id sid tid token lemma pos cord-348994-ly2fop7d 1 1 key key NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 1 2 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 1 3 cord-348994-ly2fop7d cord-348994-ly2fop7d NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 1 4 authors author NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 1 5 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 1 6 Faustini Faustini NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 1 7 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 1 8 Annunziata Annunziata NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 1 9 ; ; : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 1 10 Davoli Davoli NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 1 11 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 1 12 Marina Marina NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 1 13 title title NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 1 14 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 2 1 Attributable attributable JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 2 2 Risk risk NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 2 3 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 2 4 Assess assess VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 2 5 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 2 6 Health Health NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 2 7 Impact Impact NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 2 8 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 2 9 Air Air NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 2 10 Pollution Pollution NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 2 11 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 2 12 Advances advance NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 2 13 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 2 14 Controversies controversy NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 2 15 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 2 16 State State NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 2 17 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 2 18 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 2 19 Art Art NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 2 20 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 2 21 Future Future NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 2 22 Needs need NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 3 1 date date NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 3 2 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 3 3 2020 2020 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 3 4 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 3 5 06 06 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 3 6 - - SYM cord-348994-ly2fop7d 3 7 23 23 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 3 8 journal journal NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 3 9 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 4 1 Int Int NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 4 2 J J NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 4 3 Environ Environ NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 4 4 Res Res NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 4 5 Public Public NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 4 6 Health Health NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 4 7 DOI doi NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 4 8 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 5 1 10.3390 10.3390 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 5 2 / / SYM cord-348994-ly2fop7d 5 3 ijerph17124512 ijerph17124512 NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 6 1 sha sha NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 7 1 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 7 2 bf2e37de0cae4bde40bcdc42930227843afb1f2d bf2e37de0cae4bde40bcdc42930227843afb1f2d NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 7 3 doc_id doc_id CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 7 4 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 7 5 348994 348994 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 7 6 cord_uid cord_uid NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 7 7 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 7 8 ly2fop7d ly2fop7d JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 8 1 Despite despite IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 8 2 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 8 3 increased increase VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 8 4 attention attention NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 8 5 given give VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 8 6 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 8 7 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 8 8 health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 8 9 impact impact NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 8 10 assessment assessment NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 8 11 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 8 12 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 8 13 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 8 14 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 8 15 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 8 16 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 8 17 strategies strategy NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 8 18 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 8 19 control control VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 8 20 it -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 8 21 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 8 22 both both CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 8 23 scientific scientific JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 8 24 literature literature NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 8 25 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 8 26 concrete concrete JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 8 27 interventions intervention NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 8 28 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 8 29 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 8 30 results result NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 8 31 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 8 32 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 8 33 implementations implementation NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 8 34 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 8 35 especially especially RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 8 36 those those DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 8 37 involving involve VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 8 38 traffic traffic NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 8 39 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 8 40 have have VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 8 41 not not RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 8 42 always always RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 8 43 been be VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 8 44 satisfactory satisfactory JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 8 45 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 8 46 there there EX cord-348994-ly2fop7d 8 47 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 8 48 still still RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 8 49 disagreement disagreement NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 8 50 about about IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 8 51 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 8 52 most most RBS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 8 53 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 8 54 interventions intervention NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 8 55 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 8 56 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 8 57 methods method NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 8 58 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 8 59 assess assess VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 8 60 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 8 61 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 8 62 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 9 1 This this DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 9 2 state state NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 9 3 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 9 4 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 9 5 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 9 6 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 9 7 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 9 8 art art NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 9 9 article article NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 9 10 reviews review VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 9 11 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 9 12 recent recent JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 9 13 interpretation interpretation NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 9 14 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 9 15 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 9 16 concepts concept NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 9 17 that that WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 9 18 concern concern VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 9 19 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 9 20 impact impact NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 9 21 assessment assessment NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 9 22 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 9 23 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 9 24 compares compare VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 9 25 old old JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 9 26 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 9 27 new new JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 9 28 measurements measurement NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 9 29 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 9 30 attributable attributable JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 9 31 risk risk NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 9 32 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 9 33 attributable attributable JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 9 34 fraction fraction NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 9 35 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 10 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 10 2 also also RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 10 3 summarizes summarize VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 10 4 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 10 5 ongoing ongoing JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 10 6 discussion discussion NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 10 7 about about IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 10 8 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 10 9 designs design NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 10 10 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 10 11 methods method NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 10 12 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 10 13 assessing assess VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 10 14 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 10 15 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 10 16 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 10 17 impact impact NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 10 18 with with IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 10 19 particular particular JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 10 20 attention attention NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 10 21 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 10 22 improvements improvement NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 10 23 due due IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 10 24 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 10 25 spatio spatio JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 10 26 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 10 27 temporal temporal JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 10 28 analysis analysis NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 10 29 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 10 30 other other JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 10 31 new new JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 10 32 approaches approach NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 10 33 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 10 34 such such JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 10 35 as as IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 10 36 studying study VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 10 37 short short JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 10 38 term term NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 10 39 effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 10 40 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 10 41 cohorts cohort NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 10 42 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 10 43 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 10 44 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 10 45 still still RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 10 46 discussed discuss VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 10 47 methods method NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 10 48 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 10 49 predicting predict VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 10 50 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 10 51 values value NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 10 52 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 10 53 attributable attributable JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 10 54 risk risk NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 10 55 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 10 56 AR AR NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 10 57 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 10 58 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 11 1 Finally finally RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 11 2 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 11 3 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 11 4 study study NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 11 5 presents present VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 11 6 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 11 7 more more RBR cord-348994-ly2fop7d 11 8 recent recent JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 11 9 analytic analytic JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 11 10 perspectives perspective NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 11 11 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 11 12 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 11 13 methods method NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 11 14 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 11 15 directly directly RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 11 16 assessing assess VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 11 17 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 11 18 effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 11 19 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 11 20 not not RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 11 21 yet yet RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 11 22 implemented implement VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 11 23 interventions intervention NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 11 24 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 11 25 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 11 26 quality quality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 11 27 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 11 28 health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 11 29 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 11 30 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 11 31 accordance accordance NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 11 32 with with IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 11 33 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 11 34 suggestion suggestion NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 11 35 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 11 36 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 11 37 strategic strategic JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 11 38 plan plan NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 11 39 2020−2025 2020−2025 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 11 40 from from IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 11 41 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 11 42 Health Health NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 11 43 Effect Effect NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 11 44 Institute Institute NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 11 45 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 12 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 12 2 impact impact NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 12 3 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 12 4 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 12 5 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 12 6 public public JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 12 7 health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 12 8 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 12 9 assessed assess VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 12 10 by by IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 12 11 measuring measure VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 12 12 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 12 13 contribution contribution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 12 14 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 12 15 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 12 16 total total JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 12 17 disease disease NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 12 18 incidence incidence NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 12 19 or or CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 12 20 mortality mortality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 12 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 12 22 1 1 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 12 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 12 24 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 13 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 13 2 attributable attributable JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 13 3 risk risk NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 13 4 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 13 5 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 13 6 attributable attributable JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 13 7 fraction fraction NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 13 8 are be VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 13 9 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 13 10 most most RBS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 13 11 important important JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 13 12 measurements measurement NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 13 13 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 13 14 this this DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 13 15 impact impact NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 13 16 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 14 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 14 2 attributable attributable JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 14 3 risk risk NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 14 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 14 5 AR AR NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 14 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 14 7 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 14 8 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 14 9 rate rate NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 14 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 14 11 proportion proportion NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 14 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 14 13 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 14 14 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 14 15 health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 14 16 outcome outcome NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 14 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 14 18 disease disease NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 14 19 or or CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 14 20 death death NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 14 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 14 22 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 14 23 exposed expose VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 14 24 individuals individual NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 14 25 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 14 26 which which WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 14 27 can can MD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 14 28 be be VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 14 29 attributed attribute VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 14 30 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 14 31 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 14 32 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 14 33 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 14 34 2 2 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 14 35 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 14 36 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 15 1 AR AR NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 15 2 assesses assess VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 15 3 how how WRB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 15 4 much much RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 15 5 greater great JJR cord-348994-ly2fop7d 15 6 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 15 7 absolute absolute JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 15 8 terms term NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 15 9 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 15 10 frequency frequency NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 15 11 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 15 12 an an DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 15 13 outcome outcome NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 15 14 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 15 15 among among IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 15 16 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 15 17 exposed expose VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 15 18 compared compare VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 15 19 with with IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 15 20 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 15 21 non non JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 15 22 - - JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 15 23 exposed exposed JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 15 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 15 25 3 3 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 15 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 15 27 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 16 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 16 2 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 16 3 measured measure VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 16 4 as as IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 16 5 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 16 6 difference difference NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 16 7 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 16 8 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 16 9 rates rate NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 16 10 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 16 11 an an DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 16 12 outcome outcome NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 16 13 among among IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 16 14 unexposed unexposed JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 16 15 individuals individual NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 16 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 16 17 Iu iu NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 16 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 16 19 from from IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 16 20 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 16 21 rates rate NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 16 22 among among IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 16 23 those those DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 16 24 who who WP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 16 25 have have VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 16 26 been be VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 16 27 exposed expose VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 16 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 16 29 Ie Ie NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 16 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 16 31 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 16 32 according accord VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 16 33 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 16 34 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 16 35 formula formula NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 16 36 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 17 1 AR AR NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 17 2 = = NFP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 18 1 Ie Ie NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 18 2 − − NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 18 3 Iu Iu NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 18 4 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 19 1 This this DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 19 2 estimate estimate NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 19 3 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 19 4 based base VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 19 5 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 19 6 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 19 7 assumption assumption NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 19 8 that that IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 19 9 all all DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 19 10 other other JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 19 11 possible possible JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 19 12 causes cause NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 19 13 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 19 14 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 19 15 studied study VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 19 16 outcome outcome NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 19 17 have have VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 19 18 equal equal JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 19 19 effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 19 20 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 19 21 exposed expose VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 19 22 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 19 23 non non JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 19 24 - - JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 19 25 exposed expose VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 19 26 individuals individual NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 19 27 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 20 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 20 2 concept concept NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 20 3 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 20 4 AR AR NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 20 5 was be VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 20 6 first first RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 20 7 proposed propose VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 20 8 by by IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 20 9 Levin Levin NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 20 10 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 20 11 1953 1953 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 20 12 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 20 13 4 4 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 20 14 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 20 15 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 20 16 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 20 17 context context NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 20 18 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 20 19 studies study NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 20 20 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 20 21 cancer cancer NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 20 22 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 20 23 which which WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 20 24 were be VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 20 25 mainly mainly RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 20 26 cohort cohort JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 20 27 studies study NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 20 28 where where WRB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 20 29 people people NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 20 30 were be VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 20 31 assembled assemble VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 20 32 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 20 33 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 20 34 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 20 35 followed follow VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 20 36 over over IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 20 37 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 20 38 defined define VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 20 39 period period NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 20 40 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 20 41 time time NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 20 42 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 1 In in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 2 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 3 light light NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 4 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 5 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 6 discussion discussion NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 7 about about IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 8 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 9 attributable attributable JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 10 measures measure NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 11 by by IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 12 Greenland Greenland NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 13 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 14 Robins Robins NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 15 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 16 1988 1988 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 18 5 5 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 20 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 21 Steenland Steenland NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 22 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 23 Armstrong Armstrong NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 24 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 25 2006 2006 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 27 6 6 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 29 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 30 Rothman Rothman NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 32 1 1 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 34 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 35 Greenland Greenland NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 36 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 37 2015 2015 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 38 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 39 7 7 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 40 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 41 we -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 42 underline underline VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 43 that that IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 44 this this DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 45 AR AR NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 46 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 47 very very RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 48 similar similar JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 49 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 50 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 51 difference difference NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 52 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 53 incidence incidence NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 54 proportions proportion NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 55 or or CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 56 average average JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 57 risks risk NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 58 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 59 since since IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 60 it -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 61 uses use VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 62 as as IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 63 denominators denominator NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 64 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 65 exposed expose VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 66 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 67 not not RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 68 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 69 exposed expose VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 70 individuals individual NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 71 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 72 not not RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 73 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 74 time time NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 75 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 76 persons person NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 21 77 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 22 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 22 2 attributable attributable JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 22 3 fraction fraction NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 22 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 22 5 AF AF NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 22 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 22 7 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 22 8 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 22 9 proportion proportion NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 22 10 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 22 11 all all DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 22 12 cases case NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 22 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 22 14 or or CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 22 15 overall overall JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 22 16 incidence incidence NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 22 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 22 18 that that WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 22 19 can can MD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 22 20 be be VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 22 21 attributed attribute VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 22 22 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 22 23 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 22 24 specific specific JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 22 25 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 22 26 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 22 27 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 22 28 population population NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 22 29 since since IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 22 30 it -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 22 31 combines combine VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 22 32 relative relative JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 22 33 risk risk NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 22 34 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 22 35 prevalence prevalence NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 22 36 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 22 37 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 22 38 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 23 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 23 2 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 23 3 measured measure VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 23 4 as as IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 23 5 AR AR NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 23 6 divided divide VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 23 7 by by IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 23 8 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 23 9 incidence incidence NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 23 10 risk risk NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 23 11 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 23 12 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 23 13 exposed expose VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 23 14 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 23 15 according accord VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 23 16 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 23 17 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 23 18 formula formula NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 23 19 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 23 20 AF af NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 23 21 = = NFP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 23 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 23 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 23 24 Ie Ie NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 23 25 − − NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 23 26 Iu)/Ie iu)/ie NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 23 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 23 28 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 24 1 Thus thus RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 24 2 giving give VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 24 3 an an DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 24 4 estimate estimate NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 24 5 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 24 6 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 24 7 proportion proportion NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 24 8 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 24 9 cases case NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 24 10 that that WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 24 11 would would MD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 24 12 not not RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 24 13 have have VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 24 14 occurred occur VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 24 15 if if IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 24 16 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 24 17 had have VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 24 18 been be VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 24 19 totally totally RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 24 20 absent absent JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 24 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 24 22 1 1 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 24 23 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 24 24 6 6 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 24 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 24 26 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 25 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 25 2 no no DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 25 3 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 25 4 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 25 5 hypothesis hypothesis NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 25 6 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 25 7 usually usually RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 25 8 defined define VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 25 9 as as IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 25 10 counterfactual counterfactual JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 25 11 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 25 12 i.e i.e JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 25 13 . . NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 25 14 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 25 15 far far RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 25 16 from from IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 25 17 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 25 18 experience experience NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 25 19 - - : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 25 20 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 25 21 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 25 22 causal causal JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 25 23 approach approach NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 25 24 framework framework NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 25 25 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 25 26 since since IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 25 27 it -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 25 28 postulates postulate VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 25 29 that that IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 25 30 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 25 31 same same JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 25 32 population population NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 25 33 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 25 34 followed follow VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 25 35 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 25 36 an an DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 25 37 identical identical JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 25 38 situation situation NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 25 39 where where WRB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 25 40 only only RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 25 41 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 25 42 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 25 43 level level NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 25 44 changes change NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 25 45 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 25 46 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 25 47 reference reference NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 25 48 value value NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 25 49 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 25 50 0 0 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 25 51 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 25 52 8 8 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 25 53 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 25 54 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 26 1 This this DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 26 2 estimate estimate NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 26 3 as as RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 26 4 well well RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 26 5 as as IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 26 6 AR AR NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 26 7 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 26 8 based base VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 26 9 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 26 10 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 26 11 assumptions assumption NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 26 12 that that WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 26 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 26 14 1 1 LS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 26 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 26 16 all all DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 26 17 other other JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 26 18 possible possible JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 26 19 causes cause NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 26 20 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 26 21 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 26 22 studied study VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 26 23 outcomes outcome NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 26 24 have have VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 26 25 equal equal JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 26 26 effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 26 27 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 26 28 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 26 29 exposed expose VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 26 30 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 26 31 nonexposed nonexposed JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 26 32 groups group NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 26 33 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 26 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 26 35 2 2 LS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 26 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 26 37 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 26 38 studied study VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 26 39 association association NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 26 40 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 26 41 causal causal JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 26 42 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 27 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 27 2 AF AF NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 27 3 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 27 4 like like IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 27 5 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 27 6 AR AR NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 27 7 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 27 8 uses use VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 27 9 proportions proportion NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 27 10 or or CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 27 11 risk risk NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 27 12 fractions fraction NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 27 13 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 27 14 but but CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 27 15 divides divide VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 27 16 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 27 17 difference difference NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 27 18 estimated estimate VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 27 19 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 27 20 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 27 21 AR AR NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 27 22 by by IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 27 23 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 27 24 proportion proportion NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 27 25 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 27 26 cases case NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 27 27 among among IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 27 28 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 27 29 exposed expose VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 27 30 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 27 31 thus thus RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 27 32 giving give VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 27 33 an an DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 27 34 indication indication NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 27 35 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 27 36 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 27 37 magnitude magnitude NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 27 38 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 27 39 excess excess JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 27 40 risk risk NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 27 41 from from IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 27 42 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 27 43 as as IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 27 44 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 27 45 proportion proportion NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 27 46 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 27 47 total total JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 27 48 incidence incidence NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 27 49 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 27 50 unlike unlike IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 27 51 AR AR NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 27 52 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 28 1 To to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 28 2 extend extend VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 28 3 this this DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 28 4 definition definition NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 28 5 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 28 6 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 28 7 general general JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 28 8 population population NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 28 9 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 28 10 AR AR NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 28 11 should should MD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 28 12 be be VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 28 13 theoretically theoretically RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 28 14 estimated estimate VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 28 15 from from IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 28 16 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 28 17 life life NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 28 18 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 28 19 time time NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 28 20 follow follow NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 28 21 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 28 22 up up NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 28 23 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 28 24 exposed expose VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 28 25 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 28 26 non non JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 28 27 - - JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 28 28 exposed exposed JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 28 29 cohorts cohort NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 28 30 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 28 31 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 28 32 studied study VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 28 33 population population NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 28 34 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 28 35 6 6 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 28 36 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 28 37 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 29 1 In in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 29 2 general general JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 29 3 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 29 4 using use VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 29 5 AR AR NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 29 6 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 29 7 AF AF NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 29 8 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 29 9 EF EF NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 29 10 similarly similarly RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 29 11 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 29 12 those those DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 29 13 exposed expose VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 29 14 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 29 15 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 29 16 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 29 17 population population NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 29 18 as as IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 29 19 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 29 20 whole whole NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 29 21 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 29 22 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 29 23 not not RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 29 24 acceptable acceptable JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 29 25 as as IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 29 26 it -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 29 27 has have VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 29 28 been be VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 29 29 pointed point VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 29 30 out out RP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 29 31 by by IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 29 32 Rothman Rothman NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 29 33 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 29 34 1 1 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 29 35 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 29 36 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 29 37 Greenland Greenland NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 29 38 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 29 39 7 7 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 29 40 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 29 41 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 29 42 essentially essentially RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 29 43 because because IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 29 44 populations population NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 29 45 are be VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 29 46 not not RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 29 47 closed close VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 29 48 cohorts cohort NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 29 49 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 29 50 causality causality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 29 51 requires require VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 29 52 many many JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 29 53 assumptions assumption NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 29 54 relative relative JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 29 55 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 29 56 biological biological JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 29 57 evidence evidence NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 29 58 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 1 Attributable attributable JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 2 fraction fraction NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 3 has have VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 4 been be VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 5 renamed rename VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 6 excess excess JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 7 fraction fraction NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 9 EF EF NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 11 by by IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 12 Greenland Greenland NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 13 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 14 Robins Robins NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 15 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 16 5 5 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 17 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 18 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 19 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 20 resolve resolve VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 21 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 22 ambiguity ambiguity NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 23 introduced introduce VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 24 by by IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 25 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 26 term term NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 27 " " `` cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 28 attributable attributable JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 29 " " '' cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 30 whose whose WP$ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 31 meaning meaning NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 32 might may MD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 33 be be VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 34 either either CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 35 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 36 case case NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 37 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 38 which which WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 39 an an DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 40 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 41 played play VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 42 an an DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 43 etiological etiological JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 44 role role NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 46 etiological etiological JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 47 fraction fraction NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 49 or or CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 50 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 51 case case NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 52 that that WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 53 would would MD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 54 not not RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 55 have have VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 56 occurred occur VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 57 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 58 had have VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 59 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 60 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 61 not not RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 62 occurred occur VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 63 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 64 excess excess JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 65 fraction fraction NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 66 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 30 67 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 31 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 31 2 difference difference NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 31 3 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 31 4 important important JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 31 5 since since IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 31 6 all all DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 31 7 excess excess JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 31 8 cases case NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 31 9 are be VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 31 10 etiological etiological JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 31 11 cases case NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 31 12 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 31 13 but but CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 31 14 not not RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 31 15 all all DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 31 16 etiological etiological JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 31 17 cases case NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 31 18 contribute contribute VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 31 19 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 31 20 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 31 21 fraction fraction NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 31 22 attributable attributable JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 31 23 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 31 24 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 31 25 specific specific JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 31 26 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 31 27 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 32 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 32 2 authors author NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 32 3 then then RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 32 4 proposed propose VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 32 5 three three CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 32 6 different different JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 32 7 meanings meaning NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 32 8 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 32 9 attributable attributable JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 32 10 fraction fraction NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 32 11 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 32 12 excess excess JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 32 13 fraction fraction NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 32 14 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 32 15 etiologic etiologic JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 32 16 fraction fraction NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 32 17 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 32 18 incidence incidence NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 32 19 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 32 20 density density NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 32 21 fraction fraction NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 32 22 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 32 23 that that WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 32 24 uses use VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 32 25 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 32 26 rate rate NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 32 27 per per IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 32 28 person person NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 32 29 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 32 30 years year NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 32 31 per per IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 32 32 year year NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 32 33 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 33 1 These these DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 33 2 definitions definition NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 33 3 should should MD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 33 4 be be VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 33 5 chosen choose VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 33 6 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 33 7 estimated estimate VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 33 8 according accord VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 33 9 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 33 10 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 33 11 questions question NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 33 12 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 33 13 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 33 14 research research NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 33 15 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 33 16 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 33 17 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 33 18 relevance relevance NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 33 19 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 33 20 public public JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 33 21 health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 33 22 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 33 23 as as IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 33 24 discussed discuss VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 33 25 below below RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 33 26 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 34 1 If if IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 34 2 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 34 3 essential essential JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 34 4 question question NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 34 5 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 34 6 " " `` cord-348994-ly2fop7d 34 7 whether whether IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 34 8 " " `` cord-348994-ly2fop7d 34 9 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 34 10 outcome outcome NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 34 11 occurs occur VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 34 12 by by IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 34 13 time time NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 34 14 t t NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 34 15 due due JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 34 16 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 34 17 an an DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 34 18 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 34 19 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 34 20 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 34 21 if if IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 34 22 then then RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 34 23 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 34 24 public public JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 34 25 health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 34 26 objective objective NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 34 27 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 34 28 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 34 29 control control VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 34 30 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 34 31 dangerous dangerous JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 34 32 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 34 33 overall overall RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 34 34 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 34 35 then then RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 34 36 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 34 37 excess excess JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 34 38 fraction fraction NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 34 39 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 34 40 an an DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 34 41 adequate adequate JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 34 42 estimate estimate NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 34 43 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 34 44 an an DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 34 45 attributable attributable JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 34 46 fraction fraction NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 34 47 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 35 1 If if IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 35 2 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 35 3 essential essential JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 35 4 question question NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 35 5 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 35 6 " " `` cord-348994-ly2fop7d 35 7 when when WRB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 35 8 " " `` cord-348994-ly2fop7d 35 9 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 35 10 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 35 11 occurs occur VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 35 12 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 35 13 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 35 14 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 35 15 public public JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 35 16 health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 35 17 objective objective NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 35 18 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 35 19 identifying identify VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 35 20 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 35 21 specific specific JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 35 22 age age NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 35 23 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 35 24 condition condition NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 35 25 when when WRB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 35 26 preventing prevent VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 35 27 or or CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 35 28 reducing reduce VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 35 29 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 35 30 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 35 31 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 35 32 excess excess JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 35 33 fraction fraction NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 35 34 could could MD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 35 35 adequately adequately RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 35 36 represent represent VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 35 37 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 35 38 AF af NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 35 39 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 35 40 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 35 41 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 35 42 condition condition NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 35 43 that that IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 35 44 hypotheses hypothesis NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 35 45 about about IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 35 46 periods period NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 35 47 or or CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 35 48 conditions condition NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 35 49 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 35 50 vulnerability vulnerability NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 35 51 are be VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 35 52 made make VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 35 53 explicit explicit JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 35 54 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 36 1 If if IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 36 2 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 36 3 essential essential JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 36 4 question question NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 36 5 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 36 6 " " `` cord-348994-ly2fop7d 36 7 whether whether IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 36 8 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 36 9 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 36 10 caused cause VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 36 11 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 36 12 outcome outcome NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 36 13 " " '' cord-348994-ly2fop7d 36 14 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 36 15 attributable attributable JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 36 16 fraction fraction NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 36 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 36 18 AF AF NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 36 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 36 20 by by IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 36 21 itself -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 36 22 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 36 23 not not RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 36 24 an an DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 36 25 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 36 26 estimate estimate NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 36 27 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 36 28 because because IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 36 29 according accord VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 36 30 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 36 31 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 36 32 traditional traditional JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 36 33 definition definition NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 36 34 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 36 35 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 36 36 AF AF NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 36 37 measures measure NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 36 38 only only RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 36 39 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 36 40 excess excess JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 36 41 cases case NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 36 42 that that WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 36 43 could could MD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 36 44 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 36 45 total total JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 36 46 be be VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 36 47 much much RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 36 48 fewer few JJR cord-348994-ly2fop7d 36 49 than than IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 36 50 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 36 51 etiological etiological JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 36 52 cases case NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 36 53 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 36 54 because because IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 36 55 they -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 36 56 are be VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 36 57 related relate VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 36 58 only only RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 36 59 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 36 60 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 36 61 studied study VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 36 62 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 36 63 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 2 would would MD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 3 like like VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 4 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 5 point point VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 6 out out RP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 7 here here RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 8 that that IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 9 excess excess JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 10 fraction fraction NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 11 could could MD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 12 be be VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 13 an an DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 14 etiological etiological JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 15 fraction fraction NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 17 EF EF NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 19 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 20 therefore therefore RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 21 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 22 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 23 proportion proportion NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 24 by by IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 25 which which WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 26 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 27 incidence incidence NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 28 rate rate NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 29 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 30 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 31 outcome outcome NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 32 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 33 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 34 population population NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 35 would would MD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 36 be be VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 37 reduced reduce VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 38 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 39 condition condition NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 40 that that IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 41 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 42 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 43 was be VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 44 eliminated eliminate VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 45 ; ; : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 46 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 47 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 48 above above JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 49 first first JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 50 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 51 second second JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 52 cases case NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 53 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 54 it -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 55 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 56 also also RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 57 required require VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 58 that that IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 59 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 60 1 1 LS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 61 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 62 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 63 causal causal JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 64 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 65 etiological etiological JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 66 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 67 relationship relationship NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 68 between between IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 69 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 70 studied study VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 71 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 72 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 73 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 74 effect effect NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 75 was be VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 76 assessed assess VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 77 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 78 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 79 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 80 2 2 LS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 81 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 82 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 83 many many JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 84 biological biological JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 85 assumptions assumption NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 86 about about IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 87 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 88 causal causal JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 89 relationship relationship NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 90 were be VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 91 respected respect VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 37 92 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 38 1 AR AR NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 38 2 has have VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 38 3 been be VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 38 4 used use VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 38 5 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 38 6 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 38 7 literature literature NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 38 8 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 38 9 mean mean VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 38 10 various various JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 38 11 concepts concept NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 38 12 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 38 13 measures measure NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 38 14 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 39 1 These these DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 39 2 other other JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 39 3 measures measure NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 39 4 include include VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 39 5 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 39 6 population population NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 39 7 attributable attributable JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 39 8 risk risk NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 39 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 39 10 PAR PAR NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 39 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 39 12 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 39 13 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 39 14 population population NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 39 15 excess excess JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 39 16 rate rate NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 39 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 39 18 PER per NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 39 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 39 20 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 39 21 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 39 22 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 39 23 rate rate NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 39 24 difference difference NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 39 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 39 26 RD RD NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 39 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 39 28 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 39 29 but but CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 39 30 none none NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 39 31 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 39 32 them -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 39 33 can can MD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 39 34 be be VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 39 35 considered consider VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 39 36 entirely entirely RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 39 37 equivalent equivalent JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 39 38 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 39 39 AF AF NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 39 40 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 40 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 40 2 definitions definition NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 40 3 follow follow VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 40 4 according accord VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 40 5 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 40 6 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 40 7 Last last JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 40 8 dictionary dictionary NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 40 9 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 40 10 2001 2001 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 40 11 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 40 12 2 2 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 40 13 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 40 14 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 40 15 lead lead VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 40 16 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 40 17 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 40 18 better well JJR cord-348994-ly2fop7d 40 19 understanding understanding NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 40 20 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 40 21 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 40 22 literature literature NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 40 23 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 40 24 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 40 25 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 40 26 review review VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 40 27 briefly briefly RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 40 28 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 40 29 possible possible JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 40 30 pitfalls pitfall NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 40 31 connected connect VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 40 32 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 40 33 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 40 34 concept concept NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 40 35 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 40 36 causality causality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 40 37 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 40 38 5 5 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 40 39 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 40 40 7 7 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 40 41 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 40 42 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 41 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 41 2 population population NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 41 3 attributable attributable JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 41 4 risk risk NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 41 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 41 6 PAR par NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 41 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 42 1 helps help VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 42 2 determine determine VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 42 3 which which WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 42 4 exposures exposure NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 42 5 are be VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 42 6 most most RBS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 42 7 important important JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 42 8 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 42 9 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 42 10 specific specific JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 42 11 community community NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 42 12 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 42 13 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 42 14 calculated calculate VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 42 15 as as IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 42 16 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 42 17 incidence incidence NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 42 18 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 42 19 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 42 20 disease disease NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 42 21 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 42 22 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 42 23 total total JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 42 24 population population NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 42 25 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 42 26 minus minus CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 42 27 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 42 28 incidence incidence NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 42 29 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 42 30 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 42 31 group group NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 42 32 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 42 33 those those DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 42 34 unexposed unexposed JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 42 35 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 42 36 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 42 37 specific specific JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 42 38 risk risk NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 42 39 factor factor NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 43 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 43 2 It -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 43 3 − − NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 43 4 Iu Iu NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 43 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 43 6 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 43 7 thus thus RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 43 8 giving give VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 43 9 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 43 10 risk risk NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 43 11 attributable attributable JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 43 12 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 43 13 that that DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 43 14 risk risk NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 43 15 factor factor NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 43 16 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 43 17 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 43 18 population population NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 43 19 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 44 1 PAR PAR NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 44 2 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 44 3 often often RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 44 4 used use VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 44 5 instead instead RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 44 6 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 44 7 AF AF NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 44 8 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 45 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 45 2 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 45 3 measured measure VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 45 4 as as IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 45 5 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 45 6 PAR par NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 45 7 = = NFP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 45 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 45 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 45 10 It -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 45 11 − − CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 46 1 Iu)/(It Iu)/(It NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 46 2 × × NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 46 3 100 100 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 46 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 46 5 , , . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 47 1 where where WRB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 47 2 " " `` cord-348994-ly2fop7d 47 3 It -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 47 4 " " '' cord-348994-ly2fop7d 47 5 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 47 6 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 47 7 incidence incidence NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 47 8 rate rate NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 47 9 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 47 10 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 47 11 total total JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 47 12 population population NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 47 13 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 47 14 Iu Iu NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 47 15 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 47 16 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 47 17 incidence incidence NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 47 18 rate rate NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 47 19 among among IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 47 20 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 47 21 unexposed unexposed JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 47 22 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 47 23 or or CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 47 24 PAR par NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 47 25 = = NFP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 48 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 48 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 48 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 48 4 Pe(Ie Pe(Ie NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 48 5 − − CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 49 1 Iu)/(Pt Iu)/(Pt NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 49 2 × × NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 50 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 50 2 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 50 3 × × NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 50 4 100 100 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 50 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 50 6 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 50 7 where where WRB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 50 8 Pe Pe NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 50 9 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 50 10 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 50 11 number number NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 50 12 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 50 13 people people NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 50 14 exposed expose VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 51 1 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 51 2 Ie Ie NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 51 3 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 51 4 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 51 5 incidence incidence NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 51 6 rate rate NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 51 7 among among IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 51 8 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 51 9 exposed expose VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 51 10 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 51 11 Iu Iu NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 51 12 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 51 13 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 51 14 incidence incidence NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 51 15 rate rate NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 51 16 among among IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 51 17 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 51 18 unesposed unespose VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 51 19 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 51 20 Pt Pt NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 51 21 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 51 22 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 51 23 number number NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 51 24 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 51 25 people people NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 51 26 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 51 27 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 51 28 population population NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 51 29 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 51 30 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 51 31 It -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 51 32 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 51 33 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 51 34 incidence incidence NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 51 35 rate rate NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 51 36 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 51 37 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 51 38 population population NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 51 39 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 52 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 52 2 population population NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 52 3 excess excess JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 52 4 rate rate NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 52 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 52 6 PER per NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 52 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 52 8 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 52 9 very very RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 52 10 similar similar JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 52 11 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 52 12 PAR par NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 52 13 ; ; : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 52 14 it -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 52 15 measures measure VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 52 16 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 52 17 disease disease NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 52 18 associated associate VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 52 19 with with IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 52 20 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 52 21 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 52 22 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 52 23 putative putative JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 52 24 cause cause NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 52 25 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 52 26 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 52 27 population population NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 52 28 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 52 29 but but CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 52 30 it -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 52 31 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 52 32 calculated calculate VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 52 33 merely merely RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 52 34 as as IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 52 35 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 52 36 difference difference NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 52 37 between between IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 52 38 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 52 39 rates rate NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 52 40 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 52 41 disease disease NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 52 42 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 52 43 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 52 44 total total JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 52 45 population population NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 52 46 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 52 47 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 52 48 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 52 49 nonexposed nonexposed JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 52 50 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 53 1 PER per NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 53 2 = = NFP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 54 1 Pt Pt NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 54 2 − − NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 54 3 Pu Pu NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 54 4 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 55 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 55 2 rate rate NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 55 3 difference difference NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 55 4 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 55 5 used use VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 55 6 as as IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 55 7 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 55 8 measurement measurement NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 55 9 that that WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 55 10 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 55 11 equivalent equivalent JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 55 12 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 55 13 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 55 14 population population NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 55 15 excess excess JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 55 16 rate rate NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 55 17 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 55 18 but but CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 55 19 it -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 55 20 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 55 21 once once RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 55 22 again again RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 55 23 calculated calculate VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 55 24 as as IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 55 25 absolute absolute JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 55 26 difference difference NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 55 27 between between IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 55 28 incidence incidence NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 55 29 rate rate NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 55 30 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 55 31 an an DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 55 32 exposed expose VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 55 33 population population NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 55 34 group group NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 55 35 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 55 36 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 55 37 non non JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 55 38 exposed exposed JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 55 39 population population NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 55 40 group group NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 55 41 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 55 42 according accord VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 55 43 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 55 44 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 55 45 formula formula NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 55 46 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 55 47 RD RD NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 55 48 = = NFP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 56 1 Ie Ie NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 56 2 − − NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 56 3 Iu Iu NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 56 4 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 57 1 To to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 57 2 complete complete VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 57 3 this this DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 57 4 brief brief JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 57 5 review review NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 57 6 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 57 7 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 57 8 concepts concept NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 57 9 related relate VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 57 10 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 57 11 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 57 12 definition definition NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 57 13 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 57 14 attributable attributable JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 57 15 risk risk NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 57 16 we -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 57 17 would would MD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 57 18 also also RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 57 19 like like VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 57 20 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 57 21 consider consider VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 57 22 here here RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 57 23 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 57 24 definitions definition NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 57 25 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 57 26 Health Health NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 57 27 Impact Impact NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 57 28 assessment assessment NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 57 29 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 57 30 Accountability accountability NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 57 31 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 58 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 58 2 definition definition NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 58 3 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 58 4 Health Health NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 58 5 Impact Impact NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 58 6 Assessment Assessment NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 58 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 58 8 HIA HIA NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 58 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 58 10 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 58 11 as as IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 58 12 published publish VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 58 13 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 58 14 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 58 15 Gothenburg Gothenburg NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 58 16 Consensus Consensus NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 58 17 Paper Paper NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 58 18 by by IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 58 19 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 58 20 WHO WHO NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 58 21 Regional Regional NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 58 22 Office Office NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 58 23 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 58 24 Europe Europe NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 58 25 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 58 26 1999 1999 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 58 27 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 58 28 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 58 29 " " `` cord-348994-ly2fop7d 58 30 A a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 58 31 combination combination NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 58 32 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 58 33 procedures procedure NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 58 34 or or CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 58 35 methods method NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 58 36 by by IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 58 37 which which WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 58 38 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 58 39 policy policy NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 58 40 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 58 41 program program NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 58 42 or or CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 58 43 project project NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 58 44 may may MD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 58 45 be be VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 58 46 judged judge VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 58 47 as as IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 58 48 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 58 49 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 58 50 effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 58 51 it -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 58 52 may may MD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 58 53 have have VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 58 54 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 58 55 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 58 56 health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 58 57 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 58 58 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 58 59 population population NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 58 60 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 58 61 9 9 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 58 62 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 58 63 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 59 1 " " `` cord-348994-ly2fop7d 59 2 Impact impact NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 59 3 assessment assessment NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 59 4 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 59 5 an an DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 59 6 important important JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 59 7 step step NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 59 8 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 59 9 public public JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 59 10 health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 59 11 epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 59 12 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 59 13 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 59 14 can can MD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 59 15 be be VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 59 16 seen see VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 59 17 as as IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 59 18 related relate VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 59 19 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 59 20 Risk Risk NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 59 21 Characterization Characterization NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 59 22 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 59 23 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 59 24 last last JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 59 25 step step NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 59 26 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 59 27 Risk Risk NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 59 28 Assessment Assessment NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 59 29 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 59 30 as as IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 59 31 defined define VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 59 32 by by IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 59 33 EPA EPA NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 59 34 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 59 35 10 10 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 59 36 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 59 37 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 59 38 together together RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 59 39 with with IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 59 40 Hazard Hazard NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 59 41 Assessment Assessment NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 59 42 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 59 43 Dose Dose NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 59 44 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 59 45 Response Response NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 59 46 Assessment Assessment NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 59 47 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 59 48 Exposure Exposure NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 59 49 Assessment Assessment NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 59 50 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 60 1 Risk risk NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 60 2 Characterization characterization NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 60 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 60 4 1 1 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 60 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 60 6 reports report VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 60 7 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 60 8 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 60 9 results result NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 60 10 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 60 11 including include VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 60 12 estimates estimate NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 60 13 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 60 14 population population NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 60 15 exposed expose VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 60 16 with with IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 60 17 harmful harmful JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 60 18 effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 60 19 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 60 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 60 21 2 2 LS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 60 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 60 23 makes make VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 60 24 explicit explicit JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 60 25 assumptions assumption NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 60 26 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 60 27 uncertainties uncertainty NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 60 28 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 60 29 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 60 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 60 31 3 3 LS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 60 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 60 33 provides provide VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 60 34 indications indication NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 60 35 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 60 36 public public JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 60 37 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 60 38 health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 60 39 interventions intervention NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 60 40 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 60 41 reduce reduce VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 60 42 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 60 43 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 2 fields field NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 3 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 4 which which WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 5 impact impact NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 6 assessment assessment NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 7 has have VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 8 been be VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 9 applied apply VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 10 include include VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 11 studies study NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 12 about about IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 13 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 14 environment environment NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 15 where where WRB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 16 people people NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 17 live live VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 18 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 19 either either CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 20 natural natural JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 22 11 11 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 24 or or CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 25 man man NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 26 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 27 made make VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 29 through through IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 30 urban urban JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 31 planning planning NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 32 or or CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 33 house house NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 34 building building NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 35 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 36 12 12 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 39 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 40 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 41 health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 42 care care NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 43 systems system NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 44 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 45 13 13 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 46 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 47 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 48 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 49 medical medical JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 50 treatments treatment NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 51 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 52 14 14 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 53 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 54 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 55 but but CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 56 also also RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 57 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 58 clinical clinical JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 59 prediction prediction NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 60 models model NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 61 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 62 15 15 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 63 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 64 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 65 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 66 impact impact NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 67 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 68 reducing reduce VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 69 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 70 through through IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 71 controlling control VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 72 sources source NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 73 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 74 passing pass VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 75 legislation legislation NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 76 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 77 reduce reduce VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 78 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 79 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 80 16 16 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 81 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 61 82 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 62 1 On on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 62 2 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 62 3 other other JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 62 4 hand hand NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 62 5 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 62 6 it -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 62 7 has have VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 62 8 long long RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 62 9 been be VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 62 10 recognized recognize VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 62 11 that that IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 62 12 health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 62 13 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 62 14 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 62 15 determinants determinant NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 62 16 are be VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 62 17 strongly strongly RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 62 18 influenced influence VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 62 19 by by IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 62 20 policies policy NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 62 21 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 62 22 programs program NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 62 23 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 62 24 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 62 25 projects project NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 62 26 outside outside RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 62 27 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 62 28 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 62 29 health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 62 30 care care NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 62 31 sector sector NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 62 32 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 63 1 Thus thus RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 63 2 we -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 63 3 have have VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 63 4 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 63 5 obvious obvious JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 63 6 interface interface NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 63 7 between between IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 63 8 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 63 9 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 63 10 results result NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 63 11 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 63 12 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 63 13 HIA HIA NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 63 14 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 63 15 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 63 16 more more RBR cord-348994-ly2fop7d 63 17 complex complex JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 63 18 Policy policy NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 63 19 Impact impact NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 63 20 Assessments assessment NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 63 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 63 22 PIAs PIAs NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 63 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 63 24 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 63 25 which which WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 63 26 define define VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 63 27 formally formally RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 63 28 evidence evidence NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 63 29 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 63 30 based base VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 63 31 procedures procedure NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 63 32 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 63 33 assess assess VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 63 34 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 63 35 economic economic JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 63 36 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 63 37 social social JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 63 38 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 63 39 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 63 40 environmental environmental JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 63 41 effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 63 42 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 63 43 public public JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 63 44 policy policy NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 63 45 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 63 46 17 17 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 63 47 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 63 48 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 64 1 These these DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 64 2 procedures procedure NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 64 3 are be VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 64 4 not not RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 64 5 analyzed analyze VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 64 6 here here RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 64 7 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 64 8 nor nor CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 64 9 are be VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 64 10 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 64 11 possible possible JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 64 12 interactions interaction NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 64 13 with with IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 64 14 various various JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 64 15 levels level NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 64 16 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 64 17 PIAs pias NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 64 18 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 65 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 65 2 would would MD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 65 3 like like VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 65 4 just just RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 65 5 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 65 6 touch touch VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 65 7 upon upon IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 65 8 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 65 9 complexity complexity NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 65 10 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 65 11 PIAs pias NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 65 12 which which WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 65 13 require require VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 65 14 many many JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 65 15 different different JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 65 16 kinds kind NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 65 17 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 65 18 expertise expertise NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 65 19 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 66 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 66 2 PIA PIA NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 66 3 procedures procedure NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 66 4 have have VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 66 5 been be VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 66 6 incorporated incorporate VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 66 7 into into IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 66 8 policy policy NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 66 9 making making NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 66 10 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 66 11 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 66 12 OECD OECD NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 66 13 countries country NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 66 14 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 66 15 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 66 16 European European NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 66 17 Commission Commission NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 66 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 66 19 18 18 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 66 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 66 21 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 67 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 67 2 would would MD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 67 3 instead instead RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 67 4 like like VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 67 5 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 67 6 verify verify VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 67 7 here here RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 67 8 how how WRB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 67 9 much much JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 67 10 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 67 11 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 67 12 prediction prediction NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 67 13 made make VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 67 14 many many JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 67 15 years year NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 67 16 ago ago RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 67 17 by by IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 67 18 IrvaPicciottohas IrvaPicciottohas NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 67 19 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 67 20 fact fact NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 67 21 come come VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 67 22 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 67 23 pass pass VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 67 24 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 68 1 She -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 68 2 wrote write VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 68 3 at at IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 68 4 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 68 5 time time NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 68 6 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 68 7 " " `` cord-348994-ly2fop7d 68 8 A a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 68 9 serious serious JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 68 10 appraisal appraisal NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 68 11 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 68 12 current current JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 68 13 methods method NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 68 14 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 68 15 practice practice NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 68 16 suggests suggest VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 68 17 that that IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 68 18 much much JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 68 19 can can MD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 68 20 be be VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 68 21 done do VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 68 22 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 68 23 improve improve VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 68 24 scientific scientific JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 68 25 rigor rigor NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 68 26 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 68 27 risk risk NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 68 28 assessment assessment NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 68 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 68 30 19 19 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 68 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 68 32 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 69 1 Accountability accountability NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 69 2 which which WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 69 3 has have VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 69 4 been be VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 69 5 termed term VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 69 6 " " `` cord-348994-ly2fop7d 69 7 evaluating evaluate VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 69 8 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 69 9 extent extent NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 69 10 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 69 11 which which WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 69 12 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 69 13 quality quality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 69 14 regulations regulation NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 69 15 improve improve VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 69 16 public public JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 69 17 health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 69 18 " " '' cord-348994-ly2fop7d 69 19 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 69 20 part part NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 69 21 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 69 22 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 69 23 broad broad JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 69 24 effort effort NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 69 25 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 69 26 assess assess VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 69 27 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 69 28 performance performance NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 69 29 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 69 30 environmental environmental JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 69 31 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 69 32 policies policy NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 69 33 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 70 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 70 2 Methods Methods NNPS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 70 3 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 70 4 Accountability Accountability NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 70 5 Research Research NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 70 6 have have VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 70 7 been be VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 70 8 promoted promote VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 70 9 by by IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 70 10 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 70 11 Health Health NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 70 12 Effect Effect NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 70 13 Institute Institute NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 70 14 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 70 15 20 20 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 70 16 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 70 17 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 71 1 One one CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 71 2 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 71 3 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 71 4 strengths strength NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 71 5 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 71 6 this this DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 71 7 approach approach NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 71 8 consists consist VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 71 9 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 71 10 analyzing analyze VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 71 11 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 71 12 compliance compliance NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 71 13 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 71 14 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 71 15 most most RBS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 71 16 important important JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 71 17 steps step NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 71 18 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 71 19 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 71 20 chain chain NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 71 21 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 71 22 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 71 23 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 71 24 add add VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 71 25 or or CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 71 26 change change VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 71 27 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 71 28 actions action NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 71 29 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 72 1 In in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 72 2 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 72 3 case case NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 72 4 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 72 5 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 72 6 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 72 7 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 72 8 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 72 9 crucial crucial JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 72 10 steps step NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 72 11 involve involve VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 72 12 emissions emission NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 72 13 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 72 14 ambient ambient JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 72 15 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 72 16 quality quality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 72 17 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 72 18 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 72 19 / / SYM cord-348994-ly2fop7d 72 20 dose dose NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 72 21 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 72 22 human human JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 72 23 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 72 24 health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 72 25 response response NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 72 26 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 2 health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 3 effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 4 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 5 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 6 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 7 have have VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 8 been be VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 9 well well RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 10 known know VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 11 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 12 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 13 scientific scientific JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 14 community community NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 15 since since IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 16 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 17 early early JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 18 20th 20th JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 19 century century NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 20 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 21 when when WRB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 22 serious serious JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 23 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 24 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 25 mortality mortality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 26 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 27 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 28 diseases disease NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 29 were be VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 30 linked link VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 31 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 32 concurrent concurrent JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 33 extraordinary extraordinary JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 34 peaks peak NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 35 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 36 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 37 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 38 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 39 natural natural JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 40 experimental experimental JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 41 or or CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 42 extraordinary extraordinary JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 43 scenarios scenario NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 44 such such JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 45 as as IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 46 London London NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 47 fog fog NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 48 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 49 21 21 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 50 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 51 ; ; : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 52 fog fog VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 53 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 54 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 55 Meuse Meuse NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 56 valley valley NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 57 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 58 22 22 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 59 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 60 ; ; : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 61 Still still RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 62 Mill Mill NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 63 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 64 Utah Utah NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 65 Valley Valley NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 66 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 67 23 23 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 68 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 73 69 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 74 1 Toward toward IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 74 2 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 74 3 end end NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 74 4 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 74 5 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 74 6 20th 20th JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 74 7 century century NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 74 8 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 74 9 researchers researcher NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 74 10 started start VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 74 11 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 74 12 focus focus VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 74 13 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 74 14 attention attention NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 74 15 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 74 16 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 74 17 possible possible JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 74 18 adverse adverse JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 74 19 health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 74 20 effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 74 21 induced induce VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 74 22 by by IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 74 23 " " `` cord-348994-ly2fop7d 74 24 common common JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 74 25 " " '' cord-348994-ly2fop7d 74 26 levels level NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 74 27 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 74 28 outdoor outdoor JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 74 29 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 74 30 pollutants pollutant NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 74 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 74 32 24 24 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 74 33 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 74 34 25 25 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 74 35 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 74 36 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 75 1 Clinicians clinician NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 75 2 have have VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 75 3 also also RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 75 4 acknowledged acknowledge VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 75 5 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 75 6 causal causal JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 75 7 role role NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 75 8 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 75 9 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 75 10 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 75 11 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 75 12 human human JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 75 13 health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 75 14 since since IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 75 15 2000 2000 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 75 16 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 75 17 when when WRB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 75 18 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 75 19 American American NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 75 20 Thoracic Thoracic NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 75 21 Society Society NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 75 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 75 23 ATS ATS NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 75 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 75 25 first first RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 75 26 defined define VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 75 27 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 75 28 concept concept NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 75 29 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 75 30 an an DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 75 31 " " `` cord-348994-ly2fop7d 75 32 adverse adverse JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 75 33 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 75 34 effect effect NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 75 35 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 75 36 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 75 37 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 75 38 " " '' cord-348994-ly2fop7d 75 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 75 40 ATS ATS NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 75 41 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 75 42 2000 2000 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 75 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 75 44 as as IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 75 45 " " `` cord-348994-ly2fop7d 75 46 medically medically RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 75 47 significant significant JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 75 48 physiologic physiologic JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 75 49 or or CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 75 50 pathologic pathologic JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 75 51 changes change NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 75 52 " " '' cord-348994-ly2fop7d 75 53 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 75 54 26 26 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 75 55 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 75 56 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 76 1 All all PDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 76 2 these these DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 76 3 scientific scientific JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 76 4 contributions contribution NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 76 5 provided provide VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 76 6 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 76 7 fundamental fundamental JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 76 8 support support NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 76 9 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 76 10 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 76 11 