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Krstanoski, Ljupcho; Veenman, Leo title: Potential Beneficial Actions of Fucoidan in Brain and Liver Injury, Disease, and Intoxication—Potential Implication of Sirtuins date: 2020-05-05 journal: Mar Drugs DOI: 10.3390/md18050242 sha: doc_id: 305240 cord_uid: r6i7d06v file: cache/cord-339082-8gogju5n.json key: cord-339082-8gogju5n authors: Swire-Thompson, Briony; DeGutis, Joseph; Lazer, David title: Searching for the Backfire Effect: Measurement and Design Considerations date: 2020-09-02 journal: J Appl Res Mem Cogn DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmac.2020.06.006 sha: doc_id: 339082 cord_uid: 8gogju5n file: cache/cord-320172-qw47pf9r.json key: cord-320172-qw47pf9r authors: Greaves, Peter title: VII Digestive System 1 date: 2000-12-31 journal: Histopathology of Preclinical Toxicity Studies DOI: 10.1016/b978-044450514-9/50007-3 sha: doc_id: 320172 cord_uid: qw47pf9r file: cache/cord-350973-rprrkr37.json key: cord-350973-rprrkr37 authors: Ahmad, Md Faruque; Ahmad, Fakhruddin Ali; Ashraf, Syed Amir; Saad, Hisham H; Wahab, Shadma; Khan, Mohammed Idreesh; Ali, Maksood; Mohan, Syam; Hakeem, Khalid Rehman; Athar, Md Tanwir title: An updated knowledge of Black seed (Nigella sativa Linn): Review of phytochemical constituents and pharmacological properties date: 2020-09-19 journal: J Herb Med DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2020.100404 sha: doc_id: 350973 cord_uid: rprrkr37 file: cache/cord-341720-qwdjb7vk.json key: cord-341720-qwdjb7vk authors: Jukic, Igor; Calleja-González, Julio; Cos, Francesc; Cuzzolin, Francesco; Olmo, Jesús; Terrados, Nicolas; Njaradi, Nenad; Sassi, Roberto; Requena, Bernardo; Milanovic, Luka; Krakan, Ivan; Chatzichristos, Kostas; Alcaraz, Pedro E. title: Strategies and Solutions for Team Sports Athletes in Isolation due to COVID-19 date: 2020-04-24 journal: Sports (Basel) DOI: 10.3390/sports8040056 sha: doc_id: 341720 cord_uid: qwdjb7vk file: cache/cord-353815-w35spqqt.json key: cord-353815-w35spqqt authors: Huan, Yuchen; Kong, Qing; Mou, Haijin; Yi, Huaxi title: Antimicrobial Peptides: Classification, Design, Application and Research Progress in Multiple Fields date: 2020-10-16 journal: Front Microbiol DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.582779 sha: doc_id: 353815 cord_uid: w35spqqt file: cache/cord-339293-7ks3bopm.json key: cord-339293-7ks3bopm authors: Nejatifard, Marzieh; Asefi, Sohrab; Jamali, Raika; Hamblin, Michael R.; Fekrazad, Reza title: Probable Positive Effects of the Photobiomodulation as an Adjunctive Treatment in COVID-19: A Systematic Review date: 2020-10-12 journal: Cytokine DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155312 sha: doc_id: 339293 cord_uid: 7ks3bopm file: cache/cord-325779-pxnl4wgc.json key: cord-325779-pxnl4wgc authors: Liang, Yu-lei title: Thoughts on the effects of moxa smoke in the epidemic prevention: 关于艾烟防疫作用的思考 date: 2020-07-17 journal: World J Acupunct Moxibustion DOI: 10.1016/j.wjam.2020.07.006 sha: doc_id: 325779 cord_uid: pxnl4wgc file: cache/cord-310663-504p29hv.json key: cord-310663-504p29hv authors: Gambardella, Jessica; Khondkar, Wafiq; Morelli, Marco Bruno; Wang, Xujun; Santulli, Gaetano; Trimarco, Valentina title: Arginine and Endothelial Function date: 2020-08-06 journal: Biomedicines DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8080277 sha: doc_id: 310663 cord_uid: 504p29hv file: cache/cord-343303-by0b3gy0.json key: cord-343303-by0b3gy0 authors: Nishinari, Katsuyoshi; Fang, Yapeng title: Molar mass effect in food and health date: 2020-09-03 journal: Food Hydrocoll DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106110 sha: doc_id: 343303 cord_uid: by0b3gy0 file: cache/cord-348994-ly2fop7d.json key: cord-348994-ly2fop7d authors: Faustini, Annunziata; Davoli, Marina title: Attributable Risk to Assess the Health Impact of Air Pollution: Advances, Controversies, State of the Art and Future Needs date: 2020-06-23 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124512 sha: doc_id: 348994 cord_uid: ly2fop7d file: cache/cord-331270-12zx0o2p.json key: cord-331270-12zx0o2p authors: Rico, Timóteo Matthies; dos Santos Machado, Karina; Fernandes, Vanessa Pellegrini; Madruga, Samanta Winck; Santin, Mateus Madail; Petrarca, Cristiane Rios; Dumith, Samuel Carvalho title: Use of Text Messaging (SMS) for the Management of Side Effects in Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy Treatment: a Randomized Controlled Trial date: 2020-09-30 journal: J Med Syst DOI: 10.1007/s10916-020-01663-x sha: doc_id: 331270 cord_uid: 12zx0o2p file: cache/cord-339475-okw6la2b.json key: cord-339475-okw6la2b authors: nan title: Chapter 11 Health effects date: 2005-12-31 journal: Interface Science and Technology DOI: 10.1016/s1573-4285(05)80015-8 sha: doc_id: 339475 cord_uid: okw6la2b file: cache/cord-348106-agwdmtug.json key: cord-348106-agwdmtug authors: Shankar, Venkatesh; Kushwaha, Tarun title: Omnichannel Marketing: Are Cross-Channel Effects Symmetric? date: 2020-09-07 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.ijresmar.2020.09.001 sha: doc_id: 348106 cord_uid: agwdmtug file: cache/cord-335024-0klf75qr.json key: cord-335024-0klf75qr authors: Saponaro, Federica; Saba, Alessandro; Zucchi, Riccardo title: An Update on Vitamin D Metabolism date: 2020-09-08 journal: Int J Mol Sci DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186573 sha: doc_id: 335024 cord_uid: 0klf75qr file: cache/cord-340882-why0t9ld.json key: cord-340882-why0t9ld authors: Carneiro, Lara; Afonso, José; Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo; Murawska-Ciałowciz, Eugenia; Marques, Adilson; Clemente, Filipe Manuel title: The Effects of Exclusively Resistance Training-Based Supervised Programs in People with Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials date: 2020-09-15 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186715 sha: doc_id: 340882 cord_uid: why0t9ld file: cache/cord-344988-09vpehvf.json key: cord-344988-09vpehvf authors: Overbeck, Silke; Rink, Lothar; Haase, Hajo title: Modulating the immune response by oral zinc supplementation: a single approach for multiple diseases date: 2008-02-05 journal: Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) DOI: 10.1007/s00005-008-0003-8 sha: doc_id: 344988 cord_uid: 09vpehvf file: cache/cord-345696-gwbi6nlt.json key: cord-345696-gwbi6nlt authors: Álvarez-Castro, José M. title: Gene–Environment Interaction in the Era of Precision Medicine – Filling the Potholes Rather Than Starting to Build a New Road date: 2020-10-06 journal: Front Genet DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00921 sha: doc_id: 345696 cord_uid: gwbi6nlt file: cache/cord-340101-n9zqc1gm.json key: cord-340101-n9zqc1gm authors: Bzdok, Danilo; Dunbar, Robin I.M. title: The Neurobiology of Social Distance date: 2020-06-03 journal: Trends Cogn Sci DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2020.05.016 sha: doc_id: 340101 cord_uid: n9zqc1gm file: cache/cord-344498-mwgccbfo.json key: cord-344498-mwgccbfo authors: Casado-Aranda, Luis-Alberto; Sánchez-Fernández, Juan; Viedma-del-Jesús, María I. title: Analysis of the Scientific Production of the Effect of COVID-19 on the Environment: A Bibliometric Study date: 2020-11-03 journal: Environ Res DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110416 sha: doc_id: 344498 cord_uid: mwgccbfo file: cache/cord-347644-4qenzjiu.json key: cord-347644-4qenzjiu authors: Shorter, John R.; Maurizio, Paul L.; Bell, Timothy A.; Shaw, Ginger D.; Miller, Darla R.; Gooch, Terry J.; Spence, Jason S.; McMillan, Leonard; Valdar, William; Pardo-Manuel de Villena, Fernando title: A Diallel of the Mouse Collaborative Cross Founders Reveals Strong Strain-Specific Maternal Effects on Litter Size date: 2019-03-15 journal: G3 (Bethesda) DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.200847 sha: doc_id: 347644 cord_uid: 4qenzjiu file: cache/cord-351932-dn60t7qa.json key: cord-351932-dn60t7qa authors: Salehi, Bahare; Sener, Bilge; Kilic, Mehtap; Sharifi-Rad, Javad; Naz, Rabia; Yousaf, Zubaida; Mudau, Fhatuwani Nixwell; Fokou, Patrick Valere Tsouh; Ezzat, Shahira M.; El Bishbishy, Mahitab H.; Taheri, Yasaman; Lucariello, Giuseppe; Durazzo, Alessandra; Lucarini, Massimo; Suleria, Hafiz Ansar Rasul; Santini, Antonello title: Dioscorea Plants: A Genus Rich in Vital Nutra-pharmaceuticals-A Review date: 2019 journal: Iran J Pharm Res DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2019.112501.13795 sha: doc_id: 351932 cord_uid: dn60t7qa file: cache/cord-354651-bxm9yxjm.json key: cord-354651-bxm9yxjm authors: Zeng, Yawen; Pu, Xiaoying; Du, Juan; Yang, Xiaomeng; Li, Xia; Mandal, Md. Siddikun Nabi; Yang, Tao; Yang, Jiazhen title: Molecular Mechanism of Functional Ingredients in Barley to Combat Human Chronic Diseases date: 2020-03-30 journal: Oxid Med Cell Longev DOI: 10.1155/2020/3836172 sha: doc_id: 354651 cord_uid: bxm9yxjm file: cache/cord-349807-ar77cnsa.json key: cord-349807-ar77cnsa authors: Rouadi, Philip W.; Idriss, Samar A.; Naclerio, Robert M.; Peden, David B.; Ansotegui, Ignacio J.; Canonica, Giorgio Walter; Gonzalez-Diaz, Sandra Nora; Rosario Filho, Nelson A.; Ivancevich, Juan Carlos; Hellings, Peter W.; Murrieta-Aguttes, Margarita; Zaitoun, Fares H.; Irani, Carla; Karam, Marilyn R.; Bousquet, Jean title: Immunopathological features of air pollution and its impact on inflammatory airway diseases (IAD) date: 2020-10-05 journal: World Allergy Organ J DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100467 sha: doc_id: 349807 cord_uid: ar77cnsa file: cache/cord-355873-e5cd4o0q.json key: cord-355873-e5cd4o0q authors: Shah, Bakht Ramin; Li, Bin; Al Sabbah, Haleama; Xu, Wei; Mraz, Jan title: Effects of prebiotic dietary fibers and probiotics on human health: With special focus on recent advancement in their encapsulated formulations date: 2020-06-23 journal: Trends Food Sci Technol DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.06.010 sha: doc_id: 355873 cord_uid: e5cd4o0q file: cache/cord-354044-3ugc7odq.json key: cord-354044-3ugc7odq authors: Salazar-Gómez, Anuar; Ontiveros-Rodríguez, Julio C.; Pablo-Pérez, Saudy S.; Vargas-Díaz, M. Elena; Garduño-Siciliano, Leticia title: The potential role of sesquiterpene lactones isolated from medicinal plants in the treatment of the metabolic syndrome – A review date: 2020-09-16 journal: S DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2020.08.020 sha: doc_id: 354044 cord_uid: 3ugc7odq file: cache/cord-328814-s3963anw.json /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/json2txt-carrel.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable key: cord-328814-s3963anw authors: XU, Jing; PAN, Li-jia; JIA, Chun-sheng title: Exploration on the feasibility of moxibustion in prevention and treatment of COVID-19 from the perspective of modern medical mechanism date: 2020-06-11 journal: World J Acupunct Moxibustion DOI: 10.1016/j.wjam.2020.06.001 sha: doc_id: 328814 cord_uid: s3963anw file: cache/cord-356062-7q5n4t97.json key: cord-356062-7q5n4t97 authors: nan title: Cumulative pharmacological activity index volumes 1-30 date: 2005-12-31 journal: Studies in Natural Products Chemistry DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(05)80101-2 sha: doc_id: 356062 cord_uid: 7q5n4t97 file: cache/cord-355935-psnqrdo2.json key: cord-355935-psnqrdo2 authors: Paez, Antonio; Lopez, Fernando A.; Menezes, Tatiane; Cavalcanti, Renata; Pitta, Maira Galdino da Rocha title: A Spatio‐Temporal Analysis of the Environmental Correlates of COVID‐19 Incidence in Spain date: 2020-06-08 journal: Geogr Anal DOI: 10.1111/gean.12241 sha: doc_id: 355935 cord_uid: psnqrdo2 file: cache/cord-320591-re99v1qt.json /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/json2txt-carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes key: cord-320591-re99v1qt authors: Le, Thanh Ninh; Chiu, Chiu-Hsia; Hsieh, Pao-Chuan title: Bioactive Compounds and Bioactivities of Brassica oleracea L. var. Italica Sprouts and Microgreens: An Updated Overview from a Nutraceutical Perspective date: 2020-07-27 journal: Plants (Basel) DOI: 10.3390/plants9080946 sha: doc_id: 320591 cord_uid: re99v1qt file: cache/cord-333672-ef53l283.json /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/json2txt-carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes key: cord-333672-ef53l283 authors: Potter, Gregory D. M.; Wood, Thomas R. title: The Future of Shift Work: Circadian Biology Meets Personalised Medicine and Behavioural Science date: 2020-08-07 journal: Front Nutr DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00116 sha: doc_id: 333672 cord_uid: ef53l283 file: cache/cord-327521-g5vefajw.json /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/json2txt-carrel.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable key: cord-327521-g5vefajw authors: Spisni, Enzo; Petrocelli, Giovannamaria; Imbesi, Veronica; Spigarelli, Renato; Azzinnari, Demetrio; Donati Sarti, Marco; Campieri, Massimo; Valerii, Maria Chiara title: Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Microbial-Modulating Activities of Essential Oils: Implications in Colonic Pathophysiology date: 2020-06-10 journal: Int J Mol Sci DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114152 sha: doc_id: 327521 cord_uid: g5vefajw file: cache/cord-333119-vu4qbcy1.json /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/json2txt-carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes key: cord-333119-vu4qbcy1 authors: Zhang, Xiao-rui; Li, Ting-na; Ren, Yuan-yuan; Zeng, Yi-jia; Lv, Hong-yang; Wang, Jin; Huang, Qin-wan title: The Important Role of Volatile Components From a Traditional Chinese Medicine Dayuan-Yin Against the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-25 journal: Front Pharmacol DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.583651 sha: doc_id: 333119 cord_uid: vu4qbcy1 file: cache/cord-354459-90bvoy08.json /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/json2txt-carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes key: cord-354459-90bvoy08 authors: Zhang, Fan; Nan, Xuemei; Wang, Hui; Guo, Yuming; Xiong, Benhai title: Research on the Applications of Calcium Propionate in Dairy Cows: A Review date: 2020-08-03 journal: Animals (Basel) DOI: 10.3390/ani10081336 sha: doc_id: 354459 cord_uid: 90bvoy08 file: cache/cord-337856-xaxxewb6.json /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/json2txt-carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes key: cord-337856-xaxxewb6 authors: Trump, Cary E.; Herrod, Jessica L.; Ayres, Kevin M.; Ringdahl, Joel E.; Best, Lauren title: Behavior Momentum Theory and Humans: A Review of the Literature date: 2020-09-30 journal: Psychol Rec DOI: 10.1007/s40732-020-00430-1 sha: doc_id: 337856 cord_uid: xaxxewb6 file: cache/cord-257167-rz4r5sj7.json key: cord-257167-rz4r5sj7 authors: nan title: Abstracts for the 29th Annual Meeting of the Japan Neuroscience Society (Neuroscience2006) date: 2006-12-31 journal: Neuroscience Research DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2006.04.004 sha: doc_id: 257167 cord_uid: rz4r5sj7 file: cache/cord-022940-atbjwpo5.json key: cord-022940-atbjwpo5 authors: nan title: Poster Sessions date: 2016-09-07 journal: FEBS J DOI: 10.1111/febs.13808 sha: doc_id: 22940 cord_uid: atbjwpo5 Reading metadata file and updating bibliogrpahics === updating bibliographic database Building study carrel named keyword-effect-cord === file2bib.sh === id: cord-013138-4e9vo0xr author: Lang-Illievich, Kordula title: The Effect of Low-Level Light Therapy on Capsaicin-Induced Peripheral and Central Sensitization in Healthy Volunteers: A Double-Blinded, Randomized, Sham-Controlled Trial date: 2020-10-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-013138-4e9vo0xr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-013138-4e9vo0xr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-013138-4e9vo0xr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-024629-5q7abusm author: Luna, Beatriz title: Considerations when Characterizing Adolescent Neurocognitive Development date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-024629-5q7abusm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-024629-5q7abusm.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-024629-5q7abusm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-009385-mcfnhscj author: BLECHA, FRANK title: Rationale for Using Immunopotentiators in Domestic Food Animals date: 2012-11-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-009385-mcfnhscj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-009385-mcfnhscj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-009385-mcfnhscj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-005080-r01ii1bu author: Butler, Colin D. title: Human Health, Well-Being, and Global Ecological Scenarios date: 2005-02-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-005080-r01ii1bu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-005080-r01ii1bu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-005080-r01ii1bu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-006987-1hf8vyhz author: Abass, Ahmed O title: Propolis supplementation attenuates the negative effects of oxidative stress induced by paraquat injection on productive performance and immune function in turkey poults date: 2017-10-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-006987-1hf8vyhz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-006987-1hf8vyhz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-006987-1hf8vyhz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271785-vmnc8yg6 author: Minetti, Giampaolo title: Mevalonate pathway, selenoproteins, redox balance, immune system, Covid-19: Reasoning about connections date: 2020-07-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271785-vmnc8yg6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271785-vmnc8yg6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-271785-vmnc8yg6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272309-v72796pu author: Tootee, Ali title: Ramadan fasting during Covid-19 pandemic date: 2020-04-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272309-v72796pu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272309-v72796pu.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-272309-v72796pu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-002643-y5et8pqg author: Dong, Xiaoxv title: Cassiae semen: A review of its phytochemistry and pharmacology date: 2017-06-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-002643-y5et8pqg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-002643-y5et8pqg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-002643-y5et8pqg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-010921-yzv43e8l author: Kaye, Alan David title: Dexmedetomidine in Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Protocols for Postoperative Pain date: 2020-04-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-010921-yzv43e8l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-010921-yzv43e8l.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-010921-yzv43e8l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-002005-35c6mak0 author: Parker, Philip D. title: What Effect Did the Global Financial Crisis Have Upon Youth Wellbeing? Evidence From Four Australian Cohorts date: 2016-02-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-002005-35c6mak0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-002005-35c6mak0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-002005-35c6mak0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-009703-ampqjbqw author: Chacón‐Labella, Julia title: Plant domestication disrupts biodiversity effects across major crop types date: 2019-07-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-009703-ampqjbqw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-009703-ampqjbqw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-009703-ampqjbqw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-013176-6ckuya1w author: Ninfali, Paolino title: Antiviral Properties of Flavonoids and Delivery Strategies date: 2020-08-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-013176-6ckuya1w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-013176-6ckuya1w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-013176-6ckuya1w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-006192-bqwchhwk author: Persson, Carl G. A. title: Plasma exudation and asthma date: 1988 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-006192-bqwchhwk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-006192-bqwchhwk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-006192-bqwchhwk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-006082-x1kankxd author: Romero, Cesar A. title: Novel RAAS agonists and antagonists: clinical applications and controversies date: 2015-02-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-006082-x1kankxd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-006082-x1kankxd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-006082-x1kankxd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-013477-dzm4xi21 author: Filardi, Tiziana title: Curcumin: Could This Compound Be Useful in Pregnancy and Pregnancy-Related Complications? date: 2020-10-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-013477-dzm4xi21.txt cache: ./cache/cord-013477-dzm4xi21.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-013477-dzm4xi21.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-009987-biop7gyd author: Ali, Muhammad title: Selected hepatoprotective herbal medicines: Evidence from ethnomedicinal applications, animal models, and possible mechanism of actions date: 2017-10-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-009987-biop7gyd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-009987-biop7gyd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-009987-biop7gyd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259744-r9j5yzfc author: McDonagh, Phillip title: Identification and characterisation of small molecule inhibitors of feline coronavirus replication date: 2014-12-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259744-r9j5yzfc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259744-r9j5yzfc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-259744-r9j5yzfc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253251-i79h14f7 author: Kandala, Ngianga-Bakwin title: An investigation of district spatial variations of childhood diarrhoea and fever morbidity in Malawi date: 2005-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253251-i79h14f7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253251-i79h14f7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-253251-i79h14f7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279586-likfvwwj author: Jin, Jian title: Effects of Sonication on the In vitro Digestibility and Structural Properties of Buckwheat Protein Isolates date: 2020-09-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279586-likfvwwj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279586-likfvwwj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-279586-likfvwwj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-032546-7786vr0y author: Guo, Siyu title: Comparative Efficacy of Danshen Class Injections for Treating Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Multidimensional Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials date: 2020-08-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-032546-7786vr0y.txt cache: ./cache/cord-032546-7786vr0y.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-032546-7786vr0y.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269206-160ddfsc author: Ceylan, Rahmiye Figen title: Historical evidence for economic effects of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269206-160ddfsc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269206-160ddfsc.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-269206-160ddfsc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-143246-f97v2cih author: Paul, Aneesh Mathews title: Multifaceted COVID-19 Outbreak date: 2020-08-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-143246-f97v2cih.txt cache: ./cache/cord-143246-f97v2cih.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-143246-f97v2cih.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-016460-39yniw0t author: Ben-Chetrit, Eldad title: Colchicine date: 2018-07-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-016460-39yniw0t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-016460-39yniw0t.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-016460-39yniw0t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286610-woqb1t06 author: Choukér, Alexander title: COVID-19—The largest isolation study in history: the value of shared learnings from spaceflight analogs date: 2020-10-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286610-woqb1t06.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286610-woqb1t06.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-286610-woqb1t06.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270337-92a5uwjf author: Hughes, Dyfrig A. title: Acute chloroquine poisoning: A comprehensive experimental toxicology assessment of the role of diazepam date: 2020-06-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270337-92a5uwjf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270337-92a5uwjf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-270337-92a5uwjf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-006518-al94gxjw author: Calder, Philip C. title: n−3 Fatty acids, inflammation, and immunity— Relevance to postsurgical and critically III patients date: 2004 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-006518-al94gxjw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-006518-al94gxjw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-006518-al94gxjw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-033334-p7szd86k author: Mann, Jaclyn Kelly title: The potential of lactoferrin, ovotransferrin and lysozyme as antiviral and immune-modulating agents in COVID-19 date: 2020-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-033334-p7szd86k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-033334-p7szd86k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-033334-p7szd86k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-026490-9xg8v6h5 author: Beikzadeh, Samira title: The Effects of Novel Thermal and Nonthermal Technologies on the Properties of Edible Food Packaging date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-026490-9xg8v6h5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-026490-9xg8v6h5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-026490-9xg8v6h5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257197-i9bucuma author: Natarajan, Pavithra title: Understanding the influence of experimental factors on bio-interactions of nanoparticles: Towards improving correlation between in vitro and in vivo studies date: 2020-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257197-i9bucuma.