Summary of your 'study carrel' ============================== This is a summary of your Distant Reader 'study carrel'. The Distant Reader harvested & cached your content into a collection/corpus. It then applied sets of natural language processing and text mining against the collection. The results of this process was reduced to a database file -- a 'study carrel'. The study carrel can then be queried, thus bringing light specific characteristics for your collection. These characteristics can help you summarize the collection as well as enumerate things you might want to investigate more closely. This report is a terse narrative report, and when processing is complete you will be linked to a more complete narrative report. Eric Lease Morgan Number of items in the collection; 'How big is my corpus?' ---------------------------------------------------------- 99 Average length of all items measured in words; "More or less, how big is each item?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12224 Average readability score of all items (0 = difficult; 100 = easy) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 47 Top 50 statistically significant keywords; "What is my collection about?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 98 ECMO 29 patient 17 COVID-19 17 ARDS 12 ICU 8 study 8 extracorporeal 7 result 7 high 7 group 7 day 7 Care 6 sofa 6 mortality 6 Intensive 6 Hospital 6 Fig 5 method 5 VAP 5 AKI 4 level 4 introduction 4 conclusion 4 blood 4 January 3 pulmonary 3 membrane 3 increase 3 failure 3 der 3 covid-19 3 Unit 3 NIV 3 IQR 3 ELSO 3 ECLS 3 APACHE 2 und 2 table 2 sepsis 2 respiratory 2 prone 2 mit 2 mean 2 infant 2 hour 2 figure 2 die 2 child 2 acute Top 50 lemmatized nouns; "What is discussed?" --------------------------------------------- 16493 patient 11496 % 4447 study 3638 group 2900 day 2820 p 2721 mortality 2602 result 2276 care 2018 blood 2000 method 1999 failure 1954 case 1856 ventilation 1792 level 1781 outcome 1741 hospital 1710 rate 1672 pressure 1663 analysis 1651 datum 1648 time 1563 conclusion 1537 lung 1527 score 1520 treatment 1505 oxygenation 1489 year 1482 risk 1477 infection 1427 admission 1364 support 1349 therapy 1343 membrane 1289 age 1210 factor 1196 shock 1178 sepsis 1136 effect 1131 use 1077 unit 1063 complication 1058 disease 1037 period 1034 value 1008 h 957 n 942 hour 937 syndrome 927 volume Top 50 proper nouns; "What are the names of persons or places?" -------------------------------------------------------------- 4165 ECMO 3558 ICU 1382 ARDS 706 de 609 COVID-19 591 Care 528 II 525 la 509 CI 507 ± 506 AKI 483 VA 449 Fig 445 mg 408 kg 396 ECLS 380 Intensive 379 Hospital 362 VAP 349 VV 330 C 325 et 302 L 293 MV 291 al 289 January 288 der 277 di 276 un 271 • 268 . 252 CT 252 CO 251 Group 251 APACHE 248 LV 246 University 229 NIV 226 y 221 China 220 A 219 ELSO 214 Table 213 min 205 PP 205 B 197 IQR 197 CPB 189 Unit 186 S Top 50 personal pronouns nouns; "To whom are things referred?" ------------------------------------------------------------- 3750 we 1427 it 473 they 462 i 334 them 179 he 113 she 71 us 30 themselves 30 itself 19 one 17 you 11 him 10 me 8 himself 5 her 4 aptt 3 ours 3 herself 3 em 2 thee 2 s 2 oneself 2 mg 1 tv/ 1 to/ 1 tnfrt 1 t 1 sglt2-inhibitors 1 rrt 1 p~ 1 p.dligh]cine 1 olhf).the 1 ol!guria 1 m 1 imagej 1 ifitem 1 hom'~ 1 hav~ 1 gas6 1 etco~. 1 erst 1 emergen~ 1 eleven/36 1 bear-2001 1 ar)d 1 alpha=0.05 Top 50 lemmatized verbs; "What do things do?" --------------------------------------------- 37938 be 5136 have 3094 use 2049 include 1874 associate 1620 increase 1478 compare 1442 show 1343 perform 1176 do 1156 receive 1139 follow 1058 require 933 admit 909 evaluate 907 assess 820 treat 813 find 809 die 808 measure 778 improve 760 report 718 reduce 707 identify 675 develop 675 base 663 decrease 652 consider 651 relate 638 provide 619 observe 607 study 604 determine 595 define 588 remain 583 induce 578 occur 567 accord 548 obtain 544 present 526 predict 519 undergo 519 need 503 suggest 502 collect 492 describe 483 lead 456 ventilate 453 make 436 mean Top 50 lemmatized adjectives and adverbs; "How are things described?" --------------------------------------------------------------------- 2847 not 2608 high 2412 respiratory 2264 - 1935 severe 1901 acute 1636 clinical 1467 low 1451 extracorporeal 1362 more 1336 cardiac 1235 significant 1229 pulmonary 1163 mechanical 1153 intensive 1103 first 1024 significantly 962 also 954 other 942 early 937 mean 933 well 922 only 907 septic 891 non 888 most 864 however 846 arterial 820 ill 806 critically 776 respectively 723 medical 646 different 618 renal 611 median 592 as 586 long 582 retrospective 578 positive 571 venous 571 prospective 553 such 542 critical 515 common 513 less 509 patient 477 initial 472 post 457 normal 452 total Top 50 lemmatized superlative adjectives; "How are things described to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 198 most 152 least 149 good 96 high 83 Most 45 low 39 large 23 bad 22 great 16 common 13 late 11 strong 7 sick 7 near 7 long 5 young 5 old 4 small 3 early 3 close 2 southernmost 2 severe 2 p=0.016 2 cfDNA 2 Least 2 HBcAb 1 ~I 1 weak 1 tough 1 slight 1 simple 1 short 1 safe 1 quick 1 postsurgery 1 poor 1 palienl 1 oflNO 1 new 1 intraarr 1 hard 1 geringere 1 dry 1 cord-006251-danl62io 1 clear 1 broad 1 big 1 bare 1 andQT 1 ana Top 50 lemmatized superlative adverbs; "How do things do to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 690 most 149 least 14 well 2 highest 1 worst 1 themost 1 sickest 1 long 1 hard Top 50 Internet domains; "What Webbed places are alluded to in this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 orcid.org 4 doi.org 2 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov 2 www.cdc.gov 2 swissmodel.expasy.org 2 kns.cnki.net 2 github.com 2 en.nhc.gov 2 blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov 1 www.respscore.com 1 www.novalung 1 www.eslonet.com 1 www.elso.org 1 links.lww.com 1 journals.lww.com 1 en 1 covid19.elso.org 1 clinicaltrials 1 bit.ly Top 50 URLs; "What is hyperlinked from this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------- 2 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ 2 http://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html 2 http://swissmodel.expasy.org 2 http://kns.cnki.net/ 2 http://github.com/rrwick/Porechop 2 http://en.nhc.gov 2 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.15.20122523 2 http://doi.org/10 2 http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi 1 http://www.respscore.com/ 1 http://www.novalung 1 http://www.eslonet.com 1 http://www.elso.org 1 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9563-924XFarzaneh 1 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1738-4448 1 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1407-9368 1 http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7253-4333 1 http://links.lww.com/CCX/A357 1 http://journals.lww.com/ccejournal 1 http://en 1 http://covid19.elso.org 1 http://clinicaltrials 1 http://bit.ly/2S38SaC Top 50 email addresses; "Who are you gonna call?" ------------------------------------------------- 2 yacine001@yahoo.fr 2 oussamajaoued@gmail.com 2 benhamzasabah5@gmail.com 1 sophie.jacquier@chr-orleans.fr 1 samia.ayed@yahoo.fr 1 sadatsouhila@hotmail.fr 1 pierre-emmanuel.falcoz@wanadoo.fr 1 paul.jaubert@gmail.com 1 painvinbe@gmail.com 1 nicolas.garbez@umontpellier.fr 1 nabilghomari@hotmail.fr 1 mel.fromentin@wanadoo.fr 1 mariem241090@gmail.com 1 marielemerle@yahoo.fr 1 lisaleon1307@gmail.com 1 lea.savary@hotmail.com 1 khaoula87@hotmail.fr 1 kais.regaieg@gmail.com 1 julien.goutay@gmail.com 1 jorriera@vhebron.net 1 jhysmc@gmail.com 1 jean-luc.baudel@aphp.fr 1 jabirachid@gmail.com 1 hgheerbrant@chu-grenoble.fr 1 guillaume.geri@aphp.fr 1 gmaclaren@iinet.net.au 1 geoffroyhariri@hotmail.com 1 gautier.nitel@gmail.com 1 fanny.ardisson@gmail.com 1 erwan.begot@chu-bordeaux.fr 1 dr.amira.jamoussi@gmail.com 1 claravigneron@hotmail.fr 1 chiche@aphp.fr 1 cguetteche@gmail.com 1 alex.lepage-farrell@umontreal.ca 1 alain.combes@aphp.fr 1 adnanejanati@gmail.com 1 picu@its.mew.edu 1 nicu-net@u.washington.edu 1 -zakaria.riad@icloud.com 1 -titeca.dimitri@chu-amiens.fr 1 -tardif.elsa@gmail.com 1 -sahar.habacha@gmail.com 1 -mickaelandais@gmail.com 1 -maud.loiselle@outlook.fr 1 -m.goulmane@hotmail.com 1 -laurent.brisard@chu-nantes.fr 1 -jonathan.dugernier@uclouvain.be 1 -gioia.gastaldi@chu-rouen.fr 1 -faouzi.saliba@pbr.aphp.fr Top 50 positive assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-noun?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 23 patients receiving ecmo 20 levels were significantly 19 patients did not 18 patients receiving venovenous 16 mortality was significantly 15 mortality was higher 13 ecmo is not 13 patients requiring ecmo 12 data are available 12 patients were successfully 12 study are available 11 groups did not 10 % were male 10 patients receiving extracorporeal 10 patients were eligible 9 patients requiring mechanical 9 patients were not 9 patients were prospectively 9 score was significantly 8 mortality was similar 8 patients received ecmo 8 patients were male 8 patients were mechanically 8 patients were more 7 groups were comparable 7 groups were similar 7 patients required mechanical 7 patients were randomly 7 rate was significantly 7 study has several 6 data were retrospectively 6 ecmo was not 6 levels were higher 6 levels were not 6 patients receiving mechanical 6 rate was higher 6 rate was not 5 ecmo is effective 5 group was significantly 5 levels were lower 5 mortality did not 5 mortality was not 5 patient did not 5 patients do not 5 patients had at 5 patients had more 5 patients had severe 5 patients has not 5 patients were men 5 score was higher Top 50 negative assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-no|not-noun?" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 mortality was not significantly 2 failure were not different 2 levels were not different 2 patients had no significant 2 patients have no respiratory 2 rate was not different 2 scores were not different 2 study found no significant 1 % had no recovery 1 % had no risk 1 analysis is not exhaustive 1 analysis showed no difference 1 analysis was not able 1 blood are not interchangeable 1 care are not well 1 care did not statistically 1 care is no longer 1 care is not different 1 care is not still 1 care was not adequate 1 care were not generally 1 cases had no history 1 cases was not enough 1 data are not publicly 1 data was not statistically 1 data were not statistically 1 ecmo are not strictly 1 ecmo is not detrimental 1 ecmo is not frequently 1 ecmo is not readily 1 ecmo is not well 1 ecmo was not available 1 ecmo was not futile 1 ecmo was not longer 1 ecmo were not statistically 1 failure are not yet 1 group is not different 1 group showed no significant 1 group was not significant 1 group was not significantly 1 group were not significantly 1 groups had no difference 1 groups was no more 1 groups was not possible 1 groups was not significantly 1 hospital was no longer 1 hospitals have no access 1 icu is not specific 1 icu were not so 1 level was no significant A rudimentary bibliography -------------------------- id = cord-319101-2vdd10mu author = Abrams, Darryl title = ECMO during the COVID-19 pandemic: when is it unjustified? date = 2020-08-17 keywords = ECMO summary = Intensive care units (ICUs) overwhelmed by critically ill patients may create non-conventional ICU spaces and even consider triaging invasive mechanical ventilation to those most likely to benefit [2] . The use of ECMO taxes many resources, but none more so than staffing-increased nursing ratios, need for ECMO specialists, disproportionate medical provider time, not to mention other staff, such as respiratory or physical therapists, who would be needed elsewhere for the care of other patients [9] . During non-pandemic times, in hospitals or regions with sufficient staffing reserves and provider availability, it may be understandable why clinicians might attempt ECMO in a candidate with a low, but acceptable, probability of benefit (e.g., a post-partum patient with refractory shock in multisystem organ failure). Position paper for the organization of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation programs for acute respiratory failure in adult patients doi = 10.1186/s13054-020-03230-9 id = cord-265647-uvajk3ea author = Ahmadi, Zargham Hossein title = Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and COVID‐19: The causes of failure date = 2020-07-17 keywords = ECMO summary = authors: Ahmadi, Zargham Hossein; Jahangirifard, Alireza; Farzanegan, Behrooz; Tabarsi, Payam; Abtahian, Zahra; Abedini, Atefeh; Sharifi, Mehrzad; Jadbabaei, Amir Naser; Mafhumi, Yadollah; Moslem, Ali; Sistani, Marjan; Yousefian, Sahar; Saffaei, Ali; Dastan, Farzaneh INTRODUCTION: Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV‐ECMO) is a therapeutic strategy for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Because of severe persistent hypoxemia, the patient was intubated for invasive mechanical ventilation; however, due to progressive hypoxemia, the VV-ECMO was applied 2 days later, and oxygen saturation increased to 96%. The chest X-ray imaging of patients at first day of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation starting intubated due to severe ARDS. Hypercoagulability state and oxygenator failure were the most important etiologies for VV-ECMO failure in COVID-19 patients with severe ARDS in our study. Mechanical ventilation during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in patients with acute severe respiratory failure doi = 10.1111/jocs.14867 id = cord-006556-hmzoxqu3 author = Alibrahim, Omar S. title = Extracorporeal Life Support: Four Decades and Counting date = 2017-04-12 keywords = ECLS; ECMO; ELSO; extracorporeal; membrane summary = Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) or extracorporeal life support (ECLS) is a form of heart lung bypass that is used to support neonates, pediatrics, and adult patients with cardiorespiratory failure for days or weeks till organ recovery or transplantation. As of July 2016 Extracorporeal Life Support Organization''s (ELSO) report, a total of 36,964 neonates were supported by ECLS, the majority (29,153) with severe respiratory failure with a survival rate of 74% [22] . This regained confidence in adult respiratory ECLS was boosted by the encouraging results of the CESAR trial (efficacy and economics assessment of conventional ventilatory support versus extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe adult respiratory failure) by Peek and colleagues in the UK [73] . ECLS or ECMO is an acceptable mode of support in neonates, pediatrics, and adults with acute cardiorespiratory failure unresponsive to conventional therapies with an overall survival of 58%. Enhanced fluid management with continuous venovenous hemofiltration in pediatric respiratory failure patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support doi = 10.1007/s40140-017-0210-0 id = cord-345040-cuau2dcy author = Alom, Samiha title = Use of ECMO in COVID-19 patients: Does the evidence suffice? date = 2020-07-30 keywords = COVID-19; ECMO summary = doi = 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.07.070 id = cord-311176-dlwph5za author = Alshahrani, Mohammed S. title = Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus date = 2018-01-10 keywords = ECMO; MERS; patient summary = doi = 10.1186/s13613-017-0350-x id = cord-003416-c22kw6f4 author = Baek, Moon Seong title = Improvement in the survival rates of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation-supported respiratory failure patients: a multicenter retrospective study in Korean patients date = 2019-01-03 keywords = ECMO; Korea summary = title: Improvement in the survival rates of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation-supported respiratory failure patients: a multicenter retrospective study in Korean patients Recently, the EOLIA trial reported that in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) there was no significant difference in 60-day mortality between patients who received early ECMO and those who received conventional mechanical ventilation that included ECMO as rescue therapy [6] . Factors associated with mortality in patients supported with ECMO Multiple regression analysis was performed using age, sex, year, APACHE II score, SOFA score, immunocompromised status, CNS dysfunction, corticosteroid, CRRT, prone positioning, nitric oxide, neuromuscular blocker, 1.031, 1.114) ), and prolonged ECMO duration (OR 1.020 (95% CI 1.003, 1.038)) were associated with increased odds of mortality ( Table 4 ). This multicenter study was conducted to evaluate the change in survival rates of patients who received ECMO support for acute respiratory failure in Korea. doi = 10.1186/s13054-018-2293-5 id = cord-308813-4ah3cdph author = Bartlett, Robert H. title = Initial ELSO Guidance Document: ECMO for COVID-19 Patients with Severe Cardiopulmonary Failure date = 2020-04-01 keywords = COVID-19; ECMO summary = title: Initial ELSO Guidance Document: ECMO for COVID-19 Patients with Severe Cardiopulmonary Failure The Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) and all of the ELSO worldwide chapters have prepared this document to describe when and how to use extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in COVID-19 patients during this pandemic. 