id sid tid token lemma pos cord-344835-iivry1ou 1 1 key key NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 1 2 : : : cord-344835-iivry1ou 2 1 cord-344835-iivry1ou cord-344835-iivry1ou . cord-344835-iivry1ou 3 1 authors author NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 3 2 : : : cord-344835-iivry1ou 3 3 Tsoumakidou Tsoumakidou NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 3 4 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 3 5 Maria Maria NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 3 6 ; ; : cord-344835-iivry1ou 3 7 Siafakas Siafakas NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 3 8 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 3 9 Nikolaos Nikolaos NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 3 10 M M NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 3 11 title title NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 3 12 : : : cord-344835-iivry1ou 4 1 Novel novel JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 4 2 insights insight NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 4 3 into into IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 4 4 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 4 5 aetiology aetiology NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 4 6 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 4 7 pathophysiology pathophysiology NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 4 8 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 4 9 increased increase VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 4 10 airway airway NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 4 11 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 4 12 during during IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 4 13 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 4 14 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 4 15 date date NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 4 16 : : : cord-344835-iivry1ou 4 17 2006 2006 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 4 18 - - HYPH cord-344835-iivry1ou 4 19 05 05 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 4 20 - - HYPH cord-344835-iivry1ou 4 21 22 22 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 4 22 journal journal NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 4 23 : : : cord-344835-iivry1ou 5 1 Respir Respir NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 5 2 Res Res NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 5 3 DOI doi NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 5 4 : : : cord-344835-iivry1ou 5 5 10.1186/1465 10.1186/1465 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 5 6 - - HYPH cord-344835-iivry1ou 5 7 9921 9921 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 5 8 - - HYPH cord-344835-iivry1ou 5 9 7 7 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 5 10 - - SYM cord-344835-iivry1ou 5 11 80 80 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 6 1 sha sha NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 6 2 : : : cord-344835-iivry1ou 6 3 8f11250121c352f2caa5203e9a487d581cf26039 8f11250121c352f2caa5203e9a487d581cf26039 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 6 4 doc_id doc_id CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 6 5 : : : cord-344835-iivry1ou 6 6 344835 344835 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 6 7 cord_uid cord_uid NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 6 8 : : : cord-344835-iivry1ou 7 1 iivry1ou iivry1ou NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 7 2 Airway Airway NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 7 3 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 7 4 increases increase NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 7 5 during during IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 7 6 acute acute JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 7 7 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 7 8 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 7 9 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 7 10 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 8 1 Extrinsic extrinsic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 8 2 factors factor NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 8 3 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 8 4 such such JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 8 5 as as IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 8 6 airway airway NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 8 7 infections infection NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 8 8 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 8 9 increased increase VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 8 10 air air NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 8 11 pollution pollution NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 8 12 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 8 13 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 8 14 intrinsic intrinsic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 8 15 factors factor NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 8 16 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 8 17 such such JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 8 18 as as IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 8 19 increased increase VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 8 20 oxidative oxidative JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 8 21 stress stress NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 8 22 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 8 23 altered alter VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 8 24 immunity immunity NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 8 25 may may MD cord-344835-iivry1ou 8 26 contribute contribute VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 8 27 to to IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 8 28 this this DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 8 29 increase increase NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 8 30 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 9 1 The the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 9 2 evidence evidence NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 9 3 for for IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 9 4 this this DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 9 5 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 9 6 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 9 7 potential potential JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 9 8 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 9 9 by by IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 9 10 which which WDT cord-344835-iivry1ou 9 11 various various JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 9 12 aetiological aetiological JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 9 13 agents agent NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 9 14 increase increase VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 9 15 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 9 16 during during IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 9 17 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 9 18 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 9 19 is be VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 9 20 reviewed review VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 9 21 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 10 1 The the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 10 2 pathophysiologic pathophysiologic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 10 3 consequences consequence NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 10 4 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 10 5 increased increase VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 10 6 airway airway NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 10 7 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 10 8 during during IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 10 9 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 10 10 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 10 11 are be VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 10 12 also also RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 10 13 discussed discuss VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 10 14 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 11 1 This this DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 11 2 review review NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 11 3 aims aim VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 11 4 to to TO cord-344835-iivry1ou 11 5 establish establish VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 11 6 a a DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 11 7 cause cause NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 11 8 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 11 9 effect effect NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 11 10 relationship relationship NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 11 11 between between IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 11 12 etiological etiological JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 11 13 factors factor NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 11 14 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 11 15 increased increase VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 11 16 airway airway NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 11 17 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 11 18 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 11 19 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 11 20 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 11 21 based base VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 11 22 on on IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 11 23 recently recently RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 11 24 published publish VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 11 25 data datum NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 11 26 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 12 1 Although although IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 12 2 it -PRON- PRP cord-344835-iivry1ou 12 3 can can MD cord-344835-iivry1ou 12 4 be be VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 12 5 speculated speculate VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 12 6 that that IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 12 7 reducing reduce VBG cord-344835-iivry1ou 12 8 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 12 9 may may MD cord-344835-iivry1ou 12 10 prevent prevent VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 12 11 and/or and/or CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 12 12 treat treat VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 12 13 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 12 14 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 12 15 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 12 16 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 12 17 existing exist VBG cord-344835-iivry1ou 12 18 anti anti JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 12 19 - - JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 12 20 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 12 21 treatments treatment NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 12 22 are be VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 12 23 modestly modestly RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 12 24 effective effective JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 12 25 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 13 1 Exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 13 2 are be VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 13 3 a a DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 13 4 cardinal cardinal JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 13 5 feature feature NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 13 6 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 13 7 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 13 8 natural natural JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 13 9 history history NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 13 10 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 13 11 moderate moderate JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 13 12 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 13 13 severe severe JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 13 14 Chronic Chronic NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 13 15 Obstructive obstructive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 13 16 Pulmonary Pulmonary NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 13 17 Disease Disease NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 13 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 13 19 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 13 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 13 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 13 22 1 1 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 13 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 13 24 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 14 1 Patients patient NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 14 2 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 14 3 frequent frequent JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 14 4 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 14 5 have have VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 14 6 significantly significantly RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 14 7 lower low JJR cord-344835-iivry1ou 14 8 quality quality NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 14 9 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 14 10 life life NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 14 11 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 14 12 increased increase VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 14 13 morbidity morbidity NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 14 14 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 14 15 mortality mortality NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 14 16 rates rate NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 14 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 14 18 1 1 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 14 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 14 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 14 21 2 2 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 14 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 14 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 14 24 3 3 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 14 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 14 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 14 27 4 4 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 14 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 14 29 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 15 1 Although although IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 15 2 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 15 3 effect effect NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 15 4 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 15 5 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 15 6 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 15 7 on on IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 15 8 lung lung NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 15 9 function function NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 15 10 has have VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 15 11 been be VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 15 12 questioned question VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 15 13 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 15 14 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 15 15 past past NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 15 16 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 15 17 recent recent JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 15 18 evidence evidence NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 15 19 suggests suggest VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 15 20 that that IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 15 21 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 15 22 accelerate accelerate VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 15 23 long long JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 15 24 - - HYPH cord-344835-iivry1ou 15 25 term term NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 15 26 decline decline NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 15 27 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 15 28 lung lung NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 15 29 function function NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 15 30 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 15 31 specifically specifically RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 15 32 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 15 33 smokers smoker NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 15 34 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 15 35 5 5 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 15 36 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 15 37 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 15 38 6 6 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 15 39 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 15 40 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 15 41 7 7 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 15 42 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 15 43 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 16 1 The the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 16 2 mechanism mechanism NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 16 3 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 16 4 this this DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 16 5 acceleration acceleration NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 16 6 remains remain VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 16 7 largely largely RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 16 8 unknown unknown JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 16 9 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 17 1 Treatment treatment NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 17 2 decisions decision NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 17 3 for for IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 17 4 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 17 5 patients patient NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 17 6 are be VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 17 7 frequently frequently RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 17 8 made make VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 17 9 according accord VBG cord-344835-iivry1ou 17 10 to to IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 17 11 exacerbation exacerbation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 17 12 rates rate NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 17 13 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 18 1 In in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 18 2 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 18 3 ATS ATS NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 18 4 / / SYM cord-344835-iivry1ou 18 5 ERS ERS NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 18 6 guidelines guideline NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 18 7 it -PRON- PRP cord-344835-iivry1ou 18 8 is be VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 18 9 stated state VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 18 10 that that IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 18 11 patients patient NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 18 12 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 18 13 frequent frequent JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 18 14 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 18 15 should should MD cord-344835-iivry1ou 18 16 be be VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 18 17 initiated initiate VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 18 18 a a DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 18 19 trial trial NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 18 20 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 18 21 inhaled inhale VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 18 22 steroids steroid NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 18 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 18 24 8 8 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 18 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 18 26 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 19 1 Systemic systemic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 19 2 steroids steroid NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 19 3 should should MD cord-344835-iivry1ou 19 4 be be VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 19 5 administered administer VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 19 6 during during IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 19 7 acute acute JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 19 8 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 19 9 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 19 10 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 19 11 both both CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 19 12 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 19 13 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 19 14 inpatient inpatient JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 19 15 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 19 16 outpatient outpatient NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 19 17 setting setting NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 19 18 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 20 1 These these DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 20 2 treatment treatment NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 20 3 strategies strategy NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 20 4 indicate indicate VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 20 5 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 20 6 central central JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 20 7 role role NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 20 8 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 20 9 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 20 10 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 20 11 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 20 12 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 20 13 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 20 14 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 20 15 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 21 1 Although although IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 21 2 evidence evidence NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 21 3 for for IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 21 4 increased increased JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 21 5 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 21 6 on on IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 21 7 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 21 8 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 21 9 has have VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 21 10 been be VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 21 11 reviewed review VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 21 12 previously previously RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 21 13 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 21 14 there there EX cord-344835-iivry1ou 21 15 has have VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 21 16 been be VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 21 17 little little JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 21 18 focus focus NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 21 19 on on IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 21 20 why why WRB cord-344835-iivry1ou 21 21 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 21 22 increases increase NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 21 23 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 22 1 which which WDT cord-344835-iivry1ou 22 2 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 22 3 consequences consequence NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 22 4 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 22 5 this this DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 22 6 increase increase NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 22 7 are be VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 22 8 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 22 9 9 9 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 22 10 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 22 11 10 10 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 22 12 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 22 13 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 23 1 Investigating investigate VBG cord-344835-iivry1ou 23 2 further further RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 23 3 these these DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 23 4 important important JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 23 5 questions question NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 23 6 may may MD cord-344835-iivry1ou 23 7 help help VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 23 8 establish establish VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 23 9 a a DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 23 10 cause cause NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 23 11 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 23 12 effect effect NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 23 13 relationship relationship NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 23 14 between between IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 23 15 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 23 16 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 23 17 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 23 18 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 23 19 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 24 1 The the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 24 2 primary primary JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 24 3 aim aim NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 24 4 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 24 5 this this DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 24 6 review review NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 24 7 is be VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 24 8 to to TO cord-344835-iivry1ou 24 9 summarize summarize VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 24 10 emerging emerge VBG cord-344835-iivry1ou 24 11 explanations explanation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 24 12 for for IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 24 13 why why WRB cord-344835-iivry1ou 24 14 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 24 15 is be VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 24 16 increased increase VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 24 17 during during IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 24 18 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 24 19 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 24 20 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 25 1 For for IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 25 2 practical practical JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 25 3 purposes purpose NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 25 4 an an DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 25 5 attempt attempt NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 25 6 is be VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 25 7 made make VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 25 8 to to TO cord-344835-iivry1ou 25 9 categorize categorize VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 25 10 aetiological aetiological JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 25 11 factors factor NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 25 12 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 25 13 increased increase VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 25 14 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 25 15 into into IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 25 16 extrinsic extrinsic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 25 17 or or CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 25 18 intrinsic intrinsic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 25 19 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 25 20 as as IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 25 21 it -PRON- PRP cord-344835-iivry1ou 25 22 can can MD cord-344835-iivry1ou 25 23 be be VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 25 24 seen see VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 25 25 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 25 26 table table NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 25 27 1 1 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 25 28 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 26 1 A a DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 26 2 secondary secondary JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 26 3 aim aim NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 26 4 is be VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 26 5 to to TO cord-344835-iivry1ou 26 6 try try VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 26 7 to to TO cord-344835-iivry1ou 26 8 explain explain VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 26 9 how how WRB cord-344835-iivry1ou 26 10 increased increased JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 26 11 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 26 12 is be VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 26 13 associated associate VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 26 14 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 26 15 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 26 16 pathophysiology pathophysiology NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 26 17 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 26 18 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 26 19 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 26 20 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 27 1 Bacterial bacterial JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 27 2 infections infection NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 27 3 are be VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 27 4 generally generally RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 27 5 considered consider VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 27 6 to to TO cord-344835-iivry1ou 27 7 be be VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 27 8 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 27 9 most most RBS cord-344835-iivry1ou 27 10 common common JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 27 11 causes cause NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 27 12 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 27 13 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 27 14 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 27 15 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 28 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-344835-iivry1ou 28 2 is be VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 28 3 estimated estimate VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 28 4 that that IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 28 5 more more JJR cord-344835-iivry1ou 28 6 than than IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 28 7 40 40 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 28 8 % % NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 28 9 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 28 10 all all DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 28 11 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 28 12 are be VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 28 13 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 28 14 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 28 15 origin origin NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 28 16 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 28 17 9 9 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 28 18 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 28 19 11 11 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 28 20 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 28 21 12 12 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 28 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 28 23 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 29 1 Accordingly accordingly RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 29 2 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 29 3 antibiotics antibiotic NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 29 4 should should MD cord-344835-iivry1ou 29 5 be be VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 29 6 administered administer VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 29 7 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 29 8 inpatients inpatient NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 29 9 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 29 10 outpatients outpatient NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 29 11 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 29 12 acute acute JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 29 13 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 29 14 exacerbation exacerbation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 29 15 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 29 16 changes change NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 29 17 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 29 18 sputum sputum NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 29 19 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 29 20 suggestive suggestive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 29 21 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 29 22 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 29 23 infection infection NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 29 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 29 25 8 8 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 29 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 29 27 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 30 1 The the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 30 2 most most RBS cord-344835-iivry1ou 30 3 common common JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 30 4 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 30 5 connected connect VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 30 6 to to IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 30 7 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 30 8 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 30 9 are be VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 30 10 non non JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 30 11 - - JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 30 12 typable typable JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 30 13 H. H. NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 30 14 Influenzae Influenzae NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 30 15 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 30 16 S. S. NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 30 17 Pneumoniae Pneumoniae NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 30 18 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 30 19 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 30 20 M. M. NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 30 21 Cattarhalis Cattarhalis NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 30 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 30 23 9 9 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 30 24 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 30 25 11 11 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 30 26 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 30 27 12 12 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 30 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 30 29 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 31 1 The the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 31 2 same same JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 31 3 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 31 4 often often RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 31 5 colonize colonize VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 31 6 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 31 7 nasal nasal NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 31 8 mucosa mucosa JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 31 9 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 31 10 pharynx pharynx NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 31 11 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 31 12 healthy healthy JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 31 13 individuals individual NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 31 14 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 31 15 but but CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 31 16 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 31 17 smokers smoker NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 31 18 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 31 19 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 31 20 patients patient NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 31 21 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 31 22 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 31 23 impaired impair VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 31 24 mucocilliary mucocilliary JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 31 25 clearance clearance NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 31 26 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 31 27 innate innate JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 31 28 immunity immunity NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 31 29 allow allow VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 31 30 these these DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 31 31 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 31 32 to to TO cord-344835-iivry1ou 31 33 colonize colonize VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 31 34 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 31 35 lower low JJR cord-344835-iivry1ou 31 36 airways airway NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 31 37 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 31 38 13 13 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 31 39 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 31 40 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 32 1 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 32 2 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 32 3 may may MD cord-344835-iivry1ou 32 4 be be VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 32 5 triggered trigger VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 32 6 by by IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 32 7 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 32 8 acquisition acquisition NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 32 9 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 32 10 a a DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 32 11 new new JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 32 12 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 32 13 species specie NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 32 14 or or CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 32 15 by by IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 32 16 an an DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 32 17 increase increase NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 32 18 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 32 19 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 32 20 absolute absolute JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 32 21 number number NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 32 22 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 32 23 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 32 24 same same JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 32 25 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 32 26 that that WDT cord-344835-iivry1ou 32 27 colonize colonize VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 32 28 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 32 29 airways airway NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 32 30 or or CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 32 31 by by IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 32 32 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 32 33 acquisition acquisition NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 32 34 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 32 35 a a DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 32 36 different different JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 32 37 strain strain NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 32 38 from from IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 32 39 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 32 40 same same JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 32 41 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 32 42 species specie NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 32 43 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 32 44 14 14 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 32 45 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 32 46 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 32 47 15 15 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 32 48 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 32 49 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 32 50 16 16 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 32 51 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 32 52 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 33 1 Airway airway NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 33 2 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 33 3 initiate initiate VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 33 4 airway airway NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 33 5 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 33 6 through through IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 33 7 several several JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 33 8 interconnecting interconnect VBG cord-344835-iivry1ou 33 9 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 33 10 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 1 The the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 2 surface surface NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 3 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 4 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 5 allows allow VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 6 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 7 complement complement JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 8 system system NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 9 to to TO cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 10 be be VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 11 activated activate VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 12 through through IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 13 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 14 alternative alternative JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 15 pathway pathway NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 16 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 17 while while IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 18 specific specific JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 19 surface surface NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 20 molecules molecule NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 21 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 22 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 23 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 24 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 25 called call VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 26 Pathogen Pathogen NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 27 - - HYPH cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 28 Associated Associated NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 29 Molecular Molecular NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 30 Patterns pattern NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 32 PAMPs pamp NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 34 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 35 bind bind VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 36 to to IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 37 pattern pattern NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 38 recognition recognition NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 39 receptors receptor NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 40 on on IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 41 a a DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 42 variety variety NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 43 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 44 leukocytes leukocyte NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 45 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 46 initiate initiate VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 47 signalling signal VBG cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 48 pathways pathway NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 49 that that WDT cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 50 lead lead VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 51 to to IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 52 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 53 activation activation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 54 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 55 NF nf NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 56 - - HYPH cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 57 κB κb NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 58 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 59 production production NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 60 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 61 proinflammatory proinflammatory JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 62 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 63 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 64 17 17 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 65 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 34 66 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 35 1 Once once RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 35 2 activated activate VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 35 3 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 35 4 innate innate JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 35 5 immunity immunity NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 35 6 can can MD cord-344835-iivry1ou 35 7 trigger trigger VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 35 8 both both DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 35 9 cell cell NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 35 10 - - HYPH cord-344835-iivry1ou 35 11 mediated mediate VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 35 12 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 35 13 antibodymediated antibodymediated JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 35 14 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 35 15 immune immune JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 35 16 responses response NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 35 17 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 36 1 This this DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 36 2 cascade cascade NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 36 3 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 36 4 events event NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 36 5 leads lead VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 36 6 to to IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 36 7 increased increase VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 36 8 blood blood NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 36 9 flow flow NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 36 10 to to IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 36 11 tissue tissue NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 36 12 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 36 13 increased increase VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 36 14 temperature temperature NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 36 15 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 36 16 redness redness NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 36 17 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 36 18 swelling swelling NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 36 19 which which WDT cord-344835-iivry1ou 36 20 characterize characterize VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 36 21 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 36 22 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 37 1 A a DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 37 2 significant significant JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 37 3 number number NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 37 4 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 37 5 studies study NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 37 6 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 37 7 stable stable JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 37 8 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 37 9 patients patient NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 37 10 suggest suggest VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 37 11 that that IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 37 12 airway airway JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 37 13 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 37 14 infections infection NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 37 15 are be VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 37 16 associated associate VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 37 17 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 37 18 increased increase VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 37 19 airway airway NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 37 20 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 37 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 37 22 18 18 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 37 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 37 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 37 25 19 19 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 37 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 37 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 37 28 20 20 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 37 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 37 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 37 31 21 21 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 37 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 37 33 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 38 1 Finding find VBG cord-344835-iivry1ou 38 2 a a DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 38 3 relationship relationship NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 38 4 between between IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 38 5 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 38 6 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 38 7 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 38 8 on on IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 38 9 stable stable JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 38 10 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 38 11 adds add VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 38 12 weight weight NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 38 13 to to IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 38 14 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 38 15 argument argument NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 38 16 that that IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 38 17 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 38 18 may may MD cord-344835-iivry1ou 38 19 play play VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 38 20 a a DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 38 21 causative causative JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 38 22 role role NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 38 23 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 38 24 airway airway NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 38 25 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 38 26 during during IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 38 27 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 38 28 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 38 29 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 39 1 Soler Soler NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 39 2 et et NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 39 3 al al NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 39 4 used use VBD cord-344835-iivry1ou 39 5 protected protect VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 39 6 specimen specimen JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 39 7 brush brush NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 39 8 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 39 9 bronchoalveolar bronchoalveolar NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 39 10 lavage lavage NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 39 11 sampling sampling NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 39 12 to to TO cord-344835-iivry1ou 39 13 determine determine VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 39 14 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 39 15 cell cell NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 39 16 counts count NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 39 17 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 39 18 levels level NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 39 19 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 39 20 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 39 21 concentrations concentration NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 39 22 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 39 23 microbial microbial JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 39 24 patterns pattern NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 39 25 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 39 26 stable stable JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 39 27 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 39 28 patients patient NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 39 29 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 39 30 found find VBD cord-344835-iivry1ou 39 31 that that IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 39 32 increased increase VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 39 33 neutrophils neutrophil NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 39 34 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 39 35 tumour tumour NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 39 36 necrosis necrosis NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 39 37 factor factor NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 39 38 - - HYPH cord-344835-iivry1ou 39 39 alpha alpha NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 39 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 39 41 TNFalpha TNFalpha NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 39 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 39 43 levels level NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 39 44 may may MD cord-344835-iivry1ou 39 45 be be VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 39 46 related relate VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 39 47 to to IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 39 48 bronchial bronchial JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 39 49 colonization colonization NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 39 50 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 39 51 18 18 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 39 52 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 39 53 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 40 1 Increased increase VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 40 2 TNF TNF NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 40 3 - - HYPH cord-344835-iivry1ou 40 4 alpha alpha NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 40 5 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 40 6 as as RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 40 7 well well RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 40 8 as as IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 40 9 myeloperoxidase myeloperoxidase NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 40 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 40 11 MPO MPO NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 40 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 40 13 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 40 14 interleukin-8 interleukin-8 NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 41 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 41 2 IL-8 il-8 NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 41 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 41 4 levels level NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 41 5 have have VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 41 6 been be VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 41 7 specifically specifically RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 41 8 related relate VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 41 9 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 41 10 H. H. NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 41 11 Influenzae Influenzae NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 41 12 infection infection NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 41 13 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 41 14 as as IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 41 15 shown show VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 41 16 by by IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 41 17 Bresser Bresser NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 41 18 et et NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 41 19 al al NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 41 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 41 21 19 19 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 41 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 41 23 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 42 1 However however RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 42 2 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 42 3 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 42 4 that that DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 42 5 study study NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 42 6 all all DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 42 7 mediators mediator NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 42 8 were be VBD cord-344835-iivry1ou 42 9 measured measure VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 42 10 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 42 11 frozen frozen JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 42 12 sputum sputum NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 42 13 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 42 14 MPO MPO NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 42 15 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 42 16 IL-8 IL-8 NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 42 17 levels level NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 42 18 were be VBD cord-344835-iivry1ou 42 19 only only RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 42 20 retrospectively retrospectively RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 42 21 compared compare VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 42 22 to to IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 42 23 non non JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 42 24 - - JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 42 25 infected infected JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 42 26 patients patient NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 42 27 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 43 1 In in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 43 2 fresh fresh JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 43 3 sputum sputum NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 43 4 samples sample NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 43 5 from from IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 43 6 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 43 7 patients patient NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 43 8 R. R. NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 43 9 Stockley Stockley NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 43 10 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 43 11 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-344835-iivry1ou 43 12 group group NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 43 13 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-344835-iivry1ou 43 14 that that IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 43 15 MPO MPO NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 43 16 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 43 17 neutrophil neutrophil NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 43 18 elastase elastase NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 43 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 43 20 NE NE NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 43 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 43 22 activity activity NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 43 23 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 43 24 IL-8 IL-8 NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 43 25 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 43 26 LTB4 LTB4 NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 43 27 levels level NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 43 28 are be VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 43 29 positively positively RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 43 30 related relate VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 43 31 to to IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 43 32 sputum sputum JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 43 33 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 43 34 load load NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 43 35 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 43 36 20 20 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 43 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 43 38 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 44 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 44 2 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 44 3 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 44 4 type type NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 44 5 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 44 6 organism organism NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 44 7 affected affect VBD cord-344835-iivry1ou 44 8 sputum sputum NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 44 9 MPO MPO NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 44 10 levels level NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 44 11 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 44 12 NE NE NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 44 13 activity activity NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 44 14 ; ; : cord-344835-iivry1ou 44 15 MPO MPO NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 44 16 levels level NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 44 17 were be VBD cord-344835-iivry1ou 44 18 relatively relatively RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 44 19 increased increase VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 44 20 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 44 21 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 44 22 presence presence NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 44 23 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 44 24 Ps Ps NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 44 25 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 45 1 Aeruginosa aeruginosa NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 45 2 compared compare VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 45 3 to to IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 45 4 H. H. NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 45 5 Influenzae Influenzae NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 45 6 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 45 7 to to IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 45 8 M. M. NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 45 9 Catarrhalis Catarrhalis NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 45 10 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 46 1 There there EX cord-344835-iivry1ou 46 2 have have VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 46 3 been be VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 46 4 also also RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 46 5 reports report NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 46 6 for for IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 46 7 decreased decrease VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 46 8 secretory secretory JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 46 9 leukocyte leukocyte NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 46 10 protease protease NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 46 11 inhibitor inhibitor NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 46 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 46 13 SLPI SLPI NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 46 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 46 15 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 46 16 sputum sputum NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 46 17 samples sample NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 46 18 from from IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 46 19 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 46 20 patients patient NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 46 21 colonised colonise VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 46 22 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 46 23 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 46 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 46 25 20 20 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 46 26 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 46 27 21 21 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 46 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 46 29 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 47 1 Upper upper JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 47 2 airways airway NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 47 3 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 47 4 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 47 5 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 47 6 is be VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 47 7 also also RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 47 8 increased increase VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 47 9 when when WRB cord-344835-iivry1ou 47 10 there there EX cord-344835-iivry1ou 47 11 is be VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 47 12 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 47 13 colonization colonization NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 47 14 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 47 15 22 22 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 47 16 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 47 17 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 48 1 All all PDT cord-344835-iivry1ou 48 2 these these DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 48 3 results result NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 48 4 taken take VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 48 5 together together RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 48 6 suggest suggest VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 48 7 that that IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 48 8 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 48 9 are be VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 48 10 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 48 11 24 24 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 48 12 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 48 13 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 49 1 This this DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 49 2 discrepancy discrepancy NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 49 3 may may MD cord-344835-iivry1ou 49 4 be be VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 49 5 due due JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 49 6 to to IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 49 7 differences difference NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 49 8 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 49 9 sputum sputum NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 49 10 induction induction NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 49 11 time time NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 49 12 or or CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 49 13 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 49 14 sputum sputum NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 49 15 processing processing NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 49 16 or or CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 49 17 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 49 18 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 49 19 assays assay NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 49 20 used use VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 49 21 for for IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 49 22 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 49 23 detection detection NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 49 24 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 49 25 fluid fluid JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 49 26 - - HYPH cord-344835-iivry1ou 49 27 phase phase NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 49 28 mediators mediator NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 49 29 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 50 1 Another another DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 50 2 intriguing intriguing JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 50 3 hypothesis hypothesis NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 50 4 is be VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 50 5 that that IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 50 6 different different JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 50 7 strains strain NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 50 8 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 50 9 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 50 10 same same JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 50 11 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 50 12 may may MD cord-344835-iivry1ou 50 13 induce induce VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 50 14 different different JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 50 15 levels level NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 50 16 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 50 17 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 50 18 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 50 19 subjects subject NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 50 20 taking take VBG cord-344835-iivry1ou 50 21 part part NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 50 22 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 50 23 different different JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 50 24 studies study NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 50 25 might may MD cord-344835-iivry1ou 50 26 have have VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 50 27 been be VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 50 28 infected infect VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 50 29 by by IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 50 30 different different JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 50 31 strains strain NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 50 32 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 50 33 H. H. NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 50 34 Influenzae Influenzae NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 50 35 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 51 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-344835-iivry1ou 51 2 was be VBD cord-344835-iivry1ou 51 3 recently recently RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 51 4 shown show VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 51 5 that that IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 51 6 H. H. NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 51 7 Influenzae Influenzae NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 51 8 strains strain VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 51 9 isolated isolate VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 51 10 from from IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 51 11 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 51 12 patients patient NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 51 13 during during IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 51 14 exacerbation exacerbation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 51 15 induce induce VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 51 16 more more JJR cord-344835-iivry1ou 51 17 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 51 18 than than IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 51 19 strains strain NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 51 20 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 51 21 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 51 22 same same JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 51 23 pathogen pathogen NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 51 24 isolated isolate VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 51 25 from from IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 51 26 colonizers colonizer NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 51 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 51 28 16 16 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 51 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 51 30 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 52 1 The the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 52 2 close close JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 52 3 association association NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 52 4 between between IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 52 5 airway airway NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 52 6 infections infection NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 52 7 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 52 8 increased increase VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 52 9 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 52 10 during during IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 52 11 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 52 12 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 52 13 has have VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 52 14 been be VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 52 15 further further RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 52 16 confirmed confirm VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 52 17 by by IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 52 18 a a DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 52 19 report report NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 52 20 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 52 21 increased increase VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 52 22 systemic systemic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 52 23 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 52 24 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 52 25 infected infected JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 52 26 patients patient NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 52 27 during during IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 52 28 exacerbation exacerbation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 52 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 52 30 25 25 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 52 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 52 32 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 53 1 Consistent consistent JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 53 2 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 53 3 these these DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 53 4 observations observation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 53 5 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 53 6 airway airway NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 53 7 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 53 8 can can MD cord-344835-iivry1ou 53 9 be be VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 53 10 decreased decrease VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 53 11 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 53 12 treatment treatment NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 53 13 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 53 14 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 53 15 infection infection NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 53 16 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 54 1 Early early JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 54 2 evidence evidence NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 54 3 came come VBD cord-344835-iivry1ou 54 4 from from IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 54 5 a a DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 54 6 relatively relatively RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 54 7 small small JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 54 8 study study NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 54 9 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 54 10 which which WDT cord-344835-iivry1ou 54 11 showed show VBD cord-344835-iivry1ou 54 12 that that IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 54 13 neutrophilic neutrophilic NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 54 14 mediators mediator NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 54 15 ' ' POS cord-344835-iivry1ou 54 16 levels level NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 54 17 may may MD cord-344835-iivry1ou 54 18 decrease decrease VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 54 19 after after IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 54 20 treatment treatment NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 54 21 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 54 22 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 54 23 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 54 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 54 25 26 26 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 54 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 54 27 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 55 1 Gompertz Gompertz NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 55 2 et et NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 55 3 al al NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 55 4 confirmed confirm VBD cord-344835-iivry1ou 55 5 that that IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 55 6 there there EX cord-344835-iivry1ou 55 7 are be VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 55 8 significant significant JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 55 9 decreases decrease NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 55 10 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 55 11 neutrophilic neutrophilic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 55 12 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 55 13 mediators mediator NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 55 14 after after IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 55 15 treatment treatment NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 55 16 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 55 17 purulent purulent JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 55 18 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 55 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 55 20 27 27 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 55 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 55 22 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 56 1 Most most RBS cord-344835-iivry1ou 56 2 importantly importantly RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 56 3 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 56 4 White White NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 56 5 et et NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 56 6 al al NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 56 7 studied study VBD cord-344835-iivry1ou 56 8 patients patient NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 56 9 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 56 10 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 56 11 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 56 12 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 56 13 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-344835-iivry1ou 56 14 a a DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 56 15 significant significant JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 56 16 fall fall NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 56 17 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 56 18 sputum sputum NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 56 19 leukotriene leukotriene NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 56 20 B4 B4 NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 56 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 56 22 LTB4 LTB4 NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 56 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 56 24 levels level NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 56 25 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 56 26 an an DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 56 27 increase increase NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 56 28 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 56 29 SLPI SLPI NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 56 30 levels level NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 56 31 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 56 32 patients patient NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 56 33 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 56 34 whom whom WP cord-344835-iivry1ou 56 35 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 56 36 were be VBD cord-344835-iivry1ou 56 37 eradicated eradicate VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 56 38 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 56 39 but but CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 56 40 not not RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 56 41 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 56 42 those those DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 56 43 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 56 44 whom whom WP cord-344835-iivry1ou 56 45 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 56 46 persisted persist VBD cord-344835-iivry1ou 56 47 on on IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 56 48 stable stable JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 56 49 state state NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 56 50 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 56 51 24 24 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 56 52 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 56 53 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 57 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 57 2 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 57 3 MPO MPO NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 57 4 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 57 5 LTB4 LTB4 NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 57 6 levels level NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 57 7 were be VBD cord-344835-iivry1ou 57 8 significantly significantly RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 57 9 lower low JJR cord-344835-iivry1ou 57 10 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 57 11 SLPI SLPI NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 57 12 levels level NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 57 13 significantly significantly RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 57 14 higher higher RBR cord-344835-iivry1ou 57 15 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 57 16 patients patient NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 57 17 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 57 18 treated treat VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 57 19 compared compare VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 57 20 to to IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 57 21 patients patient NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 57 22 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 57 23 untreated untreated JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 57 24 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 57 25 infections infection NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 57 26 on on IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 57 27 stable stable JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 57 28 state state NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 57 29 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 1 In in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 2 conclusion conclusion NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 3 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 4 three three CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 5 major major JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 6 findings finding NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 7 support support VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 8 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 9 hypothesis hypothesis NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 10 that that IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 11 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 12 infections infection NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 13 are be VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 14 actively actively RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 15 implicated implicate VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 16 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 17 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 18 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 19 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 20 increased increase VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 21 airway airway NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 22 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 23 during during IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 24 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 25 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 26 : : : cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 27 1 1 LS cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 29 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 30 infections infection NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 31 increase increase VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 32 airway airway NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 33 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 34 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 35 colonized colonize VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 36 stable stable JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 37 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 38 patients patient NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 39 2 2 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 41 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 42 - - HYPH cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 43 positive positive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 44 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 45 show show VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 46 increased increase VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 47 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 48 ( ( -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 49 particularly particularly RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 50 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 51 neutrophilic neutrophilic NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 52 type type NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 53 ) ) -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 54 compared compare VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 55 to to IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 56 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 57 - - HYPH cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 58 negative negative JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 59 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 60 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 61 3 3 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 62 ) ) -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 63 eradication eradication NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 64 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 65 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 66 after after IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 67 a a DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 68 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 69 exacerbation exacerbation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 70 is be VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 71 accompanied accompany VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 72 by by IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 73 a a DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 74 significant significant JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 75 decrease decrease NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 76 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 77 airway airway NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 78 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 58 79 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 59 1 A a DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 59 2 summary summary NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 59 3 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 59 4 these these DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 59 5 findings finding NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 59 6 is be VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 59 7 presented present VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 59 8 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 59 9 table table NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 59 10 2 2 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 59 11 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 60 1 1b 1b CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 60 2 Viral viral JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 60 3 infections infection NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 61 1 Respiratory respiratory JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 61 2 viruses virus NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 61 3 are be VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 61 4 important important JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 61 5 triggers trigger NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 61 6 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 61 7 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 61 8 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 61 9 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 62 1 Initial initial JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 62 2 studies study NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 62 3 using use VBG cord-344835-iivry1ou 62 4 serology serology NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 62 5 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 62 6 cell cell NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 62 7 cultures culture NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 62 8 for for IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 62 9 detecting detect VBG cord-344835-iivry1ou 62 10 viral viral JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 62 11 infections infection NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 62 12 suggested suggest VBD cord-344835-iivry1ou 62 13 that that IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 62 14 30 30 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 62 15 % % NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 62 16 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 62 17 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 62 18 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 62 19 are be VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 62 20 related relate VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 62 21 to to IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 62 22 viral viral JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 62 23 infections infection NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 62 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 62 25 28 28 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 62 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 62 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 62 28 29 29 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 62 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 62 30 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 62 31 30 30 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 62 32 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 62 33 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 63 1 Later later JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 63 2 studies study NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 63 3 using use VBG cord-344835-iivry1ou 63 4 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 63 5 more more RBR cord-344835-iivry1ou 63 6 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 63 7 method method NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 63 8 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 63 9 reverse reverse JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 63 10 transcriptase transcriptase NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 63 11 polymerase polymerase NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 63 12 chain chain NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 63 13 reaction reaction NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 63 14 showed show VBD cord-344835-iivry1ou 63 15 that that IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 63 16 40%-50 40%-50 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 63 17 % % NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 63 18 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 63 19 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 63 20 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 63 21 may may MD cord-344835-iivry1ou 63 22 be be VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 63 23 secondary secondary JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 63 24 to to IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 63 25 viral viral JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 63 26 infection infection NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 63 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 63 28 31 31 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 63 29 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 63 30 32 32 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 63 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 63 32 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 64 1 Rhinoviruses Rhinoviruses NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 64 2 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 64 3 picornaviruses picornavirus NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 64 4 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 64 5 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 64 6 syncytial syncytial JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 64 7 virus virus NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 64 8 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 64 9 influenza influenza NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 64 10 A a NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 64 11 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 64 12 B b NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 64 13 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 64 14 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 64 15 are be VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 64 16 more more RBR cord-344835-iivry1ou 64 17 frequently frequently RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 64 18 detected detect VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 64 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 64 20 31 31 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 64 21 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 64 22 32 32 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 64 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 64 24 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 65 1 Possible possible JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 65 2 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 65 3 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 65 4 viral viral RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 65 5 - - HYPH cord-344835-iivry1ou 65 6 induced induce VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 65 7 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 65 8 have have VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 65 9 been be VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 65 10 described describe VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 65 11 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 66 1 The the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 66 2 airway airway NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 66 3 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 66 4 cell cell NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 66 5 is be VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 66 6 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 66 7 principal principal JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 66 8 host host NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 66 9 cell cell NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 66 10 for for IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 66 11 most most JJS cord-344835-iivry1ou 66 12 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 66 13 viruses virus NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 66 14 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 66 15 33 33 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 66 16 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 66 17 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 67 1 Viral viral JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 67 2 replication replication NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 67 3 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 67 4 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 67 5 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 67 6 cell cell NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 67 7 triggers trigger VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 67 8 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 67 9 signalling signal VBG cord-344835-iivry1ou 67 10 pathways pathway NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 67 11 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 67 12 including include VBG cord-344835-iivry1ou 67 13 activation activation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 67 14 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 67 15 NFκB NFκB NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 67 16 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 67 17 which which WDT cord-344835-iivry1ou 67 18 leads lead VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 67 19 to to IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 67 20 increases increase NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 67 21 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 67 22 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 67 23 secretion secretion NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 67 24 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 67 25 multiple multiple JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 67 26 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 67 27 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 67 28 recruitment recruitment NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 67 29 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 67 30 multiple multiple JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 67 31 leukocytes leukocyte NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 67 32 to to IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 67 33 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 67 34 airways airways NNPS cord-344835-iivry1ou 67 35 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 67 36 33 33 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 67 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 67 38 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 68 1 Antigen antigen NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 68 2 presenting present VBG cord-344835-iivry1ou 68 3 cells cell NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 68 4 are be VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 68 5 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 68 6 particular particular JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 68 7 importance importance NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 68 8 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 68 9 because because IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 68 10 binding bind VBG cord-344835-iivry1ou 68 11 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 68 12 viruses virus NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 68 13 to to IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 68 14 these these DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 68 15 cells cell NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 68 16 induces induce VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 68 17 innate innate JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 68 18 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 68 19 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 68 20 immune immune JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 68 21 responses response NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 68 22 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 68 23 T T NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 68 24 lymphocyte lymphocyte NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 68 25 activation activation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 68 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 68 27 34 34 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 68 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 68 29 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 69 1 There there EX cord-344835-iivry1ou 69 2 is be VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 69 3 convincing convincing JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 69 4 data datum NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 69 5 that that WDT cord-344835-iivry1ou 69 6 viruses virus NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 69 7 induce induce VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 69 8 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 69 9 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 69 10 asthma asthma NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 69 11 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 69 12 35 35 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 69 13 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 69 14 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 70 1 In in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 70 2 animal animal NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 70 3 models model NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 70 4 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 70 5 emphysema emphysema NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 70 6 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 70 7 latent latent JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 70 8 adenoviral adenoviral JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 70 9 infection infection NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 70 10 amplifies amplify VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 70 11 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 70 12 emphysematous emphysematous JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 70 13 destruction destruction NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 70 14 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 70 15 increases increase VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 70 16 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 70 17 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 70 18 response response NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 70 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 70 20 36 36 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 70 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 70 22 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 71 1 In in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 71 2 stable stable JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 71 3 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 71 4 latent latent JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 71 5 adenoviral adenoviral JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 71 6 infection infection NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 71 7 has have VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 71 8 been be VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 71 9 associated associate VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 71 10 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 71 11 severe severe JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 71 12 emphysema emphysema NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 71 13 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 71 14 increased increase VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 71 15 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 71 16 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 71 17 37 37 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 71 18 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 71 19 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 72 1 The the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 72 2 group group NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 72 3 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 72 4 J J NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 72 5 Wedzicha Wedzicha NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 72 6 showed show VBD cord-344835-iivry1ou 72 7 that that IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 72 8 viral viral JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 72 9 infections infection NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 72 10 might may MD cord-344835-iivry1ou 72 11 be be VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 72 12 implicated implicate VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 72 13 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 72 14 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 72 15 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 72 16 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 72 17 increased increase VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 72 18 airway airway NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 72 19 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 72 20 possibly possibly RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 72 21 systemic systemic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 72 22 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 72 23 during during IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 72 24 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 72 25 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 72 26 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 73 1 Plasma Plasma NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 73 2 IL-6 IL-6 NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 73 3 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 73 4 fibrinogen fibrinogen NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 73 5 levels level NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 73 6 were be VBD cord-344835-iivry1ou 73 7 higher high JJR cord-344835-iivry1ou 73 8 during during IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 73 9 viral viral JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 73 10 than than IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 73 11 non non JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 73 12 - - JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 73 13 viral viral JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 73 14 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 73 15 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 73 16 although although IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 73 17 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 73 18 difference difference NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 73 19 just just RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 73 20 failed fail VBD cord-344835-iivry1ou 73 21 to to TO cord-344835-iivry1ou 73 22 reach reach VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 73 23 statistical statistical JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 73 24 significance significance NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 73 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 73 26 31 31 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 73 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 73 28 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 74 1 However however RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 74 2 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 74 3 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 74 4 that that DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 74 5 study study NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 74 6 viruses virus NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 74 7 were be VBD cord-344835-iivry1ou 74 8 detected detect VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 74 9 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 74 10 nasal nasal NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 74 11 samples sample NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 74 12 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 74 13 it -PRON- PRP cord-344835-iivry1ou 74 14 has have VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 74 15 been be VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 74 16 shown show VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 74 17 that that IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 74 18 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 74 19 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 74 20 patients patient NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 74 21 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 74 22 viruses virus NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 74 23 are be VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 74 24 detected detect VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 74 25 more more RBR cord-344835-iivry1ou 74 26 frequently frequently RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 74 27 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 74 28 induced induce VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 74 29 sputum sputum NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 74 30 than than IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 74 31 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 74 32 nasal nasal NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 74 33 lavage lavage NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 74 34 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 74 35 32 32 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 74 36 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 74 37 38 38 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 74 38 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 74 39 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 75 1 When when WRB cord-344835-iivry1ou 75 2 rhinovirus rhinovirus NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 75 3 infection infection NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 75 4 was be VBD cord-344835-iivry1ou 75 5 detected detect VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 75 6 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 75 7 induced induce VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 75 8 sputum sputum NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 75 9 samples sample VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 75 10 a a DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 75 11 significant significant JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 75 12 correlation correlation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 75 13 was be VBD cord-344835-iivry1ou 75 14 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 75 15 between between IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 75 16 rhinovirus rhinovirus NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 75 17 infection infection NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 75 18 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 75 19 increased increase VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 75 20 sputum sputum NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 75 21 IL-6 IL-6 NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 75 22 levels level NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 75 23 on on IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 75 24 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 75 25 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 75 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 75 27 38 38 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 75 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 75 29 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 76 1 Further further RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 76 2 to to IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 76 3 these these DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 76 4 observations observation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 76 5 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 76 6 two two CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 76 7 recent recent JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 76 8 studies study NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 76 9 showed show VBD cord-344835-iivry1ou 76 10 that that IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 76 11 viral viral JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 76 12 airway airway NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 76 13 infections infection NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 76 14 during during IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 76 15 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 76 16 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 76 17 are be VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 76 18 related relate VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 76 19 to to IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 76 20 airway airway NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 76 21 eosinophilia eosinophilia NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 76 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 76 23 39 39 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 76 24 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 76 25 40 40 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 76 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 76 27 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 77 1 This this DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 77 2 new new JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 77 3 find find NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 77 4 - - HYPH cord-344835-iivry1ou 77 5 ing ing NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 77 6 may may MD cord-344835-iivry1ou 77 7 be be VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 77 8 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 77 9 particular particular JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 77 10 clinical clinical JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 77 11 importance importance NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 77 12 as as IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 77 13 airway airway NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 77 14 eosinophilia eosinophilia NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 77 15 could could MD cord-344835-iivry1ou 77 16 be be VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 77 17 used use VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 77 18 as as IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 77 19 an an DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 77 20 indicator indicator NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 77 21 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 77 22 viral viral JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 77 23 infection infection NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 77 24 during during IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 77 25 an an DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 77 26 exacerbation exacerbation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 77 27 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 78 1 The the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 78 2 important important JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 78 3 role role NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 78 4 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 78 5 eosinophils eosinophil NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 78 6 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 78 7 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 78 8 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 78 9 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 78 10 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 78 11 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 78 12 is be VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 78 13 further further RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 78 14 supported support VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 78 15 by by IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 78 16 studies study NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 78 17 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 78 18 bronchial bronchial JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 78 19 biopsies biopsy NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 78 20 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 78 21 sputum sputum NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 78 22 samples sample NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 78 23 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 78 24 which which WDT cord-344835-iivry1ou 78 25 show show VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 78 26 increased increase VBD cord-344835-iivry1ou 78 27 eosinophil eosinophil JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 78 28 numbers number NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 78 29 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 78 30 eosinophil eosinophil JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 78 31 mediators mediator NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 78 32 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 78 33 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 78 34 patients patient NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 78 35 during during IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 78 36 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 78 37 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 78 38 41 41 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 78 39 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 78 40 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 78 41 42 42 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 78 42 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 78 43 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 78 44 43 43 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 78 45 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 78 46 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 78 47 44 44 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 78 48 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 78 49 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 78 50 45 45 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 78 51 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 78 52 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 78 53 46 46 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 78 54 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 78 55 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 79 1 Eosinophils Eosinophils NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 79 2 may may MD cord-344835-iivry1ou 79 3 be be VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 79 4 actively actively RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 79 5 involved involve VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 79 6 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 79 7 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 79 8 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 79 9 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 79 10 viral viral RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 79 11 - - HYPH cord-344835-iivry1ou 79 12 induced induce VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 79 13 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 79 14 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 79 15 through through IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 79 16 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 79 17 release release NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 79 18 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 79 19 destructive destructive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 79 20 enzymes enzyme NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 79 21 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 79 22 reactive reactive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 79 23 oxygen oxygen NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 79 24 species specie NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 79 25 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 79 26 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 79 27 mediators mediator NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 79 28 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 80 1 1c 1c LS cord-344835-iivry1ou 80 2 Atypical atypical JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 80 3 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 80 4 Atypical atypical JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 80 5 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 80 6 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 80 7 potential potential JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 80 8 importance importance NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 80 9 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 80 10 acute acute JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 80 11 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 80 12 include include VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 80 13 M. M. NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 80 14 Pneumoniae Pneumoniae NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 80 15 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 80 16 C. C. NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 80 17 Pneumoniae Pneumoniae NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 80 18 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 80 19 Legionella Legionella NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 80 20 spp spp NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 80 21 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 81 1 Considerable considerable JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 81 2 confusion confusion NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 81 3 exists exist VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 81 4 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 81 5 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 81 6 literature literature NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 81 7 regarding regard VBG cord-344835-iivry1ou 81 8 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 81 9 significance significance NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 81 10 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 81 11 these these DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 81 12 potential potential JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 81 13 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 81 14 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 81 15 acute acute JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 81 16 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 81 17 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 81 18 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 81 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 81 20 47 47 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 81 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 81 22 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 82 1 This this DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 82 2 is be VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 82 3 partly partly RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 82 4 due due JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 82 5 to to IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 82 6 differences difference NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 82 7 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 82 8 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 82 9 techniques technique NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 82 10 used use VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 82 11 to to TO cord-344835-iivry1ou 82 12 detect detect VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 82 13 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 82 14 presence presence NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 82 15 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 82 16 atypical atypical JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 82 17 infections infection NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 82 18 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 83 1 When when WRB cord-344835-iivry1ou 83 2 a a DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 83 3 fourfold fourfold JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 83 4 increase increase NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 83 5 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 83 6 antibody antibody NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 83 7 titter titter NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 83 8 or or CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 83 9 a a DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 83 10 positive positive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 83 11 culture culture NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 83 12 or or CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 83 13 RT RT NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 83 14 - - HYPH cord-344835-iivry1ou 83 15 PCR PCR NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 83 16 is be VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 83 17 used use VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 83 18 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 83 19 M. M. NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 83 20 Pneumoniae Pneumoniae NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 83 21 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 83 22 Legionella Legionella NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 83 23 are be VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 83 24 rare rare JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 83 25 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 83 26 C. C. NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 83 27 Pneumoniae Pneumoniae NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 83 28 infection infection NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 83 29 may may MD cord-344835-iivry1ou 83 30 be be VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 83 31 involved involve VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 83 32 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 83 33 up up IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 83 34 to to TO cord-344835-iivry1ou 83 35 9 9 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 83 36 % % NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 83 37 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 83 38 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 83 39 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 83 40 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 83 41 30 30 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 83 42 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 83 43 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 83 44 48 48 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 83 45 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 84 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 84 2 49 49 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 84 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 84 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 84 5 50 50 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 84 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 84 7 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 85 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 85 2 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 85 3 chronic chronic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 85 4 colonization colonization NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 85 5 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 85 6 C. C. NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 85 7 Pneumoniae Pneumoniae NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 85 8 may may MD cord-344835-iivry1ou 85 9 be be VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 85 10 associated associate VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 85 11 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 85 12 a a DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 85 13 higher high JJR cord-344835-iivry1ou 85 14 rate rate NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 85 15 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 85 16 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 85 17 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 85 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 85 19 51 51 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 85 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 85 21 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 86 1 C. C. NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 86 2 Pneumonia Pneumonia NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 86 3 infection infection NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 86 4 can can MD cord-344835-iivry1ou 86 5 amplify amplify VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 86 6 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 86 7 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 86 8 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 86 9 airways airway NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 86 10 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 86 11 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 86 12 patients patient NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 86 13 by by IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 86 14 stimulating stimulate VBG cord-344835-iivry1ou 86 15 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 86 16 production production NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 86 17 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 86 18 expression expression NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 86 19 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 86 20 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 86 21 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 86 22 chemokines chemokine NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 86 23 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 86 24 adhesion adhesion NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 86 25 molecules molecule NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 86 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 86 27 52 52 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 86 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 86 29 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 87 1 However however RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 87 2 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 87 3 clear clear JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 87 4 evidence evidence NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 87 5 showing show VBG cord-344835-iivry1ou 87 6 a a DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 87 7 direct direct JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 87 8 relationship relationship NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 87 9 between between IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 87 10 increased increased JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 87 11 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 87 12 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 87 13 C. C. NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 87 14 Pneumoniae Pneumoniae NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 87 15 infection infection NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 87 16 during during IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 87 17 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 87 18 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 87 19 is be VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 87 20 yet yet RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 87 21 lacking lack VBG cord-344835-iivry1ou 87 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 87 23 50 50 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 87 24 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 87 25 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 88 1 Epidemiologists epidemiologist NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 88 2 have have VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 88 3 linked link VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 88 4 ambient ambient JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 88 5 particulate particulate NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 88 6 air air NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 88 7 pollution pollution NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 88 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 88 9 PM pm NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 88 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 88 11 exposure exposure NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 88 12 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 88 13 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 88 14 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 88 15 pre pre JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 88 16 - - JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 88 17 existing existing JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 88 18 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 88 19 diseases disease NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 88 20 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 88 21 such such JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 88 22 as as IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 88 23 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 88 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 88 25 53 53 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 88 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 88 27 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 89 1 PM pm NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 89 2 - - HYPH cord-344835-iivry1ou 89 3 mediated mediate VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 89 4 enhancement enhancement NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 89 5 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 89 6 airway airway NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 89 7 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 89 8 is be VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 89 9 a a DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 89 10 central central JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 89 11 pathogenetic pathogenetic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 89 12 mechanism mechanism NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 89 13 by by IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 89 14 which which WDT cord-344835-iivry1ou 89 15 PM pm NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 89 16 exposure exposure NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 89 17 leads lead VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 89 18 to to IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 89 19 exacerbation exacerbation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 89 20 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 89 21 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 89 22 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 89 23 diseases disease NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 89 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 89 25 54 54 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 89 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 89 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 89 28 55 55 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 89 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 89 30 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 89 31 56 56 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 89 32 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 89 33 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 90 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-344835-iivry1ou 90 2 has have VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 90 3 been be VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 90 4 suggested suggest VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 90 5 that that IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 90 6 PM PM NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 90 7 exposure exposure NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 90 8 induces induce VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 90 9 lung lung NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 90 10 inflam inflam NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 90 11 - - HYPH cord-344835-iivry1ou 90 12 mation mation NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 90 13 by by IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 90 14 an an DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 90 15 increase increase NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 90 16 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 90 17 Reactive Reactive NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 90 18 Oxygen Oxygen NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 90 19 Species Species NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 90 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 90 21 57 57 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 90 22 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 90 23 58 58 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 90 24 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 90 25 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 91 1 To to IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 91 2 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 91 3 best good JJS cord-344835-iivry1ou 91 4 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 91 5 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-344835-iivry1ou 91 6 knowledge knowledge NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 91 7 there there EX cord-344835-iivry1ou 91 8 are be VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 91 9 no no DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 91 10 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 91 11 vivo vivo NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 91 12 studies study NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 91 13 on on IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 91 14 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 91 15 effect effect NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 91 16 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 91 17 PM pm NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 91 18 exposure exposure NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 91 19 on on IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 91 20 airway airway JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 91 21 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 91 22 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 91 23 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 91 24 patients patient NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 91 25 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 92 1 There there EX cord-344835-iivry1ou 92 2 is be VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 92 3 also also RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 92 4 lack lack NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 92 5 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 92 6 information information NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 92 7 on on IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 92 8 airway airway JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 92 9 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 92 10 during during IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 92 11 PM PM NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 92 12 exposure exposure NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 92 13 induced induce VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 92 14 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 92 15 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 92 16 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 92 17 which which WDT cord-344835-iivry1ou 92 18 may may MD cord-344835-iivry1ou 92 19 be be VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 92 20 due due JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 92 21 to to IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 92 22 difficulties difficulty NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 92 23 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 92 24 defining define VBG cord-344835-iivry1ou 92 25 such such JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 92 26 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 92 27 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 93 1 Trolox trolox JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 93 2 equivalent equivalent JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 93 3 antioxidant antioxidant NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 93 4 capacity capacity NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 93 5 is be VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 93 6 decreased decrease VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 93 7 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 93 8 patients patient NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 93 9 presenting present VBG cord-344835-iivry1ou 93 10 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 93 11 acute acute JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 93 12 exacerbation exacerbation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 93 13 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 93 14 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 93 15 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 93 16 59 59 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 93 17 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 93 18 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 94 1 Recent recent JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 94 2 reports report NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 94 3 suggest suggest VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 94 4 that that IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 94 5 8-isoprostane 8-isoprostane CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 94 6 levels level NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 94 7 are be VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 94 8 increased increase VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 94 9 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 94 10 exhaled exhale VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 94 11 breath breath NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 94 12 condensate condensate NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 94 13 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 94 14 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 94 15 patients patient NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 94 16 during during IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 94 17 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 94 18 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 94 19 while while IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 94 20 levels level NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 94 21 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 94 22 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 94 23 antioxidant antioxidant JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 94 24 enzyme enzyme NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 94 25 glutathione(GSH glutathione(GSH NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 94 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 94 27 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 94 28 bronchoalveolar bronchoalveolar NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 94 29 lavage lavage NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 94 30 fluid fluid NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 94 31 are be VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 94 32 decreased decrease VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 94 33 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 94 34 60 60 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 94 35 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 94 36 61 61 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 94 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 94 38 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 95 1 Oxidative oxidative JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 95 2 stress stress NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 95 3 may may MD cord-344835-iivry1ou 95 4 be be VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 95 5 closely closely RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 95 6 associated associate VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 95 7 to to IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 95 8 increased increase VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 95 9 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 95 10 during during IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 95 11 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 95 12 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 95 13 60 60 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 95 14 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 95 15 62 62 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 95 16 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 95 17 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 96 1 Oxidant oxidant JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 96 2 stimuli stimulus NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 96 3 induce induce VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 96 4 cellular cellular JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 96 5 expression expression NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 96 6 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 96 7 inducible inducible JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 96 8 nitric nitric NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 96 9 oxide oxide NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 96 10 synthase synthase NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 96 11 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 96 12 heme heme NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 96 13 - - HYPH cord-344835-iivry1ou 96 14 oxygenase-1(HO-1 oxygenase-1(HO-1 NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 96 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 96 16 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 96 17 increase increase VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 96 18 nitrotyrosine nitrotyrosine JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 96 19 formation formation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 96 20 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 97 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-344835-iivry1ou 97 2 have have VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 97 3 shown show VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 97 4 that that IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 97 5 there there EX cord-344835-iivry1ou 97 6 is be VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 97 7 increased increase VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 97 8 HO-1 HO-1 NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 97 9 expression expression NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 97 10 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 97 11 nitrotyrosine nitrotyrosine JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 97 12 formation formation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 97 13 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 97 14 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 97 15 airways airway NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 97 16 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 97 17 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 97 18 patients patient NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 97 19 during during IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 97 20 severe severe JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 97 21 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 97 22 relatively relatively RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 97 23 to to IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 97 24 stable stable JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 97 25 state state NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 97 26 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 97 27 that that IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 97 28 this this DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 97 29 is be VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 97 30 accompanied accompany VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 97 31 by by IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 97 32 an an DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 97 33 increase increase NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 97 34 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 97 35 indices index NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 97 36 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 97 37 neutrophilic neutrophilic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 97 38 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 97 39 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 97 40 i.e. i.e. FW cord-344835-iivry1ou 97 41 neutrophil neutrophil NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 97 42 numbers number NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 97 43 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 97 44 MPO MPO NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 97 45 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 97 46 IL-8 IL-8 NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 97 47 levels level NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 97 48 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 97 49 62 62 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 97 50 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 97 51 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 98 1 Evidence evidence NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 98 2 for for IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 98 3 a a DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 98 4 close close JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 98 5 association association NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 98 6 between between IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 98 7 oxidative oxidative JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 98 8 stress stress NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 98 9 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 98 10 airway airway NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 98 11 neutrophilia neutrophilia NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 98 12 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 98 13 increased increase VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 98 14 IL-8 IL-8 NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 98 15 during during IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 98 16 severe severe JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 98 17 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 98 18 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 98 19 is be VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 98 20 also also RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 98 21 supported support VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 98 22 by by IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 98 23 Drost Drost NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 98 24 et et FW cord-344835-iivry1ou 98 25 al al NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 98 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 98 27 60 60 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 98 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 98 29 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 99 1 A a DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 99 2 certain certain JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 99 3 limitation limitation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 99 4 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 99 5 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 99 6 study study NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 99 7 by by IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 99 8 Drost Drost NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 99 9 et et FW cord-344835-iivry1ou 99 10 al al NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 99 11 is be VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 99 12 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 99 13 fact fact NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 99 14 that that IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 99 15 different different JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 99 16 patients patient NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 99 17 were be VBD cord-344835-iivry1ou 99 18 examined examine VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 99 19 on on IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 99 20 exacerbation exacerbation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 99 21 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 99 22 on on IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 99 23 stable stable JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 99 24 state state NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 99 25 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 100 1 Oxidative oxidative JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 100 2 stress stress NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 100 3 induces induce VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 100 4 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 100 5 transcription transcription NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 100 6 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 100 7 various various JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 100 8 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 100 9 factors factor NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 100 10 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 100 11 such such JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 100 12 as as IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 100 13 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 100 14 factor factor NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 100 15 - - : cord-344835-iivry1ou 100 16 kappaB kappaB NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 100 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 100 18 NF nf NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 100 19 - - HYPH cord-344835-iivry1ou 100 20 κB κB NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 100 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 100 22 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 100 23 activator activator NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 100 24 protein-1 protein-1 NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 100 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 100 26 AP-1 AP-1 NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 100 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 100 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 100 29 63 63 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 100 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 100 31 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 101 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-344835-iivry1ou 101 2 has have VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 101 3 been be VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 101 4 shown show VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 101 5 that that IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 101 6 NF nf NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 101 7 - - HYPH cord-344835-iivry1ou 101 8 κB κb CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 101 9 DNA dna NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 101 10 binding binding NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 101 11 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 101 12 sputum sputum JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 101 13 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 101 14 cells cell NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 101 15 is be VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 101 16 increased increase VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 101 17 during during IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 101 18 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 101 19 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 101 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 101 21 64 64 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 101 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 101 23 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 102 1 Other other JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 102 2 investigators investigator NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 102 3 have have VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 102 4 reported report VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 102 5 increased increase VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 102 6 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 102 7 localisation localisation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 102 8 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 102 9 p65 p65 NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 102 10 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 102 11 which which WDT cord-344835-iivry1ou 102 12 is be VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 102 13 a a DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 102 14 signal signal NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 102 15 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 102 16 NF nf NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 102 17 - - HYPH cord-344835-iivry1ou 102 18 κB κb CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 102 19 activation activation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 102 20 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 102 21 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 102 22 sputum sputum NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 102 23 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 102 24 during during IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 102 25 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 102 26 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 102 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 102 28 65 65 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 102 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 102 30 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 103 1 NF NF NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 103 2 - - HYPH cord-344835-iivry1ou 103 3 κB κB NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 103 4 is be VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 103 5 important important JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 103 6 for for IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 103 7 transcription transcription NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 103 8 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 103 9 IL-8 il-8 NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 103 10 gene gene NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 103 11 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 103 12 oxidative oxidative JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 103 13 stress stress NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 103 14 may may MD cord-344835-iivry1ou 103 15 induce induce VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 103 16 or or CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 103 17 amplify amplify VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 103 18 airway airway NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 103 19 neutrophilia neutrophilia NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 103 20 by by IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 103 21 inducing induce VBG cord-344835-iivry1ou 103 22 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 103 23 transcription transcription NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 103 24 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 103 25 IL-8 il-8 NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 103 26 gene gene NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 103 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 103 28 66 66 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 103 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 103 30 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 104 1 In in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 104 2 support support NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 104 3 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 104 4 this this DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 104 5 hypothesis hypothesis NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 104 6 both both CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 104 7 we -PRON- PRP cord-344835-iivry1ou 104 8 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 104 9 Drost Drost NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 104 10 et et FW cord-344835-iivry1ou 104 11 al al NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 104 12 have have VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 104 13 found find VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 104 14 increased increase VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 104 15 IL-8 il-8 NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 104 16 levels level NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 104 17 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 104 18 neutrophil neutrophil NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 104 19 numbers number NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 104 20 associated associate VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 104 21 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 104 22 increased increase VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 104 23 oxidative oxidative JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 104 24 stress stress NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 104 25 on on IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 104 26 severe severe JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 104 27 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 104 28 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 104 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 104 30 60 60 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 104 31 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 104 32 62 62 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 104 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 104 34 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 105 1 Activated activate VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 105 2 neutrophils neutrophil NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 105 3 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 105 4 other other JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 105 5 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 105 6 cells cell NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 105 7 can can MD cord-344835-iivry1ou 105 8 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 105 9 turn turn NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 105 10 release release VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 105 11 reactive reactive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 105 12 oxygen oxygen NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 105 13 species specie NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 105 14 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 105 15 increase increase VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 105 16 airway airway NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 105 17 oxidative oxidative JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 105 18 stress stress NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 105 19 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 106 1 Because because IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 106 2 oxidative oxidative JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 106 3 stress stress NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 106 4 can can MD cord-344835-iivry1ou 106 5 induce induce VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 106 6 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 106 7 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 106 8 vice vice NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 106 9 versa versa RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 106 10 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 106 11 it -PRON- PRP cord-344835-iivry1ou 106 12 is be VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 106 13 not not RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 106 14 clear clear JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 106 15 which which WDT cord-344835-iivry1ou 106 16 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 106 17 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 106 18 two two CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 106 19 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 106 20 oxidative oxidative JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 106 21 stress stress NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 106 22 or or CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 106 23 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 106 24 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 106 25 is be VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 106 26 primarily primarily RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 106 27 involved involve VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 106 28 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 106 29 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 106 30 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 106 31 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 106 32 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 106 33 exacerbations-[the exacerbations-[the JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 106 34 chicken chicken NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 106 35 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 106 36 egg egg NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 106 37 problem problem NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 106 38 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 106 39 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 107 1 Alterations alteration NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 107 2 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 107 3 innate innate JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 107 4 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 107 5 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 107 6 immunity immunity NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 107 7 are be VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 107 8 implicated implicate VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 107 9 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 107 10 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 107 11 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 107 12 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 107 13 67 67 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 107 14 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 107 15 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 108 1 Evidence evidence NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 108 2 favouring favour VBG cord-344835-iivry1ou 108 3 participation participation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 108 4 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 108 5 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 108 6 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 108 7 immune immune JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 108 8 response response NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 108 9 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 108 10 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 108 11 includes include VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 108 12 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 108 13 several several JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 108 14 reports report NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 108 15 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 108 16 increased increase VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 108 17 numbers number NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 108 18 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 108 19 Tlymphocytes Tlymphocytes NNPS cord-344835-iivry1ou 108 20 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 108 21 specifically specifically RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 108 22 CD8+ve CD8+ve NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 108 23 T T NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 108 24 - - HYPH cord-344835-iivry1ou 108 25 cells cell NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 108 26 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 108 27 a a DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 108 28 " " `` cord-344835-iivry1ou 108 29 type type NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 108 30 1"profile 1"profile CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 108 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 108 32 68 68 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 108 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 108 34 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 108 35 69 69 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 108 36 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 108 37 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 108 38 70 70 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 108 39 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 108 40 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 108 41 71 71 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 108 42 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 108 43 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 109 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-344835-iivry1ou 109 2 is be VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 109 3 still still RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 109 4 unknown unknown JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 109 5 whether whether IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 109 6 these these DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 109 7 alterations alteration NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 109 8 are be VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 109 9 triggered trigger VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 109 10 by by IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 109 11 cigarette cigarette NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 109 12 smoking smoking NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 109 13 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 109 14 viral viral JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 109 15 infections infection NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 109 16 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 109 17 or or CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 109 18 there there EX cord-344835-iivry1ou 109 19 is be VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 109 20 a a DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 109 21 genetic genetic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 109 22 predisposal predisposal NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 109 23 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 110 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-344835-iivry1ou 110 2 have have VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 110 3 recently recently RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 110 4 shown show VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 110 5 that that IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 110 6 CD8+ve CD8+ve NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 110 7 T T NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 110 8 lymphocytes lymphocyte NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 110 9 may may MD cord-344835-iivry1ou 110 10 mediate mediate VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 110 11 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-344835-iivry1ou 110 12 destructive destructive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 110 13 effects effect NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 110 14 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 110 15 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 110 16 through through IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 110 17 increased increase VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 110 18 perforin perforin JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 110 19 expression expression NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 110 20 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 110 21 cytotoxic cytotoxic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 110 22 activity activity NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 110 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 110 24 72 72 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 110 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 110 26 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 111 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-344835-iivry1ou 111 2 would would MD cord-344835-iivry1ou 111 3 be be VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 111 4 reasonable reasonable JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 111 5 to to TO cord-344835-iivry1ou 111 6 assume assume VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 111 7 that that IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 111 8 lymphocytes lymphocyte NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 111 9 may may MD cord-344835-iivry1ou 111 10 be be VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 111 11 implicated implicate VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 111 12 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 111 13 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 111 14 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 111 15 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 111 16 increased increase VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 111 17 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 111 18 during during IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 111 19 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 111 20 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 111 21 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 112 1 According accord VBG cord-344835-iivry1ou 112 2 to to IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 112 3 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-344835-iivry1ou 112 4 observations observation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 112 5 changes change NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 112 6 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 112 7 lymphocyte lymphocyte NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 112 8 subpopulations subpopulation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 112 9 occur occur VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 112 10 during during IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 112 11 severe severe JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 112 12 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 112 13 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 112 14 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 112 15 73 73 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 112 16 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 112 17 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 113 1 In in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 113 2 specific specific JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 113 3 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 113 4 there there EX cord-344835-iivry1ou 113 5 is be VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 113 6 a a DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 113 7 further further JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 113 8 increase increase NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 113 9 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 113 10 CD8+ve CD8+ve NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 113 11 T T NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 113 12 cells cell NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 113 13 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 113 14 this this DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 113 15 is be VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 113 16 rather rather RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 113 17 associated associate VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 113 18 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 113 19 increased increase VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 113 20 CD8+ve CD8+ve NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 113 21 type type NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 113 22 2 2 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 113 23 cells cell NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 113 24 compared compare VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 113 25 to to IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 113 26 type type NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 113 27 1 1 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 113 28 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 114 1 This this DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 114 2 finding finding NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 114 3 suggests suggest VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 114 4 that that IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 114 5 Tc1 tc1 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 114 6 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 114 7 Tc2 tc2 NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 114 8 responses response NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 114 9 may may MD cord-344835-iivry1ou 114 10 fluctuate fluctuate VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 114 11 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 114 12 relation relation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 114 13 to to IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 114 14 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 114 15 different different JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 114 16 phase phase NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 114 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 114 18 exacerbation exacerbation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 114 19 versus versus IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 114 20 stable stable JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 114 21 state state NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 114 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 114 23 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 114 24 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 114 25 disease disease NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 114 26 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 114 27 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 114 28 same same JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 114 29 patient patient NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 114 30 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 115 1 Similar similar JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 115 2 observations observation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 115 3 have have VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 115 4 been be VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 115 5 made make VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 115 6 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 115 7 other other JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 115 8 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 115 9 diseases disease NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 115 10 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 115 11 74 74 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 115 12 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 115 13 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 116 1 A a DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 116 2 relative relative JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 116 3 increase increase NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 116 4 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 116 5 Tc2 tc2 NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 116 6 versus versus IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 116 7 Tc1 tc1 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 116 8 cells cell NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 116 9 may may MD cord-344835-iivry1ou 116 10 result result VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 116 11 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 116 12 impaired impaired JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 116 13 immunity immunity NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 116 14 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 116 15 increased increase VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 116 16 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 116 17 to to IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 116 18 viral viral JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 116 19 infections infection NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 116 20 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 116 21 increased increase VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 116 22 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 116 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 116 24 75 75 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 116 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 116 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 116 27 76 76 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 116 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 116 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 116 30 77 77 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 116 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 116 32 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 117 1 Although although IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 117 2 Saetta Saetta NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 117 3 et et NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 117 4 al al NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 117 5 also also RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 117 6 found find VBD cord-344835-iivry1ou 117 7 increased increase VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 117 8 T T NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 117 9 cell cell NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 117 10 numbers number NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 117 11 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 117 12 endobronchial endobronchial JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 117 13 biopsies biopsy NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 117 14 from from IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 117 15 chronic chronic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 117 16 bronchitis bronchitis NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 117 17 patients patient NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 117 18 on on IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 117 19 mild mild JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 117 20 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 117 21 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 117 22 no no DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 117 23 difference difference NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 117 24 was be VBD cord-344835-iivry1ou 117 25 detected detect VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 117 26 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 117 27 CD4 CD4 NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 117 28 or or CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 117 29 CD8+ve CD8+ve NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 117 30 cell cell NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 117 31 numbers number NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 117 32 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 117 33 45 45 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 117 34 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 117 35 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 118 1 This this DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 118 2 discrepancy discrepancy NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 118 3 may may MD cord-344835-iivry1ou 118 4 be be VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 118 5 attributed attribute VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 118 6 to to IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 118 7 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 118 8 fact fact NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 118 9 that that IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 118 10 we -PRON- PRP cord-344835-iivry1ou 118 11 examined examine VBD cord-344835-iivry1ou 118 12 sputum sputum NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 118 13 samples sample NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 118 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 118 15 not not RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 118 16 biopsies biopsy NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 118 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 118 18 from from IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 118 19 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 118 20 patients patient NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 118 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 118 22 not not RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 118 23 chronic chronic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 118 24 bronchitis bronchitis NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 118 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 118 26 on on IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 118 27 severe severe JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 118 28 exacerbation exacerbation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 118 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 118 30 not not RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 118 31 mild mild JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 118 32 exacerbation exacerbation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 118 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 118 34 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 119 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 119 2 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 119 3 Saetta Saetta NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 119 4 et et NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 119 5 al al NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 119 6 compared compare VBD cord-344835-iivry1ou 119 7 different different JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 119 8 patients patient NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 119 9 on on IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 119 10 exacerbation exacerbation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 119 11 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 119 12 on on IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 119 13 stable stable JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 119 14 state state NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 119 15 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 119 16 which which WDT cord-344835-iivry1ou 119 17 could could MD cord-344835-iivry1ou 119 18 be be VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 119 19 a a DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 119 20 limitation limitation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 119 21 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 119 22 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-344835-iivry1ou 119 23 study study NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 119 24 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 120 1 However however RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 120 2 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 120 3 finding find VBG cord-344835-iivry1ou 120 4 increased increase VBD cord-344835-iivry1ou 120 5 T T NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 120 6 cell cell NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 120 7 numbers number NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 120 8 still still RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 120 9 adds add VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 120 10 evidence evidence NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 120 11 to to IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 120 12 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 120 13 argument argument NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 120 14 that that IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 120 15 immune immune JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 120 16 responses response NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 120 17 may may MD cord-344835-iivry1ou 120 18 be be VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 120 19 involved involve VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 120 20 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 120 21 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 120 22 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 120 23 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 120 24 increased increase VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 120 25 airway airway NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 120 26 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 120 27 during during IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 120 28 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 120 29 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 120 30 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 121 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-344835-iivry1ou 121 2 would would MD cord-344835-iivry1ou 121 3 be be VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 121 4 logical logical JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 121 5 to to TO cord-344835-iivry1ou 121 6 assume assume VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 121 7 that that IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 121 8 small small JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 121 9 increases increase NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 121 10 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 121 11 airway airway NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 121 12 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 121 13 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 121 14 patients patient NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 121 15 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 121 16 already already RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 121 17 increased increase VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 121 18 baseline baseline JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 121 19 levels level NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 121 20 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 121 21 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 121 22 can can MD cord-344835-iivry1ou 121 23 easily easily RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 121 24 trigger trigger VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 121 25 a a DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 121 26 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 121 27 exacerbation exacerbation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 121 28 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 122 1 This this DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 122 2 presumes presume VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 122 3 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 122 4 existence existence NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 122 5 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 122 6 an an DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 122 7 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 122 8 threshold threshold NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 122 9 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 122 10 above above IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 122 11 which which WDT cord-344835-iivry1ou 122 12 exacerbation exacerbation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 122 13 occurs occur VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 122 14 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 123 1 In in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 123 2 relation relation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 123 3 to to IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 123 4 this this DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 123 5 hypothesis hypothesis NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 123 6 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 123 7 Bhowmik Bhowmik NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 123 8 et et NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 123 9 al al NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 123 10 showed show VBD cord-344835-iivry1ou 123 11 that that IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 123 12 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 123 13 patients patient NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 123 14 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 123 15 frequent frequent JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 123 16 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 123 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 123 18 ≥ ≥ CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 123 19 3 3 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 123 20 episodes/ episodes/ NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 123 21 year year NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 123 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 123 23 have have VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 123 24 increased increase VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 123 25 baseline baseline JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 123 26 sputum sputum NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 123 27 IL-6 IL-6 NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 123 28 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 123 29 IL-8 IL-8 NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 123 30 levels level NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 123 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 123 32 78 78 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 123 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 123 34 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 124 1 However however RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 124 2 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 124 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-344835-iivry1ou 124 4 was be VBD cord-344835-iivry1ou 124 5 not not RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 124 6 examined examine VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 124 7 whether whether IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 124 8 this this DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 124 9 was be VBD cord-344835-iivry1ou 124 10 related relate VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 124 11 to to IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 124 12 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 124 13 colonization colonization NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 124 14 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 124 15 as as IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 124 16 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 124 17 colonization colonization NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 124 18 can can MD cord-344835-iivry1ou 124 19 increase increase VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 124 20 airway airway JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 124 21 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 124 22 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 124 23 exacerbation exacerbation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 124 24 rates rate NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 124 25 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 125 1 The the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 125 2 same same JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 125 3 group group NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 125 4 also also RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 125 5 showed show VBD cord-344835-iivry1ou 125 6 faster fast JJR cord-344835-iivry1ou 125 7 rises rise NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 125 8 over over IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 125 9 time time NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 125 10 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 125 11 plasma plasma NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 125 12 fibrinogen fibrinogen NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 125 13 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 125 14 sputum sputum NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 125 15 IL-6 IL-6 NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 125 16 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 125 17 patients patient NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 125 18 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 125 19 frequent frequent JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 125 20 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 125 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 125 22 79 79 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 125 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 125 24 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 126 1 On on IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 126 2 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 126 3 contrary contrary NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 126 4 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 126 5 Gombertz Gombertz NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 126 6 et et NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 126 7 al al NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 126 8 did do VBD cord-344835-iivry1ou 126 9 not not RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 126 10 detect detect VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 126 11 any any DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 126 12 difference difference NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 126 13 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 126 14 neutrophilic neutrophilic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 126 15 mediators mediator NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 126 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 126 17 including include VBG cord-344835-iivry1ou 126 18 IL-8 IL-8 NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 126 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 126 20 between between IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 126 21 frequent frequent JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 126 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 126 23 ≥ ≥ CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 126 24 3 3 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 126 25 episodes episode NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 126 26 / / SYM cord-344835-iivry1ou 126 27 year year NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 126 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 126 29 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 126 30 infrequent infrequent JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 126 31 exacerbators exacerbator NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 126 32 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 126 33 80 80 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 126 34 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 126 35 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 127 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 127 2 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 127 3 when when WRB cord-344835-iivry1ou 127 4 patients patient NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 127 5 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 127 6 bronchiectasis bronchiectasi NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 127 7 were be VBD cord-344835-iivry1ou 127 8 excluded exclude VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 127 9 from from IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 127 10 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 127 11 analysis analysis NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 127 12 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 127 13 SLPI SLPI NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 127 14 was be VBD cord-344835-iivry1ou 127 15 found find VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 127 16 to to TO cord-344835-iivry1ou 127 17 be be VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 127 18 lower low JJR cord-344835-iivry1ou 127 19 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 127 20 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 127 21 patients patient NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 127 22 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 127 23 frequent frequent JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 127 24 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 127 25 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 127 26 which which WDT cord-344835-iivry1ou 127 27 suggests suggest VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 127 28 that that IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 127 29 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 127 30 patients patient NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 127 31 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 127 32 bronchiectasis bronchiectasis NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 127 33 may may MD cord-344835-iivry1ou 127 34 represent represent VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 127 35 a a DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 127 36 distinct distinct JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 127 37 group group NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 127 38 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 128 1 Fujimoto Fujimoto NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 128 2 et et NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 128 3 al al NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 128 4 also also RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 128 5 report report VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 128 6 no no DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 128 7 difference difference NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 128 8 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 128 9 baseline baseline NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 129 1 IL-8 IL-8 NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 129 2 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 129 3 markers marker NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 129 4 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 129 5 eosinophilic eosinophilic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 129 6 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 129 7 between between IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 129 8 stable stable JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 129 9 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 129 10 unstable unstable JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 129 11 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 129 12 patients patient NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 129 13 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 129 14 42 42 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 129 15 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 129 16 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 130 1 However however RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 130 2 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 130 3 results result NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 130 4 between between IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 130 5 this this DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 130 6 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 130 7 other other JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 130 8 studies study NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 130 9 are be VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 130 10 not not RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 130 11 comparable comparable JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 130 12 due due IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 130 13 to to IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 130 14 lower low JJR cord-344835-iivry1ou 130 15 exacerbation exacerbation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 130 16 rates rate NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 130 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 130 18 mean mean VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 130 19 1 1 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 130 20 episode episode NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 130 21 / / SYM cord-344835-iivry1ou 130 22 year year NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 130 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 130 24 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 130 25 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 130 26 unstable unstable JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 130 27 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 130 28 group group NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 130 29 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 130 30 this this DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 130 31 study study NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 130 32 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 131 1 In in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 131 2 conclusion conclusion NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 131 3 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 131 4 data datum NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 131 5 relating relate VBG cord-344835-iivry1ou 131 6 baseline baseline JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 131 7 airway airway NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 131 8 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 131 9 to to IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 131 10 exacerbation exacerbation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 131 11 frequency frequency NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 131 12 are be VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 131 13 rather rather RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 131 14 controversial controversial JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 131 15 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 132 1 Part part NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 132 2 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 132 3 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 132 4 existing exist VBG cord-344835-iivry1ou 132 5 confusion confusion NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 132 6 may may MD cord-344835-iivry1ou 132 7 be be VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 132 8 due due JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 132 9 to to IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 132 10 significant significant JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 132 11 heterogeneity heterogeneity NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 132 12 among among IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 132 13 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 132 14 patients patient NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 132 15 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 132 16 to to IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 132 17 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 132 18 existence existence NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 132 19 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 132 20 several several JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 132 21 factors factor NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 132 22 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 132 23 like like IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 132 24 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 132 25 colonization colonization NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 132 26 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 132 27 bronchiectasis bronchiectasis NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 132 28 that that WDT cord-344835-iivry1ou 132 29 may may MD cord-344835-iivry1ou 132 30 increase increase VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 132 31 airway airway NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 132 32 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 132 33 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 133 1 In in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 133 2 particular particular JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 133 3 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 133 4 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 133 5 patients patient NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 133 6 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 133 7 bronchiectasis bronchiectasis NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 133 8 may may MD cord-344835-iivry1ou 133 9 represent represent VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 133 10 a a DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 133 11 distinct distinct JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 133 12 group group NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 133 13 characterized characterize VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 133 14 by by IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 133 15 higher high JJR cord-344835-iivry1ou 133 16 rates rate NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 133 17 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 133 18 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 133 19 colonization colonization NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 133 20 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 133 21 increased increase VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 133 22 baseline baseline JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 133 23 levels level NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 133 24 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 133 25 airway airway NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 133 26 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 133 27 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 133 28 longer long JJR cord-344835-iivry1ou 133 29 symptom symptom NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 133 30 recovery recovery NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 133 31 times time NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 133 32 at at IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 133 33 exacerbation exacerbation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 133 34 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 133 35 81 81 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 133 36 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 133 37 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 134 1 Episodes episode NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 134 2 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 134 3 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 134 4 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 134 5 are be VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 134 6 characterized characterize VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 134 7 by by IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 134 8 an an DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 134 9 acute acute JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 134 10 increase increase NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 134 11 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 134 12 a a DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 134 13 patient patient NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 134 14 's 's POS cord-344835-iivry1ou 134 15 baseline baseline JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 134 16 dyspnoea dyspnoea NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 134 17 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 134 18 cough cough NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 134 19 and/or and/or CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 134 20 sputum sputum NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 134 21 production production NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 134 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 134 23 8 8 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 134 24 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 134 25 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 135 1 Severe severe JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 135 2 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 135 3 are be VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 135 4 also also RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 135 5 associated associate VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 135 6 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 135 7 worsening worsen VBG cord-344835-iivry1ou 135 8 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 135 9 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 135 10 gas gas NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 135 11 exchange exchange NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 135 12 that that WDT cord-344835-iivry1ou 135 13 may may MD cord-344835-iivry1ou 135 14 lead lead VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 135 15 to to IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 135 16 hypoxemia hypoxemia NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 135 17 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 135 18 or or CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 135 19 without without IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 135 20 hypercapnia hypercapnia NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 135 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 135 22 82 82 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 135 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 135 24 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 136 1 In in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 136 2 order order NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 136 3 to to TO cord-344835-iivry1ou 136 4 support support VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 136 5 a a DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 136 6 role role NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 136 7 for for IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 136 8 airway airway NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 136 9 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 136 10 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 136 11 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 136 12 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 137 1 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 137 2 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 137 3 which which WDT cord-344835-iivry1ou 137 4 are be VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 137 5 induced induce VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 137 6 by by IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 137 7 airway airway NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 137 8 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 137 9 need need VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 137 10 to to TO cord-344835-iivry1ou 137 11 be be VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 137 12 related relate VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 137 13 to to IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 137 14 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 137 15 symptoms symptom NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 137 16 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 137 17 pathophysiology pathophysiology NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 137 18 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 137 19 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 137 20 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 138 1 Increased increase VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 138 2 airway airway NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 138 3 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 138 4 induces induce VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 138 5 many many JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 138 6 pathologic pathologic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 138 7 changes change NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 138 8 on on IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 138 9 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 138 10 airways airway NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 138 11 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 139 1 Accumulation accumulation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 139 2 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 139 3 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 139 4 cells cell NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 139 5 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 139 6 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 139 7 airway airway NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 139 8 mucosa mucosa NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 139 9 by by IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 139 10 itself -PRON- PRP cord-344835-iivry1ou 139 11 causes cause VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 139 12 airway airway NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 139 13 wall wall NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 139 14 thickening thickening NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 139 15 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 140 1 Inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 140 2 cells cell NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 140 3 can can MD cord-344835-iivry1ou 140 4 release release VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 140 5 potentially potentially RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 140 6 harmful harmful JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 140 7 mediators mediator NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 140 8 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 140 9 such such JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 140 10 as as IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 140 11 proteases protease NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 140 12 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 140 13 reactive reactive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 140 14 oxygen oxygen NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 140 15 species specie NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 140 16 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 140 17 83 83 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 140 18 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 140 19 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 141 1 Neutrophil Neutrophil NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 141 2 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 141 3 eosinophil eosinophil JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 141 4 products product NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 141 5 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 141 6 like like IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 141 7 MPO MPO NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 141 8 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 141 9 NE NE NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 141 10 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 141 11 eosinophilic eosinophilic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 141 12 cationic cationic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 141 13 protein protein NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 141 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 141 15 ECP ECP NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 141 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 141 17 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 141 18 have have VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 141 19 been be VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 141 20 found find VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 141 21 increased increase VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 141 22 on on IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 141 23 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 141 24 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 141 25 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 141 26 can can MD cord-344835-iivry1ou 141 27 cause cause VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 141 28 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 141 29 damage damage NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 141 30 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 141 31 increased increase VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 141 32 permeability permeability NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 141 33 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 141 34 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 141 35 bronchial bronchial JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 141 36 mucosa mucosa NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 141 37 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 141 38 resulting result VBG cord-344835-iivry1ou 141 39 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 141 40 airway airway NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 141 41 oedema oedema NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 141 42 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 141 43 protein protein NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 141 44 exudation exudation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 141 45 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 141 46 20 20 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 141 47 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 141 48 42 42 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 141 49 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 141 50 62 62 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 141 51 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 141 52 84 84 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 141 53 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 141 54 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 142 1 Inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 142 2 mediators mediator NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 142 3 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 142 4 like like IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 142 5 ECP ECP NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 142 6 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 142 7 can can MD cord-344835-iivry1ou 142 8 also also RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 142 9 induce induce VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 142 10 bronchoconstriction bronchoconstriction NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 142 11 by by IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 142 12 increasing increase VBG cord-344835-iivry1ou 142 13 achetinocholine achetinocholine NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 142 14 release release NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 142 15 from from IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 142 16 parasynmpathetic parasynmpathetic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 142 17 nerves nerve NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 142 18 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 142 19 while while IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 142 20 others other NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 142 21 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 142 22 like like IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 142 23 NE NE NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 142 24 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 142 25 increase increase VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 142 26 mucus mucus NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 142 27 secretion secretion NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 142 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 142 29 85 85 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 142 30 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 142 31 86 86 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 142 32 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 142 33 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 143 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 143 2 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 143 3 mediators mediator NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 143 4 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 143 5 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 143 6 enhance enhance VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 143 7 coughing cough VBG cord-344835-iivry1ou 143 8 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 143 9 87 87 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 143 10 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 143 11 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 144 1 Potentially potentially RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 144 2 harmful harmful JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 144 3 mediators mediator NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 144 4 may may MD cord-344835-iivry1ou 144 5 be be VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 144 6 released release VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 144 7 not not RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 144 8 only only RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 144 9 by by IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 144 10 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 144 11 cells cell NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 144 12 but but CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 144 13 also also RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 144 14 by by IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 144 15 resident resident JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 144 16 cells cell NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 144 17 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 145 1 For for IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 145 2 example example NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 145 3 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 145 4 endothelin endothelin NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 145 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 145 6 ET)-1 ET)-1 NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 145 7 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 145 8 which which WDT cord-344835-iivry1ou 145 9 has have VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 145 10 been be VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 145 11 found find VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 145 12 increased increase VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 145 13 on on IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 145 14 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 145 15 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 145 16 can can MD cord-344835-iivry1ou 145 17 be be VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 145 18 released release VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 145 19 by by IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 145 20 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 145 21 cells cell NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 145 22 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 145 23 stimulates stimulate VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 145 24 mucus mucus NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 145 25 secretion secretion NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 145 26 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 145 27 bronchial bronchial JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 145 28 hyperesponsiveness hyperesponsiveness NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 145 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 145 30 50 50 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 145 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 145 32 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 146 1 The the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 146 2 cascade cascade NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 146 3 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 146 4 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 146 5 above above JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 146 6 events event NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 146 7 leads lead VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 146 8 to to IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 146 9 significant significant JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 146 10 airway airway NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 146 11 narrowing narrowing NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 146 12 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 146 13 increased increased JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 146 14 airway airway NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 146 15 secretions secretion NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 146 16 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 146 17 while while IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 146 18 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 146 19 patient patient NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 146 20 suffers suffer VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 146 21 from from IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 146 22 increased increase VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 146 23 cough cough NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 146 24 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 146 25 sputum sputum NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 146 26 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 146 27 and/or and/or CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 146 28 increased increase VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 146 29 dyspnea dyspnea NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 146 30 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 147 1 The the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 147 2 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 147 3 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 147 4 dyspnea dyspnea NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 147 5 are be VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 147 6 not not RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 147 7 entirely entirely RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 147 8 understood understand VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 147 9 yet yet RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 147 10 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 147 11 but but CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 147 12 may may MD cord-344835-iivry1ou 147 13 be be VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 147 14 also also RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 147 15 associated associate VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 147 16 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 147 17 excessive excessive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 147 18 airway airway NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 147 19 narrowing narrowing NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 147 20 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 147 21 dynamic dynamic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 147 22 hyperinflation hyperinflation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 147 23 due due IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 147 24 to to IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 147 25 increased increase VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 147 26 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 147 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 147 28 88 88 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 147 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 147 30 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 147 31 89 89 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 147 32 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 147 33 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 147 34 90 90 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 147 35 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 147 36 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 148 1 A a DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 148 2 brief brief JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 148 3 summary summary NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 148 4 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 148 5 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 148 6 pathophysiologic pathophysiologic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 148 7 events event NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 148 8 that that WDT cord-344835-iivry1ou 148 9 may may MD cord-344835-iivry1ou 148 10 link link VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 148 11 airway airway NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 148 12 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 148 13 to to IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 148 14 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 148 15 symptoms symptom NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 148 16 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 148 17 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 148 18 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 148 19 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 148 20 to to IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 148 21 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 148 22 failure failure NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 148 23 is be VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 148 24 given give VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 148 25 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 148 26 figure figure NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 148 27 _SP cord-344835-iivry1ou 148 28 1 1 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 148 29 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 149 1 Airway airway NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 149 2 narrowing narrowing NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 149 3 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 149 4 caused cause VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 149 5 by by IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 149 6 increased increase VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 149 7 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 149 8 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 149 9 leads lead VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 149 10 to to TO cord-344835-iivry1ou 149 11 expiratory expiratory VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 149 12 flow flow NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 149 13 limitation limitation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 149 14 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 149 15 dynamic dynamic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 149 16 hyperinflation hyperinflation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 149 17 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 150 1 Dynamic dynamic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 150 2 hyperinflation hyperinflation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 150 3 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 150 4 turn turn NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 150 5 increases increase VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 150 6 work work NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 150 7 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 150 8 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 150 9 muscles muscle NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 150 10 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 150 11 oxygen oxygen NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 150 12 consumption consumption NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 150 13 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 150 14 resulting result VBG cord-344835-iivry1ou 150 15 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 150 16 decreased decreased JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 150 17 mixed mixed JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 150 18 venous venous JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 150 19 oxygen oxygen NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 150 20 tension tension NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 150 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 150 22 91 91 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 150 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 150 24 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 151 1 Airway airway NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 151 2 narrowing narrowing NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 151 3 also also RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 151 4 increases increase VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 151 5 ventilation ventilation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 151 6 / / SYM cord-344835-iivry1ou 151 7 perfusion perfusion NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 151 8 inequality inequality NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 151 9 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 151 10 because because IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 151 11 a a DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 151 12 greater great JJR cord-344835-iivry1ou 151 13 proportion proportion NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 151 14 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 151 15 blood blood NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 151 16 flow flow NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 151 17 is be VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 151 18 diverted divert VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 151 19 through through IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 151 20 lung lung NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 151 21 units unit NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 151 22 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 151 23 low low JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 151 24 V'/Q v'/q NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 151 25 ' ' '' cord-344835-iivry1ou 151 26 ratios ratio NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 151 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 151 28 91 91 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 151 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 151 30 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 152 1 The the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 152 2 combi combi NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 152 3 - - HYPH cord-344835-iivry1ou 152 4 Schematic schematic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 152 5 presentation presentation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 152 6 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 152 7 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 152 8 main main JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 152 9 pathophysiologic pathophysiologic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 152 10 events event NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 152 11 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 152 12 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 152 13 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 152 14 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 152 15 starting start VBG cord-344835-iivry1ou 152 16 from from IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 152 17 increased increase VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 152 18 airway airway NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 152 19 inflamma inflamma NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 152 20 - - HYPH cord-344835-iivry1ou 152 21 tion tion NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 152 22 Figure figure NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 152 23 1 1 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 152 24 Schematic schematic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 152 25 presentation presentation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 152 26 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 152 27 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 152 28 main main JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 152 29 pathophysiologic pathophysiologic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 152 30 events event NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 152 31 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 152 32 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 152 33 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 152 34 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 152 35 starting start VBG cord-344835-iivry1ou 152 36 from from IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 152 37 increased increase VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 152 38 airway airway NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 152 39 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 152 40 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 153 1 nation nation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 153 2 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 153 3 increased increase VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 153 4 ventilation ventilation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 153 5 / / SYM cord-344835-iivry1ou 153 6 perfusion perfusion NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 153 7 inequality inequality NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 153 8 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 153 9 decreased decrease VBD cord-344835-iivry1ou 153 10 mixed mixed JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 153 11 venous venous JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 153 12 oxygen oxygen NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 153 13 tension tension NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 153 14 significantly significantly RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 153 15 worsen worsen VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 153 16 gas gas NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 153 17 exchange exchange NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 153 18 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 153 19 patients patient NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 153 20 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 153 21 severe severe JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 153 22 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 153 23 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 153 24 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 154 1 Increased increase VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 154 2 airway airway NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 154 3 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 154 4 would would MD cord-344835-iivry1ou 154 5 be be VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 154 6 also also RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 154 7 expected expect VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 154 8 to to TO cord-344835-iivry1ou 154 9 increase increase VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 154 10 lung lung NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 154 11 tissue tissue NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 154 12 oxygen oxygen NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 154 13 demand demand NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 154 14 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 154 15 oxygen oxygen NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 154 16 consumption consumption NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 154 17 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 155 1 In in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 155 2 patients patient NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 155 3 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 155 4 acute acute JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 155 5 lung lung NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 155 6 injury injury NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 155 7 no no DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 155 8 relation relation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 155 9 has have VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 155 10 been be VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 155 11 found find VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 155 12 between between IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 155 13 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 155 14 oxygen oxygen NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 155 15 consumption consumption NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 155 16 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 155 17 lung lung NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 155 18 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 155 19 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 155 20 but but CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 155 21 there there EX cord-344835-iivry1ou 155 22 is be VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 155 23 no no DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 155 24 relevant relevant JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 155 25 data datum NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 155 26 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 155 27 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 155 28 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 155 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 155 30 92 92 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 155 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 155 32 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 156 1 Despite despite IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 156 2 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 156 3 increasing increase VBG cord-344835-iivry1ou 156 4 recognition recognition NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 156 5 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 156 6 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 156 7 importance importance NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 156 8 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 156 9 airway airway JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 156 10 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 156 11 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 156 12 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 156 13 development development NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 156 14 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 156 15 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 156 16 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 156 17 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 156 18 there there EX cord-344835-iivry1ou 156 19 is be VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 156 20 still still RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 156 21 confusion confusion NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 156 22 regarding regard VBG cord-344835-iivry1ou 156 23 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 156 24 role role NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 156 25 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 156 26 anti anti JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 156 27 - - JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 156 28 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 156 29 strategies strategy NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 156 30 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 156 31 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 156 32 prevention prevention NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 156 33 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 156 34 treatment treatment NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 156 35 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 156 36 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 156 37 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 156 38 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 156 39 93 93 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 156 40 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 156 41 94 94 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 156 42 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 156 43 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 157 1 There there EX cord-344835-iivry1ou 157 2 are be VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 157 3 studies study NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 157 4 showing show VBG cord-344835-iivry1ou 157 5 a a DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 157 6 beneficial beneficial JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 157 7 effect effect NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 157 8 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 157 9 inhaled inhale VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 157 10 steroids steroid NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 157 11 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 157 12 preventing prevent VBG cord-344835-iivry1ou 157 13 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 157 14 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 157 15 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 157 16 systemic systemic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 157 17 steroids steroid NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 157 18 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 157 19 treating treat VBG cord-344835-iivry1ou 157 20 acute acute JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 157 21 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 157 22 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 157 23 however however RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 157 24 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 157 25 overall overall JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 157 26 benefits benefit NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 157 27 for for IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 157 28 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 157 29 patients patient NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 157 30 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 157 31 these these DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 157 32 studies study NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 157 33 are be VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 157 34 generally generally RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 157 35 modest modest JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 157 36 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 157 37 95 95 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 157 38 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 157 39 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 157 40 96 96 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 157 41 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 157 42 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 157 43 97 97 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 157 44 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 157 45 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 158 1 Considering consider VBG cord-344835-iivry1ou 158 2 that that DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 158 3 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 158 4 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 158 5 stable stable JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 158 6 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 158 7 is be VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 158 8 steroid steroid NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 158 9 resistant resistant NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 158 10 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 158 11 this this DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 158 12 should should MD cord-344835-iivry1ou 158 13 not not RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 158 14 come come VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 158 15 as as IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 158 16 a a DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 158 17 great great JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 158 18 surprise surprise NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 158 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 158 20 98 98 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 158 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 158 22 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 159 1 Although although IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 159 2 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 159 3 majority majority NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 159 4 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 159 5 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 159 6 patients patient NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 159 7 respond respond VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 159 8 modestly modestly RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 159 9 to to IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 159 10 steroid steroid NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 159 11 therapy therapy NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 159 12 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 159 13 there there EX cord-344835-iivry1ou 159 14 might may MD cord-344835-iivry1ou 159 15 be be VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 159 16 subgroup subgroup RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 159 17 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 159 18 patients patient NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 159 19 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 159 20 those those DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 159 21 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 159 22 eosinophilic eosinophilic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 159 23 pattern pattern NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 159 24 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 159 25 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 159 26 during during IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 159 27 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 159 28 that that WDT cord-344835-iivry1ou 159 29 may may MD cord-344835-iivry1ou 159 30 benefit benefit VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 159 31 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 159 32 most most JJS cord-344835-iivry1ou 159 33 from from IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 159 34 steroid steroid NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 159 35 administration administration NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 159 36 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 160 1 There there EX cord-344835-iivry1ou 160 2 is be VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 160 3 already already RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 160 4 evidence evidence NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 160 5 that that IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 160 6 stable stable JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 160 7 patients patient NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 160 8 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 160 9 high high JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 160 10 sputum sputum NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 160 11 eosinophil eosinophil NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 160 12 counts count NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 160 13 are be VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 160 14 steroid steroid NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 160 15 responsive responsive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 160 16 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 160 17 but but CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 160 18 there there EX cord-344835-iivry1ou 160 19 is be VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 160 20 no no DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 160 21 relevant relevant JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 160 22 data datum NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 160 23 on on IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 160 24 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 160 25 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 160 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 160 27 99 99 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 160 28 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 160 29 100 100 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 160 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 160 31 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 161 1 Identifying identify VBG cord-344835-iivry1ou 161 2 patients patient NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 161 3 that that WDT cord-344835-iivry1ou 161 4 may may MD cord-344835-iivry1ou 161 5 benefit benefit VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 161 6 from from IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 161 7 systemic systemic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 161 8 steroid steroid JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 161 9 administration administration NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 161 10 during during IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 161 11 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 161 12 is be VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 161 13 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 161 14 great great JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 161 15 importance importance NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 161 16 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 161 17 due due IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 161 18 to to IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 161 19 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 161 20 serious serious JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 161 21 adverse adverse JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 161 22 events event NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 161 23 frequently frequently RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 161 24 observed observe VBD cord-344835-iivry1ou 161 25 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 161 26 this this DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 161 27 kind kind NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 161 28 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 161 29 treatment treatment NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 161 30 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 161 31 97 97 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 161 32 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 161 33 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 162 1 Other other JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 162 2 drugs drug NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 162 3 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 162 4 anti anti JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 162 5 - - JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 162 6 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 162 7 properties property NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 162 8 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 162 9 like like IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 162 10 methylxanthines methylxanthine NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 162 11 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 162 12 mucolytic mucolytic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 162 13 agents agent NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 162 14 seem seem VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 162 15 not not RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 162 16 to to TO cord-344835-iivry1ou 162 17 be be VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 162 18 effective effective JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 162 19 on on IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 162 20 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 162 21 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 162 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 162 23 8 8 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 162 24 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 162 25 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 163 1 B b NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 163 2 - - HYPH cord-344835-iivry1ou 163 3 agonists agonist NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 163 4 are be VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 163 5 mainly mainly RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 163 6 administered administer VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 163 7 as as IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 163 8 bronchodilators bronchodilator NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 163 9 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 163 10 although although IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 163 11 they -PRON- PRP cord-344835-iivry1ou 163 12 may may MD cord-344835-iivry1ou 163 13 also also RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 163 14 have have VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 163 15 an an DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 163 16 anti anti JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 163 17 - - JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 163 18 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 163 19 role role NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 163 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 163 21 101 101 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 163 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 163 23 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 164 1 Novel novel JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 164 2 drugs drug NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 164 3 aimed aim VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 164 4 at at IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 164 5 inhibiting inhibit VBG cord-344835-iivry1ou 164 6 targets target NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 164 7 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 164 8 including include VBG cord-344835-iivry1ou 164 9 NO no DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 164 10 synthase synthase NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 164 11 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 164 12 phosphodiesterase phosphodiesterase NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 164 13 4 4 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 164 14 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 164 15 proteases protease NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 164 16 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 164 17 various various JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 164 18 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 164 19 mediators mediator NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 164 20 have have VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 164 21 not not RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 164 22 been be VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 164 23 tested test VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 164 24 during during IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 164 25 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 164 26 yet yet RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 164 27 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 165 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-344835-iivry1ou 165 2 has have VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 165 3 been be VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 165 4 long long RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 165 5 postulated postulate VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 165 6 that that IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 165 7 airway airway JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 165 8 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 165 9 may may MD cord-344835-iivry1ou 165 10 be be VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 165 11 increased increase VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 165 12 during during IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 165 13 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 165 14 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 165 15 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 165 16 this this DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 165 17 may may MD cord-344835-iivry1ou 165 18 be be VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 165 19 involved involve VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 165 20 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 165 21 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 165 22 pathophysiology pathophysiology NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 165 23 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 165 24 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 165 25 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 166 1 There there EX cord-344835-iivry1ou 166 2 is be VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 166 3 now now RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 166 4 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 166 5 data datum NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 166 6 to to TO cord-344835-iivry1ou 166 7 support support VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 166 8 such such PDT cord-344835-iivry1ou 166 9 a a DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 166 10 hypothesis hypothesis NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 166 11 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 167 1 Firstly firstly RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 167 2 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 167 3 there there EX cord-344835-iivry1ou 167 4 are be VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 167 5 accumulating accumulate VBG cord-344835-iivry1ou 167 6 observations observation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 167 7 for for IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 167 8 increased increase VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 167 9 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 167 10 during during IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 167 11 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 167 12 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 167 13 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 168 1 Secondly secondly RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 168 2 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 168 3 specific specific JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 168 4 aetiological aetiological JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 168 5 factors factor NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 168 6 for for IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 168 7 this this DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 168 8 increase increase NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 168 9 have have VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 168 10 been be VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 168 11 identified identify VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 168 12 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 169 1 Thirdly thirdly RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 169 2 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 169 3 possible possible JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 169 4 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 169 5 that that WDT cord-344835-iivry1ou 169 6 may may MD cord-344835-iivry1ou 169 7 link link VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 169 8 airway airway NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 169 9 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 169 10 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 169 11 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 169 12 pathophysiology pathophysiology NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 169 13 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 169 14 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 169 15 have have VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 169 16 been be VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 169 17 unmasked unmask VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 169 18 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 170 1 Despite despite IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 170 2 significant significant JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 170 3 advances advance NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 170 4 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 170 5 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-344835-iivry1ou 170 6 understanding understanding NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 170 7 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 170 8 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 170 9 role role NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 170 10 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 170 11 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 170 12 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 170 13 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 170 14 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 170 15 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 170 16 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 170 17 existing exist VBG cord-344835-iivry1ou 170 18 anti anti JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 170 19 - - JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 170 20 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 170 21 treatments treatment NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 170 22 remain remain VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 170 23 modest modest JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 170 24 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 170 25 there there EX cord-344835-iivry1ou 170 26 is be VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 170 27 little little JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 170 28 overall overall JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 170 29 benefit benefit NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 170 30 for for IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 170 31 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 170 32 patient patient NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 170 33 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 171 1 Further further JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 171 2 research research NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 171 3 is be VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 171 4 needed need VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 171 5 to to TO cord-344835-iivry1ou 171 6 target target VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 171 7 therapies therapy NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 171 8 to to IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 171 9 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 171 10 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 171 11 patient patient JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 171 12 populations population NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 171 13 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 171 14 to to TO cord-344835-iivry1ou 171 15 develop develop VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 171 16 new new JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 171 17 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 171 18 strategies strategy NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 171 19 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 172 1 The the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 172 2 natural natural JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 172 3 history history NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 172 4 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 172 5 chronic chronic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 172 6 airflow airflow NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 172 7 obstruction obstruction NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 172 8 Effect effect NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 172 9 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 172 10 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 172 11 on on IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 172 12 quality quality NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 172 13 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 172 14 life life NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 172 15 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 172 16 patients patient NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 172 17 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 172 18 chronic chronic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 172 19 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 172 20 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 172 21 disease disease NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 172 22 : : : cord-344835-iivry1ou 172 23 a a DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 172 24 2 2 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 172 25 year year NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 172 26 follow follow VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 172 27 up up RP cord-344835-iivry1ou 172 28 study study NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 172 29 Wedzicha Wedzicha NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 172 30 JA JA NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 172 31 : : : cord-344835-iivry1ou 173 1 Effect effect NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 173 2 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 173 3 exacerbation exacerbation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 173 4 on on IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 173 5 quality quality NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 173 6 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 173 7 life life NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 173 8 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 173 9 patients patient NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 173 10 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 173 11 chronic chronic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 173 12 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 173 13 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 173 14 disease disease NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 173 15 Course course NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 173 16 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 173 17 prognosis prognosis NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 173 18 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 173 19 chronic chronic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 173 20 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 173 21 lung lung NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 173 22 disease disease NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 173 23 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 174 1 A a DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 174 2 prospective prospective JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 174 3 study study NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 174 4 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 174 5 200 200 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 174 6 patients patient NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 174 7 Relationship relationship NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 174 8 between between IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 174 9 exacerbation exacerbation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 174 10 frequency frequency NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 174 11 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 174 12 lung lung NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 174 13 function function NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 174 14 decline decline NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 174 15 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 174 16 chronic chronic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 174 17 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 174 18 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 174 19 disease disease NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 175 1 Lower low JJR cord-344835-iivry1ou 175 2 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 175 3 illnesses illness NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 175 4 promote promote VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 175 5 FEV(1 FEV(1 . cord-344835-iivry1ou 175 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 175 7 decline decline NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 175 8 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 175 9 current current JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 175 10 smokers smoker NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 175 11 but but CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 175 12 not not RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 175 13 ex ex NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 175 14 - - NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 175 15 smokers smoker NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 175 16 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 175 17 mild mild JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 175 18 chronic chronic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 175 19 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 175 20 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 175 21 disease disease NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 175 22 : : : cord-344835-iivry1ou 175 23 results result NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 175 24 from from IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 175 25 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 175 26 lung lung NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 175 27 health health NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 175 28 study study NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 175 29 Association Association NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 175 30 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 175 31 chronic chronic NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 175 32 mucus mucus NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 175 33 hypersecretion hypersecretion NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 175 34 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 175 35 FEV1 FEV1 NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 175 36 decline decline NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 175 37 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 175 38 chronic chronic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 175 39 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 175 40 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 175 41 disease disease NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 175 42 morbidity morbidity NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 175 43 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 176 1 Copenhagen Copenhagen NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 176 2 City City NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 176 3 Heart Heart NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 176 4 Study Study NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 176 5 Group Group NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 176 6 Standards Standards NNPS cord-344835-iivry1ou 176 7 for for IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 176 8 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 176 9 diagnosis diagnosis NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 176 10 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 176 11 treatment treatment NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 176 12 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 176 13 patients patient NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 176 14 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 176 15 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 176 16 : : : cord-344835-iivry1ou 176 17 a a DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 176 18 summary summary NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 176 19 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 176 20 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 176 21 ATS ATS NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 176 22 / / SYM cord-344835-iivry1ou 176 23 ERS ERS NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 176 24 position position NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 176 25 paper paper NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 176 26 Chronic Chronic NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 176 27 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 176 28 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 176 29 disease disease NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 176 30 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 177 1 6 6 LS cord-344835-iivry1ou 177 2 : : : cord-344835-iivry1ou 178 1 The the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 178 2 aetiology aetiology NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 178 3 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 178 4 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 178 5 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 178 6 chronic chronic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 178 7 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 178 8 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 178 9 disease disease NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 178 10 Exacerbations Exacerbations NNPS cord-344835-iivry1ou 178 11 : : : cord-344835-iivry1ou 178 12 etiology etiology NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 178 13 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 178 14 pathophysiologic pathophysiologic NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 178 15 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 179 1 The the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 179 2 role role NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 179 3 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 179 4 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 179 5 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 179 6 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 179 7 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 179 8 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 179 9 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 180 1 A a DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 180 2 constructive constructive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 180 3 view view NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 181 1 Exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 181 2 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 181 3 chronic chronic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 181 4 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 181 5 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 181 6 disease disease NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 181 7 : : : cord-344835-iivry1ou 181 8 when when WRB cord-344835-iivry1ou 181 9 are be VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 181 10 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 181 11 important important JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 181 12 ? ? . cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 1 Bacterial bacterial JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 2 infection infection NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 3 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 4 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 5 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 6 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 7 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 8 New new JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 9 strains strain NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 10 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 11 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 12 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 13 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 14 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 15 chronic chronic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 16 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 17 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 18 disease disease NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 19 Strain strain NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 20 - - HYPH cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 21 specific specific JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 22 immune immune JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 23 response response NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 24 to to IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 25 Haemophilus haemophilus JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 26 influenzae influenzae NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 27 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 28 chronic chronic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 29 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 30 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 31 disease disease NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 32 Haemophilus haemophilus NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 33 influenzae influenzae NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 34 from from IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 35 patients patient NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 36 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 37 chronic chronic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 38 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 39 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 40 disease disease NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 41 exacerbation exacerbation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 42 induce induce VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 43 more more JJR cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 44 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 45 than than IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 46 colonizers colonizer NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 47 Pathogen Pathogen NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 48 recognition recognition NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 49 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 50 Toll toll NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 51 - - HYPH cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 52 like like JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 53 receptors receptor NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 54 Airway airway VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 55 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 56 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 57 bronchial bronchial JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 58 microbial microbial JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 59 patterns pattern NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 60 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 61 patients patient NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 62 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 63 stable stable JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 64 chronic chronic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 65 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 66 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 67 disease disease NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 68 Airway Airway NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 69 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 70 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 71 nonobstructive nonobstructive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 72 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 73 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 74 chronic chronic NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 75 bronchitis bronchitis NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 76 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 77 chronic chronic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 78 haemophilus haemophilus NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 79 influenzae influenzae NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 80 airway airway NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 81 infection infection NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 182 82 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 183 1 Comparison comparison NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 183 2 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 183 3 noninfected noninfected JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 183 4 patients patient NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 183 5 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 183 6 chronic chronic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 183 7 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 183 8 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 183 9 disease disease NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 183 10 Association Association NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 183 11 between between IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 183 12 airway airway NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 183 13 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 183 14 load load NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 183 15 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 183 16 markers marker NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 183 17 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 183 18 airway airway JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 183 19 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 183 20 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 183 21 patients patient NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 183 22 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 183 23 stable stable JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 183 24 chronic chronic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 183 25 bronchitis bronchitis NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 183 26 Relationship relationship NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 183 27 between between IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 183 28 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 183 29 colonisation colonisation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 183 30 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 183 31 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 183 32 frequency frequency NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 183 33 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 183 34 character character NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 183 35 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 183 36 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 183 37 severity severity NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 183 38 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 183 39 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 183 40 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 183 41 Relationships relationship NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 183 42 among among IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 183 43 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 183 44 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 183 45 upper upper JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 183 46 airway airway NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 183 47 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 183 48 lower low JJR cord-344835-iivry1ou 183 49 airway airway NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 183 50 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 183 51 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 183 52 systemic systemic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 183 53 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 183 54 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 183 55 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 1 Airway airway JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 2 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 3 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 4 etiology etiology NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 5 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 6 acute acute JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 7 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 8 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 9 chronic chronic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 10 bronchitis bronchitis NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 11 Resolution resolution NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 12 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 13 bronchial bronchial JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 14 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 15 is be VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 16 related relate VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 17 to to IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 18 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 19 eradication eradication NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 20 following follow VBG cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 21 treatment treatment NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 22 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 23 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 24 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 25 chronic chronic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 26 bronchitis bronchitis NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 27 Upper Upper NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 28 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 29 Lower low JJR cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 30 Airway airway NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 31 Inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 32 at at IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 33 Exacerbation Exacerbation NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 34 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 35 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 36 Bronchial bronchial JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 37 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 38 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 39 acute acute JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 40 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 41 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 42 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 43 chronic chronic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 44 bronchitis bronchitis NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 45 : : : cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 46 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 47 role role NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 48 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 49 leukotriene leukotriene NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 50 B4 B4 NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 51 Changes change NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 52 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 53 bronchial bronchial JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 54 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 55 during during IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 56 acute acute JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 57 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 58 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 59 chronic chronic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 60 bronchitis bronchitis NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 61 Role role NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 62 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 63 infection infection NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 64 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 65 chronic chronic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 66 bronchitis bronchitis NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 67 Infections infection NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 68 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 69 viruses virus NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 70 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 71 Mycoplasma Mycoplasma NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 72 pneumoniae pneumoniae NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 73 during during IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 74 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 75 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 76 chronic chronic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 77 bronchitis bronchitis NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 78 Association Association NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 79 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 80 viral viral JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 81 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 82 Mycoplasma mycoplasma NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 83 pneumoniae pneumoniae NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 84 infections infection NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 85 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 86 acute acute JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 87 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 88 illness illness NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 89 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 90 patients patient NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 91 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 92 chronic chronic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 93 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 94 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 95 diseases disease NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 96 Wedzicha Wedzicha NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 97 JA JA NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 184 98 : : : cord-344835-iivry1ou 185 1 Respiratory respiratory JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 185 2 viruses virus NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 185 3 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 185 4 symptoms symptom NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 185 5 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 185 6 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 185 7 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 185 8 markers marker NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 185 9 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 185 10 acute acute JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 185 11 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 185 12 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 185 13 stable stable JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 185 14 chronic chronic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 185 15 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 185 16 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 185 17 disease disease NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 185 18 Respiratory respiratory JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 185 19 viruses virus NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 185 20 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 185 21 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 185 22 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 185 23 chronic chronic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 185 24 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 185 25 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 185 26 disease disease NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 185 27 requiring require VBG cord-344835-iivry1ou 185 28 hospitalisation hospitalisation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 185 29 : : : cord-344835-iivry1ou 185 30 a a DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 185 31 case case NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 185 32 - - HYPH cord-344835-iivry1ou 185 33 control control NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 185 34 study study NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 185 35 Host Host NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 185 36 defense defense NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 185 37 function function NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 185 38 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 185 39 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 185 40 airway airway NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 185 41 epithelium epithelium NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 185 42 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 185 43 health health NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 185 44 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 185 45 disease disease NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 185 46 : : : cord-344835-iivry1ou 185 47 clinical clinical JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 185 48 background background NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 185 49 Viruses virus NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 185 50 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 185 51 dendritic dendritic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 185 52 cells cell NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 185 53 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 185 54 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 185 55 lung lung NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 186 1 The the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 186 2 role role NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 186 3 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 186 4 viral viral JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 186 5 infections infection NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 186 6 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 186 7 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 186 8 natural natural JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 186 9 history history NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 186 10 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 186 11 asthma asthma NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 186 12 Emphysematous Emphysematous NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 186 13 lung lung NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 186 14 destruction destruction NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 186 15 by by IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 186 16 cigarette cigarette NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 186 17 smoke smoke NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 186 18 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 1 The the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 2 effects effect NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 3 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 4 latent latent JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 5 adenoviral adenoviral JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 6 infection infection NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 7 on on IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 8 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 9 lung lung NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 10 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 11 response response NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 12 Amplification amplification NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 13 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 14 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 15 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 16 emphysema emphysema NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 17 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 18 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 19 association association NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 20 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 21 latent latent JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 22 adenoviral adenoviral NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 23 infection infection NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 24 Detection Detection NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 25 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 26 rhinovirus rhinovirus NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 27 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 28 induced induce VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 29 sputum sputum NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 30 at at IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 31 exacerbation exacerbation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 32 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 33 chronic chronic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 34 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 35 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 36 disease disease NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 37 Infections Infections NNPS cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 38 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 39 Airway Airway NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 40 Inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 41 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 42 Chronic Chronic NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 43 Obstructive obstructive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 44 Pulmonary Pulmonary NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 45 Disease Disease NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 46 Severe Severe NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 47 Exacerbations Exacerbations NNPS cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 48 Airway Airway NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 49 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 50 during during IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 51 stable stable JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 52 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 53 acutely acutely RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 54 exacerbated exacerbated JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 55 chronic chronic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 56 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 57 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 58 disease disease NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 59 Soluble Soluble NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 60 interleukin-5 interleukin-5 NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 61 receptor receptor NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 62 alpha alpha NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 63 is be VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 64 increased increase VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 65 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 66 acute acute JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 67 exacerbation exacerbation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 68 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 69 chronic chronic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 70 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 71 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 72 disease disease NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 73 Eotaxin Eotaxin NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 74 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 75 CCR3 CCR3 NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 76 are be VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 77 up up RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 78 - - HYPH cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 79 regulated regulate VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 80 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 81 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 82 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 83 chronic chronic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 84 bronchitis bronchitis NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 85 Soluble Soluble NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 86 interleukin-5 interleukin-5 NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 87 receptor receptor NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 88 alpha alpha NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 89 is be VBZ cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 90 increased increase VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 91 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 92 acute acute JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 93 exacerbation exacerbation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 94 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 95 chronic chronic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 96 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 97 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 98 disease disease NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 99 Eotaxin Eotaxin NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 100 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 101 CCR3 CCR3 NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 102 are be VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 103 up up RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 104 - - HYPH cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 105 regulated regulate VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 106 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 107 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 108 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 109 chronic chronic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 110 bronchitis bronchitis NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 111 Airway airway NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 112 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 113 during during IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 114 stable stable JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 115 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 116 acutely acutely RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 117 exacerbated exacerbated JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 118 chronic chronic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 119 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 120 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 121 disease disease NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 122 Airway Airway NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 123 eosinophilia eosinophilia NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 124 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 125 chronic chronic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 126 bronchitis bronchitis NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 127 during during IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 128 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 129 Airway Airway NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 130 eosinophilia eosinophilia NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 131 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 132 expression expression NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 133 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 134 interleukin-5 interleukin-5 NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 135 protein protein NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 136 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 137 asthma asthma NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 138 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 139 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 140 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 141 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 142 chronic chronic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 143 bronchitis bronchitis NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 144 Airway airway NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 145 eosinophilia eosinophilia NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 146 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 147 chronic chronic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 148 bronchitis bronchitis NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 149 during during IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 150 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 151 Exacerbations Exacerbations NNPS cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 152 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 153 Bronchitis bronchitis NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 154 : : : cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 155 bronchial bronchial JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 156 eosinophilia eosinophilia NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 157 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 158 gene gene NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 159 expression expression NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 160 for for IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 161 interleukin-4 interleukin-4 NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 162 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 163 interleukin-5 interleukin-5 NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 164 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 165 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 166 eosinophil eosinophil NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 167 chemoattractants chemoattractant NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 168 New new JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 169 developments development NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 170 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 171 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 172 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 173 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 174 acute acute JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 175 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 176 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 177 chronic chronic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 178 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 179 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 180 disease disease NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 181 Chlamydia Chlamydia NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 182 pneumoniae pneumoniae NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 183 infection infection NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 184 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 185 acute acute JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 186 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 187 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 188 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 189 Chlamydia Chlamydia NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 190 pneumoniae pneumoniae NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 191 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 192 strain strain VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 193 TWAR TWAR NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 194 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 195 infection infection NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 196 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 197 patients patient NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 198 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 199 chronic chronic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 200 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 201 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 202 disease disease NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 203 Sputum Sputum NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 204 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 