Summary of your 'study carrel' ============================== This is a summary of your Distant Reader 'study carrel'. The Distant Reader harvested & cached your content into a collection/corpus. It then applied sets of natural language processing and text mining against the collection. The results of this process was reduced to a database file -- a 'study carrel'. The study carrel can then be queried, thus bringing light specific characteristics for your collection. These characteristics can help you summarize the collection as well as enumerate things you might want to investigate more closely. This report is a terse narrative report, and when processing is complete you will be linked to a more complete narrative report. Eric Lease Morgan Number of items in the collection; 'How big is my corpus?' ---------------------------------------------------------- 64 Average length of all items measured in words; "More or less, how big is each item?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 22726 Average readability score of all items (0 = difficult; 100 = easy) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 48 Top 50 statistically significant keywords; "What is my collection about?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 64 dog 17 cat 10 canine 10 PCR 9 disease 8 study 7 infection 7 cell 6 figure 5 sample 5 day 5 blood 4 tumor 4 treatment 4 group 4 clinical 4 cause 4 Veterinary 4 University 4 MRI 4 IBD 4 CNS 3 wound 3 sign 3 lymphoma 3 liver 3 lesion 3 case 3 animal 3 Fig 3 CKD 3 CHF 3 Animal 2 vaccination 2 table 2 skin 2 respiratory 2 research 2 rabie 2 portal 2 place 2 patient 2 ocular 2 hepatic 2 diagnosis 2 concentration 2 chapter 2 catheter 2 Swaim 2 SARS Top 50 lemmatized nouns; "What is discussed?" --------------------------------------------- 13032 dog 5224 % 4874 cat 4030 disease 3436 study 3360 cell 2485 blood 2404 animal 2303 case 2162 infection 2110 treatment 1959 sign 1931 patient 1819 p 1639 time 1628 group 1622 liver 1605 concentration 1590 sample 1566 day 1559 diagnosis 1471 serum 1412 lymphoma 1404 result 1316 tissue 1082 lesion 1060 therapy 1053 tumor 1041 test 1005 virus 1001 year 984 age 955 analysis 950 effect 943 control 931 response 878 level 878 factor 855 body 839 finding 827 examination 823 area 822 n 809 drug 790 cause 787 plasma 782 breed 776 rate 766 type 759 population Top 50 proper nouns; "What are the names of persons or places?" -------------------------------------------------------------- 1025 mg 973 al 835 et 778 . 577 kg 527 PCR 516 AE 343 CDV 330 T 326 Fig 325 IV 292 CT 262 Veterinary 242 CSF 242 Animal 239 CNS 236 MRI 232 L 224 • 211 C 206 E. 198 CHV 195 University 189 ELISA 183 C. 177 A 174 Health 168 United 159 IBD 158 FeLV 155 L. 155 II 155 GI 154 Table 147 MM 146 Leishmania 146 IOP 145 Europe 145 CHF 144 B 137 ALP 134 States 128 RT 127 M 126 SARS 125 PO 125 Box 124 CKD 119 Dog 118 Group Top 50 personal pronouns nouns; "To whom are things referred?" ------------------------------------------------------------- 1971 it 716 they 704 we 185 i 158 them 66 you 66 he 55 itself 38 one 21 us 16 themselves 16 she 6 em 3 me 3 her 2 him 2 euthanasia 1 ý 1 Ò 1 zoo- 1 thbs1 1 srd)dogs 1 s 1 myself 1 mg 1 f\1rther 1 aptt 1 3de Top 50 lemmatized verbs; "What do things do?" --------------------------------------------- 43124 be 6708 have 3277 use 2606 include 1728 associate 1649 increase 1546 occur 1525 cause 1426 report 1300 perform 1152 do 1122 show 1062 see 1041 compare 978 follow 900 result 879 evaluate 866 base 837 determine 821 find 808 affect 807 develop 804 identify 794 treat 771 detect 763 consider 745 observe 712 describe 683 administer 677 require 662 decrease 658 obtain 624 suggest 606 make 603 indicate 583 induce 578 present 548 measure 544 provide 535 appear 520 infect 509 assess 492 collect 491 remain 490 involve 480 reduce 451 place 444 characterize 441 give 437 receive Top 50 lemmatized adjectives and adverbs; "How are things described?" --------------------------------------------------------------------- 3611 not 2676 clinical 2276 canine 2063 also 1855 most 1824 other 1731 more 1701 high 1297 however 1277 - 1252 hepatic 1193 normal 1084 such 1066 low 1062 common 1040 only 1009 small 989 acute 950 present 928 large 920 significant 917 chronic 906 often 880 severe 814 feline 801 usually 796 respiratory 793 positive 770 human 766 well 730 significantly 707 healthy 695 different 688 specific 641 long 636 primary 634 renal 634 less 628 first 616 diagnostic 609 as 595 secondary 586 many 578 important 567 available 565 further 541 inflammatory 540 respectively 532 several 529 infectious Top 50 lemmatized superlative adjectives; "How are things described to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 525 most 212 Most 146 least 125 good 99 high 44 low 27 large 25 great 12 safe 10 young 10 small 10 early 10 close 8 bad 7 near 6 easy 4 wide 3 long 2 ≤3 2 strong 2 strict 2 simple 2 late 2 big 1 À801C 1 À201C 1 thick 1 short 1 scarce 1 ret 1 quick 1 poor 1 p=0.016 1 old 1 narrow 1 myeloblast 1 mild 1 leastcost 1 forw 1 few 1 fast 1 encephalitis 1 dirty 1 deadly 1 clean 1 cheap 1 Least Top 50 lemmatized superlative adverbs; "How do things do to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1330 most 134 least 49 well 2 ® 2 highest 2 hard 1 strongest 1 shortest 1 oldest 1 lowest 1 avidin^biotin 1 7,10 1 -v Top 50 Internet domains; "What Webbed places are alluded to in this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 doi.org 2 www.aphis.usda.gov 1 wwwnc.cdc.gov 1 wwwn.cdc.gov 1 www.vmd.defra.gov.uk 1 www.qiagen.com 1 www.parasitesandvectors.com 1 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov 1 www.kodak.com 1 www.jkc.or.jp 1 www.graphpad.com 1 www.frontiersin.org 1 www.fda.gov 1 www.cioms.ch 1 www.cdc.gov 1 www.alnmag.com 1 laboratoryanimalbuyersguide.com 1 it.vwr 1 inspection.gc.ca 1 guide.labanimal 1 data.cityofnewyork.us 1 camera.calit2.net 1 blast.ncbi Top 50 URLs; "What is hyperlinked from this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------- 1 http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/EID/article/26/6/19-1832-App1.pdf 1 http://wwwn.cdc.gov/travel/ 1 http://www.vmd.defra.gov.uk/ 1 http://www.qiagen.com 1 http://www.parasitesandvectors.com/content/7/1/361 1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi 1 http://www.kodak.com 1 http://www.jkc.or.jp 1 http://www.graphpad.com 1 http://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets 1 http://www.fda.gov/ 1 http://www.cioms.ch/ 1 http://www.cdc.gov/injury/ 1 http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/vet_biologics/vb_adverse_event.shtml 1 http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/vet_ 1 http://www.alnmag.com/ 1 http://laboratoryanimalbuyersguide.com 1 http://it.vwr 1 http://inspection.gc.ca/english/for/pdf/c2205e.pdf 1 http://guide.labanimal 1 http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo 1 http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0224252.g002 1 http://doi.org/10 1 http://data.cityofnewyork.us/Health/DOHMH-Dog-Bite-Data/rsghakpg 1 http://camera.calit2.net/ 1 http://blast.ncbi Top 50 email addresses; "Who are you gonna call?" ------------------------------------------------- 1 m.l.dentoom@uu.nl Top 50 positive assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-noun?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18 concentrations were significantly 15 dogs did not 12 dogs are more 10 studies are necessary 9 concentration was significantly 9 concentrations were higher 9 disease is present 9 dogs were not 9 signs are present 9 signs are usually 9 therapy is not 8 dogs are often 8 dogs are typically 8 dogs has not 8 lesions are usually 8 study was therefore 7 cats did not 7 diagnosis is often 7 diagnosis is usually 7 dogs are not 7 dogs do not 7 dogs were negative 6 cells are present 6 concentrations were not 6 disease is also 6 disease is typically 6 dogs had lower 6 dogs had normal 6 groups were not 6 patient is able 6 patient is not 6 tissue is present 6 tumors are more 5 animals are not 5 cat was positive 5 cats are more 5 cats were more 5 concentrations did not 5 disease is common 5 disease is not 5 disease is usually 5 dogs are also 5 dogs is not 5 dogs were clinically 5 dogs were male 5 dogs were more 5 dogs were prospectively 5 dogs were randomly 5 lesions are most 5 lesions are similar Top 50 negative assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-no|not-noun?" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 groups were not significantly 3 signs are not present 3 treatment had no effect 2 blood is not available 2 cat is not as 2 cells is not certain 2 concentrations were not different 2 diagnosis is not straightforward 2 disease is not usually 2 groups were not statistically 2 infection is not present 2 patient is no longer 2 signs do not always 2 treatment is not useful 2 tumors are not good 1 % had no degree 1 % is not satisfactory 1 animal does not inadvertently 1 animals are not clinically 1 animals are not necessarily 1 animals are not only 1 animals are not usually 1 animals had no vaccination 1 blood identified no mutations 1 blood is not only 1 blood is not paramagnetic 1 cases are not normally 1 cases were not available 1 cats had no evidence 1 cats had no identifiable 1 cats had no ultrasonographic 1 cats has no protective 1 cats has not yet 1 cats is not well 1 cats show no clinical 1 cats showed no significant 1 cats were not completely 1 cells are not currently 1 cells are not limited 1 cells have no basement 1 concentration is not clinically 1 concentration is not suitable 1 concentration was not significantly 1 concentrations are not helpful 1 concentrations are not ideally 1 concentrations are not sensitive 1 concentrations do not always 1 concentrations do not usually 1 concentrations have not yet 1 concentrations is not possible A rudimentary bibliography -------------------------- id = cord-316746-toen5nvr author = Alves, F. title = Canine parvovirus: a predicting canine model for sepsis date = 2020-06-15 keywords = PIRO; SIRS; dog; study summary = doi = 10.1186/s12917-020-02417-0 id = cord-303187-ny4qr2a2 author = Belo, Vinícius Silva title = Abundance, survival, recruitment and effectiveness of sterilization of free-roaming dogs: A capture and recapture study in Brazil date = 2017-11-01 keywords = capture; dog; model; population; study summary = doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0187233 id = cord-022561-rv5j1201 author = Boes, Katie M. title = Bone Marrow, Blood Cells, and the Lymphoid/Lymphatic System date = 2017-02-17 keywords = EMH; Fig; anemia; animal; blood; cause; cell; chapter; disease; disorder; dog; lymph; lymphocyte; lymphoid; lymphoma; marrow; node; red; spleen summary = Mechanisms contributing to glucocorticoid-mediated neutrophilia include the following: • Increased release of mature neutrophils from the bone marrow storage pool • Decreased margination of neutrophils within the vasculature, with a resulting increase in the circulating pool • Decreased migration of neutrophils from the bloodstream into tissues The magnitude of neutrophilia tends to be species dependent, with dogs having the most pronounced response (up to 35,000 cells/µL) and in decreasing order of responsiveness, cats (30,000 cells/µL), horses (20,000 cells/µL), and cattle (15,000 cells/µL) having less marked responses. As a result, animals with Chédiak-Higashi 746.e1 CHAPTER 13 Bone Marrow, Blood Cells, and the Lymphoid/Lymphatic System von Willebrand disease (vWD) is the most common canine hereditary bleeding disorder and has also been described in many other domestic species. doi = 10.1016/b978-0-323-35775-3.00013-8 id = cord-316500-vik30moa author = Cardillo, Lorena title = Lifestyle as Risk Factor for Infectious Causes of Death in Young Dogs: A Retrospective Study in Southern Italy (2015–2017) date = 2020-06-05 keywords = CPV; PCR; canine; dog; infection summary = Here, we aimed to determine the infectious causes of death in young dogs aged up to 1 year, examining how it relates to age (under and over 6 months), lifestyle (owned versus ownerless), breed (purebred and crossbreed), and gender. In the first days of life, bacterial infections are described to be the prevalent cause of neonatal disease and death [2] ; in contrast, at other ages, many factors have been attributed for outbreaks of viral diseases, including age, vaccination status, breed [3, 4] , habitat [5] , and seasons [6] . After examining bacterial and viral prevalence, infection risk was examined for the most frequently detected pathogens related to the four variables considered in the study (Table 4) . To assess infectious causes of death in dogs aged under 1 year of age, the circulation of agents in Southern Italy and whether age, lifestyle, gender, or breed can influence infections and relative lesion generalisation, a survey was conducted on 138 deceased pups. doi = 10.1155/2020/6207297 id = cord-330204-guhrtz1h author = Cleaveland, Sarah title = Rabies elimination research: juxtaposing optimism, pragmatism and realism date = 2017-12-20 keywords = Africa; canine; dog; rabie summary = We demonstrate how research has generated optimism about the feasibility of achieving global targets of zero human deaths from dogmediated rabies, guided pragmatism in the design of dog vaccination strategies in LMICs, and instilled realism in the path towards global canine rabies elimination. While it is often recommended that a detailed understanding of dog ecology is needed for effective canine rabies control, the consistency of research findings generated over the past 30 years allows us to be confident in concluding that mass dog vaccination is feasible across a wide range of settings and campaigns can and should be initiated without delay. However, a focus on mass dog vaccination currently remains the most pragmatic and cost-effective approach to canine rabies control and elimination. doi = 10.1098/rspb.2017.1880 id = cord-351357-8ahlir5y author = Colella, Vito title = Zoonotic Vectorborne Pathogens and Ectoparasites of Dogs and Cats in Eastern and Southeast Asia date = 2020-06-17 keywords = Asia; Southeast; dog summary = To provide data that can be used to inform treatment and prevention strategies for zoonotic pathogens in animal and human populations, we assessed the occurrence of zoonotic pathogens and their vectors on 2,381 client-owned dogs and cats living in metropolitan areas of 8 countries in eastern and Southeast Asia during 2017–2018. Tan To provide data that can be used to inform treatment and prevention strategies for zoonotic pathogens in animal and human populations, we assessed the occurrence of zoonotic pathogens and their vectors on 2,381 client-owned dogs and cats living in metropolitan areas of 8 countries in eastern and Southeast Asia during 2017-2018. Although previous investigations have explored the occurrence of zoonotic diseases in animals living in remote areas (4) (5) (6) (7) , our year-long multicenter study explored the occurrence of vectorborne pathogens and ectoparasites in pet dogs and cats from metropolitan areas in eastern and Southeast Asia. doi = 10.3201/eid2606.191832 id = cord-339759-us1spoxu author = Cornelis, I. title = Clinical presentation, diagnostic findings and outcome in dogs diagnosed withpresumptive spinal‐only meningoen‐cephalomyelitis of unknown origin date = 2017-03-07 keywords = MRI; MUO; dog summary = The aims of this study were therefore to describe the signalment, clinical presentation, diagnostic findings, including results of MRI and long-term survival in dogs diagnosed with presumptive MUO of the spinal cord without concurrent clinical signs of intracranial involvement. Dogs were excluded if (1) the clinical records or imaging studies were incomplete or not available for review, (2) dogs showed clinical or neurological signs of intracranial involvement at time of presentation, (3) they had a peracute onset of clinical signs that were not progressive after 12 to 24 hours, (4) they had signs of extradural or extradural/intramedullary spinal cord compression on MRI and if (5) they had positive infectious disease titres or if clinical presentation, CSF analysis or necropsy findings were suggestive of SRMA or eosinophilic meningoencephalomyelitis (>10% eosinophils in CSF) (Dewey et al . doi = 10.1111/jsap.12622 id = cord-303641-v2kl62c8 author = Cruz-Chan, Julio Vladimir title = A canine model of experimental infection with Leishmania (L.) mexicana date = 2014-08-09 keywords = Leishmania; canine; dog summary = doi = 10.1186/1756-3305-7-361 id = cord-258696-01wj76es author = Decaro, Nicola title = Experimental infection of dogs with a novel strain of canine coronavirus causing systemic disease and lymphopenia date = 2008-04-30 keywords = RNA; day; dog summary = The dogs, three 