definition definition NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 76 12 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 76 13 standardized standardized JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 76 14 legislation legislation NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 76 15 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 76 16 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 76 17 quality quality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 76 18 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 76 19 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 76 20 United United NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 76 21 States States NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 76 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 76 23 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 76 24 EPA EPA NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 76 25 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 76 26 1996 1996 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 76 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 76 28 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 76 29 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 76 30 Europe Europe NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 76 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 76 32 European European NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 76 33 Council Council NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 76 34 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 76 35 1999 1999 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 76 36 ; ; : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 76 37 European European NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 76 38 Parliament Parliament NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 76 39 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 76 40 Council Council NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 76 41 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 76 42 2008 2008 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 76 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 76 44 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 1 Today today NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 2 's 's POS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 3 research research NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 4 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 5 exploring explore VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 6 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 7 possible possible JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 8 effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 9 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 10 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 11 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 12 below below IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 13 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 14 current current JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 15 limits limit NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 16 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 17 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 18 both both DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 19 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 20 short short JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 21 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 22 term term NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 23 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 24 - - : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 25 going go VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 26 from from IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 27 APHENA APHENA NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 28 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 29 Europe Europe NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 30 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 31 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 32 USA USA NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 33 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 34 27 27 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 35 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 36 up up IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 37 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 38 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 39 recent recent JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 40 almost almost RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 41 worldwide worldwide JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 42 studies study NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 43 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 44 28 28 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 45 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 46 29 29 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 47 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 48 -and -and : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 49 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 50 long long JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 51 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 52 term term NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 53 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 54 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 55 e.g. e.g. RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 56 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 57 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 58 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 59 Netherlands Netherlands NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 60 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 61 30 30 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 62 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 63 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 64 Europe Europe NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 65 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 66 31 31 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 67 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 68 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 69 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 70 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 71 USA USA NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 72 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 73 32 32 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 74 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 75 33 33 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 76 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 77 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 78 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 79 China China NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 80 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 81 34 34 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 82 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 83 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 77 84 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 1 In in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 2 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 3 late late JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 4 1990s 1990 NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 5 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 6 two two CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 7 important important JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 8 multicity multicity NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 9 studies study NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 10 - - : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 11 one one CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 12 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 13 Europe Europe NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 15 APHEA APHEA NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 16 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 17 1996 1996 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 19 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 20 another another DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 21 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 22 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 23 USA USA NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 25 NMMAPS NMMAPS NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 26 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 27 2000)-were 2000)-were CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 28 started start VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 29 with with IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 30 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 31 aim aim NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 32 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 33 providing provide VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 34 answers answer NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 35 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 36 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 37 unresolved unresolved JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 38 uncertainties uncertainty NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 39 which which WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 40 had have VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 41 emerged emerge VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 42 from from IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 43 previous previous JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 44 studies study NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 45 about about IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 46 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 47 short short JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 48 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 49 term term NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 50 effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 51 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 52 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 53 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 54 which which WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 55 had have VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 56 been be VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 57 carried carry VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 58 out out RP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 59 mainly mainly RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 60 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 61 single single JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 62 cities city NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 63 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 64 apart apart RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 65 from from IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 66 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 67 milestone milestone NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 68 Air Air NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 69 Pollution Pollution NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 70 andMortality andmortality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 71 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 72 Six six CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 73 US US NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 74 Cities city NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 75 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 76 24 24 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 77 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 78 78 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 79 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 79 2 summarize summarize VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 79 3 below below IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 79 4 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 79 5 essential essential JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 79 6 points point NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 79 7 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 79 8 these these DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 79 9 studies study NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 79 10 since since IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 79 11 they -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 79 12 are be VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 79 13 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 79 14 basis basis NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 79 15 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 79 16 many many JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 79 17 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 79 18 methodological methodological JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 79 19 developments development NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 79 20 right right RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 79 21 up up IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 79 22 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 79 23 today today NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 79 24 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 80 1 Both both DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 80 2 APHEA APHEA NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 80 3 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 80 4 NMMAPS NMMAPS NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 80 5 were be VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 80 6 multicity multicity NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 80 7 studies study NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 80 8 which which WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 80 9 benefited benefit VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 80 10 from from IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 80 11 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 80 12 following follow VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 80 13 advantages advantage NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 80 14 over over IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 80 15 single single JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 80 16 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 80 17 city city NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 80 18 studies study NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 80 19 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 80 20 They -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 80 21 involve involve VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 80 22 larger large JJR cord-348994-ly2fop7d 80 23 populations population NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 80 24 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 80 25 can can MD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 80 26 recruit recruit VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 80 27 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 80 28 larger large JJR cord-348994-ly2fop7d 80 29 number number NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 80 30 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 80 31 cases case NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 80 32 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 80 33 thus thus RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 80 34 increasing increase VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 80 35 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 80 36 power power NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 80 37 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 80 38 association association NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 80 39 ; ; : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 80 40 2 2 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 80 41 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 81 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 81 2 can can MD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 81 3 observe observe VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 81 4 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 81 5 same same JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 81 6 relationship relationship NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 81 7 under under IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 81 8 different different JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 81 9 circumstances circumstance NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 81 10 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 81 11 such such JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 81 12 as as IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 81 13 seasons season NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 81 14 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 81 15 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 81 16 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 81 17 different different JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 81 18 populations population NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 81 19 thus thus RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 81 20 making make VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 81 21 causality causality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 81 22 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 81 23 more more RBR cord-348994-ly2fop7d 81 24 plausible plausible JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 81 25 interpretation interpretation NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 81 26 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 81 27 any any DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 81 28 possible possible JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 81 29 association association NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 81 30 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 81 31 providing provide VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 81 32 that that IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 81 33 heterogeneity heterogeneity NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 81 34 has have VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 81 35 been be VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 81 36 controlled control VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 81 37 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 81 38 or or CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 81 39 assessed assess VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 81 40 ; ; : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 81 41 3 3 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 81 42 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 82 1 Even even RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 82 2 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 82 3 " " `` cord-348994-ly2fop7d 82 4 weak weak JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 82 5 " " '' cord-348994-ly2fop7d 82 6 effect effect NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 82 7 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 82 8 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 82 9 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 82 10 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 82 11 health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 82 12 will will MD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 82 13 constitute constitute VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 82 14 an an DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 82 15 important important JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 82 16 public public JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 82 17 health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 82 18 problem problem NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 82 19 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 82 20 since since IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 82 21 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 82 22 unique unique JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 82 23 characteristic characteristic NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 82 24 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 82 25 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 82 26 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 82 27 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 82 28 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 82 29 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 82 30 ubiquity ubiquity NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 82 31 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 82 32 large large JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 82 33 populations population NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 82 34 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 2 most most RBS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 3 important important JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 4 problems problem NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 5 with with IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 6 these these DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 7 studies study NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 8 were be VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 9 recognized recognize VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 10 by by IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 11 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 12 researchers researcher NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 13 themselves -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 14 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 15 i.e. i.e. FW cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 16 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 18 1 1 LS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 20 not not RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 21 having have VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 22 studied study VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 23 other other JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 24 factors factor NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 25 potentially potentially RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 26 responsible responsible JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 27 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 28 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 29 effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 30 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 31 including include VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 32 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 33 pollutants pollutant NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 34 other other JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 35 than than IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 36 particulate particulate NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 37 matter matter NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 39 PM PM NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 41 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 42 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 43 2 2 LS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 45 not not RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 46 having have VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 47 individual individual JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 48 measurements measurement NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 49 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 50 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 51 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 52 which which WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 53 could could MD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 54 prefigure prefigure VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 55 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 56 measurement measurement NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 57 errors error NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 58 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 59 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 60 3 3 LS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 61 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 62 having have VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 63 measured measure VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 64 mortality mortality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 65 that that WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 66 was be VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 67 premature premature JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 68 only only RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 69 by by IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 70 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 71 few few JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 72 days day NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 73 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 74 which which WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 75 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 76 an an DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 77 effect effect NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 78 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 79 limited limited JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 80 public public JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 81 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 82 health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 83 impact impact NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 84 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 85 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 86 4 4 LS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 87 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 88 having have VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 89 used use VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 90 different different JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 91 methods method NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 92 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 93 study study VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 94 this this DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 95 association association NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 96 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 97 different different JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 98 cities city NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 83 99 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 84 1 To to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 84 2 respond respond VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 84 3 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 84 4 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 84 5 above above JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 84 6 problems problem NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 84 7 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 85 1 1 1 LS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 85 2 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 86 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 86 2 researchers researcher NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 86 3 thereafter thereafter RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 86 4 proposed propose VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 86 5 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 86 6 " " `` cord-348994-ly2fop7d 86 7 Measurement Measurement NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 86 8 error error NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 86 9 model model NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 86 10 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 86 11 time time NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 86 12 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 86 13 series series NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 86 14 studies study NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 86 15 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 86 16 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 86 17 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 86 18 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 86 19 mortality mortality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 86 20 " " '' cord-348994-ly2fop7d 86 21 which which WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 86 22 was be VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 86 23 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 86 24 combination combination NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 86 25 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 86 26 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 86 27 Berkson Berkson NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 86 28 model model NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 86 29 ; ; : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 86 30 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 86 31 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 86 32 Bayesian bayesian JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 86 33 hierarchical hierarchical JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 86 34 generalized generalized JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 86 35 additive additive NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 86 36 model model NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 86 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 86 38 GAM GAM NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 86 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 86 40 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 87 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 87 2 Berkson Berkson NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 87 3 model model NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 87 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 87 5 35 35 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 87 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 87 7 deals deal NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 87 8 with with IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 87 9 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 87 10 relationship relationship NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 87 11 between between IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 87 12 ambient ambient JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 87 13 concentration concentration NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 87 14 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 87 15 personal personal JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 87 16 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 87 17 by by IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 87 18 comparing compare VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 87 19 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 87 20 two two CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 87 21 measurements measurement NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 87 22 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 87 23 estimate estimate VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 87 24 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 87 25 error error NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 87 26 between between IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 87 27 them -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 87 28 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 88 1 Although although IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 88 2 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 88 3 Berkson Berkson NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 88 4 error error NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 88 5 - - : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 88 6 unlike unlike IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 88 7 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 88 8 misclassification misclassification NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 88 9 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 88 10 causes cause NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 88 11 little little JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 88 12 or or CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 88 13 no no DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 88 14 bias bias NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 88 15 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 88 16 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 88 17 association association NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 88 18 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 88 19 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 88 20 difference difference NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 88 21 between between IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 88 22 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 88 23 average average JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 88 24 personal personal JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 88 25 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 88 26 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 88 27 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 88 28 true true JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 88 29 ambient ambient JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 88 30 level level NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 88 31 has have VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 88 32 been be VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 88 33 identified identify VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 88 34 as as IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 88 35 an an DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 88 36 important important JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 88 37 source source NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 88 38 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 88 39 bias bias NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 88 40 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 88 41 log log NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 88 42 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 88 43 linear linear JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 88 44 models model NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 88 45 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 88 46 36 36 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 88 47 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 88 48 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 89 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 89 2 Bayesian bayesian JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 89 3 hierarchical hierarchical JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 89 4 generalized generalized JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 89 5 additive additive NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 89 6 model model NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 89 7 was be VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 89 8 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 89 9 tool tool NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 89 10 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 89 11 modeling model VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 89 12 variability variability NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 89 13 across across IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 89 14 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 89 15 studies study NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 89 16 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 89 17 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 89 18 relationship relationship NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 89 19 between between IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 89 20 personal personal JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 89 21 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 89 22 ambient ambient JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 89 23 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 89 24 concentrations concentration NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 89 25 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 90 1 Two two CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 90 2 different different JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 90 3 approaches approach NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 90 4 were be VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 90 5 available available JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 90 6 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 90 7 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 90 8 hierarchical hierarchical JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 90 9 multivariate multivariate JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 90 10 regression regression NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 90 11 with with IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 90 12 missing miss VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 90 13 predictors predictor NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 90 14 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 90 15 either either CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 90 16 continuous continuous JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 90 17 or or CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 90 18 categorical categorical JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 90 19 data datum NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 90 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 90 21 37 37 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 90 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 90 23 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 91 1 2 2 LS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 91 2 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 92 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 92 2 included include VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 92 3 gaseous gaseous JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 92 4 pollutants pollutant NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 92 5 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 92 6 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 92 7 studies study NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 92 8 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 92 9 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 92 10 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 92 11 effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 92 12 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 93 1 This this DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 93 2 innovation innovation NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 93 3 was be VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 93 4 supported support VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 93 5 by by IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 93 6 using use VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 93 7 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 93 8 hierarchical hierarchical JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 93 9 model model NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 93 10 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 93 11 assess assess VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 93 12 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 93 13 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 93 14 health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 93 15 outcome outcome NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 93 16 association association NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 93 17 which which WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 93 18 made make VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 93 19 it -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 93 20 possible possible JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 93 21 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 93 22 estimate estimate VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 93 23 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 93 24 independent independent JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 93 25 effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 93 26 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 93 27 multiple multiple JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 93 28 pollutants pollutant NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 93 29 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 93 30 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 93 31 presence presence NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 93 32 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 93 33 measurement measurement NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 93 34 error error NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 93 35 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 93 36 38 38 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 93 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 93 38 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 94 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 94 2 adopted adopt VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 94 3 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 94 4 longer long JJR cord-348994-ly2fop7d 94 5 scale scale NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 94 6 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 94 7 mortality mortality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 94 8 linked link VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 94 9 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 94 10 short short JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 94 11 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 94 12 term term NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 94 13 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 94 14 which which WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 94 15 overcame overcome VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 94 16 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 94 17 mortality mortality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 94 18 displacement displacement NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 94 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 94 20 39 39 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 94 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 94 22 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 94 23 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 94 24 helped help VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 94 25 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 94 26 introduce introduce VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 94 27 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 94 28 long long JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 94 29 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 94 30 term term NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 94 31 studies study NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 94 32 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 95 1 4 4 LS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 95 2 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 96 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 96 2 took take VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 96 3 into into IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 96 4 account account NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 96 5 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 96 6 temporal temporal JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 96 7 structure structure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 96 8 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 96 9 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 96 10 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 96 11 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 96 12 response response NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 96 13 relationship relationship NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 96 14 which which WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 96 15 led lead VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 96 16 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 96 17 including include VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 96 18 effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 96 19 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 96 20 up up IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 96 21 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 96 22 5 5 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 96 23 days day NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 96 24 after after IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 96 25 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 96 26 peak peak NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 96 27 or or CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 96 28 harvesting harvesting NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 96 29 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 97 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 97 2 distributed distribute VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 97 3 lag lag NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 97 4 models model NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 97 5 played play VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 97 6 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 97 7 major major JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 97 8 role role NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 97 9 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 97 10 assessing assess VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 97 11 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 97 12 new new JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 97 13 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 97 14 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 97 15 response response NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 97 16 relationship relationship NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 97 17 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 97 18 short short JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 97 19 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 97 20 term term NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 97 21 effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 97 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 97 23 40 40 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 97 24 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 97 25 41 41 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 97 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 97 27 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 98 1 Later later RBR cord-348994-ly2fop7d 98 2 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 98 3 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 98 4 study study NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 98 5 by by IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 98 6 Gasparrini Gasparrini NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 98 7 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 98 8 Leone Leone NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 98 9 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 98 10 42 42 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 98 11 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 98 12 extended extend VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 98 13 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 98 14 definition definition NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 98 15 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 98 16 attributable attributable JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 98 17 risk risk NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 98 18 within within IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 98 19 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 98 20 framework framework NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 98 21 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 98 22 distributed distribute VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 98 23 lag lag NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 98 24 models model NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 98 25 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 99 1 5 5 LS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 99 2 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 100 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 100 2 revised revise VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 100 3 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 100 4 frailty frailty NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 100 5 hypothesis hypothesis NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 100 6 - - , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 100 7 which which WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 100 8 restricted restrict VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 100 9 mortality mortality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 100 10 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 100 11 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 100 12 frail frail JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 100 13 people people NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 100 14 - - , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 100 15 by by IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 100 16 showing show VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 100 17 that that IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 100 18 larger large JJR cord-348994-ly2fop7d 100 19 effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 100 20 occurred occur VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 100 21 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 100 22 frail frail JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 100 23 people people NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 100 24 only only RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 100 25 at at IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 100 26 shorter short JJR cord-348994-ly2fop7d 100 27 time time NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 100 28 scales scale NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 100 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 100 30 43 43 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 100 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 100 32 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 101 1 In in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 101 2 parallel parallel NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 101 3 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 101 4 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 101 5 rich rich JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 101 6 discussion discussion NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 101 7 developed develop VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 101 8 about about IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 101 9 which which WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 101 10 was be VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 101 11 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 101 12 better well JJR cord-348994-ly2fop7d 101 13 design design NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 101 14 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 101 15 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 101 16 assess assess VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 101 17 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 101 18 effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 101 19 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 101 20 long long JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 101 21 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 101 22 term term NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 101 23 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 101 24 between between IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 101 25 time time NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 101 26 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 101 27 series series NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 101 28 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 101 29 cohort cohort NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 101 30 study study NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 101 31 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 102 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 102 2 idea idea NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 102 3 that that IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 102 4 cohort cohort NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 102 5 design design NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 102 6 might may MD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 102 7 have have VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 102 8 been be VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 102 9 more more RBR cord-348994-ly2fop7d 102 10 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 102 11 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 102 12 assessing assess VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 102 13 effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 102 14 related relate VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 102 15 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 102 16 long long JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 102 17 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 102 18 term term NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 102 19 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 102 20 was be VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 102 21 introduced introduce VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 102 22 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 102 23 NMMAPS NMMAPS NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 102 24 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 102 25 2000 2000 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 102 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 102 27 44 44 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 102 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 102 29 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 2 discussion discussion NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 3 began begin VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 4 with with IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 5 Kunzli Kunzli NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 6 's 's POS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 7 observations observation NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 8 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 9 45 45 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 10 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 11 about about IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 12 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 13 double double JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 14 action action NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 15 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 16 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 17 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 18 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 19 both both CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 20 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 21 long long JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 22 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 23 term term NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 24 underlying underlie VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 25 diseases disease NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 26 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 27 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 28 short short JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 29 term term NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 30 risk risk NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 31 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 32 death death NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 33 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 34 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 35 author author NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 36 identified identify VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 37 four four CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 38 different different JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 39 combinations combination NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 40 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 42 a a LS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 44 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 45 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 46 increases increase VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 47 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 48 risks risk NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 49 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 50 both both DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 51 underlying underlying JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 52 diseases disease NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 53 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 54 leading lead VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 55 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 56 frailty frailty NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 57 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 58 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 59 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 60 short short JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 61 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 62 term term NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 63 mortality mortality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 64 among among IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 65 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 66 frail frail JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 67 ; ; : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 68 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 69 b b NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 70 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 71 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 72 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 73 increases increase VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 74 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 75 risk risk NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 76 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 77 chronic chronic JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 78 diseases disease NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 79 but but CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 80 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 81 unrelated unrelated JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 82 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 83 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 84 timing timing NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 85 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 86 death death NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 87 ; ; , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 88 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 89 c c NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 90 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 91 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 92 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 93 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 94 unrelated unrelated JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 95 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 96 chronic chronic JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 97 diseases disease NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 103 98 but but CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 104 1 short short JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 104 2 term term NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 104 3 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 104 4 increases increase VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 104 5 mortality mortality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 104 6 among among IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 104 7 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 104 8 frail frail JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 104 9 ; ; : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 104 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 104 11 d d NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 104 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 104 13 neither neither CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 104 14 underlying underlie VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 104 15 chronic chronic JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 104 16 disease disease NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 104 17 nor nor CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 104 18 death death NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 104 19 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 104 20 related relate VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 104 21 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 104 22 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 104 23 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 104 24 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 104 25 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 105 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 105 2 author author NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 105 3 concluded conclude VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 105 4 that that IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 105 5 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 105 6 cohort cohort NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 105 7 design design NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 105 8 was be VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 105 9 more more RBR cord-348994-ly2fop7d 105 10 powerful powerful JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 105 11 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 105 12 studying study VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 105 13 long long JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 105 14 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 105 15 term term NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 105 16 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 105 17 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 105 18 as as IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 105 19 opposed oppose VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 105 20 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 105 21 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 105 22 time time NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 105 23 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 105 24 series series NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 105 25 approach approach NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 105 26 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 105 27 because because IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 105 28 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 105 29 later later RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 105 30 captures capture VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 105 31 deaths death NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 105 32 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 105 33 categories category NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 105 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 105 35 a a LS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 105 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 105 37 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 105 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 105 39 c c NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 105 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 105 41 only only RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 105 42 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 105 43 whereas whereas IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 105 44 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 105 45 cohort cohort NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 105 46 design design NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 105 47 assesses assess VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 105 48 cases case NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 105 49 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 105 50 categories category NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 105 51 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 105 52 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 105 53 b b NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 105 54 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 105 55 c. c. NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 106 1 Hence hence RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 106 2 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 106 3 impact impact NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 106 4 assessment assessment NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 106 5 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 106 6 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 106 7 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 106 8 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 106 9 mortality mortality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 106 10 should should MD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 106 11 be be VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 106 12 based base VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 106 13 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 106 14 cohort cohort NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 106 15 studies study NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 106 16 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 107 1 This this DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 107 2 position position NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 107 3 has have VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 107 4 been be VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 107 5 discussed discuss VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 107 6 claiming claim VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 107 7 that that IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 107 8 " " `` cord-348994-ly2fop7d 107 9 Lifetime Lifetime NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 107 10 lost lose VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 107 11 due due IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 107 12 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 107 13 short short JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 107 14 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 107 15 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 107 16 peaks peak NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 107 17 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 107 18 may may MD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 107 19 not not RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 107 20 be be VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 107 21 sufficiently sufficiently RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 107 22 captured capture VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 107 23 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 107 24 cohort cohort NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 107 25 studies study NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 107 26 because because IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 107 27 long long JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 107 28 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 107 29 term term NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 107 30 mean mean JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 107 31 concentrations concentration NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 107 32 are be VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 107 33 insensitive insensitive JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 107 34 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 107 35 such such JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 107 36 hidden hide VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 107 37 peaks peak NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 107 38 " " '' cord-348994-ly2fop7d 107 39 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 107 40 46 46 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 107 41 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 107 42 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 108 1 Although although IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 108 2 no no DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 108 3 available available JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 108 4 design design NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 108 5 could could MD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 108 6 fully fully RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 108 7 assess assess VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 108 8 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 108 9 contribution contribution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 108 10 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 108 11 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 108 12 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 108 13 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 108 14 life life NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 108 15 experience experience NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 108 16 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 108 17 cohort cohort NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 108 18 studies study NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 108 19 might may MD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 108 20 be be VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 108 21 more more RBR cord-348994-ly2fop7d 108 22 powerful powerful JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 108 23 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 108 24 case case NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 108 25 attribution attribution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 108 26 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 108 27 if if IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 108 28 long long JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 108 29 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 108 30 term term NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 108 31 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 108 32 was be VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 108 33 used use VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 108 34 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 108 35 since since IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 108 36 it -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 108 37 also also RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 108 38 reflects reflect VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 108 39 past past JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 108 40 peak peak NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 108 41 exposures exposure NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 108 42 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 2 spatio spatio JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 3 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 4 temporal temporal JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 5 extension extension NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 6 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 7 short short JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 8 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 9 term term NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 10 analysis analysis NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 11 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 12 47 47 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 13 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 14 as as RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 15 well well RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 16 as as IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 17 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 18 studies study NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 19 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 20 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 21 short short JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 22 term term NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 23 effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 24 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 25 cohorts cohort NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 27 48 48 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 28 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 29 49 49 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 31 contributed contribute VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 32 important important JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 33 developments development NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 34 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 35 assessing assess VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 36 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 37 effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 38 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 39 this this DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 40 sort sort NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 41 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 42 cumulative cumulative JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 43 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 44 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 45 both both CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 46 short short JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 47 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 48 term term NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 49 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 50 long long JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 51 term term NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 52 exposures exposure NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 53 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 54 • • NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 55 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 56 first first JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 57 approach approach NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 58 overcame overcome VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 59 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 60 limited limited JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 61 capacity capacity NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 62 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 63 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 64 time time NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 65 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 66 series series NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 67 so so IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 68 as as IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 69 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 70 take take VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 71 account account NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 