Summary of your 'study carrel' ============================== This is a summary of your Distant Reader 'study carrel'. The Distant Reader harvested & cached your content into a collection/corpus. It then applied sets of natural language processing and text mining against the collection. The results of this process was reduced to a database file -- a 'study carrel'. The study carrel can then be queried, thus bringing light specific characteristics for your collection. These characteristics can help you summarize the collection as well as enumerate things you might want to investigate more closely. This report is a terse narrative report, and when processing is complete you will be linked to a more complete narrative report. Eric Lease Morgan Number of items in the collection; 'How big is my corpus?' ---------------------------------------------------------- 46 Average length of all items measured in words; "More or less, how big is each item?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7032 Average readability score of all items (0 = difficult; 100 = easy) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 48 Top 50 statistically significant keywords; "What is my collection about?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 45 diabetes 11 patient 10 covid-19 10 COVID-19 7 type 6 SARS 4 T2DM 3 t1d 3 study 3 insulin 3 increase 3 India 2 prevalence 2 level 2 NAFLD 2 Health 2 ACE2 1 self 1 risk 1 result 1 pwt1d 1 people 1 outcome 1 online 1 metabolic 1 liver 1 intervention 1 infection 1 high 1 group 1 glucose 1 expression 1 effect 1 die 1 diabetic 1 der 1 cov 1 country 1 cost 1 community 1 clinical 1 cell 1 care 1 WPR 1 University 1 Typ-1-Diabetes 1 Texas 1 Studie 1 South 1 Review Top 50 lemmatized nouns; "What is discussed?" --------------------------------------------- 2927 diabetes 2653 patient 2323 % 1570 study 1196 p 1173 risk 1157 type 1126 level 1090 glucose 1028 insulin 1024 diabete 956 disease 875 group 763 control 660 result 624 factor 621 blood 587 infection 586 health 562 cell 553 people 546 obesity 537 year 530 prevalence 530 effect 489 care 486 age 468 treatment 458 datum 453 subject 453 mellitus 447 method 427 syndrome 423 outcome 415 analysis 413 activity 393 management 380 weight 377 population 366 woman 349 resistance 337 individual 334 time 329 participant 329 case 326 expression 322 conclusion 313 pandemic 311 liver 311 hypertension Top 50 proper nouns; "What are the names of persons or places?" -------------------------------------------------------------- 859 AE 661 COVID-19 323 BMI 301 SARS 299 T2DM 225 CoV-2 210 Diabetes 206 mg 206 MS 199 Health 189 China 175 India 171 IR 162 al 158 NAFLD 149 HOMA 140 HbA1c 140 C 128 et 121 University 112 ACE2 109 HDL 108 . 101 der 97 MetS 96 Disease 96 CRP 84 dl 84 Wuhan 84 NASH 82 Study 81 IL-6 80 HCQ 80 DM 79 A1c 78 Coronavirus 77 CI 76 ICU 76 Association 74 mmol 71 National 70 Clinical 69 T 67 CAD 66 Hospital 64 II 64 IGT 64 America 63 HFD 63 Brazil Top 50 personal pronouns nouns; "To whom are things referred?" ------------------------------------------------------------- 654 we 519 it 217 they 105 them 95 i 29 us 26 you 21 themselves 11 itself 6 one 6 me 6 em 4 she 4 he 2 t2dm 1 rs2075291 1 ilc1s Top 50 lemmatized verbs; "What do things do?" --------------------------------------------- 9322 be 1984 have 925 increase 644 use 615 associate 575 show 520 include 490 compare 412 reduce 343 report 293 find 293 do 286 improve 285 relate 279 base 275 fast 269 induce 257 measure 255 decrease 245 develop 243 follow 224 evaluate 205 suggest 195 determine 193 lead 193 assess 190 control 180 provide 179 observe 175 investigate 173 consider 168 identify 162 aim 160 treat 156 need 153 cause 146 know 146 accord 145 perform 145 affect 141 prevent 140 involve 135 impair 135 diagnose 128 demonstrate 127 take 127 remain 127 estimate 126 die 119 receive Top 50 lemmatized adjectives and adverbs; "How are things described?" --------------------------------------------------------------------- 1171 high 830 - 795 not 615 diabetic 586 metabolic 556 also 529 more 498 low 446 clinical 435 significant 418 significantly 385 other 372 well 370 cardiovascular 339 such 332 non 303 covid-19 295 obese 271 however 262 chronic 246 severe 234 most 231 only 229 as 226 physical 225 inflammatory 216 total 213 respectively 187 different 182 medical 181 first 173 pre 173 normal 169 old 167 further 166 healthy 165 acute 163 important 162 early 154 mean 151 primary 149 long 147 respiratory 146 immune 146 great 139 social 139 several 139 fatty 135 present 134 poor Top 50 lemmatized superlative adjectives; "How are things described to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 80 most 56 high 35 Most 27 least 23 good 21 low 18 bad 9 large 8 strong 8 late 8 great 3 early 3 common 2 young 2 close 2 big 1 À0.80 1 southernmost 1 severe 1 safe 1 rich 1 old 1 hsIL-6 1 healthy 1 fast 1 cord-284245-y8q0cjbk 1 -Outdoor Top 50 lemmatized superlative adverbs; "How do things do to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 154 most 47 least 4 well 2 worst 1 highest 1 hard 1 fast Top 50 Internet domains; "What Webbed places are alluded to in this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 doi.org 2 creativecommons.org 1 www.worldometers.info 1 www.who.int 1 www.diabetes.org.uk 1 diabetes.jmir.org 1 coronaminds.ku.dk Top 50 URLs; "What is hyperlinked from this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------- 1 http://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/ 1 http://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus#tab= 1 http://www.diabetes.org.uk/professionals/resources/shared-practice/inpatient-and-hospital-care#patients 1 http://doi.org/10.1016/ 1 http://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-020-00656-4 1 http://diabetes.jmir.org/ 1 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/4.0/ 1 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 1 http://coronaminds.ku.dk/ Top 50 email addresses; "Who are you gonna call?" ------------------------------------------------- 1 antonio.ceriello@hotmail.it Top 50 positive assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-noun?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9 diabetes are more 9 diabetes were more 9 levels were significantly 5 diabetes are independent 5 diabetes are not 5 patients are more 4 % had diabetes 4 % had diabetic 4 % were overweight 4 diabetes is often 4 patients do not 4 patients had diabetes 3 % had at 3 % had normal 3 % reported moderate 3 covid-19 is not 3 diabetes has not 3 diabetes is more 3 diabetes is not 3 diabetes was also 3 diabetes was present 3 disease are more 3 groups were not 3 levels did not 3 levels were also 3 levels were inversely 3 obesity is usually 3 obesity was present 3 patients had higher 3 patients were not 3 studies did not 3 study are available 2 % were female 2 % were male 2 % were obese 2 % were worried 2 care is not 2 control had lower 2 control is not 2 covid-19 was also 2 covid-19 were significantly 2 diabetes do not 2 diabetes does not 2 diabetes had significantly 2 diabetes has also 2 diabetes have covid‐19‐specific 2 diabetes increases susceptibility 2 diabetes is present 2 diabetes is still 2 diabetes is strongly Top 50 negative assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-no|not-noun?" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 % has no social 1 care is not available 1 care is not currently 1 control is not often 1 control is not sufficient 1 covid-19 is not clearly 1 covid-19 is not still 1 diabetes are not always 1 diabetes are not more 1 diabetes are not only 1 diabetes do not easily 1 diabetes is not always 1 diabetes is not yet 1 disease is not transmissible 1 effect was not different 1 glucose was not grossly 1 groups were not significant 1 groups were not significantly 1 infection was not very 1 levels were not significantly 1 patients are not completely 1 patients was not notably 1 patients was not very 1 patients were not significant 1 result was not significant 1 studies are not yet 1 studies was not possible 1 study was not able 1 type was not statistically A rudimentary bibliography -------------------------- id = cord-214006-0w6bqrox author = Aghdam, Atae Rezaei title = Towards Empowering Diabetic Patients: A perspective on self-management in the context of a group-based education program date = 2020-10-26 keywords = community; diabetes; online; patient summary = OHCs as affordable and easily accessible 24/7 services, can facilitate self-management of diabetics by offering health-related advice and stories, social and emotional support (Aghdam et al. OHCs provide opportunities for members to exchange new ideas, knowledge and information about diabetes selfmanagement, functioning as a bridge among people with type-2 diabetes and healthcare professionals and providing online discussion platforms to brainstorm potential solutions (Sim et al. Information sharing by peers, experience and advice sharing, life-style related advice sharing, and sharing daily-basis activities are the most common activities identified by researchers in this study through thematically analysing the content of threads in the Reddit diabetes online communities. Furthermore, participating in diabetes group-based education program provides opportunities for patients to meet and discuss with other members of the communities, obtaining social and emotional support (Steinsbekk et al. This study provides an opportunity for leveraging peer-to-peer support within digital health platforms such as OHCs to empower patients in their self-management of diabetes. doi = nan id = cord-347207-1u4i6qmc author = Almomani, Huda Y. title = Randomised controlled trial of pharmacist-led patient counselling in controlling hypoglycaemic attacks in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (rose-adam): A study protocol date = 2020-07-29 keywords = diabetes; intervention; study; type summary = title: Randomised controlled trial of pharmacist-led patient counselling in controlling hypoglycaemic attacks in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (rose-adam): A study protocol Several studies have established the important positive role of educational interventions on achieving glycaemic control and other clinical outcomes, however, there is still a lack in studies that evaluate the impact of such type of interventions on hypoglycaemia risk in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of pharmacist-led patient counselling on reducing hypoglycaemic attacks in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Participants who are elderly (age ≥ 65 years), diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and taking insulin, sulfonylurea, or any three anti-diabetic medications will be randomly assigned to intervention (SUGAR Handshake) and control (usual care) groups. doi = 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.07.012 id = cord-274548-yeucn13x author = Altobelli, Emma title = Lifestyle Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and National Diabetes Care Systems in European Countries date = 2020-09-13 keywords = Malta; country; diabetes summary = Full-text articles excluded, with reasons n = 48 type 1 diabetes registries n=14 paper without Studies included in qualitative synthesis (n = 18) (n = 9 EU-28 countries n = 9 outside EU-28 countries) The data covered the type of health system, presence or absence of a national diabetes plan (NDP), presence of a population-based register, care setting, methods for reimbursement of drugs, devices and coverage of any comorbidities associated with diabetes, and the prevalence of and mortality from diabetes, gathered from the institutional sites of individual European countries to investigate the presence of national data and policies for diabetes control. A multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) was carried out in order to to evaluate the possible association between the variables taken into consideration, including EUROSTAT data for the countries of the European Union, data relating to mortality per 100,000 inhabitants and the mortality trend [32] , the prevalence of diabetes [32] , the organization of the health system [35, 36, 38] , the presence of a national diabetes plan, the year of approval [35, 36] , the general practitioners and diabetic centers involved, and the cost percentage of diabetes of the total health expenditure [38] . doi = 10.3390/nu12092806 id = cord-299637-6qarauys author = Assaloni, Roberta title = Coronavirus disease (Covid-19): how does the exercise practice in active people with Type 1 Diabetes change? A preliminary survey date = 2020-07-03 keywords = diabetes; pwt1d summary = title: Coronavirus disease (Covid-19): how does the exercise practice in active people with Type 1 Diabetes change? This measure could lead people with type 1 diabetes (PWT1D) to disrupt daily care routine including PA practice with difficulties in glycemia management. In particular, people with type 1 (PWT1D) and poor glucose control, in particular high glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) or/and insulin resistance, showed higher risk to counteract infections due to the impaired body immune response, this also holds true with Covid-19 [6, 7] . The aim of this study is to explore the PA level in Italian people with type 1 diabetes before and after the national quarantine introduced to contrast Covid-19 disease and describe variation in glycemia values. In our study, PWT1D reported a significant decrease both perceived and measured PA level and an increase of glycemia values during the national quarantine. Physical activity level and exercise in patients with diabetes mellitus. doi = 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108297 id = cord-276256-gmlsoo2z author = Avilés-Santa, M. Larissa title = Current State of Diabetes Mellitus Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control in Latin America: Challenges and Innovative Solutions to Improve Health Outcomes Across the Continent date = 2020-10-10 keywords = America; Health; Latin; Mexico; care; diabetes; prevalence summary = All these factorscoupled with biological susceptibility, income, education, access health care, cultural influences on nutrition, health, selfimage, and self-care-influence the development of diabetes in LatAm. We conducted a review of the most current publications on the state of prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of diabetes mellitus across LatAm. By laying out a detailed accounting of what is known, we aim to identify population, clinical, and health care needs, and opportunities for future research studies and potential interventions. The number of epidemiological studies published since 2005 indicates greater public health awareness about diabetes mellitus across LatAm. Multiple countries have performed at least one national survey on chronic non-communicable diseases in which self-reported diabetes mellitus and/or elevated glycemia has been included (Table 1) . doi = 10.1007/s11892-020-01341-9 id = cord-304240-rqlfnywm author = Bloomgarden, Zachary title = Does glycemic control affect outcome of COVID‐19? date = 2020-10-03 keywords = diabetes summary = In a whole-population study of a UK data set of >60 million persons, approximately 5% had diabetes, but of 23 698 in-hospital COVID-19-related deaths in this population, 33.2% were of people with diabetes, with mortality rates among persons those with type 1 and type 2 diabetes approximately 5-fold and 10-fold greater than that in the nondiabetic population; with adjustment for age and other risk factors, type 1 and type 2 diabetes were associated with near tripling and doubling of mortality rates, respectively. It is then logical to ask whether the adverse outcome of COVID-19 among persons with diabetes is related to the degree of hyperglycemia and, if so, whether this represents a causal relationship or rather shows that the severity of illness in a given individual with diabetes leads to both higher blood glucose concentration and greater likelihood of mortality. 