2.5-month-old and two 6-month-old pups, were successfully infected, shedding viral RNA with their faeces for the entire observation period (21 days) and displaying systemic clinical signs resembling those observed during the course of natural infection. At postmortem examination, remarkable lesions were observed in the internal organs of the euthanized pups, that tested positive for CCoV by real-time RT-PCR and virus isolation on cell cultures. Unexpectedly, CCoV type II RNA was detected at very high titres in the internal organs of the dead pups and the virus (strain CB/05) was isolated on canine cell cultures. (last day of observation) reaching the maximal mean value of 6.79 Â 10 5 RNA copy numbers/ml of template at day 10 p.i. Surprisingly, CCoV RNA was never detected in the blood of the 6-month-old pups, as well as in the euthanized animals, in whose organs remarkable viral RNA titres were found. doi = 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.10.008 id = cord-263811-w0983x19 author = Decaro, Nicola title = Canine Adenoviruses and Herpesvirus date = 2008-05-22 keywords = CAV-2; CHV; canine; dog; infection summary = Clinical signs typical of ITB are observed when CAV-2 infection is complicated by other viral or bacterial pathogens of dogs, including canine parainfluenza 3 virus [45] , CDV [46] [47] [48] , Bordetella bronchiseptica [49] , mycoplasmas [50, 51] , and Streptococcus equi subsp. In addition, other viruses with tropism for the respiratory tract have been recently identified and associated with ITB-like forms in dogs, such as influenza A virus [54, 55] , a pantropic variant of CCoV [56] , and the canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV) [57, 58] . Kennel cough is typically a complex of diseases caused by viral pathogens (eg, CAVs, CHV, canine parainfluenza virus, reoviruses) in association with bacteria, mainly B bronchiseptica and Mycoplasma spp. Because CAV-2 can also be detected in the internal organs and feces of vaccinated or acutely infected dogs [46] and CAV-1 is also frequently isolated from respiratory secretions, trachea, and lungs, distinction between CAV-1 and CAV-2 necessarily deserves laboratory examination. Diagnosis of infectious canine hepatitis virus (CAV-1) infection in puppies with encephalopathy doi = 10.1016/j.cvsm.2008.02.006 id = cord-021453-vf8xbaug author = Dysko, Robert C. title = Biology and Diseases of Dogs date = 2007-09-02 keywords = Animal; Ferguson; Peterson; Swaim; Veterinary; canine; cause; cell; clinical; day; diagnosis; disease; dog; infection; research; sign; treatment; tumor; wound summary = The use of dogs continued as biomedical research advanced, and they were featured in many noteworthy studies, including those by Pavlov to observe and document the conditioned reflex response and by Banting and Best to identify the role of insulin in diabetes mellitus. Especially noted in this chapter are infectious diseases associated with the use of random-source dogs that have unknown vaccination history and have had intensive contact with other similar animals at pounds and/or shelters, or conditions seen frequently in the beagle, the most common breed used in biomedical research. Culture requires selective isolation media, and growth is favored by reduced oxygen tension and a temperature of 42~ Any disorder that can cause diarrhea in dogs should be considered as a differential diagnosis, including canine parvovirus, coronavirus, distemper virus, Giardia, and Salmonella infections; helminth infestations; and hemorrhagic gastroenteritis. doi = 10.1016/b978-012263951-7/50014-4 id = cord-337977-vzue2p6p author = Ellwanger, Joel Henrique title = The triad “dogs, conservation and zoonotic diseases” – An old and still neglected problem in Brazil date = 2019-09-30 keywords = dog summary = (echinococcosis), Rickettsia rickettsii (Brazilian spotted fever), different canine viruses (e.g., distemper virus, adenovirus, coronavirus, herpesvirus, parvovirus) , rabies virus, among other pathogens, to both humans and wildlife (Craig et al., 1992; Fiorello et al., 2006 Fiorello et al., , 2017 Dantas-Torres, 2007; Labruna et al., 2007; Pinter et al., 2008; Piranda et al., 2008; Yabsley et al., 2008; Moraes-Filho et al., 2009; Brunetti et al., 2011; Ogrzewalska et al., 2012; Furtado et al., 2013; Millán et al., 2013; Parrish et al., 2015; Basano et al., 2016; Campos et al., 2016; Curi et al., 2016; Doherty et al., 2017; Lessa et al., 2016; Faccini-Martínez et al., 2017) . From an ecological perspective, the circulation of dogs between wildlife environments (considering protected and non-protected areas) and urban regions make the dogs facilitators of the movement of zoonotic diseases between wild animals and humans. doi = 10.1016/j.pecon.2019.06.003 id = cord-255011-7oqfod62 author = Erles, Kerstin title = Canine Respiratory Coronavirus: An Emerging Pathogen in the Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease Complex date = 2008-05-22 keywords = CIRD; dog; respiratory summary = Canine influenza virus, which recently has been detected in some parts of the United States, is likely to become part of the disease complex because it often causes mild respiratory disease characterized by nasal discharge and persistent cough [5] . Because of a small number of samples in grade 4, grades 3 and 4 were merged and referred to as ''''moderate respiratory disease.'''' CRCoV was most frequently detected in the trachea of dogs with mild clinical signs (grade 2). After 3 weeks of stay at a shelter, almost 100% of dogs tested positive for antibodies to CRCoV compared with 30% on the day of entry, indicating that the virus was highly prevalent in the population and was easily transmitted. CRCoV is frequently detected in dogs with clinical respiratory signs and may contribute to the CIRD complex. Detection of a group 2 coronavirus in dogs with canine infectious respiratory disease doi = 10.1016/j.cvsm.2008.02.008 id = cord-261867-6n0g3bz5 author = Evermann, James F. title = Canine Reproductive, Respiratory, and Ocular Diseases due to Canine Herpesvirus date = 2011-10-28 keywords = CHV; PCR; canine; dog; infection; ocular summary = doi = 10.1016/j.cvsm.2011.08.007 id = cord-304385-864o4buq author = FIORELLO, CHRISTINE V. title = Demography, Hunting Ecology, and Pathogen Exposure of Domestic Dogs in the Isoso of Bolivia date = 2006-06-01 keywords = Bolivia; Isoso; Iya; Kaa; dog summary = We investigated the potential for disease spillover from the domestic dog population to the wild carnivore population in the Isoso of Bolivia, an area of tropical dry forest contiguous with a national park. Based on our results and the susceptibility of wild species previously reported in the literature, domestic dogs represent a disease risk for wildlife in the Bolivian Isoso. In addition, because nearly all hunting activities include dogs (Noss & Cuéllar 2001; Kaa-Iya Project, unpublished data) and hunters from the communities utilize much of the TCO, the transmission of infectious diseases from the domestic dogs to wildlife is a potential risk. We used a combination of blood sampling, informal discussions with local residents, a questionnaire survey, and a large data set on hunting to study domestic dogs in indigenous communities of southeastern Bolivia. doi = 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00466.x id = cord-253525-r6ocr18h author = Fontbonne, Alain title = Small animal reproduction: Scientific facts versus dogmas or unverified beliefs date = 2020-03-11 keywords = SAR; bitch; cat; dog; study summary = doi = 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.03.014 id = cord-026031-hnf5vayd author = Ford, Richard B. title = Emergency Care date = 2009-05-21 keywords = Box; CNS; CRI; DIC; ECG; animal; blood; care; catheter; cause; clinical; dog; emergency; figure; fluid; immediate; occur; patient; place; severe; sign; surgical; table; treatment; wound summary = Fresh whole blood Coagulopathy with active hemorrhage (disseminated intravascular coagulation, thrombocytopenia; massive acute hemorrhage; no stored blood available) Stored whole blood Massive acute or ongoing hemorrhage; hypovolemic shock caused by hemorrhage that is unresponsive to conventional crystalloid and colloid fluid therapy; unavailability of equipment required to prepare blood components Packed red blood cells Nonregenerative anemia, immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, correction