72 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 73 spatial spatial JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 74 variation variation NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 75 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 76 47 47 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 77 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 78 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 79 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 80 introduction introduction NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 81 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 82 Cox Cox NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 83 proportional proportional JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 84 hazards hazard NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 85 models model NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 86 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 87 spatio spatio JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 88 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 89 temporal temporal JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 90 analysis analysis NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 91 introduced introduce VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 92 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 93 possibility possibility NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 94 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 95 estimating estimate VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 96 results result NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 97 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 98 different different JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 99 geographic geographic JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 100 levels level NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 101 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 102 such such JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 103 as as IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 104 cities city NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 105 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 106 states state NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 107 ; ; : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 109 108 • • XX cord-348994-ly2fop7d 110 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 110 2 second second JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 110 3 approach approach NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 110 4 included include VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 110 5 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 110 6 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 110 7 short short JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 110 8 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 110 9 term term NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 110 10 assessment assessment NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 110 11 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 110 12 effect effect NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 110 13 due due IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 110 14 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 110 15 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 110 16 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 110 17 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 110 18 some some DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 110 19 population population NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 110 20 subgroups subgroup NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 110 21 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 110 22 which which WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 110 23 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 110 24 itself -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 110 25 due due JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 110 26 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 110 27 long long JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 110 28 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 110 29 term term NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 110 30 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 110 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 110 32 48 48 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 110 33 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 110 34 49 49 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 110 35 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 110 36 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 111 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 111 2 current current JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 111 3 situation situation NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 111 4 seems seem VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 111 5 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 111 6 promise promise VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 111 7 further further JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 111 8 interesting interesting JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 111 9 developments development NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 111 10 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 111 11 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 111 12 methods method NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 111 13 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 111 14 dealing deal VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 111 15 with with IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 111 16 spatial spatial JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 111 17 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 111 18 temporal temporal JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 111 19 analysis analysis NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 111 20 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 111 21 short short JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 111 22 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 111 23 term term NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 111 24 health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 111 25 effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 111 26 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 1 Two two CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 2 recent recent JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 3 studies study NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 4 show show VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 5 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 6 potential potential NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 7 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 8 using use VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 9 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 10 time time NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 11 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 12 series series NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 13 approach approach NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 14 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 15 studying study VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 16 numerous numerous JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 17 areas area NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 19 28 28 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 20 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 21 29 29 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 23 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 24 strengthened strengthen VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 25 by by IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 26 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 27 concentration concentration NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 28 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 29 response response NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 30 function function NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 31 whose whose WP$ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 32 important important JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 33 role role NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 34 has have VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 35 been be VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 36 recognized recognize VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 37 as as IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 38 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 39 metric metric NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 40 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 41 impact impact NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 42 assessment assessment NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 43 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 44 addition addition NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 45 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 46 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 47 cause cause NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 48 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 49 effect effect NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 50 metric metric NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 51 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 52 50 50 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 53 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 54 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 55 51 51 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 56 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 57 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 58 52 52 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 59 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 60 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 61 see see VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 62 also also RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 63 below below IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 64 page page NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 65 12 12 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 66 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 67 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 68 role role NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 69 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 70 dose dose NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 71 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 72 response response NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 73 curve curve NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 74 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 112 75 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 1 In in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 2 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 3 above above RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 4 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 5 cited cite VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 6 recent recent JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 7 multi multi JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 8 - - JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 9 area area JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 10 papers paper NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 11 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 12 28 28 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 13 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 14 29 29 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 15 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 16 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 17 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 18 contribution contribution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 19 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 20 short short JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 21 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 22 term term NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 23 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 24 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 25 increasing increase VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 26 mortality mortality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 27 emerged emerge VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 28 as as IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 29 independent independent JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 30 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 31 long long JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 32 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 33 term term NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 34 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 35 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 36 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 37 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 38 no no DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 39 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 40 threshold threshold NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 41 linear linear JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 42 relationship relationship NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 43 has have VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 44 been be VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 45 confirmed confirm VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 46 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 47 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 48 PM pm NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 49 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 50 mortality mortality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 51 function function NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 52 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 53 with with IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 54 continuous continuous JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 55 increases increase NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 56 starting start VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 57 even even RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 58 at at IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 59 concentrations concentration NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 60 below below IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 61 those those DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 62 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 63 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 64 current current JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 65 guidelines guideline NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 113 66 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 114 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 114 2 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 114 3 also also RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 114 4 worth worth JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 114 5 noting note VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 114 6 that that IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 114 7 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 114 8 authors author NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 114 9 used use VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 114 10 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 114 11 excess excess JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 114 12 fraction fraction NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 114 13 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 114 14 estimate estimate VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 114 15 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 114 16 risk risk NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 114 17 attributable attributable JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 114 18 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 114 19 short short JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 114 20 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 114 21 term term NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 114 22 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 114 23 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 114 24 thus thus RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 114 25 highlighting highlight VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 114 26 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 114 27 opportunity opportunity NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 114 28 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 114 29 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 114 30 interventions intervention NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 114 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 114 32 28 28 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 114 33 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 114 34 29 29 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 114 35 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 114 36 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 115 1 Daily daily JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 115 2 increases increase NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 115 3 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 115 4 10 10 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 115 5 µg µg NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 115 6 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 115 7 PM PM NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 115 8 10 10 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 115 9 have have VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 115 10 been be VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 115 11 associated associate VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 115 12 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 115 13 within within IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 115 14 2 2 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 115 15 days day NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 115 16 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 115 17 with with IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 115 18 an an DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 115 19 additional additional JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 115 20 0.44 0.44 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 115 21 % % NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 115 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 115 23 95 95 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 115 24 % % NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 115 25 CIs ci NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 115 26 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 115 27 0.39−0.50 0.39−0.50 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 115 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 115 29 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 115 30 daily daily JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 115 31 mortality mortality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 115 32 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 115 33 0.36 0.36 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 115 34 % % NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 115 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 115 36 95 95 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 115 37 % % NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 115 38 CI CI NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 115 39 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 115 40 0.30−0.43 0.30−0.43 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 115 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 115 42 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 115 43 cardio cardio JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 115 44 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 115 45 vascular vascular JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 115 46 mortality mortality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 115 47 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 115 48 0.47 0.47 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 115 49 % % NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 115 50 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 115 51 95 95 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 115 52 % % NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 115 53 CI CI NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 115 54 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 115 55 0.35−0.58 0.35−0.58 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 115 56 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 115 57 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 115 58 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 115 59 mortality mortality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 115 60 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 116 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 116 2 studies study NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 116 3 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 116 4 long long JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 116 5 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 116 6 term term NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 116 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 116 8 L l NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 116 9 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 116 10 T T NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 116 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 116 12 effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 116 13 are be VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 116 14 characterized characterize VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 116 15 by by IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 116 16 prolonged prolonged JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 116 17 exposures exposure NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 116 18 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 116 19 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 116 20 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 116 21 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 116 22 measured measure VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 116 23 by by IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 116 24 annual annual JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 116 25 average average NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 116 26 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 116 27 by by IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 116 28 health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 116 29 effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 116 30 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 116 31 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 116 32 exposed expose VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 116 33 population population NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 116 34 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 117 1 Health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 117 2 effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 117 3 are be VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 117 4 usually usually RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 117 5 measured measure VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 117 6 as as IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 117 7 all all DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 117 8 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 117 9 cause cause NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 117 10 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 117 11 cause cause NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 117 12 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 117 13 specific specific JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 117 14 mortality mortality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 117 15 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 117 16 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 117 17 as as IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 117 18 diseases disease NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 117 19 diagnosed diagnose VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 117 20 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 117 21 health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 117 22 services service NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 117 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 117 24 hospitals hospital NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 117 25 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 117 26 emergency emergency NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 117 27 rooms room NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 117 28 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 117 29 medical medical JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 117 30 offices office NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 117 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 117 32 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 118 1 Health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 118 2 effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 118 3 are be VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 118 4 also also RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 118 5 estimated estimate VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 118 6 as as IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 118 7 decreased decrease VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 118 8 survival survival NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 118 9 which which WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 118 10 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 118 11 measured measure VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 118 12 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 118 13 terms term NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 118 14 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 118 15 either either DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 118 16 life life NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 118 17 expectancy expectancy NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 118 18 or or CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 118 19 years year NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 118 20 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 118 21 life life NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 118 22 lost lose VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 118 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 118 24 YLL YLL NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 118 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 118 26 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 119 1 All all DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 119 2 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 119 3 these these DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 119 4 measurements measurement NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 119 5 are be VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 119 6 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 119 7 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 119 8 estimating estimate VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 119 9 attributable attributable JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 119 10 risks risk NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 119 11 or or CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 119 12 excess excess JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 119 13 fractions fraction NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 119 14 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 119 15 both both DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 119 16 which which WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 119 17 are be VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 119 18 important important JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 119 19 metrics metric NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 119 20 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 119 21 risk risk NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 119 22 assessment assessment NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 119 23 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 120 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 120 2 long long JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 120 3 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 120 4 term term NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 120 5 approach approach NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 120 6 led lead VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 120 7 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 120 8 important important JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 120 9 methodological methodological JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 120 10 improvements improvement NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 120 11 after after IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 120 12 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 120 13 first first JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 120 14 studies study NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 120 15 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 120 16 mortality mortality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 120 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 120 18 24 24 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 120 19 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 120 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 120 21 53 53 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 120 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 120 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 120 24 54 54 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 120 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 121 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 121 2 55 55 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 121 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 121 4 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 121 5 that that WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 121 6 facilitated facilitate VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 121 7 estimating estimate VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 121 8 ARs ar NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 121 9 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 121 10 1 1 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 121 11 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 122 1 An an DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 122 2 increasingly increasingly RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 122 3 accurate accurate JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 122 4 assessment assessment NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 122 5 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 122 6 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 122 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 122 8 although although IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 122 9 not not RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 122 10 yet yet RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 122 11 at at IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 122 12 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 122 13 individual individual JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 122 14 level level NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 122 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 122 16 ranging range VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 122 17 from from IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 122 18 continuous continuous JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 122 19 monitoring monitoring NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 122 20 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 122 21 PM PM NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 122 22 10 10 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 122 23 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 122 24 PM PM NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 122 25 2.5 2.5 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 122 26 components component NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 122 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 122 28 56 56 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 122 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 122 30 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 122 31 models model NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 122 32 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 122 33 spatial spatial JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 122 34 analysis analysis NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 122 35 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 122 36 47 47 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 122 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 122 38 up up IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 122 39 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 122 40 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 122 41 current current JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 122 42 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 122 43 almost almost RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 122 44 worldwide worldwide JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 122 45 coverage coverage NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 122 46 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 122 47 57 57 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 122 48 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 122 49 ; ; : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 122 50 2 2 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 122 51 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 123 1 A a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 123 2 more more RBR cord-348994-ly2fop7d 123 3 comprehensive comprehensive JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 123 4 picture picture NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 123 5 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 123 6 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 123 7 health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 123 8 effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 123 9 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 123 10 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 123 11 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 123 12 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 123 13 which which WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 123 14 include include VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 123 15 cancer cancer NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 123 16 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 123 17 58 58 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 123 18 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 123 19 59 59 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 123 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 123 21 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 123 22 metabolic metabolic JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 123 23 diseases disease NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 123 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 123 25 60 60 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 123 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 123 27 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 123 28 maternal maternal JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 123 29 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 123 30 birth birth NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 123 31 outcomes outcome NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 123 32 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 123 33 61 61 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 123 34 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 123 35 62 62 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 123 36 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 123 37 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 123 38 developmental developmental JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 123 39 effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 123 40 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 123 41 63 63 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 123 42 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 123 43 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 123 44 cognitive cognitive JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 123 45 impairment impairment NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 123 46 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 123 47 64 64 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 123 48 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 123 49 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 123 50 central central JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 123 51 nervous nervous JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 123 52 system system NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 123 53 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 123 54 CNS CNS NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 123 55 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 123 56 diseases disease NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 123 57 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 123 58 65 65 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 123 59 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 123 60 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 124 1 All all PDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 124 2 these these DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 124 3 additional additional JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 124 4 diseases disease NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 124 5 have have VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 124 6 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 124 7 progression progression NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 124 8 that that WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 124 9 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 124 10 consistent consistent JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 124 11 with with IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 124 12 cumulative cumulative JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 124 13 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 124 14 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 124 15 progressive progressive JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 124 16 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 124 17 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 124 18 damage damage NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 124 19 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 124 20 such such JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 124 21 as as IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 124 22 chronic chronic JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 124 23 or or CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 124 24 degenerative degenerative JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 124 25 diseases disease NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 124 26 ; ; : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 124 27 3 3 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 124 28 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 125 1 An an DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 125 2 updated update VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 125 3 definition definition NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 125 4 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 125 5 " " `` cord-348994-ly2fop7d 125 6 adverse adverse JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 125 7 health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 125 8 effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 125 9 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 125 10 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 125 11 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 125 12 " " '' cord-348994-ly2fop7d 125 13 that that WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 125 14 includes include VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 125 15 asymptomatic asymptomatic JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 125 16 signs sign NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 125 17 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 125 18 health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 125 19 deterioration deterioration NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 125 20 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 125 21 such such JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 125 22 as as IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 125 23 biological biological JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 125 24 effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 125 25 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 125 26 altered alter VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 125 27 biomarkers biomarker NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 125 28 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 125 29 reduced reduce VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 125 30 functions function NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 125 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 125 32 66 66 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 125 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 126 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 126 2 extension extension NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 126 3 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 126 4 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 126 5 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 126 6 lag lag NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 126 7 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 126 8 response response NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 126 9 models model NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 126 10 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 126 11 allow allow VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 126 12 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 126 13 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 126 14 health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 126 15 effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 126 16 due due IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 126 17 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 126 18 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 126 19 protracted protracted JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 126 20 exposures exposure NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 126 21 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 126 22 environmental environmental JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 126 23 factors factor NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 126 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 126 25 69 69 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 126 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 126 27 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 127 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 127 2 most most RBS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 127 3 frequently frequently RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 127 4 used use VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 127 5 approaches approach NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 127 6 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 127 7 assessing assess VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 127 8 L L NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 127 9 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 127 10 T t NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 127 11 effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 127 12 were be VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 127 13 cohort cohort NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 127 14 studies study NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 127 15 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 127 16 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 127 17 studies study NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 127 18 that that WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 127 19 use use VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 127 20 functions function NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 127 21 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 127 22 link link VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 127 23 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 127 24 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 127 25 health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 127 26 effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 127 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 127 28 11 11 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 127 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 127 30 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 128 1 Cohort cohort NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 128 2 studies study NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 128 3 had have VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 128 4 been be VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 128 5 focused focus VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 128 6 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 128 7 specific specific JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 128 8 sources source NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 128 9 that that WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 128 10 were be VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 128 11 both both DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 128 12 noxious noxious JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 128 13 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 128 14 human human JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 128 15 health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 128 16 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 128 17 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 128 18 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 128 19 reduction reduction NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 128 20 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 128 21 such such JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 128 22 as as IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 128 23 traffic traffic NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 128 24 density density NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 128 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 128 26 70 70 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 128 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 129 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 129 2 71 71 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 129 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 130 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 130 2 72 72 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 130 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 130 4 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 130 5 industrial industrial JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 130 6 emissions emission NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 130 7 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 130 8 73 73 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 130 9 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 130 10 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 130 11 home home NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 130 12 wood wood NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 130 13 combustion combustion NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 130 14 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 130 15 74 74 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 130 16 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 130 17 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 131 1 Or or CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 131 2 they -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 131 3 used use VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 131 4 cohorts cohort NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 131 5 created create VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 131 6 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 131 7 different different JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 131 8 reasons reason NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 131 9 but but CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 131 10 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 131 11 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 131 12 representing represent VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 131 13 population population NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 131 14 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 131 15 assuring assure VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 131 16 long long JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 131 17 prospective prospective JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 131 18 follow follow NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 131 19 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 131 20 ups up NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 131 21 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 131 22 assess assess VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 131 23 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 131 24 changes change NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 131 25 after after IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 131 26 interventions intervention NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 131 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 131 28 30 30 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 131 29 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 131 30 47 47 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 131 31 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 131 32 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 131 33 75 75 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 131 34 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 131 35 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 131 36 76 76 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 131 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 131 38 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 131 39 77 77 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 131 40 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 131 41 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 132 1 In in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 132 2 addition addition NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 132 3 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 132 4 they -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 132 5 also also RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 132 6 used use VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 132 7 populations population NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 132 8 that that WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 132 9 were be VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 132 10 resident resident JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 132 11 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 132 12 defined define VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 132 13 areas area NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 132 14 thanks thank NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 132 15 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 132 16 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 132 17 availability availability NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 132 18 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 132 19 wide wide RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 132 20 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 132 21 ranging range VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 132 22 administrative administrative JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 132 23 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 132 24 environmental environmental JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 132 25 data datum NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 132 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 132 27 78 78 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 132 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 132 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 132 30 79 79 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 132 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 132 32 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 132 33 80 80 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 132 34 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 132 35 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 132 36 81 81 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 132 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 132 38 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 132 39 82 82 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 132 40 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 132 41 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 133 1 Studies study NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 133 2 using use VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 133 3 functions function NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 133 4 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 133 5 link link VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 133 6 long long JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 133 7 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 133 8 term term NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 133 9 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 133 10 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 133 11 health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 133 12 effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 133 13 were be VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 133 14 promoted promote VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 133 15 by by IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 133 16 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 133 17 Global Global NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 133 18 Burden Burden NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 133 19 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 133 20 Disease Disease NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 133 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 133 22 GBD GBD NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 133 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 133 24 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 133 25 estimating estimate VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 133 26 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 133 27 burden burden NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 133 28 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 133 29 diseases disease NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 133 30 attributable attributable JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 133 31 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 133 32 ambient ambient JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 133 33 PM PM NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 133 34 2.5 2.5 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 133 35 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 133 36 areas area NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 133 37 with with IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 133 38 extremely extremely RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 133 39 high high JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 133 40 concentrations concentration NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 133 41 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 133 42 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 133 43 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 133 44 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 133 45 but but CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 133 46 no no DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 133 47 direct direct JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 133 48 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 133 49 evidence evidence NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 133 50 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 133 51 83 83 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 133 52 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 133 53 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 133 54 such such JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 133 55 as as IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 133 56 India India NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 133 57 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 133 58 84 84 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 133 59 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 133 60 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 134 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 134 2 integrated integrated JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 134 3 response response NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 134 4 function function NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 134 5 that that IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 134 6 these these DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 134 7 studies study NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 134 8 implemented implement VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 134 9 uses use VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 134 10 satellite satellite NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 134 11 data datum NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 134 12 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 134 13 assess assess VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 134 14 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 134 15 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 134 16 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 134 17 makes make VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 134 18 deaths death NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 134 19 data datum NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 134 20 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 134 21 mortality mortality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 134 22 rates rate NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 134 23 comparable comparable JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 134 24 through through IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 134 25 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 134 26 use use NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 134 27 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 134 28 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 134 29 standardized standardized JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 134 30 method method NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 134 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 134 32 85 85 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 134 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 134 34 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 1 This this DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 2 makes make VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 4 possible possible JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 5 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 6 compare compare VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 7 attributable attributable JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 8 risks risk NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 9 across across IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 10 countries country NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 11 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 12 where where WRB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 13 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 14 briefly briefly RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 15 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 16 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 17 risk risk NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 18 function function NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 19 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 20 link link VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 21 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 22 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 23 health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 24 effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 25 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 26 estimated estimate VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 27 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 28 each each DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 29 country country NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 30 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 31 different different JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 32 exposures exposure NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 34 ambient ambient JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 35 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 36 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 37 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 38 second second JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 39 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 40 hand hand NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 41 smoke smoke NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 42 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 43 active active JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 44 smoking smoking NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 45 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 46 household household NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 47 solid solid JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 48 cooking cooking NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 49 fuel fuel NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 50 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 51 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 52 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 53 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 54 population population NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 55 attributable attributable JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 56 fractions fraction NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 57 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 58 PAFs PAFs NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 59 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 60 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 61 each each DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 62 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 63 them -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 64 are be VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 65 calculated calculate VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 66 by by IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 67 using use VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 68 worldwide worldwide RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 69 ambient ambient JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 70 PM PM NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 71 2.5 2.5 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 72 concentrations concentration NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 73 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 74 86 86 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 75 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 135 76 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 136 1 Both both DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 136 2 short short JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 136 3 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 136 4 term term NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 136 5 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 136 6 long long JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 136 7 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 136 8 term term NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 136 9 studies study NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 136 10 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 136 11 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 136 12 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 136 13 effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 136 14 contribute contribute VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 136 15 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 136 16 health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 136 17 impact impact NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 136 18 assessment assessment NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 136 19 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 136 20 since since IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 136 21 both both DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 136 22 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 136 23 them -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 136 24 give give VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 136 25 estimates estimate NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 136 26 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 136 27 damage damage NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 136 28 due due JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 136 29 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 136 30 increasing increase VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 136 31 noxious noxious JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 136 32 exposures exposure NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 136 33 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 136 34 by by IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 136 35 using use VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 136 36 population population NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 136 37 attributable attributable JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 136 38 fractions fraction NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 136 39 or or CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 136 40 excess excess JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 136 41 fractions fraction NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 136 42 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 136 43 as as IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 136 44 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 136 45 metric metric NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 136 46 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 136 47 effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 136 48 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 137 1 An an DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 137 2 additional additional JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 137 3 metric metric NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 137 4 called call VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 137 5 " " `` cord-348994-ly2fop7d 137 6 impact impact NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 137 7 fraction fraction NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 137 8 " " '' cord-348994-ly2fop7d 137 9 has have VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 137 10 also also RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 137 11 been be VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 137 12 proposed propose VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 137 13 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 137 14 87 87 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 137 15 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 137 16 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 137 17 assessing assess VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 137 18 " " `` cord-348994-ly2fop7d 137 19 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 137 20 potential potential JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 137 21 efficacy efficacy NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 137 22 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 137 23 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 137 24 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 137 25 adequacy adequacy NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 137 26 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 137 27 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 137 28 efficiency efficiency NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 137 29 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 137 30 planned plan VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 137 31 intervention intervention NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 137 32 strategies strategy NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 137 33 " " '' cord-348994-ly2fop7d 137 34 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 137 35 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 137 36 studies study NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 137 37 that that WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 137 38 aim aim VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 137 39 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 137 40 estimate estimate VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 137 41 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 137 42 health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 137 43 gains gain NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 137 44 achievable achievable JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 137 45 by by IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 137 46 potential potential JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 137 47 reductions reduction NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 137 48 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 137 49 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 137 50 pollutants pollutant NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 137 51 levels level NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 137 52 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 137 53 88 88 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 137 54 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 137 55 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 137 56 89 89 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 137 57 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 137 58 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 137 59 90 90 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 137 60 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 137 61 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 138 1 This this DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 138 2 approach approach NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 138 3 could could MD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 138 4 contribute contribute VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 138 5 increasingly increasingly RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 138 6 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 138 7 supporting support VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 138 8 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 138 9 political political JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 138 10 decision decision NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 138 11 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 138 12 cut cut VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 138 13 back back RP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 138 14 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 138 15 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 138 16 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 138 17 but but CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 138 18 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 138 19 methods method NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 138 20 used use VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 138 21 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 138 22 estimating estimate VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 138 23 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 138 24 potential potential JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 138 25 benefits benefit NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 138 26 should should MD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 138 27 be be VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 138 28 further further RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 138 29 enhanced enhance VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 138 30 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 138 31 so so IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 138 32 that that IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 138 33 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 138 34 HEI HEI NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 138 35 indicates indicate VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 138 36 it -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 138 37 as as IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 138 38 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 138 39 first first JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 138 40 pointer pointer NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 138 41 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 138 42 accountability accountability NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 138 43 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 138 44 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 138 45 Strategic strategic JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 138 46 plan plan NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 138 47 2020−2025 2020−2025 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 138 48 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 138 49 understanding understand VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 138 50 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 138 51 health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 138 52 effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 138 53 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 138 54 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 138 55 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 138 56 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 138 57 2nd 2nd JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 138 58 Mar,2020:1−3 mar,2020:1−3 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 138 59 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 138 60 91 91 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 138 61 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 138 62 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 139 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 139 2 theoretical theoretical JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 139 3 concept concept NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 139 4 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 139 5 these these DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 139 6 potential potential JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 139 7 effect effect NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 139 8 measures