Distant Reader - keyword-disaster-cord

Introduction

This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.

This study carrel was created on 2021-05-24 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader cord process, and the input was the result of a query applied to a local mirror of CORD, a data set of scholarly articles on the topic of COVID-19. The actual query was: keywords:disaster. The results of this query were saved in a cache and transformed into a set of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.

All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.

Size

There are 55 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 403,746 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 7,340 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.

Readability

On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 45. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.

Word Frequencies

By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:

disaster, disasters, management, emergency, risk, health, response, also, community, may, preparedness, care, public, medical, social, will, resilience, system, natural, hospital, government, national, one, local, information, events, study, planning, research, people, based, new, time, development, many, level, recovery, training, well, event, earthquake, case, resources, rescue, including, related, hospitals, policy, support, areas

Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are Participants – Multilateral Organizations and International Financial Institutions, Disaster Theory, and Studying Future Disasters and Crises: A Heuristic Approach.

The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:

disaster management, disaster risk, disaster preparedness, disaster response, public health, natural disasters, disaster medicine, risk reduction, health care, united states, emergency management, risk management, community resilience, critical care, climate change, natural disaster, disaster prevention, emergency managers, disaster relief, natural hazards, emergency response, disaster period, medical students, surge capacity, mental health, disaster planning, management system, mass casualty, disaster events, disaster reduction, hurricane katrina, resilient community, daily news, emergency preparedness, social media, united nations, cultural heritage, risk assessment, civil defense, health professionals, disaster resilience, lessons learned, homeland security, local governments, doc id, cord uid, disaster nursing, case study, excessive pricing, emergency department

And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are Participants – Multilateral Organizations and International Financial Institutions Disaster Theory, and Examining professional emergency managers in Korea.

While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:

Keywords

Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:

disaster, health, emergency, risk, china, response, management, hospital, community, care, united, tourism, resilience, medical, korea, event, taiwan, states, social, ptsd, pediatric, patient, participant, nurse, national, medicine, japan, information, ics, destination, covid-19, child, act, zadeh, world, wfp, wenchuan, water, waste, walkerton, ventura, usa, urban, unicef, unhcr, unesco, undp, uncertainty, typhoon, twitter

And now word clouds really begin to shine:

Topic Modeling

Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be disaster, and Impact of Disasters and Disaster Risk Management in Singapore: A Case Study of Singapore’s Experience in Fighting the SARS Epidemic is most about that word.

If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:

If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:

disaster, risk, community - Participants – Multilateral Organizations and International Financial Institutions
disaster, health, care - Evaluation of hospital disaster preparedness by a multi-criteria decision making approach: The case of Turkish hospitals
disaster, disasters, management - South African competition policy on excessive pricing and its relation to price gouging during the COVID‐19 disaster period
disaster, management, accident - Disaster Response Policy Change in the Wake of Major Disasters, Labeled Focusing Events
tourism, disaster, economic - Economic Diversification and The Resiliency Hypothesis: Evidence from the Impact of Natural Disasters on Regional Housing Values

Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:

Noun & Verbs

Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":

disaster, disasters, management, emergency, risk, response, health, community, preparedness, care, system, government, hospital, resilience, information, events, people, study, time, research, level, planning, event, hospitals, case, resources, training, recovery, patients, number, areas, development, capacity, policy, rescue, area, systems, earthquake, countries, tourism, organizations, analysis, period, approach, price, nurses, children, hazards, staff, data

An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:

include, provides, using, developed, make, based, following, caused, occur, affect, considered, need, requires, took, related, increased, involved, identify, working, shown, establish, address, respond, built, led, support, seen, help, became, report, create, resulted, focused, reduce, improve, found, existing, give, prepare, managed, assessed, know, understanding, ensures, defined, learn, continue, allow, receive, dealt

Proper Nouns

An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.

Disaster, •, China, Emergency, United, Management, SARS, National, UN, Act, States, Singapore, ED, Health, Korea, Risk, Department, Japan, World, Community, COVID-19, Ministry, Bank, New, News, Resilience, Office, Reduction, Hurricane, Table, Security, Minister, September, Fire, Katrina, Organization, Council, Committee, California, International, Response, Safety, Development, Center, Civil, Medical, Daily, Typhoon, City, December

An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"

it, their, we, they, its, our, he, i, them, his, us, themselves, you, one, my, itself, her, him, your, me, she, himself, herself, ourselves, oneself, pseudonyms, myself, http://robotics.jpl.nasa.gov/tasks/, g2hx32xa, dbpia, cord-318336-hslnkv6p, -2nd

Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.

Adjectives & Verbs

Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"

social, medical, natural, public, local, many, national, economic, different, new, large, important, high, critical, major, specific, human, international, first, regional, environmental, available, effective, various, significant, key, potential, urban, several, global, resilient, future, cultural, possible, pediatric, necessary, current, common, particular, multiple, biological, general, appropriate, special, humanitarian, vulnerable, non, excessive, low, likely

also, well, however, even, often, therefore, especially, particularly, still, first, together, usually, just, finally, rather, less, now, directly, better, effectively, significantly, highly, specifically, relatively, generally, quickly, moreover, almost, respectively, later, immediately, far, always, typically, mainly, fully, furthermore, rapidly, currently, back, much, clearly, additionally, frequently, already, second, long, previously, critically, likely

Next steps

There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.

Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.

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