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257197-i9bucuma.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-257197-i9bucuma.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261150-cdo7y3ob author: Fthenakis, G. C. title: Interactions between parasitic infections and reproductive efficiency in sheep date: 2015-02-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261150-cdo7y3ob.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261150-cdo7y3ob.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-261150-cdo7y3ob.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279166-kt35mg7o author: Howell, Amy B. title: The Pomegranate: Effects on Bacteria and Viruses That Influence Human Health date: 2013-05-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279166-kt35mg7o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279166-kt35mg7o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-279166-kt35mg7o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287243-fm3587ww author: Scanes, Colin G. title: Reproductive management of poultry date: 2020-01-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287243-fm3587ww.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287243-fm3587ww.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-287243-fm3587ww.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-102595-3lbrfsrh author: Adam, Kirsten C.S. title: Steady-state visually evoked potentials and feature-based attention: Pre-registered null results and a focused review of methodological considerations date: 2020-10-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-102595-3lbrfsrh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-102595-3lbrfsrh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-102595-3lbrfsrh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-009907-4jfr98wl author: Nelson, Randy J. title: Minireview The influence of season, photoperiod, and pineal melatonin on immune function date: 2007-01-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-009907-4jfr98wl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-009907-4jfr98wl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-009907-4jfr98wl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-025170-dtbm4ue1 author: Malbrain, Manu L. N. G. title: Intravenous fluid therapy in the perioperative and critical care setting: Executive summary of the International Fluid Academy (IFA) date: 2020-05-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-025170-dtbm4ue1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-025170-dtbm4ue1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-025170-dtbm4ue1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-024111-7yrftdp4 author: Zhang, Runzhi title: Traditional Chinese Medicine and Gut Microbiome: Their Respective and Concert Effects on Healthcare date: 2020-04-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-024111-7yrftdp4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-024111-7yrftdp4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-024111-7yrftdp4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-009371-ub4p4ngr author: Mollenhauer, Hilton H. title: Alteration of intracellular traffic by monensin; mechanism, specificity and relationship to toxicity date: 1990-05-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-009371-ub4p4ngr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-009371-ub4p4ngr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-009371-ub4p4ngr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271122-3fsl5589 author: Wathes, D. Claire title: Importance of Viral Disease in Dairy Cow Fertility date: 2019-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271122-3fsl5589.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271122-3fsl5589.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-271122-3fsl5589.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267345-pmtecdko author: Hao, Da Cheng title: Phytochemical and biological research of Polygoneae medicinal resources date: 2015-07-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267345-pmtecdko.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267345-pmtecdko.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-267345-pmtecdko.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289599-7vsynfgn author: Kostoff, Ronald N. title: COVID-19 vaccine safety date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289599-7vsynfgn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289599-7vsynfgn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-289599-7vsynfgn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256992-rwy0n01l author: Taheri, Yasaman title: Myricetin bioactive effects: moving from preclinical evidence to potential clinical applications date: 2020-08-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256992-rwy0n01l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256992-rwy0n01l.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-256992-rwy0n01l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256838-8rzibpbl author: Eng, Yi Shin title: Unraveling the Molecular Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine: Formulas Against Acute Airway Viral Infections as Examples date: 2019-09-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256838-8rzibpbl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256838-8rzibpbl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-256838-8rzibpbl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253000-nwbmxepi author: Margină, Denisa title: Chronic Inflammation in the Context of Everyday Life: Dietary Changes as Mitigating Factors date: 2020-06-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253000-nwbmxepi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253000-nwbmxepi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-253000-nwbmxepi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-013333-7jx4t0ol author: Palloni, Alberto title: Impacts of the 1918 flu on survivors' nutritional status: A double quasi-natural experiment date: 2020-10-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-013333-7jx4t0ol.txt cache: ./cache/cord-013333-7jx4t0ol.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-013333-7jx4t0ol.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260413-elyn2fdh author: Żółkiewicz, Jakub title: Postbiotics—A Step Beyond Pre- and Probiotics date: 2020-07-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260413-elyn2fdh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260413-elyn2fdh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-260413-elyn2fdh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270673-apr9oyqa author: Rosselló, Jaume title: The effects of natural disasters on international tourism: A global analysis date: 2020-02-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270673-apr9oyqa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270673-apr9oyqa.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-270673-apr9oyqa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-018009-8j40876m author: Campbell, Duncan J. John title: ACE Inhibition in Heart Failure and Ischaemic Heart Disease date: 2007 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-018009-8j40876m.txt cache: ./cache/cord-018009-8j40876m.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-018009-8j40876m.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257514-gw9xnb4x author: Yang, Mengling title: Hydrogen: A Novel Option in Human Disease Treatment date: 2020-09-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257514-gw9xnb4x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257514-gw9xnb4x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-257514-gw9xnb4x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267284-3uz0v29k author: Schneiderová, Kristýna title: Phytochemical profile of Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb). Steud. date: 2014-08-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267284-3uz0v29k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267284-3uz0v29k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-267284-3uz0v29k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-022658-mq91h15t author: nan title: Executive summary date: 2008-12-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-022658-mq91h15t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-022658-mq91h15t.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-022658-mq91h15t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-000549-qwhaesfk author: Hurley, Walter L. title: Perspectives on Immunoglobulins in Colostrum and Milk date: 2011-04-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-000549-qwhaesfk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-000549-qwhaesfk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-000549-qwhaesfk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-033736-bsmqqi6j author: Bajraktari, Saranda title: Health-promoting and preventive interventions for community-dwelling older people published from inception to 2019: a scoping review to guide decision making in a Swedish municipality context date: 2020-10-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-033736-bsmqqi6j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-033736-bsmqqi6j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-033736-bsmqqi6j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-030027-273pjajl author: Moriconi, Eleonora title: Neuroendocrine and Metabolic Effects of Low-Calorie and Non-Calorie Sweeteners date: 2020-07-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-030027-273pjajl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-030027-273pjajl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-030027-273pjajl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252855-xtsnlu1f author: Drago-Serrano, Maria Elisa title: Lactoferrin: Balancing Ups and Downs of Inflammation Due to Microbial Infections date: 2017-03-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252855-xtsnlu1f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252855-xtsnlu1f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-252855-xtsnlu1f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-019001-ralxw4ad author: Oishi, Peter title: Diseases of the Pulmonary Vascular System date: 2008-11-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-019001-ralxw4ad.txt cache: ./cache/cord-019001-ralxw4ad.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-019001-ralxw4ad.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-018095-for6qa1s author: Chandrappa, Ramesha title: Major Issues of Air Pollution date: 2015-08-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-018095-for6qa1s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-018095-for6qa1s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-018095-for6qa1s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280605-2i4gk7et author: Bachmann, María Consuelo title: The Challenge by Multiple Environmental and Biological Factors Induce Inflammation in Aging: Their Role in the Promotion of Chronic Disease date: 2020-10-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280605-2i4gk7et.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280605-2i4gk7et.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-280605-2i4gk7et.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268088-y4vg7frb author: Montané, Xavier title: Current Perspectives of the Applications of Polyphenols and Flavonoids in Cancer Therapy date: 2020-07-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268088-y4vg7frb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268088-y4vg7frb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-268088-y4vg7frb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-017916-wh708hes author: Mocchegiani, Eugenio title: Role of Zinc and Selenium in Oxidative Stress and Immunosenescence: Implications for Healthy Ageing and Longevity date: 2008-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-017916-wh708hes.txt cache: ./cache/cord-017916-wh708hes.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-017916-wh708hes.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-015910-d9gxew91 author: Grimble, Robert F. title: The Interaction Between Nutrition and Inflammatory Stress Throughout the Life Cycle date: 2005 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-015910-d9gxew91.txt cache: ./cache/cord-015910-d9gxew91.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-015910-d9gxew91.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293139-uj1m3t79 author: Hua, Jinxi title: Competing PM2.5 and NO2 holiday effects in the Beijing area vary locally due to differences in residential coal burning and traffic patterns date: 2020-08-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293139-uj1m3t79.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293139-uj1m3t79.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-293139-uj1m3t79.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299363-y7o8ovf9 author: Guliyev, Hasraddin title: Determining the spatial effects of COVID-19 using the spatial panel data model date: 2020-04-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299363-y7o8ovf9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299363-y7o8ovf9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-299363-y7o8ovf9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301539-9acp0m33 author: Lin, Chih-Yin title: Potential Role of Nrf2 Activators with Dual Antiviral and Anti-Inflammatory Properties in the Management of Viral Pneumonia date: 2020-06-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301539-9acp0m33.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301539-9acp0m33.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-301539-9acp0m33.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276006-mjjnkqv6 author: Jarach, Natanel title: Polymers in the Medical Antiviral Front-Line date: 2020-07-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276006-mjjnkqv6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276006-mjjnkqv6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-276006-mjjnkqv6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-017148-o9qg2qta author: Mocchegiani, Eugenio title: Role of Zinc and Selenium in Oxidative Stress and Immunosenescence: Implications for Healthy Aging and Longevity date: 2019-04-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-017148-o9qg2qta.txt cache: ./cache/cord-017148-o9qg2qta.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-017148-o9qg2qta.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-007695-a578obgg author: Canning, B.J. title: Sensory Nerves and Airway Irritability date: 2009-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-007695-a578obgg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-007695-a578obgg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-007695-a578obgg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299547-9i8kv8p8 author: Aucejo, Esteban M. title: The Impact of COVID-19 on Student Experiences and Expectations: Evidence from a Survey date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299547-9i8kv8p8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299547-9i8kv8p8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-299547-9i8kv8p8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269943-g77qe5ml author: Di Sotto, Antonella title: Plant-Derived Nutraceuticals and Immune System Modulation: An Evidence-Based Overview date: 2020-08-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269943-g77qe5ml.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269943-g77qe5ml.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-269943-g77qe5ml.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-017041-0zxoq68m author: Volochnyuk, Dmitriy M. title: Fluorine-Containing Diazines in Medicinal Chemistry and Agrochemistry date: 2014-06-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-017041-0zxoq68m.txt cache: ./cache/cord-017041-0zxoq68m.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-017041-0zxoq68m.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291559-h6czy5bh author: Koirala, Prashamsa title: Recent advances in pharmacological research on Ecklonia species: a review date: 2017-08-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291559-h6czy5bh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291559-h6czy5bh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-291559-h6czy5bh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295335-oa4twg2z author: Pastorino, Giulia title: Liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra): A phytochemical and pharmacological review date: 2018-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295335-oa4twg2z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295335-oa4twg2z.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-295335-oa4twg2z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260092-pmufsvg9 author: Nieuwland, Mante S. title: Anticipating words during spoken discourse comprehension: A large-scale, pre-registered replication study using brain potentials() date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260092-pmufsvg9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260092-pmufsvg9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-260092-pmufsvg9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338778-l53i77rn author: Kim, Hong-bumm title: Do expectations of future wealth increase outbound tourism? Evidence from Korea date: 2012-01-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338778-l53i77rn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338778-l53i77rn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-338778-l53i77rn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297597-tqc1usry author: Godden, Sandra title: Colostrum Management for Dairy Calves date: 2008-02-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297597-tqc1usry.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297597-tqc1usry.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-297597-tqc1usry.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310883-t5r4xqj3 author: Grundler, Franziska title: Interplay between oxidative damage, the redox status, and metabolic biomarkers during long-term fasting date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310883-t5r4xqj3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310883-t5r4xqj3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-310883-t5r4xqj3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-017907-997yo3ni author: Gralinski, Michael title: Methods to Induce Cardiac Hypertrophy and Insufficiency date: 2015-07-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-017907-997yo3ni.txt cache: ./cache/cord-017907-997yo3ni.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-017907-997yo3ni.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325779-pxnl4wgc author: Liang, Yu-lei title: Thoughts on the effects of moxa smoke in the epidemic prevention: 关于艾烟防疫作用的思考 date: 2020-07-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325779-pxnl4wgc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325779-pxnl4wgc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-325779-pxnl4wgc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339475-okw6la2b author: nan title: Chapter 11 Health effects date: 2005-12-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339475-okw6la2b.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339475-okw6la2b.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-339475-okw6la2b.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299424-qy3lccjq author: MUBAGWA, Kanigula title: Chloroquine cardiac effects and toxicity.A short update. date: 2020-06-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299424-qy3lccjq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299424-qy3lccjq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-299424-qy3lccjq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321590-8y1jy01c author: Hetland, Geir title: Can medicinal mushrooms have prophylactic or therapeutic effect against COVID‐19 and its pneumonic superinfection and complicating inflammation? date: 2020-07-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321590-8y1jy01c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321590-8y1jy01c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-321590-8y1jy01c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-022903-08ugoxns author: Jensen, Bent Borg title: Extensive Literature Search on the ‘Effects of Copper intake levels in the gut microbiota profile of target animals, in particular piglets’ date: 2016-05-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-022903-08ugoxns.txt cache: ./cache/cord-022903-08ugoxns.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-022903-08ugoxns.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308946-5flw7xk4 author: Kreiner, Jenny title: Saposhnikoviae divaricata: a phytochemical, pharmacological, and pharmacokinetic review date: 2017-04-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308946-5flw7xk4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308946-5flw7xk4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-308946-5flw7xk4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316181-ccauw70y author: Yang, Fude title: Radix Bupleuri: A Review of Traditional Uses, Botany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology date: 2017-05-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316181-ccauw70y.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316181-ccauw70y.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-316181-ccauw70y.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298265-elbnzgx6 author: Mutua, Victoria title: A Review of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) in Disease: Potential Anti-NETs Therapeutics date: 2020-08-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298265-elbnzgx6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298265-elbnzgx6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-298265-elbnzgx6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272465-i2l4cq8h author: Law, Betty Yuen Kwan title: New Potential Pharmacological Functions of Chinese Herbal Medicines via Regulation of Autophagy date: 2016-03-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272465-i2l4cq8h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272465-i2l4cq8h.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-272465-i2l4cq8h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339293-7ks3bopm author: Nejatifard, Marzieh title: Probable Positive Effects of the Photobiomodulation as an Adjunctive Treatment in COVID-19: A Systematic Review date: 2020-10-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339293-7ks3bopm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339293-7ks3bopm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-339293-7ks3bopm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322279-6ffnejwj author: Kwon, Seungwon title: Could herbal medicine (Soshihotang) be a new treatment option for COVID-19?: A Narrative Review date: 2020-07-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322279-6ffnejwj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322279-6ffnejwj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-322279-6ffnejwj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341720-qwdjb7vk author: Jukic, Igor title: Strategies and Solutions for Team Sports Athletes in Isolation due to COVID-19 date: 2020-04-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341720-qwdjb7vk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341720-qwdjb7vk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-341720-qwdjb7vk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327045-hn8pmcto author: Li, Yao title: Quercetin, Inflammation and Immunity date: 2016-03-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327045-hn8pmcto.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327045-hn8pmcto.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-327045-hn8pmcto.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323647-q67fa0m3 author: Misra, Durga Prasanna title: Benefits and adverse effects of hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate and colchicine: searching for repurposable drug candidates date: 2020-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323647-q67fa0m3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323647-q67fa0m3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-323647-q67fa0m3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323467-ifwjvvjj author: Beaver, Annabelle title: Invited review: A systematic review of the effects of early separation on dairy cow and calf health date: 2019-07-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323467-ifwjvvjj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323467-ifwjvvjj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-323467-ifwjvvjj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344498-mwgccbfo author: Casado-Aranda, Luis-Alberto title: Analysis of the Scientific Production of the Effect of COVID-19 on the Environment: A Bibliometric Study date: 2020-11-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344498-mwgccbfo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344498-mwgccbfo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-344498-mwgccbfo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350973-rprrkr37 author: Ahmad, Md Faruque title: An updated knowledge of Black seed (Nigella sativa Linn): Review of phytochemical constituents and pharmacological properties date: 2020-09-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350973-rprrkr37.