id sid tid token lemma pos cord-016238-bs1qk677 1 1 key key NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 1 2 : : : cord-016238-bs1qk677 1 3 cord-016238-bs1qk677 cord-016238-bs1qk677 NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 1 4 authors author NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 1 5 : : : cord-016238-bs1qk677 1 6 Venkatachalam Venkatachalam NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 1 7 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 1 8 Sangeeta Sangeeta NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 1 9 ; ; : cord-016238-bs1qk677 1 10 Mikler Mikler NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 1 11 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 1 12 Armin Armin NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 1 13 R. R. NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 1 14 title title NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 1 15 : : : cord-016238-bs1qk677 2 1 An an DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 2 2 Infectious Infectious NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 2 3 Disease Disease NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 2 4 Outbreak Outbreak NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 2 5 Simulator Simulator NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 2 6 Based base VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 2 7 on on IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 2 8 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 2 9 Cellular Cellular NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 2 10 Automata Automata NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 2 11 Paradigm Paradigm NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 2 12 date date NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 2 13 : : : cord-016238-bs1qk677 3 1 2006 2006 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 3 2 journal journal NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 3 3 : : : cord-016238-bs1qk677 4 1 Innovative innovative JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 4 2 Internet internet NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 4 3 Community Community NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 4 4 Systems Systems NNPS cord-016238-bs1qk677 4 5 DOI DOI NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 5 1 : : : cord-016238-bs1qk677 5 2 10.1007/11553762_20 10.1007/11553762_20 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 5 3 sha sha NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 5 4 : : : cord-016238-bs1qk677 6 1 62992d732ac44141874849d2589242b1c415f7b9 62992d732ac44141874849d2589242b1c415f7b9 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 7 1 doc_id doc_id CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 7 2 : : : cord-016238-bs1qk677 7 3 16238 16238 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 7 4 cord_uid cord_uid NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 7 5 : : : cord-016238-bs1qk677 8 1 bs1qk677 bs1qk677 RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 9 1 In in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 9 2 this this DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 9 3 paper paper NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 9 4 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 9 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-016238-bs1qk677 9 6 propose propose VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 9 7 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 9 8 use use NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 9 9 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 9 10 Cellular Cellular NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 9 11 Automata Automata NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 9 12 paradigm paradigm NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 9 13 to to TO cord-016238-bs1qk677 9 14 simulate simulate VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 9 15 an an DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 9 16 infectious infectious JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 9 17 disease disease NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 9 18 outbreak outbreak NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 9 19 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 10 1 The the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 10 2 simulator simulator NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 10 3 facilitates facilitate VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 10 4 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 10 5 study study NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 10 6 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 10 7 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 10 8 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 10 9 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 10 10 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 10 11 different different JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 10 12 infectious infectious JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 10 13 diseases disease NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 10 14 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 10 15 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 10 16 has have VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 10 17 been be VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 10 18 applied apply VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 10 19 to to TO cord-016238-bs1qk677 10 20 study study VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 10 21 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 10 22 effects effect NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 10 23 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 10 24 spread spread NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 10 25 vaccination vaccination NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 10 26 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 10 27 ring ring NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 10 28 vaccination vaccination NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 10 29 strategies strategy NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 10 30 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 11 1 Fundamentally fundamentally RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 11 2 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 11 3 simulator simulator NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 11 4 loosely loosely RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 11 5 simulates simulate VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 11 6 SIR SIR NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 11 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-016238-bs1qk677 11 8 Susceptible susceptible JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 11 9 Infected infect VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 11 10 Removed remove VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 11 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-016238-bs1qk677 11 12 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 11 13 SEIR SEIR NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 11 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-016238-bs1qk677 11 15 Susceptible susceptible JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 11 16 Exposed expose VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 11 17 Infected infect VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 11 18 Removed remove VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 11 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-016238-bs1qk677 11 20 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 12 1 The the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 12 2 Geo Geo NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 12 3 - - HYPH cord-016238-bs1qk677 12 4 spatial spatial JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 12 5 model model NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 12 6 with with IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 12 7 global global JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 12 8 interaction interaction NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 12 9 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 12 10 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-016238-bs1qk677 12 11 approach approach NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 12 12 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 12 13 global global JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 12 14 stochastic stochastic JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 12 15 cellular cellular JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 12 16 automata automaton NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 12 17 are be VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 12 18 also also RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 12 19 discussed discuss VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 12 20 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 13 1 The the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 13 2 global global JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 13 3 stochastic stochastic JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 13 4 cellular cellular JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 13 5 automata automata NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 13 6 takes take VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 13 7 into into IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 13 8 account account NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 13 9 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 13 10 demography demography NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 13 11 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 13 12 culture culture NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 13 13 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 13 14 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 13 15 region region NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 13 16 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 14 1 The the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 14 2 simulator simulator NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 14 3 can can MD cord-016238-bs1qk677 14 4 be be VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 14 5 used use VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 14 6 to to TO cord-016238-bs1qk677 14 7 study study VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 14 8 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 14 9 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 14 10 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 14 11 disease disease NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 14 12 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 14 13 over over IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 14 14 large large JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 14 15 geographic geographic JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 14 16 regions region NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 14 17 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 15 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-016238-bs1qk677 15 2 analyze analyze VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 15 3 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 15 4 effects effect NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 15 5 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 15 6 distances distance NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 15 7 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 15 8 interaction interaction NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 15 9 on on IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 15 10 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 15 11 spread spread NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 15 12 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 15 13 various various JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 15 14 diseases disease NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 15 15 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 16 1 Nowadays nowadays RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 16 2 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 16 3 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 16 4 problem problem NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 16 5 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 16 6 emergent emergent JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 16 7 diseases disease NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 16 8 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 16 9 re re JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 16 10 - - JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 16 11 emergent emergent JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 16 12 diseases disease NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 16 13 like like IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 16 14 influenza influenza NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 16 15 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 16 16 SARS SARS NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 16 17 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 16 18 have have VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 16 19 caused cause VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 16 20 increased increase VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 16 21 attention attention NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 16 22 towards towards IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 16 23 public public JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 16 24 health health NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 16 25 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 16 26 general general JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 16 27 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 16 28 epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 16 29 specifically specifically RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 16 30 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 17 1 With with IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 17 2 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 17 3 ever ever RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 17 4 - - HYPH cord-016238-bs1qk677 17 5 increasing increase VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 17 6 population population NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 17 7 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 17 8 ability ability NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 17 9 to to TO cord-016238-bs1qk677 17 10 travel travel VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 17 11 longer long JJR cord-016238-bs1qk677 17 12 distances distance NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 17 13 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 17 14 short short JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 17 15 time time NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 17 16 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 17 17 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 17 18 spread spread NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 17 19 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 17 20 communicable communicable JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 17 21 diseases disease NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 17 22 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 17 23 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 17 24 society society NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 17 25 has have VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 17 26 been be VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 17 27 accelerated accelerate VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 17 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-016238-bs1qk677 17 29 16 16 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 17 30 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 17 31 17 17 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 17 32 ] ] -RRB- cord-016238-bs1qk677 17 33 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 18 1 Growing grow VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 18 2 diversity diversity NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 18 3 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 18 4 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 18 5 population population NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 18 6 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 18 7 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 18 8 globalization globalization NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 18 9 are be VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 18 10 leading lead VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 18 11 towards towards IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 18 12 increasing increase VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 18 13 interaction interaction NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 18 14 among among IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 18 15 individuals individual NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 18 16 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 19 1 Constant constant JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 19 2 exposure exposure NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 19 3 to to IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 19 4 public public JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 19 5 health health NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 19 6 threats threat NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 19 7 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 19 8 raising raise VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 19 9 people people NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 19 10 's 's POS cord-016238-bs1qk677 19 11 concern concern NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 19 12 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 19 13 necessitates necessitate VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 19 14 pro pro JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 19 15 - - JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 19 16 active active JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 19 17 action action NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 19 18 towards towards IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 19 19 preventing prevent VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 19 20 disease disease NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 19 21 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 19 22 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 20 1 Further further RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 20 2 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 20 3 greater great JJR cord-016238-bs1qk677 20 4 emphasis emphasis NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 20 5 on on IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 20 6 infections infection NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 20 7 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 20 8 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 20 9 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 20 10 rooted root VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 20 11 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 20 12 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 20 13 imminent imminent JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 20 14 threat threat NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 20 15 arising arise VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 20 16 from from IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 20 17 bioterrorism bioterrorism NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 20 18 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 21 1 As as IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 21 2 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 21 3 result result NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 21 4 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 21 5 Public Public NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 21 6 Health Health NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 21 7 professionals professional NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 21 8 have have VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 21 9 been be VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 21 10 focusing focus VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 21 11 on on IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 21 12 identifying identify VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 21 13 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 21 14 factors factor NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 21 15 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 21 16 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 21 17 social social JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 21 18 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 21 19 physical physical JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 21 20 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 21 21 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 21 22 environment environment NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 21 23 which which WDT cord-016238-bs1qk677 21 24 aid aid VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 21 25 to to TO cord-016238-bs1qk677 21 26 faster fast JJR cord-016238-bs1qk677 21 27 spread spread NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 21 28 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 21 29 diseases disease NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 21 30 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 22 1 As as IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 22 2 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 22 3 significance significance NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 22 4 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 22 5 Public Public NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 22 6 Health Health NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 22 7 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 22 8 being be VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 22 9 recognized recognize VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 22 10 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 22 11 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 22 12 role role NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 22 13 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 22 14 epidemiologists epidemiologist NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 22 15 has have VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 22 16 become become VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 22 17 more more RBR cord-016238-bs1qk677 22 18 prominent prominent JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 22 19 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 23 1 Epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 23 2 deals deal VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 23 3 with with IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 23 4 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 23 5 study study NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 23 6 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 23 7 cause cause NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 23 8 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 23 9 spread spread VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 23 10 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 23 11 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 23 12 control control NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 23 13 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 23 14 diseases disease NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 23 15 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 24 1 The the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 24 2 goal goal NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 24 3 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 24 4 epidemiologists epidemiologist NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 24 5 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 24 6 to to TO cord-016238-bs1qk677 24 7 implement implement VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 24 8 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 24 9 for for IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 24 10 surveillance surveillance NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 24 11 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 24 12 monitoring monitoring NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 24 13 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 24 14 prevention prevention NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 24 15 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 24 16 control control NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 24 17 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 24 18 different different JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 24 19 diseases disease NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 24 20 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 25 1 To to TO cord-016238-bs1qk677 25 2 accomplish accomplish VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 25 3 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 25 4 above above RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 25 5 mentioned mention VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 25 6 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 25 7 epidemiologists epidemiologist NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 25 8 need need VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 25 9 to to TO cord-016238-bs1qk677 25 10 deal deal VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 25 11 with with IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 25 12 large large JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 25 13 data data NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 25 14 sets set NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 25 15 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 25 16 disease disease NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 25 17 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 25 18 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 26 1 These these DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 26 2 data datum NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 26 3 sets set NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 26 4 are be VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 26 5 often often RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 26 6 spatially spatially RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 26 7 and/or and/or CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 26 8 temporally temporally RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 26 9 distributed distribute VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 26 10 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 27 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-016238-bs1qk677 27 2 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 27 3 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 27 4 fact fact NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 27 5 ironic ironic JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 27 6 that that IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 27 7 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 27 8 for for IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 27 9 epidemiologists epidemiologist NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 27 10 to to TO cord-016238-bs1qk677 27 11 study study VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 27 12 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 27 13 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 27 14 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 27 15 different different JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 27 16 diseases disease NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 27 17 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 27 18 it -PRON- PRP cord-016238-bs1qk677 27 19 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 27 20 vital vital JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 27 21 for for IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 27 22 an an DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 27 23 outbreak outbreak NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 27 24 to to TO cord-016238-bs1qk677 27 25 occur occur VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 27 26 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 28 1 Epidemiologists epidemiologist NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 28 2 have have VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 28 3 been be VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 28 4 studying study VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 28 5 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 28 6 analyzing analyze VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 28 7 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 28 8 data data NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 28 9 sets set NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 28 10 using use VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 28 11 primarily primarily RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 28 12 statistical statistical JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 28 13 tools tool NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 28 14 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 29 1 In in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 29 2 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 29 3 vast vast JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 29 4 variety variety NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 29 5 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 29 6 infectious infectious JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 29 7 diseases disease NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 29 8 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 29 9 expertise expertise NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 29 10 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 29 11 needed need VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 29 12 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 29 13 terms term NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 29 14 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 29 15 epidemiologists epidemiologist NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 29 16 for for IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 29 17 every every DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 29 18 disease disease NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 29 19 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 30 1 Statistical statistical JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 30 2 tools tool NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 30 3 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 30 4 prove prove VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 30 5 to to TO cord-016238-bs1qk677 30 6 be be VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 30 7 inadequate inadequate JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 30 8 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 30 9 fragmentary fragmentary JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 30 10 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 30 11 when when WRB cord-016238-bs1qk677 30 12 focusing focus VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 30 13 on on IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 30 14 large large JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 30 15 spatial spatial JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 30 16 domains domain NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 30 17 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 31 1 These these DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 31 2 tools tool NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 31 3 have have VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 31 4 been be VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 31 5 deemed deem VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 31 6 limited limited JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 31 7 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 31 8 particularly particularly RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 31 9 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 31 10 view view NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 31 11 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 31 12 an an DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 31 13 emerging emerge VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 31 14 global global JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 31 15 computational computational JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 31 16 infrastructure infrastructure NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 31 17 that that WDT cord-016238-bs1qk677 31 18 facilitates facilitate VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 31 19 high high JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 31 20 performance performance NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 31 21 computing computing NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 31 22 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 32 1 Hence hence RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 32 2 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 32 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-016238-bs1qk677 32 4 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 32 5 imperative imperative JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 32 6 to to TO cord-016238-bs1qk677 32 7 develop develop VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 32 8 new new JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 32 9 tools tool NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 32 10 that that WDT cord-016238-bs1qk677 32 11 take take VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 32 12 advantage advantage NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 32 13 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 32 14 today today NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 32 15 's 's POS cord-016238-bs1qk677 32 16 computational computational JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 32 17 power power NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 32 18 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 32 19 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 32 20 help help VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 32 21 epidemiologists epidemiologist NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 32 22 to to TO cord-016238-bs1qk677 32 23 analyze analyze VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 32 24 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 32 25 understand understand VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 32 26 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 32 27 spatial spatial JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 32 28 spread spread NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 32 29 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 32 30 diseases disease NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 32 31 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 33 1 The the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 33 2 computational computational JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 33 3 tools tool NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 33 4 also also RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 33 5 enhance enhance VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 33 6 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 33 7 quality quality NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 33 8 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 33 9 information information NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 33 10 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 33 11 accelerate accelerate VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 33 12 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 33 13 generation generation NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 33 14 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 33 15 answers answer NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 33 16 to to IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 33 17 specific specific JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 33 18 questions question NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 33 19 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 33 20 facilitate facilitate VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 33 21 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 33 22 prediction prediction NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 33 23 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 34 1 Such such JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 34 2 tools tool NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 34 3 will will MD cord-016238-bs1qk677 34 4 take take VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 34 5 on on RP cord-016238-bs1qk677 34 6 an an DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 34 7 important important JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 34 8 role role NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 34 9 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 34 10 surveillance surveillance NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 34 11 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 34 12 monitoring monitoring NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 34 13 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 34 14 prevention prevention NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 34 15 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 34 16 control control NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 34 17 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 34 18 different different JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 34 19 diseases disease NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 34 20 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 35 1 In in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 35 2 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 35 3 domain domain NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 35 4 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 35 5 computational computational JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 