3 Specific hospitalized patient data sets, however, do not show that prior glycemic control, as reflected in HbA1c, are associated with different likelihood of adverse outcome among persons with diabetes. doi = 10.1111/1753-0407.13116 id = cord-334582-ccg27nmf author = Bonora, Benedetta Maria title = Glycaemic Control Among People with Type 1 Diabetes During Lockdown for the SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak in Italy date = 2020-05-11 keywords = SARS; diabetes; t1d summary = CONCLUSION: Despite the limited possibility to exercise and the incumbent psychologic stress, glycaemic control improved in patients with T1D who stopped working during the lockdown, suggesting that slowing down routine daily activities can have beneficial effects on T1D management, at least in the short term. Using data collected by remote monitoring of glucose sensors, we investigated whether glycaemic control in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) during lockdown improved or worsened. None of the patients who continued to work showed improvement in any of the measures of glucose control during the lockdown period (period 2) compared to the 3 months or the week before the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak: average glucose, standard deviation, CV%, time in hypoglycaemia, time in range and time in hyperglycaemia remained unchanged (Table 2) , as did the number of scans per day. doi = 10.1007/s13300-020-00829-7 id = cord-313829-pjscmen8 author = Caballero, A.E. title = COVID-19 in people living with diabetes: An international consensus date = 2020-07-06 keywords = COVID-19; PLWD; SARS; diabetes summary = The current clinical management of diabetes is a work in progress, requiring a shift in patient-provider interaction beyond the walls of clinics and hospitals: the use of tele-medicine when feasible, innovative patient education programs, strategies to ensure medication and glucose testing availability and affordability, as well as numerous ideas on how to improve meal plans and physical activity. It is difficult to predict but some indicators are available from the model of Harpreet In summary, while overall mortality due to COVID-19 is lower in India than in other countries, the elderly population, where most patients with diabetes, hypertension and CVD are concentrated, remains at high risk. Although it is clear that this option of care is not available to most people around the world, exploring how to improve the communication between providers and patients and families at home, in their own communities facing day to day challenges, may prove to be a more effective approach to managing the disease well beyond the COVID pandemic. doi = 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2020.107671 id = cord-335894-6m0nnufu author = Ceriello, Antonio title = Issues for the management of people with diabetes and COVID-19 in ICU date = 2020-07-20 keywords = COVID-19; ICU; diabetes summary = Moreover, there are also several other conditions (described in the course of the article), commonly present in diabetes, which can expose people with diabetes Open Access Cardiovascular Diabetology *Correspondence: antonio.ceriello@hotmail.it 1 IRCCS MultiMedica, Via Gaudenzio Fantoli, 16/15, 20138 Milan, Italy Full list of author information is available at the end of the article and COVID-19 at high risk for complications. Furthermore, a large proportion of people with diabetes has asymptomatic coronary artery disease [45, 46] which can increase the risk of acute coronary syndrome, heart failure and arrhythmia during the COVID-19 due to proinflammatory process, hypercoagulability and sympathetic stimulation. In the case of COVID-19 people with diabetes are more exposed to cardiovascular complications, which may be more challenging to manage [74, 75] . Improved outcome of patients with diabetes mellitus with good glycemic control in the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit: a retrospective study doi = 10.1186/s12933-020-01089-2 id = cord-310159-l9hfmmbc author = Chowdhury, Subhankar title = COVID-19 and type 1 diabetes: dealing with the difficult duo date = 2020-07-14 keywords = COVID-19; DKA; diabetes; t1d summary = Since there are a significant number of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) with unique concerns and challenges during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, we reviewed existing literature, relevant websites, and related guidelines to form this narrative review to help address key questions in this area. While T2D and its associated comorbidities have established themselves as risk factors for increased hospitalisation, requirement of intensive care, and mortality with COVID-19, early anecdotal reports from global infection hotspots suggested that children with diabetes had a similar disease pattern compared with children without diabetes (less severe manifestations than adults) [23, 24] . On the contrary, a large population cohort study assessing the risk of in-hospital death for individuals registered with a General Practice in England showed that people with T1D had 3•50 (3•15-3•89) odds of dying in hospital with COVID-19 compared with those without diabetes which was attenuated to 2•86 when also adjusted for previous hospital admissions with coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, or heart failure [14] . doi = 10.1007/s13410-020-00846-z id = cord-305405-me4gebvm author = Conway, J. title = Characteristics of patients with diabetes hospitalised for COVID-19 infection-a brief case series report date = 2020-09-21 keywords = covid-19; diabetes; patient summary = Other features of patients with diabetes and COVID-19 infection included long duration of diabetes, less tight glycaemic control and common use of ACE inhibitors, ARBs and NSAIDs. In December 2019, a pneumonia like illness was first reported in Wuhan-China caused by a new coronavirus named corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19) which then spread to cause a global pandemic. A meta-analysis of 8 Chinese studies to assess the prevalence of comorbidities in 46,248 infected patients with COVID-19, median age 46.0 years (51.6%) men, diabetes mellitus was the second most prevalent comorbidity (8%) after hypertension (17%) and higher than cardiovascular (5%) and respiratory diseases (2%). 4 In addition to the Chinese studies, subsequent international studies have demonstrated that diabetes was a frequent comorbidity and a risk factor for adverse outcomes of COVID-19 infection such as higher rates of ICU admissions and refractoriness to anti-viral and anti-inflammatory therapies. doi = 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108460 id = cord-266702-6oxtlzqo author = Cristelo, Cecília title = SARS-CoV-2 and Diabetes: New Challenges for the Disease date = 2020-05-22 keywords = ACE2; Angiotensin; SARS; diabetes summary = Emerging evidence demonstrates that the correct management of diabetes in those patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 is of utmost importance for the viral disease progression, therefore, the importance of blood glucose control will also be addressed. In vitro and in vivo studies showed that angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the cellular receptor for SARS-CoV virus [7, 8] . It has been confirmed in some clinical studies that the long-term use of ACEIs or ARBs by patients is not associated with an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, neither of developing severe COVID-19 or even with a higher risk of in-hospital death [40] [41] [42] . In the case of SARS-CoV-2 the same transient damage in the pancreas has already been documented [44] , and given its higher infectivity and affinity for the ACE2 receptor, there is increased concern relative to the complications caused by hyperglycemia, as well as the long-term effects of the infection on recovered patients. doi = 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108228 id = cord-336201-fl606l3b author = Daryabor, Gholamreza title = The Effects of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Organ Metabolism and the Immune System date = 2020-07-22 keywords = ROS; T2DM; cell; diabetes; diabetic; increase; level; patient; type summary = Obesity-related immune cell infiltration, inflammation, and increased oxidative stress promote metabolic impairments in the insulin-sensitive tissues and finally, insulin resistance, organ failure, and premature aging occur. T2DM, the most common form of diabetes (∼90%), is characterized by a systemic inflammatory disease accompanied by insulin resistance (IR) or decreased metabolic response to insulin in several tissues, including the adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle, as well as by reduced insulin synthesis by pancreatic beta cells (4, 5) . During