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350973-rprrkr37.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-350973-rprrkr37.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355873-e5cd4o0q author: Shah, Bakht Ramin title: Effects of prebiotic dietary fibers and probiotics on human health: With special focus on recent advancement in their encapsulated formulations date: 2020-06-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355873-e5cd4o0q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355873-e5cd4o0q.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-355873-e5cd4o0q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339082-8gogju5n author: Swire-Thompson, Briony title: Searching for the Backfire Effect: Measurement and Design Considerations date: 2020-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339082-8gogju5n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339082-8gogju5n.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-339082-8gogju5n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345696-gwbi6nlt author: Álvarez-Castro, José M. title: Gene–Environment Interaction in the Era of Precision Medicine – Filling the Potholes Rather Than Starting to Build a New Road date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345696-gwbi6nlt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345696-gwbi6nlt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-345696-gwbi6nlt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331633-ix5un6c9 author: Teixeira, Maria C. title: Nanomedicines for the Delivery of Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) date: 2020-03-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331633-ix5un6c9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331633-ix5un6c9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-331633-ix5un6c9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-007798-9ht7cqhu author: Smith, Silas W. title: Drugs and pharmaceuticals: management of intoxication and antidotes date: 2010-02-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-007798-9ht7cqhu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-007798-9ht7cqhu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-007798-9ht7cqhu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331270-12zx0o2p author: Rico, Timóteo Matthies title: Use of Text Messaging (SMS) for the Management of Side Effects in Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy Treatment: a Randomized Controlled Trial date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331270-12zx0o2p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331270-12zx0o2p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-331270-12zx0o2p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328814-s3963anw author: XU, Jing title: Exploration on the feasibility of moxibustion in prevention and treatment of COVID-19 from the perspective of modern medical mechanism date: 2020-06-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328814-s3963anw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328814-s3963anw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-328814-s3963anw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310663-504p29hv author: Gambardella, Jessica title: Arginine and Endothelial Function date: 2020-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310663-504p29hv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310663-504p29hv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-310663-504p29hv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316992-fe5u2oi0 author: Nirk, Eliise Laura title: Hydroxychloroquine in rheumatic autoimmune disorders and beyond date: 2020-07-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316992-fe5u2oi0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316992-fe5u2oi0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-316992-fe5u2oi0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340882-why0t9ld author: Carneiro, Lara title: The Effects of Exclusively Resistance Training-Based Supervised Programs in People with Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials date: 2020-09-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340882-why0t9ld.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340882-why0t9ld.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-340882-why0t9ld.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347644-4qenzjiu author: Shorter, John R. title: A Diallel of the Mouse Collaborative Cross Founders Reveals Strong Strain-Specific Maternal Effects on Litter Size date: 2019-03-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347644-4qenzjiu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347644-4qenzjiu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-347644-4qenzjiu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348106-agwdmtug author: Shankar, Venkatesh title: Omnichannel Marketing: Are Cross-Channel Effects Symmetric? date: 2020-09-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348106-agwdmtug.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348106-agwdmtug.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-348106-agwdmtug.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348994-ly2fop7d author: Faustini, Annunziata title: Attributable Risk to Assess the Health Impact of Air Pollution: Advances, Controversies, State of the Art and Future Needs date: 2020-06-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348994-ly2fop7d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348994-ly2fop7d.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-348994-ly2fop7d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-006226-fn7zlutj author: nan title: Abstracts of the 4th annual meeting of the German Society of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapy: Hannover, 14–17 September 1994 date: 1994 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-006226-fn7zlutj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-006226-fn7zlutj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-006226-fn7zlutj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282101-2usqpy2j author: Hassan, Atef A. title: Nanomaterials and nanocomposite applications in veterinary medicine date: 2020-05-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282101-2usqpy2j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282101-2usqpy2j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-282101-2usqpy2j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335024-0klf75qr author: Saponaro, Federica title: An Update on Vitamin D Metabolism date: 2020-09-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335024-0klf75qr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335024-0klf75qr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-335024-0klf75qr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-016742-y7jgjera author: Bauer, Maria title: Cardiovascular Anatomy and Pharmacology date: 2017-07-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-016742-y7jgjera.txt cache: ./cache/cord-016742-y7jgjera.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-016742-y7jgjera.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344988-09vpehvf author: Overbeck, Silke title: Modulating the immune response by oral zinc supplementation: a single approach for multiple diseases date: 2008-02-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344988-09vpehvf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344988-09vpehvf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-344988-09vpehvf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302398-gsg6akaz author: Wu, Mengjie title: Microplastics in waters and soils: Occurrence, analytical methods and ecotoxicological effects date: 2020-10-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302398-gsg6akaz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302398-gsg6akaz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-302398-gsg6akaz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333119-vu4qbcy1 author: Zhang, Xiao-rui title: The Important Role of Volatile Components From a Traditional Chinese Medicine Dayuan-Yin Against the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333119-vu4qbcy1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333119-vu4qbcy1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-333119-vu4qbcy1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-356062-7q5n4t97 author: nan title: Cumulative pharmacological activity index volumes 1-30 date: 2005-12-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-356062-7q5n4t97.txt cache: ./cache/cord-356062-7q5n4t97.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-356062-7q5n4t97.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340101-n9zqc1gm author: Bzdok, Danilo title: The Neurobiology of Social Distance date: 2020-06-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340101-n9zqc1gm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340101-n9zqc1gm.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-340101-n9zqc1gm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354459-90bvoy08 author: Zhang, Fan title: Research on the Applications of Calcium Propionate in Dairy Cows: A Review date: 2020-08-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354459-90bvoy08.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354459-90bvoy08.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-354459-90bvoy08.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320591-re99v1qt author: Le, Thanh Ninh title: Bioactive Compounds and Bioactivities of Brassica oleracea L. var. Italica Sprouts and Microgreens: An Updated Overview from a Nutraceutical Perspective date: 2020-07-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320591-re99v1qt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320591-re99v1qt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-320591-re99v1qt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337856-xaxxewb6 author: Trump, Cary E. title: Behavior Momentum Theory and Humans: A Review of the Literature date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337856-xaxxewb6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337856-xaxxewb6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-337856-xaxxewb6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355935-psnqrdo2 author: Paez, Antonio title: A Spatio‐Temporal Analysis of the Environmental Correlates of COVID‐19 Incidence in Spain date: 2020-06-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355935-psnqrdo2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355935-psnqrdo2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-355935-psnqrdo2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349807-ar77cnsa author: Rouadi, Philip W. title: Immunopathological features of air pollution and its impact on inflammatory airway diseases (IAD) date: 2020-10-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349807-ar77cnsa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349807-ar77cnsa.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-349807-ar77cnsa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-030909-6if3qquj author: nan title: Perspectives on the Economics of the Environment in the Shadow of Coronavirus date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-030909-6if3qquj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-030909-6if3qquj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-030909-6if3qquj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351932-dn60t7qa author: Salehi, Bahare title: Dioscorea Plants: A Genus Rich in Vital Nutra-pharmaceuticals-A Review date: 2019 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351932-dn60t7qa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351932-dn60t7qa.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-351932-dn60t7qa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354044-3ugc7odq author: Salazar-Gómez, Anuar title: The potential role of sesquiterpene lactones isolated from medicinal plants in the treatment of the metabolic syndrome – A review date: 2020-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354044-3ugc7odq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354044-3ugc7odq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-354044-3ugc7odq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327521-g5vefajw author: Spisni, Enzo title: Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Microbial-Modulating Activities of Essential Oils: Implications in Colonic Pathophysiology date: 2020-06-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327521-g5vefajw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327521-g5vefajw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-327521-g5vefajw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353815-w35spqqt author: Huan, Yuchen title: Antimicrobial Peptides: Classification, Design, Application and Research Progress in Multiple Fields date: 2020-10-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353815-w35spqqt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353815-w35spqqt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-353815-w35spqqt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-017499-51yy7y9n author: Freye, Enno title: Mechanism of Action of Opioids and Clinical Effects date: 2008 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-017499-51yy7y9n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-017499-51yy7y9n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-017499-51yy7y9n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305240-r6i7d06v author: Dimitrova-Shumkovska, Jasmina title: Potential Beneficial Actions of Fucoidan in Brain and Liver Injury, Disease, and Intoxication—Potential Implication of Sirtuins date: 2020-05-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305240-r6i7d06v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305240-r6i7d06v.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-305240-r6i7d06v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-016444-x2qozizw author: Kato, Masamichi title: Radiofrequency Biology: In vivo date: 2006 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-016444-x2qozizw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-016444-x2qozizw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-016444-x2qozizw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299613-5ju5fcf4 author: Arthi, Vellore title: Disease, downturns, and wellbeing: Economic history and the long-run impacts of COVID-19 date: 2020-11-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299613-5ju5fcf4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299613-5ju5fcf4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-299613-5ju5fcf4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333672-ef53l283 author: Potter, Gregory D. M. title: The Future of Shift Work: Circadian Biology Meets Personalised Medicine and Behavioural Science date: 2020-08-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333672-ef53l283.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333672-ef53l283.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-333672-ef53l283.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256881-7sejcqda author: Heindel, Jerrold J. title: Data integration, analysis, and interpretation of eight academic CLARITY-BPA studies date: 2020-07-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256881-7sejcqda.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256881-7sejcqda.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-256881-7sejcqda.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299007-5m6lk409 author: Paterson, R. Russell M. title: Cordyceps – A traditional Chinese medicine and another fungal therapeutic biofactory? date: 2008-05-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299007-5m6lk409.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299007-5m6lk409.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-299007-5m6lk409.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313971-czcs1y9w author: Zhao, Yang title: Airborne Microorganisms From Livestock Production Systems and Their Relation to Dust date: 2014-04-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313971-czcs1y9w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313971-czcs1y9w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-313971-czcs1y9w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-016372-opojt70e author: DiMarco, Ross F. title: Postoperative Care of the Cardiac Surgical Patient date: 2010 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-016372-opojt70e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-016372-opojt70e.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-016372-opojt70e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354651-bxm9yxjm author: Zeng, Yawen title: Molecular Mechanism of Functional Ingredients in Barley to Combat Human Chronic Diseases date: 2020-03-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354651-bxm9yxjm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354651-bxm9yxjm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-354651-bxm9yxjm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-193947-vcm3v0ix author: Pollmann, Michael title: Causal Inference for Spatial Treatments date: 2020-10-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-193947-vcm3v0ix.txt cache: ./cache/cord-193947-vcm3v0ix.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-193947-vcm3v0ix.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295807-68sukdb1 author: Quade, Bianca N. title: The therapeutic importance of acid-base balance date: 2020-10-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295807-68sukdb1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295807-68sukdb1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-295807-68sukdb1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343303-by0b3gy0 author: Nishinari, Katsuyoshi title: Molar mass effect in food and health date: 2020-09-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343303-by0b3gy0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343303-by0b3gy0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-343303-by0b3gy0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320053-uceukiie author: Jones, Arwel Wyn title: Chapter 15 Exercise, Immunity, and Illness date: 2019-12-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320053-uceukiie.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320053-uceukiie.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-320053-uceukiie.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319646-6cex9gid author: Wu, Guoyao title: Important roles of dietary taurine, creatine, carnosine, anserine and 4-hydroxyproline in human nutrition and health date: 2020-02-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319646-6cex9gid.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319646-6cex9gid.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-319646-6cex9gid.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317250-a5ni1s9e author: Jackson, Ronald S. title: Wine, food, and health date: 2020-04-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317250-a5ni1s9e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317250-a5ni1s9e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-317250-a5ni1s9e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-017504-rtg7fs82 author: Lim, T. K. title: Punica granatum date: 2012-11-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-017504-rtg7fs82.txt cache: ./cache/cord-017504-rtg7fs82.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-017504-rtg7fs82.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-006391-esnsa4u5 author: nan title: Abstracts 5(th) Tripartite Meeting Salzburg/Austria, September 9–11,1982 date: 1982 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-006391-esnsa4u5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-006391-esnsa4u5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-006391-esnsa4u5.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 69371 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-006636-xgikbdns author: Ühlein, E. title: Übersicht Über neue ernährungswissenschaftliche Publikationen date: 1964-02-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-006636-xgikbdns.txt cache: ./cache/cord-006636-xgikbdns.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-006636-xgikbdns.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-009694-e59kuwf1 author: nan title: Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Animal Health and Welfare (AHAW) on a request from the Commission related with the risks of poor welfare in intensive calf farming systems date: 2006-06-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-009694-e59kuwf1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-009694-e59kuwf1.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-009694-e59kuwf1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-023528-z9rc0ubj author: Wilkins, Pamela A. title: Disorders of Foals date: 2009-05-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-023528-z9rc0ubj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-023528-z9rc0ubj.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-023528-z9rc0ubj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-023509-tvqpv6fp author: Corrin, Bryan title: Occupational, environmental and iatrogenic lung disease date: 2011-03-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-023509-tvqpv6fp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-023509-tvqpv6fp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 6 resourceName b'cord-023509-tvqpv6fp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320172-qw47pf9r author: Greaves, Peter title: VII Digestive System 1 date: 2000-12-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320172-qw47pf9r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320172-qw47pf9r.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-320172-qw47pf9r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-004948-ad3i9wgj author: nan title: 7th International Congress on Amino Acids and Proteins : Vienna, Austria, August 6–10, 2001 date: 2001 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-004948-ad3i9wgj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-004948-ad3i9wgj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 8 resourceName b'cord-004948-ad3i9wgj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-022889-lv6fy6e6 author: Dávalos, Alberto title: Literature review of baseline information on non‐coding RNA (ncRNA) to support the risk assessment of ncRNA‐based genetically modified plants for food and feed date: 2019-08-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-022889-lv6fy6e6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-022889-lv6fy6e6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 7 resourceName b'cord-022889-lv6fy6e6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-004584-bcw90f5b author: nan title: Abstracts: 8th EBSA European Biophysics Congress, August 23rd–27th 2011, Budapest, Hungary date: 2011-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-004584-bcw90f5b.txt cache: ./cache/cord-004584-bcw90f5b.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 10 resourceName b'cord-004584-bcw90f5b.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-022526-j9kg00qf author: Jones, Samuel L. title: Disorders of the Gastrointestinal System date: 2009-05-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-022526-j9kg00qf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-022526-j9kg00qf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 9 resourceName b'cord-022526-j9kg00qf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-026028-qj290zu6 author: nan title: Spezielle Arzneimitteltherapie in der Schwangerschaft date: 2008-12-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-026028-qj290zu6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-026028-qj290zu6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 22 resourceName b'cord-026028-qj290zu6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-006229-7yoilsho author: nan title: Abstracts of the 82(nd) Annual Meeting of the German Society for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (DGPT) and the 18(th) Annual Meeting of the Network Clinical Pharmacology Germany (VKliPha) in cooperation with the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Angewandte Humanpharmakologie e.V. (AGAH) date: 2016-02-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-006229-7yoilsho.txt cache: ./cache/cord-006229-7yoilsho.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 20 resourceName b'cord-006229-7yoilsho.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-006230-xta38e7j author: nan title: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie e.V. date: 2012-02-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-006230-xta38e7j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-006230-xta38e7j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 12 resourceName b'cord-006230-xta38e7j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-008777-i2reanan author: nan title: ECB12: 12th European Congess on Biotechnology date: 2005-07-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-008777-i2reanan.txt cache: ./cache/cord-008777-i2reanan.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 13 resourceName b'cord-008777-i2reanan.