35 6 tools tool NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 35 7 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 35 8 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 35 9 Cellular Cellular NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 35 10 Automata Automata NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 35 11 paradigm paradigm NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 35 12 has have VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 35 13 been be VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 35 14 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 35 15 use use NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 35 16 for for IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 35 17 several several JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 35 18 decades decade NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 35 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-016238-bs1qk677 35 20 14 14 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 35 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-016238-bs1qk677 35 22 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 36 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 36 2 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 36 3 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 36 4 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 36 5 field field NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 36 6 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 36 7 modeling model VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 36 8 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 36 9 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 36 10 this this DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 36 11 paradigm paradigm NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 36 12 has have VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 36 13 rarely rarely RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 36 14 been be VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 36 15 utilized utilize VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 36 16 to to IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 36 17 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-016238-bs1qk677 36 18 full full JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 36 19 potential potential NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 36 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-016238-bs1qk677 36 21 1 1 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 36 22 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 36 23 10 10 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 36 24 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 36 25 14 14 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 36 26 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 36 27 8 8 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 36 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-016238-bs1qk677 36 29 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 37 1 A a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 37 2 cellular cellular JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 37 3 automata automata NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 37 4 as as IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 37 5 defined define VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 37 6 by by IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 37 7 Lyman Lyman NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 37 8 Hurd Hurd NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 37 9 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 37 10 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 37 11 discrete discrete JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 37 12 dynamical dynamical JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 37 13 system system NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 37 14 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 37 15 where where WRB cord-016238-bs1qk677 37 16 space space NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 37 17 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 37 18 time time NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 37 19 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 37 20 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 37 21 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 37 22 states state NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 37 23 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 37 24 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 37 25 system system NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 37 26 are be VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 37 27 distinct distinct JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 37 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-016238-bs1qk677 37 29 15 15 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 37 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-016238-bs1qk677 37 31 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 38 1 CA CA NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 38 2 has have VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 38 3 been be VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 38 4 exemplified exemplify VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 38 5 as as IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 38 6 an an DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 38 7 array array NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 38 8 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 38 9 similar similar JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 38 10 processing processing NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 38 11 units unit NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 38 12 called call VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 38 13 cells cell NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 38 14 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 39 1 The the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 39 2 cells cell NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 39 3 arranged arrange VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 39 4 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 39 5 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 39 6 regular regular JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 39 7 manner manner NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 39 8 constitute constitute VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 39 9 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 39 10 regular regular JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 39 11 spatial spatial JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 39 12 lattice lattice NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 39 13 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 40 1 Figure figure NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 40 2 1 1 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 40 3 shows show VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 40 4 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 40 5 regular regular JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 40 6 lattice lattice NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 40 7 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 40 8 cells cell NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 40 9 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 41 1 The the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 41 2 fundamental fundamental JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 41 3 property property NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 41 4 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 41 5 each each DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 41 6 cell cell NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 41 7 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 41 8 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 41 9 state state NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 41 10 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 41 11 where where WRB cord-016238-bs1qk677 41 12 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 41 13 states state NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 41 14 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 41 15 cells cell NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 41 16 change change VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 41 17 based base VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 41 18 on on IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 41 19 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 41 20 update update NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 41 21 rule rule NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 41 22 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 41 23 either either CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 41 24 local local JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 41 25 or or CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 41 26 global global JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 41 27 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 42 1 The the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 42 2 update update NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 42 3 rule rule NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 42 4 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 42 5 applied apply VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 42 6 synchronously synchronously RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 42 7 throughout throughout IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 42 8 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 42 9 lattice lattice NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 42 10 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 42 11 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 42 12 state state NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 42 13 transitions transition NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 42 14 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 42 15 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 42 16 cells cell NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 42 17 are be VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 42 18 based base VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 42 19 on on IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 42 20 few few JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 42 21 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 42 22 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 42 23 close close NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 42 24 by by IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 42 25 cells cell NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 42 26 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 42 27 known know VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 42 28 as as IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 42 29 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 42 30 neighborhood neighborhood NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 42 31 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 43 1 For for IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 43 2 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 43 3 two two CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 43 4 - - HYPH cord-016238-bs1qk677 43 5 dimensional dimensional JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 43 6 lattice lattice NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 43 7 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 43 8 most most RBS cord-016238-bs1qk677 43 9 common common JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 43 10 neighborhoods neighborhood NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 43 11 defined define VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 43 12 are be VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 43 13 von von NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 43 14 Neumann Neumann NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 43 15 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 43 16 Moore Moore NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 43 17 neighborhood neighborhood NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 43 18 as as IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 43 19 shown show VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 43 20 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 43 21 figure figure NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 43 22 1 1 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 43 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-016238-bs1qk677 43 24 15 15 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 43 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-016238-bs1qk677 43 26 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 44 1 In in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 44 2 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 44 3 von von NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 44 4 Neumann Neumann NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 44 5 neighborhood neighborhood NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 44 6 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 44 7 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 44 8 state state NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 44 9 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 44 10 cell cell NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 44 11 C C NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 44 12 i i NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 44 13 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 44 14 j j NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 44 15 depends depend VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 44 16 on on IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 44 17 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 44 18 states state NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 44 19 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 44 20 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 44 21 four four CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 44 22 neighborhood neighborhood NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 44 23 cells cell NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 44 24 namely namely RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 44 25 C C NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 44 26 i+1,j i+1,j NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 44 27 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 44 28 C C NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 44 29 i−1,j i−1,j NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 44 30 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 44 31 C C NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 44 32 i i NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 44 33 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 44 34 j+1 j+1 NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 44 35 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 44 36 C C NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 44 37 i i NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 44 38 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 44 39 j−1 j−1 NNPS cord-016238-bs1qk677 44 40 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 45 1 In in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 45 2 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 45 3 Moore Moore NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 45 4 neighborhood neighborhood NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 45 5 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 45 6 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 45 7 state state NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 45 8 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 45 9 cell cell NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 45 10 C C NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 45 11 i i NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 45 12 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 45 13 j j NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 45 14 depends depend VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 45 15 on on IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 45 16 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 45 17 states state NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 45 18 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 45 19 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 45 20 eight eight CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 45 21 neighborhood neighborhood NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 45 22 cells cell NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 45 23 namely namely RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 45 24 As as IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 45 25 mentioned mention VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 45 26 before before RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 45 27 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 45 28 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 45 29 CA CA NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 45 30 's 's POS cord-016238-bs1qk677 45 31 evolution evolution NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 45 32 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 45 33 based base VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 45 34 on on IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 45 35 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 45 36 global global JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 45 37 update update NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 45 38 rule rule NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 45 39 applied apply VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 45 40 uniformly uniformly RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 45 41 to to IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 45 42 all all PDT cord-016238-bs1qk677 45 43 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 45 44 cells cell NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 45 45 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 46 1 The the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 46 2 signature signature NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 46 3 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 46 4 this this DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 46 5 rule rule NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 46 6 can can MD cord-016238-bs1qk677 46 7 be be VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 46 8 thought think VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 46 9 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 46 10 as as IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 46 11 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 46 12 state state NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 46 13 transition transition NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 46 14 from from IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 46 15 time time NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 46 16 t-1 t-1 NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 46 17 to to IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 46 18 t. t. NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 47 1 As as IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 47 2 shown show VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 47 3 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 47 4 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 47 5 figure figure NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 47 6 2 2 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 47 7 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 47 8 state state NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 47 9 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 47 10 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 47 11 center center NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 47 12 cell cell NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 47 13 changes change NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 47 14 to to IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 47 15 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 47 16 state state NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 47 17 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 47 18 which which WDT cord-016238-bs1qk677 47 19 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 47 20 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 47 21 majority majority NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 47 22 among among IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 47 23 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 47 24 cells cell NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 47 25 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 47 26 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 47 27 neighborhood neighborhood NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 47 28 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 48 1 The the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 48 2 update update NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 48 3 rule rule NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 48 4 determines determine VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 48 5 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 48 6 deterministic deterministic JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 48 7 or or CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 48 8 stochastic stochastic JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 48 9 behavior behavior NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 48 10 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 48 11 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 48 12 CA CA NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 48 13 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 49 1 Stochastic stochastic JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 49 2 behavior behavior NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 49 3 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 49 4 seen see VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 49 5 by by IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 49 6 probabilistic probabilistic JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 49 7 update update NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 49 8 rules rule NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 49 9 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 49 10 non non JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 49 11 - - JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 49 12 deterministic deterministic JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 49 13 state state NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 49 14 transitions transition NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 49 15 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 50 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-016238-bs1qk677 50 2 efforts effort NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 50 3 to to TO cord-016238-bs1qk677 50 4 design design VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 50 5 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 50 6 implement implement VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 50 7 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 50 8 Cellular Cellular NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 50 9 Automata Automata NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 50 10 based base VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 50 11 simulator simulator NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 50 12 has have VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 50 13 been be VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 50 14 necessitated necessitate VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 50 15 by by IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 50 16 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 50 17 need need NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 50 18 to to TO cord-016238-bs1qk677 50 19 study study VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 50 20 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 50 21 dynamic dynamic NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 50 22 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 50 23 spread spread NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 50 24 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 50 25 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 50 26 vast vast JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 50 27 number number NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 50 28 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 50 29 infectious infectious JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 50 30 diseases disease NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 50 31 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 51 1 Towards towards IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 51 2 this this DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 51 3 goal goal NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 51 4 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 51 5 this this DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 51 6 paper paper NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 51 7 proposes propose VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 51 8 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 51 9 use use NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 51 10 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 51 11 CA CA NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 51 12 paradigm paradigm NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 51 13 to to TO cord-016238-bs1qk677 51 14 simulate simulate VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 51 15 an an DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 51 16 infectious infectious JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 51 17 disease disease NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 51 18 outbreak outbreak NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 51 19 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 52 1 Specifically specifically RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 52 2 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 52 3 this this DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 52 4 paper paper NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 52 5 focuses focus VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 52 6 on on IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 52 7 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 52 8 design design NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 52 9 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 52 10 evaluation evaluation NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 52 11 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 52 12 EPI EPI NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 52 13 - - HYPH cord-016238-bs1qk677 52 14 SIM SIM NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 52 15 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 52 16 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 52 17 global global JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 52 18 disease disease NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 52 19 outbreak outbreak NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 53 1 sim-00 sim-00 NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 53 2 00 00 NFP cord-016238-bs1qk677 53 3 00 00 NFP cord-016238-bs1qk677 53 4 00 00 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 53 5 00 00 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 53 6 11 11 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 53 7 11 11 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 53 8 11 11 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 53 9 11 11 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 53 10 11 11 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 53 11 00 00 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 53 12 00 00 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 53 13 00 00 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 53 14 00 00 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 53 15 11 11 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 53 16 11 11 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 53 17 11 11 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 53 18 11 11 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 53 19 ulator ulator NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 53 20 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 54 1 The the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 54 2 following follow VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 54 3 section section NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 54 4 summarizes summarize VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 54 5 some some DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 54 6 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 54 7 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 54 8 research research NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 54 9 effort effort NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 54 10 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 54 11 modeling model VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 54 12 disease disease NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 54 13 epidemic epidemic NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 54 14 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 54 15 highlights highlight VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 54 16 principle principle JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 54 17 approaches approach NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 54 18 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 55 1 The the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 55 2 design design NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 55 3 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 55 4 EPI EPI NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 55 5 - - HYPH cord-016238-bs1qk677 55 6 SIM SIM NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 55 7 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 55 8 discussed discuss VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 55 9 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 55 10 Section section NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 55 11 3 3 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 55 12 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 56 1 Section section NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 56 2 4 4 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 56 3 presents present VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 56 4 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 56 5 experimental experimental JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 56 6 analysis analysis NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 56 7 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 56 8 results result NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 56 9 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 56 10 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 56 11 simulator simulator NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 56 12 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 57 1 Section section NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 57 2 5 5 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 57 3 discusses discuss VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 57 4 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 57 5 Geo Geo NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 57 6 - - HYPH cord-016238-bs1qk677 57 7 Spatial spatial JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 57 8 model model NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 57 9 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 57 10 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 57 11 approach approach NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 57 12 towards towards IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 57 13 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 57 14 global global JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 57 15 model model NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 57 16 to to TO cord-016238-bs1qk677 57 17 account account VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 57 18 for for IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 57 19 different different JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 57 20 demographics demographic NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 57 21 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 58 1 Section section NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 58 2 6 6 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 58 3 concludes conclude VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 58 4 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 58 5 paper paper NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 58 6 with with IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 58 7 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 58 8 summary summary NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 58 9 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 58 10 direction direction NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 58 11 for for IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 58 12 future future JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 58 13 work work NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 58 14 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 58 15 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 58 16 area area NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 58 17 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 58 18 modeling model VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 58 19 infectious infectious JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 58 20 diseases disease NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 58 21 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 58 22 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 59 1 Most Most JJS cord-016238-bs1qk677 59 2 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 59 3 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 59 4 work work NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 59 5 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 59 6 modeling model VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 59 7 infectious infectious JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 59 8 disease disease NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 59 9 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 59 10 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 59 11 mathematically mathematically RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 59 12 inspired inspire VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 59 13 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 59 14 based base VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 59 15 on on IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 59 16 differential differential JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 59 17 equations equation NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 59 18 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 59 19 SIR SIR NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 59 20 / / SYM cord-016238-bs1qk677 59 21 SEIR SEIR NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 59 22 model model NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 59 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-016238-bs1qk677 59 24 3 3 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 59 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-016238-bs1qk677 59 26 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 60 1 Differential differential JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 60 2 equation equation NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 60 3 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 60 4 SIR SIR NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 60 5 modeling model VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 60 6 rely rely VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 60 7 on on IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 60 8 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 60 9 assumption assumption NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 60 10 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 60 11 constant constant JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 60 12 population population NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 60 13 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 60 14 neglect neglect VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 60 15 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 60 16 spatial spatial JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 60 17 effects effect NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 60 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-016238-bs1qk677 60 19 5 5 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 60 20 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 60 21 6 6 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 60 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-016238-bs1qk677 60 23 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 61 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-016238-bs1qk677 61 2 often often RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 61 3 fail fail VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 61 4 to to TO cord-016238-bs1qk677 61 5 consider consider VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 61 6 individual individual JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 61 7 contact contact NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 61 8 / / SYM cord-016238-bs1qk677 61 9 interaction interaction NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 61 10 process process NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 61 11 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 61 12 assume assume VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 61 13 populations population NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 61 14 are be VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 61 15 homogeneously homogeneously RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 61 16 mixed mixed JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 61 17 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 61 18 do do VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 61 19 not not RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 61 20 include include VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 61 21 variable variable JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 61 22 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 61 23 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 62 1 Considerable considerable JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 62 2 research research NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 62 3 has have VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 62 4 been be VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 62 5 conducted conduct VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 62 6 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 62 7 SIR(Susceptible SIR(Susceptible NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 62 8 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 62 9 Infectious Infectious NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 62 10 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 62 11 Recovered recover VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 62 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-016238-bs1qk677 62 13 modeling modeling NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 62 14 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 62 15 infectious infectious JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 62 16 diseases disease NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 62 17 using use VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 62 18 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 62 19 set set NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 62 20 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 62 21 differential differential JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 62 22 equations equation NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 62 23 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 63 1 Both both DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 63 2 partial partial JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 63 3 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 63 4 ordinary ordinary JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 63 5 differential differential JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 63 6 equation equation NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 63 7 models model NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 63 8 are be VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 63 9 so so RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 63 10 deterministic deterministic JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 63 11 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 63 12 nature nature NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 63 13 that that IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 63 14 they -PRON- PRP cord-016238-bs1qk677 63 15 neglect neglect VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 63 16 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 63 17 stochastic stochastic JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 63 18 or or CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 63 19 probabilistic probabilistic JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 63 20 behavior behavior NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 63 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-016238-bs1qk677 63 22 8 8 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 63 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-016238-bs1qk677 63 24 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 64 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 64 2 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 64 3 these these DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 64 4 approaches approach NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 64 5 / / SYM cord-016238-bs1qk677 64 6 models model NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 64 7 have have VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 64 8 been be VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 64 9 shown show VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 64 10 to to TO cord-016238-bs1qk677 64 11 be be VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 64 12 effective effective JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 64 13 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 64 14 regions region NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 64 15 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 64 16 small small JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 64 17 population population NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 64 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-016238-bs1qk677 64 19 8 8 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 64 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-016238-bs1qk677 64 21 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 65 1 Other other JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 65 2 approaches approach NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 65 3 for for IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 65 4 modeling model VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 65 5 disease disease NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 65 6 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 65 7 have have VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 65 8 been be VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 65 9 using use VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 65 10 mean mean JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 65 11 field field NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 65 12 type type NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 65 13 approximations approximation NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 65 14 [ [ -LRB- cord-016238-bs1qk677 65 15 12 12 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 65 16 ] ] -RRB- cord-016238-bs1qk677 65 17 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 66 1 Even even RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 66 2 though though IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 66 3 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 66 4 MFT MFT NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 66 5 models model NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 66 6 are be VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 66 7 similar similar JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 66 8 to to IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 66 9 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 66 10 differential differential JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 66 11 equations equation NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 66 12 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 66 13 they -PRON- PRP cord-016238-bs1qk677 66 14 add add VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 66 15 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 66 16 probabilistic probabilistic JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 66 17 nature nature NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 66 18 by by IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 66 19 adding add VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 66 20 different different JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 66 21 probabilities probability NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 66 22 for for IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 66 23 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 66 24 mixing mixing NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 66 25 among among IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 66 26 individuals individual NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 66 27 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 67 1 Although although IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 67 2 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 67 3 according accord VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 67 4 to to IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 67 5 Boccara Boccara NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 67 6 [ [ -LRB- cord-016238-bs1qk677 67 7 5 5 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 67 8 ] ] -RRB- cord-016238-bs1qk677 67 9 mean mean JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 67 10 field field NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 67 11 approximations approximation NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 67 12 tend tend VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 67 13 to to TO cord-016238-bs1qk677 67 14 neglect neglect VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 67 15 spatial spatial JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 67 16 dependencies dependency NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 67 17 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 67 18 correlations correlation NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 67 19 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 67 20 assume assume VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 67 21 that that IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 67 22 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 67 23 probability probability NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 67 24 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 67 25 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 67 26 state state NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 67 27 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 67 28 cell cell NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 67 29 being be VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 67 30 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 67 31 or or CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 67 32 infective infective JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 67 33 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 67 34 proportional proportional JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 67 35 to to IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 67 36 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 67 37 density density NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 67 38 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 67 39 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 67 40 corresponding correspond VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 67 41 population population NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 67 42 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 68 1 This this DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 68 2 approach approach NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 68 3 relies rely VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 68 4 on on IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 68 5 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 68 6 quantitative quantitative JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 68 7 measures measure NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 68 8 to to TO cord-016238-bs1qk677 68 9 predict predict VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 68 10 local local JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 68 11 interaction interaction NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 68 12 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 69 1 Boccara Boccara NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 69 2 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 69 3 Cheong Cheong NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 69 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-016238-bs1qk677 69 5 5 5 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 69 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-016238-bs1qk677 69 7 study study VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 69 8 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 69 9 SIS SIS NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 69 10 model model NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 69 11 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 69 12 spread spread NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 69 13 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 69 14 infectious infectious JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 69 15 disease disease NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 69 16 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 69 17 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 69 18 population population NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 69 19 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 69 20 moving move VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 69 21 individuals individual NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 69 22 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 69 23 thereby thereby RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 69 24 introducing introduce VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 69 25 non non JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 69 26 - - JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 69 27 uniform uniform JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 69 28 population population NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 69 29 density density NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 69 30 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 70 1 In in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 70 2 every every DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 70 3 update update NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 70 4 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 70 5 cells cell NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 70 6 take take VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 70 7 up up RP cord-016238-bs1qk677 70 8 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 70 9 state state NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 70 10 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 70 11 being be VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 70 12 either either CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 70 13 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 70 14 or or CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 70 15 infectious infectious JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 70 16 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 70 17 randomly randomly RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 70 18 choose choose VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 70 19 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 70 20 cell cell NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 70 21 location location NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 70 22 to to TO cord-016238-bs1qk677 70 23 move move VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 70 24 to to IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 70 25 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 71 1 Ahmed Ahmed NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 71 2 et et NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 71 3 al al NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 71 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-016238-bs1qk677 71 5 2 2 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 71 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-016238-bs1qk677 71 7 model model NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 71 8 variations variation NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 71 9 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 71 10 population population NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 71 11 density density NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 71 12 by by IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 71 13 allowing allow VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 71 14 cyclic cyclic JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 71 15 host host NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 71 16 movement movement NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 71 17 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 72 1 Other other JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 72 2 approaches approach NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 72 3 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 72 4 modeling model VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 72 5 variable variable JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 72 6 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 72 7 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 72 8 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 72 9 population population NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 72 10 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 72 11 have have VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 72 12 been be VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 72 13 done do VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 72 14 by by IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 72 15 inducing induce VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 72 16 immunity immunity NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 72 17 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 72 18 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 72 19 population population NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 72 20 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 73 1 Ahmed Ahmed NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 73 2 et et NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 73 3 al al NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 74 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-016238-bs1qk677 74 2 1 1 LS cord-016238-bs1qk677 74 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-016238-bs1qk677 74 4 introduce introduce VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 74 5 incubation incubation NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 74 6 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 74 7 latency latency NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 74 8 time time NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 74 9 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 74 10 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 74 11 suggest suggest VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 74 12 that that IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 74 13 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 74 14 parameters parameter NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 74 15 have have VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 74 16 an an DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 74 17 accelerating accelerate VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 74 18 impact impact NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 74 19 on on IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 74 20 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 74 21 spread spread NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 74 22 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 74 23 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 74 24 disease disease NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 74 25 epidemic epidemic NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 74 26 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 75 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 75 2 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 75 3 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 75 4 underlying underlying JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 75 5 assumption assumption NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 75 6 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 75 7 spontaneous spontaneous JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 75 8 infection infection NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 75 9 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 75 10 individuals individual NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 75 11 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 76 1 Boccara Boccara NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 76 2 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 76 3 Cheong Cheong NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 76 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-016238-bs1qk677 76 5 6 6 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 76 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-016238-bs1qk677 76 7 concentrate concentrate VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 76 8 on on IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 76 9 SIR SIR NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 76 10 epidemic epidemic NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 76 11 models model NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 76 12 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 76 13 take take VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 76 14 into into IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 76 15 consideration consideration NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 76 16 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 76 17 fluctuation fluctuation NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 76 18 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 76 19 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 76 20 population population NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 76 21 by by IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 76 22 births birth NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 76 23 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 76 24 deaths death NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 76 25 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 76 26 exhibiting exhibit VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 76 27 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 76 28 cyclic cyclic JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 76 29 behavior behavior NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 76 30 with with IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 76 31 primary primary JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 76 32 emphasis emphasis NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 76 33 on on IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 76 34 moving move VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 76 35 individuals individual NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 76 36 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 77 1 Di Di NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 77 2 Stefano Stefano NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 77 3 et et FW cord-016238-bs1qk677 77 4 al al NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 77 5 [ [ -LRB- cord-016238-bs1qk677 77 6 8 8 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 77 7 ] ] -RRB- cord-016238-bs1qk677 77 8 have have VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 77 9 developed develop VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 77 10 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 77 11 lattice lattice NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 77 12 gas gas NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 77 13 cellular cellular JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 77 14 automata automata NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 77 15 model model NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 77 16 to to TO cord-016238-bs1qk677 77 17 analyze analyze VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 77 18 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 77 19 spread spread NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 77 20 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 77 21 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 77 22 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 77 23 infectious infectious JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 77 24 diseases disease NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 77 25 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 78 1 The the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 78 2 model model NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 78 3 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 78 4 based base VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 78 5 on on IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 78 6 individuals individual NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 78 7 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 78 8 where where WRB cord-016238-bs1qk677 78 9 individuals individual NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 78 10 can can MD cord-016238-bs1qk677 78 11 change change VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 78 12 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016238-bs1qk677 78 13 state state NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 78 14 independent independent JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 78 15 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 78 16 others other NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 78 17 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 78 18 can can MD cord-016238-bs1qk677 78 19 move move VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 78 20 from from IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 78 21 one one CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 78 22 cell cell NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 78 23 to to IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 78 24 other other JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 78 25 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 79 1 However however RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 79 2 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 79 3 this this DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 79 4 approach approach NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 79 5 does do VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 79 6 not not RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 79 7 consider consider VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 79 8 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 79 9 infection infection NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 79 10 time time NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 79 11 - - HYPH cord-016238-bs1qk677 79 12 line line NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 79 13 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 79 14 latency latency NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 79 15 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 79 16 incubation incubation NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 79 17 period period NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 79 18 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 79 19 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 79 20 recovery recovery NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 79 21 which which WDT cord-016238-bs1qk677 79 22 have have VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 79 23 been be VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 79 24 shown show VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 79 25 to to TO cord-016238-bs1qk677 79 26 be be VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 79 27 important important JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 79 28 to to TO cord-016238-bs1qk677 79 29 model model VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 79 30 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 79 31 disease disease NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 79 32 epidemic epidemic NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 79 33 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 80 1 In in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 80 2 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-016238-bs1qk677 80 3 model model NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 80 4 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 80 5 basic basic JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 80 6 unit unit NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 80 7 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 80 8 cellular cellular JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 80 9 automata automata NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 80 10 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 80 11 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 80 12 cell cell NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 80 13 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 80 14 which which WDT cord-016238-bs1qk677 80 15 may may MD cord-016238-bs1qk677 80 16 represent represent VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 80 17 an an DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 80 18 individual individual NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 80 19 or or CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 80 20 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 80 21 small small JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 80 22 sub sub NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 80 23 - - NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 80 24 population population NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 80 25 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 81 1 For for IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 81 2 each each DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 81 3 cell cell NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 81 4 we -PRON- PRP cord-016238-bs1qk677 81 5 use use VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 81 6 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 81 7 Moore Moore NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 81 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-016238-bs1qk677 81 9 8) 8) NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 81 10 neighborhood neighborhood NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 81 11 definition definition NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 81 12 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 82 1 Each each DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 82 2 cell cell NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 82 3 can can MD cord-016238-bs1qk677 82 4 be be VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 82 5 characterized characterize VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 82 6 with with IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 82 7 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-016238-bs1qk677 82 8 own own JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 82 9 probability probability NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 82 10 for for IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 82 11 risk risk NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 82 12 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 82 13 exposure exposure NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 82 14 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 82 15 probability probability NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 82 16 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 82 17 contracting contract VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 82 18 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 82 19 disease disease NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 82 20 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 82 21 state state NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 82 22 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 83 1 Unlike unlike IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 83 2 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 83 3 SIR SIR NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 83 4 model model NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 83 5 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 83 6 every every DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 83 7 cell cell NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 83 8 comes come VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 83 9 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 83 10 contact contact NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 83 11 with with IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 83 12 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 83 13 cells cell NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 83 14 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 83 15 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-016238-bs1qk677 83 16 defined define VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 83 17 neighborhood neighborhood NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 83 18 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 84 1 The the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 84 2 time time NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 84 3 - - HYPH cord-016238-bs1qk677 84 4 line line NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 84 5 for for IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 84 6 infection infection NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 84 7 that that WDT cord-016238-bs1qk677 84 8 we -PRON- PRP cord-016238-bs1qk677 84 9 consider consider VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 84 10 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 84 11 shown show VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 84 12 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 84 13 figure figure NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 84 14 3 3 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 84 15 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 85 1 However however RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 85 2 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 85 3 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 85 4 moore moore NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 85 5 neighborhood neighborhood NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 85 6 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 85 7 restricted restrict VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 85 8 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 85 9 modeling model VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 85 10 population population NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 85 11 demographics demographic NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 85 12 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 85 13 travel travel NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 85 14 patterns pattern NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 85 15 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 86 1 The the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 86 2 limitation limitation NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 86 3 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 86 4 eliminated eliminate VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 86 5 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 86 6 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 86 7 next next JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 86 8 version version NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 86 9 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 86 10 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 86 11 simulator simulator NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 86 12 with with IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 86 13 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 86 14 global global JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 86 15 neighborhood neighborhood NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 86 16 which which WDT cord-016238-bs1qk677 86 17 will will MD cord-016238-bs1qk677 86 18 be be VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 86 19 proposed propose VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 86 20 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 86 21 future future JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 86 22 publications publication NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 86 23 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 87 1 The the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 87 2 following following JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 87 3 sections section NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 87 4 discuss discuss VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 87 5 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 87 6 definitions definition NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 87 7 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 87 8 features feature VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 87 9 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 87 10 rules rule NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 87 11 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 87 12 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 87 13 model model NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 87 14 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 87 15 simulator simulator NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 87 16 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 88 1 In in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 88 2 order order NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 88 3 to to TO cord-016238-bs1qk677 88 4 understand understand VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 88 5 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 88 6 functioning functioning NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 88 7 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 88 8 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 88 9 simulator simulator NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 88 10 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 88 11 we -PRON- PRP cord-016238-bs1qk677 88 12 define define VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 88 13 definite definite JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 88 14 number number NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 88 15 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 88 16 states state NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 88 17 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 88 18 can can MD cord-016238-bs1qk677 88 19 exists exist VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 88 20 in in RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 88 21 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 88 22 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 88 23 define define VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 88 24 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 88 25 infectious infectious JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 88 26 time time NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 