4 Due to the intensive hospital resource utilization, substantial staff training, and multidisciplinary needs associated with starting an ECMO program, ELSO recommends against starting new ECMO centers for the sole purpose of treating patients with COVID-19. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation indications, access, and management are described in the ELSO Guidance for Adult Respiratory and Cardiac failure on the ELSO web site (https:// elso.org). For adult respiratory failure, the recently published EOLIA trial contains three indications that define severe ARDS where ECMO may be useful. For ELSO member centers, when you use ECMO for COVID-19, please enter your patient in the Registry at the time they go on (and later when discharged). doi = 10.1097/mat.0000000000001173 id = cord-006181-fkh2fzbr author = Bednarczyk, Joseph M. title = Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for blastomycosis-related acute respiratory distress syndrome: a case series date = 2015-04-08 keywords = ARDS; ECMO; patient summary = This report describes the clinical course of four consecutive patients with blastomycosis-related ARDS treated with venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) during 2009-2014. 3 Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been utilized for the management of severe ARDS to facilitate gas exchange, allow lung rest by deescalation of ventilatory support, and provide time for resolution of the underlying disease. 7 Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is generally considered in ARDS patients with refractory hypoxemia or hypercapnia despite a lung protective ventilation strategy or in those where the maintenance of adequate gas exchange requires potentially injurious applied volumes or pressures. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation may be an effective treatment modality for patients with blastomycosis-related ARDS and refractory hypoxemia despite optimal mechanical ventilation. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in fulminant blastomycosis in Germany doi = 10.1007/s12630-015-0378-z id = cord-351134-khgneone author = Bleakley, Caroline title = Contrast echocardiography in VV-ECMO dependent COVID-19 patients date = 2020-07-17 keywords = ECMO summary = doi = 10.1016/j.echo.2020.07.012 id = cord-007550-2b62zaur author = Buchtele, Nina title = Feasibility and safety of watershed detection by contrast-enhanced ultrasound in patients receiving peripheral venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a prospective observational study date = 2020-04-02 keywords = CEUS; ECMO summary = title: Feasibility and safety of watershed detection by contrast-enhanced ultrasound in patients receiving peripheral venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a prospective observational study We assessed the feasibility and safety of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) to detect the watershed at the bedside in patients on bifemoral VA ECMO at three ICUs of a European tertiary care facility. The feasibility of CEUS was assessed based on qualitative image evaluation, the amount of contrast media administered, and the rate of bubble detection. In the remaining five patients, contrast-enhanced continuous blood flow was visible throughout the abdominal and thoracic aorta indicating watershed location close to the aortic root. This study assessed the feasibility of CEUS for watershed detection at the bedside in patients on bifemoral VA ECMO. In bifemoral VA ECMO, CEUS may help to identify patients at risk for differential hypoxia, given that left radial arterial pulsatility was present in all study patients, including those in whom the watershed was located near the aortic root. doi = 10.1186/s13054-020-02849-y id = cord-304762-j7pu8bv1 author = Byun, Joung Hun title = Veno-Arterial-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in a Critically Ill Patient with Coronavirus Disease 2019 date = 2020-09-30 keywords = ECMO; VAV summary = doi = 10.3390/medicina56100510 id = cord-326306-ormm9rax author = Calcaterra, Domenico title = Bedside veno‐venous ECMO cannulation: A pertinent strategy during the COVID‐19 pandemic date = 2020-06-12 keywords = ECMO; extracorporeal summary = doi = 10.1111/jocs.14641 id = cord-006621-0fxpn7qf author = Cantwell, Tamara title = Leptospirosis-associated catastrophic respiratory failure supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation date = 2017-10-10 keywords = ECMO; leptospirosis; patient summary = title: Leptospirosis-associated catastrophic respiratory failure supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation The clinical relevance of the case is the scared evidence of leptospirosis-associated severe respiratory failure treated with ECMO. A high index of suspicion is needed for an adequate diagnosis of leptospirosis to implement the correct treatment, particularly in the association of respiratory failure, pulmonary hemorrhage, and an epidemiological-related context. Leptospirosis can present with a wide range of symptoms, mimicking flu, hepatitis, dengue, hanta virus cardiopulmonary syndrome, meningitis, among others, and has a specific treatment; thus, clinical suspicion must remain high and serological diagnosis should be performed. The most severe clinical form of leptospirosis is known as Weil''s disease, which is uncommon (5-10% of cases), and is characterized by hepatic, renal, and pulmonary involvement [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] . In the case presented, profound septic shock, with MOF and catastrophic ARDS, made it impossible to ventilate the patient protectively and simultaneously supply adequate oxygenation and ventilation; thus, ECMO was initiated. doi = 10.1007/s10047-017-0998-x id = cord-295681-l414z6gc author = Chow, Justin title = Cardiovascular Collapse in COVID-19 Infection: The Role of Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (VA-ECMO) date = 2020-04-08 keywords = COVID-19; ECMO summary = COVID-19 has been associated with cardiovascular complications including acute cardiac injury, heart failure and cardiogenic shock. We identified potential clinical scenarios (cardiac injury, myocardial infarction with and without obstructive coronary artery disease, viral myocarditis, and decompensated heart failure) leading to CS and risk factors for poor/uncertain benefit (age, sepsis, mixed/predominantly vasodilatory shock, prothrombotic state and/or coagulopathy, severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, multi-organ failure or high-risk prognostic scores) specific to using VA-ECMO as BTR in COVID-19 infection. We identified potential clinical scenarios (cardiac injury, myocardial infarction with and without obstructive coronary artery disease, viral myocarditis, and decompensated heart failure) leading to CS and risk factors for poor/uncertain benefit (age, sepsis, mixed/predominantly vasodilatory shock, prothrombotic state and/or coagulopathy, severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, multi-organ failure or high-risk prognostic scores) specific to using VA-ECMO as BTR in COVID-19 infection. Cardiovascular Considerations for Patients, Health Care Workers, and Health Systems During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic doi = 10.1016/j.cjco.2020.04.003 id = cord-010536-9ea7vvsz author = Chu, Yanan title = Clinical characteristics and imaging manifestations of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A multi-center study in Wenzhou city, Zhejiang, China date = 2020-04-28 keywords = ECMO summary = The authors performed a retrospective multi-center cohort study and presented important data regarding the observation that most patients of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) from Wenzhou city, Zhejiang, exhibited mild infection. No study to date has provided evidence that the clinical features of critically ill patients with confirmed COVID-19 from Zhejiang province. We performed a single-centered, retrospective, observational study to investigate the clinical characteristics and ventilation conditions of critically ill patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. From late January, 2020, to February 23, 2020, 33 critically ill patients in the ICU of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University who were diagnosed as COVID-19 in accordance with the diagnosis and treatment guidance published by the Chinese government were enrolled in the study2. The baseline epidemiological characteristics and clinical features of 33 studied patients as classified by with or without ECMO treatment, were shown in Table 1 . doi = 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.023 id = cord-000308-cxr1ul7q author = Cianchi, Giovanni title = Ventilatory and ECMO treatment of H1N1-induced severe respiratory failure: results of an Italian referral ECMO center date = 2011-01-11 keywords = ECMO; H1N1; LUS; patient summary = BACKGROUND: Since the first outbreak of a respiratory illness caused by H1N1 virus in Mexico, several reports have described the need of intensive care or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) assistance in young and often healthy patients. Since the first outbreak of a respiratory illness caused by Influenza A (H1N1) virus in Mexico [1] , several reports have described the need of intensive care [2] [3] [4] or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) assistance [5] in young and often healthy patients. In the present investigation we report our experience, as an ECMO referral center, in H1N1-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and we present the critical care service planning in response to the H1N1 pandemic. List of abbreviations ARDS: acute respiratory distress syndrome; BMI: body mass index; CVVH: continuous veno-venous hemofiltration; ECMO: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; ICU: intensive care unit; LOS: length of stay; LUS: lung ultrasound; RT-PCR: real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction; SAPS: simplified acute physiology score. doi = 10.1186/1471-2466-11-2 id = cord-305758-6twwcp47 author = Combes, Alain title = ECMO for severe ARDS: systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis date = 2020-10-06 keywords = ARDS; CESAR; ECMO summary = METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) performed after Jan 1, 2000 comparing ECMO to conventional management in patients with severe ARDS. In this individual patient data meta-analysis of patients with severe ARDS included in the CESAR [15] and EOLIA [17] randomised trials, there is strong evidence to suggest that early recourse to ECMO leads to a reduction in 90-day mortality and less treatment failure compared with conventional ventilatory support. doi = 10.1007/s00134-020-06248-3 id = cord-324296-a9as72bx author = Combes, Alain title = Extracorporeal life support for adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome date = 2020-11-02 keywords = ARDS; ECCO; ECLS; ECMO; extracorporeal summary = doi = 10.1007/s00134-020-06290-1 id = cord-276141-niy9bgg1 author = Dai, Qing-Qing title = Clinical efficacy of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in cardiogenic shock patients: a multi-center study date = 2020-09-20 keywords = ECMO summary = title: Clinical efficacy of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in cardiogenic shock patients: a multi-center study [5] Repeated measures ANOVA showed that the dynamic changes of mean arterial pressure (MAP), central venous pressure (CVP) and PaO 2 /FiO 2 and creatinine were significantly different between ECMO group and control group. The improvement on MAP, PaO 2 /FiO 2 , and CVP demonstrated that ECMO was more effective than the conventional treatment. Heart rate (HR), MAP, central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO 2 ), and hemoglobin (Hb) were significantly different between non-survivors and survivors in ECMO group. The generalized linear model for repeated measurement analysis of HR, MAP, and ScvO 2 showed that the outcome of ECMO patients could be estimated based on those factors. Clinical efficacy of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in cardiogenic shock patients: a multi-center study Figure 1: The generalized linear mode for repeated measurement analysis of different parameters of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and control groups (n = 27) doi = 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001030 id = cord-293475-6ghjewxc author = Douedi, Steven title = Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation as Treatment of Severe COVID-19 Infection: A Case Report date = 2020-04-17 keywords = ECMO summary = title: Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation as Treatment of Severe COVID-19 Infection: A Case Report While some studies have shown a high mortality rate despite aggressive treatment, such as in our case, the lack of large sample size studies and treatment alternatives places healthcare providers against a wall without options in patients with severe refractory ARDS due to COVID-19. Despite aggressive management, she developed severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and was requiring higher mechanical ventilation settings (100% fraction of inspired oxygen and 16 of positive end-expiratory pressure). In patients with severe ARDS unresponsive to mechanical ventilation, prone positioning, and other alternatives, the need for further studies and understanding the role of ECMO in respiratory failure need to be assessed. VV-ECMO use in patients with severe refractory ARDS due to COVID-19 infections is still controversial. Due to limited alternatives and treatment options for patients with severe refractory ARDS, studies evaluating the use of ECMO in COVID-19 are desperately needed. doi = 10.7759/cureus.7714 id = cord-309739-3smgv1ma author = Doyle, Andrew J title = Blood Component Use in Critical Care in Patients with COVID‐19 Infection: A Single Centre Experience date = 2020-07-08 keywords = COVID-19; ECMO summary = doi = 10.1111/bjh.17007 id = cord-030198-3xmibi74 author = Gimeno-Costa, Ricardo title = COVID-19 respiratory failure: ECMO support for children and young adult patients() date = 2020-08-07 keywords = ECMO summary = 1 Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children has been described as being less severe with a shorter recovery time, 2 we present the case of a female patient aged 16 years, previously healthy and with no known contacts with COVID-19, that suffered severe pneumonia due to infection by SARS-CoV-2 requiring venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and experienced a full recovery. After 8 days in the ICU and 7 in the inpatient ward of the referral hospital, the patient was discharged home without need of supplemental oxygen and was able to walk unassisted (negative PCR test for SARS-CoV-2) ( Figure 1D ). 