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-015021-pol2qm74 author: nan title: Third International Congress on the Immune Consequences of Trauma, Shock and Sepsis —Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches date: 1994 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-015021-pol2qm74.txt cache: ./cache/cord-015021-pol2qm74.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 21 resourceName b'cord-015021-pol2qm74.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-005814-ak5pq312 author: nan title: 8th European Congress of Intensive Care Medicine Athens - Greece, October 18–22, 1995 Abstracts date: 1995 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-005814-ak5pq312.txt cache: ./cache/cord-005814-ak5pq312.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 10 resourceName b'cord-005814-ak5pq312.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257167-rz4r5sj7 author: nan title: Abstracts for the 29th Annual Meeting of the Japan Neuroscience Society (Neuroscience2006) date: 2006-12-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257167-rz4r5sj7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257167-rz4r5sj7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 30 resourceName b'cord-257167-rz4r5sj7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-022940-atbjwpo5 author: nan title: Poster Sessions date: 2016-09-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-022940-atbjwpo5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-022940-atbjwpo5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 18 resourceName b'cord-022940-atbjwpo5.txt' Que is empty; done keyword-effect-cord === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-000549-qwhaesfk author = Hurley, Walter L. title = Perspectives on Immunoglobulins in Colostrum and Milk date = 2011-04-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 11805 sentences = 511 flesch = 38 summary = Nevertheless, bovine IgG from colostrum or milk can be effective as a means of providing passive immunity to protect animals and humans from disease. Other studies have found that treatment of children with hyperimmune bovine colostrum from cows immunized with human rotavirus serotypes reduces the duration and severity of diarrhea due to rotavirus [59] , and can provide significant protection from rotavirus infection [60] . In applications to humans, bovine whey preparations of colostrum from cows immunized with caries-inducing bacterial strains (Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus), and containing over 60% immunoglobulin of which 80% was IgG1, has been used in several studies evaluating its effect on caries-producing bacteria. This means that maternal colostrum and milk will contain antibodies specific for pathogens that may be encountered by the neonate's intestine and other mucosal tissues [10, 18, 148] , providing a rationale for the observations summarized above that bovine colostrum from nonimmunized cows also may afford passive immune protection against human pathogens [54, 55] . cache = ./cache/cord-000549-qwhaesfk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-000549-qwhaesfk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-006226-fn7zlutj author = nan title = Abstracts of the 4th annual meeting of the German Society of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapy: Hannover, 14–17 September 1994 date = 1994 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 25050 sentences = 1344 flesch = 50 summary = The following were analysed: heart rate (HR, bpm), pre-ejection time (PEP, ms), ejection time (VET, ms), HR-corrected electromechanical systole (QS2c, ms), impedance-cardiographic estimates of stroke volume (SV, ml), cardiac output (CO, I/min) and peripheral resistance (TPR, dyn.s.cm -5) calculated from CO and mean blood pressure (SBP and DBP according to auscultatory Korotkoff-I and -IV sounds This indicates that 1) about half the rise of HR and CO and half the shortening of PEP is 131-respectively 1~2-determined, 2) that predominant 132-adrenergic responses, whilst not affecting VET, take optimal benefit from the inodilatory enhancement of pump performance, 3) that an additional 131-adrenergic stimulation is proportionally less efficient, as VET is dramatically shortened, thus blunting the gain in SV so that the rise in CO relies substantially on the amplified increase of HR and 4), VET is more sensitive than QS2c in expressing additional 131-adrenoceptor agonism and 5) prime systolic time intervals provide a less speculative and physiologically more meaningful represenation of cardiac pump dynamics than HR-corrected ones. cache = ./cache/cord-006226-fn7zlutj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-006226-fn7zlutj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-002005-35c6mak0 author = Parker, Philip D. title = What Effect Did the Global Financial Crisis Have Upon Youth Wellbeing? Evidence From Four Australian Cohorts date = 2016-02-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7640 sentences = 366 flesch = 53 summary = Harmonizing 4 longitudinal cohorts of Australian youth (N = 38,017), we estimate the impact of the GFC on 1 general and 11 domain specific measures of wellbeing at age 19 and 22. As noted above, there is some evidence to suggest that social wellbeing and optimism for the future is particularly at risk during economic hard times (Clark & Heath, 2014; Elder, 1999; Lau et al., 2008) , yet research in this area has been relatively limited in the number of domains explored. The nature of the LSAY data, four birth cohorts measured roughly three years apart, allows us to compare the influence of the GFC at two distinct ages in the post high-school transition period (i.e., age 19 and 22). We were able to overcome limitations in previous research via the use of multiple cohorts of longitudinal data to explore the influence of the GFC at two different ages in one general and 11 domain specific measures of wellbeing. cache = ./cache/cord-002005-35c6mak0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-002005-35c6mak0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-006192-bqwchhwk author = Persson, Carl G. A. title = Plasma exudation and asthma date = 1988 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7200 sentences = 375 flesch = 35 summary = It is concluded that inflammatory stimulus-induced increase in macromolecular permeability of the tracheobronchial microvasculature and mucosa may be a significant pathogenetic mechanism in asthma and that the postcapillary venular endothelium and airway epithelium that regulate leakage of plasma are important effector cells in this disease. A role for plasma exudation in "dry-air-induced asthma" may be hypothesized for 2 main reasons: (1) in inflamed airways it is vessel fluid that humidifies incoming air whereas other sources are used under normal conditions [25, 45] ; (2) effective protection against this nonpharmacologic provocation is provided by drugs such as cromoglycate and glucocorticosteroids, which may have potent antileakage effects at airway endothelial-epithelial barriers [42, 107] . More recent ultrastructural, pathophysiological, and pharmacologic studies of systemic microvascular beds have shown that inflammatory mediatorinduced leakage of protein-rich plasma occurs in postcapillary venules (diameter 10-50 ~m) through large gaps (up to 1 tzm) between endothelial cells [23, 62, 64, 78, 89, 116, 122, 134, 145, 153] (Fig. 2 ). cache = ./cache/cord-006192-bqwchhwk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-006192-bqwchhwk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-006082-x1kankxd author = Romero, Cesar A. title = Novel RAAS agonists and antagonists: clinical applications and controversies date = 2015-02-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8412 sentences = 448 flesch = 42 summary = Despite the important improvements achieved with these agents in slowing the progression of established cardiorenal disease, the ACE inhibitors and the ARBs only provide a 20% reduction in the relative risk of Key points ■ Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) blockade with an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or an angiotensin receptor blocker provides a 20% relative risk reduction for the progression of established cardiorenal disease compared with other non-RAAS blocking therapies ■ The RAAS is an endocrine, paracrine and autocrine system that regulates blood pressure homeostasis through effects on a variety of target organs, as well as having a role in the responses to vascular injury and repair ■ The RAAS is a complex system with a variety of sites suitable for pharmacological intervention ■ Novel molecules that alter the production of various RAAS peptides or that alter receptor density, function or responsiveness to these peptides could have an important influence on haemodynamics and vascular structure and function www.nature.com/nrendo progression of cardiovascular disease when compared with non-RAAS blocking therapy. cache = ./cache/cord-006082-x1kankxd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-006082-x1kankxd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-005080-r01ii1bu author = Butler, Colin D. title = Human Health, Well-Being, and Global Ecological Scenarios date = 2005-02-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5041 sentences = 255 flesch = 45 summary = This article categorizes four kinds of adverse effects to human health caused by ecosystem change: direct, mediated, modulated, and systems failure. For example, O'Reilly and others (2003) concludes, in discussing the potential for further reduction in the ecosystem provisioning service of Lake Tanganyika, that ''the human implications of such subtle, but progressive, environmental changes are potentially dire in this densely populated region of the world, where large lakes are essential natural resources for regional economies.'' Ecosystem services as a significant element in state failure may be underrecognized due to our tendency to discount the future possibility of thresholds or emergence. We have explored how ecosystem services impact human health and have proposed that adverse ecological changes can interact and feedback with dysfunctional social responses, leading to the development of states that we have termed mediated and systems failure. cache = ./cache/cord-005080-r01ii1bu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-005080-r01ii1bu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-006518-al94gxjw author = Calder, Philip C. title = n−3 Fatty acids, inflammation, and immunity— Relevance to postsurgical and critically III patients date = 2004 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10029 sentences = 518 flesch = 43 summary = More recent studies showed that EPA did not induce TNF-α, IL-1β, or IL-1α (68) or IL-6 (69) in osteoblasts, and even countered the upregulating effect of arachidonic acid (68) ; that EPA and DHA could totally abolish cytokine-induced up-regulation of TNF-α, IL-1α, and IL-1β in cultured bovine chondrocytes and in human osteoarthritic cartilage explants (93, 94) ; and that EPA or fish oil inhibited endotoxin-induced TNF-α production by monocytes (111) (112) (113) (114) . Animal feeding studies with fish oil support the observations made in cell culture with respect to the effects of long-chain n-3 FA on NFκB activation and inflammatory cytokine production. Several studies in humans involving supplementation of the diet with fish oil have demonstrated decreased production of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 by endotoxin-stimulated monocytes or mononuclear cells (a mixture of lymphocytes and monocytes) (80) (81) (82) 119) . cache = ./cache/cord-006518-al94gxjw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-006518-al94gxjw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-007695-a578obgg author = Canning, B.J. title = Sensory Nerves and Airway Irritability date = 2009-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 15399 sentences = 840 flesch = 41 summary = Moreover, perhaps secondary to the end organ effects associated with C-fiber activation (mucus secretion, vascular engorgement, airway smooth muscle contraction, altered respiratory pattern, and cough), other afferent nerve subtypes, especially intrapulmonary RARs, can be activated by capsaicin challenge (Mohammed et al. Stimuli known to activate airway and lung C-fibers include capsaicin and other TRPV1 receptor ligands, acid, cationic proteins, bradykinin, thrombin, and other protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) agonists, adenosine, 5-HT 3 receptor agonists, nicotine, ATP, prostanoids, and isoprostanes, and a variety of environmental irritants including acrolein, toluene diisocyanate, and ozone Lee and Pisarri 2001; Undem et al. Activation of intrapulmonary stretch receptors (SARs) by lung Fig. 5 Reflex-evoked, airway parasympathetic nerve-dependent regulation of airway smooth muscle tone in guinea pigs in situ. In rats and in guinea pigs, bronchopulmonary C-fiber activation can also initiate an axon reflex, characterized by the peripheral release of neuropeptides that produce a variety of end-organ effects within the airways and lungs, including bronchospasm, mucus secretion, vascular engorgement, inflammatory cell recruitment, and plasma extravasation (Barnes 1986 (Barnes , 2001 Canning et al. cache = ./cache/cord-007695-a578obgg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-007695-a578obgg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-002643-y5et8pqg author = Dong, Xiaoxv title = Cassiae semen: A review of its phytochemistry and pharmacology date = 2017-06-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6152 sentences = 326 flesch = 35 summary = The crude extracts and pure compounds of Cassiae semen have been used as effective agents in preclinical and clinical practice due to their beneficial activities, including antihyperlipidemic, antidiabetic, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, antibacterial, antioxidant and hypotensive activities. A total of three naphthopyrone glucosides (compounds 49, 52 and 55) isolated from the butanol-soluble extract of Cassia semen have been evaluated for their inhibitory activity on advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation in vitro. In addition, rubrofusarin-6-O-βd-gentiobioside (compound 49) and cassiaside (compound 52) significantly inhibited the expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-1 and extracellular matrix protein in glomerular mesangial cells cultured under diabetic conditions, suggesting that the active compounds in Cassiae semen may be effective in the treatment of renal complications associated with diabetes (16) . In addition, Zhu (77) reported that the water extract of Cassia semen exhibited protective activity against STZ-induced renal fibrosis in diabetic rats. cache = ./cache/cord-002643-y5et8pqg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-002643-y5et8pqg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-004948-ad3i9wgj author = nan title = 7th International Congress on Amino Acids and Proteins : Vienna, Austria, August 6–10, 2001 date = 2001 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 73534 sentences = 3588 flesch = 45 summary = Specific CTL were derived by immunization of HHD mice with tumor peptide extracts loaded on antigen presenting cells and with HHD transfected human tumor cell lines CTL induced against peptides from various tumors recognized tumor peptides more effectively than peptides extracted from normal tissues and also reacted with a serie of peptides derived from overexpressed candidate proteins, identified by differential display methods (SAGE, Microarrays) Comparison of CTL derived from HHD mice to CTL induced from patient's PBMC showed overlapping recognition of many candidate peptides. By comparison of pro-teomic cell maps from normal controls and individuals affected with lysosomal transport disorders we have selected and identified several candidate disease-causing proteins, which have to be further studied by mutation analysis and functional expression. The results of the in vitro studies available to date strongly suggest that its effects on neuronal amino acid transport processes is mediated via some novel extracellular mechanism controlling the H ϩ (and/or other ionic) concentrations of neurones. cache = ./cache/cord-004948-ad3i9wgj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-004948-ad3i9wgj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-009385-mcfnhscj author = BLECHA, FRANK title = Rationale for Using Immunopotentiators in Domestic Food Animals date = 2012-11-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3483 sentences = 217 flesch = 39 summary = Therefore, although fully immunocompetent at birth, domestic food animal newborns differ from other mammalian neonates in being im munologically "virgin" (Kim, 1975; Salmon, 1984) and the development of totally effective immune defenses requires 2 to 3 weeks. Because of the high incidence and economic impact of respiratory and intestinal infections in young domestic animals, it is important to review studies related to the postnatal development of the mucosaassociated immune system in the pig. Several examples of virus-related im munosuppression are well documented in domestic food animals (Table III) , including viral diseases of great economic importance such as infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (bovine herpesvirus type-1) and pseudorabies, which cause severe pneumonia and death in cattle and pigs, respectively. If immunomodulators can be used to augment immune function at critical periods during the production of food animals, such as the neonatal period, and prior to or during exposure to stressors or patho genic organisms, then the economic loss caused by infectious disease should be reduced. cache = ./cache/cord-009385-mcfnhscj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-009385-mcfnhscj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-006987-1hf8vyhz author = Abass, Ahmed O title = Propolis supplementation attenuates the negative effects of oxidative stress induced by paraquat injection on productive performance and immune function in turkey poults date = 2017-10-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6779 sentences = 320 flesch = 46 summary = title: Propolis supplementation attenuates the negative effects of oxidative stress induced by paraquat injection on productive performance and immune function in turkey poults The current study was conducted to investigate the positive effects of dietary propolis (PR), as a potent naturally produced antioxidant, on growth performance and immune function of turkey poults exposed to oxidative stress induced by PQ injection. Thus, the current study was designed to investigate the effects of propolis supplementation on controlling the oxidative stress induced by paraquat injection to turkeys. In addition, growth performance of turkey birds was obtained under propolis supplementation in order to test whether it has the ability to reverse the negative effects of oxidative stress induced by paraquat. The current study also demonstrates that dietary propolis supplementation significantly increased plasma T 3 concentration in the PR+PQ group compared to PQ group which, consequently, alleviated the negative effect of paraquat injection on the growth performance of turkey poults. cache = ./cache/cord-006987-1hf8vyhz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-006987-1hf8vyhz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-009371-ub4p4ngr author = Mollenhauer, Hilton H. title = Alteration of intracellular traffic by monensin; mechanism, specificity and relationship to toxicity date = 1990-05-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 12395 sentences = 535 flesch = 46 summary = cache = ./cache/cord-009371-ub4p4ngr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-009371-ub4p4ngr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-006391-esnsa4u5 author = nan title = Abstracts 5(th) Tripartite Meeting Salzburg/Austria, September 9–11,1982 date = 1982 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 44844 sentences = 2433 flesch = 50 summary = In our parallel tests using an excision-sample technique [2] which is considerably more sensitive than the DGHM procedure, we have observed the following mean reductions in the counts of accessible bacteria: iodine in ethanol, 96%; povidone-iodine, 89%; chlorhexidine in ethanol, 88%; iso-propanol, The purpose of this study was to compare radiation injury in Guinea Pig small bowel (1) devoid of contents (2) containing bile (3) containing pancreatic juice. Studies in vitro employing isolated perfused rat pancreas and stomach revealed following results: Mean basal pancreatic somatostatin release in normal, diabetic and transplanted rats were 12___3, 24-t-7, and 17__+4 pg/ml, respectively. As these changes appear closely correlated to the blood glucose levels which show a 30 % decrease at 4 h and progressive restoration towards normal values up to 24 h, attempts have been made to alter the insulin/glucagon ratio by glucose infusion after PH and study its relation to liver regeneration. cache = ./cache/cord-006391-esnsa4u5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-006391-esnsa4u5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-009987-biop7gyd author = Ali, Muhammad title = Selected hepatoprotective herbal medicines: Evidence from ethnomedicinal applications, animal models, and possible mechanism of actions date = 2017-10-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7368 sentences = 422 flesch = 37 summary = & Thonn., Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge., Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge, Capparis spinosa (L.), Cichorium intybus (L.), Solanum nigrum (L.), Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn., Ginkgo biloba (L.), Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz, Vitex trifolia (L.), Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill., Cuscuta chinensis (Lam.), Lycium barbarum, Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels, and Litsea coreana (H. Herbal medicines are claimed to both treat and prevent diseases, which adds to a deep belief that these Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransaminase; ASP, Angelica sinensis polysaccharides; AST, aspartate transaminase; EGF, epidermal growth factor; HBV, Hepatitis B virus; LBPs, Lycium barbarum polysaccharides; WF4, Woodfordia fruticosa flower extract. cache = ./cache/cord-009987-biop7gyd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-009987-biop7gyd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-009694-e59kuwf1 author = nan title = Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Animal Health and Welfare (AHAW) on a request from the Commission related with the risks of poor welfare in intensive calf farming systems date = 2006-06-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 40663 sentences = 2064 flesch = 55 summary = Prevention of typical calf diseases in the first 6 months of life such as diarrhoea and enzootic bronchopneumonia requires a systematic approach by improving management and housing conditions, specifically the preparation of the cow, hygiene of the calving environment, including dry clean bedding and high air quality, immediate supply with maternal antibodies, no mixing with older animals and careful attention and a rapid response to any sign indicating disease. -Space requirements -Health monitoring systems and the effect of such on clinical health in calves -Infection transmission (respiratory and digestive diseases) due to direct contact between calves in relation to social benefits of mixing -Pain relief when disbudding, dehorning and castrating calves -Design of appropriate ventilation systems for calves in confined rearing conditions -Health and environmental effects of feeding minerals as antimicrobial agents -For quantitative food safety risk categorization of farming systems individually, and/or their related ranking, further scientific information is needed. cache = ./cache/cord-009694-e59kuwf1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-009694-e59kuwf1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-010921-yzv43e8l author = Kaye, Alan David title = Dexmedetomidine in Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Protocols for Postoperative Pain date = 2020-04-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7253 sentences = 431 flesch = 44 summary = As such, dexmedetomidine is now being used as part of ERAS protocols along with regional nerve blocks and other medications, to create a satisfactory postoperative outcome with reduced opioid consumption in the Post anesthesia care unit (PACU). This manuscript will comprehensively discuss dexmedetomidine with regards to postoperative pain management, ERAS protocols, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, cardiovascular and respiratory effects, toxicity, drug interactions, abuse and dependence. Analgesia with non-opioids analgesics like dexmedetomidine are being used as part of an ERAS protocol intraoperatively, along with regional nerve blocks to attain a satisfactory postoperative outcome with reduced requirements of opioids in PACU in the pediatric population. In a 2015 meta-analysis, although dexmedetomidine reduced pain intensity, opioid consumption, and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), it had no effect on recovery time [29] . Postoperative pain control after the use of dexmedetomidine and propofol to sedate patients undergoing ankle surgery under spinal anesthesia: a randomized controlled trial cache = ./cache/cord-010921-yzv43e8l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-010921-yzv43e8l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-007798-9ht7cqhu author = Smith, Silas W. title = Drugs and pharmaceuticals: management of intoxication and antidotes date = 2010-02-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 22555 sentences = 1371 flesch = 34 summary = In the context of analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anticholinergic, anticonvulsant, antihyperglycemic, antimicrobial, antineoplastic, cardiovascular, opioid, or sedative-hypnotic agents overdose, N-acetylcysteine, physostigmine, l-carnitine, dextrose, octreotide, pyridoxine, dexrazoxane, leucovorin, glucarpidase, atropine, calcium, digoxin-specific antibody fragments, glucagon, high-dose insulin euglycemia therapy, lipid emulsion, magnesium, sodium bicarbonate, naloxone, and flumazenil are specifically reviewed. As might be anticipated from the fact that supportive care suffices for the majority of poisoned patients, a typical study of routine administration of charcoal following oral overdose of primarily benzodiazepines, acetaminophen, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors could not demonstrate benefit [16, 17, 23] . Patient characteristics suggesting extracorporeal therapy include signs or symptoms of significant end organ toxicity; impaired elimination secondary to baseline comorbidities or critical illness-induced hypoperfusion; inability to tolerate or refractory to antidotal strategies (such as bicarbonate or saline); inadequate response to supportive care measures; concurrent electrolyte derangements (e.g., metformin-associated lactic acidosis); or serum drug concentrations historically associated with severe outcome [127] . cache = ./cache/cord-007798-9ht7cqhu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-007798-9ht7cqhu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-013138-4e9vo0xr author = Lang-Illievich, Kordula title = The Effect of Low-Level Light Therapy on Capsaicin-Induced Peripheral and Central Sensitization in Healthy Volunteers: A Double-Blinded, Randomized, Sham-Controlled Trial date = 2020-10-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3990 sentences = 240 flesch = 46 summary = title: The Effect of Low-Level Light Therapy on Capsaicin-Induced Peripheral and Central Sensitization in Healthy Volunteers: A Double-Blinded, Randomized, Sham-Controlled Trial INTRODUCTION: Several clinical trials have demonstrated that low-level light therapy (LLLT), a method of photobiomodulation, is an effective analgetic treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of low-level light therapy on primary and secondary hyperalgesia in a human pain model. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that low-level light therapy is effective at reducing the heat and mechanical pain threshold in a human pain model, pointing to a significant modulating effect on peripheral and central sensitization. To provide an answer to these questions, we use a human pain model developed to mimic different aspects of clinical pain and to study pain mechanisms in order to examine whether peripheral or central mechanisms contribute to the analgetic effect of LLLT. cache = ./cache/cord-013138-4e9vo0xr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-013138-4e9vo0xr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-009703-ampqjbqw author = Chacón‐Labella, Julia title = Plant domestication disrupts biodiversity effects across major crop types date = 2019-07-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6478 sentences = 333 flesch = 46 summary = We tested whether domestication has changed the potential of crop mixtures to over‐yield by comparing the performance and traits of major crop species and those of their wild progenitors under varying levels of diversity. wild progenitors and across diversity levels We compared the performance of wild and domesticated plant species mixtures using mixed effects models with residual maximum likelihood estimation. For this purpose, we used the mean relative differences for a given trait in mixture pots as a response variable, using the same mixed model as the one employed for explaining the biodiversity effects (NE, CE and SE) in crops vs. The effects of species richness (P = 0.051) and functional group richness (P = 0.021) on SE were positive in both mixtures of crops and wild progenitors (Fig. 2f , g; Table 2 ). Although wild progenitors showed higher net biodiversity effects than crops, we show that both domestication statuses over-yielded in mixtures. cache = ./cache/cord-009703-ampqjbqw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-009703-ampqjbqw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-013176-6ckuya1w author = Ninfali, Paolino title = Antiviral Properties of Flavonoids and Delivery Strategies date = 2020-08-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8102 sentences = 372 flesch = 35 summary = Quercetin, extracted from Embelia ribes (Mirsinaceae), exhibited antiviral effects against HCV, exerted through activity inhibition of the viral protease Non-Structural protein 3 (NS3), leading to a decrease in HCV replication [36] . The natural extract of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum (Vitaceae) contains many flavonoids, including vitexin, vitexin-2-O-rhamnoside, isorhamnetin, rutin, kaempferol, astragalin, quercitrin, quercetin and iso-quercetin, which were shown to be able to exert anti-influenza virus activity, with different efficiency, through the reduction of the number of plaques induced by the influenza virus in infected Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells [21] . In future perspective, this approach could be considered in order to possibly improve the antiviral activity of some flavonoids, like baicalin, that was able, like fludarabine [65] , to act against HIV-1 chronic infection of human monocytes and macrophages, inhibiting the fusion of HIV virus envelope proteins with these cells [73] . cache = ./cache/cord-013176-6ckuya1w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-013176-6ckuya1w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-013333-7jx4t0ol author = Palloni, Alberto title = Impacts of the 1918 flu on survivors' nutritional status: A double quasi-natural experiment date = 2020-10-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10567 sentences = 495 flesch = 52 summary = Because conditions that determine poor early nutritional status also increase child and adult mortality risks, it is quite likely that selection in our sample of older adults will induce to downward biases on estimates of effects of exposure to flu and earthquake. As in the previous case the additive effect of exposure is small but, unlike the model for knee height, there is an important gender differential as exposed females lose about 3 cms (about 3 percent of the mean) and the regression coefficient estimate is more than twice its standard error (-2.87 (1.42)). Because the additive effect of exposure in areas of high flu severity and affected by the earthquake implies an average increase in knee height of about 4.72, albeit with a large standard error (2.95), the total effect among females is negative and leads to a loss of 5.68 cms. The total effects of female exposure on knee height are two to three times larger among those who were born in municipios with high flu severity and affected by the earthquake. cache = ./cache/cord-013333-7jx4t0ol.txt txt = ./txt/cord-013333-7jx4t0ol.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-004584-bcw90f5b author = nan title = Abstracts: 8th EBSA European Biophysics Congress, August 23rd–27th 2011, Budapest, Hungary date = 2011-08-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 106850 sentences = 5038 flesch = 41 summary = Our goals are two-fold: (1) to monitor conformational changes in each domain upon its binding to specific ligands and then to correlate the observed changes with structural differences between the CRDs and (2) to investigate the interaction between the CRDs and lipid model membranes. Cholesterol-assisted lipid and protein interactions such as the integration into lipid nanodomains are considered to play a functional part in a whole range of membrane-associated processes, but their direct and non-invasive observation in living cells is impeded by the resolution limit of [200nm of a conventional far-field optical microscope. Therefore, to investigate the dynamic and complex membrane lateral organization in living cells, we have developed an original approach based on molecule diffusion measurements performed by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy at different spatial scales (spot variable FCS, svFCS) (1). cache = ./cache/cord-004584-bcw90f5b.txt txt = ./txt/cord-004584-bcw90f5b.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-013477-dzm4xi21 author = Filardi, Tiziana title = Curcumin: Could This Compound Be Useful in Pregnancy and Pregnancy-Related Complications? date = 2020-10-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7269 sentences = 339 flesch = 37 summary = The reported anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitoxicant, neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, antiapoptotic, antiangiogenic, anti-hypertensive, and antidiabetic properties of curcumin appear to be encouraging, not only for the management of pregnancy-related disorders, including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), preeclampsia (PE), depression, preterm birth, and fetal growth disorders but also to contrast damage induced by natural and chemical toxic agents. Results showed that 100 mg/kg curcumin significantly reduced blood glucose and insulin levels, increased hepatic glycogen content, and improved oxidative stress by reducing thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and increasing glutathione (GSH) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities in the liver of diabetic pregnant mice at gestational day 20. The authors evaluated the possible mechanisms responsible for these effects and found that curcumin-induced apoptosis was associated with the modulation of pro-and anti-apoptotic molecules (i.e., increased Bax and reduced Bcl-2 expression), ROS generation, and caspase-3 activation [66] . cache = ./cache/cord-013477-dzm4xi21.txt txt = ./txt/cord-013477-dzm4xi21.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-009907-4jfr98wl author = Nelson, Randy J. title = Minireview The influence of season, photoperiod, and pineal melatonin on immune function date = 2007-01-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9969 sentences = 590 flesch = 43 summary = Short day lengths enhance several aspects of immune function in laboratory studies, and melatonin appears to mediate many of the enhanced immunological effects of photoperiod. Taken together, it appears that seasonal fluctuations in immune parameters, mediated by melatonin, could have profound effects on the etiology and progression of diseases in humans and nonhuman animals. Many other conditions perceived as stressful, such as reduced food availability, low ambient temperatures, overcrowding, lack of shelter, or increased predator pressure, can recur seasonally leading to seasonal fluctuations in immune function among individuals, and seasonal changes in population-wide disease and death rates [Lochmiller et al., 19941. Evidence will be presented that pineal melatonin plays a critical role, both directly and indirectly through its effects on other hormones, in mediating photoperiodic modulation of immune function. Because exposure to short day lengths suppresses circulating prolactin levels, this hormone is a possible candidate for mediating some of the reported seasonal changes in immune function. cache = ./cache/cord-009907-4jfr98wl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-009907-4jfr98wl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-006636-xgikbdns author = Ühlein, E. title = Übersicht Über neue ernährungswissenschaftliche Publikationen date = 1964-02-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 31038 sentences = 4914 flesch = 58 summary = L. : Effect of a low dietary level of three types of fat on reproductive performance and tissue lipid content of the vitamin B6-deficicnt female rat. H.: Effect of dietary protein and fat on growth, protein utilization, and carcass composition of pigs fed purified diets. Effect of food fats on concentration of ketone bodies and citric acid level in blood and tissues Effect of a low dietary level of three types of fat on reproductive performance and tissue lipid content of the vitamin B6-defieient female rat The effect on the serum cholesterol levels of the consumption of a special dietary fat with a high content of unsaturated fatty acids in elderly people Effect of protein intake and cold exposure on selected liver enzymes associated with amino acid metabolism Effect of protein intake and cold exposure on selected liver enzymes associated with amino acid metabolism cache = ./cache/cord-006636-xgikbdns.txt txt = ./txt/cord-006636-xgikbdns.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-016460-39yniw0t author = Ben-Chetrit, Eldad title = Colchicine date = 2018-07-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9575 sentences = 532 flesch = 45 summary = • Rat sarcoma homolog gene family, member A (Rho A) protein is a peptide which controls the action of GTPases thereby affects tubulin dynamics • Pyrin is a specific immune sensor (pattern recognition receptor-PRR) for bacterial modifications of Rho and GTPases • Activation of RhoA inhibits pyrin activity while inactivation of RhoA causes over activation of pyrin resulting in increased production of interleukin (IL)-1, thereby enhancing inflammation • Colchicine may activate RhoA by guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF)-H1, thereby suppressing pyrin activity and inflammation • Colchicine also disrupts microtubules structure reducing neutrophils membrane elasticity and relaxation, thereby preventing their extravasation from the blood vessels to the inflammatory site cache = ./cache/cord-016460-39yniw0t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-016460-39yniw0t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-017148-o9qg2qta author = Mocchegiani, Eugenio title = Role of Zinc and Selenium in Oxidative Stress and Immunosenescence: Implications for Healthy Aging and Longevity date = 2019-04-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 14893 sentences = 679 flesch = 40 summary = These two trace elements display a common pivotal role in establishing the cellular antioxidant response as well as in mounting a proper immune response, which in turn may be useful to prevent excessive accumulation of senescent cells in aging and to reduce the senescence-associated increase of chronic inflammatory mediators. Old literature documented that zinc supplementation performed throughout the whole life span of rodents is able to delay some age-related cell-mediated immune modifications, such as the decreased circulating thymic hormone levels (Iwata et al. Dietary zinc and selenium are important nutritional factors for the immune response in protecting against the appearance of age-related diseases. These findings suggest that low dose supplementation of zinc and selenium provides significant improvement in elderly patients by increasing the humoral response after vaccination and decreased influenza compliances (respiratory tract infections) with thus a possible impact on the maintenance of health conditions during aging. cache = ./cache/cord-017148-o9qg2qta.txt txt = ./txt/cord-017148-o9qg2qta.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-016372-opojt70e author = DiMarco, Ross F. title = Postoperative Care of the Cardiac Surgical Patient date = 2010 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 26961 sentences = 1673 flesch = 42 summary = Ninety percent of all postoperative open-heart patients demonstrate a transient low cardiac output (LCO) related to the release of oxygen free radicals in response to the induced inflammatory state of cardiopulmonary bypass, or from ischemic/reperfusion injury as a result of cardioplegic arrest. Doses greater than 2 mcg/ min (>0.03 mcg/kg/min) produce effects that cause vasoconstriction with an increased SVR potentially decreasing cardiac output further as well as increasing myocardial oxygen demand. 88, 89 The indications for IABP counterpulsation are perioperative ischemia, mechanical complications of myocardial infarction (such as acute mitral regurgitation, ventricular septal defect, and cardiogenic shock), postoperative low cardiac output states not responsive to moderate doses of inotropic agents, and for the acute deterioration of myocardial function to provide temporary support or a bridge to transplantation. Inotropic effect of triiodothyronine in low cardiac output following cardioplegic arrest and cardiopulmonary bypass: an initial experience in patients undergoing open-heart surgery cache = ./cache/cord-016372-opojt70e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-016372-opojt70e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-015910-d9gxew91 author = Grimble, Robert F. title = The Interaction Between Nutrition and Inflammatory Stress Throughout the Life Cycle date = 2005 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 15205 sentences = 709 flesch = 40 summary = Binding of the transcription factors is implicated in activation of a wide range of genes associated with inflammation and the immune response, including those encoding cytokines, cytokine receptors, cell adhesion molecules, acute-phase proteins, and growth factors (Schreck, Rieber, & Baeurerle, 1991) (Fig. 4 ) . While inflammation may be exerting deleterious effects most obviously in patients, people on the borderline of health and disease living in the general population Table 4 Nutrients Commonly Used in Immunonutrient Supplements and Their Potential Mode of Action • n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: act as anti-inflammatory agents and reverse immunosuppression • Sulfur amino acids and their precursors: enhance antioxidant status via GSH synthesis • Glutamine: nutrient for immune cells, improves gut barrier function, precursor for GSH • Arginine: stimulates nitric oxide and growth hormone production, improves helper T-cell numbers • Nucleotides: RNA and DNA precursors, improve T-cell function may also require nutritional modulation of ongoing inflammatory processes. cache = ./cache/cord-015910-d9gxew91.txt txt = ./txt/cord-015910-d9gxew91.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-016742-y7jgjera author = Bauer, Maria title = Cardiovascular Anatomy and Pharmacology date = 2017-07-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 23159 sentences = 1335 flesch = 40 summary = The binding of an agonist to the adrenergic receptor replaces guanosine diphosphate (GDP) by guanosine triphosphate (GTP), and causes the α-subunit of the G-protein to break free from the β-γ complex, and act as a primary messenger: in beta receptors, it stimulates adenylate cyclase and triggers cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production, which, as a second messenger in the process of signal transduction, activates its target kinases that phosphorylate regulator proteins and ultimately increases intracellular calcium levels. Their main anti-ischemic effects are due to their ability to reduce myocardial O 2 consumption by depressing contractility, decreasing heart rate and systemic afterload, and increasing O 2 supply by coronary and collateral vasodilation. Verapamil decreases the heart rate by depressing sinoatrial and AV-nodal activity (hence its utility in the treatment of supraventricular arrhythmias), lowers systemic blood pressure due to myocardial depression and peripheral vasodilation, and produces moderate coronary artery dilation (preferred in essential hypertension and vasospastic angina). cache = ./cache/cord-016742-y7jgjera.txt txt = ./txt/cord-016742-y7jgjera.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-017499-51yy7y9n author = Freye, Enno title = Mechanism of Action of Opioids and Clinical Effects date = 2008 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 24955 sentences = 1278 flesch = 45 summary = Thus, -selective opioids like morphine, fentanyl and sufentanil, due to the high density of binding sites, mediate their main action within the brain stem and the midbrain. This sterospecificity of opiate action supports the concept of selective receptor binding to a site, which is able to distinguish in "handedness or goodness of fit" of an opioid molecule maximal response induced by administration of the active agent. On the other hand mixed agonist/antagonists, such as pentazocine, nalorphine, levallorphan, nalbuphine and butorphanol, demonstrate characteristics, which enable them to displace a pure agonist at the receptor site (antagonistic effect), but at the same time when administered by themselves, they induce opioid related effects such as analgesia and respiratory depression (agonistic effects; Table II-7) . However, a less potent opioid like codeine or tramadol, even when given in dosages higher than their therapeutic margin, will not induce a clinically relevant respiratory depressive effect ( Figure II-34) . cache = ./cache/cord-017499-51yy7y9n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-017499-51yy7y9n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-016444-x2qozizw author = Kato, Masamichi title = Radiofrequency Biology: In vivo date = 2006 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 24881 sentences = 1325 flesch = 53 summary = (1994) reported that the total power of EEG spectra increased in rats after whole-body 2.45 GHz, continuous wave microwave exposure (30 mW/cm 2 ) for 10 min; changes occurred at 10 mW/cm 2 . ( : 2000b studied the effects of the 902 MHz microwave field emitted by one model of a cell phone on the event-related desynchronization and synchronization of the 4-6 Hz, 6-8 Hz, 8-10 Hz, and 10-12 Hz EEG frequency bands of human subjects performing either (1) an auditory memory task or (2) a visual sequential letter task with three different working memory load conditions . (1987) measured sodium-dependent, high-affinity choline uptake in various regions of the brain, including frontal cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, inferior colliculus and striatum, of rats irradiated for 45 min with either pulsed or continuous wave, low-level microwaves (2.45 GHz; power density, 1 mW/cm 2 ; average whole-body SAR 0.6 W/kg). cache = ./cache/cord-016444-x2qozizw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-016444-x2qozizw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-017041-0zxoq68m author = Volochnyuk, Dmitriy M. title = Fluorine-Containing Diazines in Medicinal Chemistry and Agrochemistry date = 2014-06-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 16251 sentences = 955 flesch = 47 summary = Herein we give a comprehensive review on the biological activity and synthesis of fluorine containing, pyrimidine, pyrazine and pyridazine derivatives with relevance to medicinal and agrochemistry. Herein we give a comprehensive review on the biological activity and synthesis of fl uorine containing, pyrimidine, pyrazine and pyridazine derivatives with relevance to medicinal and agrochemistry. In an alternative approach, Fluorouracil was prepared by direct fl uorination of different pyrimidine derivatives, including uracil [ 15 ] , cytosine [ 16 ] , and orotic acid [ 17 ] . Early synthesis of Floxuridine commenced from Fluorouracil ( 1 ) which was transformed into its mercury salt 28 and then allowed to react with 2-deoxy-Dribofuranosyl chloride derivative 29 (Scheme 4 ) [ 18 ] . More precisely, Trifl uridine is transformed into α,α,α-trifl uorothymidine monophosphate ( 76 ) by thymidine kinase (Scheme 21 ); similarly to the Fluorouracil derivatives discussed in the previous sections, compound 76 is true inhibitor of thymidylate synthase. cache = ./cache/cord-017041-0zxoq68m.txt txt = ./txt/cord-017041-0zxoq68m.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-018009-8j40876m author = Campbell, Duncan J. John title = ACE Inhibition in Heart Failure and Ischaemic Heart Disease date = 2007 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 11614 sentences = 566 flesch = 41 summary = Angiotensin converting enzyme (dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase I, kininase II, EC 3.4.15.1, ACE) plays a major role in the metabolism of many different peptides, including angiotensin (Ang) I, bradykinin, kallidin, and N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyllysyl-proline (AcSDKP). Pooled analysis of the HOPE, EUROPA, and PEACE trials showed ACE inhibition reduced all cause and cardiovascular mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, and coronary artery bypass surgery, leading to the recommendation that ACE inhibitors be considered in all patients with atherosclerosis (Dagenais et al 2006) . ACE inhibitor therapy did not increase either bradykinin or kallidin peptide levels in cardiac atria of patients with ischaemic heart disease, despite the reduction in Ang II levels . Bradykinin contributes to the systemic hemodynamic effects of chronic angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in patients with heart failure Interaction between neutral endopeptidase and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition in rats with myocardial infarction: effects on cardiac hypertrophy and angiotensin and bradykinin peptide levels Bradykinin contributes to the vasodilator effects of chronic angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in patients with heart failure cache = ./cache/cord-018009-8j40876m.txt txt = ./txt/cord-018009-8j40876m.