88 27 - - HYPH cord-016238-bs1qk677 88 28 line line NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 88 29 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 89 1 The the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 89 2 following follow VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 89 3 section section NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 89 4 describes describe VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 89 5 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 89 6 different different JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 89 7 states state NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 89 8 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 89 9 definitions definition NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 89 10 considered consider VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 89 11 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 89 12 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 89 13 model model NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 89 14 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 90 1 State State NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 90 2 'S 's NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 90 3 ' ' '' cord-016238-bs1qk677 90 4 for for IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 90 5 Susceptible susceptible JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 90 6 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 90 7 defined define VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 90 8 as as IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 90 9 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 90 10 state state NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 90 11 where where WRB cord-016238-bs1qk677 90 12 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 90 13 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 90 14 cell cell NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 90 15 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 90 16 capable capable JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 90 17 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 90 18 contracting contract VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 90 19 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 90 20 disease disease NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 90 21 from from IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 90 22 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-016238-bs1qk677 90 23 neighbors neighbor NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 90 24 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 91 1 In in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 91 2 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 91 3 infectious infectious JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 91 4 state state NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 91 5 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 91 6 ' ' '' cord-016238-bs1qk677 91 7 I -PRON- PRP cord-016238-bs1qk677 91 8 ' ' VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 91 9 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 91 10 cell cell NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 91 11 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 91 12 capable capable JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 91 13 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 91 14 passing pass VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 91 15 on on IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 91 16 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 91 17 infection infection NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 91 18 to to IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 91 19 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-016238-bs1qk677 91 20 neighbors neighbor NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 91 21 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 92 1 In in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 92 2 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 92 3 recovery recovery NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 92 4 state state NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 92 5 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 92 6 ' ' `` cord-016238-bs1qk677 92 7 R r NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 92 8 ' ' '' cord-016238-bs1qk677 92 9 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 92 10 cell cell NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 92 11 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 92 12 neither neither CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 92 13 capable capable JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 92 14 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 92 15 passing pass VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 92 16 on on IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 92 17 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 92 18 infection infection NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 92 19 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 92 20 nor nor CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 92 21 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 92 22 capable capable JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 92 23 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 92 24 contracting contract VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 92 25 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 92 26 infection infection NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 92 27 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 93 1 Infectivity infectivity NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 93 2 ψ ψ NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 93 3 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 93 4 at at IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 93 5 any any DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 93 6 given give VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 93 7 time time NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 93 8 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 93 9 defined define VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 93 10 as as IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 93 11 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 93 12 probability probability NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 93 13 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 93 14 an an DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 93 15 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 93 16 individual individual NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 93 17 to to TO cord-016238-bs1qk677 93 18 become become VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 93 19 infectious infectious JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 93 20 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 93 21 if if IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 93 22 it -PRON- PRP cord-016238-bs1qk677 93 23 has have VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 93 24 an an DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 93 25 infectious infectious JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 93 26 cell cell NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 93 27 as as IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 93 28 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 93 29 neighbor neighbor NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 93 30 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 94 1 Latency Latency NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 94 2 λ λ NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 94 3 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 94 4 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 94 5 defined define VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 94 6 as as IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 94 7 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 94 8 time time NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 94 9 period period NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 94 10 between between IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 94 11 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 94 12 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 94 13 cell cell NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 94 14 becoming become VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 94 15 infected infect VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 94 16 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 94 17 it -PRON- PRP cord-016238-bs1qk677 94 18 becoming become VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 94 19 infectious infectious JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 94 20 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 95 1 Infectious infectious JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 95 2 period period NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 95 3 θ θ NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 95 4 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 95 5 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 95 6 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 95 7 period period NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 95 8 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 95 9 time time NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 95 10 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 95 11 when when WRB cord-016238-bs1qk677 95 12 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 95 13 infected infected JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 95 14 cell cell NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 95 15 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 95 16 capable capable JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 95 17 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 95 18 spreading spread VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 95 19 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 95 20 disease disease NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 95 21 to to IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 95 22 other other JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 95 23 cells cell NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 95 24 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 96 1 Recovery recovery NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 96 2 period period NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 96 3 ρ ρ NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 96 4 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 96 5 defined define VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 96 6 as as IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 96 7 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 96 8 time time NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 96 9 period period NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 96 10 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 96 11 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 96 12 cell cell NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 96 13 takes take VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 96 14 to to TO cord-016238-bs1qk677 96 15 recover recover VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 96 16 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 96 17 wherein wherein WRB cord-016238-bs1qk677 96 18 it -PRON- PRP cord-016238-bs1qk677 96 19 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 96 20 neither neither CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 96 21 capable capable JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 96 22 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 96 23 passing pass VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 96 24 on on IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 96 25 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 96 26 infection infection NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 96 27 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 96 28 nor nor CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 96 29 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 96 30 capable capable JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 96 31 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 96 32 catching catch VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 96 33 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 96 34 infection infection NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 96 35 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 97 1 The the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 97 2 following following JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 97 3 rules rule NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 97 4 are be VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 97 5 applied apply VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 97 6 to to IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 97 7 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 97 8 CA CA NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 97 9 for for IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 97 10 simulating simulate VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 97 11 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 97 12 spread spread NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 97 13 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 97 14 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 97 15 disease disease NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 97 16 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 98 1 The the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 98 2 rules rule NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 98 3 describe describe VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 98 4 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 98 5 state state NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 98 6 transitions transition NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 98 7 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 98 8 individual individual JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 98 9 cells cell NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 98 10 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 99 1 with with IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 99 2 an an DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 99 3 infected infected JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 99 4 cell cell NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 99 5 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 99 6 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-016238-bs1qk677 99 7 defined define VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 99 8 neighborhood neighborhood NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 99 9 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 100 1 The the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 100 2 cell cell NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 100 3 acquires acquire VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 100 4 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 100 5 disease disease NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 100 6 from from IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 100 7 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 100 8 infected infect VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 100 9 neighbor neighbor NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 100 10 based base VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 100 11 on on IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 100 12 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 100 13 probability probability NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 100 14 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 100 15 given give VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 100 16 by by IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 100 17 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 100 18 parameter parameter NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 100 19 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 100 20 infectivity infectivity NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 100 21 ψ ψ NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 100 22 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 101 1 The the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 101 2 cell cell NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 101 3 remains remain VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 101 4 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 101 5 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 101 6 latent latent JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 101 7 state state NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 101 8 for for IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 101 9 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 101 10 number number NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 101 11 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 101 12 time time NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 101 13 steps step NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 101 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-016238-bs1qk677 101 15 updates update NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 101 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-016238-bs1qk677 101 17 as as IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 101 18 defined define VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 101 19 by by IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 101 20 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 101 21 parameter parameter NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 101 22 latency latency NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 101 23 λ λ NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 101 24 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 102 1 2 2 LS cord-016238-bs1qk677 102 2 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 103 1 The the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 103 2 state state NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 103 3 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 103 4 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 103 5 cell cell NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 103 6 changes change NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 103 7 from from IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 103 8 latent latent JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 103 9 L l NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 103 10 to to TO cord-016238-bs1qk677 103 11 infectious infectious JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 103 12 I -PRON- PRP cord-016238-bs1qk677 103 13 after after IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 103 14 being be VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 103 15 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 103 16 state state NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 103 17 L l NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 103 18 for for IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 103 19 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 103 20 given give VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 103 21 λ λ NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 103 22 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 104 1 In in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 104 2 this this DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 104 3 model model NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 104 4 we -PRON- PRP cord-016238-bs1qk677 104 5 assume assume VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 104 6 for for IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 104 7 simplicity simplicity NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 104 8 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 104 9 that that IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 104 10 every every DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 104 11 cell cell NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 104 12 exposed expose VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 104 13 to to IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 104 14 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 104 15 pathogen pathogen NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 104 16 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 104 17 will will MD cord-016238-bs1qk677 104 18 become become VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 104 19 infectious infectious JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 104 20 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 105 1 In in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 105 2 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 105 3 state state NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 105 4 I -PRON- PRP cord-016238-bs1qk677 105 5 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 105 6 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 105 7 cells cell NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 105 8 are be VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 105 9 capable capable JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 105 10 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 105 11 passing pass VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 105 12 on on IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 105 13 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 105 14 infection infection NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 105 15 to to IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 105 16 neighborhood neighborhood NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 105 17 cells cell NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 105 18 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 106 1 For for IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 106 2 example example NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 106 3 if if IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 106 4 for for IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 106 5 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 106 6 disease disease NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 106 7 D d NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 106 8 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 106 9 λ= λ= JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 106 10 2 2 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 106 11 units unit NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 106 12 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 106 13 then then RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 106 14 after after IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 106 15 two two CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 106 16 time time NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 106 17 steps step VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 106 18 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 106 19 cell cell NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 106 20 will will MD cord-016238-bs1qk677 106 21 enter enter VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 106 22 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 106 23 infectious infectious JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 106 24 state state NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 106 25 I. i. NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 106 26 3 3 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 106 27 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 107 1 After after IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 107 2 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 107 3 time time NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 107 4 period period NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 107 5 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 107 6 defined define VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 107 7 by by IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 107 8 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 107 9 infectious infectious JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 107 10 period period NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 107 11 θ θ NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 107 12 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 107 13 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 107 14 state state NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 107 15 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 107 16 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 107 17 cell cell NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 107 18 changes change NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 107 19 from from IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 107 20 infectious infectious JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 107 21 I -PRON- PRP cord-016238-bs1qk677 107 22 to to TO cord-016238-bs1qk677 107 23 recovered recover VBD cord-016238-bs1qk677 107 24 or or CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 107 25 removed remove VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 107 26 R. R. NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 108 1 Once once IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 108 2 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 108 3 cells cell NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 108 4 enter enter VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 108 5 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 108 6 state state NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 108 7 R r NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 108 8 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 108 9 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 108 10 cell cell NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 108 11 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 108 12 no no DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 108 13 more more RBR cord-016238-bs1qk677 108 14 capable capable JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 108 15 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 108 16 passing pass VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 108 17 on on IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 108 18 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 108 19 infection infection NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 108 20 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 109 1 4 4 LS cord-016238-bs1qk677 109 2 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 110 1 From from IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 110 2 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 110 3 state state NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 110 4 R r NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 110 5 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 110 6 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 110 7 cell cell NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 110 8 's 's POS cord-016238-bs1qk677 110 9 state state NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 110 10 changes change VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 110 11 back back RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 110 12 to to IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 110 13 either either CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 110 14 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 110 15 S s NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 111 1 or or CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 111 2 it -PRON- PRP cord-016238-bs1qk677 111 3 remain remain VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 111 4 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 111 5 state state NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 111 6 R r NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 111 7 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 111 8 signifying signify VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 111 9 complete complete JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 111 10 immunity immunity NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 111 11 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 112 1 The the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 112 2 ' ' `` cord-016238-bs1qk677 112 3 healing healing NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 112 4 mode mode NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 112 5 ' ' '' cord-016238-bs1qk677 112 6 turned turn VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 112 7 on on RP cord-016238-bs1qk677 112 8 determines determine VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 112 9 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 112 10 transition transition NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 112 11 from from IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 112 12 state state NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 112 13 R r NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 112 14 to to IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 112 15 state state NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 112 16 S S NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 112 17 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 112 18 vice vice NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 112 19 versa versa RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 112 20 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 113 1 While while IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 113 2 modeling model VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 113 3 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 113 4 disease disease NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 113 5 epidemic epidemic NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 113 6 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 113 7 few few JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 113 8 parameters parameter NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 113 9 that that WDT cord-016238-bs1qk677 113 10 are be VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 113 11 considered consider VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 113 12 important important JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 113 13 are be VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 113 14 neighborhood neighborhood NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 113 15 radius radius NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 113 16 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 113 17 contact contact NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 113 18 between between IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 113 19 individuals individual NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 113 20 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 113 21 infection infection NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 113 22 probability probability NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 113 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-016238-bs1qk677 113 24 variable variable JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 113 25 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 113 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-016238-bs1qk677 113 27 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 113 28 immunity immunity NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 113 29 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 113 30 latency latency NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 113 31 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 113 32 infectious infectious JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 113 33 period period NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 113 34 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 113 35 recovery recovery NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 113 36 period period NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 113 37 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 114 1 The the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 114 2 simulator simulator NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 114 3 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 114 4 highly highly RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 114 5 parameterized parameterize VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 114 6 to to TO cord-016238-bs1qk677 114 7 let let VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 114 8 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 114 9 user user NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 114 10 change change NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 114 11 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 114 12 modify modify VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 114 13 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 114 14 above above JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 114 15 parameters parameter NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 114 16 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 115 1 The the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 115 2 neighborhood neighborhood NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 115 3 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 115 4 every every DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 115 5 cell cell NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 115 6 can can MD cord-016238-bs1qk677 115 7 be be VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 115 8 changed change VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 115 9 from from IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 115 10 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 115 11 8 8 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 115 12 neighborhood neighborhood NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 115 13 to to IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 115 14 4 4 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 115 15 neighborhood neighborhood NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 115 16 depending depend VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 115 17 on on IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 115 18 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 115 19 region region NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 115 20 being be VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 115 21 simulated simulate VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 115 22 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 115 23 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 115 24 contacts contact NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 115 25 among among IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 115 26 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 115 27 individuals individual NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 115 28 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 115 29 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 115 30 region region NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 115 31 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 116 1 As as IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 116 2 mentioned mention VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 116 3 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 116 4 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 116 5 infection infection NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 116 6 probability probability NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 116 7 represented represent VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 116 8 as as IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 116 9 infectivity infectivity NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 116 10 ψ ψ NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 116 11 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 116 12 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 116 13 significant significant JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 116 14 parameter parameter NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 116 15 for for IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 116 16 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 116 17 spread spread NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 116 18 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 116 19 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 116 20 disease disease NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 116 21 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 117 1 In in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 117 2 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 117 3 case case NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 117 4 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 117 5 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-016238-bs1qk677 117 6 model model NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 117 7 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 117 8 ψ ψ NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 117 9 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 117 10 based base VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 117 11 on on IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 117 12 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 117 13 virulence virulence NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 117 14 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 117 15 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 117 16 disease disease NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 117 17 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 117 18 contact contact NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 117 19 rate rate NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 117 20 among among IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 117 21 individuals individual NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 117 22 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 118 1 For for IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 118 2 some some DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 118 3 diseases disease NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 118 4 individuals individual NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 118 5 attain attain VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 118 6 lifetime lifetime NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 118 7 immunity immunity NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 118 8 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 118 9 after after IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 118 10 being be VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 