the progression of diabetes, hyperglycemia promotes mitochondrial dysfunction and induces the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause oxidative stress in several tissues such as blood vessels and pancreatic beta cells (7) (8) (9) . In addition, the attachment of AGEs to their receptors [e.g., CD36, galectin-3, scavenger receptors types I (SR-A1), and II (SR-A2)] on the surfaces of immune cells in the circulation and tissues activates the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increases free radical generation (18) . doi = 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01582 id = cord-309795-2kozsv4z author = Dewidar, Bedair title = Metabolic liver disease in diabetes – from mechanisms to clinical trials date = 2020-06-20 keywords = Disease; NAFLD; NASH; T2DM; diabetes; liver; type summary = NAFLD, which affects about 25% of the population [3] , comprises a broad range of abnormalities ranging from simple fatty liver (steatosis) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), characterized by inflammation, necrosis, and hepatocellular ballooning, and progression to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) [2] . In general, both hyperglycemia and toxic lipids such as ceramides, DAG, FFA, and cholesterol can induce deleterious effects on liver cells (glucolipotoxicity), which might initiate NAFLD progression from simple steatosis to NASH and fibrosis via various mechanisms, including cell death, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitochondrial disorders [46] . BL, baseline; CCR2/5, C-C chemokine receptors type 2 and type 5; FXR, farnesoid X receptor; HbA 1c , glycated haemoglobin; LXR, Liver X receptor; MPC, mitochondrial pyruvate carrier; NA, data not available; NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; NFS, NAFLD fibrosis score; PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; SCD, stearoyl-CoA desaturase; SGLT, sodium-glucose cotransporter; THR, thyroid hormone receptor; T2DM, type 2 diabetes. Potential Nexus of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Insulin Resistance Between Hepatic and Peripheral Tissues doi = 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154299 id = cord-314500-89ovdnxl author = Dunachie, Susanna title = The double burden of diabetes and global infection in low and middle-income countries date = 2018-12-04 keywords = diabetes; increase; infection; risk summary = Diabetes increases susceptibility to infection and worsens outcomes for some of the world''s major infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, melioidosis and dengue, but the relationship between diabetes and many neglected tropical diseases is yet to be accurately characterised. A greater understanding of the impact of diabetes on risks and outcomes for infections causing significant diseases in LMIC is essential in order to develop vaccines and therapies for the growing number of people with diabetes at risk of infection, and to prioritise research agendas, public health interventions and policy. In a metaanalysis of five case-control studies of acute dengue, diabetes was associated with an increased risk of a severe clinical presentation of dengue compared with either asymptomatic infection or non-severe acute dengue, 43 although given the limited data, the authors emphasised this was only suggestive of a link. doi = 10.1093/trstmh/try124 id = cord-013477-dzm4xi21 author = Filardi, Tiziana title = Curcumin: Could This Compound Be Useful in Pregnancy and Pregnancy-Related Complications? date = 2020-10-17 keywords = Curcumin; Review; diabetes; effect; expression; increase summary = The reported anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitoxicant, neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, antiapoptotic, antiangiogenic, anti-hypertensive, and antidiabetic properties of curcumin appear to be encouraging, not only for the management of pregnancy-related disorders, including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), preeclampsia (PE), depression, preterm birth, and fetal growth disorders but also to contrast damage induced by natural and chemical toxic agents. Results showed that 100 mg/kg curcumin significantly reduced blood glucose and insulin levels, increased hepatic glycogen content, and improved oxidative stress by reducing thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and increasing glutathione (GSH) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities in the liver of diabetic pregnant mice at gestational day 20. The authors evaluated the possible mechanisms responsible for these effects and found that curcumin-induced apoptosis was associated with the modulation of pro-and anti-apoptotic molecules (i.e., increased Bax and reduced Bcl-2 expression), ROS generation, and caspase-3 activation [66] . doi = 10.3390/nu12103179 id = cord-310650-8lhkiw9p author = Gamble, Anissa title = The Challenges of COVID-19 for People Living With Diabetes: Considerations for Digital Health date = 2020-05-15 keywords = covid-19; diabetes summary = The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a global pandemic that significantly impacts people living with diabetes. Diabetes-related factors of glycemic control, medication pharmacodynamics, and insulin access can impact the severity of a COVID-19 infection. For those living with diabetes, digital health presents the opportunity to access care with greater convenience while not having to expose themselves to infection in an in-person clinic. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a global pandemic and significantly impacts individuals living with diabetes. If the use of virtual visits continues after the pandemic eases-as they are expected to [38] -it opens up a great opportunity to provide more timely access to not only physician care but services that are often scarce for those living with diabetes [39] . Figure 1 presents a summary of the challenges of COVID-19 for people living with diabetes and the opportunities of diabetes digital health to support them in this time of need. doi = 10.2196/19581 id = cord-255687-jud875xc author = García-Villasante, Eilhart title = Diabetes care during COVID 19: Experience in telemedicine from a developing country date = 2020-08-04 keywords = diabetes summary = title: Diabetes care during COVID 19: Experience in telemedicine from a developing country Please cite this article as: García-Villasante E, Baca-Carrasco Ví, Gutierrez-Ortiz C, Pinedo-Torres I, Diabetes care during COVID 19: Experience in telemedicine from a developing country, Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews (2020), doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.dsx.2020.07.046. We have read with interest an article published in this journal (1) . The authors detail with accuracy the main telemedicine problems and most of them are being seen in our country. Our main concern is about diabetic patients because they are at major risk to get infected and develop severe forms of disease (3). Also, in the publication is not been considered the importance of the health institution creating systems for the safe delivery of medications avoiding COVID-19 infection. Risk factors for mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. doi = 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.07.046 id = cord-260119-pgu2crhs author = Golledge, Jonathan title = The Potential Role of Sensors, Wearables and Telehealth in the Remote Management of Diabetes-Related Foot Disease date = 2020-08-13 keywords = DFD; Diabetic; Foot; diabetes; patient summary = doi = 10.3390/s20164527 id = cord-263908-4ti8l2ea author = Gupta, Ritesh title = Diabetes and COVID-19: evidence, current status and unanswered research questions date = 2020-05-13 keywords = ACE2; COVID-19; diabetes; patient summary = Similarly, despite the recognition of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as the receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2), and the role of ACE2 in lung injury; there are conflicting results with the use of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) in these patients. There is a need to further study the natural course of COVID-19 in patients with diabetes and to understand the individual, regional and ethnic variations in disease prevalence