measure NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 139 9 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 139 10 that that IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 139 11 they -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 139 12 are be VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 139 13 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 139 14 special special JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 139 15 case case NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 139 16 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 139 17 attributable attributable JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 139 18 fraction fraction NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 139 19 that that WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 139 20 compare compare VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 139 21 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 139 22 effect effect NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 139 23 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 139 24 an an DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 139 25 observed observed JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 139 26 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 139 27 with with IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 139 28 that that DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 139 29 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 139 30 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 139 31 counterfactual counterfactual JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 139 32 case case NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 139 33 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 139 34 which which WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 139 35 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 139 36 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 139 37 completely completely RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 139 38 absent absent JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 139 39 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 140 1 As as IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 140 2 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 140 3 matter matter NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 140 4 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 140 5 fact fact NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 140 6 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 140 7 different different JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 140 8 potential potential JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 140 9 conditions condition NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 140 10 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 140 11 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 140 12 are be VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 140 13 usually usually RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 140 14 chosen choose VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 140 15 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 140 16 92 92 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 140 17 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 140 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 140 19 possibly possibly RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 140 20 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 140 21 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 140 22 basis basis NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 140 23 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 140 24 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 140 25 knowledge knowledge NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 140 26 about about IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 140 27 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 140 28 available available JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 140 29 technologies technology NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 140 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 140 31 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 141 1 Hence hence RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 141 2 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 141 3 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 141 4 current current JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 141 5 choice choice NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 141 6 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 141 7 new new JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 141 8 limits limit NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 141 9 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 141 10 which which WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 141 11 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 141 12 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 141 13 concentrations concentration NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 141 14 should should MD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 141 15 be be VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 141 16 decreased decrease VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 141 17 can can MD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 141 18 not not RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 141 19 rely rely VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 141 20 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 141 21 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 141 22 counterfactual counterfactual JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 141 23 case case NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 141 24 that that WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 141 25 would would MD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 141 26 posit posit VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 141 27 zeroing zero VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 141 28 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 141 29 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 141 30 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 141 31 nor nor CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 141 32 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 141 33 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 141 34 safe safe JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 141 35 tested test VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 141 36 level level NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 141 37 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 141 38 as as IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 141 39 we -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 141 40 know know VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 141 41 that that IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 141 42 no no DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 141 43 threshold threshold NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 141 44 exists exist VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 141 45 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 141 46 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 141 47 dose dose JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 141 48 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 141 49 response response NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 141 50 curve curve NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 141 51 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 141 52 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 141 53 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 141 54 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 141 55 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 141 56 health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 141 57 effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 141 58 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 142 1 Finally finally RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 142 2 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 142 3 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 142 4 definition definition NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 142 5 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 142 6 an an DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 142 7 " " `` cord-348994-ly2fop7d 142 8 acceptable acceptable JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 142 9 " " '' cord-348994-ly2fop7d 142 10 damage damage NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 142 11 not not RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 142 12 based base VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 142 13 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 142 14 scientific scientific JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 142 15 evidences evidence NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 142 16 should should MD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 142 17 involve involve VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 142 18 larger large JJR cord-348994-ly2fop7d 142 19 social social JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 142 20 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 142 21 economic economic JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 142 22 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 142 23 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 142 24 political political JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 142 25 institutions institution NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 142 26 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 1 These these DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 2 studies study NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 3 have have VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 4 been be VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 5 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 6 could could MD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 7 be be VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 8 still still RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 9 useful useful JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 10 also also RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 11 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 12 revising revise VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 13 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 14 methods method NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 15 used use VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 16 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 17 predict predict VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 18 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 19 possible possible JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 20 beneficial beneficial JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 21 effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 22 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 23 interventions intervention NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 24 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 25 along along IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 26 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 27 same same JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 28 lines line NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 29 as as IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 30 what what WP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 31 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 32 HEI HEI NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 33 did do VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 34 by by IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 35 supporting support VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 36 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 37 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 38 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 39 2000s 2000 NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 40 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 41 intervention intervention NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 42 studies study NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 43 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 44 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 45 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 46 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 47 test test VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 48 whether whether IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 49 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 50 proposed propose VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 51 methods method NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 52 were be VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 53 able able JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 54 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 55 1 1 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 56 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 57 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 58 assess assess VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 59 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 60 population population NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 61 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 62 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 63 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 64 2 2 LS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 65 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 66 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 67 identify identify VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 68 an an DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 69 effective effective JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 70 dose dose NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 71 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 72 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 73 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 74 3 3 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 75 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 76 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 77 identify identify VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 78 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 79 best good JJS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 80 health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 81 outcomes outcome NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 82 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 83 defined define VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 84 as as IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 85 those those DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 86 associated associate VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 87 with with IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 88 several several JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 89 pollutants pollutant NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 90 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 91 detectable detectable JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 92 shortly shortly RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 93 after after IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 94 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 95 change change NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 96 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 97 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 98 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 99 4 4 LS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 100 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 101 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 102 identify identify VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 103 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 104 best good JJS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 105 populations population NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 106 as as IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 107 those those DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 108 which which WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 109 make make VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 110 it -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 111 possible possible JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 112 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 113 assess assess VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 114 differences difference NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 115 between between IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 116 areas area NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 117 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 118 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 119 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 120 study study VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 121 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 122 effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 123 related relate VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 124 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 125 intervention intervention NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 126 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 127 93 93 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 128 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 143 129 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 1 Other other JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 2 studies study NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 3 help help VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 4 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 5 choosing choose VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 6 priorities priority NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 7 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 8 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 9 intervention intervention NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 10 studies study NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 11 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 12 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 13 basis basis NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 14 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 15 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 16 observed observed JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 17 risk risk NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 18 assessments assessment NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 19 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 20 different different JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 21 exposures exposure NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 23 behavioral behavioral JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 24 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 25 environmental environmental JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 26 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 27 occupational occupational JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 29 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 30 like like IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 31 those those DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 32 provided provide VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 33 by by IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 34 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 35 GBD GBD NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 36 studies study NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 37 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 38 94 94 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 39 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 40 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 41 or or CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 42 from from IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 43 different different JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 44 sources source NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 46 industrial industrial JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 47 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 48 residential residential JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 49 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 50 vehicular vehicular JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 51 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 52 multiple multiple JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 53 sources source NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 54 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 55 with with IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 56 respect respect NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 57 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 58 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 59 effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 60 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 61 mortality mortality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 62 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 63 morbidity morbidity NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 64 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 65 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 66 changes change NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 67 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 68 pollutant pollutant NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 69 concentrations concentration NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 70 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 71 95 95 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 72 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 144 73 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 145 1 Promoting promote VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 145 2 an an DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 145 3 intervention intervention NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 145 4 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 145 5 reduce reduce VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 145 6 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 145 7 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 145 8 with with IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 145 9 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 145 10 purpose purpose NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 145 11 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 145 12 reducing reduce VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 145 13 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 145 14 health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 145 15 effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 145 16 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 145 17 requires require VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 145 18 evidence evidence NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 145 19 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 145 20 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 145 21 causal causal JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 145 22 relationship relationship NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 145 23 between between IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 145 24 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 145 25 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 145 26 that that DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 145 27 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 145 28 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 145 29 those those DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 145 30 effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 145 31 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 146 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 146 2 also also RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 146 3 requires require VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 146 4 estimates estimate NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 146 5 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 146 6 excess excess JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 146 7 fractions fraction NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 146 8 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 146 9 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 146 10 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 146 11 so so IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 146 12 as as IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 146 13 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 146 14 be be VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 146 15 able able JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 146 16 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 146 17 evaluate evaluate VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 146 18 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 146 19 what what WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 146 20 extent extent NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 146 21 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 146 22 interventions intervention NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 146 23 have have VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 146 24 met meet VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 146 25 expectations expectation NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 146 26 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 147 1 A a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 147 2 no no DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 147 3 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 147 4 threshold threshold NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 147 5 linear linear JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 147 6 concentration concentration NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 147 7 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 147 8 response response NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 147 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 147 10 C C NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 147 11 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 147 12 R R NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 147 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 147 14 curve curve NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 147 15 has have VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 147 16 been be VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 147 17 assumed assume VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 147 18 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 147 19 exist exist VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 147 20 by by IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 147 21 researchers researcher NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 147 22 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 147 23 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 147 24 basis basis NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 147 25 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 147 26 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 147 27 linear linear JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 147 28 relationship relationship NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 147 29 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 147 30 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 147 31 observed observed JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 147 32 intermediate intermediate JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 147 33 values value NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 147 34 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 147 35 most most JJS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 147 36 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 147 37 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 147 38 initial initial JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 147 39 studies study NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 147 40 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 147 41 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 147 42 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 147 43 effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 147 44 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 148 1 Likewise likewise RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 148 2 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 148 3 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 148 4 further further JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 148 5 assumption assumption NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 148 6 was be VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 148 7 that that IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 148 8 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 148 9 linear linear JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 148 10 relationship relationship NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 148 11 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 148 12 not not RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 148 13 measured measure VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 148 14 values value NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 148 15 there there EX cord-348994-ly2fop7d 148 16 could could MD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 148 17 be be VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 148 18 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 148 19 both both CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 148 20 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 148 21 left left JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 148 22 curve curve NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 148 23 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 148 24 i.e. i.e. FW cord-348994-ly2fop7d 148 25 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 148 26 at at IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 148 27 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 148 28 lowest low JJS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 148 29 levels level NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 148 30 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 148 31 pollutants pollutant NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 148 32 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 148 33 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 148 34 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 148 35 right right JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 148 36 one one NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 148 37 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 148 38 at at IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 148 39 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 148 40 highest high JJS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 148 41 levels level NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 148 42 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 149 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 149 2 assumptions assumption NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 149 3 about about IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 149 4 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 149 5 lowest low JJS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 149 6 levels level NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 149 7 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 149 8 pollutants pollutant NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 149 9 were be VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 149 10 discussed discuss VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 149 11 from from IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 149 12 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 149 13 point point NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 149 14 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 149 15 view view NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 149 16 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 149 17 public public JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 149 18 health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 149 19 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 149 20 since since IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 149 21 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 149 22 shape shape NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 149 23 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 149 24 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 149 25 C C NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 149 26 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 149 27 R r NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 149 28 curve curve NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 149 29 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 149 30 an an DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 149 31 important important JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 149 32 parameter parameter NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 149 33 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 149 34 predicting predict VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 149 35 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 149 36 benefits benefit NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 149 37 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 149 38 reducing reduce VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 149 39 high high JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 149 40 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 149 41 level level NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 149 42 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 149 43 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 149 44 50 50 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 149 45 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 149 46 51 51 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 149 47 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 149 48 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 150 1 Just just RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 150 2 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 150 3 bit bit NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 150 4 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 150 5 evidence evidence NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 150 6 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 150 7 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 150 8 threshold threshold NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 150 9 was be VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 150 10 found find VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 150 11 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 150 12 whereas whereas IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 150 13 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 150 14 two two CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 150 15 methods method NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 150 16 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 150 17 assessing assess VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 150 18 regression regression NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 150 19 linearity linearity NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 150 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 150 21 penalized penalize VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 150 22 splines spline NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 150 23 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 150 24 model model NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 150 25 averaging averaging NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 150 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 150 27 were be VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 150 28 equivalent equivalent JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 150 29 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 151 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 151 2 possibility possibility NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 151 3 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 151 4 predicting predict VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 151 5 C C NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 151 6 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 151 7 R r NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 151 8 curves curve NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 151 9 at at IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 151 10 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 151 11 highest high JJS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 151 12 levels level NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 151 13 at at IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 151 14 which which WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 151 15 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 151 16 intervene intervene VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 151 17 first first RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 151 18 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 151 19 all all DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 151 20 so so IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 151 21 as as IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 151 22 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 151 23 reduce reduce VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 151 24 damages damage NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 151 25 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 151 26 has have VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 151 27 been be VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 151 28 discussed discuss VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 151 29 most most RBS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 151 30 recently recently RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 151 31 by by IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 151 32 Cox Cox NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 151 33 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 151 34 96 96 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 151 35 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 151 36 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 152 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 152 2 author author NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 152 3 questions question VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 152 4 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 152 5 possibility possibility NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 152 6 that that IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 152 7 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 152 8 observed observed JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 152 9 C C NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 152 10 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 152 11 R r NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 152 12 relationship relationship NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 152 13 might may MD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 152 14 be be VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 152 15 used use VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 152 16 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 152 17 predict predict VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 152 18 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 152 19 effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 152 20 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 152 21 an an DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 152 22 intervention intervention NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 152 23 at at IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 152 24 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 152 25 highest high JJS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 152 26 levels level NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 152 27 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 152 28 PM pm NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 152 29 2.5 2.5 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 152 30 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 152 31 because because IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 152 32 this this DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 152 33 would would MD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 152 34 imply imply VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 152 35 that that IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 152 36 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 152 37 magnitude magnitude NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 152 38 or or CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 152 39 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 152 40 direction direction NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 152 41 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 152 42 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 152 43 observed observed JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 152 44 curve curve NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 152 45 was be VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 152 46 similar similar JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 152 47 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 152 48 those those DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 152 49 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 152 50 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 152 51 predicted predict VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 152 52 curve curve NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 152 53 after after IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 152 54 intervention intervention NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 152 55 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 153 1 This this DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 153 2 assumption assumption NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 153 3 could could MD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 153 4 not not RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 153 5 be be VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 153 6 necessarily necessarily RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 153 7 true true JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 153 8 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 153 9 since since IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 153 10 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 153 11 observed observed JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 153 12 values value NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 153 13 are be VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 153 14 fixed fix VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 153 15 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 153 16 whereas whereas IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 153 17 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 153 18 predicted predict VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 153 19 values value NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 153 20 are be VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 153 21 based base VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 153 22 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 153 23 changing change VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 153 24 pollutant pollutant NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 153 25 levels level NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 153 26 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 154 1 Additionally additionally RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 154 2 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 154 3 Pope Pope NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 154 4 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 154 5 even even RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 154 6 though though IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 154 7 he -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 154 8 recognized recognize VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 154 9 that that IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 154 10 both both CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 154 11 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 154 12 burden burden NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 154 13 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 154 14 disease disease NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 154 15 attributable attributable JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 154 16 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 154 17 PM PM NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 154 18 2.5 2.5 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 154 19 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 154 20 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 154 21 benefits benefit NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 154 22 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 154 23 reducing reduce VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 154 24 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 154 25 depend depend VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 154 26 upon upon IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 154 27 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 154 28 observed observed JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 154 29 C C NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 154 30 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 154 31 R r NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 154 32 function function NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 154 33 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 154 34 found find VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 154 35 that that IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 154 36 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 154 37 abatement abatement NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 154 38 may may MD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 154 39 yield yield VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 154 40 greater great JJR cord-348994-ly2fop7d 154 41 benefits benefit NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 154 42 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 154 43 relatively relatively RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 154 44 clean clean JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 154 45 areas area NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 154 46 than than IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 154 47 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 154 48 highly highly RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 154 49 polluted polluted JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 154 50 ones one NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 154 51 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 155 1 Hence hence RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 155 2 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 155 3 he -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 155 4 concluded conclude VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 155 5 that that IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 155 6 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 155 7 shape shape NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 155 8 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 155 9 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 155 10 C C NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 155 11 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 155 12 R r NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 155 13 function function NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 155 14 should should MD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 155 15 be be VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 155 16 further further RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 155 17 explored explore VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 155 18 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 155 19 better better RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 155 20 understand understand VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 155 21 this this DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 155 22 relationship relationship NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 155 23 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 155 24 more more RBR cord-348994-ly2fop7d 155 25 effective effective JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 155 26 abatement abatement NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 155 27 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 155 28 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 155 29 pollutant pollutant NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 155 30 effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 155 31 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 155 32 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 155 33 future future NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 155 34 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 155 35 97 97 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 155 36 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 155 37 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 156 1 New new JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 156 2 types type NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 156 3 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 156 4 evidence evidence NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 156 5 were be VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 156 6 proposed propose VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 156 7 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 156 8 estimating estimate VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 156 9 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 156 10 pollutant pollutant NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 156 11 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 156 12 strategies strategy NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 156 13 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 156 14 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 156 15 basis basis NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 156 16 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 156 17 direct direct JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 156 18 experiments experiment NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 156 19 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 156 20 rather rather RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 156 21 than than IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 156 22 deriving derive VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 156 23 predictions prediction NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 156 24 from from IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 156 25 observed observed JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 156 26 situations situation NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 156 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 156 28 98 98 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 156 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 156 30 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 157 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 157 2 most most RBS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 157 3 important important JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 157 4 feature feature NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 157 5 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 157 6 this this DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 157 7 approach approach NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 157 8 - - : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 157 9 that that WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 157 10 justifies justify VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 157 11 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 157 12 use use NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 157 13 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 157 14 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 157 15 term term NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 157 16 ' ' `` cord-348994-ly2fop7d 157 17 causal causal JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 157 18 inference'-is inference'-is UH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 157 19 that that IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 157 20 different different JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 157 21 areas area NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 157 22 are be VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 157 23 analyzed analyze VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 157 24 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 157 25 allow allow VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 157 26 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 157 27 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 157 28 assumption assumption NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 157 29 that that IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 157 30 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 157 31 intervention intervention NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 157 32 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 157 33 reduce reduce VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 157 34 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 157 35 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 157 36 certain certain JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 157 37 areas area NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 157 38 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 157 39 assessed assess VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 157 40 at at IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 157 41 random random JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 157 42 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 157 43 as as IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 157 44 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 157 45 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 157 46 hypothetical hypothetical JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 157 47 randomized randomized JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 157 48 experiment experiment NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 157 49 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 158 1 Thus thus RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 158 2 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 158 3 researchers researcher NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 158 4 " " `` cord-348994-ly2fop7d 158 5 anchored anchor VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 158 6 " " '' cord-348994-ly2fop7d 158 7 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 158 8 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 158 9 assessment assessment NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 158 10 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 158 11 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 158 12 estimates estimate NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 158 13 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 158 14 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 158 15 causal causal JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 158 16 consequences consequence NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 158 17 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 158 18 well well RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 158 19 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 158 20 defined define VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 158 21 interventions intervention NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 158 22 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 158 23 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 158 24 could could MD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 158 25 conclude conclude VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 158 26 that that IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 158 27 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 158 28 observed observed JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 158 29 health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 158 30 effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 158 31 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 158 32 observed observe VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 158 33 after after IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 158 34 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 158 35 intervention intervention NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 158 36 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 158 37 had have VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 158 38 diminished diminish VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 158 39 due due IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 158 40 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 158 41 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 158 42 given give VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 158 43 reduction reduction NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 158 44 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 158 45 concentrations concentration NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 158 46 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 159 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 159 2 new new JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 159 3 methods method NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 159 4 were be VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 159 5 applied apply VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 159 6 by by IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 159 7 Zigler Zigler NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 159 8 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 159 9 colleagues colleague NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 159 10 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 159 11 two two CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 159 12 case case NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 159 13 studies study NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 159 14 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 159 15 • • XX cord-348994-ly2fop7d 160 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 160 2 first first JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 160 3 one one NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 160 4 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 160 5 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 160 6 " " `` cord-348994-ly2fop7d 160 7 causal causal JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 160 8 " " '' cord-348994-ly2fop7d 160 9 health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 160 10 impact impact NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 160 11 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 160 12 mortality mortality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 160 13 - - : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 160 14 among among IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 160 15 Medicare Medicare NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 160 16 beneficiaries beneficiary NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 160 17 - - , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 160 18 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 160 19 areas area NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 160 20 which which WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 160 21 exceeded exceed VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 160 22 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 160 23 PM PM NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 160 24 10 10 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 160 25 limits limit NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 160 26 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 160 27 was be VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 160 28 compared compare VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 160 29 with with IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 160 30 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 160 31 mortality mortality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 160 32 rates rate NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 160 33 among among IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 160 34 Medicare Medicare NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 160 35 beneficiaries beneficiary NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 160 36 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 160 37 areas area NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 160 38 where where WRB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 160 39 PM pm NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 160 40 10 10 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 160 41 limits limit NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 160 42 were be VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 160 43 not not RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 160 44 reached reach VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 160 45 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 161 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 161 2 members member NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 161 3 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 161 4 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 161 5 first first JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 161 6 group group NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 161 7 were be VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 161 8 assumed assume VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 161 9 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 161 10 be be VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 161 11 randomly randomly RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 161 12 assigned assign VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 161 13 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 161 14 " " `` cord-348994-ly2fop7d 161 15 treatment treatment NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 161 16 " " '' cord-348994-ly2fop7d 161 17 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 161 18 after after IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 161 19 testing test VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 161 20 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 161 21 comparability comparability NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 161 22 with with IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 161 23 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 161 24 second second JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 161 25 group group NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 161 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 161 27 controls control NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 161 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 161 29 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 161 30 potential potential JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 161 31 confounders confounder NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 161 32 by by IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 161 33 using use VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 161 34 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 161 35 propensity propensity NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 161 36 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 161 37 score score NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 161 38 method method NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 161 39 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 162 1 In in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 162 2 other other JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 162 3 words word NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 162 4 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 162 5 this this DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 162 6 causal causal JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 162 7 approach approach NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 162 8 allows allow VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 162 9 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 162 10 consideration consideration NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 162 11 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 162 12 mortality mortality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 162 13 rates rate NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 162 14 among among IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 162 15 controls control NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 162 16 as as IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 162 17 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 162 18 mortality mortality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 162 19 that that WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 162 20 might may MD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 162 21 have have VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 162 22 occurred occur VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 162 23 among among IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 162 24 cases case NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 162 25 had have VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 162 26 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 162 27 area area NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 162 28 's 's POS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 162 29 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 162 30 been be VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 162 31 below below IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 162 32 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 162 33 PM PM NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 162 34 10 10 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 162 35 limit limit NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 162 36 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 163 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 163 2 second second JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 163 3 case case NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 163 4 study study NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 163 5 examined examine VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 163 6 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 163 7 extent extent NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 163 8 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 163 9 which which WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 163 10 sulfur sulfur NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 163 11 dioxide dioxide NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 163 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 163 13 SO so RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 163 14 2 2 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 163 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 163 16 affects affect VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 163 17 emissions emission NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 163 18 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 163 19 SO so RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 163 20 2 2 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 163 21 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 163 22 nitrogen nitrogen NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 163 23 oxides oxide NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 163 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 163 25 NO(x NO(x NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 163 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 163 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 163 28 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 163 29 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 163 30 carbon carbon NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 163 31 dioxide dioxide NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 163 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 163 33 CO CO NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 163 34 2 2 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 163 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 163 36 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 164 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 164 2 authors author NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 164 3 tested test VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 164 4 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 164 5 range range NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 164 6 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 164 7 scrubber scrubber NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 164 8 technologies technology NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 164 9 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 164 10 reduce reduce VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 164 11 multiple multiple JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 164 12 gaseous gaseous JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 164 13 pollutants pollutant NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 164 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 164 15 SO so RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 164 16 2 2 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 164 17 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 165 1 NO no DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 165 2 2 2 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 165 3 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 165 4 CO CO NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 165 5 2 2 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 165 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 165 7 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 165 8 emissions emission NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 165 9 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 165 10 outdoor outdoor JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 165 11 PM pm NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 166 1 2.5 2.5 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 166 2 concentrations concentration NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 166 3 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 166 4 areas area NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 166 5 where where WRB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 166 6 plants plant NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 166 7 were be VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 166 8 either either RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 166 9 equipped equip VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 166 10 with with IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 166 11 scrubbers scrubber NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 166 12 or or CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 166 13 were be VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 166 14 not not RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 166 15 so so RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 166 16 equipped equipped JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 166 17 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 167 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 167 2 causal causal JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 167 3 estimates estimate NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 167 4 were be VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 167 5 supported support VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 167 6 by by IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 167 7 applying apply VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 167 8 principal principal JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 167 9 stratification stratification NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 167 10 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 167 11 causal causal JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 167 12 mediation mediation NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 167 13 methods method NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 167 14 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 167 15 assess assess VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 167 16 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 167 17 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 167 18 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 167 19 while while IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 167 20 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 167 21 Bayesian bayesian JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 167 22 nonparametric nonparametric JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 167 23 method method NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 167 24 was be VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 167 25 used use VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 167 26 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 167 27 evaluate evaluate VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 167 28 whether whether IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 167 29 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 167 30 effect effect NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 167 31 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 167 32 PM PM NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 167 33 2.5 2.5 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 167 34 was be VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 167 35 really really RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 167 36 mediated mediate VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 167 37 by by IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 167 38 reducing reduce VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 167 39 gas gas NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 167 40 emissions emission NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 167 41 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 168 1 Scrubber scrubber NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 168 2 systems system NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 168 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 168 4 chemical chemical NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 168 5 or or CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 168 6 gas gas NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 168 7 scrubbers scrubber NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 168 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 168 9 control control VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 168 10 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 168 11 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 168 12 by by IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 168 13 removing remove VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 168 14 particulate particulate NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 168 15 matter matter NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 168 16 and/or and/or CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 168 17 gases gas NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 168 18 from from IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 168 19 industrial industrial JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 168 20 exhaust exhaust NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 168 21 streams stream NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 168 22 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 169 1 Propensity propensity NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 169 2 scores score NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 169 3 