4 Although cases of pneumonia due to SARS-CoV-2 have been reported in infants 5 , children 6 and young adults, 1 these patients have generally had good outcomes and rarely required extracorporeal life support. C) Chest department at admission to ICU after transfer to referral hospital (day 0 of ECMO). doi = 10.1016/j.anpede.2020.05.004 id = cord-292854-li0s7uk5 author = Gimeno-Costa, Ricardo title = INSUFICIENCIA RESPIRATORIA COVID-19: SOPORTE CON ECMO PARA NIÑOS Y ADULTOS JÓVENES date = 2020-06-11 keywords = ECMO summary = Aunque en niños la enfermedad se describe como menos grave y con un tiempo de recuperación más corto 2 , presentamos el caso de una paciente de 16 años, sana y sin contactos conocidos con COVID-19, que sufrió una neumonía grave por SARS-CoV-2 que requirió ECMO veno-venosa y que se ha recuperado por completo. Aunque se han descrito casos de neumonía por SARS CoV-2 en neonatos 5 , niños 6 y adultos jóvenes 1 , su evolución ha sido, generalmente, favorable, siendo marginal la necesidad de apoyo extracorpóreo. Nuestra paciente sufrió una neumonía grave, refractaria a la terapia convencional y requirió ECMO. Los pacientes COVID-19 adultos necesitan entre 20 y 50 días de soporte extracorpóreo para recuperarse. En este caso, la ECMO durante 7 días fue suficiente para mantener la oxigenación y permitió realizar una ventilación ultra-protectora hasta que la respuesta inflamatoria disminuyó. doi = 10.1016/j.anpedi.2020.05.007 id = cord-312748-9v2bmbod author = Guo, Zhen title = Anticoagulation Management in Severe COVID-19 Patients on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation date = 2020-09-04 keywords = ECMO; covid-19; patient summary = OBJECTIVE: To explore special coagulation characteristics and anticoagulation management in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation assisted patients with coronavirus disease 2019. CONCLUSIONS: Hypercoagulability and secondary hyperfibrinolysis during ECMO support in COVID-19 patients are common and possibly increase the propensity for thrombotic events and failure of the oxygenator. A majority of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients have mild symptoms and recover completely; however, approximately 5-14% become severely or critically ill with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission 3 . This study aims to summarize the coagulation characteristics, anticoagulation management, and complications of COVID-19 patients who received ECMO support in Shanghai, China. In this study we found that the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients were different from those of other viral pneumonia patients in terms of ECMO anticoagulation management and coagulation-related complications. In summary, hypercoagulability and secondary hyperfibrinolysis during ECMO support in COVID-19 patients were common and possibly increased the propensity for thrombotic events and oxygenator membrane failure. doi = 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.08.067 id = cord-029646-oujgcciq author = Gupta, Ena title = Don’t Drive Blind: Driving Pressure to Optimize Ventilator Management in ECMO date = 2020-07-23 keywords = ARDS; ECMO summary = Higher driving pressure after initiation of ECMO is associated with increased adjusted 30-day mortality. Initial mechanical ventilator setting protocol after ECMO support was as follows: tidal volume 4-5 ml/ kg PBW; PEEP 5-10 cm H2O; peak inspiratory pressure 25-30 cm H 2 O; respiratory rate 10-12 breaths per minute; and FiO2 adjusted to maintain arterial oxygen saturation above 90%. The increase in driving pressure after ECMO is likely related to a protocolized application of ventilator settings including lower PEEP after initiation of ECMO. A recent study showed that near apneic ventilation in a pig model of acute lung injury supported by ECMO when compared to conventional protective ventilation decreased driving pressure by 40% and reduced mechanical power 10 times [5] . Elevated driving pressure after ECMO initiation was associated with increased adjusted 30-day mortality among both VA-and VV-ECMO. Association of driving pressure with mortality among ventilated patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis doi = 10.1007/s00408-020-00381-y id = cord-307609-nnvco1de author = Haye, Guillaume title = COVID-19 outbreak in France: Setup and activities of a mobile Extra Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) team during the first 3 weeks date = 2020-05-08 keywords = ECMO summary = doi = 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.05.004 id = cord-026885-ql57moyi author = Hong, David title = Multidisciplinary team approach in acute myocardial infarction patients undergoing veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation date = 2020-06-16 keywords = ECMO; team summary = BACKGROUND: Limited data are available on the impact of a specialized extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) team on clinical outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated by cardiogenic shock (CS). Particularly, in refractory CS not responding to Open Access *Correspondence: jhysmc@gmail.com † David Hong and Ki Hong Choi contributed equally to this work 1 Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea Full list of author information is available at the end of the article conventional medical therapies, in-hospital mortality rate reaches 50% to 60% [3, 4] and mechanical support such as veno-arterial (VA) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is recommended in both the latest American Heart Association and the European Society of Cardiology guidelines (classes IIA and IIB, respectively) [5, 6] . doi = 10.1186/s13613-020-00701-8 id = cord-004059-furt6xcn author = Hraiech, Sami title = Herpes simplex virus and Cytomegalovirus reactivation among severe ARDS patients under veno-venous ECMO date = 2019-12-23 keywords = CMV; ECMO; HSV summary = However, little is known about herpes simplex virus (HSV) and Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation occurring in patients with severe ARDS under veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The following data were retrospectively recorded from the patients'' medical file: age, sex, Simplified Acute Physiologic Score II (SAPS II) [21] , Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score [22] , presence of co-morbidities, presence of previous immunosuppression, cause of ARDS, date of MV initiation, date of ECMO implementation, other organ failure associated with ARDS during ICU stay (in particular need for catecholamines or renal replacement therapy), blood transfusion, post-aggressive pulmonary fibrosis (defined by an alveolar procollagen III higher than 9 µg/l) [23] , time of HSV/CMV reactivation, delay between MV and HSV/CMV reactivation, delay between ECMO and HSV/CMV reactivation, duration of MV (from the day of intubation to the day of MV weaning), ECMO duration (from the day of ECMO implementation to its removal or death), ECMO-free days at day 28, ventilator-free days (VFD) at day 28, ICU length of stay [from the day of ICU admission (in the first ICU if the patient was referred from another hospital) to discharge], hospital length of stay [from the admission to hospital (in the original hospital if the patient was referred from another hospital) to discharge to home or to rehabilitation ward], ICU and hospital mortality, acyclovir or ganciclovir treatment after reactivation under ECMO. doi = 10.1186/s13613-019-0616-6 id = cord-002828-ml6mgyf3 author = Huang, Linna title = Application of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome induced by avian influenza A (H7N9) viral pneumonia: national data from the Chinese multicentre collaboration date = 2018-01-08 keywords = ECMO; H7N9; IPPV summary = title: Application of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome induced by avian influenza A (H7N9) viral pneumonia: national data from the Chinese multicentre collaboration Our study is aimed to investigate the current application, efficacy and safety of ECMO in for severe H7N9 pneumonia-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in the Chinese population. Conclusions: ECMO is effective at improving oxygenation and ventilation of patients with avian influenza A (H7N9) induced severe ARDS. Conclusions: ECMO is effective at improving oxygenation and ventilation of patients with avian influenza A (H7N9) induced severe ARDS. Keywords: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), Avian influenza A (H7N9), Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), Complications, Mortality Background Avian influenza A (H7N9) viral pneumonia can manifest with varying degrees of dyspnea and is associated with a mortality of~30% [1] . ECMO is effective at improving oxygenation and ventilation of patients with avian influenza A (H7N9)-induced severe ARDS. doi = 10.1186/s12879-017-2903-x id = cord-282216-ekzml19r author = Huang, Shiqian title = Clinical data of early COVID-19 cases receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in Wuhan, China date = 2020-09-14 keywords = ECMO summary = title: Clinical data of early COVID-19 cases receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in Wuhan, China • Shared early 3 cases on the application of ECMO in severely ill patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China; • Revealed the overall poor prognoses of these patients, probably related to the patients'' age, underlying diseases, and the evolution of COVID-19, etc. Considering the importance of lymphocyte filling for resistance to SARS-CoV-2, the decision of using ECMO should be made more cautiously in COVID-19 patients with significant lymphopenia [5] . In view of high mortality rate of severe COVID-19 patients, ECMO may have certain therapeutic benefits. Early use of ECMO for younger patients without underlying diseases is the most recommended. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study doi = 10.1016/j.jclinane.2020.110044 id = cord-317552-hyyw6eln author = Huette, Pierre title = Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for respiratory failure in COVID-19 patients: outcome and time-course of clinical and biological parameters date = 2020-06-01 keywords = ECMO summary = title: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for respiratory failure in COVID-19 patients: outcome and time-course of clinical and biological parameters The place of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is undefined. We report a prospective caseseries that describes the clinical course of patients with COVID-19 with respiratory failure requiring veno-venous ECMO between March 2020 and April 2020. After ethical approval, we prospectively collected data on consecutive COVID-19 patients (confirmed with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction testing) admitted to our referral centre for ECMO therapy. In this case-series of patients with COVID-19-related respiratory failure, we found a high rate of ECMOweaning. A high risk of thrombosis for COVID-19 patients under ECMO has been suggested previously. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for COVID-19-associated severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and risk of thrombosis High risk of thrombosis in patients in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection: a multicenter prospective cohort study doi = 10.1007/s12630-020-01727-z id = cord-299125-kuvnwdn6 author = Ikegami, Saya title = Suspected Virus-Inducing Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Treated by Multimodal Therapy Including Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation and Immune Modulation Therapy date = 2020-06-22 keywords = ARDS; ECMO summary = title: Suspected Virus-Inducing Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Treated by Multimodal Therapy Including Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation and Immune Modulation Therapy We report a case of suspected virus-inducing severe ARDS treated by multimodal therapy including extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and immune modulation therapy that led to a favorable outcome for the patient. The risk factor in the present case was unspecified pneumonia, and an unspecified virus was considered the most likely cause based on the negative results of all cultures, β-D glucan, and rapid test for bacteria and influenza. As the present case also showed marked hypoxia despite mechanical ventilation with a high concentration of oxygen and high PEEP, ECMO was introduced, and the lung rest setting was selected. We presented a case of suspected virus-inducing severe ARDS that was treated by multimodal therapy including ECMO and immune modulation therapy. doi = 10.7759/cureus.8768 id = cord-291244-o4isx15k author = Ikuyama, Yuichi title = Successful recovery from critical COVID-19 pneumonia with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A case report date = 2020-05-31 keywords = COVID-19; ECMO; patient summary = Herein, we report a case of critical COVID-19 pneumonia treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation from symptom onset day 19 (SOD#19) to SOD#30. Here, we report the clinical course of a patient with a severe case of COVID-19 complicated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We report the patient''s response to intensive care, including invasive ventilation in the early stage of the illness and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) with antiviral, immunomodulatory, and glucocorticoid therapies as the illness progressed. In this case, ECMO showed great effectiveness 13 in treating the patient''s rapidly deteriorating respiratory status due to pneumonia. Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study • A critical case of 76-year-old female with COVID-19 pneumonia.• No significant clinical benefits of lopinavir-ritonavir and peramivir treatment.• The pneumonia rapidly progressed to acute respiratory distress syndrome.• Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation from illness day 21 to 31 lead to recovery. doi = 10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.101113 id = cord-007525-1q300xdv author = Jacquet, L. -M. title = Conduite et complications de l’oxygénation extracorporelle veinoveineuse date = 2014-03-21 keywords = ECMO; des summary = La plupart des équipes visent une saturation artérielle supérieure à 88 %, mais il est vrai que dans des situations de haut débit cardiaque qu''on peut rencontrer dans les états septiques ou toxiques, il faut par fois se contenter de saturations bien inférieures. Pour surveiller l''efficacité de l''oxygénateur membra naire, il sera nécessaire de faire des prélèvements sanguins chez le patient ainsi que sur les branches de drainage et de réinjection du circuit. Les circuits couverts soit d''héparine, soit d''autres agents chimiques (phosphorylcholine, poly2méthoxyéthyl acrylate, etc.) semblent diminuer l''intensité des interactions sang/ biomatériaux, et ils permettent, si des saignements importants apparaissent, de diminuer, voire d''arrêter l''anti coagulation systémique avec des risques limités de formation de throm bus pour autant que le débit dans le circuit ne soit pas trop faible [11, 12] . Une infec tion débutante n''est pas toujours facile à diagnostiquer chez le patient sous assistance extracorporelle du fait du contrôle de la température par l''échangeur thermique externe et des multiples causes possibles aux anomalies biologiques habi tuellement observées en cas d''infection (hyperleucocytose, thrombopénie, syndrome inflammatoire). doi = 10.1007/s13546-014-0879-8 id = cord-006251-danl62io author = Jansen, Oliver title = Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in spina bifida and (H1N1)-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome date = 2017-09-13 keywords = ARDS; ECMO summary = We report on a 45-year-old spina bifida patient with confirmed H1N1 influenza virus infection causing acute respiratory failure, who was successfully weaned from 42-day veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (vv-ECMO) treatment with an excellent outcome. Adding prone positioning therapy to ECMO patients is recommended by the guidelines for adult respiratory failure from the extracorporeal life support organization if radiological imaging shows posterior consolidation of the lung fields [8] . As ECMO blood flow could be reduced and, therefore, resulted in less inflow pressure problems and less dependency on the patients'' position, we began to establish a regimen of intermittent prone positioning therapy to improve alveolar recruitment of the posterior consolidated lung fields and, therefore, pulmonary capacity (Fig. 3) . Position paper for the organization of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation programs for acute respiratory failure in adult patients doi = 10.1007/s10047-017-0992-3 id = cord-034141-3uty6rwi author = Joyce, David L. title = Mechanical ventilation: A necessary evil? date = 2020-10-22 keywords = ECMO summary = 1 Although recent clinical trials have failed to establish the superiority of mechanical circulatory support over mechanical ventilation in these patients, 2 extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has traditionally been reserved for refractory cases and most often performed through femoral cannulation. 