of anemia before surgery, acute or chronic blood loss Fresh frozen plasma Factor depletion associated with active hemorrhage (congenital: von Willebrand''s factor, hemophilia A, hemophilia B; acquired: vitamin K antagonist, rodenticide intoxication, DIC); acute or chronic hypoproteinemia (burns, wound exudates, body cavity effusion; hepatic, renal, or gastrointestinal loss); colostrum replacement in neonates Frozen plasma Acute plasma or protein loss; chronic hypoproteinemia; (contains stable colostrum replacement in neonates; hemophilia B and clotting factors) selected clotting factor deficiencies Platelet-rich plasma* Thrombocytopenia with active hemorrhage (immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, DIC); platelet function abnormality (congenital: thrombasthenia in Bassett hounds; acquired: NSAIDs, other drugs) Cryoprecipitate doi = 10.1016/b0-72-160138-3/50002-3 id = cord-344131-e7phs0jd author = Ford, Richard B. title = Section 4 Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures date = 2012-12-31 keywords = biopsy; blood; cat; catheter; dog; examination; figure; needle; patient; place; procedure; sample; skin; technique; tube summary = Before actually collecting and submitting a sample to a laboratory for bacterial culture, it is appropriate (whenever feasible to do so) to prepare, stain, and examine, under direct microscopy, exudates or fluid from the suspect material or tissue. Fine-needle aspiration, the use of needle and syringe to remove cells from normal and abnormal tissue, apply them to a glass slide, stain the smear, and review the results immediately is among the most useful, cost-effective procedures available in clinical practice. Do not remove the syringe from the tissue while maintaining negative pressure, because this can Enlargement of nucleus or nuclei larger than 10 nm Decreased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio Multinucleation because of abnormal mitosis Abnormal or frequent mitosis Variations in size and shape of nuclei Increase in size and number of nucleoli Increased basophilia of cellular cytoplasm; increased RNA content Anisokaryosis or pleomorphism Multinucleated giant cells box 4-4 cytologic feAtuRes of mAlignAncy 4 result in the aspiration of significant amounts of blood from the skin, thereby significantly diluting the sample with peripheral blood. doi = 10.1016/b978-1-4377-0798-4.00004-9 id = cord-334894-v5mu9ey2 author = Gaykwad, C. title = Amelioration of oxidative stress using N‐acetylcysteine in canine parvoviral enteritis date = 2017-07-12 keywords = MDA; NAC; antioxidant; dog summary = In this study, antioxidant potential of N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) in dogs infected with canine parvovirus with a nonblinded randomized clinical trial has been carried out. In addition, NAC treatment significantly improved glutathione S‐transferase (GST) activity and decreased nitrite plus nitrate (NOx) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations on day 3 and 5 compared to supportive treatment in parvo‐infected dogs. The results of this study suggest that NAC represents a potential additional treatment option that could be considered to improve the health condition and minimize the duration of hospitalization in case of canine parvoviral diarrhea. Recently, it has been observed that parvovirus infection is linked with oxidative stress, and marked enhancement of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, lipid peroxidation, DNA damage and poor antioxidant reserve (Luo & Qiu, 2013; Nykky, Vuento, & Gilbert, 2014; Panda, Patra, Nandi, & Swarup, 2009) . A strong association of CPV with oxidative stress suggests incorporation of antioxidants in therapeutic regimen in canine parvoviral diarrhea may help in ameliorating the clinical signs. doi = 10.1111/jvp.12434 id = cord-026021-b8vtmr9h author = Hohenhaus, Ann E. title = Blood Transfusion and Blood Substitutes date = 2011-06-22 keywords = DEA; Oxyglobin; blood; cat; cell; dog; transfusion summary = A plasma transfusion counteracts the anticoagulant effects of rodenticide intoxication in one dog, and red blood cells from the same donor provides enhanced oxygen-carrying capacity in a second, anemic dog. Whole blood contains red blood cells, clotting factors, proteins, and platelets and is the product most commonly transfused into dogs and cats. With the identification of a new red blood cell antigen in both dogs and cats, recommendations for appropriate compatibility testing before the first transfusion are a currently being revaluated. 5, 37, 40, 132 The best example of an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction in veterinary medicine is the administration of type A red blood cells to a type B cat. Crossmatching does not prevent sensitization to red blood cell antigens, which may result in a hemolytic reaction during future transfusions because it detects only antibodies that are currently present in the donor or recipient. doi = 10.1016/b978-1-4377-0654-3.00031-7 id = cord-022300-9w0lehal author = Hoskins, Johnny D. title = The Liver and Pancreas date = 2009-05-15 keywords = PSS; cat; congenital; dog; hepatic; liver; portal; puppy; shunt summary = doi = 10.1016/b978-0-7216-7665-4.50015-2 id = cord-022664-jw0jvpc6 author = Jackson, AE title = In this issue – October 2010 date = 2010-09-20 keywords = dog summary = doi = 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2010.00498_1.x id = cord-273573-a9inlk96 author = Jaeger, Gry title = Haemorrhagic pneumonia in sled dogs caused by Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus - one fatality and two full recoveries: a case report date = 2013-09-11 keywords = case; dog; subsp summary = title: Haemorrhagic pneumonia in sled dogs caused by Streptococcus equi subsp. Following training on the 4th day post-vaccine, several dogs in the kennel started to cough, and 24 hours later there were more animals in the pack with an intensive cough. In a study of experimental parvovirus infection in dogs, Potgieter and others [13] observed that dogs vaccinated with modified live CDV and CAV-1 five days before Figure 6 Control radiograph of the lung of case 2 eight weeks after admission to hospital. zooepidemicus is not normally carried by dogs, but it can probably cause disease in a situation where there is high level exposure from diseased dogs or other sources in the environment, an on-going viral infection, temperature stress, transport stress, intense exercise associated with training and competition and vaccine induced immunosuppression. Outbreak and control of haemorrhagic pneumonia due to Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus in dogs A clonal outbreak of acute fatal hemorrhagic pneumonia in intensively housed (shelter) dogs caused by Streptococcus equi subsp. doi = 10.1186/1751-0147-55-67 id = cord-317787-6hz8dxsi author = Jaffey, Jared A. title = Presumptive Development of Fibrotic Lung Disease From Bordetella bronchiseptica and Post-infectious Bronchiolitis Obliterans in a Dog date = 2019-10-10 keywords = Bordetella; PIBO; dog summary = Keywords: pulmonary fibrosis, canine infectious respiratory disease complex (CIRDC), pulmonary hypertension, pneumonia, interstitial lung disease, PIBO BACKGROUND Post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans (PIBO), a syndrome in children most commonly caused by Mycoplasma pneumonia (1, 2) and adenovirus (1) and occasionally Bordetella pertussis (3, 4) is associated with chronic inflammatory and fibrotic lesions of small airways leading to chronic airflow obstruction (5) . Importantly, severe damage to the lung can lead to end-stage and untreatable fibrosis, with most cases in dogs not having a recognizable trigger and thus being termed "idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis." This report describes a puppy developing PIBO after Bordetella bronchiseptica pneumonia with histologic evidence of small airway changes strongly supporting development of pulmonary fibrosis. Post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans, a syndrome in children that can be caused by adenovirus, Mycoplasma pneumonia, and less commonly Bordetella pertussis, is treated after resolution of infection with supportive therapies and corticosteroids to target inflammation (1-3). doi = 10.3389/fvets.2019.00352 id = cord-321549-r7bmtloy author = Jendrny, Paula title = Scent dog identification of samples from COVID-19 patients – a pilot study date = 2020-07-23 keywords = SARS; dog; sample summary = METHODS: Eight detection dogs were trained for 1 week to detect saliva or tracheobronchial secretions of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients in a randomised, double-blinded and controlled study. CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary findings indicate that trained detection dogs can identify respiratory secretion samples from hospitalised and clinically diseased SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals by discriminating between samples from SARS-CoV-2 infected patients and negative controls. As dogs can be trained quickly, the aim of the present study was to test the concept of using dogs reliably and in real-time to discriminate between samples of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients and non-infected controls. The individuals were only tested for SARS-CoV-2 virus and therefore one cannot exclude that a former infection, especially with another human coronavirus like HCoV-OC43 resulted in false positive indications of the dogs and that cross detection occurred. Detection dogs were able to discriminate respiratory secretions of infected SARS-CoV-2 individuals from those of healthy controls with high rates of sensitivity and specificity. doi = 10.1186/s12879-020-05281-3 id = cord-317632-2bjzn6p7 author = Jones, Robert T title = Could bio-detection dogs be used to limit the spread of COVID-19 by travellers? date = 2020-08-12 keywords = dog summary = Screening travellers for COVID-19 at airports is an attractive option that could prevent imported infections, and may reduce the need to enforce quarantine on travellers. 5 Further work by the same team demonstrated the use of trained dogs in identifying malaria parasites in asymptomatic children. 6 The dogs were trained using odour samples collected on socks worn by confirmed positive asymptomatic or negative children in The Gambia. The study demonstrated that dogs could identify malaria with a degree of sensitivity and specificity broadly in line with the World Health Organization''s criteria for the procurement of rapid diagnostic tests. Phase 1 is a proof-of-principle study to demonstrate that medical detection dogs can be trained to identify asymptomatic or mild symptomatic infections with SARS-CoV-2 with high sensitivity and specificity. Phase 2 is an assessment of the capability of the trained dogs to detect people with asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. Trained dogs identify people with malaria parasites by their odour doi = 10.1093/jtm/taaa131 id = cord-258783-ev0h95b9 author = Kapil, Sanjay title = Canine Distemper Spillover in Domestic Dogs from Urban Wildlife date = 2011-11-30 keywords = CDV; United; canine; distemper; dog; virus summary = doi = 10.1016/j.cvsm.2011.08.005 id = cord-317153-2la3hkzv author = Kauhala, Kaarina title = Invasion of the raccoon dog Nyctereutes procyonoides in Europe: History of colonization, features behind its success, and threats to native fauna date = 2011-10-01 keywords = Europe; Finland; Kauhala; Nyctereutes; dog; raccoon summary = doi = 10.1093/czoolo/57.5.584 id = cord-300187-fr6tme32 author = Kearns, Shawn title = Infectious Hepatopathies in Dogs and Cats date = 2009-11-26 keywords = Mycobacterium; cat; disease; dog; infection; liver summary = doi = 10.1053/j.tcam.2009.06.004 id = cord-021655-ojfm5rt3 author = Langan, Jennifer N. title = Overview of African Wild Dog Medicine date = 2018-09-28 keywords = Lycaon; african; dog; pictus; wild summary = Seasonal changes in steroid hormone profiles, body weight, semen quality and the reproductive tract in captive African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) in South Africa Population analysis and breeding and transfer plan: african painted (wild) dog (Lycaon pictus) Monitoring stress in captive and free-ranging African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) using faecal glucocorticoid metabolites Studies of male reproduction in captive African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) Natural selection of the communal rearing of pups in African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) Canine distemper in African hunting dogs (Lycaon pictus) -possibly vaccine induced Vaccine-associated canine distemper infection in a litter of African hunting dogs (Lycaon pictus) Comparison of oral and intramuscular recombinant canine distemper vaccination in African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) Immunization and antibody persistence to canine distemper and rabies vaccination in captive african wild dogs (Lycaon pictus A survey of internal parasites in free-ranging African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus doi = 10.1016/b978-0-323-55228-8.00077-1 id = cord-309587-xc4jaw31 author = Lembo, Tiziana title = The Feasibility of Canine Rabies Elimination in Africa: Dispelling Doubts with Data date = 2010-02-23 keywords = Africa; Tanzania; dog; rabie; vaccination summary = We conclude that (1) rabies substantially affects public and animal health sectors, hence regional and national priorities for control ought to be higher, (2) for practical purposes domestic dogs are the sole maintenance hosts and main source of infection for humans throughout most of Africa and Asia and sufficient levels of vaccination coverage in domestic dog populations should lead to elimination of canine rabies in most areas, (3) the vast majority of domestic dog populations across sub-Saharan Africa are accessible for vaccination with community sensitization being of paramount importance for the success of these programs, (4) improved local capacity in rabies surveillance and diagnostics will help evaluate the impact of control and elimination efforts, and (5) sustainable resources for effective dog vaccination campaigns are likely to be available through the development of intersectoral financing schemes involving both medical and veterinary sectors. doi = 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000626 id = cord-021772-5v4gor2v author = Levine, Gwendolyn J. title = Cerebrospinal Fluid and Central Nervous System Cytology date = 2019-05-31 keywords = CNS; CSF; PCR; cell; cerebrospinal; dog; pleocytosis; protein summary = doi = 10.1016/b978-0-323-53314-0.00014-6 id = cord-284262-lddmo1sv author = Li, Linlin title = Circovirus in Tissues of Dogs with Vasculitis and Hemorrhage date = 2013-04-17 keywords = DogCV; PCR; dog summary = We identified a canine circovirus in the liver of a dog that had necrotizing vasculitis and granulomatous lymphadenitis, both of which are described in PCV2-infected pigs (4) . A fourth sample cohort consisted of tissue samples from 21 necropsy cases of dogs whose clinical signs or microscopic lesions matched the sentinel animal (i.e., hemorrhagic diarrhea, vasculitis, and/or granulomatous disease); these samples were selected from the tissue archives of Anatomic Pathology at the UC Davis Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital. To establish tissue distribution and investigate whether DogCV contributes to canine disease, we developed and validated an ISH oligomeric probe and examined the sentinel dog and dogs from 21 suspected, retrospective cases that included >2 of these 3 signs: vasculitis, hemorrhage, or granulomatous disease. We characterized the genome of multiple DogCV strains, determined DogCV prevalence in dog fecal and plasma samples and tissue distribution in infected animals, and detected paracrystalline arrays in inclusion bodies in macrophages. doi = 10.3201/eid1904.121390 id = cord-023503-zco0zpax author = Miller, Paul E. title = The Glaucomas date = 2009-06-05 keywords = IOP; aqueous; dog; eye; figure; glaucoma; lens summary = doi = 10.1016/b978-072160561-6.50015-0 id = cord-285096-g9y3au1a author = Mitchell, Judy A. title = Tropism and pathological findings associated with canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV) date = 2013-03-23 keywords = CIRD; crcov; day; dog; respiratory summary = Following experimental infection in dogs, all five CRCoV isolates gave rise to clinical signs of respiratory disease consistent with that observed during natural infection. Following experimental infection in dogs, all five CRCoV isolates gave rise to clinical signs of respiratory disease consistent with that