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 169 4 99 99 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 169 5 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 169 6 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 169 7 principal principal JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 169 8 stratification stratification NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 169 9 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 169 10 100 100 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 169 11 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 169 12 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 169 13 causal causal JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 169 14 mediation mediation NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 169 15 analysis analysis NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 169 16 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 169 17 101 101 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 169 18 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 169 19 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 169 20 spatial spatial JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 169 21 hierarchical hierarchical JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 169 22 models model NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 169 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 169 24 102 102 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 169 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 169 26 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 169 27 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 169 28 Bayesian bayesian JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 169 29 estimation estimation NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 169 30 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 169 31 103 103 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 169 32 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 169 33 are be VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 169 34 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 169 35 methods method NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 169 36 that that WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 169 37 support support VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 169 38 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 169 39 allow allow VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 169 40 us -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 169 41 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 169 42 evaluate evaluate VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 169 43 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 169 44 causal causal JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 169 45 relationship relationship NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 169 46 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 169 47 98 98 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 169 48 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 169 49 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 170 1 By by IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 170 2 grounding ground VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 170 3 accountability accountability NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 170 4 research research NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 170 5 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 170 6 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 170 7 potential potential JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 170 8 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 170 9 outcome outcome NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 170 10 framework framework NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 170 11 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 170 12 applying apply VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 170 13 these these DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 170 14 methods method NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 170 15 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 170 16 national national JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 170 17 data data NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 170 18 sets set NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 170 19 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 170 20 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 170 21 authors author NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 170 22 provide provide VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 170 23 additional additional JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 170 24 evidence evidence NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 170 25 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 170 26 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 170 27 health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 170 28 effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 170 29 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 170 30 long long JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 170 31 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 170 32 term term NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 170 33 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 170 34 large large JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 170 35 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 170 36 scale scale NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 170 37 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 170 38 quality quality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 170 39 regulations regulation NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 170 40 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 171 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 171 2 experiences experience NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 171 3 briefly briefly RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 171 4 presented present VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 171 5 above above RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 171 6 remind remind VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 171 7 us -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 171 8 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 171 9 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 171 10 difficulties difficulty NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 171 11 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 171 12 this this DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 171 13 discussion discussion NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 171 14 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 172 1 If if IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 172 2 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 172 3 from from IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 172 4 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 172 5 scientific scientific JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 172 6 point point NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 172 7 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 172 8 view view NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 172 9 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 172 10 it -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 172 11 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 172 12 always always RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 172 13 possible possible JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 172 14 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 172 15 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 172 16 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 172 17 improve improve VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 172 18 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 172 19 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 172 20 available available JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 172 21 knowledge knowledge NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 172 22 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 172 23 as as IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 172 24 was be VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 172 25 done do VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 172 26 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 172 27 developing develop VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 172 28 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 172 29 first first JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 172 30 studies study NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 172 31 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 172 32 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 172 33 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 172 34 effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 172 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 172 36 see see VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 172 37 above above IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 172 38 pp pp NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 172 39 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 173 1 5 5 LS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 173 2 - - SYM cord-348994-ly2fop7d 173 3 7 7 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 173 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 173 5 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 173 6 from from IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 173 7 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 173 8 public public JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 173 9 heath heath NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 173 10 point point NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 173 11 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 173 12 view view NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 173 13 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 173 14 taking take VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 173 15 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 173 16 decision decision NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 173 17 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 173 18 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 173 19 basis basis NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 173 20 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 173 21 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 173 22 contemporaneously contemporaneously RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 173 23 available available JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 173 24 knowledge knowledge NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 173 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 173 26 as as IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 173 27 it -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 173 28 was be VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 173 29 done do VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 173 30 at at IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 173 31 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 173 32 end end NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 173 33 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 173 34 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 173 35 20th 20th JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 173 36 century century NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 173 37 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 173 38 both both CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 173 39 Europe Europe NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 173 40 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 173 41 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 173 42 USA USA NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 173 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 173 44 would would MD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 173 45 be be VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 173 46 at at IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 173 47 times time NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 173 48 desirable desirable JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 173 49 or or CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 173 50 even even RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 173 51 necessary necessary JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 173 52 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 174 1 Epidemiologists epidemiologist NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 174 2 have have VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 174 3 expressed express VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 174 4 doubts doubt NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 174 5 about about IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 174 6 policy policy NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 174 7 indecision indecision NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 174 8 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 174 9 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 174 10 face face NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 174 11 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 174 12 clear clear JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 174 13 scientific scientific JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 174 14 evidences evidence NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 174 15 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 174 16 104 104 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 174 17 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 174 18 105 105 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 174 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 174 20 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 175 1 On on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 175 2 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 175 3 other other JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 175 4 hand hand NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 175 5 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 175 6 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 175 7 problems problem NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 175 8 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 175 9 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 175 10 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 175 11 92 92 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 175 12 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 175 13 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 175 14 verification verification NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 175 15 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 175 16 hypothesis hypothesis NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 175 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 175 18 89 89 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 175 19 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 175 20 90 90 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 175 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 175 22 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 175 23 heterogeneity heterogeneity NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 175 24 still still RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 175 25 affect affect VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 175 26 important important JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 175 27 studies study NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 175 28 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 176 1 Uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 176 2 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 176 3 due due JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 176 4 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 176 5 errors error NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 176 6 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 176 7 estimating estimate VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 176 8 mean mean JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 176 9 values value NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 176 10 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 176 11 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 176 12 population population NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 176 13 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 176 14 especially especially RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 176 15 when when WRB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 176 16 parts part NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 176 17 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 176 18 it -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 176 19 are be VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 176 20 commuters commuter NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 176 21 ; ; : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 176 22 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 176 23 may may MD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 176 24 have have VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 176 25 multiple multiple JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 176 26 explanatory explanatory JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 176 27 factors factor NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 176 28 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 176 29 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 176 30 currently currently RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 176 31 quantified quantify VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 176 32 by by IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 176 33 Montecarlo Montecarlo NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 176 34 simulation simulation NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 176 35 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 176 36 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 176 37 statistical statistical JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 176 38 technique technique NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 176 39 requiring require VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 176 40 many many JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 176 41 assumptions assumption NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 176 42 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 177 1 Interventions intervention NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 177 2 implemented implement VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 177 3 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 177 4 reduce reduce VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 177 5 traffic traffic NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 177 6 have have VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 177 7 not not RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 177 8 achieved achieve VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 177 9 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 177 10 expected expect VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 177 11 results result NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 177 12 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 177 13 but but CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 177 14 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 177 15 verification verification NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 177 16 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 177 17 this this DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 177 18 hypothesis hypothesis NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 177 19 could could MD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 177 20 rely rely VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 177 21 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 177 22 many many JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 177 23 factors factor NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 177 24 not not RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 177 25 considered consider VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 177 26 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 177 27 carrying carry VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 177 28 out out RP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 177 29 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 177 30 interventions intervention NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 177 31 such such JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 177 32 as as IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 177 33 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 177 34 spatial spatial JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 177 35 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 177 36 temporal temporal JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 177 37 variability variability NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 177 38 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 177 39 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 177 40 similar similar JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 177 41 " " `` cord-348994-ly2fop7d 177 42 preventive preventive JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 177 43 " " '' cord-348994-ly2fop7d 177 44 intervention intervention NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 177 45 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 178 1 Heterogeneity heterogeneity NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 178 2 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 178 3 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 178 4 first first JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 178 5 recognized recognize VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 178 6 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 178 7 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 178 8 multicity multicity NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 178 9 studies study NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 178 10 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 178 11 has have VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 178 12 been be VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 178 13 partly partly RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 178 14 explained explain VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 178 15 by by IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 178 16 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 178 17 different different JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 178 18 composition composition NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 178 19 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 178 20 particulate particulate NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 178 21 matter matter NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 178 22 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 178 23 different different JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 178 24 areas area NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 178 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 178 26 106 106 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 178 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 178 28 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 178 29 or or CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 178 30 controlled control VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 178 31 by by IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 178 32 using use VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 178 33 hierarchical hierarchical JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 178 34 Bayesian bayesian JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 178 35 models model NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 178 36 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 178 37 combine combine VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 178 38 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 178 39 city city NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 178 40 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 178 41 specific specific JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 178 42 estimates estimate NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 178 43 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 178 44 107 107 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 178 45 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 179 1 but but CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 179 2 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 179 3 discussion discussion NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 179 4 about about IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 179 5 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 179 6 assumptions assumption NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 179 7 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 179 8 these these DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 179 9 models model NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 179 10 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 179 11 still still RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 179 12 open open JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 179 13 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 179 14 108 108 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 179 15 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 179 16 109 109 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 179 17 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 179 18 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 180 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 180 2 can can MD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 180 3 but but CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 180 4 wish wish VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 180 5 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 180 6 increasingly increasingly RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 180 7 well well RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 180 8 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 180 9 defined define VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 180 10 research research NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 180 11 questions question NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 180 12 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 180 13 more more JJR cord-348994-ly2fop7d 180 14 accountability accountability NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 180 15 studies study NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 180 16 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 180 17 further further JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 180 18 improvements improvement NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 180 19 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 180 20 research research NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 180 21 methods method NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 180 22 so so IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 180 23 as as IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 180 24 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 180 25 provide provide VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 180 26 more more RBR cord-348994-ly2fop7d 180 27 solid solid JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 180 28 answers answer NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 180 29 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 180 30 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 180 31 scientific scientific JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 180 32 questions question NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 180 33 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 180 34 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 180 35 policy policy NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 180 36 indecision indecision NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 180 37 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 181 1 Meanwhile meanwhile RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 181 2 we -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 181 3 would would MD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 181 4 like like VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 181 5 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 181 6 go go VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 181 7 back back RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 181 8 here here RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 181 9 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 181 10 what what WP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 181 11 Pope Pope NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 181 12 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 181 13 Dockery Dockery NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 181 14 wrote write VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 181 15 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 181 16 2006 2006 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 181 17 about about IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 181 18 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 181 19 effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 181 20 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 181 21 fine fine JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 181 22 particulate particulate NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 181 23 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 181 24 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 181 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 181 26 53 53 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 181 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 181 28 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 182 1 " " `` cord-348994-ly2fop7d 182 2 Despite despite IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 182 3 important important JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 182 4 gaps gap NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 182 5 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 182 6 scientific scientific JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 182 7 knowledge knowledge NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 182 8 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 182 9 continued continue VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 182 10 reasons reason NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 182 11 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 182 12 some some DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 182 13 skepticism skepticism NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 182 14 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 182 15 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 182 16 comprehensive comprehensive JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 182 17 evaluation evaluation NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 182 18 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 182 19 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 182 20 research research NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 182 21 findings finding NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 182 22 provides provide VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 182 23 persuasive persuasive JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 182 24 evidence evidence NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 182 25 that that IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 182 26 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 182 27 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 182 28 fine fine JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 182 29 particulate particulate NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 182 30 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 182 31 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 182 32 has have VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 182 33 adverse adverse JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 182 34 effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 182 35 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 182 36 cardiopulmonary cardiopulmonary JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 182 37 health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 182 38 " " '' cord-348994-ly2fop7d 182 39 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 183 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 183 2 accountability accountability NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 183 3 studies study NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 183 4 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 183 5 as as IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 183 6 we -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 183 7 saw see VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 183 8 before before RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 183 9 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 183 10 arose arise VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 183 11 as as IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 183 12 an an DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 183 13 attempt attempt NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 183 14 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 183 15 " " `` cord-348994-ly2fop7d 183 16 evaluate evaluate VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 183 17 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 183 18 extent extent NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 183 19 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 183 20 which which WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 183 21 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 183 22 quality quality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 183 23 regulations regulation NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 183 24 improve improve VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 183 25 public public JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 183 26 health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 183 27 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 183 28 assess assess VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 183 29 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 183 30 performance performance NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 183 31 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 183 32 all all DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 183 33 environmental environmental JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 183 34 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 183 35 policies policy NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 183 36 " " '' cord-348994-ly2fop7d 183 37 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 183 38 20 20 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 183 39 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 183 40 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 184 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 184 2 return return VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 184 3 now now RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 184 4 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 184 5 this this DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 184 6 first first JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 184 7 mission mission NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 184 8 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 184 9 accountability accountability NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 184 10 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 184 11 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 184 12 reconsider reconsider VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 184 13 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 184 14 strengths strength NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 184 15 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 184 16 weaknesses weakness NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 184 17 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 185 1 Three three CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 185 2 fundamental fundamental JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 185 3 steps step NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 185 4 were be VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 185 5 identified identify VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 185 6 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 185 7 evaluating evaluate VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 185 8 these these DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 185 9 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 185 10 policies policy NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 185 11 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 185 12 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 185 13 logical logical JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 185 14 sequence sequence NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 185 15 they -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 185 16 are be VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 185 17 as as IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 185 18 follows follow VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 185 19 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 185 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 185 21 1 1 LS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 185 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 185 23 reducing reduce VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 185 24 emissions emission NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 185 25 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 185 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 185 27 2 2 LS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 185 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 185 29 improving improve VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 185 30 ambient ambient JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 185 31 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 185 32 quality quality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 185 33 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 185 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 185 35 3 3 LS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 185 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 185 37 reducing reduce VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 185 38 adverse adverse JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 185 39 health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 185 40 effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 185 41 ; ; : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 185 42 we -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 185 43 could could MD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 185 44 summarize summarize VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 185 45 these these DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 185 46 steps step NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 185 47 as as IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 185 48 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 185 49 impact impact NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 185 50 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 185 51 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 185 52 quality quality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 185 53 improvement improvement NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 185 54 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 185 55 public public JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 185 56 health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 185 57 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 186 1 A a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 186 2 few few JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 186 3 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 186 4 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 186 5 most most RBS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 186 6 important important JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 186 7 accountability accountability NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 186 8 studies study NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 186 9 which which WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 186 10 applied apply VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 186 11 these these DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 186 12 criteria criterion NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 186 13 are be VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 186 14 reported report VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 186 15 as as IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 186 16 follows follow VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 186 17 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 186 18 1 1 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 186 19 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 187 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 187 2 ban ban NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 187 3 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 187 4 coal coal NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 187 5 sales sale NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 187 6 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 187 7 Dublin Dublin NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 187 8 was be VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 187 9 followed follow VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 187 10 by by IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 187 11 an an DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 187 12 important important JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 187 13 decrease decrease NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 187 14 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 187 15 black black JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 187 16 smoke smoke NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 187 17 concentrations concentration NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 187 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 187 19 70 70 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 187 20 % % NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 187 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 187 22 ; ; , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 187 23 natural natural JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 187 24 mortality mortality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 187 25 decreased decrease VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 187 26 by by IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 187 27 5.7 5.7 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 187 28 % % NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 187 29 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 187 30 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 187 31 mortality mortality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 187 32 by by IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 187 33 15.5 15.5 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 187 34 % % NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 187 35 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 187 36 cardiovascular cardiovascular JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 187 37 mortality mortality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 187 38 by by IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 187 39 10.3 10.3 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 187 40 % % NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 187 41 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 187 42 110 110 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 187 43 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 187 44 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 188 1 Reducing reduce VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 188 2 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 188 3 sulfur sulfur NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 188 4 content content NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 188 5 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 188 6 fuel fuel NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 188 7 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 188 8 Hong Hong NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 188 9 Kong Kong NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 188 10 was be VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 188 11 followed follow VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 188 12 by by IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 188 13 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 188 14 substantial substantial JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 188 15 reduction reduction NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 188 16 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 188 17 seasonal seasonal JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 188 18 deaths death NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 188 19 during during IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 188 20 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 188 21 first first JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 188 22 12 12 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 188 23 months month NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 188 24 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 188 25 followed follow VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 188 26 by by IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 188 27 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 188 28 peak peak NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 188 29 death death NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 188 30 rate rate NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 188 31 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 188 32 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 188 33 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 188 34 cool cool JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 188 35 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 188 36 season season NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 188 37 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 189 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 189 2 seemed seem VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 189 3 that that IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 189 4 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 189 5 intervention intervention NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 189 6 led lead VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 189 7 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 189 8 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 189 9 significant significant JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 189 10 decline decline NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 189 11 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 189 12 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 189 13 annual annual JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 189 14 trend trend NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 189 15 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 189 16 deaths death NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 189 17 from from IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 189 18 all all DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 189 19 causes cause NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 189 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 189 21 2.1 2.1 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 189 22 % % NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 189 23 ; ; : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 189 24 p p NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 189 25 = = SYM cord-348994-ly2fop7d 189 26 0.001 0.001 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 189 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 189 28 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 189 29 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 189 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 189 31 3.9 3.9 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 189 32 % % NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 189 33 ; ; : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 189 34 p p NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 189 35 = = SYM cord-348994-ly2fop7d 189 36 0.0014 0.0014 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 189 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 189 38 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 189 39 cardiovascular cardiovascular JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 189 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 189 41 2.0 2.0 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 189 42 % % NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 189 43 ; ; : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 189 44 p p NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 189 45 = = SYM cord-348994-ly2fop7d 189 46 0.0214 0.0214 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 189 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 189 48 diseases disease NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 189 49 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 189 50 but but CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 189 51 not not RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 189 52 from from IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 189 53 other other JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 189 54 causes cause NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 189 55 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 190 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 190 2 average average JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 190 3 gain gain NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 190 4 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 190 5 life life NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 190 6 expectancy expectancy NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 190 7 attendant attendant NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 190 8 upon upon IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 190 9 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 190 10 lower low JJR cord-348994-ly2fop7d 190 11 pollutant pollutant NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 190 12 concentration concentration NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 190 13 was be VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 190 14 20 20 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 190 15 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 190 16 41 41 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 190 17 days day NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 190 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 190 19 111 111 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 190 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 190 21 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 191 1 Some some DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 191 2 measures measure NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 191 3 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 191 4 reduce reduce VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 191 5 traffic traffic NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 191 6 were be VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 191 7 implemented implement VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 191 8 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 191 9 more more JJR cord-348994-ly2fop7d 191 10 than than IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 191 11 one one CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 191 12 situation situation NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 191 13 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 192 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 192 2 results result NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 192 3 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 192 4 these these DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 192 5 cases case NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 192 6 are be VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 192 7 conclusive conclusive JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 192 8 as as IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 192 9 regards regard NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 192 10 neither neither CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 192 11 exposures exposure NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 192 12 nor nor CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 192 13 health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 192 14 effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 192 15 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 193 1 Among among IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 193 2 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 193 3 initial initial JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 193 4 studies study NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 193 5 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 193 6 those those DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 193 7 carried carry VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 193 8 out out RP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 193 9 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 193 10 Atlanta Atlanta NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 193 11 during during IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 193 12 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 193 13 Olympic olympic JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 193 14 games game NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 193 15 have have VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 193 16 produced produce VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 193 17 contradictory contradictory JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 193 18 results result NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 193 19 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 194 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 194 2 first first JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 194 3 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 194 4 112 112 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 194 5 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 194 6 found find VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 194 7 promising promising JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 194 8 evidence evidence NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 194 9 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 194 10 as as IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 194 11 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 194 12 decreased decrease VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 194 13 led lead VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 194 14 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 194 15 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 194 16 prolonged prolong VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 194 17 reduction reduction NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 194 18 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 194 19 ozone ozone NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 194 20 levels level NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 194 21 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 194 22 lower low JJR cord-348994-ly2fop7d 194 23 rates rate NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 194 24 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 194 25 childhood childhood NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 194 26 asthma asthma NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 194 27 events event NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 194 28 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 195 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 195 2 other other JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 195 3 study study NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 195 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 195 5 113 113 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 195 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 195 7 instead instead RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 195 8 found find VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 195 9 that that IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 195 10 meteorological meteorological JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 195 11 conditions condition NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 195 12 contributed contribute VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 195 13 significantly significantly RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 195 14 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 195 15 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 195 16 reduction reduction NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 195 17 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 195 18 ozone ozone NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 195 19 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 195 20 emergency emergency NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 195 21 department department NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 195 22 visits visit NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 195 23 did do VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 195 24 not not RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 195 25 decrease decrease VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 195 26 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 195 27 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 195 28 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 195 29 strategy strategy NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 195 30 adopted adopt VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 195 31 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 195 32 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 195 33 occasion occasion NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 195 34 would would MD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 195 35 not not RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 195 36 be be VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 195 37 sustainable sustainable JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 195 38 beyond beyond IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 195 39 that that DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 195 40 exceptional exceptional JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 195 41 event event NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 195 42 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 196 1 In in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 196 2 contrast contrast NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 196 3 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 196 4 both both CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 196 5 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 196 6 studies study NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 196 7 carried carry VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 196 8 out out RP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 196 9 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 196 10 London London NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 196 11 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 196 12 assess assess VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 196 13 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 196 14 impact impact NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 196 15 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 196 16 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 196 17 congestion congestion NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 196 18 charging charge VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 196 19 scheme scheme NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 196 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 196 21 CCS CCS NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 196 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 196 23 did do VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 196 24 not not RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 196 25 find find VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 196 26 conclusive conclusive JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 196 27 results result NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 196 28 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 197 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 197 2 first first JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 197 3 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 197 4 appearing appear VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 197 5 five five CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 197 6 years year NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 197 7 after after IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 197 8 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 197 9 introduction introduction NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 197 10 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 197 11 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 197 12 CCS CCS NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 197 13 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 197 14 showed show VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 197 15 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 197 16 modest modest JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 197 17 benefit benefit NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 197 18 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 197 19 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 197 20 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 197 21 levels level NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 197 22 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 197 23 life life NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 197 24 expectancy expectancy NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 197 25 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 198 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 198 2 explanation explanation NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 198 3 given give VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 198 4 was be VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 198 5 that that IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 198 6 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 198 7 greater great JJR cord-348994-ly2fop7d 198 8 reductions reduction NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 198 9 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 198 10 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 198 11 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 198 12 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 198 13 deprived deprive VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 198 14 areas area NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 198 15 have have VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 198 16 had have VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 198 17 only only RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 198 18 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 198 19 small small JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 198 20 impact impact NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 198 21 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 198 22 counteracting counteract VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 198 23 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 198 24 socioeconomic socioeconomic JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 198 25 inequalities inequality NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 198 26 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 198 27 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 198 28 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 198 29 mortality mortality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 198 30 rates rate NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 198 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 198 32 114 114 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 198 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 198 34 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 199 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 199 2 second second JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 199 3 study study NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 199 4 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 199 5 published publish VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 199 6 eight eight CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 199 7 years year NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 199 8 after after IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 199 9 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 199 10 introduction introduction NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 199 11 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 199 12 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 199 13 CCS CCS NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 199 14 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 199 15 deals deal NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 199 16 with with IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 199 17 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 199 18 oxidative oxidative JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 199 19 potential potential NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 199 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 199 21 OP op NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 199 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 199 23 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 199 24 PM PM NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 199 25 as as IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 199 26 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 199 27 parameter parameter NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 199 28 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 199 29 traffic traffic NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 199 30 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 199 31 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 200 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 200 2 shows show VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 200 3 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 200 4 remarkable remarkable JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 200 5 variation variation NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 200 6 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 200 7 OP OP NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 200 8 between between IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 200 9 roadside roadside NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 200 10 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 200 11 urban urban JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 200 12 background background NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 200 13 locations location NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 200 14 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 200 15 which which WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 200 16 was be VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 200 17 attributed attribute VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 200 18 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 200 19 varying vary VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 200 20 PM pm NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 200 21 components component NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 200 22 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 201 1 This this DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 201 2 result result NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 201 3 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 201 4 consistent consistent JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 201 5 with with IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 201 6 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 201 7 increased increase VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 201 8 vehicle vehicle NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 201 9 use use NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 201 10 throughout throughout IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 201 11 London London NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 201 12 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 201 13 recent recent JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 201 14 years year NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 201 15 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 201 16 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 201 17 decreased decrease VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 201 18 number number NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 201 19 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 201 20 vehicles vehicle NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 201 21 entering enter VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 201 22 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 201 23 CCS CCS NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 201 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 201 25 115 115 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 201 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 201 27 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 1 Another another DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 2 well well RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 3 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 4 conducted conduct VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 5 study study NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 6 evaluates evaluate VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 7 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 8 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 9 several several JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 10 Dutch dutch JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 11 cities city NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 12 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 13 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 14 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 15 quality quality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 16 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 17 health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 18 effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 19 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 20 local local JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 21 traffic traffic NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 22 policies policy NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 23 including include VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 24 low low JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 25 emission emission NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 26 zones zone NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 27 ; ; : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 28 however however RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 29 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 30 apart apart RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 31 from from IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 32 one one CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 33 urban urban JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 34 street street NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 35 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 36 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 37 Hague Hague NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 38 where where WRB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 39 traffic traffic NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 40 flow flow NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 41 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 42 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 43 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 44 were be VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 45 drastically drastically RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 46 reduced reduce VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 47 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 48 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 49 study study NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 50 did do VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 51 not not RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 52 find find VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 53 that that IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 54 " " `` cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 55 reductions reduction NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 56 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 57 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 58 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 59 related relate VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 60 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 61 abatement abatement NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 62 policies policy NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 63 lead lead VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 64 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 65 actual actual JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 66 improvements improvement NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 67 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 68 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 69 function function NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 70 " " '' cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 71 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 72 116 116 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 73 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 202 74 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 2 experience experience NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 3 that that IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 4 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 5 world world NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 6 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 7 currently currently RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 8 facing face VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 9 thanks thank NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 10 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 11 Covid-19 covid-19 VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 12 reduces reduce VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 13 mobility mobility NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 14 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 15 worldwide worldwide RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 16 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 17 simultaneously simultaneously RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 18 - - : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 19 as as IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 20 regards regard NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 21 both both CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 22 long long JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 23 distance distance NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 24 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 25 local local JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 26 urban urban JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 27 traffic traffic NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 28 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 29 thus thus RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 30 offering offer VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 31 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 