases of pneumonia, 17% of urinary tract infections, and 9% of surgical site Sepsis and meningitis are common manifestations of enterococcal infection during NICU outbreak^''^,^^; however, polymicrobial bacteremia and NEC frequently accompany enterococcal sepsis.77 Identified risk factors for enterococcal sepsis, after adjustment for birth weight, include use of a nonumbilical CVC, prolonged presence of a CVC, and bowel resection?'' Because Enterococcus colonizes the gastrointestinal tract and can survive for long periods of time on inanimate surfaces, the patient''s environment may become contaminated and, along with the infant, serve as a reservoir for ongoing spread of the organism. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7150280/ doi: 10.1016/b0-72-160537-0/50037-2 id: cord-325032-3x5wklr4 author: Jiang, Shanhe title: Semiformal Organizations and Control During the COVID-19 Crisis in China date: 2020-10-30 words: 6929 sentences: 351 pages: flesch: 47 cache: ./cache/cord-325032-3x5wklr4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325032-3x5wklr4.txt summary: Using a survey data collected during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic in China, this study investigated the prevalence and importance of semiformal organizations, formal organizations, and informal groups participating in social control and social service and the predictors of the perceived importance of these three forms of social control mechanisms. The table is based on the data from the respondents'' answers to this question: "During the COVID-19 lockdown period, who participated in the following activities: checkpoint inspection, health screening, food supplies, drug supplies, sanitization, and information distribution." The choices included residents'' or village committee, government agencies or officers, community police or police officers, volunteers, regular citizens, and no action. In sum, formal organizations, government agencies and police, the semiformal organizations, residents'' committee in urban areas and village committee in rural areas, and informal groups or individuals, volunteers, and regular citizens, all participated in community control and service. abstract: Scholars often compare China and Western societies in terms of dichotomous forms of control—formal and informal. Recent research indicates a nuanced form of social control—semiformal. Using a survey data collected during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic in China, this study investigated the prevalence and importance of semiformal organizations, formal organizations, and informal groups participating in social control and social service and the predictors of the perceived importance of these three forms of social control mechanisms. Findings from this study revealed that formal organizations, the semiformal organizations, and informal groups all participated in community control and service. Semiformal organizations had the highest level of participation. This study found that education and age are the two major predictors of the views on the importance of formal, informal, and semiformal control and control mechanisms. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11417-020-09334-z doi: 10.1007/s11417-020-09334-z id: cord-003602-wtestt8i author: Jung, Eunok title: Strategies in regulating glioblastoma signaling pathways and anti-invasion therapy date: 2019-04-22 words: 8897 sentences: 460 pages: flesch: 45 cache: ./cache/cord-003602-wtestt8i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-003602-wtestt8i.txt summary: In this work, optimal control theory was applied to regulate intracellular signaling pathways of miR-451–AMPK–mTOR–cell cycle dynamics via glucose and drug intravenous administration infusions. The core control system predicts bistability and hysteresis bifurcation when delayed down-regulation of miR-451 activities along certain molecular pathways would induce glioma cells to stay longer in the proliferative phase despite relatively low glucose concentrations, making this mechanism a therapeutic target. In the current investigation, we aim to regulate the amount of glucose and drug infusions to up-regulate miR-451 and mTOR above its threshold values inducing cell proliferation Strategies in regulating glioblastoma signaling pathways and anti-invasion therapy avoiding migration to neighboring tissues. The mutual antagonistic mechanism Strategies in regulating glioblastoma signaling pathways and anti-invasion therapy between miR-451 (mTOR) and AMPK complex and the cell''s strategic metabolic adaptation support the survival of cancer cells even in a nutrient-deprived microenvironment [14, 55] . abstract: Glioblastoma multiforme is one of the most invasive type of glial tumors, which rapidly grows and commonly spreads into nearby brain tissue. It is a devastating brain cancer that often results in death within approximately 12 to 15 months after diagnosis. In this work, optimal control theory was applied to regulate intracellular signaling pathways of miR-451–AMPK–mTOR–cell cycle dynamics via glucose and drug intravenous administration infusions. Glucose level is controlled to activate miR-451 in the up-stream pathway of the model. A potential drug blocking the inhibitory pathway of mTOR by AMPK complex is incorporated to explore regulation of the down-stream pathway to the cell cycle. Both miR-451 and mTOR levels are up-regulated inducing cell proliferation and reducing invasion in the neighboring tissues. Concomitant and alternating glucose and drug infusions are explored under various circumstances to predict best clinical outcomes with least administration costs. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6476530/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215547 id: cord-266342-9iql8yib author: Kokkoris, Michail D. title: Staying on track in turbulent times: Trait self-control and goal pursuit during self-quarantine date: 2021-02-15 words: 2401 sentences: 115 pages: flesch: 52 cache: ./cache/cord-266342-9iql8yib.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266342-9iql8yib.txt summary: High self-control people''s ability to continue performing pre-pandemic goal-directed behaviors and to turn new behaviors into habits explained their success at goal attainment despite the major disruptions caused by the pandemic. At the same time, regardless of whether high self-control people were more likely to continue engaging in their pre-pandemic goal-directed behaviors, it is intriguing whether self-control promotes flexibility and the ability to develop new goal-directed behaviors to adapt to the current situation as well. Thus, we investigated whether people with higher self-control would be more flexible to adjust to the new situation, would find it easier to develop new behaviors to reach their goals and would be more likely to turn these behaviors into habits that support their goal pursuit. lower) self-control made more progress towards their goals, and whether they did so by continuing performing their pre-existing goal-directed behaviors and/or by being more flexible and able to develop new behaviors and turn them into habits. abstract: Prior research has shown that routines and beneficial habits largely explain high self-control people's success at goal pursuit. However, COVID-19 self-quarantine measures and country-level lockdowns have largely challenged people's ability to stick to their daily routines and habits. How successful at goal pursuit are people with high self-control when the world around them is not as it used to be? We examined if self-control passes the ‘quarantine test’. In an online study (N = 271), we measured trait self-control, goal progress, continued engagement in pre-pandemic goal-directed behaviors, development of new goal-directed behaviors and turning these new behaviors into habits. Results showed that during lockdown, people with higher (vs. lower) trait self-control were not only more likely to continue engaging in pre-pandemic goal-directed behaviors, but also found it easier to develop new goal-directed behaviors and were more likely to turn these behaviors into habits. High self-control people's ability to continue performing pre-pandemic goal-directed behaviors and to turn new behaviors into habits explained their success at goal attainment despite the major disruptions caused by the pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110454 doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110454 id: cord-011501-o9hmzaxm author: Kühnel, Martina B title: How short is too short? A randomised controlled trial evaluating short-term existential behavioural therapy for informal caregivers of palliative patients date: 2020-04-29 words: 5524 sentences: 332 pages: flesch: 48 cache: ./cache/cord-011501-o9hmzaxm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-011501-o9hmzaxm.txt summary: A randomised controlled trial evaluating short-term existential behavioural therapy for informal caregivers of palliative patients Self-efficacy, scepticism of benefit of the intervention, belief of better coping alone and support by family and friends were significant factors in declining participation in the randomised controlled trial. Secondary outcomes were informal caregivers'' levels of anxiety, subjective distress and minor mental disorders, positive and negative affect, satisfaction with life, quality of life and direct health care costs. The interaction effect between the group (sEBT/control) and the time of investigation was not included in the main models as it was not significantly different from zero, except for psychological impairment. This randomised controlled trial studied the impact of sEBT on depression, anxiety, subjective distress, minor mental disorders, positive and negative affect, satisfaction with life, quality of life and direct health care costs. Caregivers who declined the intervention did not differ significantly from participants of the randomised controlled trial in outcomes at any assessment. abstract: BACKGROUND: Informal caregivers of palliative patients show higher levels of depression and distress compared with the general population. Fegg’s (2013) existential behavioural therapy was shortened to two individual 1-h sessions (short-term existential behavioural therapy). AIM: Testing the effectiveness of sEBT on psychological symptoms of informal caregivers in comparison with active control. DESIGN: Randomised controlled trial. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: Informal caregivers of palliative in-patients. METHODS: The primary outcome was depression; secondary outcomes were anxiety, subjective distress and minor mental disorders, positive and negative affect, satisfaction with life, quality of life and direct health care costs. General linear mixed models allow several measurements per participant and change over time. Reasons for declining the intervention were investigated by Rosenstock’s Health Belief Model. RESULTS: Overall inclusion rate was 41.0%. Data of 157 caregivers were available (63.1% females; mean age: 54.6 years, standard deviation (SD): 14.1); 127 participants were included in the main analysis. Participation in sEBT or active control was not significantly associated with post-treatment depression. Outcomes showed prevailingly significant association with time of investigation. Self-efficacy, scepticism of benefit of the intervention, belief of better coping alone and support by family and friends were significant factors in declining participation in the randomised controlled trial. CONCLUSION: Inclusion rate was tripled compared with a previously evaluated longer EBT group intervention. By shortening the intervention, inclusion rate was traded for effectiveness and the intervention could not impact caregivers’ psychological state. Early integration of sEBT and combination of individual and group setting and further study of the optimal length for caregiver interventions are suggested. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7243077/ doi: 10.1177/0269216320911595 id: cord-016171-17ut32bu author: Lane, J. Michael title: Smallpox as a Weapon for Bioterrorism date: 2009 words: 8404 sentences: 512 pages: flesch: 51 cache: ./cache/cord-016171-17ut32bu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-016171-17ut32bu.txt summary: Following September 11, 2001, the United States rebuilt its supplies of vaccine and Vaccinia Immune Globulin (VIG), expanded the network of laboratories capable of testing for variola virus, and engaged in a broad education campaign to help health care workers and the general public understand the disease (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2003a) . Following September 11, 2001, the United States rebuilt its supplies of vaccine and Vaccinia Immune Globulin (VIG), expanded the network of laboratories capable of testing for variola virus, and engaged in a broad education campaign to help health care workers and the general public understand the disease (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2003a) . If this algorithm indicates that a patient is high risk to be smallpox, local and national public health authorities should be immediately notified by telephone, and laboratory specimens taken for polymerase chain reaction (PCR), electron photomicroscopy (EM), and viral culture. abstract: Smallpox, the only disease ever eradicated, is one of the six pathogens considered a serious threat for biological terrorism (Henderson et al., 1999; Mahy, 2003; Whitley, 2003). Smallpox has several attributes that make it a potential threat. It can be grown in large amounts. It spreads via the respiratory route. It has a 30% mortality rate. The potential for an attack using smallpox motivated President Bush to call for phased vaccination of a substantial number of American health care and public health workers (Grabenstein and Winkenwerder, 2003; Stevenson and Stolberg, 2002). Following September 11, 2001, the United States rebuilt its supplies of vaccine and Vaccinia Immune Globulin (VIG), expanded the network of laboratories capable of testing for variola virus, and engaged in a broad education campaign to help health care workers and the general public understand the disease (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2003a). This chapter summarizes the scientific and theoretical bases for use of smallpox as a bioweapon and options for preparation for defense against it. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7120382/ doi: 10.1007/978-1-4419-1266-4_5 id: cord-146214-lp78l776 author: Leal, Laura title: Learning a functional control for high-frequency finance date: 2020-06-17 words: 7922 sentences: 377 pages: flesch: 61 cache: ./cache/cord-146214-lp78l776.txt txt: ./txt/cord-146214-lp78l776.txt summary: Moreover, to answer to genuine requests of financial regulators on the explainability of machine learning generated controls, we project the obtained"blackbox controls"on the space usually spanned by the closed-form solution of the stylized optimal trading problem, leading to a transparent structure. Our paper addresses this last case, belonging to the academic field of optimal trading, initially introduced by [1] and [3] , and then extended in a lot of ways, from sophisticated stochastic control [5] to Gaussianquadratic approximations allowing to obtain closed-form solutions like [13] or [14] , or under a self-financing equation context in [12] . We start by the functional space of controls spanned by the closed-form solution of the stylized problem: they are non-linear in the remaining time to trade and affine in the remaining quantity to trade (see [9] for a description of the relationship between the optimal controls and the space generated by the h 1 (t) and h 2 (t) defined later in the paper). abstract: We use a deep neural network to generate controllers for optimal trading on high frequency data. For the first time, a neural network learns the mapping between the preferences of the trader, i.e. risk aversion parameters, and the optimal controls. An important challenge in learning this mapping is that in intraday trading, trader's actions influence price dynamics in closed loop via the market impact. The exploration--exploitation tradeoff generated by the efficient execution is addressed by tuning the trader's preferences to ensure long enough trajectories are produced during the learning phase. The issue of scarcity of financial data is solved by transfer learning: the neural network is first trained on trajectories generated thanks to a Monte-Carlo scheme, leading to a good initialization before training on historical trajectories. Moreover, to answer to genuine requests of financial regulators on the explainability of machine learning generated controls, we project the obtained"blackbox controls"on the space usually spanned by the closed-form solution of the stylized optimal trading problem, leading to a transparent structure. For more realistic loss functions that have no closed-form solution, we show that the average distance between the generated controls and their explainable version remains small. This opens the door to the acceptance of ML-generated controls by financial regulators. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.09611v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-329276-tfrjw743 author: Ledzewicz, Urszula title: On the Role of the Objective in the Optimization of Compartmental Models for Biomedical Therapies date: 2020-09-30 words: 12517 sentences: 624 pages: flesch: 51 cache: ./cache/cord-329276-tfrjw743.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329276-tfrjw743.txt summary: We discuss various aspects of the modeling of the dynamics (such as growth and interaction terms), modeling of treatment (including pharmacometrics of the drugs), and give special attention to the choice of the objective functional to be minimized. , m, represent the administration of the therapies (dose rates) and as variables are separated from the effects of the actions (which, for example, depend on the concentrations), then a model which is linear in the controls is not only adequate, but is the correct one. Choosing the objective functional in the form (17) with N = 0 (as we do not consider an immune boost), optimal chemotherapy protocols follow the concatenation structure 1s01 with 1 representing a full dose segment, s denoting administration following a singular control and 0 standing for a rest-period of the treatment. abstract: We review and discuss results obtained through an application of tools of nonlinear optimal control to biomedical problems. We discuss various aspects of the modeling of the dynamics (such as growth and interaction terms), modeling of treatment (including pharmacometrics of the drugs), and give special attention to the choice of the objective functional to be minimized. Indeed, many properties of optimal solutions are predestined by this choice which often is only made casually using some simple ad hoc heuristics. We discuss means to improve this choice by taking into account the underlying biology of the problem. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10957-020-01754-2 doi: 10.1007/s10957-020-01754-2 id: cord-287546-0x294f8t author: Lin, Feng title: An optimal control theory approach to non-pharmaceutical interventions date: 2010-02-19 words: 7123 sentences: 442 pages: flesch: 54 cache: ./cache/cord-287546-0x294f8t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287546-0x294f8t.txt summary: RESULTS: An optimal policy is derived for the control model using a linear NPI implementation cost. Additional studies investigate the effects of departures from the modeling assumptions, which include exponential terminal time and linear NPI implementation cost. Additional studies investigate the effects of departures from the modeling assumptions, which include exponential terminal time and linear NPI implementation cost. It measures the loss of productivity (persondays) due to implementing NPIs. To determine the value of c, the public health officials need to consider many factors, such as culture of the community, perceptions to death, consequences of pandemic and of Figure 1 expands the classic Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered (SIR) model to capture the mortality. Figure 3 shows the impact of optimal control on pandemic severity, peak, and total deaths, when NPIs are triggered at different initial states. abstract: BACKGROUND: Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) are the first line of defense against pandemic influenza. These interventions dampen virus spread by reducing contact between infected and susceptible persons. Because they curtail essential societal activities, they must be applied judiciously. Optimal control theory is an approach for modeling and balancing competing objectives such as epidemic spread and NPI cost. METHODS: We apply optimal control on an epidemiologic compartmental model to develop triggers for NPI implementation. The objective is to minimize expected person-days lost from influenza related deaths and NPI implementations for the model. We perform a multivariate sensitivity analysis based on Latin Hypercube Sampling to study the effects of input parameters on the optimal control policy. Additional studies investigated the effects of departures from the modeling assumptions, including exponential terminal time and linear NPI implementation cost. RESULTS: An optimal policy is derived for the control model using a linear NPI implementation cost. Linear cost leads to a "bang-bang" policy in which NPIs are applied at maximum strength when certain state criteria are met. Multivariate sensitivity analyses are presented which indicate that NPI cost, death rate, and recovery rate are influential in determining the policy structure. Further death rate, basic reproductive number and recovery rate are the most influential in determining the expected cumulative death. When applying the NPI policy, the cumulative deaths under exponential and gamma terminal times are close, which implies that the outcome of applying the "bang-bang" policy is insensitive to the exponential assumption. Quadratic cost leads to a multi-level policy in which NPIs are applied at varying strength levels, again based on certain state criteria. Results indicate that linear cost leads to more costly implementation resulting in fewer deaths. CONCLUSIONS: The application of optimal control theory can provide valuable insight to developing effective control strategies for pandemic. Our findings highlight the importance of establishing a sensitive and timely surveillance system for pandemic preparedness. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-10-32 doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-10-32 id: cord-155440-7l8tatwq author: Malinovskaya, Anna title: Online network monitoring date: 2020-10-19 words: 5710 sentences: 326 pages: flesch: 54 cache: ./cache/cord-155440-7l8tatwq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-155440-7l8tatwq.txt summary: Our approach is to apply multivariate control charts based on exponential smoothing and cumulative sums in order to monitor networks determined by temporal exponential random graph models (TERGM). The leading SPC tool for analysis is a control chart, which exists in various forms in terms of the number of variables, data type and different statistics being of interest. To conduct surveillance over Y t , we propose to consider only the dynamically estimated parameters of a random graph model in order to reduce computational complexity and to allow for real-time monitoring. In this case, as well as fine-tuning the configuration of statistics, one can modify some settings which design the estimation procedure of the model parameter, for example, the run time, the sample size or the step length (Morris et al., 2008) . In this paper, we show how multivariate control charts can be used to detect changes in TERGM networks. Monitoring of social network and change detection by applying statistical process: ERGM abstract: The application of network analysis has found great success in a wide variety of disciplines; however, the popularity of these approaches has revealed the difficulty in handling networks whose complexity scales rapidly. One of the main interests in network analysis is the online detection of anomalous behaviour. To overcome the curse of dimensionality, we introduce a network surveillance method bringing together network modelling and statistical process control. Our approach is to apply multivariate control charts based on exponential smoothing and cumulative sums in order to monitor networks determined by temporal exponential random graph models (TERGM). This allows us to account for potential temporal dependence, while simultaneously reducing the number of parameters to be monitored. The performance of the proposed charts is evaluated by calculating the average run length for both simulated and real data. To prove the appropriateness of the TERGM to describe network data some measures of goodness of fit are inspected. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach by an empirical application, monitoring daily flights in the United States to detect anomalous patterns. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.09398v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-003640-psnec2qp author: Mbareche, Hamza title: Bioaerosols Play a Major Role in the Nasopharyngeal Microbiota Content in Agricultural Environment date: 2019-04-16 words: 10135 sentences: 522 pages: flesch: 46 cache: ./cache/cord-003640-psnec2qp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-003640-psnec2qp.txt summary: Results: A multivariate analysis showed air samples and nasopharyngeal flora of pig workers cluster together, compared to the non-exposed control group. An ecological analysis was conducted to reveal the variation in the community composition between the three sample groups (nasopharynx of pig farmers and non-exposed controls and air from pig farms). Given the observed difference in the number of bacterial OTUs, evenness, and evolutionary distance (alpha diversity) and in the bacterial community composition (beta diversity) in samples of the nasopharyngeal flora of farmers and non-exposed individuals and bioaerosols, collected in pig buildings, the next step was to reveal the taxonomic profiles of the three groups. Given the observed difference in the number of bacterial OTUs, evenness, and evolutionary distance (alpha diversity) and in the bacterial community composition (beta diversity) in samples of the nasopharyngeal flora of farmers and non-exposed individuals and bioaerosols, collected in pig buildings, the next step was to reveal the taxonomic profiles of the three groups. abstract: Background: Bioaerosols are a major concern for public health and sampling for exposure assessment purposes is challenging. The nasopharyngeal region could be a potent carrier of long-term bioaerosol exposure agents. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between nasopharyngeal bacterial flora of swine workers and the swine barns bioaerosol biodiversity. Methods: Air samples from eight swine barns as well as nasopharyngeal swabs from pig workers (n = 25) and from a non-exposed control group (n = 29) were sequenced using 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing. Wastewater treatment plants were used as the industrial, low-dust, non-agricultural environment control to validate the microbial link between the bioaerosol content (air) and the nasopharynxes of workers. Results: A multivariate analysis showed air samples and nasopharyngeal flora of pig workers cluster together, compared to the non-exposed control group. The significance was confirmed with the PERMANOVA statistical test (p-value of 0.0001). Unlike the farm environment, nasopharynx samples from wastewater workers did not cluster with air samples from wastewater treatment plants. The difference in the microbial community of nasopharynx of swine workers and a control group suggest that swine workers are carriers of germs found in bioaerosols. Conclusion: Nasopharynx sampling and microbiota could be used as a proxy of air sampling for exposure assessment studies or for the determination of exposure markers in highly contaminated agricultural environments. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6518280/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph16081375 id: cord-032542-zisirutu author: Mikalsen, Marius title: Shifting Conceptualization of Control in Agile Transformations date: 2020-08-18 words: 2623 sentences: 143 pages: flesch: 49 cache: ./cache/cord-032542-zisirutu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-032542-zisirutu.txt summary: Through a case study of a new, cross-functional unit in a financial institution, we report on their work to implement control in agile transformations. Our findings indicate how agile transformations require rethinking traditional control mechanisms and experiment with new control perspectives more suitable for the digital era. One particular form of change aiming to overcome some of these challenges is creating semi-independent, cross-functional units (i.e. consisting of personnel from both business-and softwaredevelopment units) that use agile methods to improve the value of the software developed [2] . To answer this research question, we report from a case study of a financial institution that implements a new semi-independent unit, an agile program, consisting of several cross-functional teams working according to agile principles. In this paper, we have used stewardship theory to investigate how cross-functional teams work with OKRs and how new forms of control can emerge in agile transformations. abstract: Agile transformation implies that organizations apply agile methods also outside of software development units. One particular way of doing such transformations is to create cross-functional software development units. This represents new challenges for control for organizations as the unformal agile control mechanisms from the software units meet the more formal, bureaucratic and hierarchical control from other units. The research on how to manage control in agile transformations, however, is scarce. Through a case study of a new, cross-functional unit in a financial institution, we report on their work to implement control in agile transformations. To analyze our results, we draw on new perspectives for control in the digital era, which challenges existing presumptions on control. Our findings indicate how agile transformations require rethinking traditional control mechanisms and experiment with new control perspectives more suitable for the digital era. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7510811/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-58858-8_18 id: cord-024274-jps1j60a author: Miranda, Mary Elizabeth G. title: Rabies Prevention in Asia: Institutionalizing Implementation Capacities date: 2020-05-05 words: 5390 sentences: 255 pages: flesch: 36 cache: ./cache/cord-024274-jps1j60a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-024274-jps1j60a.txt summary: The focus areas include human rabies prevention through preand postexposure prophylaxis, mass dog vaccination, surveillance and epidemiology, laboratory diagnostic capability, public awareness and risk communication, legislation, dog population management, and establishment and protection of rabies-free zones/areas. Asian countries were urged to develop comprehensive national plans with improved access to modern human vaccines and application of new economical postexposure treatments, better disease diagnosis and surveillance, and processing of data at the national, regional, and global levels, intersectoral collaborative efforts for dog rabies control and plans to expand public and health care worker awareness regarding rabies control and prevention. An example of a successful, sustainable community-based integrated rabies control program is the Bohol Rabies elimination program, implemented as a partnership between the provincial government, the national government line agencies (Health, Agriculture, Education, Interior, and Local Government) and a few nonprofit organizations. abstract: Rabies in Asia and Africa contributes to over 99% of human rabies deaths that occur in the world today. The vast majority or 60% of these deaths are in Asia. Practically, more than four billion people in Asia or about 60% of the world’s population are at risk of getting rabies where an estimated 96% of documented human cases are from an infected dog bite. Canine-mediated rabies is one of the few communicable diseases that can possibly be eliminated by currently available vaccines and tools for veterinary and public health interventions. With a more comprehensive and integrated approach, it is expected that dog rabies will be eliminated in target areas, and there will be an eventual decline and disappearance of human rabies cases. The burden of rabies is primarily on human health but the disease control has to be focused on the animal source. The ultimate goal of a truly regional disease program is to control and eliminate dog-mediated rabies and protect and maintain rabies-free areas in Asia. Current regional efforts aim to strengthen the intercountry coordination, and technical and institutional capacities to manage dog rabies elimination programs. The regional and national implementation efforts provide strategic direction and cooperation to ensure successful implementation of rabies control measures and eventual elimination. The focus areas include human rabies prevention through pre- and postexposure prophylaxis, mass dog vaccination, surveillance and epidemiology, laboratory diagnostic capability, public awareness and risk communication, legislation, dog population management, and establishment and protection of rabies-free zones/areas. Existing mechanisms for implementation, when applied, give emphasis on One Health collaborations. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7196719/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-21084-7_6 id: cord-190242-sb0mjhzm author: Moore, Stephen E. title: Controlling the Transmission Dynamics of COVID-19 date: 2020-03-31 words: 2868 sentences: 170 pages: flesch: 52 cache: ./cache/cord-190242-sb0mjhzm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-190242-sb0mjhzm.txt summary: In this article, we consider an optimal control COVID-19 transmission model and assess the impact of some control measures that can lead to the reduction of exposed and infectious individuals in the population. We investigate three control strategies for this deadly infectious disease using personal protection, treatment with early diagnosis, treatment with delay diagnosis and spraying of virus in the environment as time-dependent control functions in our dynamical model to curb the disease spread. In this section, we formulate an optimal control model for COVID-19 to derive four control measures with minimal implementation cost to eradicate the disease after a defined period of time. In this subsection, solution trajectories for the number of exposed, infectious with delay diagnosis and virus in the environment for all the three control strategies are numerically compared with that of the non-optimal control model. abstract: The outbreak of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan and other cities in China in 2019 has become a global pandemic as declared by World Health Organization (WHO) in the first quarter of 2020 . The delay in diagnosis, limited hospital resources and other treatment resources leads to rapid spread of COVID-19. In this article, we consider an optimal control COVID-19 transmission model and assess the impact of some control measures that can lead to the reduction of exposed and infectious individuals in the population. We investigate three control strategies for this deadly infectious disease using personal protection, treatment with early diagnosis, treatment with delay diagnosis and spraying of virus in the environment as time-dependent control functions in our dynamical model to curb the disease spread. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.00443v2.pdf doi: nan id: cord-000721-leedutqo author: Nawaz, Sameena title: Human Bocaviruses Are Not Significantly Associated with Gastroenteritis: Results of Retesting Archive DNA from a Case Control Study in the UK date: 2012-07-24 words: 3199 sentences: 162 pages: flesch: 50 cache: ./cache/cord-000721-leedutqo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-000721-leedutqo.txt summary: Human bocavirus (HBoV)s, which are associated with respiratory infections, have also frequently been detected in stool samples in cases of gastroenteritis, and a tentative association between HBoVs, and in particular type-2 HBoVs, and gastroenteritis has previously been made. The aim of this study was to determine the role of HBoVs in gastroenteritis, using archived DNA samples from the case-control Infectious Intestinal Disease Study (IID). In the genotype-specific assays 106 of the 324 HBoV-positive samples were genotyped, with HBoV-1 predominantly found in controls whilst HBoV-2 was more frequently associated with cases of gastroenteritis (p<0.01). The prevalence of HBoV-2 in children in the UK was significantly lower than that reported in a study in Australia, in which HBoV-2 was detected in 17.2% and 8.1% of the cases and controls, respectively [22] . Human bocavirus in children hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis: a case-control study abstract: Gastroenteritis is a common illness causing considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite improvements in detection methods, a significant diagnostic gap still remains. Human bocavirus (HBoV)s, which are associated with respiratory infections, have also frequently been detected in stool samples in cases of gastroenteritis, and a tentative association between HBoVs, and in particular type-2 HBoVs, and gastroenteritis has previously been made. The aim of this study was to determine the role of HBoVs in gastroenteritis, using archived DNA samples from the case-control Infectious Intestinal Disease Study (IID). DNA extracted from stool samples from 2,256 cases and 2,124 controls were tested for the presence of HBoV DNA. All samples were screened in a real time PCR pan-HBoV assay, and positive samples were then tested in genotype 1 to 3-specific assays. HBoV was detected in 7.4% but no significantly different prevalence was observed between cases and controls. In the genotype-specific assays 106 of the 324 HBoV-positive samples were genotyped, with HBoV-1 predominantly found in controls whilst HBoV-2 was more frequently associated with cases of gastroenteritis (p<0.01). A significant proportion of HBoV positives could not be typed using the type specific assays, 67% of the total positives, and this was most likely due to low viral loads being present in the samples. However, the distribution of the untyped HBoV strains was no different between cases and controls. In conclusion, HBoVs, including HBoV-2 do not appear to be a significant cause of gastroenteritis in the UK population. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3404102/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041346 id: cord-269363-drjj705k author: Nenchev, Vladislav title: Optimal quarantine control of an infectious outbreak date: 2020-07-28 words: 4232 sentences: 267 pages: flesch: 58 cache: ./cache/cord-269363-drjj705k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269363-drjj705k.txt summary: An issue of practical concern for many disease outbreaks without an available vaccine, such as for SARS-CoV-2 as of June 2020, is minimizing the overall quarantine effort or the final outbreak size, while respecting control and capacity constraints on the current number of infections. Upon an outbreak of a previously unknown disease, better model parameter estimates can be obtained as more data becomes available, and the induced optimization problem can be recomputed in a data-driven receding horizon manner to improve actions. In this work, the goal is to obtain an optimal quarantine control policy u ( t ), t ∈ [0, t f ] for a fixed final time t f , that minimizes a weighted combination of the total number of infections and the overall number of quarantined individuals at time t f . abstract: This paper studies the optimal control of an infectious spread based on common epidemic models with permanent immunity and no vaccine availability. Assuming limited isolation control and capacity constraints on the number of infections, an optimal quarantine control strategy that balances between the total number of infections and the overall isolation effort is derived from necessary optimality conditions. The specific optimal policy is then obtained by optimizing the switching times of this generalized strategy. In the case of a newly emerged disease, these results can be used in a data-driven receding horizon manner to improve actions as more data becomes available. The proposed approach is applied to publicly available data from the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in Germany. In particular, for minimizing the total number of infections or the number of isolated individuals, the simulations indicate that a sufficiently delayed and controlled release of the lock-down are optimal for overcoming the outbreak. The approach can support public health authorities to plan quarantine control policies. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32834584/ doi: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110139 id: cord-341434-2xrdv92m author: Nowland, Megan H. title: Biology and Diseases of Rabbits date: 2015-07-10 words: 31591 sentences: 1921 pages: flesch: 47 cache: ./cache/cord-341434-2xrdv92m.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341434-2xrdv92m.txt summary: Etiology Pasteurella multocida is a Gram-negative nonmotile coccobacillus that causes pasteurellosis, also known as ''snuffles'', the primary respiratory disease affecting domestic rabbits (Deeb and DiGiacomo, 2000; Guo et al., 2012) . Research Complications Pasteurellosis can cause considerable economic losses (El Tayeb et al., 2004; Ferreira et al., 2012; Stahel et al., 2009 ) and has the potential to affect different types of research studies using rabbits due to the multisystemic nature of the disease, and the possibility of high morbidity and mortality. piliforme is a pleomorphic, Gramnegative, spore-forming, motile, obligate intracellular rod-shaped bacterium that causes Tyzzer''s disease and infects various animals including mice, nonhuman primates, gerbils, rats, rabbits, and others (Allen et al., 1965; Ganaway et al., 1971; Pritt et al., 2010) . Research Complications EPEC infection can cause high morbidity and mortality in laboratory rabbit colonies and can affect studies involving intestinal physiology in rabbits. abstract: Beginning in 1931, an inbred rabbit colony was developed at the Phipps Institute for the Study, Treatment and Prevention of Tuberculosis at the University of Pennsylvania. This colony was used to study natural resistance to infection with tuberculosis (Robertson et al., 1966). Other inbred colonies or well-defined breeding colonies were also developed at the University of Illinois College of Medicine Center for Genetics, the Laboratories of the International Health Division of The Rockefeller Foundation, the University of Utrecht in the Netherlands, and Jackson Laboratories. These colonies were moved or closed in the years to follow. Since 1973, the U.S. Department of Agriculture has reported the total number of certain species of animals used by registered research facilities (1997). In 1973, 447,570 rabbits were used in research. There has been an overall decrease in numbers of rabbits used. This decreasing trend started in the mid-1990s. In 2010, 210,172 rabbits were used in research. Despite the overall drop in the number used in research, the rabbit is still a valuable model and tool for many disciplines. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124095274000109 doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-409527-4.00010-9 id: cord-266386-932nb2z9 author: Oh, Hyang Soon title: Current Status of Infection Prevention and Control Programs for Emergency Medical Personnel in the Republic of Korea date: 2015-11-25 words: 3796 sentences: 202 pages: flesch: 40 cache: ./cache/cord-266386-932nb2z9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266386-932nb2z9.txt summary: IPCPs were found to have weaknesses with regard to the following resources: the assignment of infection control personnel (ICP) (79.5%), hand hygiene resources such as waterless antiseptics (79.3%), the use of paper towels (38.9%), personal protective equipment such as face shields (46.9%), and safety containers for sharps and a separated space for the disposal of infectious waste (10.1%). Part B included 10 questions assessing the resources of the IPCPs, including human resources and infrastructure for implementing IPCPs, the assignment of part-time infection control personnel (ICP), the assignment of part-time staff for decontamination, the frequency of infection control committee meetings, infection control guidelines, and hand hygiene equipment (hand antiseptics and hand drying methods) both in the station and in in the ambulance, personal protective equipment (PPE), the types of gloves and safety containers for the prevention of sharps injuries, and decontamination procedures. Part C included 22 questions assessing the following activities of IPCPs: employee health programs; post-exposure management programs; vaccination programs; health screening programs; surveillance programs for patients, emergency medical personnel, and spaces and instruments; education; and decontamination activities. abstract: OBJECTIVES: Emergency medical personnel (EMPs) are pre-hospital emergency responders who are at risk of exposure to infections and may also serve as a source for the transmission of infections. However, few studies of infection control have specifically addressed EMPs in the Republic of Korea (hereafter Korea). The goal of this study was to assess the current status of infection prevention and control programs (IPCPs) for EMPs in Korea. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted to quantitatively assess the resources and activities of IPCPs. A total of 907 EMPs in five metropolitan cities completed a structured questionnaire from September 2014 to January 2015. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, multi-response analysis, and the chi-square test. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 34.8±15.1 years. IPCPs were found to have weaknesses with regard to the following resources: the assignment of infection control personnel (ICP) (79.5%), hand hygiene resources such as waterless antiseptics (79.3%), the use of paper towels (38.9%), personal protective equipment such as face shields (46.9%), and safety containers for sharps and a separated space for the disposal of infectious waste (10.1%). Likewise, the following activities were found to be inadequately incorporated into the workflow of EMPs: education about infection control (77.5%), post-exposure management (35.9%), and the decontamination of items and spaces after use (88.4%). ICP were found to have a significant effect on the resources and activities of IPCPs (p<0.001). The resources and activities of IPCPs were found to be significantly different among the five cities (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: IPCPs for EMPs showed some limitations in their resources and activities. IPCPs should be actively supported, and specific IPCP activities for EMPs should be developed. url: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.15.058 doi: 10.3961/jpmph.15.058 id: cord-305207-fgvbrg8d author: Ohara, Hiroshi title: Fact-finding Survey of Nosocomial Infection Control in Hospitals in Kathmandu, Nepal—A Basis for Improvement date: 2013-06-29 words: 3390 sentences: 165 pages: flesch: 36 cache: ./cache/cord-305207-fgvbrg8d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305207-fgvbrg8d.txt summary: In the healthcare setting, particularly in developed countries, various measures including the organization of infection control teams (ICTs), preparation of manuals, strengthening of surveillance systems, and training of staff have been taken to assure effective control. The form consisted of the following items: "general information of the hospitals, control system including manual and infection control committees (ICC), equipment and facility preparedness, training conditions, surveillance conditions, expectation for international cooperation and current problems. Among the problems observed in the study were weak ICC function, few training opportunities among the hospital staff, inadequate use of antibiotics, shortage of infection control staff, shortage of doctors and nurses and their overload in daily medical practice, shortage of fundamental equipment including PPE, inadequate practice of basic techComparison of nosocomial infection control conditions between 2003 and 2011 at five national hospitals showed an improvement trend. Appropriate nosocomial infection control is a key strategy in providing high quality medical care, and effective measures are particularly required in developing countries, where the frequency of infectious diseases is high and environmental conditions of hospitals are poor [14, 15] . abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the actual conditions of nosocomial infection control in Kathmandu City, Nepal as a basis for the possible contribution to its improvement. The survey was conducted at 17 hospitals and the methods included a questionnaire, site visits and interviews. Nine hospitals had manuals on nosocomial infection control, and seven had an infection control committee (ICC). The number of hospitals that met the required amount of personal protective equipment preparation was as follows: gowns (13), gloves (13), surgical masks (12). Six hospitals had carried out in-service training over the past one year, but seven hospitals responded that no staff had been trained. Eight hospitals were conducting surveillance based on the results of bacteriological testing. The major problems included inadequate management of ICC, insufficient training opportunities for hospital staff, and lack of essential equipment. Moreover, increasing bacterial resistance to antibiotics was recognized as a growing issue. In comparison with the results conducted in 2003 targeting five governmental hospitals, a steady improvement was observed, but further improvements are needed in terms of the provision of high quality medical care. Particularly, dissemination of appropriate manuals, enhancement of basic techniques, and strengthening of the infection control system should be given priority. url: https://doi.org/10.2149/tmh.2013-03 doi: 10.2149/tmh.2013-03 id: cord-284985-q3eiyp7e author: O’Connell, Mary Beth title: Attitudes of Michigan Female College Students about Pharmacists Prescribing Birth Control in a Community Pharmacy date: 2020-06-09 words: 5180 sentences: 268 pages: flesch: 51 cache: ./cache/cord-284985-q3eiyp7e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284985-q3eiyp7e.txt summary: A survey with 49 items about provider attributes, pharmacy services use and evaluation, advantages and barriers of pharmacists prescribing birth control, sexual and reproductive history, and demographics was distributed by survey link and QR code. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine female college students'' opinions about and willingness to use pharmacists for obtaining hormonal contraception in a community pharmacy across a wide range of student characteristics, attitudes, and health service opinions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine female college students'' opinions about and willingness to use pharmacists for obtaining hormonal contraception in a community pharmacy across a wide range of student characteristics, attitudes, and health service opinions. Literature was reviewed related to over-the-counter birth control, emergency contraception, pharmacists prescribing contraception, obstetrics and gynecology practice/provider patient preferences, pharmacy clinical services in community pharmacies, and position statements related to these topics to create our survey. abstract: In the United States, the overall unintended pregnancy rate is about 45%. Women between 20–24 years old account for 59% of the unintended pregnancies. Continuous birth control use is related to decreasing unintended pregnancies. Therefore, we assessed female college students’ opinions about pharmacists prescribing birth control in a community pharmacy using an intersectionality framework. A survey with 49 items about provider attributes, pharmacy services use and evaluation, advantages and barriers of pharmacists prescribing birth control, sexual and reproductive history, and demographics was distributed by survey link and QR code. Recruitment was done by investigators and students (snowballing technique) via emails, social media posts, and direct student contact. Respondents (n = 859) were 23.0 ± 4.9 years old, 83% white, 64% healthcare students, 32% student pharmacists, 69% sexually active, 68% with at least one episode of unprotected intercourse within a year, and 29% never using condoms. Forty-six percent of students were extremely likely and 26% moderately likely to get birth control from a pharmacist because it would be easier to adhere to birth control, could prevent unintended pregnancies, would be more convenient, and require less time. Concerns included the lack of Pap screenings and prescriptions written for the wrong birth control. Within most student characteristics or attitudes assessed, at least 70% of the students would use this service. Based on student opinions, female college students would use pharmacists prescribing birth control services. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy8020099 doi: 10.3390/pharmacy8020099 id: cord-330956-692irru4 author: Pazos, F. A. title: A control approach to the Covid-19 disease using a SEIHRD dynamical model date: 2020-05-30 words: 6320 sentences: 382 pages: flesch: 60 cache: ./cache/cord-330956-692irru4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330956-692irru4.txt summary: The recent worldwide epidemic of Covid-19 disease, for which there is no vaccine or medications to prevent or cure it, led to the adoption of public health measures by governments and populations in most of the affected countries to avoid the contagion and its spread. α and β are the probability of disease transmission in a single contact with exposed (infected) people times the average daily number of contacts per person and have units of 1/day. We propose the use of control theory to determine public nonpharmaceuticals interventions (NPIs) in order to control the evolution of the epidemic, avoiding the collapse of health care systems while minimizing harmful effects on the population and on the economy. Therefore, the control action needs to be calculated as a function of the number of infected people I (the number of exposed people E is quite unknown) in order to avoid future hospitalization requirements in the next 10.6 days at most. abstract: The recent worldwide epidemic of Covid-19 disease, for which there is no vaccine or medications to prevent or cure it, led to the adoption of public health measures by governments and populations in most of the affected countries to avoid the contagion and its spread. These measures are known as nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) and their implementation clearly produces social unrest as well as greatly affects the economy. Frequently, NPIs are implemented with an intensity quantified in an ad hoc manner. Control theory offers a worthwhile tool for determining the optimal intensity of the NPIs in order to avoid the collapse of the healthcare system while keeping them as low as possible, yielding in a policymakers concrete guidance. We propose here the use of a simple proportional controller that is robust to large parametric uncertainties in the model used. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.27.20115295v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.27.20115295 id: cord-340851-lnv8yi9l author: Perkins, Alex title: Optimal control of the COVID-19 pandemic with non-pharmaceutical interventions date: 2020-04-23 words: 6951 sentences: 407 pages: flesch: 55 cache: ./cache/cord-340851-lnv8yi9l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340851-lnv8yi9l.txt summary: To characterize a range of possible strategies for control and to understand their consequences, we performed an optimal control analysis of a mathematical model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Our results also highlight that the potential scope for controlling COVID-19 until a vaccine is available depends on epidemiological parameters about which there is still considerable uncertainty, including the basic reproduction number and the effectiveness of social distancing. Strategies for successfully controlling COVID-19 until then will depend on a suite of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) [3] , including some degree of social distancing but also diagnostic testing, contact tracing, and case isolation [5] . Because they are similar to the components of the objective functional but more easily interpretable, we describe effects of model parameters on t1 t0 D(t)dt (cumulative deaths) and t1 t0 u(t)dt (cumulative time under control). abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has forced societies across the world to resort to social distancing to slow the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Due to the economic impacts of social distancing, there is growing desire to relax these measures. To characterize a range of possible strategies for control and to understand their consequences, we performed an optimal control analysis of a mathematical model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Given that the pandemic is already underway and controls have already been initiated, we calibrated our model to data from the US and focused our analysis on optimal controls from May 2020 through December 2021. We found that a major factor that differentiates strategies that prioritize lives saved versus reduced time under control is how quickly control is relaxed once social distancing restrictions expire in May 2020. Strategies that maintain control at a high level until summer 2020 allow for tapering of control thereafter and minimal deaths, whereas strategies that relax control in the short term lead to fewer options for control later and a higher likelihood of exceeding hospital capacity. Our results also highlight that the potential scope for controlling COVID-19 until a vaccine is available depends on epidemiological parameters about which there is still considerable uncertainty, including the basic reproduction number and the effectiveness of social distancing. In light of those uncertainties, our results do not constitute a quantitative forecast and instead provide a qualitative portrayal of possible outcomes from alternative approaches to control. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.22.20076018v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.22.20076018 id: cord-295407-aq011b97 author: Pettus, Katherine title: Availability of Internationally Controlled Essential Medicines in the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-07 words: 1469 sentences: 64 pages: flesch: 36 cache: ./cache/cord-295407-aq011b97.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295407-aq011b97.txt summary: Frequently used medicines include opioids such as morphine or fentanyl and midazolam, all of them listed as ICEMs. This paper describes the issues related to the lack of availability and limited access to ICEMs during the COVID-19 pandemic in both intensive and palliative care patients in countries of all income levels and makes recommendations for improving access. The additional COVID-19 burden of health-related suffering only underscores the government obligation to take a balanced approach to the regulation of internationally controlled substances, and to make strategic interventions, in partnership with clinical associations, to ensure the availability, accessibility, and affordability of essential medicines for primary, intensive, and palliative care. abstract: Section 2 of the 2019 World Health Organization (WHO) Model List of Essential Medicines includes opioid analgesics formulations commonly used for the control of pain and respiratory distress, as well as sedative and anxiolytic substances such as midazolam and diazepam. These medicines, essential to palliative care, are regulated under the international drug control conventions overseen by United Nations (UN) specialized agencies and treaty bodies and under national drug control laws. Those national laws and regulations directly affect bedside availability of Internationally Controlled Essential Medicines (ICEMs). The complex interaction between national regulatory systems and global supply chains (now impacted by COVID-19 pandemic) directly affects bedside availability of ICEMs and patient care. Despite decades of global civil society advocacy in the UN system, ICEMs have remained chronically unavailable, inaccessible and unaffordable in Lower-and-Middle Income Countries, and there are recent reports of shortages in High Income Countries as well. The most prevalent symptoms in COVID-19 are breathlessness, cough, drowsiness, anxiety, agitation and delirium. Frequently used medicines include opioids such as morphine or fentanyl and midazolam, all of them listed as ICEMs. This paper describes the issues related to the lack of availability and limited access to ICEMs during the COVID-19 pandemic in both intensive and palliative care patients in countries of all income levels and makes recommendations for improving access. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0885392420303754?