3 Recognizing that acute respiratory distress syndrome in the context of COVID-19 frequently leads to increasing pressor requirements and progression to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, we hypothesized that early intervention with a percutaneous right ventricular assist device/ECMO approach might improve outcomes in these patients. Pressor requirements have been eliminated with this approach, and our practice has been to extubate while on ECMO support to facilitate rehabilitation and avoid ongoing barotrauma. Nevertheless, cardiothoracic surgeons who are asked to cannulate a patient for COVID-19 in the setting of increasing pressor requirements or secondary organ failure should carefully evaluate the potential for right ventricular dysfunction as a contributor. doi = 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.06.130 id = cord-014538-6a2pviol author = Kamilia, Chtara title = Proceedings of Réanimation 2017, the French Intensive Care Society International Congress date = 2017-01-10 keywords = ARDS; Antoine; Ben; Care; ECMO; EEG; Fig; France; François; ICU; Intensive; January; Jean; Mohamed; NIV; Nicolas; Pierre; VAP; acute; associate; day; group; high; mortality; patient; study summary = Other parameters that were significantly different between the patients who died and those who survived were an advanced age, an elevated IGS II score at hospital admission, an elevated SOFA score at study entry, a late healthcare-associated infection and several biological variables: a high C reactive protein, low albumin and prealbumin and a poor percent of monocytes expressing HLA-DR, all measured at day 7. Parameters collected were demographic features, comorbidities, regular treatment, dyspnea assessed by the MRC scale, initial clinical severity reflected by SAPS II and APACHE II scores, modalities and ICU admission deadlines, initial arterial blood gas analysis, management of patients in the ICU (ventilation modalities, prescription of antibiotics, use of vasoactive drugs) and their outcomes (incidence of nosocomial infections and their sites, length of stay and ICU mortality). doi = 10.1186/s13613-016-0224-7 id = cord-030256-muah207b author = Kapoor, Poonam Malhotra title = COVID-19 Thrombosis: An Unsolved Mystery date = 2020-07-24 keywords = COVID-19; ECMO; patient summary = The marked elevation of IL-6 in patients with cytokine release syndrome (CRS) led to the institution of successful targeted therapy for the treatment of CRS using IL-6 receptor blockade (tocilizumab). It is widely acknowledged that the majority of COVID-19 patients, especially those with severe disease, are characterized by lymphocytopenia. Where extracorporeal life support (ECLS) expertise is available, it should be considered according to the standard management algorithm for ARDS in supporting patients with viral lower respiratory tract infection. Although there are no published outcomes, early experience in Wuhan, China, indicates that prone position was widely used in patients with COVID-19 related severe ARDS and had possible benefits. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China High risk of thrombosis in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection: a multicenter prospective cohort study United States Center for Disease Control interim guidance for clinical management of COVID-19 patients with and without acute respiratory distress syndrome doi = 10.1055/s-0040-1715279 id = cord-284318-yhnpskb0 author = Kasai, Takehiko title = Veno‐venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and prone ventilation for therapeutic management of COVID‐19 date = 2020-07-27 keywords = ECMO; prone summary = CASE PRESENTATION: We report two cases in which the combination of veno‐venous ECMO and prone ventilation for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pneumonia were successfully carried out. For patients with severe SARS‐CoV‐2 pneumonia who require veno‐venous ECMO, the use of prone ventilation could be beneficial, and should be considered. Here, we report two cases in which the combination of veno-venous ECMO and prone ventilation was successful in treating SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. In order to address these concerns, we assigned qualified personnel to manage the connection between the intubation tube and the ventilator and the blood drainage and return cannulas in veno-venous ECMO when patients were shifted from the spine to prone position. In conclusion, the combination therapy of veno-venous ECMO and prone ventilation is possible in patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia without any complication. doi = 10.1002/ams2.546 id = cord-296246-u7vd2tmj author = Kaushal, S. title = Intravenous Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Extracorporeal Oxygenation Patients with Severe COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome date = 2020-10-20 keywords = ECMO; MSC summary = Adult mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) infusions have the potential to benefit critically ill patients with acute respiratory syndrome SARS-COV-2 infection, but clinical data supporting efficacy are lacking. Clinical information for the 12 patients before and after MSC infusion and non-MSC administered control group admitted at the same time was obtained from a review of the hospital electronic medical system and include the following: demographic data, days of admission from symptom onset, and presenting symptoms; data about various infusions, including mechanical ventilation, ECMO support, antiviral therapies, medications, and steroids; clinical data, including PAO2/FiO2, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (range 0-24, with higher scores indicating more severe illness), laboratory data, including blood cultures, white blood cell count, chemistry panels assessing liver and kidney function, viral PCR load, inflammatory factors Creactive protein (CRP; mg/dL), IL-6 (pg/mL), ferritin (ng/mL) and procalcitonin (ng/mL); data from . doi = 10.1101/2020.10.15.20122523 id = cord-004146-x2jyu0z3 author = Ko, Ryoung-Eun title = Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as a bridge to lung transplantation: analysis of Korean organ transplantation registry (KOTRY) data date = 2020-01-13 keywords = bridge; ecmo summary = The objective of this study was to evaluate the mortality and long-term post transplantation outcomes of patients undergoing lung transplantation after bridging with ECMO by comparing them with non-bridge-ECMO patients through an analysis of Korean Organ Transplantation Registry (KOTRY) data. KOTRY also includes data about post-transplantation results including immediate complications, need for organ support, prevalence of primary graft dysfunction, serial pulmonary function, and outcomes such as the length of hospital stay, in-hospital and 6-month mortality, function status at discharge, and comorbidities. In this multicenter prospective observational study, we found that there were no significant differences in immediate postoperative complications, development and severity of PGD, functional status at discharge, longterm survival, or lung function in patients who received bridging with ECMO compared with the control group, despite longer operation time, longer ICU stay, and longer hospitalization after lung transplantation in the former group. doi = 10.1186/s12931-020-1289-2 id = cord-034303-kcu9guxa author = Laimoud, Mohamed title = The clinical significance of blood lactate levels in evaluation of adult patients with veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation date = 2020-10-27 keywords = ECMO; patient summary = The objective of this study was to detect the validity of serial measurements of arterial lactate level in differentiating hospital mortality and neurological outcome after VA-ECMO support for adult patients with cardiogenic shock. The non-survivors and the patients with acute cerebral strokes had significantly higher arterial lactate levels at pre-ECMO initiation, post-ECMO peak and after 24 h of ECMO support compared to the survivors and those without strokes, respectively. CONCLUSION: Progressive hyperlactatemia after VA-ECMO initiation for adult patients with cardiogenic shock is a sensitive and specific predictor of hospital mortality and acute cerebrovascular strokes. The objective of this study was to detect the validity of serial measurements of arterial lactate level in differentiating in-hospital mortality and neurological outcome after VA-ECMO support for patients with cardiogenic shock. Finally, our study revealed that the hospital mortality and neurological outcome of VA-ECMO were significantly associated with the severity of pre-ECMO shock state and the appropriate recovery of organs perfusion after ECMO support as indicated with changes of blood lactate levels. doi = 10.1186/s43044-020-00108-7 id = cord-283968-ege0j4lf author = Le Breton, C. title = Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for refractory COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome date = 2020-07-16 keywords = ECMO summary = Recent studies suggest a survival benefit from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [1, 2] . In a study on 52 critically-ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, six patients received ECMO of whom five died and one was still on ECMO at the time of publication [4] . In another study describing 12 critically-ill COVID-19 patients treated with ECMO, five patients died [6] . Finally, in a report on eight patients treated with ECMO, only three were weaned from the device but were still mechanically ventilated at the time of publication whereas four died and one was still receiving the technique [7]. These results tend to suggest that patients treated with ECMO during severe COVID-19 related ARDS have a poor prognosis. Median duration of mechanical ventilation before ECMO implantation was 6 days. All 13 patients were weaned from ECMO after a median of 13 days (range 3 to 34). doi = 10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.07.013 id = cord-020942-wid76qas author = Le Guen, M. title = Place de l’assistance extracorporelle en pathologie respiratoire()() date = 2015-10-16 keywords = ECMO; SDRA; extracorporeal summary = Nous aborderons notamment la place de l''ECMO dans la prise en charge du SDRA qui a fait l''objet d''une conférence de consensus nationale très récente [10] , ainsi que les indications de l''assistance respiratoire extracorporelle (ECMO ou décarboxylation) au cours des décompensations respiratoires terminales hypercapniques et de la transplantation pulmonaire. Par défaut, on considère aujourd''hui que l''ECMO est une technique avec des abords vasculaires exclusivement périphériques, c''est-à-dire avec une canulation en dehors de la cavité thoracique, même si dans de rares cas un abord central est La force motrice génératrice de débit peut être uniquement hydrostatique (système tel que le modèle de type Novalung TM ) mais qui est le plus souvent développée par l''utilisation d''une pompe centrifuge non occlusive. doi = 10.1016/j.jeurea.2015.09.001 id = cord-025653-mkzw0nya author = Le Guennec, Loïc title = Spinal cord infarction during venoarterial-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support date = 2020-05-30 keywords = ECMO summary = Herein, we report a series of six patients with refractory cardiogenic shock or cardiac arrest receiving circulatory support with VA-ECMO who developed subsequent SCI during ECMO course, confirmed by spine MRI after ECMO withdrawal. Coronary angiography and intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) may cause SCI [3] [4] [5] , as well as venoarterial-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO). Seven weeks later, motor strength improved at the upper limbs, but because of lower limbs weakness persistence, a spinal cord MRI (Fig. 1a, b) was performed, 55 days after VA-ECMO withdrawal. Spinal cord MRI (Fig. 1c, d) was performed, which showed a longitudinally extensive anterior high T2-weighted signal extending from T9 to the conus medullaris, confirming SCI diagnosis. Patient was always awake without sedation ICU intensive care unit, VA-ECMO venoarterial-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, SAPS simplified acute physiology score, SOFA sequential organ-failure assessment, SCI spinal cord infarction, IABP intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation, APTT activated partial thrombin time, NA not applicable, NK not known doi = 10.1007/s10047-020-01179-8 id = cord-006760-mgrxo21j author = Lee, James C. title = Critical care management of the lung transplant recipient date = 2012-06-22 keywords = ECMO; ICU; lung; transplant summary = Given the severity of illness of such patients at the time of surgery, lung transplant recipients require particular attention in the immediate post-operative period to ensure optimal short-term and long-term outcomes. Causes and treatment of conditions affecting early morbidity and mortality in lung transplant recipients will be detailed, including primary graft dysfunction, cardiovascular and surgical complications, and immunologic and infectious issues. This review aims to summarize the most important aspects of the critical care management of the lung transplant recipient in the peri-operative time period [3] [4] [5] [6] . The immediate post-operative period in the ICU remains the most critical for the lung transplant recipient, requiring continuous hemodynamic monitoring, often maximal ventilatory support, and close observation of chest tube output for evidence of bleeding or other surgical complications. If the critically ill lung transplant recipient experiences peri-operative hypotension, aggressive diuresis for PGD, and is on numerous potentially other nephrotoxic medications, renal dysfunction may be prolonged and severe, leading to serious long-term complications. doi = 10.1007/s13665-012-0018-9 id = cord-286613-cmtsu73g author = Lee, Sung Woo title = Risk Factors for Acute Kidney Injury and In-Hospital Mortality in Patients Receiving Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation date = 2015-10-15 keywords = AKI; ECMO; RDW summary = doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0140674 id = cord-313914-m09lw0i4 author = Li, Chenglong title = Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation programs for COVID-19 in China date = 2020-06-08 keywords = ECMO summary = Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), as a temporary life support technique for refractory respiratory or cardiac failure, has been applied in COVID-19 patients [1] . Referring to the present case series and the COVID-19 cohort in China, the mortality of patients undergoing ECMO ranged from 42 to 83% [2, 3] . The Chinese Society of Extracorporeal Life Support (CSECLS) performed a survey of ECMO programs for COVID-19 in China, aimed at investigating the program organization and the potential factors associated with outcomes during the pandemic. One hundred eleven individual responses from 79 ECMO programs (30 in Hubei and 49 outside Hubei) applied ECMO in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and ARDS were analyzed. That might be the main reason for more ECMO programs outside Hubei applied ECMO in older patients (age > 65), aiming at minimizing the local mortality of COVID-19. Prognosis when using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for critically ill COVID-19 patients in China: a retrospective case series doi = 10.1186/s13054-020-03047-6 id = cord-286334-d9v5xtx7 author = Li, Rui title = Analysis of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) from different species sheds some light on cross-species receptor usage of a novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV date = 2020-04-30 keywords = ACE2; CHIKV; China; ECMO; Fig; HBV; HCV; Hubei; patient summary = More detailed monitoring on how these physiological parameters change over time (perhaps including more complex cytokine studies), in these severely ill, influenza A(H1N1)pdm09-infected patients admitted to ICU-ECMO units, may eventually yield data to improve their management and clinical outcomes. 