32 framework framework NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 33 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 34 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 35 " " `` cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 36 natural natural JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 37 " " '' cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 38 experiment experiment NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 39 which which WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 40 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 41 Health Health NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 42 Effect Effect NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 43 Institute Institute NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 44 also also RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 45 suggested suggest VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 46 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 47 study study VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 48 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 49 117 117 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 50 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 51 more more RBR cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 52 specifically specifically RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 53 about about IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 54 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 55 health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 56 effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 57 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 58 reducing reduce VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 59 traffic traffic NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 60 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 61 long long JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 62 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 63 distance distance NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 64 transports transport NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 203 65 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 1 What what WP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 2 has have VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 3 emerged emerge VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 4 until until IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 5 now now RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 6 are be VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 7 few few JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 8 points point NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 9 which which WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 10 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 11 however however RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 12 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 13 support support VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 14 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 15 hypothesis hypothesis NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 16 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 17 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 18 natural natural JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 19 experiment experiment NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 20 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 21 such such JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 22 as as IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 23 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 24 reduction reduction NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 25 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 26 particulate particulate NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 27 matter matter NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 28 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 29 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 30 atmosphere atmosphere NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 31 during during IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 32 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 33 pandemic pandemic NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 34 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 35 118 118 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 36 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 37 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 38 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 39 association association NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 40 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 41 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 42 pollutants pollutant NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 43 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 44 PM PM NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 45 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 46 NO no DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 47 2 2 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 48 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 49 O o NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 50 3 3 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 52 with with IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 53 an an DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 54 increased increase VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 55 risk risk NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 56 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 57 Covid-19 covid-19 JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 58 infection infection NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 59 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 60 119 119 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 61 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 62 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 63 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 64 possible possible JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 65 role role NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 66 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 67 transmission transmission NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 68 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 69 severe severe JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 70 Covid-19 covid-19 JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 71 infections infection NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 72 by by IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 73 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 74 pollutants pollutant NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 75 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 76 120 120 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 77 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 204 78 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 205 1 Some some DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 205 2 people people NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 205 3 would would MD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 205 4 like like VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 205 5 causal causal JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 205 6 accountability accountability NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 205 7 studies study NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 205 8 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 205 9 support support VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 205 10 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 205 11 more more RBR cord-348994-ly2fop7d 205 12 effective effective JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 205 13 political political JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 205 14 interventions intervention NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 205 15 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 205 16 thus thus RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 205 17 replace replace VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 205 18 traditional traditional JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 205 19 assessment assessment NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 205 20 which which WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 205 21 would would MD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 205 22 be be VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 205 23 based base VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 205 24 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 205 25 expensive expensive JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 205 26 studies study NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 205 27 about about IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 205 28 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 205 29 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 205 30 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 205 31 response response NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 205 32 relationship relationship NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 205 33 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 205 34 estimating estimate VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 205 35 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 205 36 burden burden NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 205 37 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 205 38 diseases disease NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 205 39 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 205 40 93 93 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 205 41 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 205 42 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 206 1 But but CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 206 2 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 206 3 authors author NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 206 4 themselves -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 206 5 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 206 6 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 206 7 causal causal JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 206 8 accountability accountability NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 206 9 studies study NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 206 10 have have VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 206 11 concluded conclude VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 206 12 that that IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 206 13 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 206 14 methods method NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 206 15 are be VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 206 16 " " `` cord-348994-ly2fop7d 206 17 an an DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 206 18 important important JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 206 19 addition addition NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 206 20 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 206 21 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 206 22 toolkit toolkit NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 206 23 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 206 24 should should MD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 206 25 continue continue VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 206 26 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 206 27 be be VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 206 28 further further RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 206 29 explored explore VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 206 30 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 206 31 but but CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 206 32 can can MD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 206 33 not not RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 206 34 wholly wholly RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 206 35 substitute substitute VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 206 36 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 206 37 accountability accountability NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 206 38 assessments assessment NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 206 39 that that WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 206 40 rely rely VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 206 41 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 206 42 evidence evidence NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 206 43 from from IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 206 44 other other JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 206 45 scientific scientific JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 206 46 methods method NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 206 47 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 206 48 including include VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 206 49 more more JJR cord-348994-ly2fop7d 206 50 traditional traditional JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 206 51 epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 206 52 analyses analysis NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 206 53 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 207 1 " " `` cord-348994-ly2fop7d 207 2 In in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 207 3 general general JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 207 4 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 207 5 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 207 6 impact impact NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 207 7 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 207 8 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 207 9 interventions intervention NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 207 10 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 207 11 public public JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 207 12 health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 207 13 should should MD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 207 14 be be VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 207 15 maintained maintain VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 207 16 both both DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 207 17 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 207 18 verify verify VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 207 19 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 207 20 full full JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 207 21 achievement achievement NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 207 22 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 207 23 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 207 24 results result NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 207 25 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 207 26 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 207 27 identify identify VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 207 28 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 207 29 potential potential JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 207 30 necessary necessary JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 207 31 corrections correction NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 207 32 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 207 33 since since IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 207 34 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 207 35 process process NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 207 36 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 207 37 accountability accountability NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 207 38 involves involve VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 207 39 so so RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 207 40 many many JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 207 41 scientific scientific JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 207 42 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 207 43 administrative administrative JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 207 44 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 207 45 political political JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 207 46 institutions institution NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 207 47 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 208 1 In in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 208 2 addition addition NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 208 3 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 208 4 it -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 208 5 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 208 6 possible possible JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 208 7 that that IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 208 8 many many JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 208 9 interventions intervention NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 208 10 together together RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 208 11 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 208 12 or or CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 208 13 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 208 14 sequence sequence NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 208 15 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 208 16 are be VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 208 17 needed need VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 208 18 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 208 19 reduce reduce VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 208 20 pollutants pollutant NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 208 21 or or CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 208 22 that that IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 208 23 they -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 208 24 require require VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 208 25 more more JJR cord-348994-ly2fop7d 208 26 time time NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 208 27 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 208 28 exert exert VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 208 29 effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 208 30 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 208 31 total total JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 208 32 population population NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 208 33 health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 208 34 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 208 35 so so RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 208 36 on on RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 208 37 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 209 1 This this DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 209 2 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 209 3 well well RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 209 4 evidenced evidence VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 209 5 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 209 6 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 209 7 not not RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 209 8 very very RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 209 9 recent recent JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 209 10 paper paper NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 209 11 which which WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 209 12 anticipated anticipate VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 209 13 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 209 14 importance importance NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 209 15 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 209 16 longer long JJR cord-348994-ly2fop7d 209 17 term term NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 209 18 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 209 19 wide wide RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 209 20 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 209 21 ranging range VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 209 22 actions action NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 209 23 or or CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 209 24 events event NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 209 25 such such JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 209 26 as as IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 209 27 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 209 28 complex complex JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 209 29 changes change NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 209 30 associated associate VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 209 31 with with IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 209 32 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 209 33 reunification reunification NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 209 34 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 209 35 Germany Germany NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 209 36 [ [ -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 209 37 121 121 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 209 38 ] ] -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 209 39 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 210 1 This this DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 210 2 approach approach NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 210 3 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 210 4 also also RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 210 5 evocative evocative JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 210 6 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 210 7 experiments experiment NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 210 8 that that WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 210 9 respect respect VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 210 10 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 210 11 natural natural JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 210 12 times time NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 210 13 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 210 14 changes change NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 210 15 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 211 1 Both both DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 211 2 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 211 3 kind kind NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 211 4 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 211 5 accountability accountability NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 211 6 that that WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 211 7 assesses assess VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 211 8 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 211 9 regulations regulation NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 211 10 already already RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 211 11 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 211 12 place place NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 211 13 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 211 14 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 211 15 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 211 16 causal causal JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 211 17 accountability accountability NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 211 18 approach approach NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 211 19 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 211 20 which which WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 211 21 promises promise VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 211 22 stronger strong JJR cord-348994-ly2fop7d 211 23 support support NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 211 24 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 211 25 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 211 26 future future JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 211 27 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 211 28 quality quality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 211 29 scenarios scenario NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 211 30 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 211 31 might may MD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 211 32 be be VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 211 33 necessary necessary JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 211 34 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 211 35 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 211 36 long long JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 211 37 time time NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 211 38 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 211 39 _SP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 212 1 Modern modern JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 213 1 Epidemiology Epidemiology NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 213 2 A a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 213 3 dictionary dictionary NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 213 4 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 213 5 epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 213 6 Essentials Essentials NNPS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 213 7 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 213 8 Medical Medical NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 213 9 Statistics Statistics NNPS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 214 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 214 2 occurrence occurrence NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 214 3 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 214 4 lung lung NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 214 5 cancer cancer NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 214 6 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 214 7 man man NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 214 8 Conceptual conceptual JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 214 9 problems problem NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 214 10 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 214 11 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 214 12 definition definition NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 214 13 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 214 14 interpretation interpretation NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 214 15 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 214 16 attributable attributable JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 214 17 fractions fraction NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 215 1 An an DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 215 2 Overview Overview NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 215 3 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 215 4 Methods Methods NNPS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 215 5 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 215 6 Calculating calculate VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 215 7 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 215 8 Burden Burden NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 215 9 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 215 10 Disease Disease NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 215 11 Due Due NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 215 12 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 215 13 Specific specific JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 215 14 Risk risk NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 215 15 Factors factor NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 215 16 Concepts concept NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 215 17 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 215 18 pitfalls pitfall NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 215 19 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 215 20 measuring measure VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 215 21 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 215 22 interpreting interpret VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 215 23 attributable attributable JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 215 24 fractions fraction NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 215 25 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 215 26 prevented prevent VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 215 27 fractions fraction NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 215 28 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 215 29 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 215 30 causation causation NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 215 31 probabilities probability NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 215 32 World World NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 215 33 Health Health NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 215 34 Organisation Organisation NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 215 35 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 216 1 Health Health NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 216 2 Impact Impact NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 216 3 Assessment Assessment NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 216 4 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 217 1 Main main JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 217 2 Concepts concept NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 217 3 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 217 4 Suggested suggest VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 217 5 Approach Approach NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 217 6 Health Health NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 217 7 Risk Risk NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 217 8 Assessment Assessment NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 217 9 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 217 10 Basic Basic NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 217 11 Information Information NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 217 12 Global Global NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 217 13 estimates estimate NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 217 14 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 217 15 mortality mortality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 217 16 associated associate VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 217 17 with with IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 217 18 long long JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 217 19 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 217 20 term term NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 217 21 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 217 22 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 217 23 outdoor outdoor JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 217 24 fine fine JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 217 25 particulate particulate NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 217 26 matter matter NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 217 27 Health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 217 28 impact impact NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 217 29 assessment assessment NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 217 30 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 217 31 urban urban JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 217 32 development development NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 217 33 projects project NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 217 34 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 217 35 France France NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 217 36 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 218 1 Finding find VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 218 2 pathways pathway NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 218 3 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 218 4 fit fit VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 218 5 practice practice NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 218 6 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 218 7 context context NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 218 8 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 219 1 Glob glob NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 219 2 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 220 1 Health Health NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 220 2 Promot Promot NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 220 3 Environmental Environmental NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 220 4 Impacts Impacts NNPS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 220 5 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 220 6 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 220 7 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 220 8 Health Health NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 220 9 Care Care NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 220 10 System System NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 220 11 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 220 12 Effects Effects NNPS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 220 13 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 220 14 Public Public NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 220 15 Health Health NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 221 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 221 2 Impact Impact NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 221 3 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 221 4 Isoniazid Isoniazid NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 221 5 Resistance Resistance NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 221 6 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 221 7 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 221 8 Treatment Treatment NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 221 9 Outcomes Outcomes NNPS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 221 10 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 221 11 Smear smear VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 221 12 Positive Positive NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 221 13 Re re NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 221 14 - - NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 221 15 Treatment treatment NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 221 16 Tuberculosis Tuberculosis NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 221 17 Patients Patients NNPS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 221 18 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 221 19 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 221 20 State State NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 221 21 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 221 22 Andhra Andhra NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 221 23 Pradesh Pradesh NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 221 24 Risk Risk NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 221 25 prediction prediction NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 221 26 models model NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 221 27 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 221 28 II II NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 221 29 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 222 1 External external JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 222 2 validation validation NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 222 3 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 222 4 model model NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 222 5 updating updating NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 222 6 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 222 7 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 222 8 impact impact NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 222 9 assessment assessment NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 222 10 Particulate Particulate NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 222 11 Air Air NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 222 12 Pollution Pollution NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 222 13 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 222 14 Mortality Mortality NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 222 15 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 222 16 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 222 17 United United NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 222 18 States States NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 222 19 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 223 1 Did do VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 223 2 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 223 3 Risks Risks NNPS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 223 4 Change change VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 223 5 from from IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 223 6 1987 1987 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 223 7 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 223 8 2000 2000 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 223 9 ? ? . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 224 1 Policy policy NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 224 2 assessment assessment NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 224 3 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 2 state state NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 3 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 4 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 5 art art NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 6 Public Public NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 7 Governance Governance NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 8 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 9 Territorial Territorial NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 10 Development Development NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 11 Directorate Directorate NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 12 Regulatory Regulatory NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 13 Policy Policy NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 14 Committee Committee NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 15 Promoting promote VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 16 Inclusive Inclusive NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 17 Growth Growth NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 18 through through IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 19 Better well JJR cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 20 Regulation Regulation NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 21 ; ; : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 22 OECD OECD NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 23 Regulatory Regulatory NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 24 Policy Policy NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 25 Working Working NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 26 Papers Papers NNPS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 27 Epidemiology Epidemiology NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 28 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 29 quantitative quantitative JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 30 risk risk NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 31 assessment assessment NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 32 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 33 A a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 34 bridge bridge NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 35 from from IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 36 science science NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 37 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 38 policy policy NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 39 Assessing assess VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 40 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 41 Health Health NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 42 Impact Impact NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 43 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 44 Air Air NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 45 Quality Quality NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 46 Regulations Regulations NNPS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 47 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 48 Concepts concept NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 49 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 50 Methods Methods NNPS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 51 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 52 Accountability Accountability NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 53 Mortality Mortality NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 54 from from IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 55 Fog Fog NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 56 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 57 London London NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 58 Mortality Mortality NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 59 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 60 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 61 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 62 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 63 Associations association NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 64 persist persist VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 65 with with IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 66 continued continue VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 67 advances advance NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 68 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 69 research research NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 70 methodology methodology NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 71 Respiratory respiratory JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 72 disease disease NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 73 associated associate VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 74 with with IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 75 community community NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 76 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 77 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 78 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 79 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 80 steel steel NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 81 mill mill NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 82 An an DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 83 Association Association NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 84 between between IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 85 Air Air NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 86 Pollution Pollution NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 87 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 88 Mortality Mortality NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 89 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 90 Six six CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 91 Particulate Particulate NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 92 Air Air NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 93 Pollution Pollution NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 94 as as IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 95 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 96 Predictor predictor NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 97 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 98 Mortality mortality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 99 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 100 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 101 What what WP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 102 Constitutes constitute VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 103 an an DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 104 Adverse Adverse NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 105 Health Health NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 106 Effect Effect NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 107 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 108 Air Air NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 109 Pollution Pollution NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 225 110 ? ? . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 226 1 Acute acute JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 226 2 Effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 226 3 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 226 4 Ambient Ambient NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 226 5 Particulate Particulate NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 226 6 Matter Matter NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 226 7 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 226 8 Mortality Mortality NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 226 9 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 226 10 Europe Europe NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 226 11 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 226 12 North North NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 226 13 America America NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 226 14 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 227 1 Results result NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 227 2 from from IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 227 3 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 227 4 APHENA APHENA NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 227 5 Study Study NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 227 6 Short Short NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 227 7 term term NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 227 8 association association NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 227 9 between between IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 227 10 ozone ozone NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 227 11 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 227 12 mortality mortality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 227 13 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 228 1 Global global JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 228 2 two two CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 228 3 stage stage NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 228 4 time time NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 228 5 series series NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 228 6 study study NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 228 7 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 228 8 406 406 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 228 9 locations location NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 228 10 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 228 11 20 20 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 228 12 countries country NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 228 13 Ambient Ambient NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 228 14 Particulate Particulate NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 228 15 Air Air NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 228 16 Pollution Pollution NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 228 17 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 228 18 Daily Daily NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 228 19 Mortality Mortality NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 228 20 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 228 21 652 652 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 228 22 Cities city NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 228 23 Effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 228 24 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 228 25 long long JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 228 26 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 228 27 term term NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 228 28 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 228 29 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 228 30 traffic traffic NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 228 31 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 228 32 related relate VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 228 33 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 228 34 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 228 35 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 228 36 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 228 37 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 228 38 cardiovascular cardiovascular JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 228 39 mortality mortality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 228 40 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 228 41 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 228 42 Netherlands Netherlands NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 228 43 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 229 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 229 2 NLCS NLCS NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 229 3 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 229 4 AIR AIR NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 229 5 study study NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 229 6 Long long JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 229 7 term term NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 229 8 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 229 9 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 229 10 ambient ambient JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 229 11 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 229 12 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 229 13 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 229 14 incidence incidence NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 229 15 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 229 16 acute acute JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 229 17 coronary coronary JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 229 18 events event NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 229 19 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 230 1 Prospective prospective JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 230 2 cohort cohort NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 230 3 study study NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 230 4 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 230 5 meta meta NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 230 6 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 230 7 analysis analysis NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 230 8 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 230 9 11 11 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 230 10 European european JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 230 11 cohorts cohort NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 230 12 from from IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 230 13 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 230 14 ESCAPE ESCAPE NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 230 15 Project Project NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 230 16 Air Air NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 230 17 Pollution Pollution NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 230 18 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 230 19 Mortality mortality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 230 20 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 230 21 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 230 22 Medicare Medicare NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 230 23 Population Population NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 230 24 Particulate Particulate NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 230 25 matter matter NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 230 26 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 230 27 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 230 28 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 230 29 national national JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 230 30 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 230 31 county county NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 230 32 life life NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 230 33 expectancy expectancy NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 230 34 loss loss NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 230 35 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 230 36 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 230 37 USA USA NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 230 38 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 231 1 A a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 231 2 spatiotemporal spatiotemporal JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 231 3 analysis analysis NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 231 4 Ambient Ambient NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 231 5 Particulate Particulate NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 231 6 Matter Matter NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 231 7 Concentrations Concentrations NNPS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 231 8 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 231 9 Hospital Hospital NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 231 10 Admissions Admissions NNPS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 231 11 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 231 12 26 26 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 231 13 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 231 14 China China NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 231 15 's 's POS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 231 16 Largest large JJS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 231 17 Cities Cities NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 231 18 Commentary commentary NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 231 19 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 232 1 A a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 232 2 structural structural JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 232 3 approach approach NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 232 4 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 232 5 Berkson Berkson NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 232 6 's 's POS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 232 7 fallacy fallacy NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 232 8 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 232 9 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 232 10 guide guide NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 232 11 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 232 12 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 232 13 history history NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 232 14 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 232 15 opinions opinion NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 232 16 about about IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 232 17 it -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 232 18 Biases bias VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 232 19 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 232 20 estimating estimate VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 232 21 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 232 22 effect effect NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 232 23 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 232 24 cumulative cumulative JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 232 25 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 232 26 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 232 27 log log NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 232 28 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 232 29 linear linear JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 232 30 models model NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 232 31 when when WRB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 232 32 estimated estimate VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 232 33 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 232 34 levels level NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 232 35 are be VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 232 36 assigned assign VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 232 37 A a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 232 38 measurement measurement NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 232 39 error error NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 232 40 model model NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 232 41 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 232 42 time time NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 232 43 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 232 44 series series NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 232 45 studies study NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 232 46 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 232 47 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 232 48 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 232 49 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 232 50 mortality mortality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 232 51 Estimating estimate VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 232 52 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 232 53 Independent Independent NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 232 54 Effects Effects NNPS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 232 55 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 232 56 Multiple multiple JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 232 57 Pollutants pollutant NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 232 58 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 232 59 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 232 60 Presence Presence NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 232 61 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 232 62 Measurement Measurement NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 232 63 Error Error NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 232 64 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 233 1 An an DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 233 2 Application Application NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 233 3 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 233 4 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 233 5 Measurement Measurement NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 233 6 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 233 7 Error error NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 233 8 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 233 9 Resistant resistant JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 233 10 Technique technique NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 233 11 Harvesting harvesting NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 233 12 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 233 13 long long JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 233 14 term term NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 233 15 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 233 16 effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 233 17 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 233 18 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 233 19 relation relation NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 233 20 between between IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 233 21 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 233 22 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 233 23 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 233 24 mortality mortality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 234 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 234 2 Distributed Distributed NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 234 3 Lag Lag NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 234 4 between between IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 234 5 Air Air NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 234 6 Pollution Pollution NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 234 7 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 234 8 Daily Daily NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 234 9 Deaths death NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 235 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 235 2 Temporal Temporal NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 235 3 Pattern Pattern NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 235 4 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 235 5 Mortality Mortality NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 235 6 Responses response NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 235 7 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 235 8 Air Air NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 235 9 Pollution Pollution NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 235 10 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 236 1 A a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 236 2 Multicity Multicity NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 236 3 Assessment Assessment NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 236 4 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 236 5 Mortality Mortality NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 236 6 Displacement displacement NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 236 7 Attributable attributable JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 236 8 risk risk NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 236 9 from from IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 236 10 distributed distribute VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 236 11 lag lag NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 236 12 models model NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 236 13 Testing test VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 236 14 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 236 15 Harvesting Harvesting NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 236 16 Hypothesis Hypothesis NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 236 17 by by IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 236 18 Time Time NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 236 19 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 236 20 Domain Domain NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 236 21 Regression Regression NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 236 22 Analysis Analysis NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 236 23 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 237 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 237 2 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 237 3 Baseline Baseline NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 237 4 Analysis Analysis NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 238 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 238 2 National National NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 238 3 Morbidity Morbidity NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 238 4 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 238 5 Mortality mortality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 238 6 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 238 7 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 238 8 Air Air NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 238 9 Pollution Pollution NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 238 10 Study Study NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 238 11 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 239 1 Part part NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 239 2 II ii CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 239 3 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 239 4 Morbidity morbidity NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 239 5 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 239 6 mortality mortality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 239 7 from from IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 239 8 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 239 9 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 239 10 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 239 11 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 239 12 United United NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 239 13 States States NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 239 14 Assessment Assessment NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 239 15 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 239 16 Deaths death NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 239 17 Attributable attributable JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 239 18 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 239 19 Air Air NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 239 20 Pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 240 1 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 240 2 Should Should MD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 240 3 We -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 240 4 Use use VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 240 5 Risk risk NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 240 6 Estimates estimate NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 240 7 based base VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 240 8 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 240 9 Time Time NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 240 10 Series Series NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 240 11 or or CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 240 12 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 240 13 Cohort Cohort NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 240 14 Studies Studies NNPS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 240 15 ? ? . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 241 1 Assessment assessment NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 241 2 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 241 3 deaths death NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 241 4 attributable attributable JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 241 5 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 241 6 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 241 7 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 241 8 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 241 9 Should Should MD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 241 10 we -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 241 11 use use VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 241 12 risk risk NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 241 13 estimates estimate NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 241 14 based base VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 241 15 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 241 16 time time NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 241 17 series series NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 241 18 or or CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 241 19 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 241 20 cohort cohort NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 241 21 studies study NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 241 22 ? ? . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 242 1 Extended extend VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 242 2 follow follow NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 242 3 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 242 4 up up NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 242 5 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 242 6 spatial spatial JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 242 7 analysis analysis NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 242 8 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 242 9 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 242 10 American American NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 242 11 Cancer Cancer NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 242 12 Society Society NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 242 13 study study NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 242 14 linking link VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 242 15 particulate particulate NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 242 16 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 242 17 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 242 18 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 242 19 mortality mortality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 243 1 A a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 243 2 Comparison comparison NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 243 3 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 243 4 Short short JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 243 5 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 243 6 term term NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 243 7 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 243 8 Long long JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 243 9 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 243 10 term term NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 243 11 Air Air NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 243 12 Pollution Pollution NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 243 13 Exposure Exposure NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 243 14 Associations Associations NNPS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 243 15 with with IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 243 16 Mortality mortality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 243 17 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 243 18 Two two CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 243 19 Cohorts Cohorts NNPS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 243 20 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 243 21 Scotland Scotland NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 243 22 Estimating Estimating NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 243 23 acute acute JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 243 24 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 243 25 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 243 26 health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 243 27 effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 243 28 from from IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 243 29 cohort cohort NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 243 30 study study NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 243 31 data datum NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 243 32 Estimating estimate VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 243 33 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 243 34 Exposure Exposure NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 243 35 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 243 36 Response Response NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 243 37 Relationships relationship NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 243 38 between between IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 243 39 Particulate Particulate NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 243 40 Matter Matter NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 243 41 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 243 42 Mortality mortality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 243 43 within within IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 243 44 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 243 45 APHEA APHEA NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 243 46 Multicity Multicity NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 243 47 Project Project NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 244 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 244 2 Effect effect NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 244 3 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 244 4 Dose Dose NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 244 5 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 244 6 Timing timing NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 244 7 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 244 8 Dose dose NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 244 9 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 244 10 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 244 11 Association Association NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 244 12 between between IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 244 13 Airborne Airborne NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 244 14 Particles Particles NNPS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 244 15 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 244 16 Survival Survival NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 244 17 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 245 1 Environ Environ NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 245 2 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 246 1 Health Health NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 246 2 Perspect Perspect NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 246 3 Impact Impact NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 246 4 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 246 5 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 246 6 1990 1990 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 246 7 Hong Hong NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 246 8 Kong Kong NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 246 9 legislation legislation NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 246 10 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 246 11 restriction restriction NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 246 12 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 246 13 sulfur sulfur NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 246 14 content content NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 246 15 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 246 16 fuel fuel NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 246 17 Health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 246 18 effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 246 19 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 246 20 fine fine JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 246 21 particulate particulate NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 246 22 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 246 23 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 246 24 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 1 Lines line NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 2 that that WDT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 3 connect connect VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 4 Estimation estimation NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 5 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 6 long long JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 7 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 8 term term NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 9 average average JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 10 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 11 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 12 outdoor outdoor JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 13 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 14 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 15 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 16 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 17 cohort cohort NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 18 study study NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 19 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 20 mortality mortality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 21 Lung Lung NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 22 cancer cancer NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 23 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 24 cardiopulmonary cardiopulmonary JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 25 mortality mortality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 26 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 27 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 28 long long JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 29 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 30 term term NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 31 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 32 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 33 fine fine JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 34 particulate particulate NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 35 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 36 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 37 Development Development NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 38 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 39 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 40 Continuous Continuous NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 41 Monitoring Monitoring NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 42 System System NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 43 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 44 PM PM NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 45 10 10 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 46 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 47 Components Components NNPS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 48 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 49 PM PM NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 50 2.5 2.5 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 51 Use Use NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 52 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 53 Satellite Satellite NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 54 Observations Observations NNPS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 55 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 56 Long Long NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 57 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 58 Term Term NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 59 Exposure Exposure NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 60 Assessment Assessment NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 61 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 62 Global Global NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 63 Concentrations Concentrations NNPS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 64 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 65 Fine Fine NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 66 Particulate Particulate NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 67 Matter Matter NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 68 Particulate Particulate NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 69 matter matter NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 70 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 71 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 72 components component NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 73 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 74 risk risk NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 75 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 76 lung lung NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 77 cancer cancer NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 78 Air Air NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 79 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 80 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 81 Another another DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 82 cause cause NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 83 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 84 lung lung NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 85 cancer cancer NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 86 Ambient Ambient NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 87 Air Air NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 88 Pollution Pollution NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 89 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 90 Early early JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 91 Manifestation Manifestation NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 92 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 93 Type Type NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 94 1 1 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 95 Diabetes Diabetes NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 96 Association Association NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 97 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 98 Stillbirth Stillbirth NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 99 with with IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 100 Ambient Ambient NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 101 Air Air NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 102 Pollution Pollution NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 103 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 104 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 105 California California NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 106 Cohort Cohort NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 247 107 Study Study NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 2 association association NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 3 between between IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 4 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 5 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 6 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 7 preterm preterm NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 8 birth birth NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 9 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 10 low low JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 11 birth birth NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 12 weight weight NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 13 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 14 Guangdong Guangdong NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 15 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 16 China China NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 17 Neurodevelopmental Neurodevelopmental NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 18 Deceleration Deceleration NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 19 by by IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 20 Urban Urban NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 21 Fine Fine NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 22 Particles Particles NNPS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 23 from from IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 24 Different Different NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 25 Emission Emission NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 26 Sources Sources NNPS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 27 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 28 A a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 29 Longitudinal Longitudinal NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 30 Observational Observational NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 31 Study Study NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 32 Living Living NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 33 close close RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 34 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 35 heavy heavy JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 36 traffic traffic NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 37 roads road NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 38 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 39 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 40 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 41 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 42 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 43 dementia dementia NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 44 Air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 45 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 46 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 47 Mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 48 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 49 neuroinflammation neuroinflammation NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 50 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 51 CNS CNS NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 52 disease disease NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 53 Influence influence NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 54 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 55 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 56 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 57 coarse coarse JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 58 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 59 fine fine JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 60 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 61 ultrafine ultrafine JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 62 urban urban JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 63 particulate particulate NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 64 matter matter NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 65 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 66 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 67 biological biological JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 68 constituents constituent NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 69 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 70 neural neural JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 71 biomarkers biomarker NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 72 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 73 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 74 randomized randomized JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 75 controlled control VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 76 crossover crossover NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 77 study study NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 78 Biomarkers Biomarkers NNPS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 79 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 80 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 81 health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 82 outcomes outcome NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 83 associated associate VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 84 with with IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 85 ambient ambient JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 86 particulate particulate NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 87 matter matter NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 248 88 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 249 1 A a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 249 2 joint joint JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 249 3 ERS ERS NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 249 4 / / SYM cord-348994-ly2fop7d 249 5 ATS ATS NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 249 6 policy policy NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 249 7 statement statement NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 249 8 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 250 1 What what WP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 250 2 constitutes constitute VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 250 3 an an DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 250 4 adverse adverse JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 250 5 health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 250 6 effect effect NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 250 7 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 250 8 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 250 9 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 250 10 ? ? . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 1 An an DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 2 analytical analytical JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 3 framework framework NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 4 Modeling model VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 5 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 6 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 7 lag lag NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 8 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 9 response response NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 10 associations association NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 11 with with IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 12 distributed distribute VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 13 lag lag VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 14 non non JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 15 - - JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 16 linear linear JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 17 models model NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 18 Constituents constituent NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 19 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 20 Related Related NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 21 Air Air NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 22 Quality quality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 23 Variables variable NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 24 as as IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 25 Predictors Predictors NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 26 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 27 Survival Survival NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 28 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 29 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 30 Cohort Cohort NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 31 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 32 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 33 Military Military NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 34 Veterans Veterans NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 35 Long Long NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 36 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 37 Term term NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 38 Exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 39 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 40 Traffic traffic NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 41 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 42 Related Related NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 43 Air Air NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 44 Pollution Pollution NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 45 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 46 Cardiovascular Cardiovascular NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 47 Mortality mortality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 48 Effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 49 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 50 long long JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 51 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 52 term term NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 53 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 54 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 55 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 56 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 57 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 58 natural natural JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 59 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 60 cause cause NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 61 mortality mortality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 62 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 63 An an DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 64 analysis analysis NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 65 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 66 22 22 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 67 European european JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 68 cohorts cohort NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 69 within within IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 70 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 71 multicentre multicentre NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 72 ESCAPE ESCAPE NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 251 73 project project NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 1 A a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 2 population population NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 3 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 4 based base VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 5 birth birth NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 6 cohort cohort NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 7 study study NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 8 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 9 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 10 association association NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 11 between between IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 12 childhood childhood NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 13 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 14 onset onset NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 15 asthma asthma NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 16 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 17 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 18 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 19 industrial industrial JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 20 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 21 pollutant pollutant NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 22 emissions emission NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 23 Impact Impact NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 24 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 25 Wood Wood NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 26 Combustion Combustion NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 27 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 28 Secondary Secondary NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 29 Heating Heating NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 30 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 31 Recreational Recreational NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 32 Purposes Purposes NNPS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 33 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 34 Particulate Particulate NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 35 Air Air NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 36 Pollution Pollution NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 37 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 38 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 39 Suburb Suburb NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 40 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 41 Finland Finland NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 42 Mortality Mortality NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 43 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 44 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 45 Medicare Medicare NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 46 Population Population NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 47 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 48 Chronic Chronic NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 49 Exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 50 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 51 Fine Fine NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 52 Particulate Particulate NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 53 Air Air NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 54 Pollution Pollution NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 55 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 56 Urban Urban NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 57 Centers Centers NNPS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 58 Long Long NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 59 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 60 Term term NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 61 Exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 62 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 63 Air Air NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 64 Pollution Pollution NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 65 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 66 Cardiorespiratory Cardiorespiratory NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 67 Disease Disease NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 68 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 69 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 70 California California NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 71 Teachers Teachers NNPS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 72 Study Study NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 73 Cohort Cohort NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 74 Long long JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 75 term term NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 76 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 77 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 78 ambient ambient JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 79 fine fine JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 80 particulate particulate NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 81 matter matter NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 82 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 83 incidence incidence NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 84 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 85 stroke stroke NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 86 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 87 Prospective prospective JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 88 cohort cohort NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 89 study study NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 90 from from IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 91 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 92 China China NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 93 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 94 PAR PAR NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 95 project project NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 96 Long Long NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 97 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 98 Term term NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 99 Exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 100 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 101 Ambient Ambient NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 102 Air Air NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 103 Pollution Pollution NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 104 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 252 105 Mortality mortality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 253 1 Due due IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 253 2 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 253 3 Cardiovascular Cardiovascular NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 253 4 Disease Disease NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 253 5 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 253 6 Cerebrovascular Cerebrovascular NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 253 7 Disease Disease NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 253 8 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 253 9 Shenyang Shenyang NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 253 10 Relation Relation NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 253 11 between between IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 253 12 Concentration Concentration NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 253 13 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 253 14 Air Air NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 253 15 Pollution Pollution NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 253 16 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 254 1 Cause cause NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 254 2 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 254 3 Specific specific JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 254 4 Mortality mortality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 254 5 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 254 6 Four four CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 254 7 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 254 8 Year Year NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 254 9 Exposures exposure NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 254 10 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 254 11 Nitrogen nitrogen NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 254 12 Dioxide dioxide NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 254 13 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 254 14 Particulate Particulate NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 254 15 Matter Matter NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 254 16 Pollutants pollutant NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 254 17 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 254 18 470 470 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 254 19 Neighborhoods Neighborhoods NNPS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 254 20 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 254 21 Oslo Oslo NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 254 22 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 255 1 Norway Norway NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 255 2 A A NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 255 3 Cohort Cohort NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 255 4 Study Study NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 255 5 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 255 6 Traffic Traffic NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 255 7 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 255 8 Related Related NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 255 9 Air Air NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 255 10 Pollution Pollution NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 255 11 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 255 12 Mortality Mortality NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 255 13 Multicity Multicity NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 255 14 study study NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 255 15 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 255 16 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 255 17 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 255 18 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 255 19 mortality mortality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 255 20 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 255 21 Latin Latin NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 255 22 America America NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 255 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 255 24 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 255 25 ESCALA ESCALA NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 255 26 study study NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 255 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 256 1 Long long JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 256 2 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 256 3 Term term NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 256 4 Exposure Exposure NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 256 5 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 256 6 Urban Urban NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 256 7 Air Air NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 256 8 Pollution Pollution NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 256 9 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 256 10 Mortality Mortality NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 256 11 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 256 12 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 256 13 Cohort Cohort NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 256 14 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 256 15 More More JJR cord-348994-ly2fop7d 256 16 than than IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 256 17 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 256 18 Million million CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 256 19 Adults Adults NNPS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 256 20 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 256 21 Rome Rome NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 256 22 Cardiovascular Cardiovascular NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 256 23 Disease Disease NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 256 24 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 256 25 Fine Fine NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 256 26 Particulate particulate NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 256 27 Matter Matter NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 257 1 Applying apply VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 257 2 Integrated Integrated NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 257 3 Exposure Exposure NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 257 4 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 257 5 Response Response NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 257 6 Functions Functions NNPS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 257 7 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 257 8 PM2.5 PM2.5 NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 257 9 Pollution Pollution NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 257 10 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 257 11 India India NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 257 12 Global Global NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 257 13 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 257 14 regional regional JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 257 15 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 257 16 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 257 17 national national JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 257 18 life life NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 257 19 expectancy expectancy NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 257 20 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 257 21 all all DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 257 22 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 257 23 cause cause NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 257 24 mortality mortality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 257 25 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 257 26 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 257 27 cause cause NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 257 28 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 257 29 specific specific JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 257 30 mortality mortality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 257 31 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 257 32 249 249 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 257 33 causes cause NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 257 34 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 257 35 death death NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 257 36 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 257 37 1980 1980 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 257 38 - - SYM cord-348994-ly2fop7d 257 39 2015 2015 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 258 1 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 258 2 A a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 258 3 systematic systematic JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 258 4 analysis analysis NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 258 5 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 258 6 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 258 7 Global Global NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 258 8 Burden Burden NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 258 9 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 258 10 Disease Disease NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 259 1 Study study VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 259 2 An an DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 259 3 Integrated Integrated NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 259 4 Risk Risk NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 259 5 Function Function NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 259 6 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 259 7 Estimating estimate VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 259 8 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 259 9 Global Global NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 259 10 Burden Burden NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 259 11 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 259 12 Disease Disease NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 259 13 Attributable attributable JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 259 14 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 259 15 Ambient Ambient NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 259 16 Fine Fine NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 259 17 Particulate particulate NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 259 18 Matter Matter NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 1 Exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 2 A a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 3 method method NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 4 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 5 using use VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 6 epidemiologic epidemiologic JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 7 data datum NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 8 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 9 estimate estimate VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 10 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 11 potential potential JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 12 impact impact NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 13 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 14 an an DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 15 intervention intervention NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 16 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 17 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 18 health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 19 status status NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 20 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 21 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 22 target target NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 23 population population NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 24 Towards towards IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 25 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 26 fuller full JJR cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 27 assessment assessment NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 28 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 29 benefits benefit NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 30 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 31 children child NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 32 's 's POS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 33 health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 34 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 35 reducing reduce VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 36 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 37 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 38 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 39 mitigating mitigate VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 40 climate climate NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 41 change change NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 42 due due IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 43 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 44 fossil fossil JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 45 fuel fuel NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 46 combustion combustion NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 47 Estimated estimate VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 48 public public JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 49 health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 50 impacts impact NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 51 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 52 changes change NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 53 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 54 concentrations concentration NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 55 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 56 fine fine JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 57 particle particle NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 58 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 59 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 60 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 61 Canada Canada NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 62 Air Air NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 63 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 64 interventions intervention NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 65 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 66 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 67 impact impact NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 68 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 69 public public JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 70 health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 71 Strategic Strategic NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 72 Plan Plan NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 73 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 74 Understanding understand VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 75 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 76 Health Health NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 77 Effects Effects NNPS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 78 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 79 Air Air NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 80 Pollution Pollution NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 260 81 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 261 1 2020 2020 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 261 2 - - SYM cord-348994-ly2fop7d 261 3 2025 2025 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 261 4 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 262 1 Fist Fist NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 262 2 Draft Draft NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 262 3 Commuting Commuting NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 262 4 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 262 5 Adjusted Adjusted NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 262 6 Short Short NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 262 7 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 262 8 Term Term NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 262 9 Health Health NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 262 10 Impact Impact NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 262 11 Assessment Assessment NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 262 12 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 262 13 Airborne Airborne NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 262 14 Fine Fine NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 262 15 Particles particle NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 262 16 with with IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 262 17 Uncertainty Uncertainty NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 262 18 Quantification quantification NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 262 19 via via IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 262 20 Monte Monte NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 262 21 Carlo Carlo NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 262 22 Simulation Simulation NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 262 23 Evaluating evaluate VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 262 24 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 262 25 Effectiveness Effectiveness NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 262 26 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 262 27 Air Air NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 262 28 Quality Quality NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 262 29 Interventions Interventions NNPS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 262 30 Global Global NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 262 31 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 262 32 regional regional JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 262 33 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 262 34 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 262 35 national national JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 262 36 comparative comparative JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 262 37 risk risk NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 262 38 assessment assessment NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 262 39 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 262 40 84 84 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 262 41 behavioural behavioural JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 262 42 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 262 43 environmental environmental JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 262 44 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 262 45 occupational occupational JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 262 46 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 262 47 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 262 48 metabolic metabolic JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 262 49 risks risk NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 262 50 or or CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 262 51 clusters cluster NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 262 52 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 262 53 risks risk NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 262 54 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 262 55 195 195 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 262 56 countries country NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 262 57 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 262 58 territories territory NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 262 59 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 262 60 1990 1990 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 262 61 - - SYM cord-348994-ly2fop7d 262 62 2017 2017 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 262 63 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 263 1 A a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 263 2 systematic systematic JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 263 3 analysis analysis NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 263 4 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 263 5 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 263 6 Global Global NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 263 7 Burden Burden NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 263 8 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 263 9 Disease Disease NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 263 10 Study Study NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 263 11 Interventions Interventions NNPS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 263 12 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 263 13 reduce reduce VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 263 14 ambient ambient JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 263 15 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 263 16 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 263 17 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 263 18 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 263 19 effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 263 20 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 263 21 health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 263 22 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 264 1 An an DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 264 2 abridged abridge VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 264 3 Cochrane Cochrane NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 264 4 systematic systematic JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 264 5 review review NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 264 6 Do do VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 264 7 causal causal JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 264 8 concentration concentration NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 264 9 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 264 10 response response NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 264 11 functions function NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 264 12 exist exist VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 264 13 ? ? . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 265 1 A a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 265 2 critical critical JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 265 3 review review NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 265 4 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 265 5 associational associational JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 265 6 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 265 7 causal causal JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 265 8 relations relation NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 265 9 between between IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 265 10 fine fine JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 265 11 particulate particulate NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 265 12 matter matter NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 265 13 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 265 14 mortality mortality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 265 15 Health Health NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 265 16 benefits benefit NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 265 17 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 265 18 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 265 19 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 265 20 abatement abatement NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 265 21 policy policy NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 265 22 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 265 23 Role role NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 265 24 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 265 25 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 265 26 shape shape NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 265 27 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 265 28 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 265 29 concentration concentration NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 265 30 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 265 31 response response NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 265 32 function function NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 265 33 Causal Causal NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 265 34 Inference inference NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 265 35 Methods method NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 265 36 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 265 37 Estimating Estimating NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 265 38 Long Long NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 265 39 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 265 40 Term Term NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 265 41 Health Health NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 265 42 Effects Effects NNPS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 265 43 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 265 44 Air Air NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 265 45 Quality Quality NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 265 46 Regulations Regulations NNPS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 265 47 Estimating estimate VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 265 48 Causal Causal NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 265 49 Associations association NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 265 50 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 265 51 Fine fine JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 265 52 Particles particle NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 265 53 With with IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 265 54 Daily Daily NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 265 55 Deaths Deaths NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 265 56 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 265 57 Boston Boston NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 265 58 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 266 1 Table table NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 266 2 1 1 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 266 3 Principal Principal NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 266 4 Stratification stratification NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 266 5 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 266 6 Uses Uses NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 266 7 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 266 8 Limitations Limitations NNPS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 266 9 Mediation Mediation NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 266 10 Analysis Analysis NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 266 11 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 267 1 A a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 267 2 Practitioner practitioner NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 267 3 's 's POS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 267 4 Guide Guide NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 267 5 Spatial spatial JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 267 6 variability variability NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 267 7 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 267 8 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 267 9 effect effect NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 267 10 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 267 11 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 267 12 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 267 13 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 267 14 term term NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 267 15 birth birth NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 267 16 weight weight NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 267 17 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 267 18 Evaluating evaluate VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 267 19 influential influential JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 267 20 factors factor NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 267 21 using use VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 267 22 Bayesian bayesian JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 267 23 hierarchical hierarchical JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 267 24 models model NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 267 25 Fine fine JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 267 26 Particulate Particulate NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 267 27 Air Air NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 267 28 Pollution Pollution NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 267 29 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 267 30 Daily Daily NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 267 31 Mortality Mortality NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 267 32 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 268 1 A a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 268 2 Nationwide Nationwide NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 268 3 Analysis Analysis NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 268 4 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 268 5 272 272 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 268 6 Chinese chinese JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 268 7 Cities city NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 269 1 Do do VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 269 2 We -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 269 3 Really really RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 269 4 Need need VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 269 5 Another another DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 269 6 Time Time NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 269 7 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 269 8 Series Series NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 269 9 Study Study NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 269 10 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 269 11 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 269 12 PM2.5-Mortality PM2.5-Mortality NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 269 13 Association Association NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 269 14 ? ? . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 270 1 Assessment assessment NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 270 2 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 270 3 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 270 4 health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 270 5 impacts impact NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 270 6 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 270 7 particulate particulate NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 270 8 matter matter NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 270 9 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 270 10 Ambient Ambient NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 270 11 Ozone Ozone NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 270 12 Pollution Pollution NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 270 13 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 270 14 Daily Daily NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 270 15 Mortality Mortality NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 270 16 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 271 1 A a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 271 2 Nationwide Nationwide NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 271 3 Study Study NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 271 4 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 271 5 272 272 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 271 6 Chinese chinese JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 271 7 Cities city NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 271 8 Using use VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 271 9 spatio spatio JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 271 10 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 271 11 temporal temporal JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 271 12 lagged lag VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 271 13 association association NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 271 14 pattern pattern NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 271 15 to to TO cord-348994-ly2fop7d 271 16 unravel unravel VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 271 17 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 271 18 acute acute JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 271 19 effect effect NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 271 20 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 271 21 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 271 22 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 271 23 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 271 24 mortality mortality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 271 25 Tracking Tracking NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 271 26 National National NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 271 27 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 271 28 Regional Regional NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 271 29 Spatial Spatial NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 271 30 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 271 31 Temporal Temporal NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 271 32 Mortality Mortality NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 271 33 Risk Risk NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 271 34 Associated Associated NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 271 35 with with IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 271 36 NO2 NO2 NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 271 37 Concentrations Concentrations NNPS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 271 38 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 271 39 Canada Canada NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 271 40 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 272 1 A a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 272 2 Bayesian Bayesian NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 272 3 Hierarchical Hierarchical NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 272 4 Two two CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 272 5 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 272 6 Level Level NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 272 7 Model Model NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 272 8 Effect Effect NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 272 9 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 272 10 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 272 11 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 272 12 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 272 13 control control NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 272 14 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 272 15 death death NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 272 16 rates rate NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 272 17 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 272 18 Dublin Dublin NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 272 19 , , , cord-348994-ly2fop7d 272 20 Ireland Ireland NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 272 21 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 272 22 An an DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 272 23 intervention intervention NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 272 24 study study NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 272 25 Cardiorespiratory Cardiorespiratory NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 272 26 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 272 27 all all DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 272 28 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 272 29 cause cause NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 272 30 mortality mortality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 272 31 after after IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 272 32 restrictions restriction NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 272 33 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 272 34 sulphur sulphur NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 272 35 content content NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 272 36 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 272 37 fuel fuel NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 272 38 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 272 39 Hong Hong NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 272 40 Kong Kong NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 272 41 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 273 1 An an DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 273 2 intervention intervention NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 273 3 study study NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 273 4 Impact impact NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 273 5 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 273 6 changes change NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 273 7 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 273 8 transportation transportation NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 273 9 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 273 10 commuting commute VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 273 11 behaviors behavior NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 273 12 during during IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 273 13 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 273 14 1996 1996 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 273 15 Summer Summer NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 273 16 Olympic Olympic NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 273 17 Games Games NNPS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 273 18 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 273 19 Atlanta Atlanta NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 273 20 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 273 21 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 273 22 quality quality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 273 23 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 273 24 childhood childhood NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 273 25 asthma asthma NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 273 26 Impact Impact NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 273 27 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 273 28 improved improved JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 273 29 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 273 30 quality quality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 273 31 during during IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 273 32 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 273 33 1996 1996 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 273 34 Summer Summer NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 273 35 Olympic Olympic NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 273 36 Games Games NNPS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 273 37 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 273 38 Atlanta Atlanta NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 273 39 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 273 40 multiple multiple JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 273 41 cardiovascular cardiovascular JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 273 42 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 273 43 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 273 44 outcomes outcome NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 273 45 Air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 273 46 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 273 47 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 273 48 mortality mortality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 273 49 benefits benefit NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 273 50 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 273 51 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 273 52 London London NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 273 53 Congestion Congestion NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 273 54 Charge Charge NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 273 55 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 273 56 Spatial spatial JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 273 57 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 273 58 socioeconomic socioeconomic JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 273 59 inequalities inequality NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 274 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 274 2 impact impact NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 274 3 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 274 4 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 274 5 congestion congestion NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 274 6 charging charge VBG cord-348994-ly2fop7d 274 7 scheme scheme NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 274 8 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 274 9 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 274 10 quality quality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 274 11 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 274 12 London London NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 274 13 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 275 1 Part part NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 275 2 2 2 CD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 275 3 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 1 Analysis analysis NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 2 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 3 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 4 oxidative oxidative JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 5 potential potential NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 6 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 7 particulate particulate NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 8 matter matter NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 9 Respiratory respiratory JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 10 Effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 11 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 12 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 13 Reduction reduction NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 14 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 15 Outdoor Outdoor NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 16 Air Air NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 17 Pollution Pollution NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 18 Concentrations Concentrations NNPS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 19 Accountability Accountability NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 20 studies study NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 21 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 22 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 23 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 24 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 25 health health NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 26 effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 27 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 28 Lessons lesson NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 29 learned learn VBD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 30 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 31 recommendations recommendation NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 32 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 33 future future JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 34 natural natural JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 35 experiment experiment NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 36 opportunities opportunity NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 37 Effect effect NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 38 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 39 lockdown lockdown NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 40 amid amid IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 41 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 42 pandemic pandemic NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 43 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 44 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 45 quality quality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 46 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 47 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 48 megacity megacity NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 49 Delhi Delhi NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 50 Association Association NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 51 between between IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 52 short short JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 53 - - HYPH cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 54 term term NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 55 exposure exposure NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 56 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 57 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 58 pollution pollution NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 59 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 60 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 61 infection infection NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 62 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 63 Evidence evidence NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 64 from from IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 65 China China NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 66 Effects effect NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 67 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 68 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 69 pollutants pollutant NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 70 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 71 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 72 transmission transmission NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 73 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 74 severity severity NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 75 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 76 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 77 viral viral JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 276 78 infections infection NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 277 1 The the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 277 2 influence influence NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 277 3 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 277 4 improved improved JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 277 5 air air NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 277 6 quality quality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 277 7 on on IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 277 8 mortality mortality NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 277 9 risks risk NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 277 10 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 277 11 Erfurt Erfurt NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 278 1 This this DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 278 2 article article NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 278 3 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 278 4 an an DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 278 5 open open JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 278 6 access access NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 278 7 article article NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 278 8 distributed distribute VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 278 9 under under IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 278 10 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 278 11 terms term NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 278 12 and and CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 278 13 conditions condition NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 278 14 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 278 15 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 278 16 Creative Creative NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 278 17 Commons Commons NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 278 18 Attribution Attribution NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 278 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 278 20 CC CC NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 278 21 BY by IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 278 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-348994-ly2fop7d 278 23 license license NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 278 24 Acknowledgments acknowledgment NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 278 25 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 278 26 I -PRON- PRP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 278 27 thank thank VBP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 278 28 Karen Karen NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 278 29 Christenfeld Christenfeld NNP cord-348994-ly2fop7d 278 30 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 278 31 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 278 32 accurate accurate JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 278 33 revision revision NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 278 34 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 278 35 the the DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 278 36 English english JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 278 37 text text NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 278 38 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 279 1 Neither neither DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 279 2 financial financial JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 279 3 nor nor CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 279 4 other other JJ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 279 5 relationships relationship NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 279 6 might may MD cord-348994-ly2fop7d 279 7 lead lead VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 279 8 to to IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 279 9 a a DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 279 10 conflict conflict NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 279 11 of of IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 279 12 interests interest NNS cord-348994-ly2fop7d 279 13 . . . cord-348994-ly2fop7d 280 1 Note note VB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 280 2 : : : cord-348994-ly2fop7d 281 1 Manuscript manuscript NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 281 2 has have VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 281 3 neither neither CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 281 4 been be VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 281 5 published publish VBN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 281 6 previously previously RB cord-348994-ly2fop7d 281 7 nor nor CC cord-348994-ly2fop7d 281 8 is be VBZ cord-348994-ly2fop7d 281 9 under under IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 281 10 consideration consideration NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 281 11 for for IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 281 12 publication publication NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 281 13 in in IN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 281 14 another another DT cord-348994-ly2fop7d 281 15 journal journal NN cord-348994-ly2fop7d 281 16 . . .