118 11 infected infect VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 118 12 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 118 13 while while IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 118 14 for for IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 118 15 disease disease NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 118 16 like like IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 118 17 common common JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 118 18 cold cold NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 118 19 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 118 20 individuals individual NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 118 21 attain attain VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 118 22 temporary temporary JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 118 23 immunity immunity NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 118 24 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 119 1 Thus thus RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 119 2 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 119 3 to to TO cord-016238-bs1qk677 119 4 take take VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 119 5 this this DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 119 6 fact fact NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 119 7 into into IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 119 8 consideration consideration NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 119 9 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 119 10 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 119 11 simulator simulator NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 119 12 has have VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 119 13 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 119 14 feature feature NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 119 15 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 119 16 healing healing NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 119 17 mode mode NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 119 18 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 120 1 With with IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 120 2 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 120 3 healing healing NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 120 4 mode mode NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 120 5 enabled enable VBD cord-016238-bs1qk677 120 6 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 120 7 simulation simulation NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 120 8 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 120 9 executed execute VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 120 10 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 120 11 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 120 12 mode mode NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 120 13 that that WDT cord-016238-bs1qk677 120 14 forces force VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 120 15 cells cell VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 120 16 to to TO cord-016238-bs1qk677 120 17 turn turn VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 120 18 into into IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 120 19 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 120 20 after after IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 120 21 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 120 22 recovery recovery NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 120 23 state state NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 120 24 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 120 25 with with IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 120 26 healing healing NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 120 27 turned turn VBD cord-016238-bs1qk677 120 28 off off RP cord-016238-bs1qk677 120 29 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 120 30 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 120 31 cell cell NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 120 32 attains attain VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 120 33 complete complete JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 120 34 lifetime lifetime NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 120 35 immunity immunity NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 120 36 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 121 1 As as IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 121 2 mentioned mention VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 121 3 above above RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 121 4 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 121 5 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 121 6 infection infection NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 121 7 time time NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 121 8 - - HYPH cord-016238-bs1qk677 121 9 line line NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 121 10 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 121 11 also also RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 121 12 an an DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 121 13 important important JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 121 14 factor factor NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 121 15 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 121 16 modeling model VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 121 17 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 121 18 disease disease NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 121 19 epidemic epidemic NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 121 20 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 122 1 Thus thus RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 122 2 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 122 3 time time NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 122 4 periods period NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 122 5 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 122 6 latency latency NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 122 7 λ λ NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 122 8 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 122 9 infectious infectious JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 122 10 θ θ NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 122 11 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 122 12 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 122 13 recovery recovery NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 122 14 ρ ρ NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 122 15 are be VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 122 16 all all DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 122 17 expressed express VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 122 18 as as IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 122 19 time time NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 122 20 units unit NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 122 21 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 122 22 for for IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 122 23 example example NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 122 24 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 122 25 latency latency NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 122 26 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 122 27 two two CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 122 28 days day NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 122 29 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 122 30 can can MD cord-016238-bs1qk677 122 31 be be VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 122 32 represented represent VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 122 33 as as IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 122 34 λ=2 λ=2 IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 122 35 units unit NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 122 36 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 123 1 The the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 123 2 simulator simulator NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 123 3 allows allow VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 123 4 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 123 5 user user NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 123 6 step step NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 123 7 through through IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 123 8 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 123 9 simulation simulation NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 123 10 at at IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 123 11 each each DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 123 12 time time NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 123 13 step step NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 123 14 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 123 15 or or CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 123 16 execute execute VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 123 17 it -PRON- PRP cord-016238-bs1qk677 123 18 continuously continuously RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 123 19 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 124 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-016238-bs1qk677 124 2 will will MD cord-016238-bs1qk677 124 3 see see VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 124 4 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 124 5 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 124 6 next next JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 124 7 section section NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 124 8 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 124 9 how how WRB cord-016238-bs1qk677 124 10 changing change VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 124 11 these these DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 124 12 parameters parameter NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 124 13 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 124 14 can can MD cord-016238-bs1qk677 124 15 change change VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 124 16 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 124 17 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 124 18 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 124 19 spread spread NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 124 20 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 124 21 diseases disease NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 124 22 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 125 1 An an DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 125 2 epidemic epidemic NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 125 3 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 125 4 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 125 5 severe severe JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 125 6 outbreak outbreak NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 125 7 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 125 8 an an DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 125 9 infectious infectious JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 125 10 disease disease NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 125 11 which which WDT cord-016238-bs1qk677 125 12 spreads spread VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 125 13 rapidly rapidly RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 125 14 to to IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 125 15 many many JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 125 16 people people NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 125 17 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 126 1 For for IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 126 2 example example NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 126 3 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 126 4 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 126 5 occurrence occurrence NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 126 6 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 126 7 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 126 8 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 126 9 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 126 10 region region NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 126 11 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 126 12 considered consider VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 126 13 as as IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 126 14 an an DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 126 15 epidemic epidemic NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 126 16 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 127 1 When when WRB cord-016238-bs1qk677 127 2 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 127 3 disease disease NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 127 4 spreads spread VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 127 5 to to IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 127 6 larger large JJR cord-016238-bs1qk677 127 7 geographic geographic JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 127 8 regions region NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 127 9 or or CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 127 10 throughout throughout IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 127 11 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 127 12 world world NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 127 13 it -PRON- PRP cord-016238-bs1qk677 127 14 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 127 15 known know VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 127 16 as as IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 127 17 pandemic pandemic NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 127 18 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 128 1 Moving move VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 128 2 along along IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 128 3 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 128 4 same same JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 128 5 direction direction NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 128 6 an an DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 128 7 endemic endemic JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 128 8 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 128 9 defined define VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 128 10 as as IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 128 11 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 128 12 disease disease NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 128 13 that that WDT cord-016238-bs1qk677 128 14 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 128 15 always always RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 128 16 present present JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 128 17 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 128 18 certain certain JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 128 19 group group NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 128 20 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 128 21 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 128 22 population population NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 128 23 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 129 1 Using use VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 129 2 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-016238-bs1qk677 129 3 model model NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 129 4 we -PRON- PRP cord-016238-bs1qk677 129 5 show show VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 129 6 both both CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 129 7 an an DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 129 8 epidemic epidemic NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 129 9 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 129 10 endemic endemic JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 129 11 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 130 1 An an DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 130 2 epidemic epidemic NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 130 3 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 130 4 characterized characterize VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 130 5 by by IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 130 6 an an DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 130 7 exponential exponential JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 130 8 growth growth NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 130 9 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 130 10 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 130 11 infected infect VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 130 12 individuals individual NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 130 13 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 130 14 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 130 15 population population NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 130 16 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 131 1 In in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 131 2 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 131 3 case case NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 131 4 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 131 5 an an DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 131 6 endemic endemic JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 131 7 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 131 8 number number NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 131 9 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 131 10 infected infected JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 131 11 individuals individual NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 131 12 fluctuates fluctuate VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 131 13 around around IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 131 14 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 131 15 mean mean NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 131 16 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 131 17 there there EX cord-016238-bs1qk677 131 18 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 131 19 no no DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 131 20 exponential exponential JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 131 21 growth growth NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 131 22 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 132 1 Experiments experiment NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 132 2 were be VBD cord-016238-bs1qk677 132 3 conducted conduct VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 132 4 on on IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 132 5 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 132 6 140 140 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 132 7 by by IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 132 8 140 140 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 132 9 grid grid NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 132 10 cellular cellular JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 132 11 automata automata NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 132 12 with with IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 132 13 different different JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 132 14 values value NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 132 15 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 132 16 ψ ψ NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 132 17 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 132 18 λ λ NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 132 19 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 132 20 θ θ NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 132 21 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 133 1 The the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 133 2 results result NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 133 3 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 133 4 this this DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 133 5 section section NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 133 6 represent represent VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 133 7 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 133 8 mean mean NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 133 9 over over IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 133 10 multiple multiple JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 133 11 random random JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 133 12 experiments experiment NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 133 13 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 133 14 different different JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 133 15 random random JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 133 16 graphs graph NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 133 17 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 133 18 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 133 19 same same JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 133 20 type type NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 133 21 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 134 1 The the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 134 2 analysis analysis NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 134 3 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 134 4 results result NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 134 5 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 134 6 this this DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 134 7 section section NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 134 8 have have VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 134 9 been be VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 134 10 conducted conduct VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 134 11 with with IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 134 12 reference reference NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 134 13 to to IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 134 14 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 134 15 above above JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 134 16 definitions definition NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 134 17 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 135 1 As as IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 135 2 mentioned mention VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 135 3 earlier early RBR cord-016238-bs1qk677 135 4 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 135 5 ψ ψ NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 135 6 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 135 7 an an DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 135 8 important important JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 135 9 factor factor NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 135 10 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 135 11 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 135 12 analysis analysis NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 135 13 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 135 14 spread spread NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 135 15 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 135 16 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 135 17 disease disease NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 135 18 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 136 1 Figure figure NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 136 2 4 4 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 136 3 _SP cord-016238-bs1qk677 136 4 Vaccination Vaccination NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 136 5 has have VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 136 6 contributed contribute VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 136 7 significantly significantly RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 136 8 towards towards IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 136 9 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 136 10 eradication eradication NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 136 11 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 136 12 reduction reduction NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 136 13 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 136 14 effect effect NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 136 15 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 136 16 many many JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 136 17 infectious infectious JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 136 18 diseases disease NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 136 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-016238-bs1qk677 136 20 7 7 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 136 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-016238-bs1qk677 136 22 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 137 1 The the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 137 2 following follow VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 137 3 experiments experiment NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 137 4 were be VBD cord-016238-bs1qk677 137 5 con- con- NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 137 6 on on IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 137 7 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 137 8 simulator simulator NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 137 9 by by IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 137 10 vaccinating vaccinate VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 137 11 about about IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 137 12 5 5 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 137 13 % % NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 137 14 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 137 15 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 137 16 population population NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 137 17 at at IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 137 18 random random JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 137 19 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 137 20 infecting infect VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 137 21 few few JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 137 22 cells cell NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 137 23 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 138 1 Figure figure NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 138 2 5(b 5(b CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 138 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-016238-bs1qk677 138 4 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 138 5 shows show VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 138 6 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 138 7 growth growth NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 138 8 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 138 9 infected infected JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 138 10 individuals individual NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 138 11 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 138 12 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 138 13 vaccinated vaccinated JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 138 14 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 138 15 non non JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 138 16 vaccinated vaccinated JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 138 17 population population NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 138 18 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 139 1 Figure figure NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 139 2 5 5 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 140 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-016238-bs1qk677 140 2 b b NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 140 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-016238-bs1qk677 140 4 depicts depict VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 140 5 that that IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 140 6 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 140 7 growth growth NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 140 8 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 140 9 infected infected JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 140 10 individuals individual NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 140 11 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 140 12 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 140 13 population population NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 140 14 with with IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 140 15 only only RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 140 16 5 5 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 140 17 % % NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 140 18 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 140 19 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 140 20 population population NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 140 21 vaccinated vaccinate VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 140 22 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 140 23 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 140 24 considerably considerably RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 140 25 less less JJR cord-016238-bs1qk677 140 26 as as IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 140 27 compared compare VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 140 28 to to IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 140 29 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 140 30 growth growth NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 140 31 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 140 32 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 140 33 non non JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 140 34 - - JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 140 35 vaccinated vaccinated JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 140 36 population population NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 140 37 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 141 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-016238-bs1qk677 141 2 study study VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 141 3 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 141 4 effects effect NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 141 5 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 141 6 spatial spatial JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 141 7 distribution distribution NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 141 8 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 141 9 population population NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 141 10 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 141 11 by by IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 141 12 vaccinating vaccinate VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 141 13 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 141 14 part part NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 141 15 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 141 16 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 141 17 population population NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 141 18 using use VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 141 19 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 141 20 random random JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 141 21 vaccination vaccination NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 141 22 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 141 23 ring ring NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 141 24 vaccination vaccination NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 141 25 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 142 1 Every every DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 142 2 time time NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 142 3 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 142 4 new new JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 142 5 vaccine vaccine NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 142 6 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 142 7 discovered discover VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 142 8 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 142 9 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 142 10 question question NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 142 11 arises arise VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 142 12 as as IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 142 13 to to IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 142 14 how how WRB cord-016238-bs1qk677 142 15 should should MD cord-016238-bs1qk677 142 16 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 142 17 vaccine vaccine NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 142 18 be be VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 142 19 distributed distribute VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 142 20 to to TO cord-016238-bs1qk677 142 21 minimize minimize VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 142 22 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 142 23 spread spread NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 142 24 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 142 25 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 142 26 disease disease NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 142 27 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 142 28 maximize maximize VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 142 29 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 142 30 effect effect NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 142 31 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 142 32 vaccination vaccination NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 142 33 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 143 1 Thus thus RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 143 2 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 143 3 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 143 4 this this DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 143 5 experiment experiment NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 143 6 we -PRON- PRP cord-016238-bs1qk677 143 7 compare compare VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 143 8 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 143 9 random random JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 143 10 vaccination vaccination NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 143 11 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 143 12 which which WDT cord-016238-bs1qk677 143 13 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 143 14 also also RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 143 15 known know VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 143 16 as as IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 143 17 uniform uniform JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 143 18 strategy strategy NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 143 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-016238-bs1qk677 143 20 9 9 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 143 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-016238-bs1qk677 143 22 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 143 23 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 143 24 ring ring NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 143 25 vaccination vaccination NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 143 26 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 144 1 The the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 144 2 doses dose NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 144 3 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 144 4 vaccine vaccine NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 144 5 available available JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 144 6 at at IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 144 7 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-016238-bs1qk677 144 8 disposal disposal NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 144 9 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 144 10 often often RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 144 11 limited limit VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 144 12 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 144 13 thus thus RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 144 14 for for IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 144 15 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 144 16 purpose purpose NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 144 17 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 144 18 experiment experiment NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 144 19 we -PRON- PRP cord-016238-bs1qk677 144 20 consider consider VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 144 21 N n CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 144 22 doses dose NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 144 23 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 144 24 vaccine vaccine NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 144 25 to to TO cord-016238-bs1qk677 144 26 be be VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 144 27 available available JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 144 28 to to TO cord-016238-bs1qk677 144 29 vaccinate vaccinate VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 144 30 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 144 31 population population NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 144 32 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 144 33 where where WRB cord-016238-bs1qk677 144 34 N n CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 144 35 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 144 36 about about RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 144 37 5 5 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 144 38 % % NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 144 39 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 144 40 