observed during natural infection. In that study we demonstrated that young dogs were susceptible to experimental infection with both CRCoV isolates, which gave rise to clinical signs of respiratory disease consistent with naturally occurring infection. Analyses specifically focused on the histopathological changes in the canine upper and lower respiratory tissues, virulence differences among CRCoV isolates derived from CIRD cases representing wide geographical locations; UK and USA [MO, NE, UT and MI] , and the demonstration of Koch''s postulates. Consistent with observations made during naturally occurring infection, dogs in this study also displayed clinical signs of mild respiratory disease following viral challenge (nasal discharge, sneezing, and coughing); whilst the control group remained healthy. doi = 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.11.025 id = cord-297724-xoqrc3xo author = Miyaji, Kazuki title = Large-scale survey of adverse reactions to canine non-rabies combined vaccines in Japan date = 2012-01-15 keywords = Japan; dog summary = We performed a large-scale survey to investigate vaccine-associated adverse events (VAAEs), including anaphylaxis, in Japan by distributing questionnaires on VAAEs to veterinary hospitals from April 1, 2006 through May 31, 2007. The questionnaires about adverse reactions to canine non-rabies combined vaccines were distributed by the Japan Small Animal Veterinary Association to veterinary hospitals in Japan from April 1, 2006 through May 31, 2007. The questionnaires not only recorded standard information: date of birth, breed, sex and neuter status, weight, and date of vaccination, but also included important factors associated with adverse reactions, such as type of vaccination, signs, and time of their onset since vaccination (Fig. 1) . The risks involved in vaccination of dogs were highlighted by previous large epidemiological studies (Gaskell et al., 2002; Moore et al., 2005) ; however, surveys on VAAEs had only been performed on a small scale in Japan (Ohmori et al., 2002 (Ohmori et al., , 2005a Fujimura, 2006) . doi = 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.12.023 id = cord-288202-r3r2bc7v author = Morel, Noelia title = A Monoclonal Antibody-Based Copro-ELISA Kit for Canine Echinococcosis to Support the PAHO Effort for Hydatid Disease Control in South America date = 2013-01-10 keywords = ELISA; dog; sample summary = Under this premise, we have developed a new copro-ELISA test after extensive screening of a large panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and polyclonal sera, which performs with high standards of sensitivity (92.6%) and specificity (86.4%) as established by necropsy diagnosis of dogs. granulosus copro-antigen detection under the premise that in addition to performing with high standards of proven sensitivity and specificity, it had to be robust, standardized and developed in a kit format to be available for its use in regional programs for the control of the disease. Interestingly, the average absorbance readings of the fecal samples obtained from these animal were 1.16 and 2.99 AU, which represent strong positive results, indicating the sensitivity of the test and confirming the capacity of the assay to detect small numbers of parasites that had been observed in the experimentally infected dogs. doi = 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001967 id = cord-002560-pue5q5wp author = Moreno, Paloma S. title = Characterisation of the canine faecal virome in healthy dogs and dogs with acute diarrhoea using shotgun metagenomics date = 2017-06-01 keywords = PCR; canine; dog; sample summary = Recently, due to the advent of molecular enrichment protocols, high throughput sequencing and new metagenomic analytical methods we are now able to explore, identify and characterise viruses from different biological and environmental samples with a greater capacity [2, [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] In studies of human faeces, the virome has been shown to include viruses that infect eukaryotic organisms and viruses that infect prokaryotes (bacteriophages) [2, 5, [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] . Another eukaryotic viral family found in one healthy dog sample was Parvoviridae, genetic analysis of the 3 contigs/singletons showed a coverage of approximately 3.5% of the complete genome of canine parvovirus reference sequence (NC_001539), or 9.3% of the polyprotetin Ns1-Ns2. Nucleic acids from a single faecal sample from a dog with acute diarrhoea (DD1), which had 18 contigs/singletons of canine astrovirus (after tBLASTx analysis) was used to determine the complete genome sequence. doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0178433 id = cord-347256-0ghflk81 author = Morgan, R. K. title = Pathophysiology and aetiology of hypoglycaemic crises date = 2018-08-13 keywords = dog; glucose; hypoglycaemia; insulin summary = doi = 10.1111/jsap.12911 id = cord-293151-g3758oes author = Nemzek, Jean A. title = Biology and Diseases of Dogs date = 2015-07-10 keywords = Animal; Ferguson; Peterson; Swaim; canine; clinical; complication; diagnosis; disease; dog; infection; laboratory; research; sign; treatment; tumor; wound summary = This provides the necessary background to discuss the spontaneous diseases, including infectious and neoplastic conditions, prevalent in purpose bred as well as random source dogs used in biomedical research. Several factors that increase pressure at the site and/or affect the integrity of the skin will predispose an individual to develop pressure sores, including poor hygiene, self-trauma, low-protein diet, preexisting tissue damage, muscle wasting, inadequate bedding, and ill-fitting coaptation devices (Swaim and Angarano, 1990) . Chronic or recurrent corneal ulcers may also be associated with infection or hereditary causes in some breeds of dogs; however, these would be rare in the laboratory setting. Research Complications Treatment of early-stage or low-grade mammary tumors may be rewarding, allowing dogs to continue on study. doi = 10.1016/b978-0-12-409527-4.00012-2 id = cord-318061-xe8lljz0 author = Overgaauw, Paul A.M. title = A One Health Perspective on the Human–Companion Animal Relationship with Emphasis on Zoonotic Aspects date = 2020-05-27 keywords = Health; Toxocara; animal; cat; disease; dog; human; infection; pet; risk summary = doi = 10.3390/ijerph17113789 id = cord-293274-ysr1l557 author = Perisé-Barrios, Ana Judith title = Humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 by healthy and sick dogs during COVID-19 pandemic in Spain date = 2020-09-22 keywords = CoV-2; SARS; dog summary = doi = 10.1101/2020.09.22.308023 id = cord-278224-sq7tokbx author = Protopopova, Alexandra title = Behavioral predictors of subsequent respiratory illness signs in dogs admitted to an animal shelter date = 2019-10-23 keywords = curiosity; day; dog; shelter summary = doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0224252 id = cord-011669-hkkpw2bl author = Rodríguez-Sánchez, Diego Noé title = Lissencephaly in Shih Tzu dogs date = 2020-06-20 keywords = Brazil; MRI; Tzu; dog summary = doi = 10.1186/s13028-020-00528-0 id = cord-329150-9g5nu5ok author = Schredl, Michael title = Dreaming about Dogs: An Online Survey date = 2020-10-19 keywords = dog; dream summary = On the one hand, dog owners dream about dogs more often and had overall positively toned dreams, whereas persons with negative experiences with dogs in their waking life reported a higher percentage of dreams with threatening dogs. Ordinal regressions (cumulative logit model) were used for analyzing the effects of waking-life variables, e.g., owning a dog, having owned a dog, time spent with the dog, or negative experiences in the past with dogs, on dog dream variables (dog dream percentage, emotional tone of dog dreams) controlled for age, sex, education, and dream recall frequency. These persons reported higher percentages of threatening dog dreams, indicating that a negative experience in waking life, e.g., being bitten by a dog during childhood, can have lasting effects on dream life. doi = 10.3390/ani10101915 id = cord-261955-6drue8i9 author = Schulz, B. S. title = Comparison of the prevalence of enteric viruses in healthy dogs and those with acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea by electron microscopy date = 2007-12-18 keywords = AHD; dog