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-017907-997yo3ni author = Gralinski, Michael title = Methods to Induce Cardiac Hypertrophy and Insufficiency date = 2015-07-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 16648 sentences = 1061 flesch = 48 summary = Basic Res Cardiol 87:263-271 Weinberg EO, Schoen FJ, George D, Kagaya Y, Douglas PS, Litwin SE, Schunkert H, Benedict CR, Lorell BH (1994) Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition prolongs survival and modifies the transition to heart failure in rats with pressure overload hypertrophy due to ascending aortic stenosis. Congestive heart failure was induced, which resulted in the development of myocardial hypertrophy, impaired cardiac function, and increased expression of the natriuretic peptides in the left ventricle. (1991) tested the effects of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor not only on survival but also on left ventricular failure in the isolated Langendorff heart by measurement of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, dP/ dt max , and mean coronary flow. During the first 10 days, dogs were paced at 180 beats/min (bpm), resulting in early left ventricular dysfunction as defined by significant systolic dysfunction with decreased cardiac output, cardiac enlargement, and increased filling pressures but maintained systemic perfusion pressure and renal sodium excretion and no clinical signs of heart failure. cache = ./cache/cord-017907-997yo3ni.txt txt = ./txt/cord-017907-997yo3ni.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-018095-for6qa1s author = Chandrappa, Ramesha title = Major Issues of Air Pollution date = 2015-08-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 12587 sentences = 707 flesch = 53 summary = Issues like atmospheric brown cloud, climate change, hazardous air pollutants, black/muddy snow which are hardly discussed few decades back have now gaining importance. Air pollutant can affect plant physiological or biochemical processes resulting in significant loss of growth/yield as well as changes in nutritional quality (Ashmore and Marshall 1999) . The change in land use has also affected the production and transport of natural air pollutants like dust, pollen grains, spores, virus and bacteria. Health forests across the world is being affected by Air pollutants due to increasing tropospheric ozone concentrations, raise atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, as well as acidic precipitation. Crop failure can occur due to-(a) impact of air pollutants on crop's health, (2) climate change, (3) UV ray penetration due to damage to ozone layer. Surface level Ozone is a secondary air pollutant created in the atmosphere from the oxidation of NO x under bright sunlight as well as volatile organic. cache = ./cache/cord-018095-for6qa1s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-018095-for6qa1s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-017504-rtg7fs82 author = Lim, T. K. title = Punica granatum date = 2012-11-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 31236 sentences = 1613 flesch = 46 summary = The results suggested that the aril juice the major and tasty part of pomegranate fruit, did not contain ellagic acid and punicalagin (i.e. the polyphenols highly represented in the rind which appeared to be responsible for the antioxidant capacity) in amounts suf fi cient to exert cytoprotection in oxidatively injured, living cells. After consumption of pomegranate juice, fruit peel, aril and fl ower extracts the atherosclerotic lesion area in atherosclerotic apolipoprotein e-de fi cient (E 0) mice was signi fi cantly decreased by 44, 38, 39, 6, or 70%, respectively, as compared to placebo-treated group, while pomegranate seed oil had no effect. Further in-vitro studies showed that Punica granatum fl ower extract and its components oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, and gallic acid inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced NF-kappaB activation in macrophages. In-vitro studies using normal human epidermal keratinocytes, showed that pre-treatment with pomegranate fruit extract rich in anthocyannins and hydrolyzable tannins protected against the adverse effects of UV-B radiation by inhibiting UV-B-induced modulations of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathways (Afaq et al. cache = ./cache/cord-017504-rtg7fs82.txt txt = ./txt/cord-017504-rtg7fs82.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-017916-wh708hes author = Mocchegiani, Eugenio title = Role of Zinc and Selenium in Oxidative Stress and Immunosenescence: Implications for Healthy Ageing and Longevity date = 2008-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 12635 sentences = 581 flesch = 41 summary = Some nutritional factors (zinc and selenium) may remodel these changes leading to a possible escaping of diseases with subsequent healthy ageing, because they are especially involved in improving immune functions as well as antioxidant defense. Therefore, the interrelationships between zinc and MT is crucial in maintaining the immune response especially in ageing where the production of proinflammatory cytokines is chronic leading to a constant presence of inflammatory status coupled with low intracellular zinc ion bioavailability (Mocchegiani et al. All these "in vitro" and "in vivo" studies in ageing, some age-related diseases, and syndrome of accelerated ageing (nude mice, nTx mice, Down's Syndrome) demonstrate the pivotal role played by zinc supplementation in maintaining or improving global immune response and in fighting the oxidative stress, strengthen by findings observed in human centenarians. cache = ./cache/cord-017916-wh708hes.txt txt = ./txt/cord-017916-wh708hes.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-008777-i2reanan author = nan title = ECB12: 12th European Congess on Biotechnology date = 2005-07-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 151383 sentences = 7577 flesch = 43 summary = Mollerup Department of Chemical Engineering, Building 229, DTU, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark A variety of factors that govern the properties of proteins are utilized in the development of chromatographic processes for the recovery of biological products including the binding and release of protons, the non-covalent association with non-polar groups (often hydrophobic interactions), the association of small ions (ion exchange) and the highly specific antigen-antibody interaction (affinity interactions). Such fermenters will be needed in order to meet the increasing pressure on costs for low price commodity type products such as single cell protein or food and technical grade enzymes, and to meet the demands of the new wave of white biotech, in which bio-produced chemicals must be made at prices competitive with those of the traditional chemical industry. The presentation will focus on use of the sensitive sandwich hybridization technology for the quantitative analysis of process relevant marker genes in different kind of microbial cell cultures with a focus on the production of recombinant proteins. cache = ./cache/cord-008777-i2reanan.txt txt = ./txt/cord-008777-i2reanan.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-019001-ralxw4ad author = Oishi, Peter title = Diseases of the Pulmonary Vascular System date = 2008-11-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 12794 sentences = 669 flesch = 27 summary = In addition, physical expansion of the lung results in the release of vasoactive substances, such as PGI 2 , which increases pulmonary blood fl ow and decreases pulmonary vascular resistance in the fetal goat and lamb independent of the changes in oxygen tension [35] [36] [37] [38] [39] [40] . In humans, endothelial dysfunction, including histologic abnormalities of the endothelium, impairment of endothelium-dependent pulmonary vasodilation, and increased plasma ET-1 concentrations have been described in children with congenital heart defects and pulmonary hypertension before the development of signifi cant vascular remodeling [22, 98, 101] . In addition, neonates with PPHN and adults with advanced pulmonary vascular disease have evidence of endothelial dysfunction, impairment of endothelium-dependent pulmonary vasodilation, increased plasma ET-1 concentrations, and decreased prostacyclin production [23, 24, 62, 99] . The oral formulation is currently being investigated for chronic pulmonary hypertensive therapy, and recent short-term studies demonstrate benefi cial effects in children with advanced pulmonary vascular disease [164] . cache = ./cache/cord-019001-ralxw4ad.txt txt = ./txt/cord-019001-ralxw4ad.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-006229-7yoilsho author = nan title = Abstracts of the 82(nd) Annual Meeting of the German Society for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (DGPT) and the 18(th) Annual Meeting of the Network Clinical Pharmacology Germany (VKliPha) in cooperation with the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Angewandte Humanpharmakologie e.V. (AGAH) date = 2016-02-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 133493 sentences = 6804 flesch = 42 summary = It directly activates Protein Kinase A (PKA) or the Exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac) which is a guanine exchange factor (GEF) for the small monomeric GTPase Rap. As Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) express both cAMP effectors (Epac1 and PKA), we investigated the role of cAMP-signaling using a spheroid based sprouting assay as an in vitro model for angiogenesis. After activation, S1P receptors regulate important processes in the progression of renal diseases, such as mesangial cell migration Methods and Results: Here we demonstrate that dexamethasone treatment lowered S1P 1 mRNA and protein expression levels in rat mesangial cells measured by TaqMan® and Western blot analyses. The aim of this study was to investigate the relevance of IGFBP5 in cardiogenesis and cardiac remodeling and its role as a potential target for ameliorating stress-induced cardiac remodeling Methods and Results: We investigated the expression of Igfbp5 in murine cardiac tissue at different developmental stages by qPCR normalized to Tpt1 (Tumor Protein, Translationally-Controlled 1). cache = ./cache/cord-006229-7yoilsho.txt txt = ./txt/cord-006229-7yoilsho.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-022658-mq91h15t author = nan title = Executive summary date = 2008-12-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 12004 sentences = 656 flesch = 37 summary = Patients with rhinitis or asthma caused by allergens for which the clinical efficacy and safety of SIT have been documented by placebo-controlled, doubleblind studies, and those requiring daily pharmacotherapy for longer periods (e.g., preventive treatment during a pollen season or perennially) are candidates for SIT. in most cases when significant airway comorbidity is present (asthma, chronic sinusitis, nasal polyps, or otitis media with effusion) when the diagnosis is in question or special diagnostic testing is required when occupational rhinitis is suspected, to distinguish between clear-cut allergic reactions and toxic or nonallergic reactions when poor symptom control necessitates a consultation for environmental control measures, pharmacotherapy, or specific immunotherapy when medication side-effects are intolerable when rhinitis is only part of a complex series of mucosal allergies. cache = ./cache/cord-022658-mq91h15t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-022658-mq91h15t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-023509-tvqpv6fp author = Corrin, Bryan title = Occupational, environmental and iatrogenic lung disease date = 2011-03-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 42576 sentences = 2457 flesch = 45 summary = As a general rule, exposure to silica dust extends over many years, often 20 or more, before the symptoms of silicosis first appear: by the time the disease becomes overt clinically, much irreparable damage has been inflicted on the lungs. Confusingly, the term 'acute silicosis' has since been applied to a further effect of heavy dust exposure in tunnellers, sand blasters and silica flour workers, namely pulmonary alveolar lipoproteinosis (see below), 71, 72 whilst the terms 'accelerated silicosis' or 'cellular phase silicosis' have been substituted for 'acute silicosis' in referring to the rapid development of early cellular lesions. Asbestosis is defined as diffuse interstitial fibrosis of the lung caused by exposure to asbestos dust. The finely divided fume of several metals is highly toxic to the lungs and capable of producing severe acute and chronic damage to both the conductive airways and the alveoli, resulting in acute tracheobronchitis and bronchiolitis, diffuse alveolar damage, obliterative bronchiolitis and pulmonary fibrosis. cache = ./cache/cord-023509-tvqpv6fp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-023509-tvqpv6fp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-022903-08ugoxns author = Jensen, Bent Borg title = Extensive Literature Search on the ‘Effects of Copper intake levels in the gut microbiota profile of target animals, in particular piglets’ date = 2016-05-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 21237 sentences = 1047 flesch = 54 summary = It may be concluded from the experiments that supplementing piglet and growing pigs diet with low additional copper amounts (below 50 mg/kg Cu) seems to inhibit the population of coliform bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract. It may be concluded from the experiments that supplementing piglet and growing pigs diet with low additional copper amounts (below 50 mg/kg Cu) seems to inhibit the population of coliform bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract. In study CH18 (Kim et al., 1993) a significant reduction in the population of coliform bacteria in broiler SI content was found by the addition of 100 mg/kg Cu as Cu-methionine to the diet while it had no effect at a concentration of 50 mg/kg. Supplementing pig diets with copper concentrations above 170 mg/kg as CuSO 4 has a reducing effect on the population of lactobacilli in the gastrointestinal tract of as well piglets as growing pigs. cache = ./cache/cord-022903-08ugoxns.txt txt = ./txt/cord-022903-08ugoxns.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-024111-7yrftdp4 author = Zhang, Runzhi title = Traditional Chinese Medicine and Gut Microbiome: Their Respective and Concert Effects on Healthcare date = 2020-04-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8548 sentences = 474 flesch = 36 summary = Advances in systems biology, particularly based on the omics approaches, have resulted in a paradigm shift in both traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and the gut microbiome research. Dietary interventions might lead to the modulation of gut microbiome, which will contribute to weight loss, enhance the integrity of the intestinal barrier, and reduce the antigenic load in the circulation, ultimately improving the inflammatory and metabolic phenotypes (Xiao et al., 2014) . Previous studies have proven that TCM is conductive to maintain the homeostasis of the intestinal flora (Chang et al., 2015; Zhou et al., 2016) , and the gut microbiome could also exert pharmacological effects of the TCM on host (Park et al., 2006) , which render TCM a potential new drug in the western markets. Thus, research about relationship between TCM and gut microbiome is significant, which helps researchers to further study the pharmacological effects of TCM on the human body and the causal links among intestinal microbiome with disease. cache = ./cache/cord-024111-7yrftdp4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-024111-7yrftdp4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-025170-dtbm4ue1 author = Malbrain, Manu L. N. G. title = Intravenous fluid therapy in the perioperative and critical care setting: Executive summary of the International Fluid Academy (IFA) date = 2020-05-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9180 sentences = 454 flesch = 39 summary = Resuscitation fluids are used to correct an intravascular volume deficit or acute hypovolemia; replacement solutions are prescribed to correct existing or developing deficits that cannot be compensated by oral intake alone [6] ; maintenance solutions are indicated in hemodynamically stable patients that are not able/allowed to drink water in order to cover their daily requirements of water and electrolytes [10, 11] . Despite the unexpectedly low volume of crystalloids, the authors found a small difference in the primary outcome, i.e., the incidence of major adverse kidney events within 30 days (composite of death, new renal replacement therapy or persistent renal dysfunction) in favor of balance solutions. Effect of a buffered crystalloid solution vs saline on acute kidney injury among patients in the intensive care unit: The SPLIT randomized clinical trial Effects of fluid resuscitation with colloids vs crystalloids on mortality in critically ill patients presenting with hypovolemic shock: the CRISTAL randomized trial cache = ./cache/cord-025170-dtbm4ue1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-025170-dtbm4ue1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-030027-273pjajl author = Moriconi, Eleonora title = Neuroendocrine and Metabolic Effects of Low-Calorie and Non-Calorie Sweeteners date = 2020-07-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 11337 sentences = 568 flesch = 42 summary = Therefore, future studies will need to elucidate the potential beneficial and/or detrimental effects of different types of sweeteners on metabolic health (energy balance, appetite, body weight, cardiometabolic risk factors) in healthy subjects and patients with diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome. On the basis of the recent findings on the effects of sucralose (129) , the association of non-calorie sweeteners to a very low-carbohydrate nutritional regimen represents a valid approach to prevent the detrimental metabolic effects on insulin sensitivity and the altered neural response to sugars induced by an excessive carbohydrate consumption (Figure 1 ). non-calorie sweeteners) can result in significant beneficial or detrimental effects on energy balance, appetite, body weight, and/or cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy subjects and patients with metabolic diseases (particularly obesity and type 2 diabetes). cache = ./cache/cord-030027-273pjajl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-030027-273pjajl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-024629-5q7abusm author = Luna, Beatriz title = Considerations when Characterizing Adolescent Neurocognitive Development date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1273 sentences = 61 flesch = 19 summary = A growing number of large-scale Big Data collection efforts, in both the US (e.g., Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (PNC); Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics (PING) study; National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA); Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study; Lifespan Human Connectome Project Development (HCP-D)) and Europe (e.g., NeuroScience in Psychiatry Network (NSPN), Braintime; Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (LCBC)), as well as multi-site aggregation of existing data (e.g., Enigma Consortium)) have the potential, for the first time, to provide a rigorous understanding of the replicability and effect sizes of various developmental neuroimaging outcomes. These approaches have many key advantages, including flexible and quantitatively-defined functional forms and permit the examination of age-periods of significant change (4), which can delineate plasticity and growth that can inform predictive models for risk for psychopathology (5) and opportunities for effective interventions, though they often require very large sample sizes. cache = ./cache/cord-024629-5q7abusm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-024629-5q7abusm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-022889-lv6fy6e6 author = Dávalos, Alberto title = Literature review of baseline information on non‐coding RNA (ncRNA) to support the risk assessment of ncRNA‐based genetically modified plants for food and feed date = 2019-08-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 96011 sentences = 5041 flesch = 51 summary = This report suggests that some plant ncRNAs (e.g miRNAs and siRNAs) show higher stability as compared to other ncRNAs due to peculiar chemical characteristics (2'‐O‐methylation at 3' end).However, ingested or administered ncRNA must overcome many extracellular and cellular barriers to reach the intended target tissue or functional location in sufficient amount to exert any biological effect. Finally, the publications reporting the outcome of two EFSA procurements aiming respectively at investigating and summarising the state of knowledge on the mode-of-action of dsRNA and miRNA pathways, the potential for non-target gene regulation by dsRNA-derived siRNAs or miRNAs, the determination of siRNA pools in plant tissues and the importance of individual siRNAs for silencing 6 ; and reviewing relevant scientific information on RNA interference that could serve as baseline information for the environmental risk assessment of RNAi-based GM plants ) 7 were also used. cache = ./cache/cord-022889-lv6fy6e6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-022889-lv6fy6e6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-006230-xta38e7j author = nan title = Deutsche Gesellschaft für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie e.V. date = 2012-02-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 135419 sentences = 7042 flesch = 43 summary = Here, we will present our analysis of Ca 2+ signaling following stimulation of the FcεRI receptor and application of secretagogues that are supposed to affect Ca 2+ -dependent mast cell activation such as adenosine, endothelin-1, substance P and compound 48/80 in BMMCs and PMCs derived from mouse lines with inactivation of TRPC1, TRPC3, TRPC4, TRPC5 or TRPC6 since specific antagonists are still lacking for these TRP channels. These data indicate that increased PP2A activity is associated with modified gene expression in TG hearts possibly affecting stress response and regulation of cell signalling. As demonstrated by qPCR and Western blot experiments, mesangial cells showed a marked time-and dose-dependent upregulation of CSE mRNA and protein levels after treatment with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB). The transcription factor cAMP response element (CRE)-binding protein (CREB) plays a critical role in regulating gene expression in response to activation of the cAMPdependent signaling pathway, which is implicated in the pathophysiology of heart failure. cache = ./cache/cord-006230-xta38e7j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-006230-xta38e7j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-022526-j9kg00qf author = Jones, Samuel L. title = Disorders of the Gastrointestinal System date = 2009-05-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 108803 sentences = 5988 flesch = 38 summary = Examination of the cardiovascular system (heart, peripheral pulse, and mucous membranes), lungs, and abdomen is essential to detect clinical signs of systemic inflammation from endotoxemia, coagulation disorders, dehydration, ileus, shock, and other abnormalities resulting from injury to the small or large intestine. Several reports suggest the efficacy of cisapride in managing intestinal disease in horses, including the resolution of persistent large colon impaction, treatment of equine grass sickness, and as a preventative for POI in horses after small intestinal surgery (0.1 mg/kg body mass intramuscularly during the postoperative period). 9 Primary role-players in DPJ-associated ileus include peritoneal inflammation, inflammatory cell migration/activation within the muscularis, small intestinal mechanical distention, and effects of endotoxin absorption. Diarrhea probably results from the severe ulceration and inflammation of the large intestine, causing increased secretion of water, electrolytes, and protein and decreased absorption of fluid. cache = ./cache/cord-022526-j9kg00qf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-022526-j9kg00qf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-026490-9xg8v6h5 author = Beikzadeh, Samira title = The Effects of Novel Thermal and Nonthermal Technologies on the Properties of Edible Food Packaging date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7920 sentences = 431 flesch = 46 summary = With the increase in the request for coating and film quality, appropriate form, and high product safety and storage period, various technologies such as high hydrostatic pressure, irradiation, ultrasound, high-pressure homogenization, cold plasma, and microwave have been reviewed. Novel technologies such as microwave, high hydrostatic pressure, irradiation, cold plasma, ultrasound, and highpressure homogenization are applied with the purpose of quality improvement, thermal treatment, energy efficiency, preservation, texture and surface modification, analysis, and extraction to name a few [66, 97] . They dried chitosan films using two methods; microwave (full power, 10 min, 2450 MHz) and convention oven (35°C for 12 h) and reported that microwave increased UV-vis light barrier property of films, although had no significant effect on their thermal and structural characteristic. As a result, to improve the novel thermal and nonthermal effects on packaging, different parameters such as technology properties, types of edible film and coating, type of food matrix, and packaging storage condition must be considered. cache = ./cache/cord-026490-9xg8v6h5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-026490-9xg8v6h5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-023528-z9rc0ubj author = Wilkins, Pamela A. title = Disorders of Foals date = 2009-05-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 42569 sentences = 2235 flesch = 44 summary = First, restriction of the thorax or the abdomen can result in impaired ventilation, which can occur easily when one restrains a foal and may result in spuriously abnormal arterial blood gas values (see the discussion on arterial blood gas evaluation, Respiratory Diseases Associated with Hypoxemia in the Neonate). Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), currently referred to as neonatal encephalopathy in the human literature, is one systemic manifestation of a broader syndrome of perinatal asphyxia syndrome (PAS), and management of foals with signs consistent with a diagnosis of HIE requires the clinician to examine other body systems fully and to provide therapy directed at treating other involved systems. Therapy for the various manifestations of hypoxiaischemia involves control of seizures, general cerebral support, correction of metabolic abnormalities, maintenance of normal arterial blood gas values, maintenance of tissue perfusion, maintenance of renal function, treatment of gastrointestinal dysfunction, prevention and recognition and early treatment of secondary infections, and general supportive care. cache = ./cache/cord-023528-z9rc0ubj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-023528-z9rc0ubj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-030909-6if3qquj author = nan title = Perspectives on the Economics of the Environment in the Shadow of Coronavirus date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 28248 sentences = 1347 flesch = 48 summary = Based on these points, it becomes clear that a green recovery plan with resources directed towards achieving the combined objective of both providing the necessary economic stimuli for recovery and also promoting the transition to a low-carbon economy and adaptation to climate change along with investment in natural capital and increase in comprehensive savings could be a feasible and efficient plan. The current global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions trajectory indicates that the world is likely to experience catastrophic consequences due to climate change, unless swift action is taken towards funding green solutions and the defunding of fossil fuel activities ( Given the ambition of the European Union to become a net zero-carbon economy by 2050 and the numerous calls to avoid the bailout and stimulus packages towards fossil fuel companies , we examine whether the features of the European Central Bank's (ECB) €1350 billion Pandemic Emergency Purchase Programme (PEPP) encourages the resilience of the incumbent fossil fuel sector, or whether it promotes the growth of the emerging low-carbon energy sector during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. cache = ./cache/cord-030909-6if3qquj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-030909-6if3qquj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-032546-7786vr0y author = Guo, Siyu title = Comparative Efficacy of Danshen Class Injections for Treating Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Multidimensional Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials date = 2020-08-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6419 sentences = 379 flesch = 48 summary = title: Comparative Efficacy of Danshen Class Injections for Treating Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Multidimensional Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials RESULTS: A total of 53 eligible randomized controlled trial studies with 6401 patients were obtained that evaluated the clinical effectiveness rate, the level of hypersensitive C-reactive protein, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, fibrinogen, and adverse reactions after the application of Danshen class injections plus western medicine. CONCLUSION: Based on this Bayesian network meta-analysis results, Danhong injection + western medicine and Danshen injection + western medicine might have a better impact on acute coronary syndrome patients. The specifically designed form captured information on the study characteristics, including publication data (publication date, title and authors' names), details of patients' characteristics (sample sizes, age and sex), intervention (the types of CHIs, dose and duration), outcomes (the primary and secondary outcomes) and factors to evaluate risk of bias. cache = ./cache/cord-032546-7786vr0y.txt txt = ./txt/cord-032546-7786vr0y.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-033334-p7szd86k author = Mann, Jaclyn Kelly title = The potential of lactoferrin, ovotransferrin and lysozyme as antiviral and immune-modulating agents in COVID-19 date = 2020-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7284 sentences = 366 flesch = 33 summary = Enhanced phagocytic activity as well as cytokine production of macrophages Enhanced intestinal immune responses: dendritic cell maturation, Th1/Th2 balance restored and humoral immunity promoted [77, 78] Peptides Anti-inflammatory Downregulates IL-6 and TNF-␣ and myeloperoxidase activity in peritonitis Binds to angiotensin II receptor type 1 to inhibit angiotensin II pro-inflammatory activity ACE inhibitory activity (antihypertensive) [79] [80] [81] [82] Intact Iron-binding activity* Sequestering free iron [83] Intact and peptides Antioxidant* Sequestering free iron Free radical scavenging [79, 84] Lysozyme Intact and peptides Antiviral Inhibits viral entry by binding to cell receptors or virus -cationic and hydrophobic nature is required rather than enzymatic activity Binds nucleic acids Inhibits virus-induced cell fusion Affects cell signaling, including NF-B pathway, to influence susceptibility to infection [85] [86] [87] [88] Intact and/or peptides Antibacterial Hydrolyzes cell wall of gram-positive bacteria (enzyme activity) Insert into and form pores in negatively charged bacterial membranes [40] † Specific anticoronavirus activity has been demonstrated: inhibits SARS-CoV cell entry by binding to HSPGs; inhibits entry and postentry steps of SARS-CoV-2 replication and elevates interferon-stimulated genes in SARS-CoV-2-infected cells. cache = ./cache/cord-033334-p7szd86k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-033334-p7szd86k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-143246-f97v2cih author = Paul, Aneesh Mathews title = Multifaceted COVID-19 Outbreak date = 2020-08-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6063 sentences = 421 flesch = 60 summary = The time when everyone is struggling in the cruel hands of COVID19, we present the holistic view on the effects of this pandemic in certain aspects of life. Suicide rate has increased during the pandemic time [32] , [33] .The situation of COVID-19 has diverse effects in India [34] . Section II highlights the overall change in the education system during the COVID-19 season, and discusses the social and psychological impacts of the pandemic. Online learning is a new strategy embraced by the education system in this time of pandemic. We see a lot of unprecedented collaborative work globally among the educators [40] during this pandemic leading to a loss in the travel economy. The pandemic spread in various countries was sparked by religious gatherings as shown in Fig. 12 Religion and politics are a crucial part of life and COVID-19 has acquainted the human life without these jargon words. Online Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-143246-f97v2cih.txt txt = ./txt/cord-143246-f97v2cih.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-026028-qj290zu6 author = nan title = Spezielle Arzneimitteltherapie in der Schwangerschaft date = 2008-12-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 79929 sentences = 10492 flesch = 47 summary = Früher behauptete Zusammenhänge zwischen mütterlicher Therapie und erhöhtem Risiko für eine nekrotisierende Enterokolitis (NEC) beim Neugeborenen wurden unter anderem in einer Studie an 59 Schwangeren widerlegt, die Theophyllin als Tokolytikum oder zur Surfactantbildung vor Woche 34 erhalten hatten (Zanardo 1996) . B. für das Anticholinergikum Glycopyrronium) offenbar gut vom Fetus vertragen (Ure 1999 Mesalazin wird sehr häufig in der Schwangerschaft verordnet, ohne dass sich bisher Hinweise auf teratogene Wirkungen ergeben haben (Habel 1993 , Diav-Citrin 1998 , Marteau 1998 Ursodeoxycholsäure wirkt bei hepatozellulären Schäden, die durch Gallensäuren induziert sind, also vor allem bei cholestatischen Erkrankungen, wie der primär biliären Zirrhose. Kein Anhalt für ein erhöhtes Fehlbildungsrisiko fand sich hingegen in anderen prospektiven Kohortenstudien und retrospektiven Untersuchungen mit über 600 Frauen, die in den Monaten vor oder während einer Schwangerschaft meist wegen Vaginalmykose niedrig dosiert (150 mg/Tag) mit Fluconazol behandelten wurden (Jick 1999 , Sørensen 1999 , Campomori 1997 , Mastroiacovo 1996 , Inman 1994 . cache = ./cache/cord-026028-qj290zu6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-026028-qj290zu6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-033736-bsmqqi6j author = Bajraktari, Saranda title = Health-promoting and preventive interventions for community-dwelling older people published from inception to 2019: a scoping review to guide decision making in a Swedish municipality context date = 2020-10-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10534 sentences = 489 flesch = 41 summary = Eligible studies were: 1) interventions categorised as health promotion (HP) or primary prevention (PP) following the WHO's definition [1, 2] and addressing behavioural risk factors, injury prevention, physical health, social and mental health, 2) including populations of community-living older people 65+ as of it being the lowest retirement age in the Nordic Countries, hence exclude the risk of missing relevant studies due to the age limitation, 3) implemented in a Nordic country (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden and Faroe Islands), 4) studies applying a randomized controlled trial design (RCT) for the evaluation of effects (research question six), 5) studies related to the identified RCTs addressing the remaining research question, e.g. experiences of participants, feasibility as well as studies on cost-effectiveness. Five studies had samples consisting only of female participants [32, Table 2 Detailed results concerning intervention content, effects on health outcomes, and feasibility aspects of included studies in the field of health-promoting and preventive interventions for community dwelling older people in the Nordic countries from inception to 2019 (Continued) cache = ./cache/cord-033736-bsmqqi6j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-033736-bsmqqi6j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253000-nwbmxepi author = Margină, Denisa title = Chronic Inflammation in the Context of Everyday Life: Dietary Changes as Mitigating Factors date = 2020-06-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8273 sentences = 424 flesch = 37 summary = Fasting in combination with calorie restriction modulates molecular mechanisms such as m-TOR, FOXO, NRF2, AMPK, and sirtuins, ultimately leads to significantly reduced inflammatory marker levels, as well as improved metabolic markers. It has been found that intermittent fasting can prevent and reverse all aspects of metabolic syndrome in rodents: body fat, inflammation, and blood pressure are reduced; insulin sensitivity is increased; and the functional capacity of the neuromuscular and cardiovascular systems are improved [151] [152] [153] . In another study, which used the same fasting guidelines, improved metabolic markers were observed after periodic fasting, including a decrease in blood glucose levels associated with changes in gut microbiome composition [73] . These changes include increased fiber and polyphenol intake compared to the current western diets, but also well-structured, personalized fasting protocols, which can reduce the risk of metabolic disorders (Figure 3) . cache = ./cache/cord-253000-nwbmxepi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253000-nwbmxepi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-102595-3lbrfsrh author = Adam, Kirsten C.S. title = Steady-state visually evoked potentials and feature-based attention: Pre-registered null results and a focused review of methodological considerations date = 2020-10-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9075 sentences = 485 flesch = 56 summary = Feature-based attention is the ability to selectively attend to a particular feature (e.g., attend to red but not green items while looking for the ketchup bottle in your refrigerator), and steady-state visually evoked potentials (SSVEPs) measured from the human electroencephalogram (EEG) signal have been used to track the neural deployment of feature-based attention. To preview the results, we were unable to fully test our hypotheses about the time-144 course of feature-based enhancement and suppression because we did not find evidence 145 for an overall attention effect with our task procedures. Positive control analyses 148 revealed that our lack of SSVEP effect was not due to a complete lack of attention to the 149 attended color: ERP responses (P3) to the targets were modulated by attention as light of our inconclusive results, we also performed a focused methodological review of 152 key potential task differences between our work and prior work that may have resulted in 153 our failure to detect the effect of feature-based attention on SSVEP amplitude. cache = ./cache/cord-102595-3lbrfsrh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-102595-3lbrfsrh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260092-pmufsvg9 author = Nieuwland, Mante S. title = Anticipating words during spoken discourse comprehension: A large-scale, pre-registered replication study using brain potentials() date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 14919 sentences = 682 flesch = 50 summary = For these reasons, researchers typically argue that evidence for lexical prediction is strongest when it is observed before the predicted noun is heard or read, and is obtained by comparing ERPs to words that themselves have little semantic meaning (e.g., the English articles 'a/an') and/or do not differ in meaning (e.g., the Dutch adjectives 'groot/grote', which have the same meaning but differ in the presence of the inflectional suffix '-e' to mark grammatical gender). In more recent studies on comprehension of written sentences, gender-mismatch on prenominal articles was associated with N400-like effects, i.e. an enhanced negativity in the typical N400 time window (Dutch: Fleur, Flecken, Rommers & Nieuwland, 2020; Otten & Van Berkum, 2009; Spanish: Foucart, Martin, Moreno & Costa, 2014; Martin, Branzi & Bar, 2018; Molinaro, Gianelle, Caffarra & Martin, 2014) , although sometimes with a time course or scalp distribution unlike the typical N400 effects elicited by nouns. cache = ./cache/cord-260092-pmufsvg9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260092-pmufsvg9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256992-rwy0n01l author = Taheri, Yasaman title = Myricetin bioactive effects: moving from preclinical evidence to potential clinical applications date = 2020-08-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7256 sentences = 458 flesch = 40 summary = Polyphenols are a wide group of plant-derived molecules resulting from secondary metabolism, ubiquitously distributed in vegetable kingdom where they display different activities such as protective effect against UV rays, bacteria, virus and fungi infections, modulation of plant hormones, enzyme inhibition and pollinator attraction [1] . [101] reported the in vitro effect of myricetin on high glucose-induced β-cell apoptosis, possibly via cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) inhibition. Anti-angiogenic effects of myricetin (5 to 20 μM) assessed through in vitro (HUVEC) and in vivo (CAM) models revealed that this compound significantly inhibits angiogenesis induced by OVCAR-3 cells. In SKOV3 human ovarian cancer cells, myricetin inhibited viability and induced apoptosis (40 μg/mL, time-dependent manner) through endoplasmic reticulum stress and DNA double-strand breaks [130] . Potential anticancer activity of myricetin in human T24 bladder cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo cache = ./cache/cord-256992-rwy0n01l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256992-rwy0n01l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-261150-cdo7y3ob author = Fthenakis, G. C. title = Interactions between parasitic infections and reproductive efficiency in sheep date = 2015-02-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8112 sentences = 392 flesch = 43 summary = Abstract This review article summarises the many reports in the literature, confirming that, in sheep, parasitic infections can adversely affect reproductive efficiency; examples, which refer to all parts of the reproductive cycle of sheep, are as follows: trichostrongylosis in ewe-lambs (which can lead to delayed attainment of puberty), myiosis of the prepuce (which can cause impediment of mating), chorioptic mange or trypanosomosis in rams (which can lead to testicular degeneration or azoospermia, respectively), trypanosomosis or sarcoptic mange in pre-conceptual ewes (which can lead to poor conception rates or reduced number of ovulations, respectively), toxoplasmosis or neosporosis in pregnant ewes (which are causes of abortion), trichostrongylosis or trematode infections in lactating ewes (which can cause reduction of milk yield and can be a risk factor for mastitis, respectively), cryptosporidiosis in newborn lambs (which can be a cause of deaths), coccidiosis in growing pre-weaned lambs (which can cause suboptimal growth rate). cache = ./cache/cord-261150-cdo7y3ob.txt txt = ./txt/cord-261150-cdo7y3ob.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259744-r9j5yzfc author = McDonagh, Phillip title = Identification and characterisation of small molecule inhibitors of feline coronavirus replication date = 2014-12-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5636 sentences = 258 flesch = 41 summary = Plaque reduction and virus yield reduction assays were performed to confirm antiviral effects of candidate compounds identified during screening, and the possible antiviral mechanisms of action of these compounds were investigated using virucidal suspension assays and CPE inhibition and IFA-based time of addition assays. Plaque reduction and virus yield reduction assays were performed to confirm antiviral effects of candidate compounds identified during screening, and the possible antiviral mechanisms of action of these compounds were investigated using virucidal suspension assays and CPE inhibition and IFA-based time of addition assays. This study identifies three compounds (chloroquine, mefloquine, and hexamethylene amiloride) demonstrating a marked inhibitory effect on FCoV replication in vitro by significant reductions in virus induced CPE and viral titres at low micromolar concentrations when present during the early stages of viral replication. This study has identified three compounds demonstrating marked in vitro inhibition of FCoV in an immortalised cell line at low micromolar concentrations, including the first demonstration of antiviral effects of mefloquine against a coronavirus. cache = ./cache/cord-259744-r9j5yzfc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259744-r9j5yzfc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257514-gw9xnb4x author = Yang, Mengling title = Hydrogen: A Novel Option in Human Disease Treatment date = 2020-09-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10425 sentences = 526 flesch = 33 summary = H(2) gas may regulate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity, mitochondrial energy metabolism, endoplasmic reticulum stress, the immune system, and cell death (apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and circadian clock, among others) and has therapeutic potential for many systemic diseases. found that HW inhibited cardiomyocyte apoptosis by activating the PI3K/AKT and JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathways and can also reduce the level of oxidative stress in myocardial tissue by upregulating the expression of the nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2/antioxidant response element (Nrf2/ARE) signaling pathway, which alleviated I/R injury in isolated rat hearts [39, 40, 91] . Effects of hydrogen-rich water on the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in rats with myocardial 12 Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ischemia-reperfusion injury Effects of hydrogen-rich saline on early acute kidney injury in severely burned rats by suppressing oxidative stress induced apoptosis and inflammation cache = ./cache/cord-257514-gw9xnb4x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257514-gw9xnb4x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252855-xtsnlu1f author = Drago-Serrano, Maria Elisa title = Lactoferrin: Balancing Ups and Downs of Inflammation Due to Microbial Infections date = 2017-03-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 12045 sentences = 481 flesch = 30 summary = In this review, we highlight recent findings in in vitro and in vivo models of the gut, lung, oral cavity, mammary gland, and liver infections that provide experimental evidence supporting the therapeutic role of human and bovine Lf in promoting some parameters of inflammation and protecting against the deleterious effects of bacterial, viral, fungal and protozoan-associated inflammation. However, this is not always the case because studies on intestinal epithelial-barrier function and mucosal inflammation carried out in a Caco-2 cells model and macrophages activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) showed that both Lf forms effectively inhibited the pro-inflammatory response. In a mice model of hepatitis induced by intraperitoneal co-administration of LPS and zymosan, orally administered bLf decreased the serum aspartate aminotransferase activity (a marker of liver inflammation), and increased in the small intestine the production of IL-11, an anti-inflammatory cytokine with a role in the amelioration of inflammatory response [153, 164] . cache = ./cache/cord-252855-xtsnlu1f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252855-xtsnlu1f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256881-7sejcqda author = Heindel, Jerrold J. title = Data integration, analysis, and interpretation of eight academic CLARITY-BPA studies date = 2020-07-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 24781 sentences = 1195 flesch = 47 summary = Additionally, we applied an integrative analysis approach by using rand Circos-plots generated with the mixOmics [21] program to identify correlations in BPA responses across organs collected from the same or comparable individual rats within this same consortium study, thus expanding our findings to a systems biology level to reveal strong organismal relationships at three different timepoints: 21 days of age (weaning), 90-120 days of age (young adult) and 6 months of age (older adult). Fenton (National Toxicology Program) (mostly using rat models); (2) DNA methylation profiles and concomitant alterations of gene expression at PND 21 are predictors of pathological outcomes that manifest during adulthood, which was done in collaboration with Dr. Shioda, Mass General Hospital); (3) perinatal exposure to BPA induces abnormal post-pubertal/adult development of the mammary gland; and (4) BPA generates non-monotonic dose-response curves. cache = ./cache/cord-256881-7sejcqda.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256881-7sejcqda.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260413-elyn2fdh author = Żółkiewicz, Jakub title = Postbiotics—A Step Beyond Pre- and Probiotics date = 2020-07-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8235 sentences = 408 flesch = 29 summary = As an imbalance in the intestinal microbiota can lead to the development of several diseases (e.g., type 1 diabetes, cancer, among others), the use of prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics to alter the gut microbiome has attracted recent interest. Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei supernatants have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects on intestinal epithelial cells, macrophages, and neutrophils by reducing the secretion of the pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) cytokine and increasing secretion of the According to the current literature, postbiotics are not considered as synbiotics. Furthermore, Lactobacillus strains with increased catalase activity were more effective in relieving inflammation in a mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease than strains of the same bacterium producing SOD (both strains decreased the body temperature comparing to the controls with p < 0.05) [34] . cache = ./cache/cord-260413-elyn2fdh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260413-elyn2fdh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-193947-vcm3v0ix author = Pollmann, Michael title = Causal Inference for Spatial Treatments date = 2020-10-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 27979 sentences = 1791 flesch = 50 summary = Even when the differences in levels between inner and outer ring are differenced out with individual fixed effects in panel data, the parallel trends assumption is particularly strong in spatial treatment settings. With individuals and treatment locations distributed across space, a large number of covariates, such as population density or average income at different distances, are predictive of both outcomes and treatment assignment probabilities. In the ideal spatial experiment considered in this section, treatment is randomized similar to a completely randomized experiment across regions with outcomes aggregated within regions (and distance bins).Ë�( ) ( ) is the variance of aggregated treated potential outcomes,Ë�( 0) ( ) is the variance of aggregated control potential outcomes, and ( ) ( ) resembles a variance of treatment effects, such thatË�( ) ( ) +Ë�( 0) ( ) â�� ( ) ( ) resembles the variance of the difference in means under repeated sampling of fixed individuals but varying treatment assignment, the framework of this paper. cache = ./cache/cord-193947-vcm3v0ix.txt txt = ./txt/cord-193947-vcm3v0ix.