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 144 41 population population NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 144 42 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 145 1 In in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 145 2 random random JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 145 3 vaccination vaccination NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 145 4 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 145 5 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 145 6 N n CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 145 7 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 145 8 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 145 9 are be VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 145 10 randomly randomly RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 145 11 distributed distribute VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 145 12 to to IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 145 13 individuals individual NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 145 14 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 145 15 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 145 16 population population NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 145 17 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 145 18 independent independent JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 145 19 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 145 20 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 145 21 other other JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 145 22 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 146 1 In in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 146 2 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 146 3 ring ring NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 146 4 vaccination vaccination NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 146 5 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 146 6 individuals individual NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 146 7 are be VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 146 8 vaccinated vaccinate VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 146 9 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 146 10 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 146 11 ring ring NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 146 12 surrounding surround VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 146 13 an an DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 146 14 area area NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 146 15 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 147 1 The the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 147 2 thickness thickness NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 147 3 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 147 4 circumference circumference NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 147 5 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 147 6 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 147 7 ring ring NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 147 8 depends depend VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 147 9 on on IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 147 10 N. n. NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 148 1 As as IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 148 2 Figure figure NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 148 3 6 6 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 148 4 shows show NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 148 5 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 148 6 using use VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 148 7 random random JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 148 8 vaccination vaccination NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 149 1 many many JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 149 2 more more JJR cord-016238-bs1qk677 149 3 individuals individual NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 149 4 are be VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 149 5 infected infect VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 149 6 as as IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 149 7 compared compare VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 149 8 to to IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 149 9 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 149 10 ring ring NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 149 11 vaccination vaccination NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 149 12 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 150 1 This this DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 150 2 experiment experiment NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 150 3 validates validate VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 150 4 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 150 5 result result NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 150 6 shown show VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 150 7 by by IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 150 8 Fukś Fukś NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 150 9 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 150 10 Lawniczak Lawniczak NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 150 11 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 150 12 [ [ -LRB- cord-016238-bs1qk677 150 13 9 9 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 150 14 ] ] -RRB- cord-016238-bs1qk677 150 15 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 151 1 The the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 151 2 previous previous JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 151 3 model model NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 151 4 described describe VBD cord-016238-bs1qk677 151 5 poses pose VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 151 6 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 151 7 limitation limitation NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 151 8 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 151 9 neighborhood neighborhood NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 151 10 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 152 1 The the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 152 2 model model NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 152 3 considers consider VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 152 4 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 152 5 neighborhood neighborhood NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 152 6 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 152 7 8 8 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 152 8 cells cell NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 152 9 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 152 10 because because IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 152 11 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 152 12 which which WDT cord-016238-bs1qk677 152 13 after after IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 152 14 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 152 15 time time NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 152 16 period period NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 152 17 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 152 18 number number NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 152 19 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 152 20 susceptibles susceptible NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 152 21 reduce reduce VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 152 22 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 152 23 saturate saturate VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 152 24 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 152 25 neighborhood neighborhood NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 152 26 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 153 1 In in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 153 2 such such PDT cord-016238-bs1qk677 153 3 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 153 4 situation situation NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 153 5 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 153 6 variance variance NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 153 7 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 153 8 infectivity infectivity NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 153 9 parameter parameter NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 153 10 plays play VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 153 11 no no DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 153 12 role role NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 153 13 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 153 14 has have VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 153 15 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 153 16 same same JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 153 17 effect effect NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 153 18 on on IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 153 19 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 153 20 spread spread NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 153 21 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 153 22 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 153 23 disease disease NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 153 24 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 154 1 Also also RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 154 2 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 154 3 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 154 4 need need NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 154 5 to to TO cord-016238-bs1qk677 154 6 simulate simulate VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 154 7 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 154 8 disease disease NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 154 9 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 154 10 where where WRB cord-016238-bs1qk677 154 11 an an DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 154 12 infective infective NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 154 13 can can MD cord-016238-bs1qk677 154 14 spread spread VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 154 15 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 154 16 disease disease NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 154 17 to to IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 154 18 twelve twelve CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 154 19 other other JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 154 20 individuals individual NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 154 21 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 154 22 one one CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 154 23 time time NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 154 24 step step NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 154 25 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 154 26 will will MD cord-016238-bs1qk677 154 27 not not RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 154 28 be be VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 154 29 possible possible JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 154 30 to to TO cord-016238-bs1qk677 154 31 simulate simulate VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 154 32 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 155 1 Another another DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 155 2 important important JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 155 3 issue issue NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 155 4 to to TO cord-016238-bs1qk677 155 5 note note VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 155 6 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 155 7 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 155 8 movement movement NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 155 9 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 155 10 people people NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 155 11 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 155 12 migration migration NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 155 13 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 155 14 or or CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 155 15 travel travel NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 155 16 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 155 17 not not RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 155 18 considered consider VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 155 19 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 156 1 Some some DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 156 2 models model NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 156 3 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 156 4 we -PRON- PRP cord-016238-bs1qk677 156 5 saw see VBD cord-016238-bs1qk677 156 6 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 156 7 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 156 8 previous previous JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 156 9 section section NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 156 10 deal deal NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 156 11 with with IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 156 12 movement movement NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 156 13 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 156 14 individuals individual NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 156 15 from from IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 156 16 one one CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 156 17 cell cell NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 156 18 to to IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 156 19 another another DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 156 20 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 156 21 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 156 22 defined define VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 156 23 neighborhood neighborhood NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 156 24 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 156 25 where where WRB cord-016238-bs1qk677 156 26 again again RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 156 27 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 156 28 neighborhood neighborhood NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 156 29 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 156 30 restricted restrict VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 156 31 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 157 1 The the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 157 2 saturation saturation NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 157 3 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 157 4 neighborhood neighborhood NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 157 5 occurs occur VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 157 6 due due IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 157 7 to to IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 157 8 overlapping overlap VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 157 9 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 157 10 neighborhood neighborhood NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 157 11 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 157 12 when when WRB cord-016238-bs1qk677 157 13 more more JJR cord-016238-bs1qk677 157 14 than than IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 157 15 one one CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 157 16 cell cell NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 157 17 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 157 18 infected infect VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 157 19 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 157 20 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 157 21 neighborhood neighborhood NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 157 22 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 158 1 Cells cell NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 158 2 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 158 3 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 158 4 neighborhood neighborhood NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 158 5 may may MD cord-016238-bs1qk677 158 6 get get VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 158 7 infected infect VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 158 8 more more JJR cord-016238-bs1qk677 158 9 than than IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 158 10 once once RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 158 11 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 158 12 one one CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 158 13 time time NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 158 14 unit unit NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 158 15 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 159 1 The the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 159 2 Geo Geo NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 159 3 - - HYPH cord-016238-bs1qk677 159 4 spatial spatial JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 159 5 model model NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 159 6 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 159 7 designed design VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 159 8 for for IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 159 9 simulating simulate VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 159 10 global global JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 159 11 outbreak outbreak NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 159 12 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 159 13 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 159 14 disease disease NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 159 15 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 159 16 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 159 17 environment environment NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 159 18 with with IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 159 19 global global JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 159 20 interaction interaction NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 159 21 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 160 1 Even even RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 160 2 for for IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 160 3 this this DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 160 4 model model NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 160 5 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 160 6 basic basic JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 160 7 unit unit NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 160 8 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 160 9 CA CA NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 160 10 " " '' cord-016238-bs1qk677 160 11 saturation.txt saturation.txt . cord-016238-bs1qk677 160 12 " " '' cord-016238-bs1qk677 160 13 using use VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 160 14 1 1 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 160 15 " " `` cord-016238-bs1qk677 160 16 saturation.txt saturation.txt : cord-016238-bs1qk677 160 17 " " '' cord-016238-bs1qk677 160 18 using use VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 160 19 2 2 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 160 20 " " `` cord-016238-bs1qk677 160 21 saturation.txt saturation.txt : cord-016238-bs1qk677 160 22 " " '' cord-016238-bs1qk677 160 23 using use VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 160 24 3 3 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 160 25 " " `` cord-016238-bs1qk677 160 26 saturation.txt saturation.txt : cord-016238-bs1qk677 160 27 " " '' cord-016238-bs1qk677 160 28 using use VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 160 29 4 4 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 160 30 " " `` cord-016238-bs1qk677 160 31 saturation.txt saturation.txt : cord-016238-bs1qk677 160 32 " " '' cord-016238-bs1qk677 160 33 using use VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 160 34 5 5 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 160 35 Fig Fig NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 160 36 . . NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 160 37 7 7 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 160 38 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 161 1 Represents represent VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 161 2 saturation saturation NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 161 3 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 161 4 neighborhood neighborhood NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 161 5 ψ ψ NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 161 6 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 161 7 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 161 8 cell cell NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 161 9 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 161 10 which which WDT cord-016238-bs1qk677 161 11 represents represent VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 161 12 an an DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 161 13 individual individual NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 161 14 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 162 1 The the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 162 2 neighborhood neighborhood NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 162 3 as as IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 162 4 defined define VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 162 5 for for IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 162 6 this this DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 162 7 model model NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 162 8 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 162 9 global global JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 162 10 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 162 11 where where WRB cord-016238-bs1qk677 162 12 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 162 13 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 162 14 region region NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 162 15 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 162 16 n n NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 162 17 cells cell NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 162 18 every every DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 162 19 cell cell NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 162 20 has have VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 162 21 n-1 n-1 NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 162 22 neighbors neighbor NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 162 23 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 163 1 For for IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 163 2 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 163 3 functioning functioning NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 163 4 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 163 5 this this DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 163 6 model model NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 163 7 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 163 8 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 163 9 definitions definition NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 163 10 for for IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 163 11 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 163 12 states state NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 163 13 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 163 14 cell cell NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 163 15 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 163 16 parameters parameter NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 163 17 for for IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 163 18 simulation simulation NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 163 19 are be VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 163 20 same same JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 163 21 as as IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 163 22 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 163 23 ones one NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 163 24 for for IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 163 25 SIR SIR NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 163 26 model model NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 163 27 discussed discuss VBD cord-016238-bs1qk677 163 28 earlier early RBR cord-016238-bs1qk677 163 29 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 164 1 This this DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 164 2 model model NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 164 3 has have VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 164 4 an an DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 164 5 additional additional JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 164 6 parameter parameter NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 164 7 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 164 8 contact contact NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 164 9 rate rate NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 164 10 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 164 11 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 164 12 definition definition NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 164 13 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 164 14 as as IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 164 15 follows follow VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 164 16 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 165 1 Contact contact NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 165 2 rate rate NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 165 3 parameter parameter NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 165 4 defines define VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 165 5 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 165 6 number number NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 165 7 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 165 8 contacts contact NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 165 9 made make VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 165 10 by by IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 165 11 an an DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 165 12 individual individual JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 165 13 per per IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 165 14 time time NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 165 15 unit unit NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 165 16 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 166 1 Instead instead RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 166 2 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 166 3 having have VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 166 4 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 166 5 same same JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 166 6 contact contact NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 166 7 rate rate NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 166 8 parameter parameter NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 166 9 for for IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 166 10 every every DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 166 11 cell cell NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 166 12 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 166 13 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 166 14 lattice lattice NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 166 15 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 166 16 for for IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 166 17 simulation simulation NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 166 18 purposes purpose NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 166 19 this this DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 166 20 parameter parameter NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 166 21 has have VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 166 22 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 166 23 Poisson Poisson NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 166 24 distribution distribution NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 166 25 over over IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 166 26 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 166 27 cells cell NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 166 28 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 167 1 The the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 167 2 simulation simulation NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 167 3 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 167 4 spread spread NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 167 5 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 167 6 disease disease NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 167 7 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 167 8 discussed discuss VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 167 9 further further RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 167 10 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 168 1 where where WRB cord-016238-bs1qk677 168 2 k k NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 168 3 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 168 4 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 168 5 contact contact NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 168 6 rate rate NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 168 7 defined define VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 168 8 for for IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 168 9 that that DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 168 10 cell cell NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 168 11 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 169 1 Thus thus RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 169 2 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 169 3 cell cell NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 169 4 has have VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 169 5 now now RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 169 6 established establish VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 169 7 contacts contact NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 169 8 with with IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 169 9 k k NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 169 10 cells cell NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 169 11 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 170 1 2 2 LS cord-016238-bs1qk677 170 2 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 171 1 Once once IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 171 2 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 171 3 contact contact NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 171 4 has have VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 171 5 been be VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 171 6 established establish VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 171 7 between between IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 171 8 cell cell NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 171 9 ' ' `` cord-016238-bs1qk677 171 10 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 171 11 ' ' '' cord-016238-bs1qk677 171 12 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 171 13 cell cell NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 171 14 ' ' '' cord-016238-bs1qk677 171 15 b b NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 171 16 ' ' '' cord-016238-bs1qk677 171 17 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 171 18 depending depend VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 171 19 on on IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 171 20 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 171 21 virulence virulence NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 171 22 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 171 23 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 171 24 disease disease NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 171 25 defined define VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 171 26 by by IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 171 27 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 171 28 infectivity infectivity NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 171 29 parameter parameter NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 171 30 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 171 31 cell cell NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 171 32 ' ' '' cord-016238-bs1qk677 171 33 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 171 34 ' ' '' cord-016238-bs1qk677 171 35 can can MD cord-016238-bs1qk677 171 36 pass pass VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 171 37 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 171 38 infection infection NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 171 39 to to IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 171 40 cell cell NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 171 41 ' ' '' cord-016238-bs1qk677 171 42 b b NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 171 43 ' ' '' cord-016238-bs1qk677 171 44 if if IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 171 45 cell cell NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 171 46 ' ' '' cord-016238-bs1qk677 171 47 b b NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 171 48 ' ' '' cord-016238-bs1qk677 171 49 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 171 50 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 171 51 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 171 52 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 171 53 state state NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 171 54 S. S. NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 172 1 If if IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 172 2 cell cell NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 172 3 ' ' '' cord-016238-bs1qk677 172 4 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 172 5 ' ' '' cord-016238-bs1qk677 172 6 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 172 7 not not RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 172 8 infected infect VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 172 9 currently currently RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 172 10 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 172 11 cell cell NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 172 12 ' ' '' cord-016238-bs1qk677 172 13 b b NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 172 14 ' ' '' cord-016238-bs1qk677 172 15 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 172 16 infected infect VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 172 17 then then RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 173 1 cell cell NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 173 2 ' ' `` cord-016238-bs1qk677 173 3 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 173 4 ' ' '' cord-016238-bs1qk677 173 5 can can MD cord-016238-bs1qk677 173 6 acquire acquire VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 173 7 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 173 8 infection infection NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 173 9 from from IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 173 10 ' ' '' cord-016238-bs1qk677 173 11 b b NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 173 12 ' ' '' cord-016238-bs1qk677 173 13 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 174 1 Thus thus RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 174 2 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 174 3 infection infection NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 174 4 can can MD cord-016238-bs1qk677 174 5 pass pass VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 174 6 on on RP cord-016238-bs1qk677 174 7 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 174 8 both both DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 174 9 directions direction NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 174 10 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 175 1 The the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 175 2 Geo Geo NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 175 3 - - HYPH cord-016238-bs1qk677 175 4 spatial spatial JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 175 5 model model NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 175 6 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 175 7 different different JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 175 8 from from IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 175 9 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 175 10 SIR SIR NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 175 11 type type NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 175 12 model model NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 175 13 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 175 14 terms term NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 175 15 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 175 16 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 175 17 neighborhood neighborhood NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 175 18 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 176 1 The the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 176 2 neighborhood neighborhood NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 176 3 saturation saturation NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 176 4 problem problem NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 176 5 posed pose VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 176 6 by by IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 176 7 SIR SIR NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 176 8 type type NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 176 9 model model NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 176 10 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 176 11 overcome overcome VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 176 12 by by IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 176 13 this this DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 176 14 model model NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 176 15 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 177 1 However however RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 177 2 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 177 3 this this DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 177 4 model model NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 177 5 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 177 6 restricted restrict VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 177 7 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 177 8 modeling model VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 177 9 population population NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 177 10 demographics demographic NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 177 11 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 177 12 travel travel NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 177 13 patterns pattern NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 177 14 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 178 1 The the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 178 2 choice choice NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 178 3 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 178 4 cells cell NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 178 5 for for IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 178 6 contact contact NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 178 7 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 178 8 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 178 9 random random JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 178 10 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 178 11 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 178 12 not not RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 178 13 based base VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 178 14 on on IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 178 15 distance distance NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 178 16 from from IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 178 17 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 178 18 cell cell NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 178 19 or or CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 178 20 any any DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 178 21 other other JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 178 22 parameter parameter NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 178 23 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 179 1 To to TO cord-016238-bs1qk677 179 2 study study VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 179 3 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 179 4 effects effect NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 179 5 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 179 6 position position NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 179 7 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 179 8 index index NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 179 9 case case NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 179 10 on on IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 179 11 spread spread NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 179 12 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 179 13 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 179 14 disease disease NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 179 15 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 179 16 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 179 17 simulation simulation NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 179 18 was be VBD cord-016238-bs1qk677 179 19 run run VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 179 20 with with IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 179 21 different different JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 179 22 initial initial JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 179 23 positions position NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 179 24 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 180 1 After after IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 180 2 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 180 3 certain certain JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 180 4 time time NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 180 5 unit unit NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 180 6 it -PRON- PRP cord-016238-bs1qk677 180 7 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 180 8 seen see VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 180 9 that that IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 180 10 locations location NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 180 11 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 180 12 new new JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 180 13 infected infected JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 180 14 cases case NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 180 15 are be VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 180 16 not not RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 180 17 very very RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 180 18 different different JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 180 19 for for IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 180 20 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 180 21 two two CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 180 22 To to TO cord-016238-bs1qk677 180 23 analyse analyse VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 180 24 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 180 25 contact contact NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 180 26 rate rate NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 180 27 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 180 28 experiment experiment NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 180 29 was be VBD cord-016238-bs1qk677 180 30 done do VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 180 31 with with IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 180 32 three three CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 180 33 different different JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 180 34 contact contact NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 180 35 rates rate NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 180 36 for for IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 180 37 cells cell NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 180 38 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 181 1 The the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 181 2 result result NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 181 3 shows show VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 181 4 that that IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 181 5 as as IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 181 6 average average JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 181 7 contact contact NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 181 8 rate rate NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 181 9 increases increase NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 181 10 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 181 11 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 181 12 number number NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 181 13 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 181 14 infected infected JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 181 15 individuals individual NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 181 16 also also RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 181 17 grows grow VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 181 18 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 182 1 For for IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 182 2 this this DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 182 3 model model NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 182 4 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 182 5 contact contact NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 182 6 rate rate NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 182 7 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 182 8 directly directly RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 182 9 proportional proportional JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 182 10 to to IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 182 11 number number NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 182 12 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 182 13 infected infected JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 182 14 individuals individual NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 182 15 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 183 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-016238-bs1qk677 183 2 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 183 3 important important JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 183 4 to to TO cord-016238-bs1qk677 183 5 note note VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 183 6 that that IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 183 7 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 183 8 contacts contact NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 183 9 made make VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 183 10 by by IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 183 11 cells cell NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 183 12 are be VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 183 13 random random JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 183 14 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 184 1 Figure figure NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 184 2 8(a 8(a CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 184 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-016238-bs1qk677 184 4 shows show VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 184 5 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 184 6 comparison comparison NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 184 7 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 185 1 As as IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 185 2 seen see VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 185 3 before before RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 185 4 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 185 5 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 185 6 other other JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 185 7 model model NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 185 8 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 185 9 as as IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 185 10 infectivity infectivity NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 185 11 parameter parameter NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 185 12 ψ ψ WDT cord-016238-bs1qk677 185 13 increases increase VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 185 14 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 185 15 number number NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 185 16 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 185 17 infected infected JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 185 18 individuals individual NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 185 19 increases increase NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 185 20 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 186 1 The the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 186 2 average average JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 186 3 contact contact NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 186 4 rate rate NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 186 5 was be VBD cord-016238-bs1qk677 186 6 fixed fix VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 186 7 for for IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 186 8 this this DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 186 9 experiment experiment NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 186 10 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 187 1 Figure figure NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 187 2 8(b 8(b CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 187 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-016238-bs1qk677 187 4 shows show VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 187 5 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 187 6 comparison comparison NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 187 7 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 188 1 The the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 188 2 models model NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 188 3 described describe VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 188 4 above above RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 188 5 may may MD cord-016238-bs1qk677 188 6 be be VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 188 7 used use VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 188 8 for for IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 188 9 simulating simulate VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 188 10 diseases disease NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 188 11 over over IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 188 12 small small JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 188 13 regions region NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 188 14 with with IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 188 15 local local JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 188 16 interaction interaction NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 188 17 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 188 18 global global JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 188 19 interaction interaction NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 188 20 respectively respectively RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 188 21 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 189 1 As as IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 189 2 mentioned mention VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 189 3 before before RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 189 4 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 189 5 these these DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 189 6 models model NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 189 7 do do VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 189 8 not not RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 189 9 take take VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 189 10 into into IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 189 11 account account NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 189 12 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 189 13 demographics demographic NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 189 14 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 189 15 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 189 16 region region NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 189 17 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 189 18 may may MD cord-016238-bs1qk677 189 19 not not RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 189 20 be be VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 189 21 accurate accurate JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 189 22 for for IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 189 23 simulating simulate VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 189 24 disease disease NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 189 25 spread spread VBD cord-016238-bs1qk677 189 26 over over IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 189 27 large large JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 189 28 geographic geographic JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 189 29 regions region NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 189 30 because because IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 189 31 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 189 32 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 189 33 neighborhood neighborhood NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 189 34 constriction constriction NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 189 35 posed pose VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 189 36 by by IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 189 37 them -PRON- PRP cord-016238-bs1qk677 189 38 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 190 1 Thus thus RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 190 2 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 190 3 global global JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 190 4 stochastic stochastic JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 190 5 cellular cellular JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 190 6 automata automaton NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 190 7 with with IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 190 8 demographics demographic NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 190 9 will will MD cord-016238-bs1qk677 190 10 facilitate facilitate VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 190 11 to to TO cord-016238-bs1qk677 190 12 understand understand VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 190 13 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 190 14 effects effect NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 190 15 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 190 16 different different JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 190 17 demographics demographic NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 190 18 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 190 19 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 190 20 population population NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 190 21 density density NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 190 22 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 190 23 socio socio JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 190 24 - - HYPH cord-016238-bs1qk677 190 25 economics economic NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 190 26 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 190 27 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 190 28 region region NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 190 29 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 190 30 culture culture NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 190 31 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 191 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-016238-bs1qk677 191 2 can can MD cord-016238-bs1qk677 191 3 also also RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 191 4 be be VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 191 5 used use VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 191 6 effectively effectively RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 191 7 for for IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 191 8 investigating investigate VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 191 9 different different JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 191 10 vaccination vaccination NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 191 11 strategies strategy NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 191 12 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 191 13 understanding understand VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 191 14 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 191 15 effects effect NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 191 16 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 191 17 travel travel NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 191 18 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 192 1 In in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 192 2 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 192 3 following following JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 192 4 section section NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 192 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-016238-bs1qk677 192 6 discuss discuss VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 192 7 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 192 8 design design NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 192 9 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 192 10 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 192 11 global global JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 192 12 outbreak outbreak NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 192 13 simulator simulator NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 192 14 with with IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 192 15 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 192 16 global global JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 192 17 interaction interaction NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 192 18 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 192 19 demography demography NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 192 20 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 193 1 Even even RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 193 2 for for IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 193 3 this this DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 193 4 model model NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 193 5 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 193 6 basic basic JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 193 7 unit unit NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 193 8 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 193 9 CA CA NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 193 10 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 193 11 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 193 12 cell cell NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 193 13 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 193 14 which which WDT cord-016238-bs1qk677 193 15 represents represent VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 193 16 an an DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 193 17 individual individual NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 193 18 or or CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 193 19 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 193 20 small small JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 193 21 sub sub NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 193 22 - - NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 193 23 population population NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 193 24 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 194 1 The the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 194 2 neighborhood neighborhood NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 194 3 as as IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 194 4 defined define VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 194 5 for for IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 194 6 this this DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 194 7 model model NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 194 8 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 194 9 global global JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 194 10 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 194 11 where where WRB cord-016238-bs1qk677 194 12 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 194 13 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 194 14 region region NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 194 15 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 194 16 n n NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 194 17 cells cell NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 194 18 every every DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 194 19 cell cell NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 194 20 has have VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 194 21 n-1 n-1 NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 194 22 neighbors neighbor NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 194 23 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 195 1 The the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 195 2 neighborhood neighborhood NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 195 3 for for IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 195 4 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 195 5 global global JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 195 6 SCA SCA NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 195 7 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 195 8 defined define VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 195 9 using use VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 195 10 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 195 11 fuzzy fuzzy JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 195 12 set set NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 195 13 neighborhood neighborhood NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 195 14 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 196 1 The the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 196 2 definition definition NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 196 3 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 196 4 Fuzzy Fuzzy NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 196 5 set set VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 196 6 neighborhood neighborhood NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 196 7 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 196 8 as as IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 196 9 follows follow VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 196 10 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 197 1 The the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 197 2 set set NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 197 3 F f NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 197 4 ⊂ ⊂ NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 197 5 S S NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 197 6 where where WRB cord-016238-bs1qk677 197 7 S S NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 197 8 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 197 9 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 197 10 set set NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 197 11 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 197 12 all all PDT cord-016238-bs1qk677 197 13 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 197 14 cells cell NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 197 15 F F NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 197 16 : : : cord-016238-bs1qk677 197 17 { { -LRB- cord-016238-bs1qk677 197 18 s s NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 197 19 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 197 20 p p NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 197 21 |s |s IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 197 22 ∈ ∈ NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 197 23 S S NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 197 24 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 197 25 0 0 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 197 26 ≤ ≤ NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 197 27 p p NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 197 28 ≤ ≤ NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 197 29 1 1 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 197 30 } } -RRB- cord-016238-bs1qk677 197 31 s,1 s,1 NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 197 32 : : : cord-016238-bs1qk677 198 1 Total total JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 198 2 / / SYM cord-016238-bs1qk677 198 3 Complete complete JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 198 4 membership membership NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 199 1 s,0 s,0 NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 199 2 : : : cord-016238-bs1qk677 200 1 No no DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 200 2 membership membership NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 201 1 The the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 201 2 variable variable NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 201 3 p p NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 201 4 maintains maintain VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 201 5 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 201 6 state state NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 201 7 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 201 8 infection infection NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 201 9 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 201 10 1 1 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 201 11 if if IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 201 12 infected infect VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 201 13 else else RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 201 14 0 0 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 201 15 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 202 1 State state NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 202 2 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 202 3 infection infection NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 202 4 δ δ NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 202 5 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 202 6 defined define VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 202 7 as as IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 202 8 any any DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 202 9 number number NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 202 10 between between IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 202 11 0 0 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 202 12 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 202 13 1 1 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 202 14 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 202 15 indicating indicate VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 202 16 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 202 17 level level NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 202 18 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 202 19 infection infection NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 202 20 present present JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 202 21 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 202 22 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 202 23 cell cell NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 202 24 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 202 25 0 0 NFP cord-016238-bs1qk677 203 1 indicates indicate VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 203 2 not not RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 203 3 infected infect VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 203 4 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 203 5 1 1 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 203 6 indicates indicate VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 203 7 fully fully RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 203 8 infected infect VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 203 9 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 204 1 Interaction Interaction NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 204 2 Coefficient Coefficient NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 204 3 i i PRP cord-016238-bs1qk677 204 4 for for IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 204 5 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 204 6 particular particular JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 204 7 cell cell NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 204 8 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 204 9 defined define VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 204 10 as as IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 204 11 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 204 12 interaction interaction NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 204 13 between between IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 204 14 that that DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 204 15 cell cell NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 204 16 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 204 17 every every DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 204 18 other other JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 204 19 cell cell NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 204 20 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 204 21 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 204 22 lattice lattice NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 204 23 space space NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 204 24 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 205 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-016238-bs1qk677 205 2 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 205 3 calculated calculate VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 205 4 as as IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 205 5 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 205 6 reciprocal reciprocal NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 205 7 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 205 8 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 205 9 euclidean euclidean JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 205 10 distance distance NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 205 11 between between IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 205 12 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 205 13 cells cell NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 205 14 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 206 1 Euclidean euclidean JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 206 2 distance distance NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 206 3 as as IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 206 4 derived derive VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 206 5 from from IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 206 6 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 206 7 GIS GIS NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 206 8 gravity gravity NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 206 9 model model NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 206 10 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 207 1 Global global JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 207 2 interaction interaction NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 207 3 coefficient coefficient NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 207 4 Γ γ NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 207 5 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 207 6 cell cell NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 207 7 Ci ci NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 208 1 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 208 2 j j NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 208 3 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 208 4 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 208 5 summation summation NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 208 6 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 208 7 all all PDT cord-016238-bs1qk677 208 8 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 208 9 individual individual NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 208 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-016238-bs1qk677 208 11 n-1 n-1 NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 208 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-016238-bs1qk677 208 13 interaction interaction NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 208 14 coefficients coefficient NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 208 15 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 208 16 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 208 17 cell cell NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 208 18 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 209 1 Every every DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 209 2 cell cell NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 209 3 has have VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 209 4 one one CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 209 5 global global JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 209 6 interaction interaction NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 209 7 coefficient coefficient NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 209 8 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 209 9 n-1 n-1 NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 209 10 interaction interaction NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 209 11 coefficients coefficient NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 209 12 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 210 1 The the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 210 2 infection infection NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 210 3 factor factor NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 210 4 I -PRON- PRP cord-016238-bs1qk677 210 5 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 210 6 calculated calculate VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 210 7 as as IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 210 8 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 210 9 fraction fraction NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 210 10 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 210 11 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 210 12 interaction interaction NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 210 13 coefficient coefficient NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 210 14 to to IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 210 15 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 210 16 global global JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 210 17 interaction interaction NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 210 18 coefficient coefficient NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 210 19 Γ Γ NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 210 20 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 210 21 for for IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 