and course. It is not known whether patients with diabetes with well-controlled blood glucose levels have an increased risk of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2). While one study in China did not find any association of ACE inhibitor use with severity of disease, there was an increased mortality in patients with COVID-19 receiving ACE inhibitors and ARBs in another study [29, 30] . doi = 10.1038/s41430-020-0652-1 id = cord-309799-fhkbcp7z author = Hwang, Yerin title = Diabetes and COVID-19: IDF perspective in the Western Pacific Region date = 2020-06-25 keywords = COVID-19; WPR; diabetes summary = -Setting up separate inpatient COVID-19 screening "hot" wards that were separate from "cold" wards -Setting up special "fever" clinics, initially attached to a hospital but separate from other services, particularly emergency departments -Novel screening pathways with initially more than less restrictive criteria for screening: an on-line self-registration and self-screening tool, drive-through screening and rapid throughput screening, to allow hospital workers with mild symptoms to be screened and get back to work in 24 hours -Securing adequate personal protective equipment (PPE), including from pre-existing national medical resources stockpiles and providing training on specialized techniques for urgent/safe gowning up -Suspension of non-urgent surgery and procedures in both public and private hospitals with graded reintroduction -Arrangements between State governments and private hospitals for the latter to take COVID and non-COVID patients, if and when required -Upskilling and education of appropriate staff in best practice in procedures such as intubation to minimize risk to health professionals -Call-up of, and short-term registration of, recently retired healthcare professionals and senior medical students -Limitation or suspension of face-face non-urgent medical ambulatory or outpatient services (including outpatient adult and pediatric endocrinology/diabetes services), with a provision of telehealth services that would prevent emergency department presentations/admissions. doi = 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108278 id = cord-312875-gn6hg6oc author = Infante, Marco title = Antihyperglycemic properties of hydroxychloroquine in patients with diabetes: risks and benefits at the time of COVID‐19 pandemic date = 2020-05-13 keywords = HCQ; Hydroxychloroquine; diabetes; insulin summary = (3) Although the exact mechanisms of action underlying the glucose-lowering properties of HCQ are still not entirely clear and may differ between patients with and without diabetes, pre-clinical and clinical data suggest that HCQ could exert multifaceted effects on glucose homeostasis, namely: improvement of insulin sensitivity, increase of insulin secretion, reduction of hepatic insulin clearance and intracellular insulin and insulin-receptor complex degradation, increase of adiponectin levels, reduction of systemic inflammation, and/or reduction of inflammation-induced insulin resistance in adipocytes and skeletal muscle cells. (13) More recently, a 24-week prospective randomized trial (14) and two real-world, prospective observational studies of short duration (up to 24-48 weeks) (5, 15) conducted in India have shown that the use of HCQ (400 mg/day) as an add-on treatment in patients with T2D uncontrolled on a combination of two or more oral hypoglycemic agents (including metformin, sulfonylureas, pioglitazone, DPP-4 inhibitors, SGLT2 inhibitors, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors) was welltolerated and led to a significant improvement of glucose control (assessed by HbA1c, fasting-and postprandial blood glucose) from baseline (without occurrence of severe hypoglycemia). doi = 10.1111/1753-0407.13053 id = cord-294966-3jolt83r author = Joensen, L. E. title = Diabetes and COVID‐19: psychosocial consequences of the COVID‐19 pandemic in people with diabetes in Denmark—what characterizes people with high levels of COVID‐19‐related worries? date = 2020-05-29 keywords = covid-19; diabetes; people summary = The COVID-19 outbreak and associated mass media coverage about the course of the pandemic worldwide and the frightening mortality levels in some countries are expected to increase the prevalence and change the character of psychological problems, including anxiety, depression and stress among citizens in affected countries [4] [5] [6] . Alongside with items on COVID-19-specific worries, the questionnaire included items on sociodemographic and health status, social relations, diabetes-specific social support, diabetes distress as well as changes in diabetes-specific behaviours. • This study showed a high prevalence of diabetesspecific worries related to COVID-19, especially fear of being overly affected by the virus, labelling of people with diabetes as a high-risk group, and inability to manage diabetes if infected. This study of 1396 people with diabetes showed that worries related to the COVID-19 pandemic were highly prevalent. doi = 10.1111/dme.14319 id = cord-339637-hb6bsb6q author = Khader, Mohammed Abdul title = A cross sectional study reveals severe disruption in glycemic control in people with diabetes during and after lockdown in India date = 2020-08-18 keywords = India; covid-19; diabetes summary = A highly significant correlation (r = 0.89, p = 0.0145) was found between increasing age and reporting of higher BGLs. Conclusion: This study provides a firsthand evidence of major disruption in diabetes care activities during and after the lockdown phase in India and increased risk of poorer clinical outcomes, if infected by SARS-CoV-2. Inclusion criteria -People who are diagnosed with diabetes -Any gender -Age more than 18 years Exclusion criteria -Not able to provide informed consent for the study The questionnaire consisted of mainly 3 domains: A) socio-demographic details, e.g., subject''s age, gender, state, city, town, educational qualification, financial income; B) medical and social history, e.g., type of diabetes, comorbidities, smoking, and drinking habits; C) impact of COVID-19 outbreak on their medical and social life, e.g., frequency of clinic visits, changes in glycemic levels, digital glucometer at home, access to health care services, changes in the eating habits and physical activity, changes in drinking and smoking habits, online consultations, the reason for cancellation or postponement. doi = 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.08.011 id = cord-260713-wxfc1aaz author = Kyle Jacques, Rose title = The COVID19 Pandemic – Perspectives from People Living with Diabetes date = 2020-07-22 keywords = diabetes summary = During the unprecedented times of the COVID 19 pandemic, the lives of people with diabetes have been severely impacted. Since the COVID19 outbreak, certain psychosocial factors have been amplified due to the manner in which mainstream media and policy makers have carelessly emphasized the vulnerability of people with diabetes. The authors discuss the increased importance of support networks due to people living in isolation and quarantine. Add a global pandemic to the already monumental expectations placed on us to live healthily and maintain glucose levels in range, and it''s not surprising that many people with diabetes are finding these trying times especially difficult. Impact of the Pandemic COVID-19 has exacerbated many factors involved in diabetes care and increased stress. The COVID19 Pandemic -Perspectives from People Living with Diabetes 2 -Food -Scarcity of healthy foods, as well as having to change diets, makes consistent diabetes management challenging. doi = 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108343 id = cord-334773-yw2qgv13 author = Lisco, Giuseppe title = Hypothesized mechanisms explaining poor prognosis in type 2 diabetes patients with COVID-19: a review date = 2020-08-10 keywords = COVID-19; CoV-2; SARS; clinical; diabetes; patient summary = This concern has been further confirmed by the results of a cohort study among 85 fatal cases of COVID-19 in Wuhan, hence defining DM as a potentially harmful comorbidity predisposing to worse clinical course or death once SARS-CoV-2 infection occurred [49] . Different hypothesis should be considered for explaining this clinical