205 plasma plasma NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 206 endothelin-1 endothelin-1 NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 207 levels level NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 208 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 209 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 210 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 211 chronic chronic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 212 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 213 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 214 disease disease NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 215 Chlamydia Chlamydia NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 216 pneumoniae pneumoniae NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 217 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 218 chronic chronic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 219 bronchitis bronchitis NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 220 : : : cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 221 association association NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 222 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 223 severity severity NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 224 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 225 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 226 clearance clearance NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 227 following follow VBG cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 228 treatment treatment NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 229 Chlamydia Chlamydia NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 230 pneumoniae pneumoniae NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 231 infection infection NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 232 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 233 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 234 role role NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 235 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 236 asthma asthma NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 237 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 238 chronic chronic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 239 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 240 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 241 disease disease NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 242 Air Air NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 243 pollution pollution NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 244 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 245 emergency emergency NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 246 room room NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 247 admissions admission NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 248 for for IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 249 chronic chronic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 250 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 251 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 252 disease disease NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 187 253 : : : cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 1 a a DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 2 5-year 5-year CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 3 study study NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 4 Diesel diesel NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 5 exhaust exhaust NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 6 particles particle NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 7 stimulate stimulate VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 8 human human JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 9 airway airway NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 10 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 11 cells cell NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 12 to to TO cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 13 produce produce VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 14 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 15 relevant relevant JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 16 to to IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 17 airway airway JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 18 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 19 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 20 vitro vitro FW cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 21 Bronchoalveolar Bronchoalveolar NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 22 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 23 after after IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 24 exposure exposure NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 25 to to IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 26 diesel diesel NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 27 exhaust exhaust NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 28 : : : cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 29 comparison comparison NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 30 between between IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 31 unfiltered unfiltered JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 32 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 33 particle particle NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 34 trap trap NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 35 filtered filter VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 36 exhaust exhaust NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 37 Particulate particulate NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 38 air air NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 39 pollution pollution NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 40 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 41 acute acute JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 42 health health NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 43 effects effect NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 44 Reactive reactive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 45 oxygen oxygen NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 46 species specie NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 47 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 48 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 49 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 50 by by IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 51 ambient ambient JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 52 particulates particulate NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 53 Exacerbations Exacerbations NNPS cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 54 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 55 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 56 : : : cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 57 environmental environmental JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 58 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 59 Systemic systemic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 60 oxidative oxidative JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 61 stress stress NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 62 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 63 asthma asthma NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 64 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 65 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 66 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 67 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 188 68 smokers smoker NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 189 1 Oxidative oxidative JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 189 2 stress stress NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 189 3 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 189 4 airway airway NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 189 5 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 189 6 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 189 7 severe severe JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 189 8 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 189 9 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 189 10 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 189 11 Increased increase VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 189 12 leukotriene leukotriene NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 189 13 B4 B4 NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 189 14 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 190 1 8-isoprostane 8-isoprostane CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 190 2 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 190 3 exhaled exhale VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 190 4 breath breath NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 190 5 condensate condensate NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 190 6 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 190 7 patients patient NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 190 8 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 190 9 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 190 10 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 190 11 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 190 12 Siafakas Siafakas NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 190 13 NM NM NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 190 14 : : : cord-344835-iivry1ou 190 15 Nitrosative nitrosative JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 190 16 stress stress NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 190 17 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 190 18 heme heme NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 190 19 oxygenase-1 oxygenase-1 NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 190 20 expression expression NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 190 21 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 190 22 airway airway NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 190 23 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 190 24 during during IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 190 25 severe severe JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 190 26 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 190 27 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 190 28 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 190 29 Role role NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 190 30 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 190 31 transcription transcription NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 190 32 factors factor NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 190 33 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 190 34 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 190 35 lung lung NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 190 36 diseases disease NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 190 37 NF NF NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 190 38 - - HYPH cord-344835-iivry1ou 190 39 kB kb CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 190 40 activation activation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 190 41 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 190 42 airway airway NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 190 43 leucocytes leucocyte NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 190 44 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 190 45 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 190 46 patients patient NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 190 47 Nuclear nuclear JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 190 48 localisation localisation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 190 49 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 190 50 p65 p65 NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 190 51 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 190 52 sputum sputum NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 190 53 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 190 54 but but CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 190 55 not not RB cord-344835-iivry1ou 190 56 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 190 57 sputum sputum JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 190 58 neutrophils neutrophil NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 190 59 during during IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 190 60 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 190 61 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 190 62 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 1 Thorax Thorax NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 2 Oxidant Oxidant NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 3 stress stress NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 4 regulation regulation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 5 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 6 IL-8 IL-8 NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 7 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 8 ICAM-1 icam-1 NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 9 gene gene NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 10 expression expression NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 11 : : : cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 12 differential differential JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 13 activation activation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 14 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 15 binding binding NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 16 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 17 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 18 transcription transcription NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 19 factors factor NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 20 AP-1 AP-1 NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 21 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 22 NF NF NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 23 - - HYPH cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 24 kappaB kappaB NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 26 Review Review NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 28 Pathophysiology pathophysiology NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 29 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 30 airflow airflow NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 31 limitation limitation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 32 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 33 chronic chronic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 34 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 35 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 36 disease disease NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 37 Inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 38 cell cell NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 39 profiles profile NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 40 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 41 T t NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 42 - - HYPH cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 43 lymphocyte lymphocyte NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 44 subsets subset NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 45 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 46 chronic chronic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 47 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 48 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 49 disease disease NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 50 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 51 severe severe JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 52 persistent persistent JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 53 asthma asthma NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 54 Increased increase VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 55 expression expression NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 56 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 57 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 58 chemokine chemokine NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 59 receptor receptor NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 60 CXCR3 cxcr3 NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 61 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 62 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 63 ligand ligand NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 64 CXCL10 CXCL10 NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 65 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 66 peripheral peripheral JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 67 airways airway NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 68 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 69 smokers smoker NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 70 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 71 chronic chronic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 72 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 73 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 74 disease disease NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 75 Inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 76 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 77 bronchial bronchial JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 78 biopsies biopsy NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 79 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 80 subjects subject NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 81 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 82 chronic chronic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 83 bronchitis bronchitis NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 84 : : : cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 85 inverse inverse JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 86 relationship relationship NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 87 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 88 CD8 CD8 NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 89 + + CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 90 T T NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 91 lymphocytes lymphocyte NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 92 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 93 FEV1 FEV1 NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 94 An an DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 95 immune immune JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 96 basis basis NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 97 for for IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 98 lung lung NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 99 parenchymal parenchymal NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 100 destruction destruction NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 101 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 102 chronic chronic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 103 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 104 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 105 disease disease NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 106 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 107 emphysema emphysema NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 108 Perforin Perforin NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 109 expression expression NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 110 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 111 cytotoxic cytotoxic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 112 activity activity NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 113 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 114 sputum sputum NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 115 CD8 CD8 NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 116 + + CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 117 lymphocytes lymphocyte NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 118 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 119 patients patient NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 120 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 121 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 122 Changes change NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 123 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 124 sputum sputum NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 125 T t NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 126 - - HYPH cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 127 lymphocyte lymphocyte NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 128 subpopulations subpopulation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 129 at at IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 130 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 131 onset onset NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 132 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 133 severe severe JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 134 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 135 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 136 chronic chronic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 137 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 138 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 139 disease disease NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 140 Virus virus NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 141 - - HYPH cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 142 specific specific JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 143 CD8(+ CD8(+ NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 144 ) ) -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 145 T t NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 146 cells cell NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 147 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 148 type type NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 149 1 1 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 150 or or CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 151 type type NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 152 2 2 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 153 cytokine cytokine NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 154 profile profile NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 155 are be VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 156 related relate VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 157 to to IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 158 different different JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 159 disease disease NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 160 activity activity NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 161 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 162 chronic chronic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 163 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 164 C c NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 165 virus virus NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 166 infection infection NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 167 CD8(+ cd8(+ CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 191 168 ) ) -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 192 1 T t NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 192 2 cells cell NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 192 3 secreting secrete VBG cord-344835-iivry1ou 192 4 type type NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 192 5 2 2 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 192 6 lymphokines lymphokine NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 192 7 are be VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 192 8 defective defective JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 192 9 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 192 10 protection protection NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 192 11 against against IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 192 12 viral viral JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 192 13 infection infection NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 192 14 Immune immune JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 192 15 regulation regulation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 192 16 : : : cord-344835-iivry1ou 192 17 a a DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 192 18 new new JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 192 19 role role NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 192 20 for for IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 192 21 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 192 22 CD8 CD8 NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 192 23 + + CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 192 24 T T NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 192 25 cell cell NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 192 26 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 193 1 Immunol Immunol NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 194 1 Today today NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 1 The the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 2 functional functional JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 3 role role NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 4 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 5 CD8 CD8 NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 6 + + CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 7 T T NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 8 helper helper NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 9 type type NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 10 2 2 CD cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 11 cells cell NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 12 Relation relation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 13 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 14 sputum sputum JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 15 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 16 markers marker NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 17 to to IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 18 symptoms symptom NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 19 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 20 lung lung NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 21 function function NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 22 changes change NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 23 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 24 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 25 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 26 Airway airway NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 27 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 28 systemic systemic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 29 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 30 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 31 decline decline NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 32 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 33 lung lung NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 34 function function NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 35 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 36 patients patient NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 37 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 38 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 39 Relationship Relationship NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 40 between between IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 41 airway airway JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 42 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 43 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 44 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 45 frequency frequency NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 46 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 47 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 48 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 49 patients patient NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 50 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 51 smoking smoking NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 52 related relate VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 53 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 54 Bronchiectasis Bronchiectasis NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 55 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 56 exacerbation exacerbation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 57 indices index NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 58 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 59 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 60 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 61 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 62 chronic chronic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 63 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 64 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 65 disease disease NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 66 Respiratory respiratory JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 67 failure failure NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 68 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 69 chronic chronic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 70 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 71 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 72 disease disease NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 73 Mediators Mediators NNPS cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 74 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 75 chronic chronic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 76 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 77 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 78 disease disease NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 79 Inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 80 -- -- : cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 81 role role NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 82 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 83 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 84 neutrophil neutrophil NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 85 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 86 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 87 eosinophil eosinophil JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 88 Mucin mucin NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 89 - - HYPH cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 90 producing produce VBG cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 91 elements element NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 92 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 93 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 94 cells cell NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 95 Effects effect NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 96 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 97 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 98 cells cell NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 99 on on IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 100 neuronal neuronal JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 101 M2 m2 JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 102 muscarinic muscarinic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 103 receptor receptor NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 104 function function NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 105 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 106 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 107 lung lung NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 108 Experimental experimental JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 109 models model NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 110 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 111 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 112 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 113 enhanced enhanced JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 114 coughing cough VBG cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 115 Physiological physiological JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 116 changes change NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 117 during during IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 118 symptom symptom NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 119 recovery recovery NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 120 from from IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 121 moderate moderate JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 122 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 123 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 124 COPD COPD NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 125 Lung Lung NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 126 Mechanics Mechanics NNPS cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 127 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 128 Dyspnea Dyspnea NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 129 during during IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 130 Exacerbations Exacerbations NNPS cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 131 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 132 Chronic Chronic NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 133 Obstructive obstructive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 134 Pulmonary Pulmonary NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 135 Disease Disease NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 136 Mechanisms Mechanisms NNPS cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 137 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 138 assessment assessment NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 139 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 140 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 141 management management NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 142 : : : cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 143 a a DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 144 consensus consensus NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 145 statement statement NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 146 Mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 147 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 148 worsening worsen VBG cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 149 gas gas NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 150 exchange exchange NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 151 during during IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 152 acute acute JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 153 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 154 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 155 chronic chronic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 156 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 157 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 158 disease disease NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 159 Relationship relationship NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 160 between between IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 161 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 162 oxygen oxygen NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 163 consumption consumption NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 164 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 165 lung lung NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 166 inflammation inflammation NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 167 , , , cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 168 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 169 calculated calculate VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 170 venous venous JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 171 admixture admixture NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 172 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 173 patients patient NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 174 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 175 acute acute JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 176 lung lung NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 195 177 injury injury NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 196 1 The the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 196 2 role role NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 196 3 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 196 4 corticosteroids corticosteroid NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 196 5 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 196 6 chronic chronic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 196 7 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 196 8 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 196 9 disease disease NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 196 10 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 197 1 Semin Semin NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 197 2 Respir Respir NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 198 1 Crit Crit NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 198 2 Care Care NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 198 3 Med Med NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 198 4 Oral oral JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 198 5 corticosteroids corticosteroid NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 198 6 for for IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 198 7 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 198 8 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 198 9 chronic chronic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 198 10 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 198 11 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 198 12 disease disease NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 199 1 Oral oral JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 199 2 corticosteroids corticosteroid NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 199 3 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 199 4 patients patient NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 199 5 admitted admit VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 199 6 to to IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 199 7 hospital hospital NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 199 8 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 199 9 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 199 10 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 199 11 chronic chronic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 199 12 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 199 13 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 199 14 disease disease NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 199 15 : : : cord-344835-iivry1ou 199 16 a a DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 199 17 prospective prospective JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 199 18 randomised randomise VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 199 19 controlled control VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 199 20 trial trial NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 199 21 Effect effect NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 199 22 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 199 23 systemic systemic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 199 24 glucocorticoids glucocorticoid NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 199 25 on on IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 199 26 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 199 27 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 199 28 chronic chronic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 199 29 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 199 30 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 199 31 disease disease NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 199 32 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 200 1 Department Department NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 200 2 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 200 3 Veterans Veterans NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 200 4 Affairs Affairs NNPS cord-344835-iivry1ou 200 5 Cooperative Cooperative NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 200 6 Study Study NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 200 7 Group Group NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 200 8 Systemic systemic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 200 9 corticosteroids corticosteroid NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 200 10 for for IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 200 11 acute acute JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 200 12 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 200 13 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 200 14 chronic chronic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 200 15 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 200 16 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 200 17 disease disease NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 200 18 Corticosteroid Corticosteroid NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 200 19 resistance resistance NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 200 20 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 200 21 airway airway NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 200 22 disease disease NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 200 23 Sputum Sputum NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 200 24 eosinophilia eosinophilia NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 200 25 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 200 26 short short JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 200 27 - - HYPH cord-344835-iivry1ou 200 28 term term NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 200 29 response response NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 200 30 to to IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 200 31 prednisolone prednisolone NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 200 32 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 200 33 chronic chronic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 200 34 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 200 35 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 200 36 disease disease NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 200 37 : : : cord-344835-iivry1ou 200 38 a a DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 200 39 randomised randomised JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 200 40 controlled control VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 200 41 trial trial NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 200 42 Bradding Bradding NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 200 43 P P NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 200 44 : : : cord-344835-iivry1ou 201 1 Sputum Sputum NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 201 2 eosinophilia eosinophilia NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 201 3 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 201 4 the the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 201 5 short short JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 201 6 term term NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 201 7 response response NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 201 8 to to IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 201 9 inhaled inhale VBN cord-344835-iivry1ou 201 10 mometasone mometasone NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 201 11 in in IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 201 12 chronic chronic JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 201 13 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 201 14 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 201 15 disease disease NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 201 16 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 202 1 Thorax Thorax NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 202 2 Effect effect NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 202 3 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 202 4 beta beta NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 202 5 - - HYPH cord-344835-iivry1ou 202 6 agonists agonist NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 202 7 on on IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 202 8 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 202 9 cells cell NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 203 1 The the DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 203 2 author(s author(s NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 203 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-344835-iivry1ou 203 4 declare declare VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 203 5 that that IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 203 6 they -PRON- PRP cord-344835-iivry1ou 203 7 have have VBP cord-344835-iivry1ou 203 8 no no DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 203 9 competing compete VBG cord-344835-iivry1ou 203 10 interests interest NNS cord-344835-iivry1ou 203 11 . . . cord-344835-iivry1ou 204 1 Publish publish VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 204 2 with with IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 204 3 Bio Bio NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 204 4 Med Med NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 204 5 Central Central NNP cord-344835-iivry1ou 204 6 and and CC cord-344835-iivry1ou 204 7 every every DT cord-344835-iivry1ou 204 8 scientist scientist NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 204 9 can can MD cord-344835-iivry1ou 204 10 read read VB cord-344835-iivry1ou 204 11 your -PRON- PRP$ cord-344835-iivry1ou 204 12 work work NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 204 13 free free JJ cord-344835-iivry1ou 204 14 of of IN cord-344835-iivry1ou 204 15 charge charge NN cord-344835-iivry1ou 204 16 _SP