5 In the current study, we characterized a new HCV subtypes among chronic hepatitis C patients in Yunnan, China, initially designated as 6xi, further analyzed its evolutionary history and investigated its baseline RAS by next generation sequencing (NGS) method. The samples met the following inclusion criteria: (1) hepatitis C antibody-positive for 6 months with normal serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels; (2) subject was residing in Yunnan province and was over 18 years old; (3) complete demographic information and clinical data were available; (4) consented to the use of patient information in studies on HCV epidemics; and (5) were treatment-naïve during sampling. doi = 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.02.013 id = cord-348927-g69gt0oh author = Li, Tong title = Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Treated with Awake Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in a Patient with COVID-19 Pneumonia date = 2020-11-10 keywords = COVID-19; ECMO summary = title: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Treated with Awake Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in a Patient with COVID-19 Pneumonia Extensive use of mechanical respiratory support and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has helped to reduce the case fatality rate of COVID-19 to less than 2% in some regions. Awake and fully mobile ECMO have proven to be beneficial in patients with ARDS induced by pneumocystis pneumonia, immunocompromised patients, and patients requiring extracorporeal life support. [5] [6] [7] However, the use of awake ECMO has not been reported in ARDS patients secondary to COVID-19 pneumonia. Profound hypoxemia and acute lung failure, the main causes of death, are the prominent features of ARDS resulting in a subset of critical COVID-19 pneumonia patients. 8 ECMO has become an alternative therapy for prolonging patient life and allowing time for lung recovery, especially in severe ARDS resulting from COVID-19. Better be awake"-a role for awake extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in acute respiratory distress syndrome due to Pneumocystis pneumonia doi = 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.11.017 id = cord-012536-fh5tj8qr author = Lim, Jae Hong title = Experience with Temporary Centrifugal Pump Bi-ventricular Assist Device for Pediatric Acute Heart Failure: Comparison with ECMO date = 2020-08-27 keywords = ECMO; VAD summary = Though ventricular assist devices (VADs) are an important treatment option for acute heart failure, an extracorporeal membrane oxygenator (ECMO) is usually used in pediatric patients for several reasons. However, a temporary centrifugal pump-based Bi-VAD might have clinical advantages versus ECMO or implantable VADs. From January 2000 to July 2018, we retrospectively reviewed 36 pediatric patients who required mechanical circulatory support (MCS) for acute heart failure. Since 2016, we have tried to immediately add a right VAD rather than ECMO, when the patients begin to present features of right heart failure after left VAD support started in cases that the patients'' respiratory function did not require an oxygenator. This study investigated differences between the clinical outcomes of temporary centrifugal pump-based Bi-VAD and ECMO as rescue treatments for medically intractable acute decompensated heart failure in pediatric patients. This study showed that a temporary centrifugal pump-based Bi-VAD remains relevant in selected cases of medically intractable acute decompensated heart failure, particularly in patients with myocarditis with acceptable pulmonary function. doi = 10.1007/s00246-020-02412-0 id = cord-005587-8iwsvku9 author = Lindén, Viveka title = High survival in adult patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome treated by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, minimal sedation, and pressure supported ventilation date = 2000-10-14 keywords = ECMO; patient summary = title: High survival in adult patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome treated by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, minimal sedation, and pressure supported ventilation Objectives: To evaluate the results of treatment of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), minimal sedation, and pressure supported ventilation. Abstract Objectives: To evaluate the results of treatment of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), minimal sedation, and pressure supported ventilation. Conclusion: A high survival rate can be obtained in adult patients with severe ARDS using ECMO and pressure-supported ventilation with minimal sedation. Conclusion: A high survival rate can be obtained in adult patients with severe ARDS using ECMO and pressure-supported ventilation with minimal sedation. Initially during the ECMO run when gas exchange over the lungs was minimal, arterial saturations as low as 70 % had to be accepted when the patient was on V-V bypass. doi = 10.1007/s001340000697 id = cord-320031-e328fesl author = Loforte, Antonio title = Veno-venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support in COVID-19 Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Initial Experience date = 2020-06-01 keywords = COVID-19; ECMO summary = By considering overall impact of COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, an increased need of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support becomes evident. Consideration of ECMO was based on the presence of severe respiratory failure (Murray score >3.0 or pH <7.20 under protective ventilation 2,6-8 ) with sustained clinical deterioration despite optimal conventional treatment and refractory prone positioning. Aggressive mechanical ventilation (peak or plateau airway pressure >30 cm H2O or fraction of inspired oxygen [FIO2] >0.8) for more than 7 days, uncontrolled active bleeding, severe comorbidity, multiple organ failure, sepsis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, age >65 years, and neurologic damage were used as contraindications for VV ECMO institution. 2, [6] [7] [8] Regarding oxygenation, ECMO blood flow was maximized to reduce the FIO2 less than 0.6 and maintain hemoglobin Veno-venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support in COVID-19 Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Initial Experience saturation more than 85%. doi = 10.1097/mat.0000000000001198 id = cord-331500-l3hkn2li author = Luyt, Charles-Edouard title = Pulmonary infections complicating ARDS date = 2020-11-11 keywords = ARDS; ECMO; ICU; VAP; infection; patient summary = Whatever the initial lung injury, patients with ARDS are prone to develop secondary pulmonary infection, namely ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). While glucocorticoids are classically considered as immunosuppressive drugs, it has been shown that they can prevent the immune reprogramming observed after inflammatory response [16] , thus limiting the susceptibility of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) to respiratory complications such as pneumonia or ARDS and improving outcomes of patients with ARDS [17] . Peripheral blood markers have the advantage of avoiding the need for bronchoscopic sampling and are therefore easier to obtain; however, they are generally less able to discriminate pneumonia from other infections Table 1 Summary of host-based biomarkers for diagnosis of pneumonia in ARDS ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome, RCT randomized controlled trial, sTREM soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells, VAP ventilator-associated pneumonia, HLA human leukocyte antigen doi = 10.1007/s00134-020-06292-z id = cord-035333-2duu1c9n author = MacLaren, Graeme title = What’s new in ECMO for COVID-19? date = 2020-11-12 keywords = COVID-19; ECMO summary = The first studies of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from China reported high mortality rates in patients supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) [1]. Eightythree (17%) of 492 intensive care patients with COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) received ECMO and were ultimately assessed to have an estimated probability of 60-day mortality of 31% (95% CI 22-42). This report provided insights into the use of ECMO for COVID-19 in experienced centres, including those which had participated in the EOLIA trial, and had consistent protocols and standardized ARDS management practices in place prior to the pandemic. There is greater uncertainty about the role of ECMO in other populations with COVID-19, such as patients requiring mechanical circulatory support, extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) [14] , or those with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. What is required now are data concerning long-term morbidity and mortality, and whether any practices-including prone positioning, optimal anticoagulation, early extubation and use of mechanical right ventricular support-during ECMO can improve these outcomes. doi = 10.1007/s00134-020-06284-z id = cord-005738-gsy95f2y author = Nair, Priya title = Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe ARDS in pregnant and postpartum women during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic date = 2011-02-12 keywords = ECMO; H1N1 summary = PURPOSE: To describe the technical challenges, efficacy, complications and maternal and infant outcomes associated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for severe adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in pregnant or postpartum patients during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for severe adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in pregnant or postpartum patients during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. The survival rate of infants whose mothers Introduction Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a method for supporting patients with severe adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) refractory to mechanical ventilation [1] [2] [3] . Accordingly, we now report on the various technical aspects and challenges of ECMO therapy in this cohort of pregnant and postpartum women with severe respiratory failure and describe maternal and infant outcomes. We studied the technical challenges, efficacy, complications and maternal and infant outcomes in a cohort of critically ill pregnant and postpartum patients with severe, hypoxic respiratory failure secondary to ARDS during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic who were treated with ECMO. doi = 10.1007/s00134-011-2138-z id = cord-335792-1yjope1j author = Osho, Asishana A. title = Veno-venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Respiratory Failure in COVID-19 Patients: Early Experience From a Major Academic Medical Center in North America date = 2020-05-22 keywords = ECMO; covid-19 summary = doi = 10.1097/sla.0000000000004084 id = cord-016248-dxk0i6t7 author = Papa, Joey C. title = Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation date = 2009 keywords = ECMO; blood; patient summary = Indications for support in patients with cardiac pathology are based on clinical signs of decreased peripheral perfusion, including hypotension, despite the administration of fl uid resuscitation and inotropes, oliguria (urine output < 0.5 ml/kg/h), an elevated arterial lactate, and a decreased SvO 2 . The advantages of VV and DLVV over VA ECMO include avoidance of arterial cannulation and permanent ligation of the carotid artery, maintaining pulsatile fl ow to the patient, continued blood fl ow to the lungs, and avoiding arterial emboli. Weaning and Decannulation: As the patient''s underlying process improves, less blood fl ow is required to pass through the ECMO circuit in order to maintain adequate tissue oxygenation. According to the 2005 ELSO registry, 13.2% of neonates and 43% of pediatric patients treated with ECMO for respiratory failure required the use of inotropes while on bypass. The incidence of acute renal failure was 10% in neonates and 14% in pediatric patients on ECMO for respiratory support, with 10-15% requiring hemofi ltration or dialysis. doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-69560-8_32 id = cord-005757-4t4ai34e author = Pappalardo, Federico title = Predicting mortality risk in patients undergoing venovenous ECMO for ARDS due to influenza A (H1N1) pneumonia: the ECMOnet score date = 2012-11-16 keywords = ECMO summary = The ROC analysis further confirmed the high accuracy of the ECMOnet score (c = 0.857, 95 % CI 0.754-0.959, p \ 0.001) for the prediction of the mortality risk in patients on ECMO. Continuous parameters presented as mean ± SD, categorical data as n (%) BMI Body max index, BSA body surface area, PBW partial weight bearing, ECMO extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, ICU intensive care unit, MV mechanical ventilation, ELS extracorporeal life support, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, BIPAP bilevel positive airway pressure, HFOV high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, CPAPPSV continuous positive airway pressure and pressure support ventilation, CRRT continuos renal replacement therapy, SIMV invasive mechanical ventilation synchronized, SOFA sequential organ failure assessment, PaCO 2 partial pressure of carbon dioxide, MAP mean arterial pressure, PCV pressure control ventilation, PEEP positive end expiratory pressure, CVP central venous pressure, Vt tidal volume revealed a lower performance in the evaluation of preimplant mortality risk compared to the ECMOnet score. doi = 10.1007/s00134-012-2747-1 id = cord-034898-zjfhpum2 author = Patangi, Sanjay Orathi title = Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: Special reference for use in ‘post-cardiotomy cardiogenic shock’ — A review with an Indian perspective date = 2020-11-07 keywords = ECMO; extracorporeal; membrane; oxygenation; patient summary = title: Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: Special reference for use in ''post-cardiotomy cardiogenic shock'' — A review with an Indian perspective Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) is an important modality of managing post-cardiotomy cardiogenic shock with variable outcomes which would otherwise be universally fatal. Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) has gained popularity over the years as a ''bailout'' option after conventional circulatory support methods have proved refractory in the operating room (OR)/intensive care unit (ICU). Long-term survival and major outcomes in post-cardiotomy extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for adult patients in cardiogenic shock Usefulness of cardiac biomarkers to predict cardiac recovery in patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support for refractory cardiogenic shock Nosocomial infections in adult cardiogenic shock patients supported by venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation Clinical outcomes in patients after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support for postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock: a single-centre experience of 92 cases doi = 10.1007/s12055-020-01051-7 id = cord-004226-3ki0dzwb author = Patel, Sunil title = Inflammatory and microbiological associations with near-fatal asthma requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation date = 2020-01-27 keywords = ECMO summary = Patients with near-fatal asthma requiring ECMO are more likely to be younger and female and are also likely to have positive viral and fungal isolates on bronchoalveolar lavage when compared to those receiving conventional mechanical ventilation http://bit.ly/2S38SaC In this retrospective review of adult asthmatics admitted to intensive care for a near-fatal acute exacerbation, we report that the requirement for ECMO was associated with younger age, female sex and the presence of either fungal or rhinoviral infection in the lower airway. Studies have shown that virally mediated inflammatory pathways (acute or quiescent) are implicated in near-fatal asthma and occur in as much as 50% of patients [3] . To date, this is the first case series investigating inflammatory and microbial factors associated with the need for ECMO in near-fatal asthma and highlights rhinovirus infection as well as positive fungal isolates as being particularly associated with the need for ECMO. doi = 10.1183/23120541.00267-2019 id = cord-007527-0q72cno7 author = Pham, T. title = Assistance par circulation extracorporelle veinoveineuse dans le traitement du syndrome de détresse respiratoire aiguë : rationnel et objectifs cliniques date = 2014-04-01 keywords = ECMO summary = Dans cette optique, il est important de distinguer brièvement les trois types de techniques qui ont été parfois mélangées sous le terme d''assistance et d''oxygénation extracorporelle ou extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Ces techniques sont des versions simplifiées et améliorées des systèmes de CEC développés pour la chirurgie cardiaque depuis les années 1950 et utilisant le plus souvent une canulation dans l''aorte et les veines caves : • l''assistance par CEC veinoartérielle a pour objectif de soutenir et/ou remplacer une circulation défaillante tout en apportant du sang oxygéné [1] . Ainsi, de façon générale, bien que le pronostic des patients les plus graves pris en charge avec une ventilation conventionnelle se soit significativement amélioré, le rapport risque/bénéfice, central dans cette indication, semble avoir un peu évolué en faveur de l''ECMO [5] [6] [7] . doi = 10.1007/s13546-014-0872-2 id = cord-006559-xehwgzdn author = Pilarczyk, K. title = Extrakorporale Herz- und Lungenersatzverfahren: „Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation“, „extracorporeal life support“ und „pumpless extracorporeal lung assist“ date = 2013-01-16 keywords = ECLS; ECMO; Patienten; Therapie; der; extracorporeal summary = "Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation", "extracorporeal life support" und "pumpless extracorporeal lung assist" Begriffsbestimmungen Da es viele verschiedene Begriffe rund um das Thema temporäre Lungen-und Herz-Kreislauf-Ersatzverfahren gibt und diese häufig irreführend sowie uneinheitlich sind, hat die Deutsche Interdisziplinäre Vereinigung für Intensivmedizin (DIVI) sich auf die im Folgenden ausgeführten Empfehlungen geeinigt ( [1] ; . Abzugrenzen davon ist die "pumpless extracorporeal lung assist" (pECLA), ein arteriovenös angeschlossenes, nichtpumpenbetriebenes Lungenunterstützungsystem mit einem "Low-resistance"-Oxygenator, das aufgrund der arteriovenösen Blutdruckdifferenz und damit abhängig vom Herzzeitvolumen (HZV) des Patienten eine suffiziente Decarboxylierung, jedoch keine ausreichende Oxygenierung gewährleistet. Der Aufbau eines "extracorporeal life support" (ECLS) entspricht prinzipiell dem der ECMO; lediglich die Kanülierung unterscheidet sich: Bei einer ECLS als Herzoder Herz-Lungen-Ersatz wird venöses Blut aus der V. Eine prospektive randomisierte Studie zum frühen Einsatz der ECMO -3-6 h nach Diagnose eines schweren ARDS -befindet sich in der Rekrutierungsphase (Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, EOLIA).Insbesondere die Anwendung einer Doppellumenkanüle ermöglicht den Langzeiteinsatz in wachen und mobilen Patienten, z. doi = 10.1007/s00398-012-0984-9 id = cord-336132-qry6y4cx author = Pooboni, Suneel Kumar title = ECMO in India, SWAAC ELSO: challenges and solutions date = 2020-09-09 keywords = Asia; ECMO; ELSO summary = We elucidated the establishment of a commanding center, Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) in the USA, ECMO society of India in the sub-continent and the birth of South and West Asia Chapter (SWAC) of ELSO initially, which became South and West Asia, Africa chapter (SWAAC) ELSO later after amalgamation of Africa to this sub-chapter of ELSO. History of development of cardiopulmonary bypass technology and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) help us understand the changes in medical science over the last century. South and West Asia chapter of ELSO (SWAC ELSO) [7] was established in the year 2013 as a result of combined efforts of the members of ECMO Society of India and Extracorporeal Life Support Organization, ELSO. SWAAC ELSO consists of centers which provide ECMO as part of National Health service as well as those in developing countries offering ECMO on selffunding. doi = 10.1007/s12055-020-01031-x id = cord-354658-v451z3jq author = Rajagopal, Keshava title = Advanced Pulmonary and Cardiac Support of COVID-19 Patients: Emerging Recommendations From ASAIO—A “Living Working Document” date = 2020-05-11 keywords = COVID-19; China; ECMO; SARS; patient summary = The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 is an emerging viral pathogen responsible for the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID)-19 pandemic resulting in significant human morbidity and mortality. We review the rapidly changing epidemiology, pathophysiology, emerging therapy, and clinical outcomes of COVID-19; and based on these data and previous experience with artificial cardiopulmonary support strategies, particularly in the setting of infectious diseases, provide consensus recommendations from ASAIO. It is the specific goal of the present paper to provide a resource document to the clinical community regarding evolving best practice strategies for advanced pulmonary and cardiac support in patients with severe progressive COVID-19. Although central cannulation is hemodynamically advantageous (with respect to higher flow rates; hemodynamic support is not relevant in pure V-V ECMO), in light of its invasiveness, bleeding risks, and specialized training required, it is more reasonable to propose peripheral cannulation as the initial approach of choice for COVID-19-related respiratory failure. doi = 10.1097/mat.0000000000001180 id = cord-333204-imrjlhia author = Reeb, J. title = Principi e indicazioni dell’assistenza circolatoria e respiratoria extracorporea in chirurgia toracica date = 2016-11-30 keywords = CEC; ECMO; del; della; extracorporeal; una summary = In origine, l''extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) era una tecnica di assistenza respiratoria che utilizzava uno scambiatore gassoso a membrana. Nel quadro della malattia polmonare dell''adulto, l''idea principale è quella di sviluppare il concetto di strategia minimalista con l''uso di una CEC adiuvante parziale -più che sostitutiva totale -che permetterebbe il recupero metabolico ad integrum del paziente. Nel quadro della malattia polmonare dell''adulto, l''idea principale è quella di sviluppare il concetto di strategia minimalista con l''uso di una CEC adiuvante parziale -più che sostitutiva totale -che permetterebbe il recupero metabolico ad integrum del paziente. Alla sua origine, l''extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) era una tecnica di assistenza respiratoria meccanica che utilizzava uno scambiatore gassoso a membrana. Sono soprattutto attesi i risultati dello studio ECMO to rescue Lung Injury in Severe ARDS (EOLIA) (Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome) [44] . doi = 10.1016/s1288-3336(16)79382-4 id = cord-252539-kx8ew3ap author = Riera, Jordi title = Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Retrieval in Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Case-Series of 19 Patients Supported at a High-Volume Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Center date = 2020-09-28 keywords = ECMO; patient summary = doi = 10.1097/cce.0000000000000228 id = cord-028835-jby1btv7 author = Rilinger, Jonathan title = Prone positioning in severe ARDS requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation date = 2020-07-08 keywords = ARDS; ECMO summary = BACKGROUND: Prone positioning (PP) has shown to improve survival in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). To this point, it is unclear if PP is also beneficial for ARDS patients treated with veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) support. METHODS: We report retrospective data of a single-centre registry of patients with severe ARDS requiring VV ECMO support between October 2010 and May 2018. CONCLUSION: In this propensity score matched cohort of severe ARDS patients requiring VV ECMO support, prone positioning at any time was not associated with improved weaning or survival. In case of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) support may be considered when lung-protective mechanical ventilation is not able to prevent hypoxia or hypercapnia [1] [2] [3] . We performed a retrospective analysis of ARDS patients treated with PP during ECMO support at our centre. doi = 10.1186/s13054-020-03110-2 id = cord-005621-a4bspoii author = Roch, Antoine title = Outcome of acute respiratory distress syndrome patients treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and brought to a referral center date = 2013-10-30 keywords = ARDS; ECMO; sofa summary = PURPOSE: Patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are candidates for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy. Abstract Purpose: Patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are candidates for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy. Conclusions: Age, SOFA score, and a diagnosis of influenza may be used to accurately evaluate the risk of death in ARDS patients considered for retrieval under ECMO from distant hospitals. The technique of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) involves placing them on a venovenous or venoarterial life-support circuit with a membrane oxygenator to temporarily take over the gas exchange and, sometimes, cardiac function [1] . In the present study, we evaluated early prognostic factors in ARDS patients treated with ECMO in distant hospitals by our mobile team and brought to our center during a 3-year period. doi = 10.1007/s00134-013-3135-1 id = cord-010697-0eutz8xy author = Roumy, Aurélien title = Pulmonary complications associated with veno-arterial extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation: a comprehensive review date = 2020-05-11 keywords = ECMO; extracorporeal; pulmonary summary = Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) is a life-saving technology that provides transient respiratory and circulatory support for patients with profound cardiogenic shock or refractory cardiac arrest. The interaction of blood components with the biomaterials of the extracorporeal membrane elicits a systemic inflammatory response which may increase pulmonary vascular permeability and promote the sequestration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils within the lung parenchyma. Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) is a life-saving technology providing respiratory and circulatory support in patients with refractory cardiogenic shock or cardiac arrest [1] and which may give time to plan future therapeutic decisions such as the insertion of long-term cardiac assist devices or heart transplantation (HTX) [2] . Alveolar edema and decreased pulmonary artery perfusion lead to lung parenchymal ischemia which in turn maintains chronic inflammation and promotes neoangiogenesis and fibrosis generation and polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs), and triggers the intrinsic coagulation cascade, resulting in the rapid generation of thrombin and fibrin within the systemic circulation [13] . doi = 10.1186/s13054-020-02937-z id = cord-263993-gbbkcwo7 author = Salazar, Leonardo Alberto title = CONSENSO ECMO COLOMBIANO PARA PACIENTE CON FALLA RESPIRATORIA GRAVE ASOCIADA A COVID-19 date = 2020-10-06 keywords = COVID-19; ECMO; con summary = doi = 10.1016/j.acci.2020.09.001 id = cord-323439-z6rghua1 author = Sampaio, Pedro Paulo N. title = Rescue Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation After Cardiac Arrest in COVID-19 Myopericarditis: A Case Report date = 2020-09-30 keywords = COVID-19; ECMO summary = Optimal management strategies are still unclear, including the role of immunomodulatory therapies and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in the context of cardiogenic shock. This case highlights the potential role of ECMO, convalescent plasma and immunomodulatory therapies in the management of cardiogenic shock associated with COVID-19 myopericarditis. We report a case of COVID-19 myopericarditis complicated by tamponade and cardiac arrest, successfully managed with venoarterial ECMO, convalescent plasma and immunomodulatory therapies. In addition, only 1 report of emergency ECMO cannulation after cardiac arrest in a patient with COVID-19 has been formerly documented, despite a subsequent unfavourable outcome [6] . We describe the first case of fulminant COVID-19 myopericarditis and tamponade successfully treated with venoarterial ECMO, neutralizing antibodies and anti-inflammatory therapies, after recovery from cardiac arrest. Our report illustrates the importance of appropriate supportive measures in fulminant COVID-19 myopericarditis, particularly the potential role of timely venoarterial ECMO support for circulatory shock following recovery from cardiac arrest. doi = 10.1016/j.carrev.2020.09.038 id = cord-321149-hffj7s4o author = Schmidt, Matthieu title = Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome associated with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study date = 2020-08-13 keywords = ARDS; COVID-19; ECMO; ICU; patient summary = Methods This retrospective cohort study was done in the Paris–Sorbonne University Hospital Network, comprising five intensive care units (ICUs) and included patients who received ECMO for COVID-19 associated ARDS. This retrospective study, with 83 patients included and a complete follow-up until day 60 post-ECMO initiation is, to our knowledge, the largest to date reporting the outcomes after rescue ECMO for the most severe forms of COVID-19 ARDS, in the Paris-Sorbonne University Hospital Network (Paris, France), the principal hospital referral network for ICU care in Greater Paris, including one of the largest European ECMO centres (Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital). Following early reports of severe COVID-19 associated coagulopathy [16] [17] [18] and frequent thromboembolic events on ECMO, inclu ding massive pulmonary embolism, 19, 20 we decided to increase the targeted activated partial thromboplastin time for anticoagulation of venovenous ECMO with unfractionated heparin to 60-75 s or anti-Xa activity 0·3-0·5 IU/mL (respective values were 40-55 s or 0·2-0·3 IU/mL in the EOLIA trial 3 ) before we treated our first patients with COVID-19 ARDS. doi = 10.1016/s2213-2600(20)30328-3 id = cord-011413-yv4x8viu author = Shekar, Kiran title = Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Coronavirus Disease 2019 Interim Guidelines: A Consensus Document from an International Group of Interdisciplinary Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Providers date = 2020-05-12 keywords = ECMO; ELSO; PPE; covid-19; patient summary = The Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Guidelines have been developed to assist existing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) centers to prepare and plan provision of ECMO during the ongoing pandemic. 