phenomenon, including glucose control at baseline and during the infection course, pathophysiology and immune system response in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients with T2D, diabetes-related comorbidities and concomitant medications. In conclusion, diabetic patients especially elderly individuals and those with worse baseline glucose control may exhibit immune system dysregulation that predispose them to a less effective response against SARS-CoV-2 and to a dysfunctional inflammation that requires to be carefully monitored in confirmed cases of COVID-19, for preventing or avoiding a harmful progression of the disease. Immune response and systemic inflammation play a crucial role in SARS-CoV-2 infection, particularly in case of severe clinical course of the disease. doi = 10.1007/s12020-020-02444-9 id = cord-352544-7b6btzrx author = Liu, Zhelong title = The association of diabetes and the prognosis of COVID-19 patients: a retrospective study date = 2020-08-25 keywords = covid-19; diabetes; patient summary = Abstract Aims This study evaluated the impact of previous glycemic control and in-hospital use of antidiabetic/antihypertensive drugs on the prognosis of COVID-19 patients with diabetes. Despite a few studies reported that COVID-19 patients with poorly controlled fasting blood glucose in hospital were associated with higher mortality [16] , there is still a lack of information on the impact of previous glycemic control on the prognosis of COVID-19 patients with diabetes. Model 1 explored the risk factors associated with worsening by a univariate analysis, which included HbA1c, maximum of the BG in-hospital, age, sex, smoking, comorbidities other than diabetes, white cell count, the percentage of neutrophils, lymphopenia, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, γ -glutamyl transferase, creatinine, C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide precursor (NT-proBNP), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), prothrombin time, total cholesterol, triglyceride, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α. Our study found that among COVID-19 patients, those with poor HbA1c control had a higher risk of disease worsening, with an optimal cut-off value of 8.6% (70 mmol/mol), demonstrating the importance of previous glycemic control. doi = 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108386 id = cord-264295-7ojvhwb0 author = Maddaloni, Ernesto title = Cardiometabolic multimorbidity is associated with a worse Covid-19 prognosis than individual cardiometabolic risk factors: a multicentre retrospective study (CoViDiab II) date = 2020-10-01 keywords = COPD; covid-19; diabetes; patient summary = Data collected included: demographic information (age and sex); presence of diabetes (defined as at least one random blood glucose value > 200 mg/dl, or fasting blood glucose > 126 mg/dl, or HbA 1c > 6.5%, or self-reported history of diabetes with ongoing anti-diabetes therapy), type of diabetes (type 1, type 2, other); smoking habits (never, ex, current); prior history of hypertension, dyslipidemia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), heart failure, cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery-bass graft or stroke), malignancy (any neoplasia diagnosed within the last five years or active neoplasia); presenting symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection (fever, cough, cold, conjunctivitis, chest pain, dyspnea, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea). Logistic regression models adjusted for age and sex were used to investigate associations of the primary and secondary outcomes with diabetes, and with other risk factors explored in the study, namely hypertension, dyslipidemia, COPD, heart failure, previous cardiovascular events, malignancy and smoking status (never vs. doi = 10.1186/s12933-020-01140-2 id = cord-030631-cc79j9j4 author = Marcus, Benjamin A. title = Typ-1-Diabetes: Früherkennung und Ansätze zur Prävention: Update 2020 date = 2020-08-19 keywords = Typ-1-Diabetes; diabetes; die; type summary = Autoantikörpern markiert das Frühstadium des Typ-1-Diabetes Der Nachweis von 2 oder mehr dieser Autoantikörper beim asymptomatischen Kind ohne gestörten Glukosestoffwechsel ist inzwischen als eines der Frühstadien des Typ-1-Diabetes (Stadium 1) anerkannt. Um zu prüfen, ob Teplizumab die klinische Manifestation verhindern kann, wurden in einer TrialNet-Studie Angehörige von Personen mit Typ-1-Diabetes behandelt, die selbst bereits ein Frühstadium mit multiplen Inselautoantikörpern und eine Dysglykämie oder gestörte Glukosetoleranz (Stadium 2) entwickelt hatten. Somit konnte erstmals die Manifestation der Erkrankung wirksam hinausgezögert werden, was einen Durchbruch für die präventive Therapie des Typ-1-Diabetes darstellt. Bei 19 (43%) der 44 mit Teplizumab behandelten Teilnehmenden und 23 (72 %) von 32 in der Plazebogruppe wurde ein klinischer Typ-1-Diabetes diagnostiziert. Für eine individualisierte Sekundärprävention interessant wird die Tatsache, dass anhand von Biomarkern -HLA-Merkmalen (HLA: humanes Leukozytenantigen) und dem Fehlen von ZnT8A -abgeschätzt werden kann, bei welchen Patienten ein Ansprechen auf die Anti-CD3-Behandlung bessere Erfolgschancen hat [28] . doi = 10.1007/s11428-020-00668-x id = cord-350182-s10nong7 author = Milionis, Charalampos title = A brief analysis and hypotheses about the risk of COVID-19 for people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus date = 2020-07-20 keywords = COVID-19; SARS; diabetes summary = Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory infection which is caused by a novel virus belonging to the Coronaviridae family [1] and is officially named SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). The existence of diabetes is strongly associated with an increased risk of developing severe COVID-19 in case of infection with SARS-CoV-2 [24, 25] . The present article supports that heightened inflammatory processes constitute the main pathophysiologic factor for the severity of COVID-19 among patients with diabetes mellitus, whilst impairments in immune response and diabetic comorbidities contribute to the aggravated pathogenesis. Yet it remains unclear whether the innate immune response is vitally impaired in both types of diabetes mellitus and whether hyperglycaemia favours the initial virulence of SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, patients with diabetes mellitus may present dysfunctional type IV (delayed) hypersensitivity reaction and abnormal complement activation [35] which may hinder the immune response. Are patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus at increased risk for COVID-19 infection? doi = 10.1007/s40200-020-00592-3 id = cord-026990-d3l1sbeb author = Oberoi, Sumit title = Economic menace of diabetes in India: a systematic review date = 2020-06-17 keywords = India; cost; diabetes; study summary = Thus, the present study aims at capturing the evidence from the literature on the cost of diabetes mellitus in India, reviewing the materials and methods used to estimate the costs and, lastly, exploring future research area. Majority of research publications were excluded on the grounds if they (a) did not provide the detailed analysis of how costs were estimated; (b) were conference articles or posters; (c) only presented the costs of diabetes prevention; and (d) were published in non-peer-reviewed journals. (cost for patients with foot complication was ₹19,020/-, also average cost for renal patients Under the north zone, 8 studies were included to calculate both direct and indirect costs of diabetes at the individual/household level (Fig. 1) . Therefore, the findings of the present study suggest that per annum median direct and indirect cost of diabetes at the individual/household level is very colossal in India. doi = 10.1007/s13410-020-00838-z id = cord-353867-617f90wq author = Ory, Marcia G. title = Implementing a Diabetes Education Program to Reduce Health Disparities in South Texas: Application of the RE-AIM Framework for Planning and Evaluation date = 2020-08-30 keywords = Diabetes; South; Texas; type summary = This community-based initiative reached a large and diverse population, and statistically significant reductions in A1c levels (p < 0.01) were observed among participants with Type 2 diabetes at 3 months. The U.S.