210 22 every every DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 210 23 cell cell NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 210 24 to to IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 210 25 cell cell NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 210 26 interaction interaction NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 210 27 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 211 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-016238-bs1qk677 211 2 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 211 3 also also RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 211 4 based base VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 211 5 on on IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 211 6 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 211 7 virulence virulence NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 211 8 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 211 9 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 211 10 disease disease NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 211 11 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 211 12 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 211 13 state state NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 211 14 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 211 15 infection infection NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 211 16 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 211 17 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 211 18 infecting infect VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 211 19 agent agent NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 211 20 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 212 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-016238-bs1qk677 212 2 Ci Ci NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 212 3 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 213 1 j j NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 213 2 = = NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 214 1 ∀C ∀C NFP cord-016238-bs1qk677 214 2 k k NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 214 3 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 214 4 l l NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 214 5 = = SYM cord-016238-bs1qk677 214 6 Ci Ci NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 214 7 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 215 1 j j NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 215 2 iC iC NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 216 1 i i PRP cord-016238-bs1qk677 216 2 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 216 3 j j NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 216 4 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 216 5 C C NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 216 6 k k NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 216 7 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 216 8 l l NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 216 9 Γ Γ NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 216 10 C c NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 216 11 i i NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 216 12 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 216 13 j j NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 216 14 ×δ ×δ HYPH cord-016238-bs1qk677 216 15 C C NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 216 16 k k NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 216 17 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 217 1 l l NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 217 2 ×ψ ×ψ NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 217 3 The the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 217 4 global global JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 217 5 interaction interaction NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 217 6 coefficient coefficient NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 217 7 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 217 8 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 217 9 interaction interaction NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 217 10 coefficients coefficient NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 217 11 are be VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 217 12 calculated calculate VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 217 13 based base VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 217 14 on on IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 217 15 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 217 16 distance distance NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 217 17 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 218 1 As as IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 218 2 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 218 3 distance distance NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 218 4 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 218 5 between between IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 218 6 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 218 7 cells cell NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 218 8 reduce reduce VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 218 9 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 218 10 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 218 11 interaction interaction NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 218 12 coefficients coefficient NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 218 13 increase increase NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 218 14 which which WDT cord-016238-bs1qk677 218 15 indicates indicate VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 218 16 more more JJR cord-016238-bs1qk677 218 17 chances chance NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 218 18 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 218 19 interaction interaction NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 218 20 between between IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 218 21 them -PRON- PRP cord-016238-bs1qk677 218 22 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 219 1 Γ Γ NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 219 2 Ci Ci NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 219 3 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 219 4 j j NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 219 5 = = SYM cord-016238-bs1qk677 219 6 ∀C ∀C : cord-016238-bs1qk677 219 7 k k NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 219 8 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 219 9 l l NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 219 10 = = SYM cord-016238-bs1qk677 219 11 Ci Ci NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 219 12 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 219 13 j j NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 219 14 1 1 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 220 1 √ √ NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 220 2 i−k i−k NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 221 1 2 2 LS cord-016238-bs1qk677 221 2 + + CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 222 1 j−l j−l NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 222 2 2 2 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 223 1 The the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 223 2 global global JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 223 3 interaction interaction NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 223 4 coefficient coefficient NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 223 5 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 223 6 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 223 7 interaction interaction NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 223 8 coefficients coefficient NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 223 9 are be VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 223 10 calculated calculate VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 223 11 based base VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 223 12 on on IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 223 13 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 223 14 distance distance NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 223 15 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 223 16 population population NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 223 17 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 224 1 The the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 224 2 distance distance NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 224 3 between between IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 224 4 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 224 5 cells cell NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 224 6 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 224 7 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 224 8 populations population NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 224 9 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 224 10 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 224 11 cells cell NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 224 12 are be VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 224 13 considered consider VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 224 14 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 225 1 For for IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 225 2 better well JJR cord-016238-bs1qk677 225 3 understanding understanding NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 225 4 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 225 5 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 225 6 cells cell NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 225 7 are be VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 225 8 considered consider VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 225 9 to to TO cord-016238-bs1qk677 225 10 be be VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 225 11 small small JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 225 12 regions region NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 225 13 having have VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 225 14 certain certain JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 225 15 populations population NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 225 16 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 226 1 The the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 226 2 product product NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 226 3 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 226 4 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 226 5 populations population NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 226 6 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 226 7 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 226 8 two two CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 226 9 cells cell NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 226 10 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 226 11 acts act VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 226 12 as as IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 226 13 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 226 14 factor factor NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 226 15 for for IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 226 16 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 226 17 interaction interaction NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 226 18 coefficients coefficient NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 226 19 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 227 1 The the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 227 2 population population NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 227 3 factor factor NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 227 4 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 227 5 directly directly RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 227 6 proportional proportional JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 227 7 to to IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 227 8 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 227 9 interaction interaction NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 227 10 coefficient coefficient NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 227 11 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 227 12 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 227 13 distance distance NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 227 14 between between IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 227 15 them -PRON- PRP cord-016238-bs1qk677 227 16 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 227 17 inversely inversely RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 227 18 proportional proportional JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 227 19 to to IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 227 20 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 227 21 interaction interaction NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 227 22 coefficient coefficient NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 227 23 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 228 1 Thus thus RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 228 2 two two CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 228 3 cells cell NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 228 4 with with IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 228 5 high high JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 228 6 populations population NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 228 7 are be VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 228 8 assumed assume VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 228 9 to to TO cord-016238-bs1qk677 228 10 interact interact VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 228 11 more more JJR cord-016238-bs1qk677 228 12 than than IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 228 13 two two CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 228 14 cells cell NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 228 15 with with IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 228 16 low low JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 228 17 populations population NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 228 18 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 228 19 when when WRB cord-016238-bs1qk677 228 20 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 228 21 distance distance NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 228 22 between between IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 228 23 them -PRON- PRP cord-016238-bs1qk677 228 24 is be VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 228 25 same same JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 228 26 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 229 1 Γ Γ NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 229 2 Ci Ci NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 229 3 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 229 4 j j NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 229 5 = = SYM cord-016238-bs1qk677 229 6 ∀C ∀C : cord-016238-bs1qk677 229 7 k k NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 229 8 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 229 9 l l NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 229 10 = = SYM cord-016238-bs1qk677 229 11 Ci Ci NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 229 12 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 229 13 j j NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 229 14 1 1 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 230 1 √ √ NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 230 2 i−k i−k NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 231 1 2 2 LS cord-016238-bs1qk677 231 2 + + SYM cord-016238-bs1qk677 231 3 j−l j−l NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 231 4 2 2 CD cord-016238-bs1qk677 231 5 × × NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 231 6 P P NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 231 7 Ci Ci NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 231 8 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 231 9 j j NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 231 10 × × NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 231 11 P P NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 231 12 Ci Ci NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 232 1 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 232 2 j j NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 232 3 This this DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 232 4 paper paper NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 232 5 describes describe VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 232 6 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 232 7 disease disease NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 232 8 outbreak outbreak NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 232 9 simulator simulator NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 232 10 using use VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 232 11 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 232 12 cellular cellular JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 232 13 automata automata NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 232 14 paradigm paradigm NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 232 15 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 233 1 The the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 233 2 results result NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 233 3 show show VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 233 4 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 233 5 variation variation NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 233 6 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 233 7 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 233 8 spread spread NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 233 9 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 233 10 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 233 11 disease disease NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 233 12 for for IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 233 13 different different JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 233 14 parameters parameter NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 233 15 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 233 16 infectivity infectivity NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 233 17 ψ ψ NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 233 18 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 234 1 The the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 234 2 simulator simulator NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 234 3 has have VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 234 4 also also RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 234 5 facilitated facilitate VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 234 6 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 234 7 study study NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 234 8 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 234 9 different different JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 234 10 vaccination vaccination NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 234 11 strategies strategy NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 234 12 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 235 1 Geo Geo NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 235 2 - - HYPH cord-016238-bs1qk677 235 3 spatial spatial JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 235 4 model model NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 235 5 helps help VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 235 6 us -PRON- PRP cord-016238-bs1qk677 235 7 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 235 8 simulating simulate VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 235 9 disease disease NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 235 10 spread spread VBD cord-016238-bs1qk677 235 11 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 235 12 an an DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 235 13 environment environment NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 235 14 with with IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 235 15 global global JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 235 16 interaction interaction NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 235 17 including include VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 235 18 travel travel NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 235 19 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 235 20 migration migration NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 235 21 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 236 1 In in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 236 2 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 236 3 same same JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 236 4 direction direction NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 236 5 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 236 6 global global JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 236 7 model model NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 236 8 can can MD cord-016238-bs1qk677 236 9 be be VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 236 10 used use VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 236 11 to to TO cord-016238-bs1qk677 236 12 simulate simulate VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 236 13 disease disease NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 236 14 spread spread VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 236 15 over over IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 236 16 large large JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 236 17 geographic geographic JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 236 18 regions region NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 236 19 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 237 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-016238-bs1qk677 237 2 deals deal VBZ cord-016238-bs1qk677 237 3 with with IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 237 4 global global JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 237 5 interaction interaction NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 237 6 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 237 7 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 237 8 demographics demographic NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 237 9 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 237 10 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 237 11 region region NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 237 12 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 238 1 While while IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 238 2 still still RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 238 3 working work VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 238 4 on on IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 238 5 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 238 6 development development NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 238 7 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 238 8 computational computational JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 238 9 tools tool NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 238 10 to to TO cord-016238-bs1qk677 238 11 facilitate facilitate VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 238 12 surveillance surveillance NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 238 13 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 238 14 monitoring monitoring NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 238 15 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 238 16 prevention prevention NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 238 17 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 238 18 control control NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 238 19 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 238 20 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 238 21 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 238 22 different different JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 238 23 diseases disease NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 238 24 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 238 25 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 238 26 current current JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 238 27 simulators simulator NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 238 28 prove prove VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 238 29 as as IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 238 30 valuable valuable JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 238 31 tools tool NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 238 32 to to TO cord-016238-bs1qk677 238 33 study study VB cord-016238-bs1qk677 238 34 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 238 35 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 238 36 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 238 37 different different JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 238 38 diseases disease NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 238 39 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 239 1 Global global JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 239 2 stochastic stochastic JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 239 3 versions version NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 239 4 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 239 5 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 239 6 CA CA NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 239 7 are be VBP cord-016238-bs1qk677 239 8 currently currently RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 239 9 being be VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 239 10 developed develop VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 239 11 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 240 1 On on IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 240 2 Modeling Modeling NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 240 3 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 240 4 . . . cord-016238-bs1qk677 241 1 Including include VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 241 2 latency latency NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 241 3 , , , cord-016238-bs1qk677 241 4 incubation incubation NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 241 5 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 241 6 variable variable JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 241 7 susceptibilityPhysica susceptibilityphysica NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 242 1 A a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 243 1 On on IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 243 2 some some DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 243 3 applications application NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 243 4 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 244 1 cellular cellular JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 244 2 automataPhysica automataphysica RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 244 3 A a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 244 4 A a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 244 5 comparison comparison NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 244 6 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 244 7 simulation simulation NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 244 8 models model NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 244 9 applied apply VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 244 10 to to IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 244 11 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 1 Multiagent Multiagent NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 2 Coordination Coordination NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 3 by by IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 4 Stochastic Stochastic NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 5 Cellular Cellular NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 6 Automata Automata NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 7 Presented present VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 8 at at IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 9 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 10 International International NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 11 Joint Joint NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 12 Conference Conference NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 13 on on IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 14 Artificial Artificial NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 15 Intelligence Intelligence NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 16 Critical Critical NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 17 behavior behavior NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 18 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 19 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 20 probabilistic probabilistic JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 21 automata automata NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 22 network network NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 23 SIS SIS NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 24 model model NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 25 for for IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 26 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 27 spread spread NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 28 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 29 an an DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 30 infectious infectious JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 31 disease disease NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 32 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 33 a a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 34 population population NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 35 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 36 moving move VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 37 individuals individual NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 38 A a DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 39 probabilistic probabilistic JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 40 automata automata NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 41 network network NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 42 epidemic epidemic NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 43 model model NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 44 with with IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 45 births birth NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 46 and and CC cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 47 deaths death NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 48 exhibiting exhibit VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 49 cyclic cyclic JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 50 behavior behavior NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 51 Object object NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 52 - - HYPH cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 53 oriented orient VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 54 implementation implementation NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 55 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 56 CA CA NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 57 / / SYM cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 58 LGCA LGCA NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 59 modelling model VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 60 applied apply VBD cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 61 to to IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 62 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 63 spread spread NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 64 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 65 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 66 Individual Individual NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 67 - - HYPH cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 68 based base VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 69 lattice lattice NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 70 model model NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 71 for for IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 72 spatial spatial JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 73 spread spread NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 74 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 75 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 76 Discrete Discrete NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 77 Dynamics Dynamics NNPS cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 78 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 79 Epidemiology Epidemiology NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 80 through through IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 81 Cellular Cellular NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 82 Automata Automata NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 83 Case Case NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 84 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 85 Study study NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 245 86 : : : cord-016238-bs1qk677 246 1 Avian Avian NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 246 2 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 246 3 Indonesia Indonesia NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 246 4 Working Working NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 246 5 Paper Paper NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 247 1 WPF2004 WPF2004 NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 247 2 Epidemiologic Epidemiologic NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 247 3 Methods Methods NNPS cord-016238-bs1qk677 247 4 for for IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 247 5 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 247 6 Study Study NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 247 7 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 247 8 Infectious Infectious NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 247 9 Diseases Diseases NNPS cord-016238-bs1qk677 247 10 Mean mean JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 247 11 - - HYPH cord-016238-bs1qk677 247 12 field field NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 247 13 - - HYPH cord-016238-bs1qk677 247 14 type type NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 247 15 equations equation NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 247 16 for for IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 247 17 spread spread NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 247 18 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 247 19 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 247 20 : : : cord-016238-bs1qk677 248 1 The the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 248 2 ' ' `` cord-016238-bs1qk677 248 3 small small JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 248 4 world world NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 248 5 ' ' '' cord-016238-bs1qk677 248 6 model model NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 248 7 Deterministic deterministic JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 248 8 site site NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 248 9 exchange exchange NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 248 10 cellular cellular JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 248 11 automata automata NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 248 12 models model NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 248 13 for for IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 248 14 the the DT cord-016238-bs1qk677 248 15 spread spread NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 248 16 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 248 17 diseases disease NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 248 18 in in IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 248 19 human human JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 248 20 settlements settlement NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 248 21 Epidemic epidemic NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 248 22 Modelling Modelling NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 248 23 Using use VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 248 24 Cellular Cellular NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 248 25 Automata Automata NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 248 26 Complex Complex NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 248 27 transmission transmission NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 248 28 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 248 29 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 248 30 clonally clonally RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 248 31 related related JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 248 32 virulent virulent JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 248 33 Mycobacterium Mycobacterium NNP cord-016238-bs1qk677 248 34 tuberculosis tuberculosis NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 248 35 associated associate VBN cord-016238-bs1qk677 248 36 with with IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 248 37 barhopping barhoppe VBG cord-016238-bs1qk677 248 38 by by IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 248 39 predominantly predominantly RB cord-016238-bs1qk677 248 40 human human JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 248 41 immunodeficiency immunodeficiency NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 248 42 virus virus NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 248 43 - - HYPH cord-016238-bs1qk677 248 44 positive positive JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 248 45 gay gay JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 248 46 men man NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 248 47 Educational educational JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 248 48 uses use NNS cord-016238-bs1qk677 248 49 of of IN cord-016238-bs1qk677 248 50 virtual virtual JJ cord-016238-bs1qk677 248 51 reality reality NN cord-016238-bs1qk677 248 52 technology technology NN