summary = High prevalences of CPV and CCoV were detected in faecal samples of dogs with diarrhoea from animal shelters, indicating the influence of hygiene and infection pressure (Stann and others 1984 , Tennant and others 1993 , Sokolow and others 2005 . The present study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of enteric viruses in healthy dogs and to compare the data with prevalences in samples obtained from dogs with acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea (AHD) to gain more information about incidence and importance of enteric viruses in the dog population in Southern Germany. The prevalence of CCoV in dogs with AHD is comparable with older German studies, which examined the faecal samples from dogs with diarrhoea by EM, but so far no information is available about the prevalence of this virus in healthy dogs in Southern Germany. Although healthy dogs shedding CCoV were shown to be significantly younger than virus-negative dogs in this study, this difference in age could not be demonstrated for the patients with AHD. doi = 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2007.00470.x id = cord-285493-eg2ltip6 author = Schwab, S. title = Non-suppurative Meningoencephalitis of Unknown Origin in Cats and Dogs: an Immunohistochemical Study date = 2007-02-01 keywords = CNS; EMCV; WNV; cat; dog summary = doi = 10.1016/j.jcpa.2006.11.006 id = cord-023689-r03j5u18 author = Scott, Danny W. title = Viral, Rickettsial, and Protozoal Skin Diseases date = 2009-05-15 keywords = Fig; Leishmania; canine; cat; dog; lesion; skin summary = doi = 10.1016/b978-0-7216-7618-0.50011-0 id = cord-298155-ou8vjogc author = Silva, Vanessa title = Epidemiological survey on intestinal helminths of stray dogs in Guimarães, Portugal date = 2020-07-27 keywords = FEC; dog summary = The prevalence of intestinal parasites was evaluated by examination of dog faecal sample, in the municipal control animal centre of Guimarães (north Portugal), identifying risk factors and transmission to man. This represent a substantial Public Health risk factor, from an epidemiological point of view, due to the strong environmental contamination of stray dog''s feces, without any deworming program and with a high probability of carrying pathogens and parasites, easily transmitted to man. Natural transmission of parasitic infections from dogs to man may occur, directly or indirectly, via environmental factors and represent a potential public health risk, particularly to individuals with close contact with those animals (Pullola et al. In fact, parasitic infections were observed specially in the third collection, in young animals that had recently arrived and were dewormed, revealing a severe environmental contamination with a higher risk of zoonotic transmission from dogs. doi = 10.1007/s12639-020-01252-2 id = cord-008085-3ihuqvei author = Thomas, William B. title = Nonneoplastic disorders of the brain date = 2005-07-06 keywords = CSF; Fig; MRI; brain; dog; hematoma; lesion summary = doi = 10.1016/s1096-2867(99)80030-9 id = cord-279026-s3yx62u6 author = Tizard, Ian R. title = Adverse consequences of vaccination date = 2020-07-10 keywords = adverse; dog; event; vaccination; vaccine summary = doi = 10.1016/b978-0-323-68299-2.00019-8 id = cord-002122-s2r0en6f author = Toom, Marjolein Lisette den title = Interstitial pneumonia and pulmonary hypertension associated with suspected ehrlichiosis in a dog date = 2016-07-07 keywords = CME; dog; pulmonary summary = BACKGROUND: In dogs with canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME), respiratory signs are uncommon and clinical and radiographic signs of interstitial pneumonia are poorly described. Treatment with oxygen supplementation, a typed packed red blood cell transfusion and medical therapy with doxycycline, pimobendan and sildenafil was initiated and the dog improved clinically. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica *Correspondence: M.L.denToom@uu.nl 1 Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands Full list of author information is available at the end of the article vasorum, Leishmania chagasi, Toxoplasma gondii, Pneumocystis carinii, Babesia canis, Leptospira sp., Mycoplasma sp, canine distemper virus and adenovirus [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] . This case report describes the clinical, radiographic and echocardiographic presentation of a dog with interstitial pneumonia and severe PH suspected to be associated with E. doi = 10.1186/s13028-016-0228-1 id = cord-262612-6mxzwm0h author = Townsend, Wendy M. title = Canine and Feline Uveitis date = 2008-02-23 keywords = BAB; anterior; cat; dog; ocular; uveitis summary = doi = 10.1016/j.cvsm.2007.12.004 id = cord-034471-enmtckpe author = Tuckel, Peter S. title = The changing epidemiology of dog bite injuries in the United States, 2005–2018 date = 2020-11-01 keywords = New; York; dog summary = doi = 10.1186/s40621-020-00281-y id = cord-302261-vpspaxmx author = Whitley, E.M. title = Comparative Pancreatic Pathology date = 2014-08-21 keywords = cell; dog; exocrine; figure; pancreatic summary = doi = 10.1016/b978-0-12-386456-7.03415-8 id = cord-279551-py2awuav author = Willi, Barbara title = Clinical and molecular investigation of a canine distemper outbreak and vector-borne infections in a group of rescue dogs imported from Hungary to Switzerland date = 2015-07-16 keywords = CDV; PCR; Switzerland; dog; table summary = title: Clinical and molecular investigation of a canine distemper outbreak and vector-borne infections in a group of rescue dogs imported from Hungary to Switzerland In the present study, we describe a distemper outbreak in 15 rescue dogs that were imported from Hungary to Switzerland by an animal welfare organisation. Canine distemper virus (CDV) is one of the most important viral pathogens in domestic dogs and causes high morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in unvaccinated dogs or dogs with incomplete vaccination [1] . The study provides data on vaccination, medical history, clinical examinations and diagnostic imaging of the dogs and CDV testing, testing for canine parvovirus (CPV) and vector-borne infections. The vaccine-specific real-time reverse transcription (RT)quantitative (q)PCR was negative for all ten dogs that were tested, which supports the finding of infection with a wild-type CDV strain. doi = 10.1186/s12917-015-0471-0 id = cord-014516-r59usk02 author = nan title = Research Communications of the 24th ECVIM‐CA Congress date = 2015-01-10 keywords = Animal; CHF; CRP; FCV; IBD; Ltd; PCR; SBP; University; cat; concentration; disease; dog; group; study summary = Serum prolactin concentration measured in 22/23 dogs at time zero, 6 weeks and 6 months was 3.35 ng/ml (range, 1.4-6.36), 3.57 ng/ml (range, 1.87-7.39) and 3.92 ng/ml (range, 2.01-12.92) and did not differ significantly in either time period when compared with time zero (P = 0.99 and P = 0.52).Altogether, results of this study failed to demonstrate a significant role of thyroid supplementation on the majority of evaluated behavioural symptoms as well as neurohormonal status of hypothyroid dogs during 6 months of therapy. The aims of the present study were (1) to describe a clinical series of recent autochtonous cases and (2) to retrospectively assess Angiostrongylus vasorum qPCR in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples, collected over the last 7 years from a larger series of dogs, healthy or with other respiratory conditions, in order to investigate the past prevalence of the disease in Belgium. doi = 10.1111/jvim.12491 id = cord-014527-nvzfpntu author = nan title = Research Communications of the 25th ECVIM‐CA Congress date = 2015-11-09 keywords = BCS; CHF; CIPF; CKD; FIP; HCM; IBD; PCR; Staphylococcus; University; VEGF; Veterinary; cat; disclosure; dog; group; study summary = A negative outcome was associated with higher fecal S100A12 concentrations in CE dogs, but the response to different forms of treatment and fecal S100A12 has not been reported, and this information will be important to further evaluate the utility of fecal S100A12 as a biomarker for gastrointestinal disease. Statistical analysis was performed using non-parametric 2-or multiple-group comparisons, the likelihood ratio to evaluate the association between groups of dogs and response to treatment, and a receiver operating characteristic curve to calculate