-Mexico border is impacted by extremely high disparities in income, education, and healthcare access, and these social determinants of health make this region among the nation''s Figure 1 illustrated the 27 counties formally included in the Healthy South Texas initiative [30] , and the counties in which the Diabetes Education Program was offered were marked with a red dot. Among participants with pre-diabetes or Type 1 diabetes, no statistically significant differences were observed based on baseline A1c level attending a follow-up session at any given time point (Table 2 ). From private and public sources, over USD 15,000,000 was identified in direct support and in-kind dollars for the Healthy South Texas initiative (including delivery of the Diabetes Education Program, as well as other disease prevention and health promotion activities) by governmental and nongovernmental entities. doi = 10.3390/ijerph17176312 id = cord-269856-6h3j89wn author = Paolo Fadini, Gian title = Newly-diagnosed diabetes and admission hyperglycemia predict COVID-19 severity by aggravating respiratory deterioration date = 2020-08-15 keywords = covid-19; diabetes; outcome summary = Abstract Aims We investigated whether pre-existing diabetes, newly-diagnosed diabetes, and admission hyperglycemia were associated with COVID-19 severity independently from confounders. Higher glucose level at admission was associated with COVID-19 severity, with a stronger association among patients without as compared to those with pre-existing diabetes (interaction p<0.001). In the present study, we investigated the role of pre-existing diabetes, newly-diagnosed diabetes, and admission glucose levels on the outcome of patients hospitalized for COVID-19. In unadjusted analysis, presence of diabetes (including pre-existing and newly-diagnosed) compared to its absence was associated with a higher incidence of the primary outcome (37.4% vs 20.3%; RR 1.85; 95% C.I. 1.33-2.57; p<0.001; Figure 1A ). In this study, we found that newly-detected diabetes and admission hyperglycemia were more strongly associated with COVID-19 severity outcome than pre-existing diabetes. The association between hyperglycemia and COVID-19 severity was significantly stronger for patients with newly-diagnosed diabetes than for those with pre-existing diabetes. doi = 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108374 id = cord-350373-dftdxzsm author = Rayman, G. title = Dexamethasone therapy in COVID‐19 patients: implications and guidance for the management of blood glucose in people with and without diabetes date = 2020-08-02 keywords = diabetes; insulin summary = title: Dexamethasone therapy in COVID‐19 patients: implications and guidance for the management of blood glucose in people with and without diabetes The guidance recommends giving correction doses of rapid-acting analogue insulin when capillary blood glucose > 12.0 mmol/l, with the dose calculated according to the patient''s weight or in those already treated with insulin, on their total daily insulin dose. Unlike the previous guidance, we do not recommend using the insulin correction ratios that some people with type 1 diabetes usually use as these may not be appropriate given the significant disturbance of glucose metabolism. Insulin resistance will fall when dexamethasone is stopped and so capillary blood glucose and insulin dose adjustment need careful monitoring to avoid hypoglycaemia. Where the total daily dose (TDD) of insulin is known follow the guidance in the Increase the long acting basal or NPH insulin by 20% but this may need rapid escalation by as much as 40% depending on response. doi = 10.1111/dme.14378 id = cord-028967-l5ioyhur author = Scherbaum, Werner A. title = Diabetes Update 2020: das Wichtigste für die ärztliche Praxis date = 2020-07-10 keywords = Innen; Studie; der; diabetes summary = Die 2019 publizierten 2-Jahres-Ergebnisse der Studie ergaben nun, dass eine Remission des Diabetes immer noch bei mehr als 1/3 der Teilnehmer/Innen der Interventionsgruppe, aber nur bei 3 % der Kontrollgruppe vorlag. Das zeigte auch eine kürzlich publizierte dänische Studie, bei der Personen mit Typ-2-Diabetes über 6 Wochen hinweg entweder mit einer kohlenhydratarmen Diät mit 30 % Kohlenhydraten und einer entsprechenden Erhöhung des Fettgehalts auf 40 % oder einer isokalorischen Kost mit 50 % Kohlenhydraten und 33 % Fett ernährt worden waren und danach über 6 Wochen hinweg die andere Kost zuführten. Im Gegensatz zu den klassischen Ernährungsempfehlungen für Patienten/Innen mit Typ-2-Diabetes von 6 Mahlzeiten pro Tag ergab eine neue Studie, dass Menschen mit T2D von einer Beschränkung auf 3 Mahlzeiten pro Tag profitieren. Die Alltagstauglichkeit eines modernen Closed-Loop-Systems wurde in einer multizentrischen Studie aus den USA belegt, in der 168 Patienten/Innen mit T1D (Alter: 14-71 Jahre, HbA1c: 5,4-10,6 %) randomisiert entweder mit einem Closed-Loop-System oder mit einer sensorunterstützten Pumpentherapie über 6 Monate hinweg behandelt wurden. doi = 10.1007/s11428-020-00642-7 id = cord-309474-9h9w46eq author = Schiaffini, Riccardo title = School and pre-school children with type 1 diabetes during covid-19 quarantine: the synergic effect of parental care and technology date = 2020-07-03 keywords = cov; diabetes; t1d summary = We compared insulin and CGM data (TIR, TBR and TAR) of two periods: PRE-COV and IN-COV, in which children have transitioned from normal school attendance to the exclusive care of their parents. This is a real-life, retrospective, observational study aimed at evaluating how constant parental care compared to spending time outside home affected glycemic control in pre-school and school children with T1D utilizing Tandem Basal IQ system before and during the quarantine period due to pandemic COVID-19 infection. Our observational real-life study confirms the positive effect of parental care in T1D very young children and that, though new technologies can potentially improve diabetes outcomes also in this sub-population, maintenance of a good glucose control remains largely dependent on family competence and education 10. doi = 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108302 id = cord-316943-ef3i96bo author = Sciberras, Justine title = The burden of type 2 diabetes pre-and during the COVID-19 pandemic – a review date = 2020-10-19 keywords = Health; T2DM; covid-19; diabetes; type summary = Whilst people with diabetes are more susceptible to COVID-19, enforcing lockdown regulations set by the Public Health department to reduce risk of infection brought about its own challenges to T2DM management. The pathophysiology and the underlying risk factors have long been established, yet the incidence of diabetes is still on a progressive incline [7] The 2019 coronavirus SARS-COV2 pandemic has further increased the burden on the diabetes population, those at risk of dyglcyaemic changes as well as the healthcare services [8] . Additionally, reports from the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention stated that patients with diabetes and metabolic syndrome might be 10 times more likely to die due to COVID-19 [20] . Factors leading to high morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 in patients with type 2 diabetes Are patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus at increased risk for COVID-19 infection? doi = 10.1007/s40200-020-00656-4 id = cord-027036-lvcxrmih author = Shaw, Ken title = The impact of diabetes on COVID‐19 infection date = 2020-06-09 keywords = covid-19; diabetes summary = For example, studies are described reporting defects of cell-mediated immunity and diminished lymphocyte transformation response in people with poorly-controlled diabetes, while impaired leucocyte function, the first line of defence against secondary bacterial infection, can be demonstrated from observation of reduced phagocytic activity with increasing levels of blood glucose. These early reports of COVID-19 infection included observations of 52 critically ill adult patients with coronavirus pneumonia admitted to the ICU at the Wuhan Jin Yin-tan hospital, where diabetes was found in twice the number of individuals who died compared to those who survived (22% vs 10%). 