11 The interim recommendations presented here balance the need to provide high-quality ECMO care to those who may benefit most while being cognizant of available resources and maintaining an environment of patient and staff safety (Figure 1) . In addition, the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) COVID-19 Working Group Members completed a survey on patient selection criteria for ECMO to build consensus. We recommend the following contraindications for ECMO in patients with cardiopulmonary failure due to COVID-19 (Table 1) in centers functioning under significant resource constraints, for example, Contingency Capacity ≥ Tier 1. International ECMO Network (ECMONet): Position paper for the organization of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation programs for acute respiratory failure in adult patients doi = 10.1097/mat.0000000000001193 id = cord-003336-6sscf1lq author = Shi, Jingyi title = Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation with prone position ventilation successfully rescues infantile pertussis: a case report and literature review date = 2018-11-30 keywords = ECMO; pertussis; prone summary = During ECMO support period, prone position ventilation and care bundle nursing strategy contributed to the relief of continuous airway spasm. Both prone position ventilation and care bundle might be considered as key factors of the lifesaving support under ECMO in infant with severe pertussis complicated with recurrent airway spasm. Prone position ventilation and care bundle played crucial role in the management of ECMO flow influenced by pertussis toxin-induced airway spasm. Importantly, pertussis toxin-induced recurrent airway spasm brought the challenging for the ECMO flow management during EMCO support, which was the specific clinical feature in this case. Prone position ventilation is an effective method for improving oxygenation in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [18, 19] . Recent study indicated that prone positioning was performed for 4 h, every 8 h, for 10 days in a 17-day-old infant with severe pertussis under ECMO support [10] . doi = 10.1186/s12887-018-1351-0 id = cord-339947-skr8m85y author = Slaughter, Mark S. title = COVID-19 Update date = 2020-04-01 keywords = ECMO summary = doi = 10.1097/mat.0000000000001174 id = cord-035248-m5517zgn author = Stokes, John W. title = Bleeding, Thromboembolism, and Clinical Outcomes in Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation date = 2020-11-09 keywords = ECMO; membrane summary = Our objective was to examine the relative frequencies of bleeding and thromboembolic events and their associations with survival among a cohort of consecutive patients receiving venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Our objective was to examine the relative frequencies of bleeding and thromboembolic events and their associations with survival among a cohort of consecutive patients receiving venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Conclusions: In this cohort of patients receiving venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and anticoagulation, bleeding occurred more frequently than thromboembolism and was associated with worse survival. Conclusions: In this cohort of patients receiving venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and anticoagulation, bleeding occurred more frequently than thromboembolism and was associated with worse survival. We collected the following data from the electronic health record: patient characteristics in the 24 hours prior to ECMO initiation; bleeding and thromboembolic events during venovenous ECMO as previously defined (5); and clinical outcomes, including in-hospital survival, ECMO duration, and hospital length of stay. doi = 10.1097/cce.0000000000000267 id = cord-321419-ndlw9gk2 author = Sultan, Ibrahim title = The role of extracorporeal life support for patients with COVID‐19: Preliminary results from a statewide experience date = 2020-04-25 keywords = ECMO summary = title: The role of extracorporeal life support for patients with COVID‐19: Preliminary results from a statewide experience OBJECTIVE: There is a paucity of clinical data on critically ill patients with COVID‐19 requiring extracorporeal life support. METHODS: A statewide multi‐institutional collaborative for COVID‐19 patients was utilized to obtain clinical data on the first 10 critically ill COVID‐19 patients who required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary multi‐institutional data from a statewide collaborative offer insight into the clinical characteristics of the first 10 patients requiring ECMO for COVID‐19 and their initial clinical course. Planning and provision of ECMO services for severe ARDS during the COVID-19 pandemic and other outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases Preparing for the most critically ill patients with COVID-19: the potential role of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation The role of extracorporeal life support for patients with COVID-19: Preliminary results from a statewide experience doi = 10.1111/jocs.14583 id = cord-323308-tmplwyz6 author = Uemura, Tatsuki title = Concerns About the Timing and Settings of Initiating Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Patients With Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia date = 2020-08-18 keywords = ECMO summary = title: Concerns About the Timing and Settings of Initiating Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Patients With Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia The authors describe the characteristics of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) induced by the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). They reported the mortality rate of COVID-19-induced ARDS requiring ECMO as 57.1%, which is similar to the 58.3% reported for outcomes (death or coma) in another case series (2) . They also described the timing of initiation and the initial settings of ECMO in patients with severe ARDS induced by COVID-19. Although early initiation is reported to be associated with good prognosis in adult ARDS patients (3), COVID-19 pneumonia is reported to present with features different from typical ARDS (4). Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Coronavirus Disease 2019-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Multicenter Descriptive Study Prognosis when using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for critically ill COVID-19 patients in China: A retrospective case series doi = 10.1097/ccm.0000000000004560 id = cord-344326-025ioy3r author = Usman, AA title = A Case Series of Devastating Intracranial Hemorrhage during Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for COVID-19 date = 2020-07-28 keywords = COVID-19; ECMO summary = This report was created to describe the authors'' single institutional experience, with emphasis on the high rate of intracranial hemorrhage for the first 10 patients with COVID-19 placed on venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO). Despite maximal medical therapy, COVID-19 can progress to severe, refractory acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) prompting clinicians to consider utilization of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in appropriate cases, although early reports appeared to have high rates of mortality. This case series describes our single institutional neurological outcomes for the first ten patients placed on VV ECMO for COVID-19, of whom three had severe intraparenchymal hemorrhagic strokes resulting in death, one patient had a small subarachnoid hemorrhage and one patient had severe gastrointestinal bleeding. This unprecedented intracranial hemorrhage rate in COVID related ARDS requiring VV ECMO has prompted an evaluation of our anticoagulation practice by experts in hematology and neurology. doi = 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.07.063 id = cord-005876-d8sid7gd author = Varnholt, V. title = ARDS infolge schwerer RSV-Infektion Therapeutische Optionen: Therapeutische Optionen date = 1996 keywords = ECMO; HFOV; RSV; Virus summary = Wir berichten im folgenden ü ber eine auffallende Hä ufung schwerster RS-Virus-Pneumonien mit konsekutivem ARDS im Winterhalbjahr 1994/1995 in unserer Klinik und den Verlauf bei den betroffenen Patienten -nach der vergeblichen Anwendung "ü blicher" Behandlungsmethoden -wä hrend der Anwendung alternativer Therapieverfahren [NO-Inhalation, Hochfrequenzoszillationsbeatmung (HFOV), extrakorporale Membranoxygenierung (ECMO)]. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) -ARDS -Inhaled nitric oxide (NO) -High frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) -Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) [10] . Krankheitsverlauf bei 10 Patienten mit RSV-Pneumonie unter alternativen Therapieverfahren wurden -in den verlegenden Institutionen -in 50 % der Fä lle eingesetzt, nach Ü bernahme von uns nur noch bei 2 Kindern: Die mö gliche obstruktive Komponente einer RSV-Infektion stand bei unseren Patienten nicht im Vordergrund, ersichtlich auch an den teilweise sehr niedrigen pCO 2 -Werten. Durch den Einsatz von NO oder/und HFOV kann bei schwer verlaufenden RSV-Infektionen -wie bei anderen Formen des kindlichen Lungenversagens -eine ECMO-Therapie manchmal vermieden werden. Ob bei beatmungspflichtigen Kindern mit RSV-Pneumonie ein frü herer Einsatz von NO und/oder HFOV zu einer weiteren Senkung der Letalität fü hrt, mü ssen weitere Beobachtungen zeigen. doi = 10.1007/s001120050095 id = cord-017392-ja9b5vy9 author = Waterer, G. W. title = Adjunctive and Supportive Measures for Community-Acquired Pneumonia date = 2010-05-20 keywords = ECMO; cap; patient; pneumonia summary = Randomized, controlled trials have shown corticosteroids reduce mortality in AIDS patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and significant hypoxia, if instituted at or prior to the onset of anti-pneumocystis therapy [8, 9] . Anecdotally, corticosteroids are frequently used in the setting of severe fungal pneumonia, particularly due to Histoplasmosis [11, 12] , and a small controlled trial of 55 patients supported their use in miliary tuberculosis [13] . Following the success of pre-antibiotic corticosteroids in children with meningitis [14] , Marik and colleagues [15] studied the effect of a single dose of hydrocortisone (10 mg/kg) 30 min prior to antibiotic therapy in a small randomized placebo controlled trial of 30 adult patients with severe CAP (SCAP). Once respiratory failure has ensued, supportive measures such as patient positioning and differential lung ventilation can improve oxygenation at no additional risk in some patients, particularly those with severe unilateral pneumonia. doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-34406-3_38 id = cord-307512-70j4vn78 author = Worku, Elliott title = Provision of ECPR during COVID-19: evidence, equity, and ethical dilemmas date = 2020-07-27 keywords = CCPR; COVID-19; ECMO; ECPR summary = The logistics of patient selection, expedient cannulation, healthcare worker safety, and post-resuscitation care must be weighed against the ethical considerations of providing an intervention of contentious benefit at a time when critical care resources are being overwhelmed by pandemic demand. The first is in-hospital cannulation, whereby patients suffering an IHCA or OHCA who fail to achieve ROSC with standard CCPR and advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) may be cannulated for ECPR. b Expedient cannulation and establishment of extracorporeal perfusion is a requisite of an effective ECPR; for OHCA, this may occur: (i) on-scene cannulation by mobile ECMO practitioners and (ii) rapid retrieval to ECPR hospital recognising those patients who might benefit from ECPR, requirements for donning personal protective equipment (PPE), impaired ambulance response times, and lack of critical care resources, may preclude the use of ECPR even in those who would otherwise be eligible. doi = 10.1186/s13054-020-03172-2 id = cord-255016-04tgo216 author = Yang, Yang title = Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Coronavirus Disease 2019-associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: An Initial US Experience at a High-volume Centre date = 2020-06-26 keywords = ECMO summary = title: Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Coronavirus Disease 2019-associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: An Initial US Experience at a High-volume Centre Our report describes the clinical course of COVID-19 patients treated with ECMO at a major highvolume academic medical centre in the US. Third, the RESP score appears to be a reliable measure in predicting outcomes among COVID-19 patients treated with ECMO. In our study, we used the RESP score to calculate the probability of hospital survival and used 40% as our arbitrary cut-off for who was offered treatment with ECMO. ECMO = extracorporeal membrane oxygenation Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for coronavirus disease Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the treatment of severe pulmonary and cardiac compromise in COVID-19: experience with 32 patients Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection is suspected: interim guidance. Predicting survival after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe acute respiratory failure. The Respiratory Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Survival Prediction (RESP) score doi = 10.15420/cfr.2020.16 id = cord-030673-ny8k8k8j author = Yeo, Hye Ju title = Risk factors for complete recovery of adults after weaning from veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe acute respiratory failure: an analysis from adult patients in the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization registry date = 2020-08-20 keywords = ECMO summary = title: Risk factors for complete recovery of adults after weaning from veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe acute respiratory failure: an analysis from adult patients in the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization registry METHODS: Data from adult patients in the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization registry who received veno-venous ECMO between 2012 and 2017 were analyzed. In the multivariate analyses, age (≥ 65 years) (odds ratio (OR) 0.72, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.59–0.87, p = 0.001), cardiac arrest before ECMO (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.60–0.96, p = 0.021), vasopressor use (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.64–0.83, p < 0.001), renal replacement therapy (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.28–0.57, p < 0.001), ECMO-related complications (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.67–0.85, p < 0.001), and long-term ECMO support (≥ 2 weeks) (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.37–0.48, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with complete recovery. The PRESERVE mortality risk score and analysis of long-term outcomes after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome doi = 10.1186/s40560-020-00480-1 id = cord-285922-4gge917e author = Yusuff, Hakeem title = Thrombosis and Coagulopathy in COVID-19 Patients Requiring Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation date = 2020-06-01 keywords = COVID-19; ECMO summary = 1 Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been used to manage patients with COVID 19-associated severe respiratory or cardiac failure with mortality in excess of 50%. 5 In addition, there is early development of a disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)-like picture in a subset of patients, the management of which is made more complicated if providing systemic anticoagulation to prevent thrombosis and maintain the extracorporeal circuit. 