sensitivity and specificity at the optimum cut-off concentration. The objectives of this study were to describe pulmonary transit time and myocardial perfusion normalized to heart rate (nPTT and nMP, respectively), evaluated by means of contrast echocardiography, in dogs with stable stage C ACVIM myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD), and to assess short-term effects of pimobendan on these parameters. doi = 10.1111/jvim.13647 id = cord-022597-9b1a8cri author = nan title = Hematopoietic Tumors date = 2009-05-15 keywords = CLL; Figure; bone; case; cat; cell; dog; leukemia; lymphoma; report; tumor summary = Hepatosplenic lymphoma is a relatively uncommon, distinct presentation in the dog marked by a lack of peripheral lymphadenopathy in the face of hepatic, splenic, and bone marrow infiltration with malignant lymphocytes, usually of T-cell origin. The prognosis for canine lymphoma varies and depends on a number of factors, such as the location of disease, the extent of disease (the clinical stage), the presence or absence of clinical signs (the substage), the histologic grade, the immunophenotype (T cell or B cell), exposure to previous chemotherapy or corticosteroids and subsequent development of MDR (see Chapter 11), altered cell death processes (apoptosis), the proliferation rate of the tumor, the presence of concurrent medical problems or paraneoplastic conditions (e.g., hypercalcemia, weight loss, and liver insufficiency), and possibly gender.* Although canine lymphoma is rarely curable (fewer than 10% of cases), complete responses and a good quality of life during extended remissions and survival are typical. doi = 10.1016/b978-072160558-6.50034-4 id = cord-022754-ehq9qnoo author = nan title = Liver date = 2012-07-25 keywords = ALF; ALP; APSC; Bedlington; CPSS; Doberman; Pinschers; Terriers; alt; bile; cat; cause; chronic; clinical; copper; disease; dog; figure; hepatic; hepatitis; increase; liver; portal; serum summary = Conversely, in cases of chronic end-stage liver disease, such as cirrhosis, serum hepatic enzyme activities may not be markedly increased, or may even be within the reference interval as a result of the replacement of hepatocytes with fibrous tissue. World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA) Standards for the Clinical and Histological Diagnosis of Canine and Feline Liver Disease suggest that the cytologic evaluation of bile forms part of the minimum diagnostic requirement for cats with extrahepatic cholestasis and for dogs guidance. 32 Hyperglobulinemia can be seen in dogs with cirrhosis, but it remains to be determined whether this corresponds with increased autoantibodies as occurs in humans with autoimmune hepatitis, or whether it reflects nonspecific systemic antibody production in response to antigens from the portal blood which bypass the liver through acquired PSSs. 83 Mild nonregenerative anemia may be a reflection of chronic disease. doi = 10.1016/b978-1-4160-3661-6.00061-4 id = cord-022756-kdgo4rqb author = nan title = Hematopoietic Tumors date = 2012-11-28 keywords = CLL; CML; CNS; case; cat; cell; chapter; chop; dog; figure; lymphoma; tumor summary = Hepatosplenic lymphoma is a relatively uncommon, distinct presentation in the dog marked by a lack of significant peripheral lymphadenopathy in the face of hepatic, splenic, and bone marrow infiltration with malignant lymphocytes, usually of T-cell origin. In a randomized study of 60 dogs with lymphoma comparing CHOP-based chemotherapy with CHOPbased chemotherapy and a human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) DNA cationic-lipid complexed autologous whole tumor cell vaccine, a small measure of immunomodulation was documented by delayed-type hypersensitivity; however, significant improvement in clinical outcome was not noted. 263 Total body irradiation (and/or ablative chemotherapy) for complete or partial bone marrow ablation followed by reconstitution with bone marrow or stem-cell transplant in dogs, although a recognized model in comparative research settings, 264,265 is still in its early phases of development and application in clinical veterinary It is associated with slow progression and long-term survival following corticosteroid management; however, it does have the potential to progress to high-grade lymphoma. doi = 10.1016/b978-1-4377-2362-5.00032-3 id = cord-023095-4dannjjm author = nan title = Research Abstract Program of the 2011 ACVIM Forum Denver, Colorado, June 15–18, 2011 date = 2011-05-03 keywords = ACTH; CHF; CKCS; CKD; DMVD; ECG; ELISA; IBD; PCR; TLR5; University; Veterinary; blood; cat; concentration; day; disease; dna; dog; group; horse; sample; study; test; time; treatment summary = The purpose of this study was to determine the short-term effects of ivabradine on heart rate (HR), blood pressure, left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function, left atrial (LA) performance, and clinical tolerance in healthy cats after repeated oral doses. The goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between heart rate and ECG time intervals to body mass in apparently healthy horses and ponies and to calculate normal ranges for different weight groups. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of hypercoagulability in PLN dogs based on thromboelastography (TEG), and to determine whether hypercoagulability in these patients could be predicted by clinical assessments that identify systemic hypertension (systolic blood pressure 4 160 mmHg), hypoalbuminemia (serum albumin o 2.7 mg/dl), antithrombin activity (o 70%), and degree of proteinuria (urine protein:creatinine ratio [UPC] ! doi = 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.0726.x id = cord-023134-y665agnh author = nan title = Oral Research Communications of the 22(nd) ECVIM‐CA Congress date = 2012-11-20 keywords = BEM; CKD; DCM; IBD; IPF; PCR; SAM; cat; disease; dog; group; study summary = Doppler echocardiographic indices of diastolic function of the right ventricle are good prognostic markers during left ventricular (LV) failure secondary to ischemic and dilated cardiomyopathy.The aims of the present study were: to assess LV and RV diastolic function by conventional Doppler and pulsed-wave tissue Doppler imaging (PW-TDI) in dogs with mitral valve disease (MVD), with or without pulmonary hypertension (PH); to test if echocardiographic parameters of LV and RV diastolic dysfunction correlate to the Doppler-estimated pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP).114 dogs were prospectively evaluated, including 86 dogs with MVD. The aims of the present study were to assess whether diabetic cats have pathological evidence of islet inflammation or pancreatitis and to define islet lesions in comparison to a well-matched control population.Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded pancreatic samples were collected from post-mortem examination performed on diabetic and control cats died due to any disease at the Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, University of Zurich (Switzerland) between 1997 and 2009. doi = 10.1111/jvim.12000 id = cord-023353-2yoz1t6a author = nan title = ABSTRACTS FROM THE 2010 EVDI ANNUAL MEETING date = 2010-12-28 keywords = Doppler; MRI; Purpose; University; Veterinary; cat; conclusion; dog; image; lesion; method; result; study summary = 3 Department of Physiology and Biometry, Ghent University, Belgium Introduction/Purpose: The microbubble-based contrast agents for ultrasonography have become more used in recent years in dogs1, and have been reported to be useful in differentiating adenomas from nonadenomatous lesions in human patients with adrenal masses2. Peak intensity Time to Introduction/Purpose: Studies with contrast enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) on focal splenic lesions have shown discrepancies in accuracy for differentiating benign from malignant lesions.1-3 A speculative explanation for false positives may be the absence of a dual blood supply to the spleen compared to the liver. 1 The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that the suggested maximum normal kidney size obtained from radiographs is too high and also to evaluate whether breed type (brachycephalic, doliocephalic, mesocephalic), age, gender, weight and body condition of the dog have an impact on kidney size. doi = 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2010.01774.x