5 This outcome has since been replicated on a wider scale from 552 hospitals across China 6 where, in a total of 1099 patients with established COVID-19 infection, diabetes was present in 7.4% of cases overall, but recorded in a significantly greater proportion of those with severe compared to non-severe disease (16.2% vs 5.7%). doi = 10.1002/pdi.2272 id = cord-254494-wbfgrez1 author = Shi, Chunhong title = Barriers to Self-Management of Type 2 Diabetes During COVID-19 Medical Isolation: A Qualitative Study date = 2020-10-14 keywords = COVID-19; diabetes; patient; self summary = doi = 10.2147/dmso.s268481 id = cord-333487-zem2d4y6 author = Thomaz Ugliara Barone, Mark title = The Impact of COVID-19 on People with Diabetes in Brazil date = 2020-07-03 keywords = Brazil; COVID-19; SARS; diabetes summary = Methods In a convenience sampling study, data were collected from 1701 individuals, aged 18 or above; 75.54% female participants; 60.73% T1D and 30.75% T2D, between April 22nd and May 4th, using an anonymous and untraceable survey containing 20 multiple choice questions (socio-demographic; health status and habits of life during COVID-19 pandemic). Conclusions This study provides a firsthand revelation of the severity of COVID-19 on individuals with diabetes in Brazil, altering their habits, which impacted their glycemia, potentially increasing their risk of poor outcomes if infected by SARS-CoV-2. This also harmed adjustments to continue the proper follow-up and management of other diseases, including both communicable and NCDs. For these reasons, the present study aims to investigate challenges encountered by people living with diabetes in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic. doi = 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108304 id = cord-287362-dhl7ynrc author = Unnikrishnan, Ranjit title = Infections and diabetes: Risks and mitigation with reference to India date = 2020-09-22 keywords = India; diabetes summary = While mortality due to COVID-19 has been lower in south Asian countries such as India, the sheer number of individuals with diabetes in this region represents a huge population at high risk of adverse outcomes due to this infection (22, 23) . The increased susceptibility of the individual with diabetes to infection has recently returned to sharp focus with the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic, reiterating the need for achieving tight control of hyperglycemia and managing comorbidities appropriately J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f in this population from the time of diagnosis of diabetes. Impact of glycemic control on risk of infections in patients with type 2 diabetes: a population-based cohort study doi = 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.09.022 id = cord-284245-y8q0cjbk author = Vallis, Michael title = Mental Health in Diabetes: Never a Better Time date = 2020-08-10 keywords = diabetes summary = Morrissey et al (5) present a paper on the role of diabetes distress in adolescents and young adults living with type 1 diabetes. Additionally, there are contributions examining the potential for negative mental health impacts in the form of bereavement and grief reactions in those with type 1 diabetes (Fraser [7] ) and an important perspective paper on self-injury and suicide in those with diabetes (Barnard-Kelly et al [8] ). Cimo et al (10) present the outcomes of a diabetes education intervention in those living with diabetes and mental health disorders. Alessi et al (13) examine alcohol use and clinical outcomes in youth and adults with type 1 diabetes, and Mehta and Hirji (14) review the outcome of structured education for patients living with type 2 diabetes and substance abuse. Diabetes distress in adults living with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: A public health issue doi = 10.1016/j.jcjd.2020.06.004 id = cord-345360-wlzgq7f9 author = Yan, Alice F. title = Perceived Risk, Behavior Changes and Health-related Outcomes During COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings among Adults with and without Diabetes in China date = 2020-07-22 keywords = COVID-19; China; diabetes summary = AIMS: To examine perceived infection risk of COVID-19 and the health and related behavior changes among people with diabetes, compared with people without diabetes, and to examine factors associated with self-reported health during the national quarantine period in China. The objectives of this time-sensitive study are: 1) to examine perceived risk of COVID-19 and levels of worry among people with diabetes, and compare with the perceptions of those without diabetes; 2) to examine the health-related experiences and behaviors of people with diabetes when compared with those without diabetes, and 3) to examine factors associated with self-reported health status during the COVID-19 quarantine period in China. To our knowledge, no studies to date have reported findings related to perceived infection risks and the impacts of COVID-19 on a large sample of people with diabetes on health-related outcomes and lifestyle behavior changes in China, where COVID-19 was first reported, and many vigorous nationwide measures were taken to control its spread. doi = 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108350 id = cord-306670-c2jm0g88 author = Zhang, Yan title = Association of Diabetes Mellitus with Disease Severity and Prognosis in COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study date = 2020-05-22 keywords = covid-19; diabetes; patient summary = COVID-19 patients with diabetes were more likely to develop severe or critical disease conditions with more complications, and had higher incidence rates of antibiotic therapy, non-invasive and invasive mechanical ventilation, and death (11.1% vs. In the current study, we retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 258 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19, and compared the differences in clinical characteristics, laboratory markers, treatment strategies, and short-term prognosis including death between patients with and without diabetes. We found that COVID-19 patients with diabetes were more likely to develop severely or critically ill subtypes, including more complications with ARDS, acute cardiac injury, resulting in receiving more antibiotic therapy and mechanical ventilation. Additionally, we found that COVID-19 patients with diabetes also had preexisting cardiovascular disease, and were more susceptible to having acute cardiac injury during hospitalization, which might increase the possibility of short-term poor prognosis in patients with diabetes after SARS-CoV-2 infection. doi = 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108227 id = cord-292344-3bj567gr author = Zimmet, P. title = The burden of type 2 diabetes: are we doing enough? date = 2003-09-30 keywords = diabetes; prevalence; type summary = doi = 10.1016/s1262-3636(03)72783-9 id = cord-023157-0lqlx2rv author = nan title = Poster Sessions date = 2013-04-18 keywords = BMI; CAD; CRP; CVD; GDM; HDL; HFD; HOMA; Hospital; IFG; IGT; IL-6; NAFLD; OGTT; PCOS; T2DM; University; diabetes; glucose; group; high; insulin; level; metabolic; patient; result; study summary = The patients revealed the increase of free fatty acids level (2.19 AE 0.10) mmol/l/ml, that meaningfully differed from such indexes in the control group (P < 0.001) and low level of adiponektin (3.70 AE 0.70) mg/ml that confirms their role in development of NAFLD even for persons with normal body weight after the presence of abdominal type of adipose tissue distribution. Results: This study has shown effectiveness in reduction in fasting blood glucose (P < 0.01), systolic blood pressure (P = 0.03), diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.01), weight (P = 0.03), added sugar (P = 0.03) and fat consumption (P < 0.01) while improving physical activity (P < 0.01) and insulin sensitivity (P < 0.01) in the intervention group when compared with the control group at follow up assessment. Conclusion: Our study shows that infiltration of macrophages in human adipose tissue, estimated by the expression of macrophage markers, is increased in subjects with obesity and diabetes and associated with insulin sensitivity and serum lipid levels independent of BMI. doi = 10.1111/1753-0407.12032_1