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.04.153 id: cord-277409-q5wx313k author: Resende, Lucilene Aparecida title: Impact of LbSapSal Vaccine in Canine Immunological and Parasitological Features before and after Leishmania chagasi-Challenge date: 2016-08-24 words: 7939 sentences: 372 pages: flesch: 46 cache: ./cache/cord-277409-q5wx313k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277409-q5wx313k.txt summary: Additionally, LbSap has been shown to induce a prominent pro-inflammatory immune response characterized by increased levels of both IL-12 and IFN-γ and decreased levels of TGF-β by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), which were associated with parasite control in dogs [26] . Previous studies of dogs using the "LbSapSal" vaccine displayed higher counts of circulating and Leishmania-specific CD8 + T cells in addition to high nitric oxide (NO) production [22] and reduction of splenic parasite load [27] . chagasi-challenge (T 90) demonstrated that "LbSapSal" group showed a significant increase of TNF-α levels (P<0.05) upon VSA-stimulation as compared to "Sal" and "LbSal" groups ( Fig 1A, middle panel) . The results observed at the post-vaccination period (T 3rd ) demonstrated that the "LbSal" group showed a significant reduction in the IL-10 levels (P<0.05) upon VSA-stimulation as compared to the "Sal" group ( Fig 2B, middle panel) . abstract: Dogs represent the most important domestic reservoir of L. chagasi (syn. L. infantum). A vaccine against canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) would be an important tool for decreasing the anxiety related to possible L. chagasi infection and for controlling human visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Because the sand fly salivary proteins are potent immunogens obligatorily co-deposited during transmission of Leishmania parasites, their inclusion in an anti-Leishmania vaccine has been investigated in past decades. We investigated the immunogenicity of the “LbSapSal” vaccine (L. braziliensis antigens, saponin as adjuvant, and Lutzomyia longipalpis salivary gland extract) in dogs at baseline (T(0)), during the post-vaccination protocol (T(3rd)) and after early (T(90)) and late (T(885)) times following L. chagasi-challenge. Our major data indicated that immunization with “LbSapSal” is able to induce biomarkers characterized by enhanced amounts of type I (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, interleukin [IL]-12, interferon [IFN]-γ) cytokines and reduction in type II cytokines (IL-4 and TGF-β), even after experimental challenge. The establishment of a prominent pro-inflammatory immune response after “LbSapSal” immunization supported the increased levels of nitric oxide production, favoring a reduction in spleen parasitism (78.9%) and indicating long-lasting protection against L. chagasi infection. In conclusion, these results confirmed the hypothesis that the “LbSapSal” vaccination is a potential tool to control the Leishmania chagasi infection. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27556586/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161169 id: cord-225429-pz9lsaw6 author: Rodrigues, Helena Sofia title: Optimal Control and Numerical Optimization Applied to Epidemiological Models date: 2014-01-29 words: 32061 sentences: 2066 pages: flesch: 56 cache: ./cache/cord-225429-pz9lsaw6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-225429-pz9lsaw6.txt summary: This PhD thesis is motivated by the study of epidemiological models applied to infectious diseases in an Optimal Control perspective, giving particular relevance to Dengue. Moreover, it is our aim to frame the disease management question into an optimal control problem requiring the maximization/minimization of some objective function that depends on the infected individuals (biological issues) and control costs (economic issues), given some initial conditions. The aim of this section is to present a mathematical model to study the dynamic of the Dengue epidemics, in order to minimize the investments in disease''s control, since financial resources are always scarce. This Assuming that the parameters are fixed, the only variable that can influence this threshold is the control variable c, it has shown that with a steady insecticide campaign it is possible to reduce the number of infected humans and mosquitoes, and can prevent an outbreak that could transform an epidemiological episode to an endemic disease. abstract: The relationship between epidemiology, mathematical modeling and computational tools allows to build and test theories on the development and battling of a disease. This PhD thesis is motivated by the study of epidemiological models applied to infectious diseases in an Optimal Control perspective, giving particular relevance to Dengue. Dengue is a subtropical and tropical disease transmitted by mosquitoes, that affects about 100 million people per year and is considered by the World Health Organization a major concern for public health. The mathematical models developed and tested in this work, are based on ordinary differential equations that describe the dynamics underlying the disease, including the interaction between humans and mosquitoes. An analytical study is made related to equilibrium points, their stability and basic reproduction number. The spreading of Dengue can be attenuated through measures to control the transmission vector, such as the use of specific insecticides and educational campaigns. Since the development of a potential vaccine has been a recent global bet, models based on the simulation of a hypothetical vaccination process in a population are proposed. Based on Optimal Control theory, we have analyzed the optimal strategies for using these controls, and respective impact on the reduction/eradication of the disease during an outbreak in the population, considering a bioeconomic approach. The formulated problems are numerically solved using direct and indirect methods. The first discretize the problem turning it into a nonlinear optimization problem. Indirect methods use the Pontryagin Maximum Principle as a necessary condition to find the optimal curve for the respective control. In these two strategies several numerical software packages are used. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1401.7390v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-259673-z7kvf8n8 author: Rogerson, Stephen J. title: Identifying and combating the impacts of COVID-19 on malaria date: 2020-07-30 words: 4064 sentences: 185 pages: flesch: 40 cache: ./cache/cord-259673-z7kvf8n8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259673-z7kvf8n8.txt summary: These gains are largely attributable to expanding the distribution of insecticidetreated bed nets (ITNs), indoor spraying of residual insecticides (IRS) and other vector control strategies; access to early diagnosis (e.g. rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs)); and more effective antimalarial treatments [1] , together with targeted interventions such as intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) and seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC). Key interventions and innovative approaches, such as targeted MDA programmes and enhanced distribution of ITNs, will be critical in preventing dramatic increases in malaria deaths [12] , but their implementation and prioritisation will bring logistic and financial challenges given COVID-19 disruptions and the competing needs of other health issues and services. To reduce the impact of COVID-19 disruptions, it is essential that the supply of diagnostics and treatments for malaria are maintained and that there is strong support of ITN distribution, IRS and other preventive interventions. Support malaria-endemic countries both in fighting COVID-19 disease and in controlling malaria through an integrated health care programme and community engagement. abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in millions of infections, hundreds of thousands of deaths and major societal disruption due to lockdowns and other restrictions introduced to limit disease spread. Relatively little attention has been paid to understanding how the pandemic has affected treatment, prevention and control of malaria, which is a major cause of death and disease and predominantly affects people in less well-resourced settings. MAIN BODY: Recent successes in malaria control and elimination have reduced the global malaria burden, but these gains are fragile and progress has stalled in the past 5 years. Withdrawing successful interventions often results in rapid malaria resurgence, primarily threatening vulnerable young children and pregnant women. Malaria programmes are being affected in many ways by COVID-19. For prevention of malaria, insecticide-treated nets need regular renewal, but distribution campaigns have been delayed or cancelled. For detection and treatment of malaria, individuals may stop attending health facilities, out of fear of exposure to COVID-19, or because they cannot afford transport, and health care workers require additional resources to protect themselves from COVID-19. Supplies of diagnostics and drugs are being interrupted, which is compounded by production of substandard and falsified medicines and diagnostics. These disruptions are predicted to double the number of young African children dying of malaria in the coming year and may impact efforts to control the spread of drug resistance. Using examples from successful malaria control and elimination campaigns, we propose strategies to re-establish malaria control activities and maintain elimination efforts in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, which is likely to be a long-term challenge. All sectors of society, including governments, donors, private sector and civil society organisations, have crucial roles to play to prevent malaria resurgence. Sparse resources must be allocated efficiently to ensure integrated health care systems that can sustain control activities against COVID-19 as well as malaria and other priority infectious diseases. CONCLUSION: As we deal with the COVID-19 pandemic, it is crucial that other major killers such as malaria are not ignored. History tells us that if we do, the consequences will be dire, particularly in vulnerable populations. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-020-01710-x doi: 10.1186/s12916-020-01710-x id: cord-260693-8mfuwx8l author: Seelig, Frederik title: The COVID-19 pandemic should not derail global vector control efforts date: 2020-08-31 words: 1130 sentences: 60 pages: flesch: 44 cache: ./cache/cord-260693-8mfuwx8l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260693-8mfuwx8l.txt summary: However, a similar approach should also be adopted for the control of arboviral diseases of global importance, including dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever, as recommended by the Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO) in their interim guidance on control of Aedes aegypti mosquitos during the COVID-19 pandemic [2] . The combined impact of both COVID-19 and epidemics of dengue or other vector-borne diseases (VBDs) could have potentially devastating consequences [6] . • Continue the implementation of the WHO''s global vector control response 2017-2030 (GVCR) strategy and regional policies for vector control [7, 8] , with respect to inter-and intrasectoral collaboration, engagement and mobilisation of communities, and scaling up of vector control if required, according to the implementation plan of vector control activities, while adapting activities as necessary to prevent further spread of COVID-19, in particular vector surveillance, which may need to be scaled down [9, 10] . It is vital that the COVID-19 response does not increase VBD threats in these communities by derailing global vector control efforts. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32866149/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008606 id: cord-276758-k2imddzr author: Siegel, Jane D. title: 2007 Guideline for Isolation Precautions: Preventing Transmission of Infectious Agents in Health Care Settings date: 2007-12-07 words: 46228 sentences: 2479 pages: flesch: 35 cache: ./cache/cord-276758-k2imddzr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276758-k2imddzr.txt summary: Activities currently assigned to ICPs in response to emerging challenges include (1) surveillance and infection prevention at facilities other than acute care hospitals (eg, ambulatory clinics, day surgery centers, LTCFs, rehabilitation centers, home care); (2) oversight of employee health services related to infection prevention (eg, assessment of risk and administration of recommended treatment after exposure to infectious agents, tuberculosis screening, influenza vaccination, respiratory protection fit testing, and administration of other vaccines as indicated, such as smallpox vaccine in 2003); (3) preparedness planning for annual influenza outbreaks, pandemic influenza, SARS, and bioweapons attacks; (4) adherence monitoring for selected infection control practices; (5) oversight of risk assessment and implementation of prevention measures associated with construction and renovation; (6) prevention of transmission of MDROs; (7) evaluation of new medical products that could be associated with increased infection risk (eg, intravenous infusion materials); (8) communication with the public, facility staff, and state and local health departments concerning infection control-related issues; and (9) participation in local and multicenter research projects. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18068815/ doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2007.10.007 id: cord-296226-ugeupo3u author: Sim, Shuzhen title: A greener vision for vector control: The example of the Singapore dengue control programme date: 2020-08-27 words: 6870 sentences: 316 pages: flesch: 44 cache: ./cache/cord-296226-ugeupo3u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296226-ugeupo3u.txt summary: Aedes-borne diseases, in particular, including dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever, and Zika, are increasing at an alarming rate due to urbanisation, population movement, weak vector control programmes, and climate change. The environmental management put in place to implement this high standard of public cleanliness has greatly benefited Singapore''s efforts to tackle VBDs. Underscoring the view that Aedes-borne diseases are environmental diseases, dengue control in Singapore is led by the National Environment Agency (NEA), a statutory board of the Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources (MEWR). In view of the importance of infrastructure maintenance and design, environmental sanitation, people''s behaviours, and use of technologies on dengue prevention, the NEA collaborates closely with other government ministries (e.g., Health, National Development, Education, Finance), town councils (responsible for management and maintenance of the common property of public housing estates, including vector control), community associations, research and academic institutions, and the private sector (Fig 2) . abstract: Vector-borne diseases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Aedes-borne diseases, in particular, including dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever, and Zika, are increasing at an alarming rate due to urbanisation, population movement, weak vector control programmes, and climate change. The World Health Organization calls for strengthening of vector control programmes in line with the Global Vector Control Response (GVCR) strategy, and many vector control programmes are transitioning to this new approach. The Singapore dengue control programme, situated within the country’s larger vision of a clean, green, and sustainable environment for the health and well-being of its citizens, provides an excellent example of the GVCR approach in action. Since establishing vector control operations in the 1960s, the Singapore dengue control programme succeeded in reducing the dengue force of infection 10-fold by the 1990s and has maintained it at low levels ever since. Key to this success is consideration of dengue as an environmental disease, with a strong focus on source reduction and other environmental management methods as the dominant vector control strategy. The programme collaborates closely with other government ministries, as well as town councils, communities, the private sector, and academic and research institutions. Community engagement programmes encourage source reduction, and house-to-house inspections accompanied by a strong legislative framework with monetary penalties help to support compliance. Strong vector and epidemiological surveillance means that routine control activities can be heightened to specifically target dengue clusters. Despite its success, the programme continues to innovate to tackle challenges such as climate change, low herd immunity, and manpower constraints. Initiatives include development of novel vector controls such as Wolbachia-infected males and spatiotemporal models for dengue risk assessment. Lessons learnt from the Singapore programme can be applied to other settings, even those less well-resourced than Singapore, for more effective vector control. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32853197/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008428 id: cord-337913-eu2gn4bl author: Stojanov, Ana title: Does Perceived Lack of Control Lead to Conspiracy Theory Beliefs? Findings from an online MTurk sample date: 2020-08-17 words: 7933 sentences: 414 pages: flesch: 48 cache: ./cache/cord-337913-eu2gn4bl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337913-eu2gn4bl.txt summary: Across six studies conducted online using MTurk samples, we observed no effect of control manipulations on conspiracy theory beliefs, while replicating previously reported correlational evidence of their association. Given the significance and potential consequences of widespread conspiracy beliefs [38, 39] , and the plausible but largely unsubstantiated role of control in their appeal, we here report three studies to test the effects of lack of control on conspiracy theory beliefs using a standard priming paradigm and a validated measure of conspiracy ideation, which reflects the belief that a powerful entity lies behind significant social or political events and that the conventional (official) truth is not the "real" truth. In a recent meta-analysis of experimental manipulations of control on conspiracy beliefs [68] conducted on 45 effect sizes across 23 studies (including those reported here), we found no moderating effect of sample type (MTurk vs. abstract: It is widely believed that conspiracy theory beliefs are the product of perceived lack of control. However, to date there is mixed evidence, at best, to support this claim. We consider the reasons why conspiracy theory beliefs do not appear to be based in any straightforward way on control beliefs, interrogating existing findings and presenting new data that call the relationship into question. Across six studies conducted online using MTurk samples, we observed no effect of control manipulations on conspiracy theory beliefs, while replicating previously reported correlational evidence of their association. The results suggest that conspiracy beliefs are not suitable for compensating for threats to control. We discuss possible reasons for the discrepancy between experimental and correlational effects and examine the limitations of the studies. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32804940/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237771 id: cord-299359-s8j78naz author: Sundaram, Maria E. title: Influenza Vaccination Is Not Associated With Detection of Noninfluenza Respiratory Viruses in Seasonal Studies of Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness date: 2013-09-15 words: 3247 sentences: 157 pages: flesch: 35 cache: ./cache/cord-299359-s8j78naz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299359-s8j78naz.txt summary: We investigated the association between influenza infection, vaccination, and detection of other respiratory viruses among children <5 years old and adults ≥50 years old with acute respiratory illness who participated in seasonal studies of influenza vaccine effectiveness. This could theoretically contribute to overestimation of true VE (ie, bias away from the null); therefore, a key assumption of the test-negative control design of influenza vaccine effectiveness studies is that the proportion of noninfluenza viral illness does not differ by influenza vaccination status [9] . The goals of this study were to determine if influenza vaccination is associated with detection of noninfluenza respiratory viruses and to determine if vaccine effectiveness estimates differ when different control groups are used in the analysis. For participants in these age groups, multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing was subsequently performed to detect other respiratory viruses, providing an opportunity to investigate the relationship between influenza vaccination and infection with other viral pathogens. abstract: Background. The test-negative control study design is the basis for observational studies of influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE). Recent studies have suggested that influenza vaccination increases the risk of noninfluenza respiratory virus infection. Such an effect could create bias in VE studies using influenza-negative controls. We investigated the association between influenza infection, vaccination, and detection of other respiratory viruses among children <5 years old and adults ≥50 years old with acute respiratory illness who participated in seasonal studies of influenza vaccine effectiveness. Methods. Nasal/nasopharyngeal samples collected from 2004–2005 through 2009–2010 were tested for 19 respiratory virus targets using a multiplex reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) platform. Vaccination status was determined using a validated registry. Adjusted odds ratios for influenza and vaccination status were calculated using three different control groups: influenza-negative, other respiratory virus positive, and pan-negative. Results. Influenza was detected in 12% of 2010 children and 20% of 1738 adults. Noninfluenza respiratory viruses were detected in 70% of children and 38% of adults without influenza. The proportion vaccinated did not vary between virus-positive controls and pan-negative controls in children (P = .62) or adults (P = .33). Influenza infection was associated with reduced odds of vaccination, but adjusted odds ratios differed by no more than 0.02 when the analysis used influenza-negative or virus-positive controls. Conclusions. Influenza vaccination was not associated with detection of noninfluenza respiratory viruses. Use of influenza-negative controls did not generate a biased estimate of vaccine effectiveness due to an effect of vaccination on other respiratory virus infections. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23748138/ doi: 10.1093/cid/cit379 id: cord-014540-27hnlu5v author: Sutthiruk, Nantanit title: Abstracts from the 8th International Congress of the Asia Pacific Society of Infection Control (APSIC): Bangkok, Thailand. 12-15 February 2017 date: 2017-02-22 words: 24509 sentences: 1304 pages: flesch: 46 cache: ./cache/cord-014540-27hnlu5v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-014540-27hnlu5v.txt summary: A secondary questionnaire was sent to determine whether any cases showed a positive blood or cerebral spinal fluid culture for Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing GNB, AmpC β-lactamases producing GNB, or carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriacae (CRE) between April 2012 and March 2015.The following data were collected; demographic data pertaining to both the care facilities and patients, clinical diagnosis, and outcomes. Utilization of diagnosis-procedure combination data for advancing the antimicrobial stewardship program Haruo Nakayama, Toshiko Ota, Naoko Shirane, Chikako Matuoka, Kentaro Kodama, Masanobu Ohtsuka Toho University Ohashi medical center, Tokyo, Japan Background Infection with antibiotic-resistant bacteria results in increased morbidity, mortality and economic burden. The purpose of this study was to test the effectively of the Infection Control Risk Assessment (ICRA) monitoring tool developed by the Infection Prevention and Control Unit (IPCU) of Asian Hospital and Medical Center with the aim to increase the compliance of construction workers to recommended infection prevention and control measures during construction, renovation and demolition in the hospital. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5333188/ doi: 10.1186/s13756-017-0176-1 id: cord-317864-44knig6g author: Thacker, S.B. title: Centers for Disease Control date: 2008-08-26 words: 4551 sentences: 210 pages: flesch: 48 cache: ./cache/cord-317864-44knig6g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317864-44knig6g.txt summary: Emerging from a small, wartime government program with a regional focus on malaria in 1946, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has become a global public health agency that addresses the entire scope of public health, with over 10 000 employees and contractors in nearly 200 occupations. The CDC''s expertise has expanded in direct correlation with the expanding view of public health needs: it is recognized globally for its ability to respond to urgent threat related to disease epidemics and the health consequences of disaster and war. CDC programs have contributed significantly to the eradication and reduction of diseases such as smallpox, polio, and guinea worm, as well as the control of health problems such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), childhood lead poisoning, breast and cervical cancer, diabetes, violence, and unintentional injuries. The history of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) began in 1942 with the establishment of the Malaria Control in War Areas (MCWA), under the U.S. Public Health Service (PHS). abstract: Emerging from a small, wartime government program with a regional focus on malaria in 1946, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has become a global public health agency that addresses the entire scope of public health, with over 10 000 employees and contractors in nearly 200 occupations. The CDC's expertise has expanded in direct correlation with the expanding view of public health needs: it is recognized globally for its ability to respond to urgent threat related to disease epidemics and the health consequences of disaster and war. CDC programs have contributed significantly to the eradication and reduction of diseases such as smallpox, polio, and guinea worm, as well as the control of health problems such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), childhood lead poisoning, breast and cervical cancer, diabetes, violence, and unintentional injuries. CDC contributions in applied epidemiology, public health surveillance, risk factor reduction, and environmental risk assessment also have been critical to the practice of public health in the United States and around the world. The emerging concerns of the new century – genomics, globalization, the built environment, information technology, global warming, emerging infections, violence, and so forth – will require not only the traditional disciplines but also new expertise and new global partners, both public and private. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/B9780123739605003038 doi: 10.1016/b978-012373960-5.00303-8 id: cord-303601-o8uk6if2 author: Tsay, Calvin title: Modeling, state estimation, and optimal control for the US COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-07-01 words: 6180 sentences: 331 pages: flesch: 49 cache: ./cache/cord-303601-o8uk6if2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303601-o8uk6if2.txt summary: This includes modeling the dynamics of affected populations, estimating the model parameters and hidden states from data, and an optimal control strategy for sequencing social distancing and testing events such that the number of infections is minimized. Figure 2 shows the predicted values obtained by solving the parameter estimation problem and the historical data by country, retrieved by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University (https ://githu b.com/CSSEG ISand Data/COVID -19; accessed April 16, 2020). For the estimated parameter values as described previously, we simulate the results of implementing two different simplistic control policies: (i) continuing with strict social distancing, quarantining, and testing, policies that result from continuing to lower the asymptomatic ( α a ) and infected ( α i ) exposures shown in Fig. 2 ; and (ii) a relaxed policy with more lenient measures and reduced testing, in this case the values of α a and α i are increased to 0.2 and 0.02, respectively, while κ is decreased to 0.2. abstract: The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and resulting COVID-19 disease have had an unprecedented spread and continue to cause an increasing number of fatalities worldwide. While vaccines are still under development, social distancing, extensive testing, and quarantining of confirmed infected subjects remain the most effective measures to contain the pandemic. These measures carry a significant socioeconomic cost. In this work, we introduce a novel optimization-based decision-making framework for managing the COVID-19 outbreak in the US. This includes modeling the dynamics of affected populations, estimating the model parameters and hidden states from data, and an optimal control strategy for sequencing social distancing and testing events such that the number of infections is minimized. The analysis of our extensive computational efforts reveals that social distancing and quarantining are most effective when implemented early, with quarantining of confirmed infected subjects having a much higher impact. Further, we find that “on-off” policies alternating between strict social distancing and relaxing such restrictions can be effective at “flattening” the curve while likely minimizing social and economic cost. url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-67459-8 doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-67459-8 id: cord-325300-wawui0fd author: Tulchinsky, Theodore H. title: 4 Communicable Diseases date: 2000-12-31 words: 31276 sentences: 1672 pages: flesch: 47 cache: ./cache/cord-325300-wawui0fd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325300-wawui0fd.txt summary: No less important are organized programs to promote self protection, case finding, and effective treatment of infections to stop their spread to other susceptible persons (e.g., HIV, sexually transmitted diseases, tuberculosis, malaria). Very great progress has been made in infectious disease control by clinical, public health, and societal means since 1900 in the industrialized countries and since the 1970s in the developing world. The WHO in 1998 has declared hepatitis prevention as a major public health crisis, with an estimated 170 million persons infected worldwide (1996) , stressing that this "silent epidemic" is being neglected and that screening of blood products is vital to reduce transmission of this disease as for HIu HCV is a major cause of chronic cirrhosis and liver cancer. Varicella vaccine is now recommended for routine immunization at age 12-18 months in the United States, with catch-up for children up to age 13 years and for occupationally exposed persons in health or child care settings. abstract: Publisher Summary In a world of rapid international transport and contact between populations, systems are needed to monitor the potential explosive spread of pathogens that may be transferred from their normal habitat. The potential for the international spread of new or reinvigorated infectious diseases constitute threat to mankind akin to ecological and other man-made disasters. Public health has addressed the issues of communicable disease as one of its key issues in protecting individual and population health. Methods of intervention include classic public health through sanitation, immunization, and well beyond that into nutrition, education, case finding, and treatment, and changing human behavior. The knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and practices of policy makers, health care providers, and parents is as important in the success of communicable disease control as are the technology available and methods of financing health systems. Together, these encompass the broad programmatic approach of the New Public Health to control of communicable diseases. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/B9780127033501500061 doi: 10.1016/b978-012703350-1/50006-1 id: cord-323761-9m177ozm author: Wang, Huijie title: Asthma in Pregnancy: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Whole-Course Management, and Medication Safety date: 2020-02-22 words: 6828 sentences: 298 pages: flesch: 42 cache: ./cache/cord-323761-9m177ozm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323761-9m177ozm.txt summary: Studies have shown that maternal asthma increases the risk for adverse complications in fetuses and mothers, including SGA (small for gestational age), LBW (low birth weight), congenital malformations (cleft lip or cleft palate), increased perinatal mortality, PB (premature birth), maternal preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, prenatal hemorrhage, caesarean section, urinary tract infection, excessive amniotic fluid, and premature rupture of membranes, especially for those patients with severe or uncontrolled asthma during pregnancy [6, 7] . e long-term goals of asthma management are to achieve good symptom control, maintain normal activity levels, and minimize the risk of acute attacks, irreversible damage to lung function, and drug-related adverse effects. Anti-IgE monoclonal antibody omalizumab is as an add-on therapy for the treatment of nonpregnant patients with moderate-to-severe persistent asthma that is inadequately controlled with ICS and has the effect of preventing exacerbation, reducing the frequency of asthmatic symptoms, reducing the frequency of emergency room visit or hospital admission, and reducing the steroid dose. abstract: Asthma in pregnancy is a health issue of great concern. Physiological changes and drug compliance during pregnancy can affect asthma control in varying degrees, and the control level of asthma and the side effects of asthma medications are closely related to the adverse perinatal outcomes of mother and fetus. This article provides an update on the available literature regarding the alleviating or aggravating mechanism of asthma in pregnancy, diagnosis, disease assessment, and systematic management, to provide a new guidance for physician, obstetric joint doctor, and health care practitioner. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32184907/ doi: 10.1155/2020/9046842 id: cord-295019-8tf8ah6g author: Weber, Wilfried title: Emerging biomedical applications of synthetic biology date: 2011-11-29 words: 9511 sentences: 475 pages: flesch: 36 cache: ./cache/cord-295019-8tf8ah6g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295019-8tf8ah6g.txt summary: Synthetic mammalian transcription circuits consisting of a chimeric small-molecule-responsive transcription factor and a cognate synthetic promoter were originally designed for future gene-based therapies, and the aim was to adjust therapeutic transgene expression in mammalian cells in response to a pharmacologically active substance 34, 47, 49, 91 . When mammalian cells that are transgenic for the screening circuit are exposed to a compound library, they detect and modulate reporter gene expression in the presence of a non-toxic, cellpermeable and bioavailable molecule that has a classspecific core structure and corresponding drug activity (for example, antibiotic activity) (FIG. The availability of compact RNA sensor-actuators that are easy to design and to alter and that control transgene expression in response to intracellular levels of key proteins may also improve the ability to link metabolic disease states with gene-based therapeutic interventions. abstract: Synthetic biology aims to create functional devices, systems and organisms with novel and useful functions on the basis of catalogued and standardized biological building blocks. Although they were initially constructed to elucidate the dynamics of simple processes, designed devices now contribute to the understanding of disease mechanisms, provide novel diagnostic tools, enable economic production of therapeutics and allow the design of novel strategies for the treatment of cancer, immune diseases and metabolic disorders, such as diabetes and gout, as well as a range of infectious diseases. In this Review, we cover the impact and potential of synthetic biology for biomedical applications. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22124480/ doi: 10.1038/nrg3094 id: cord-267671-ys43n672 author: Whary, Mark T. title: Biology and Diseases of Mice date: 2015-07-10 words: 63666 sentences: 3678 pages: flesch: 40 cache: ./cache/cord-267671-ys43n672.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267671-ys43n672.txt summary: Clinical Signs MCMV causes subclinical infection in adult immunocompetent mice, but experimental inoculation of neonates can cause lethal disease due to multisystemic necrosis and inflammation. Diagnosis Because infected mice do not manifest signs or lesions and the virus is very difficult to propagate in cell culture, detection and diagnosis rely on serology and molecular methods. Differential Diagnosis Reovirus infection must be differentiated from other diarrheal diseases of infant mice, including those caused by mouse coronaviruses, EDIM virus, Salmonella spp., or Clostridium piliforme. Epizootiology EDIM virus appears to be infectious only for mice and occurs episodically in mouse colonies, and infection is probably widespread geographically (Livingston and Riley, 2003; Pritchett-Corning LABORATORY ANIMAL MEDICINE et al., 2009) . Sentinel mouse surveillance, using soiled bedding, is an effective strategy for detecting MNV (Manuel et al., 2008) Differential Diagnosis The mild change in fecal consistency associated with MNV in adult mice may mimic rotavirus, coronavirus, Helicobacter spp., Citrobacter rodentium, or other enteric diseases. abstract: Today’s laboratory mouse, Mus musculus, has its origins as the ‘house mouse’ of North America and Europe. Beginning with mice bred by mouse fanciers, laboratory stocks (outbred) derived from M. musculus musculus from eastern Europe and M. m. domesticus from western Europe were developed into inbred strains. Since the mid-1980s, additional strains have been developed from Asian mice (M. m. castaneus from Thailand and M. m. molossinus from Japan) and from M. spretus which originated from the western Mediterranean region. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/B9780124095274000031 doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-409527-4.00003-1 id: cord-119576-8qp8o2g2 author: Xu, Liyan title: Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Antiepidemic Policies and Global Situation Assessment of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-16 words: 11585 sentences: 569 pages: flesch: 55 cache: ./cache/cord-119576-8qp8o2g2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-119576-8qp8o2g2.txt summary: With a two-layer contact-dispersion model and data in China, we analyze the cost-effectiveness of three types of antiepidemic measures for COVID-19: regular epidemiological control, local social interaction control, and inter-city travel restriction. We find that: 1) intercity travel restriction has minimal or even negative effect compared to the other two at the national level; 2) the time of reaching turning point is independent of the current number of cases, and only related to the enforcement stringency of epidemiological control and social interaction control measures; 3) strong enforcement at the early stage is the only opportunity to maximize both antiepidemic effectiveness and cost-effectiveness; 4) mediocre stringency of social interaction measures is the worst choice. Overall, compared with in-city epidemiological and social interaction control measures, the contribution of inter-city travel restrictions to the reduction of the number of infected cases and the spatial spread of disease is much smaller-lower by two orders of magnitudes. abstract: With a two-layer contact-dispersion model and data in China, we analyze the cost-effectiveness of three types of antiepidemic measures for COVID-19: regular epidemiological control, local social interaction control, and inter-city travel restriction. We find that: 1) intercity travel restriction has minimal or even negative effect compared to the other two at the national level; 2) the time of reaching turning point is independent of the current number of cases, and only related to the enforcement stringency of epidemiological control and social interaction control measures; 3) strong enforcement at the early stage is the only opportunity to maximize both antiepidemic effectiveness and cost-effectiveness; 4) mediocre stringency of social interaction measures is the worst choice. Subsequently, we cluster countries/regions into four groups based on their control measures and provide situation assessment and policy suggestions for each group. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.07765v2.pdf doi: nan id: cord-293041-7ndp05ru author: Xu, Pengbo title: The Effect of Response Inhibition Training on Risky Decision-Making Task Performance date: 2020-07-24 words: 5575 sentences: 269 pages: flesch: 49 cache: ./cache/cord-293041-7ndp05ru.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293041-7ndp05ru.txt summary: If the method of improving risky decisionmaking ability through primary cognitive training (such as inhibitory control) is proven and widely accepted, it will greatly advance the research process in the field of decision-making and will certainly provide a direction for future development. On the basis of previous studies, we chose the Balloon Analog Risk Task that has strong operability with initial results that are relatively stable and we appropriately increased the time interval between cognitive training and posttest decision-making task assessment. The two groups were assessed with the Stroop task and the Balloon Analog Risk Task to evaluate the pretest and posttest performance on inhibitory control and risky decision-making tasks at weeks 1 and 4. Because the experiment adopted a mixed design with between-and within-subjects factors, mixed-model ANOVAs of 2 (control group and training group) × 2 (pretest and posttest) factors were used to evaluate the transfer effect of response inhibition training to Stroop performance and its impact on Balloon Analog Risk Task performance. abstract: Response inhibition is an important component of executive function and plays an indispensable role in decision-making and other advanced cognitive processes. At the same time, we need an effective way to improve decision-making in the face of complex and limited information. This study mainly explored the influence of response inhibition training on college students’ risky decision-making. The recruited students were randomly divided into the training group (n = 28) and the control group (n = 28). The training group engaged in Go/NoGo and stop-signal tasks for 2 weeks, while the control group was given the task of reading and summarizing popular science articles related to self-control. The Stroop task and Balloon Analog Risk Task were used to evaluate the pretest and posttest performance in inhibitory control and risky decision-making tasks, respectively, for all subjects. The results showed that response inhibition training can be effectively transferred to interference control task performance. The results showed that both the reward acquired and adjusted Balloon Analog Risk Task score (adj BART) significantly improved compared to the pretest in the training group, while the control group showed no significant differences in the reward acquired and the adj BART between the pretest and the posttest. Although response inhibition training increased risky behaviors in the Balloon Analog Risk Task, it substantially reduced overly conservative behaviors and participants gained more money. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32793080/ doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01806 id: cord-307946-1olapsmv author: Xu, Zhijie title: Primary Care Practitioners’ Barriers to and Experience of COVID-19 Epidemic Control in China: a Qualitative Study date: 2020-08-31 words: 4552 sentences: 266 pages: flesch: 45 cache: ./cache/cord-307946-1olapsmv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307946-1olapsmv.txt summary: title: Primary Care Practitioners'' Barriers to and Experience of COVID-19 Epidemic Control in China: a Qualitative Study Barriers to epidemic control in primary care included inappropriate PCP scheduling and role ambiguity, difficult tasks and inadequate capacities, and inexperienced community workers and insufficient cooperation. PCPs reported potential solutions for improving countermeasures, such as improving management, optimizing workflows, providing additional support, facilitating cooperation, and strengthening the primary care system. To understand PCPs'' perceived barriers to and experience of performing their tasks in epidemic control, we recruited frontline PCPs in China and conducted in-depth interviews using a qualitative design. The government officials and medical experts irregularly visited the community/township health centers and inspected PCPs'' daily practice of epidemic control, including the material preparation and arrangement, and held meetings to discuss the existing problems and potential solutions with PCPs. One participant stated, "It really troubled me that I had to accompany those supervisors, maybe 3 to 5 times a week, and show them what we had done with countless papers and forms and photos." Some instructions distributed to PCPs by supervisors were perceived as "scratching the surface". abstract: BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in December 2019 and posed numerous challenges to China’s health system. Almost 4 million primary care practitioners (PCPs) participated in controlling the outbreak. However, PCPs’ barriers to and experience of the epidemic control remain unknown and are essential for improving countermeasures. OBJECTIVE: To better understand the barriers PCPs faced in COVID-19 epidemic control and their psychological and occupational impacts, and explore potential solutions. DESIGN: This qualitative study was conducted through semi-structured, in-depth interviews from February 12, to March 10, 2020. PARTICIPANTS: A purposive sample of frontline PCPs affiliated with either community health centers or township health centers in four provinces of China were recruited. APPROACH: Interviews were conducted by telephone, and then recorded, transcribed, and content analyzed. Themes surrounding PCPs’ barriers to COVID-19 epidemic control, their experience, and potential solutions were iteratively identified using the constant comparative method. KEY RESULTS: Of the 21 PCPs interviewed, 10 (48%) were women and 5 (24%) worked in rural areas. Barriers to epidemic control in primary care included inappropriate PCP scheduling and role ambiguity, difficult tasks and inadequate capacities, and inexperienced community workers and insufficient cooperation. Some PCPs perceived respect and a sense of accomplishment and were preoccupied with the outbreak, while others were frustrated by fatigue and psychological distress. PCPs reported potential solutions for improving countermeasures, such as improving management, optimizing workflows, providing additional support, facilitating cooperation, and strengthening the primary care system. CONCLUSIONS: Due to their roles in controlling the COVID-19 epidemic, PCPs in China faced a series of barriers that affected them physically and mentally. Support for PCPs should help them to overcome these barriers and work efficiently. The current findings provide insight into the challenges and potential solutions for strengthening the preparedness and response of China’s primary care system in future disease outbreaks. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s11606-020-06107-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32869200/ doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-06107-3 id: cord-018213-w6sh9f3h author: Xue, Lan title: China’s Institutional Mechanisms for Influenza A (H1N1) Prevention and Control date: 2018-11-24 words: 8198 sentences: 264 pages: flesch: 25 cache: ./cache/cord-018213-w6sh9f3h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-018213-w6sh9f3h.txt summary: This time marked the initial formation of a working inter-departmental mechanism positioned to combat health emergencies through "paying equal attention to both prevention and response, and instilling continued collaboration for any event." On April 26th, Health Minister Chen Zhu convened a meeting of the MOH Leading Group and Expert Panel for Influenza Pandemic Prevention and Control, at which the attendees analyzed swine influenza situations in the United States and Mexico, predicted epidemic trends, and deliberated on domestic strategies and measures to cope with a swine flu pandemic. At the beginning of the Influenza A (H1N1) Epidemic, China established a national level emergency management mechanism directly under the leadership of the State Council that enabled cross-departmental joint prevention and control collaboration, which provided an effective organizational support and operation mechanism for the response efforts. abstract: Innovation in institutional mechanisms is a fundamental issue in effectively dealing with public health emergencies. In the wake of the 2003 SARS Epidemic, China initially established a public health emergency management system and an emergency organization and management network, placing emphasis on “government leading, unified command, local management, responsibility on all levels, management by classifications, and inter-departmental coordination,” which strengthened the existing health emergency preparation system. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7123036/ doi: 10.1007/978-981-13-0644-0_4 id: cord-016006-7yas4yqt author: Yoshikawa, Minako Jen title: Dengue and chikungunya virus infection in Southeast Asia: active governmental intervention in Republic of Singapore date: 2010-06-18 words: 5575 sentences: 251 pages: flesch: 45 cache: ./cache/cord-016006-7yas4yqt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-016006-7yas4yqt.txt summary: This paper discusses countermeasures of Republic of Singapore towards mosquito-borne infectious diseases, particularly, dengue and chikungunya virus infection to identify an essential factor in controlling emergence of infectious diseases. Although a considerable number of studies on its outbreak response, surveillance, prevention, and disease management have been conducted by the medical and science community, others often attribute Singapore''s outstanding infectious disease control to the small territory and economic affluence alone. In addition, the regulatory requirement made dengue infection legally notifiable in 1977 under the Infectious Diseases Act of 1976 while DHF had been already made administratively notifiable in 1966 [11, 12, 13] .While the rest of the Southeast Asian region experienced epidemics in 1976 and 1977, the vector control system contributed to low frequency of DHF in Singapore [10] . It is necessary to keep in mind that curving mosquito-borne epidemics like dengue infection and chikungunya fever require capacities such as laboratory-based surveillance and territory-wide vector control program as well as regional collaboration. abstract: This paper discusses countermeasures of Republic of Singapore towards mosquito-borne infectious diseases, particularly, dengue and chikungunya virus infection to identify an essential factor in controlling emergence of infectious diseases. In spite of expanding areas affected by and upsurge of these diseases in the region, the tropical urban country is known to have sustained an effective vector control, which often resulted in moderate prevalence and/or quick control of domestic outbreaks. This research has adopted an inter-disciplinary review of previous studies combined with field studies: interviewing at the Ministry of Health, Singapore and the National Environment Agency, Singapore; visiting a laboratory and hospitals; and observing on-site vector mosquito surveillance operations conducted by the agency. The findings have pointed out the national vector surveillance and control system implemented by 1970s, followed by improved countermeasures like vector and virus surveillance which have incorporated science and technology especially in the last two decades. The analysis produces an influential role of a government in promoting and supporting public health measures, which have been typically demonstrated through inter-ministry collaboration, public-private cooperation, and community involvement. In light of increasing transnational nature of emerging infectious diseases, Singapore’s contribution in the region like sharing its knowledge of and experiences in dengue and chikungunya virus infection is illustrated. The resilient model of Singapore’s vector control and governmental action warrants a further study to investigate transferability in other parts of the region. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7120152/ doi: 10.1007/978-4-431-53875-2_4 id: cord-005814-ak5pq312 author: nan title: 8th European Congress of Intensive Care Medicine Athens - Greece, October 18–22, 1995 Abstracts date: 1995 words: 179164 sentences: 12028 pages: flesch: 56 cache: ./cache/cord-005814-ak5pq312.txt txt: ./txt/cord-005814-ak5pq312.txt summary: Results: In 5 patients with treated SS, 16 tests were performed (VL n=8; Dobu n=4; NA n=4 Method: Septic shock was defined as severe sepsis with either persistent hypotension (mean arterial pressure; MAP<70 mmHg) or the requirement for a noradrenaline (NA) infusion ~> 0.1 ~g/kg/min with a MAP _< 90mmHg. Cardiovascular support was limited to NA + dobutamine (DB), 546C88 was administered for up to 8 h at a fixed dose-rate of either i, 2.5, 5, 10 or 20 mg/kg/h iv. Methods: Fourteen cases were s~udied,their gestational age ranged from(27-32)ws.Continnous positive air way pressure was applied to six cases at Peep level from (3-6)cm H2o through nasal pronge,(group I),the other 8 cases were managed as routine,(group II).Blood gases, TcPO2,TcCo2,resp.rate,depth and pattern were monitored for assessment of tissue Oxygenation and ventilation, Results: Our rasults showed that early application of CPAP improve ventilation among (83.3%)of cases,while (16.7%)of cases need IMV.The cases of group II need IMV among (75%)of the studied cases during the second or the third day of life. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7095534/ doi: 10.1007/bf02426401 id: cord-006391-esnsa4u5 author: nan title: Abstracts 5(th) Tripartite Meeting Salzburg/Austria, September 9–11,1982 date: 1982 words: 44844 sentences: 2433 pages: flesch: 50 cache: ./cache/cord-006391-esnsa4u5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-006391-esnsa4u5.txt summary: In our parallel tests using an excision-sample technique [2] which is considerably more sensitive than the DGHM procedure, we have observed the following mean reductions in the counts of accessible bacteria: iodine in ethanol, 96%; povidone-iodine, 89%; chlorhexidine in ethanol, 88%; iso-propanol, The purpose of this study was to compare radiation injury in Guinea Pig small bowel (1) devoid of contents (2) containing bile (3) containing pancreatic juice. Studies in vitro employing isolated perfused rat pancreas and stomach revealed following results: Mean basal pancreatic somatostatin release in normal, diabetic and transplanted rats were 12___3, 24-t-7, and 17__+4 pg/ml, respectively. As these changes appear closely correlated to the blood glucose levels which show a 30 % decrease at 4 h and progressive restoration towards normal values up to 24 h, attempts have been made to alter the insulin/glucagon ratio by glucose infusion after PH and study its relation to liver regeneration. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7101735/ doi: 10.1007/bf01279099 id: cord-015021-pol2qm74 author: nan title: Third International Congress on the Immune Consequences of Trauma, Shock and Sepsis —Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches date: 1994 words: 162327 sentences: 9379 pages: flesch: 50 cache: ./cache/cord-015021-pol2qm74.txt txt: ./txt/cord-015021-pol2qm74.txt summary: It is our current understanding that LPS is responsible for many of the pathophysiological events observed during gramnegative infections and that one of the major mechanisms leading to shock and death is the LPS-induced activation of macrophages resulting in the production and release of lipid and peptide mediators, among which tumor necrosis factor seems to be the most important. However plasma IL-6 estimation revealed a statistically significant reduction at 6 hours in tanrine-treated animals compared to glycino and TW controls ( Objective: To evaluate the effects of allogeneic blood transfusion, thermal injury and bacterial garage on interteukin 4 (IL-4), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) production and host mortality and to study if the administration of thymopentth (THY) could affect these events. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7095072/ doi: 10.1007/bf02258437 id: cord-015394-uj7fe5y6 author: nan title: Scientific Abstracts date: 2008-12-23 words: 242330 sentences: 15267 pages: flesch: 52 cache: ./cache/cord-015394-uj7fe5y6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-015394-uj7fe5y6.txt summary: Studies involving immunohistochemical analysis of normal ovaries have shown that granulosa cells express significantly higher levels of the activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor, cFos compared to theca cells, where cFos expression is virtually absent. Following acute hypoxia (0.5% O2) for one to six hours, RhoA mRNA, total protein and activation (RhoA-GTP) levels were analysed, using semi-quantitative PCRs and western blot, and compared to normoxic non-pregnant human uterine smooth muscle control cells. Since there is an urgent need for non-invasive methods for determination of fetal (F) and placental (P) function, this study was designed to evaluate the genes differently and commonly expressed in P tissue and leukocytes in maternal (M) and F circulation.Material and Methods. The current study: 1) localized IL-6 mRNA levels in preeclamptic versus normal decidual sections; 2) evaluated mechanisms regulating IL-6 synthesis by targeting intracellular signaling pathways with specific inhibitors; 3) identified potential IL-6 targets by immunolocalizing the IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) to specific cell types in placental bed biopsies. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7104449/ doi: 10.1177/19337191080150020102 id: cord-022659-chwk2bs4 author: nan title: Abstracts: Poster session date: 2004-10-08 words: 49153 sentences: 2598 pages: flesch: 49 cache: ./cache/cord-022659-chwk2bs4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-022659-chwk2bs4.txt summary: We investigated the usefulness of informant-based data in Alzheimer''s disease (AD) by comparing caregivers'' subjective evaluations of 83 probable A D patients'' performance on an abbreviated version of the Memory Self-Report Questionnaire to objective evaluations derived from an extensive battery of neuropsychological tests and to clinicians'' evaluations. Compared with 89 subjects (mean age 75.2 yr; 34 men, 55 women) with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT), there were no significant group differences for comparable Clinical Dementia Rating stages of dementia for measures of language, Activities of Daily Living, or general cognition. The mean age at onset did not differ significantly between handedness groups (F [ l,lOO] = .82), but the mean duration of symptoms ( Alterations in the optical properties of brain can be used to detect pathological changes in patients with Alzheimer''s disease (AD). abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7159508/ doi: 10.1002/ana.410320224 id: cord-022940-atbjwpo5 author: nan title: Poster Sessions date: 2016-09-07 words: 241182 sentences: 12746 pages: flesch: 47 cache: ./cache/cord-022940-atbjwpo5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-022940-atbjwpo5.txt summary: We have studied the effect of inhibition of IRE1 (inositol requiring enzyme 1), which is a central mediator of endoplasmic reticulum stress and controls cell proliferation and tumor growth, on hypoxic regulation of the expression of different proliferation related genes in U87 glioma cells. Transient inhibition of Akt and mTOR protein kinase activation in tumor cells followed by reactivation of signaling pathway did not result in a time-dependent difference on EGFR, HER2 and HER3 expression levels. In our study we aimed to determine cytotoxic effect of RES in K562 human CML cell line and to evaluate the expressions of miRNAs that are associated with genetics of leukemia after treatment with RES; to investigate target genes of miRNAs which show significant expression alterations and molecular mechanisms of RES treatment. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7164006/ doi: 10.1111/febs.13808 ==== make-pages.sh questions [ERIC WAS HERE] ==== make-pages.sh search /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/make-pages.sh: line 77: /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/tmp/search.htm: No such file or directory Traceback (most recent call last): File "/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/tsv2htm-search.py", line 51, in with open( TEMPLATE, 'r' ) as handle : htm = handle.read() FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/tmp/search.htm' ==== make-pages.sh topic modeling corpus Zipping study carrel