24 The hyperinflammatory state associated with COVID-19 disease may create these effects as well, potentially contributing to hemorrhagic complications encountered during ECMO support. The associated increased risk of thrombosis and coagulopathy in ECMO patients is a result of a combination of processes driven by the disease occurring in synergy with the effect of the extracorporeal circuit on the coagulation system. Ongoing analysis of the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization registry data and data from ECMO centers around the world (ExtraCorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for 2019 novel Coronavirus Acute Respiratory Disease (ECMOCard study) will hopefully help to better characterize and understand these pathologic derangements of coagulation. doi = 10.1097/mat.0000000000001208 id = cord-290741-y3lvewlz author = Zeng, Yingchun title = Prognosis when using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for critically ill COVID-19 patients in China: a retrospective case series date = 2020-04-15 keywords = ECMO summary = title: Prognosis when using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for critically ill COVID-19 patients in China: a retrospective case series Prognosis when using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for critically ill COVID-19 patients in China: a retrospective case series Yingchun Zeng 1 † , Zhongxiang Cai 2 † , Yunyan Xianyu 2 † , Bing Xiang Yang 3* , Ting Song 1* and Qiaoyuan Yan 4* The World Health Organization (WHO) has characterized the disease, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), as a pandemic on March 11, 2020 (www.who.int). If severe respiratory failure persisted, then ECMO should be started as soon as possible." [6] Worldwide data on prognosis when using ECMO to treat critically ill patients with COVID-19 infection are not available, and whether ECMO plays a role in reducing patient mortality rates is currently unknown. Based on the two cohort case series in this study, nearly half of the critically ill COVID-19 patients with ECMO were dying from septic shock and multiple organ failure. doi = 10.1186/s13054-020-2840-8 id = cord-032891-pvijxcgi author = Zhang, Joe title = Veno-venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Case Series date = 2020-09-25 keywords = COVID-19; ECMO summary = RATIONALE: The use of veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) in severe hypoxaemic respiratory failure from Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been described, but reported utilisation and outcomes are variable, and detailed information on patient characteristics is lacking. While VV-ECMO was associated with improved outcome during the H1N1 influenza pandemic (4, 5) , COVID-19 demonstrates features unique from other respiratory infections and early case-series have reported high mortality in patients on ECMO (6) (7) (8) . National criteria were adapted for the COVID-19 pandemic on the 10 th of April 2020 (11) to include clinical frailty scale ≤3 (12) , the use of the Respiratory ECMO Survival Prediction (RESP) score (13) to aid pre-ECMO decision-making (with RESP score ≤3 requiring agreement between at least two centres), and an exclusion of "refractory multi-organ failure". Poor survival with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Pooled analysis of early reports doi = 10.1183/23120541.00463-2020 id = cord-003532-lcgeingz author = nan title = 39th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine: Brussels, Belgium, 19-22 March 2019 date = 2019-03-19 keywords = AKI; APACHE; ARDS; AUC; Care; Critical; DIC; ECMO; Fig; Hospital; ICU; Intensive; LOS; MAP; conclusion; figure; group; high; introduction; level; method; mortality; patient; result; score; sofa; study; table summary = It''s proposed to evaluate the association between myocardial injury biomarkers, high-sensitive troponin T (hs-cTnT) and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-ProBNP), with inflammatory mediators (IL-6, IL-1Β , IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 / IL-23p40, IL17A, IL-21 and TNF-α ) and biomarkers, C protein reactive (CPR) and procalcitonin (PCT), in septic patients Methods: This was a prospective cohort study performed in three intensive care units, from September 2007 to September 2010 enrolling patients with sepsis (infection associated with organ dysfunction), and septic shock (hypotension refractory by fluids infusion requiring vasopressor). Blood samples were collected up to 48h after the development of first organ dysfunction (D0) and on the 7th day after inclusion in the study (D7) Results: Ninety-five patients were enrolled, with median age 64 years (interquatile?48-78), APACHE II: median 19 (14-22), SOFA: median 8 (5-10); 24.2% were admitted in ICU with sepsis and 75.8% with septic shock. doi = 10.1186/s13054-019-2358-0 id = cord-005497-w81ysjf9 author = nan title = 40th International Symposium on Intensive Care & Emergency Medicine: Brussels, Belgium. 24-27 March 2020 date = 2020-03-24 keywords = AKI; AUC; CRP; CRRT; Care; Critical; ECMO; Fig; Hospital; ICU; IQR; Intensive; LOS; LPS; OHCA; PCT; ROC; TBI; Unit; University; VAP; blood; day; figure; group; high; introduction; mortality; patient; result; sepsis; sofa; study; table summary = The positive NC group had more plasma transfusion (p-value 0.03) and a lower median hematocrit at 24 hrs (p-value 0.013), but similar hospital length of stay (p=0.17) and mortality rate (p=0.80) Conclusions: NC at ICU admission identifies subclinical AKI in TBI patients and it maight be used to predictclinical AKI. In patients with pneumonia requiring intensive care (ICU) admission, we hypothesise that abnormal right ventricular (RV) function is associated with an increased 90-day mortality. The objective of this study was to describe the incidence of each AKI stages as defined by KDIGO definition (with evaluation of urine output, serum creatinine and initiation of renal replacement therapy (RRT)), in a mixed medical and surgical population of patients hospitalized in ICU and PCU over a 10-year period (2008-2018). This study aimed at investigating the relationship of goal-directed energy and protein adequacy on clinical outcomes which includes mortality, intensive care unit(ICU) and hospital length of stay (LOS), and length of mechanical ventilation (LOMV). doi = 10.1186/s13054-020-2772-3 id = cord-005646-xhx9pzhj author = nan title = 2nd World Congress on Pediatric Intensive Care 1996 Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 23–26 June 1996 Abstracts of Oral Presentations, Posters and Nursing Programme date = 1996 keywords = ARDS; CPB; Care; Children; ECMO; Hospital; ICU; Intensive; PICU; Pediatric; Unit; age; blood; case; child; conclusion; day; failure; group; high; hour; increase; infant; level; mean; method; patient; prism; pulmonary; respiratory; result; severe; study; ventilation; year summary = Aims and methods The aim of both a prospective and retrospective survey conducted in German pediatric intensive care units in 1993 was to accumulate data on the epidemiology, risk factors, natural history and treatment strategies in a large group of pediatric ARDS patients who were treated in the tt~ee year period from 1991 to 1993.All patients had acute bilateral alveolar infiltration of noncardiogenic origin and a pO2~iO2 ratio < 150mmHg. The influence of sex, underlying disease and single organ failure was analyzed using the Fischer''s exact test, the influence of additional organ failure on mortality was tested with the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszet statistics. doi = 10.1007/bf02316512 id = cord-005814-ak5pq312 author = nan title = 8th European Congress of Intensive Care Medicine Athens - Greece, October 18–22, 1995 Abstracts date = 1995 keywords = AMI; APACHE; ARDS; ARF; COPD; CPB; CPR; CVP; Care; ECG; ECMO; Group; H20; Hospital; ICP; ICU; III; IL-6; Intensive; January; LPS; MOF; PSV; SAPS; TNF; Unit; University; acute; blood; cardiac; change; conclusion; control; day; effect; failure; follow; high; hour; increase; level; mean; measure; method; mortality; objective; patient; peep; pressure; pulmonary; respiratory; result; study; treatment; value summary = Results: In 5 patients with treated SS, 16 tests were performed (VL n=8; Dobu n=4; NA n=4 Method: Septic shock was defined as severe sepsis with either persistent hypotension (mean arterial pressure; MAP<70 mmHg) or the requirement for a noradrenaline (NA) infusion ~> 0.1 ~g/kg/min with a MAP _< 90mmHg. Cardiovascular support was limited to NA + dobutamine (DB), 546C88 was administered for up to 8 h at a fixed dose-rate of either i, 2.5, 5, 10 or 20 mg/kg/h iv. Methods: Fourteen cases were s~udied,their gestational age ranged from(27-32)ws.Continnous positive air way pressure was applied to six cases at Peep level from (3-6)cm H2o through nasal pronge,(group I),the other 8 cases were managed as routine,(group II).Blood gases, TcPO2,TcCo2,resp.rate,depth and pattern were monitored for assessment of tissue Oxygenation and ventilation, Results: Our rasults showed that early application of CPAP improve ventilation among (83.3%)of cases,while (16.7%)of cases need IMV.The cases of group II need IMV among (75%)of the studied cases during the second or the third day of life. doi = 10.1007/bf02426401 id = cord-006236-2gpwf4z2 author = nan title = Abstracts from the First International Conference on Heart Failure in Children and Young Adults date = 2004 keywords = BNP; DCM; ECMO; VAD; child; failure; heart; patient summary = Key words: Gene Expression, Ventricular Hypertrophy, and Congenital Heart Disease Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) can be used to support children with severe graft failure after heart transplant (Tx). In the 2 pts with graft failure from acute rejection, ECMO duration was 5 and 6 days; both regained normal heart function and were successfully decannulated without complications. Key words: ECMO, Heart Transplant, Graft Failure, Acute Hemodynamic Rejection Background: Ventricular assist device (VAD) support is well established in treating adults with end-stage heart disease. Key words: Mechanical circulatory support, Pediatric, VAD, Congenital Heart Disease, and Cardiomyopathy Background: Measurement of whole blood B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels has been shown to detect heart failure in adults presenting with dyspnea in the acute setting. Key words: levosimendan, heart failure, cardiomyopathy Methods: 20 children were studied, age range from 2 to 192 months (median 32.5 months). doi = 10.1007/s00246-004-2553-9 id = cord-015024-2xzc0uc5 author = nan title = ESICM 2010 WEDNESDAY SESSIONS 13 October 2010 date = 2010-08-31 keywords = APACHE; ARDS; CVP; Care; ECMO; Hospital; ICU; Intensive; conclusion; day; group; high; increase; introduction; level; method; objectives; patient; result; sepsis; sofa; study summary = We performed a prospective clinical study in a 17-bed multidisciplinary intensive care unit, including 21 patients with controlled mechanical ventilation and monitored with the Vigileo Ò monitor, for whom the decision to give fluids was taken due to the presence of circulatory, including arterial hypotension (MAP B 65 mmHg or systolic arterial pressure \90 mmHg), and preserved preload-responsiveness condition, defined as SVV C10%. The aim of this study was to compare and evaluate four severity scoring systems in intensive care unit (ICU), including APACHE II, APACHE III, SASP II and MODS in severe septic patient. A prospective observational study was performed in 16 mechanically ventilated critically ill patients (12 M, age 49 ± 17 yr, BMI 25 ± 5 kg/m 2 , ICU admission day 5 ± 3, APACHE II on study 20 ± 7; mean ± SD) and 6 healthy subjects (3 M, age 24 ± 9 year, BMI 24 ± 45 kg/m 2 ). doi = 10.1007/s00134-010-2001-7 id = cord-015162-6be21d59 author = nan title = Abstracts der 48. Gemeinsamen Jahrestagung der DGIIN und ÖGIAIN. Der Mensch – ein anspruchsvoller Arbeitsplatz. 8.-10. Juni 2016 in Berlin, Estrel Berlin date = 2016-05-04 keywords = Angpt-2; Berlin; ECMO; Patienten; Tie2; der; die; mit; patient; und; von summary = Aim of the study: To investigate whether the use of Ticagrelor in comparison to other platelet-inhibitors is associated with a greater risk of bleeding or death in patients with acute myocardial infarction in the emergency room. Initiale Laborwerte: pH 7,2, pO 2 9,3 kPa (unter 3 l O 2 /min), pCO 2 5,8 kPa, BE -10, HCO 3 17; K+ 3,4; Na 143; Hb 6,8; Kreatinin 106; Harnstoff 3,5; Lactat 7,3; Glucose 9 (je mmol/l); Leukozyten: 12 (je Gpt/l); Methode: Therapie in den ersten 12 Stunden: Übernahme auf die Intensivstation, dort Intubation, rasch sich entwickelnder exzessiver Katecholaminbedarf mit Kreislaufstillstand und Reanimation. This difference does not lead to higher in-hospital mortality as compared to men in Hintergrund: Akute Herzinsuffizienzsyndrome (AHFS) sind die häufigste Ursache für Hospitalisierungen in Deutschland, verursachen enorme Kosten und zeigen eine hohe Mortalität. Ziel der Studie ist es den fungalen Biomarker 1,3-Beta-D-Glucan (BDG) hinsichtlich einer frühen Detektion einer IM und als Outcome-Parameter bei immunsupprimierten Intensivpatienten mit septischen Schock zu evaluieren. doi = 10.1007/s00063-016-0166-8 id = cord-015172-hya08ch9 author = nan title = Abstracts der 41. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Neonatologie und Pädiatrische Intensivmedizin date = 2015-05-20 keywords = Adaptationsphase; ECMO; Frühgeborenen; IVH; Therapie; bei; der; die; infant; mit; und summary = Our data show a significant correlation between continuous aEEG monitoring, which is a valuable and reliable method for prediction of neurodevelopmental outcome in neonates with HIE, and NIRS measurements. 114 preterm infants [gestational age (GA) <30 weeks of gestation] who had an aEEG within the first 14 days of life and a neurodevelopmental outcome at the age of 2 were retrospectively included into the study. In einer retrospektiven Datenbankanalyse wurde untersucht, ob die Transfusion adulter Spender-Thrombozyten innerhalb der ersten Lebenstage den Verschluss eines hämodynamisch relevanten persistierenden Duktus arteriosus (HRPDA) bei Frühgeborenen mit extrem geringem Geburtsgewicht und bereits begonnener Indomethacin-Therapie begünstigt. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the effect of human lactoferrin on LPS and LTA stimulated cord blood monocyte-derived macrophages of term and preterm neonates compared to healthy adults. The aim of our study was to establish gestational age related reference values for the aEEGs using the Burdjalov score in preterm infants <30 weeks of gestation. doi = 10.1007/s00112-015-3359-y id = cord-255256-8uckmya4 author = nan title = Akzeptierte Abstracts für die COVID-19-bedingt abgesagte DGIIN/ÖGIAIN-Jahrestagung 2020 date = 2020-08-18 keywords = CVVH; ECMO; ICU; patient summary = High to low bicarbonate replacement fluid switch in alkalotic patients during continuous venovenous hemofiltration with regional citrate anticoagulation-a retrospective single centre analysis Goal of the study: The aim of our study was to compare the replacement fluids (RF) Phoxilium (30 mmol/ l HCO3-) and Biphozyl (22 mmol/ l HCO3-) during continuous renal replacement therapy (CVVH) with regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) in alkalotic critically ill patients. Gender differences in acid-base metabolism during continuous venovenous hemofiltration with regional citrate anticoagulation Goal of the study: The aim of our study was to compare the replacement fluids (RF) Phoxilium (30 mmol/ l HCO3-) and Biphozyl (22 mmol/ l HCO3-) during continuous renal replacement therapy (CVVH) with regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) in alkalotic critically ill women and men. doi = 10.1007/s00063-020-00711-1 id = cord-335975-m6lkrehi author = nan title = Proceedings of Réanimation 2018, the French Intensive Care Society International Congress date = 2018-02-05 keywords = AKI; ARDS; CKD; December; ECMO; Fig; ICU; IQR; January; NIV; SAPS; VAP; care; day; group; introduction; mortality; patient; result; sofa; study summary = A qSOFA score relying on 3 simple clinical criteria (respiratory rate, mental status and systolic blood pressure) has been proposed to better identify septic patients with associated higher mortality outside the intensive care unit (Seymour CW et al., JAMA 2016) . We propose to determine whether the arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2) at intensive care unit (ICU) admission affects mortality at day 28 (D28) in patients with septic shock subjected to mechanical out-of-hospital ventilation. Conclusion: In this study, we report a significant association between hyperoxemia at ICU admission and mortality at D28 in patients with septic shock subjected to pre-hospital invasive mechanical ventilation. The aim of this study was to describe outcome of pediatric patient with hematologic disease hospitalized in our intensive care unit for respiratory failure and to investigate the clinical variables associated with mortality. doi = 10.1186/s13613-017-0345-7 id = cord-355038-o2hr5mox author = nan title = Proceedings of Réanimation 2020, the French Intensive Care Society International Congress date = 2020-02-11 keywords = AKI; ARDS; CHU; COPD; Care; Correspondence; December; ECMO; Fig; France; Hospital; ICU; IQR; January; NIV; PICU; VAP; day; french; group; high; invitation; method; mortality; patient; rationale; result; sofa; study summary = Conclusion: In patients with moderate-to-severe ARDS, a higher tidal volume under PSV within the 72 h following neuromuscular blockers cessation is independently associated with the 28-day mortality.Compliance with ethics regulations: Yes. Kaplan-Meier estimate of the cumulative probability of survival according to the mean tidal volume (Vt)-lower of higher than 8 ml/ kg-under pressure support ventilation (PSV) during the "transition period" transfusion is associated with adverse events, and equipoise remains on the optimal transfusion strategy in oncologic patients in surgical setting. Compliance with ethics regulations: Yes. Patients and methods: In a retrospective monocentric study (01/2013-01/2017) conducted in cardio-vascular surgical intensive care unit (ICU) in Henri Mondor teaching hospital, all consecutive adult patients who underwent peripheral VA-ECMO were included, with exclusion of those dying in the first 24 h. Compliance with ethics regulations: Yes. Rationale: Acute respiratory failure is the leading reason for intensive care unit (ICU) admission in immunocompromised patients and the need for invasive mechanical ventilation has become a major clinical end-point in randomized controlled trials (RCT). doi = 10.1186/s13613-020-0623-7