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256838-8rzibpbl author = Eng, Yi Shin title = Unraveling the Molecular Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine: Formulas Against Acute Airway Viral Infections as Examples date = 2019-09-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9233 sentences = 505 flesch = 39 summary = There are still issues regarding the conflicting pharmacologic effects, pharmacokinetics, drug interactions, adverse and clinical effects of herbal medicine and TCM. Several factors may affect the molecular mechanisms and subsequent clinical effects of TCM formulas, including individual gene-based response, composition and amount of active molecules in TCM formulas, complex interactions, and appropriateness of use of TCM formulas. From the viewpoint of pathophysiology, TCM formulas used to manage airway viral infections need to have antiviral activity against such viruses listed above, and/or to induce antiviral cytokines, and/or anti-inflammatory effect, and/or to relieve symptoms commonly presented in airway infections ( Figure 1 ). To simplify the molecular mechanisms and to correlate the pharmacologic activities with their clinical effects, five formulas of A-physicians will be used as examples against airway infections: Several health benefits of herbal medicine and TCM are claimed; for example, herbs and TCM formulas, including those discussed above, are believed to have anti-oxidative activities helpful against several diseases. cache = ./cache/cord-256838-8rzibpbl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256838-8rzibpbl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253251-i79h14f7 author = Kandala, Ngianga-Bakwin title = An investigation of district spatial variations of childhood diarrhoea and fever morbidity in Malawi date = 2005-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6526 sentences = 312 flesch = 51 summary = In particular, the results suggest that children living in the capital city are less affected by fever, although this is not true for diarrhoea, where some urban agglomerations are associated with a higher childhood morbidity risk. The study applied Bayesian statistical and geo-statistical techniques to the 2000 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data of Malawi with location (district) attributes and other information to answer specific questions about geographic inequalities in childhood disease prevalence. To gain an understanding of the geographic variation or patterns based on the observed morbidity prevalence, a Bayesian hierarchical model was fitted, with the inclusion of spatial (district) and nonlinear metrical (mother's and child's age) covariates. Geo-additive logistic models were used (on the probability of a child having diarrhoea and fever during the reference period) to determine the socio-economic and demographic variables that are associated with the ailments while simultaneously controlling for spatial dependence in the data and possible nonlinear effects of covariates. cache = ./cache/cord-253251-i79h14f7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253251-i79h14f7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267284-3uz0v29k author = Schneiderová, Kristýna title = Phytochemical profile of Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb). Steud. date = 2014-08-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8566 sentences = 544 flesch = 42 summary = Paulownia tomentosa, a member of the plant family Paulowniaceae and a rich source of biologically active secondary metabolites, is traditionally used in Chinese herbal medicine. Recent interest in this species has focused on isolating and identifying of prenylated flavonoids, that exhibit potent antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiphlogistic activities and inhibit severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus papain-like protease. For example, n-butanol, EtOAc, and MeOH extracts obtained from the fruit have displayed antiradical activity in anti-DPPH and peroxynitrite assays, due to mainly the presence of flavonoids and phenolic glycosides, but not of all compounds present in these extracts have been identified) (Š mejkal et al. Significant concentration-dependent anti-inflammatory properties of EtOH extracts of the bark of the tree have also been observed recently using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)induced nitric oxide production inhibition model in the murine macrophages cell line RAW264.7 (Si et al. Structure and activity relationship of antioxidant flavonoids from leaves of Paulownia tomentosa var. cache = ./cache/cord-267284-3uz0v29k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267284-3uz0v29k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257197-i9bucuma author = Natarajan, Pavithra title = Understanding the influence of experimental factors on bio-interactions of nanoparticles: Towards improving correlation between in vitro and in vivo studies date = 2020-09-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6564 sentences = 414 flesch = 41 summary = This review discusses recent studies that help understand the nano-bio interactions of iron oxide and gold NPs with different surface compositions. 31, 32 The magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (FeONPs), also commonly called superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are used as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 33, 34 , for bio-detection such as tracking the implanted stem cells in vitro 35 , in binding assays and hyperthermia 36, 37 and magnetic field guided drug delivery 21 in cancer treatment. This review also presents recent in vitro and in vivo studies that assess the biosafety/toxicity of NPs and the influence of surface ligands on nano-bio interactions such as uptake and immune response. Effect of cell media on polymer coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs): Colloidal stability, cytotoxicity, and cellular uptake studies cache = ./cache/cord-257197-i9bucuma.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257197-i9bucuma.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-015021-pol2qm74 author = nan title = Third International Congress on the Immune Consequences of Trauma, Shock and Sepsis —Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches date = 1994 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 162327 sentences = 9379 flesch = 50 summary = It is our current understanding that LPS is responsible for many of the pathophysiological events observed during gramnegative infections and that one of the major mechanisms leading to shock and death is the LPS-induced activation of macrophages resulting in the production and release of lipid and peptide mediators, among which tumor necrosis factor seems to be the most important. However plasma IL-6 estimation revealed a statistically significant reduction at 6 hours in tanrine-treated animals compared to glycino and TW controls ( Objective: To evaluate the effects of allogeneic blood transfusion, thermal injury and bacterial garage on interteukin 4 (IL-4), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) production and host mortality and to study if the administration of thymopentth (THY) could affect these events. cache = ./cache/cord-015021-pol2qm74.txt txt = ./txt/cord-015021-pol2qm74.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267345-pmtecdko author = Hao, Da Cheng title = Phytochemical and biological research of Polygoneae medicinal resources date = 2015-07-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6949 sentences = 400 flesch = 40 summary = TSG could prevent cardiac remodeling induced by pressure overload in rats (Xu et al., 2014b) , which may be related to a decreasing angiotensin II level, an antioxidant effect, suppression of transforming growth factor-b1 expression, and inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. Aqueous and organic extracts of 27 selected species from five genera (Fallopia, Oxyria, Persicaria, Polygonum, and Rumex) of the family Polygonaceae occurring in the Carpathian Basin were screened in vitro for antiproliferative activity against HeLa (cervix epithelial adenocarcinoma), A431 (skin epidermoid carcinoma), and MCF7 (breast epithelial adenocarcinoma) cells (Lajter et al., 2013b) , using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Molecular phylogenetic studies using three cpDNA regions and nrITS sequences were performed to explore the hybrid speciation in Persicaria (Polygonum, Polygonaceae; Figure 12 .4) (Kim and Donoghue, 2008) , with an emphasis on sampling within section Eupersicaria. cache = ./cache/cord-267345-pmtecdko.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267345-pmtecdko.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269206-160ddfsc author = Ceylan, Rahmiye Figen title = Historical evidence for economic effects of COVID-19 date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4555 sentences = 268 flesch = 51 summary = Yet, the contagious diseases having global effects had forgotten long time ago even if there appeared some recent encounters in the past 20 The differentiating features of COVID-19 or SARS-COV2 from the recent encounters are its geographical dispersion in terms of contagion and its causalities. In an earlier attempt to comment on prospective COVID-19 effects, Barro and his friends estimated growth of national income and consumption expenditures of 42 countries between 1901 and 1929 on human capital loss due to the WWI. Due to changing labour market composition and economic conditions during and after the influenza, both productivity and overall income had declined and savings and investment potential were affected negatively. Confirming previous research on SARS, Lionello [26] indicated that rising social fear and reduction in social contact resulted in reduced supplies and reduced labour demand specifically in the services sector between 20 and 70%. Especially, shrinking services and industries facing lower labour supplies and reducing demand are expected to downsize all economic structures. cache = ./cache/cord-269206-160ddfsc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269206-160ddfsc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268088-y4vg7frb author = Montané, Xavier title = Current Perspectives of the Applications of Polyphenols and Flavonoids in Cancer Therapy date = 2020-07-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 11101 sentences = 581 flesch = 42 summary = Among the natural compounds that produce beneficial effects on human health, polyphenols have shown potential therapeutic applications in cancer due to their protective functions in plants, their use as food additives, and their excellent antioxidant properties. This review shows a wide range of trials in which polyphenolic compounds play a crucial role as anticancer medicines alone or in combination with other drugs at different stages of cancer: cancer initiation, promotion, and growth or progression. In point of fact, studies demonstrated that resveratrol has in vitro effects against a large range of human tumors: breast, skin, ovary, stomach, prostate, colon, liver, pancreas, cervix, thyroid carcinoma cells, lymphoid, and myeloid cancer cells [22] . In point of fact, studies demonstrated that resveratrol has in vitro effects against a large range of human tumors: breast, skin, ovary, stomach, prostate, colon, liver, pancreas, cervix, thyroid carcinoma cells, lymphoid, and myeloid cancer cells [22] . cache = ./cache/cord-268088-y4vg7frb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268088-y4vg7frb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-005814-ak5pq312 author = nan title = 8th European Congress of Intensive Care Medicine Athens - Greece, October 18–22, 1995 Abstracts date = 1995 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 179164 sentences = 12028 flesch = 56 summary = Results: In 5 patients with treated SS, 16 tests were performed (VL n=8; Dobu n=4; NA n=4 Method: Septic shock was defined as severe sepsis with either persistent hypotension (mean arterial pressure; MAP<70 mmHg) or the requirement for a noradrenaline (NA) infusion ~> 0.1 ~g/kg/min with a MAP _< 90mmHg. Cardiovascular support was limited to NA + dobutamine (DB), 546C88 was administered for up to 8 h at a fixed dose-rate of either i, 2.5, 5, 10 or 20 mg/kg/h iv. Methods: Fourteen cases were s~udied,their gestational age ranged from(27-32)ws.Continnous positive air way pressure was applied to six cases at Peep level from (3-6)cm H2o through nasal pronge,(group I),the other 8 cases were managed as routine,(group II).Blood gases, TcPO2,TcCo2,resp.rate,depth and pattern were monitored for assessment of tissue Oxygenation and ventilation, Results: Our rasults showed that early application of CPAP improve ventilation among (83.3%)of cases,while (16.7%)of cases need IMV.The cases of group II need IMV among (75%)of the studied cases during the second or the third day of life. cache = ./cache/cord-005814-ak5pq312.txt txt = ./txt/cord-005814-ak5pq312.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272309-v72796pu author = Tootee, Ali title = Ramadan fasting during Covid-19 pandemic date = 2020-04-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2074 sentences = 135 flesch = 41 summary = [9] Decisive evidence emerged from numerous in-depth studies have clearly demonstrated that fasting can produce therapeutic effects in many noncommunicable disorders such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancers, and neurodegenerative diseases. [15] These evidence and similar findings indicate that the effects of Ramadan Fasting are not merely confined those related to refraining from eating and drinking, and they include a diverse range of physical, psychological, and spiritual health. have demonstrated that Ramadan Fasting can play a protective role against tuberculosis, and can minimize the risk of the infection in healthy individuals. For instance, in a comprehensive research on the subject which was published by members on the assembly in 2010, authors had contended that although Ramadan fasting is generally safe and wholesome for healthy individuals, those with certain diseases and adverse health conditions should seek their physicians' advice in this regard. cache = ./cache/cord-272309-v72796pu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272309-v72796pu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279586-likfvwwj author = Jin, Jian title = Effects of Sonication on the In vitro Digestibility and Structural Properties of Buckwheat Protein Isolates date = 2020-09-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4831 sentences = 248 flesch = 48 summary = The present work investigated the effects of sonication at different amplitudes and durations on the in vitro digestibility of buckwheat protein isolates (BPIs). The tertiary structure analysis showed that sonication exposed the hydrophobic core buried inside the protein molecules and broke the intramolecular crosslinks, based on the increase in the surface hydrophobicity and intrinsic fluorescence and the decrease in the disulphide content. Therefore, this study was aimed at investigating the effects of sonication duration and acoustic amplitude on the in vitro digestibility of buckwheat protein isolates (BPIs). In addition, the effects of sonication on the tertiary structures (surface hydrophobicity, intrinsic fluorescence, sulfhydryl and disulfide bond contents), secondary structure, particle size, zeta-potential and microstructure of BPIs were studied to elucidate the structural mechanism underlying the effect of ultrasound on the digestibility of the proteins. cache = ./cache/cord-279586-likfvwwj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279586-likfvwwj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270673-apr9oyqa author = Rosselló, Jaume title = The effects of natural disasters on international tourism: A global analysis date = 2020-02-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8577 sentences = 410 flesch = 47 summary = Natural disasters and unexpected events are prime examples of such determining factors, as they have profound effects on individuals and society, and as a result have the potential to affect tourism flows considerably. To address this gap, this paper incorporates a dataset on natural and man-made disaster events into a model of international tourism flows to evaluate the effect of different types of disasters on international arrivals at the national level. A gravity model for international tourism flows is defined to quantify the effects of different disaster events on international tourist arrivals to the affected country. This research develops a gravity model for international tourism flows to quantify the effects of different types of natural and man-made disasters on tourist arrivals to the affected countries. The empirical research presented in this paper draws on two sets of data to explore in depth the relationship between international tourist arrivals and global disasters, measured through three different impact metrics (costs, deaths and affected people). cache = ./cache/cord-270673-apr9oyqa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270673-apr9oyqa.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269943-g77qe5ml author = Di Sotto, Antonella title = Plant-Derived Nutraceuticals and Immune System Modulation: An Evidence-Based Overview date = 2020-08-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 13939 sentences = 685 flesch = 34 summary = In the present review, up to date knowledge on the scientific basis for the immunomodulatory activity and clinical relevance of some emerging classes of plant-derived nutraceuticals, including polysaccharides, fatty acids and labdane diterpenes, has been reported. The following searching keywords and their combinations through the Boolean logical operators were used: "herbal immunomodulators", "phytochemicals", "immune system", "nutraceuticals", "medicinal plants", "immunomodulation", "immune system boosters", "immunosuppressors", "immunoadjuvants", "gut microbiome", "natural occurrence", "chemical features", "preclinical studies", "clinical trials", "polysaccharides", "echinacea", "astragalus", "β-glucan", "fatty acids", "PUFA", "oleic acid", "punicic acid", "γ-linolenic acid", "linoleic acid", "evening primrose oil", "borage oil", "flaxseed oils", "labdane diterpenes" and "andrographolide". Moreover, inulin, pectin, arabinoxylan and β-glucan have been found to elevate IL-10/IL-12 ratio and to reduce the release of IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, macrophage inflammatory proteins The immunomodulatory effects of plant polysaccharides on macrophages are mainly achieved through the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and NOS), and the stimulation of cytokines secretion, cell proliferation, and macrophage phagocytic activity [101] . cache = ./cache/cord-269943-g77qe5ml.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269943-g77qe5ml.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271122-3fsl5589 author = Wathes, D. Claire title = Importance of Viral Disease in Dairy Cow Fertility date = 2019-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7111 sentences = 346 flesch = 44 summary = Acute infection with non-cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in mid-gestation increases abortion rates or causes the birth of persistently infected calves. In cultured bovine endometrial cells, experimental infection with ncp BVDV inhibited a variety of immune pathways normally activated in response to a challenge with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), including downregulation of many interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), which are an important part of uterine defense mechanisms [40, 41] . Establishment of persistent infection with non-cytopathic bovine viral diarrhoea virus in cattle is associated with a failure to induce type I interferon A field investigation of the effects of bovine viral diarrhea virus infection around the time of insemination on the reproductive performance of cattle The effect of infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus on the fertility of Swiss dairy cattle Embryos produced from fertilization with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV)-infected semen and the risk of disease transmission to embryo transfer (ET) recipients and offspring cache = ./cache/cord-271122-3fsl5589.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271122-3fsl5589.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270337-92a5uwjf author = Hughes, Dyfrig A. title = Acute chloroquine poisoning: A comprehensive experimental toxicology assessment of the role of diazepam date = 2020-06-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6498 sentences = 346 flesch = 50 summary = KEY RESULTS: Chloroquine decreased the developed tension of left atria, prolonged the effective refractory period of atria, ventricular tissue and right papillary muscles, and caused dose‐dependent impairment of haemodynamic and electrocardiographic parameters. A series of experiments was conducted to assess the effects of chloroquine and diazepam alone and in combination on the contractility, refractoriness and beating rate of isolated rat cardiac tissues. Six treatment randomised controlled trials were subsequently conducted to assess the efficacy of diazepam, clonazepam and Ro5-4864:-(i) prior, (ii) during and (iii) after chloroquine intoxication (Table 1 ) and the effects of diazepam:-(iv) in high dose, (v) in nonbarbiturate anaesthetised rats and (vi) co-administered with adrenaline. Effects of chloroquine (30 μM) in the presence of propylene glycol 1% v/v (control) or diazepam (1, 10 and 100 μM) on the developed tension, effective refractory period and time to peak tension of left atria, right ventricular strips, right papillary muscles and on the spontaneous beating rate of right atria In all 16 rabbits, arrhythmias presented as Mobitz type II, seconddegree AV block with a conduction ratio of 2:1 (two P waves for each QRS complex). cache = ./cache/cord-270337-92a5uwjf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270337-92a5uwjf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279166-kt35mg7o author = Howell, Amy B. title = The Pomegranate: Effects on Bacteria and Viruses That Influence Human Health date = 2013-05-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6626 sentences = 326 flesch = 44 summary = Much of the evidence for pomegranates' antibacterial and antiviral activities against foodborne pathogens and other infectious disease organisms comes from in vitro cell-based assays, necessitating further confirmation of in vivo efficacy through human clinical trials. Another study using the methanolic extract of pomegranate peels formulated into a 10% (wt/wt) water-soluble gel showed similar enhancements in wound healing in a Wistar rat model compared to a commercial topical antibacterial product [44] . A Brazilian in vitro study investigated the antimicrobial effect of a pomegranate-based oral gel (made from an extract of dried peel combined with Carbopol, water, and triethanolamine) against Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus mitis, and S. Given that MNV-1 is quite resistant to most treatment conditions, including pH and heat [73] , but inhibited by pomegranate juice and its polyphenols, it is possible that additional research will reveal a role for pomegranate as a natural alternative for treating and/or preventing human norovirus infections. cache = ./cache/cord-279166-kt35mg7o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279166-kt35mg7o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271785-vmnc8yg6 author = Minetti, Giampaolo title = Mevalonate pathway, selenoproteins, redox balance, immune system, Covid-19: Reasoning about connections date = 2020-07-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2551 sentences = 137 flesch = 38 summary = As competitive inhibitors of HMG-CoA-reductase, the key enzyme of the "mevalonate pathway" through which essential compounds, not only cholesterol, are synthesized, statins decrease the levels of cholesterol, and thus LDLs, as an innate defense mechanism, with controversial results in decreasing mortality from cardiovascular disease. In the attempt to decipher the enigma of SARS-CoV-2 infectivology, the hypothesis should be tested whether the population of subjects who succumbed to Covid-19 may have developed a compromised immunity at sub-clinical levels and have become more susceptible to fatal consequences from SARS-Cov-2 infection due to statin therapy. Statins are cholesterol-lowering drugs that act as competitive inhibitors of the enzyme -Hydroxy--Methyl-Glutaryl-Coenzyme-A (HMG-CoA)-reductase, the key enzyme of the "mevalonate pathway". 27 Thus, subjects with already low LDL levels and possibly weakened leukocyte function because of statin treatment would be even more susceptible to infection and its fatal consequences. cache = ./cache/cord-271785-vmnc8yg6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271785-vmnc8yg6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276006-mjjnkqv6 author = Jarach, Natanel title = Polymers in the Medical Antiviral Front-Line date = 2020-07-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 12573 sentences = 738 flesch = 41 summary = Those anions show antiviral properties by affecting Larson studied modified PEI composed of N,N-Dodecylmethyl-PEI that exhibited antiviral effect on HSV-1 and HSV-2 viruses (see also Figure 6 ) [98] , influenza A virus [99] and on poliovirus and rotavirus [100] . Larson studied modified PEI composed of N,N-Dodecylmethyl-PEI that exhibited antiviral effect on HSV-1 and HSV-2 viruses (see also Figure 6 ) [98] , influenza A virus [99] and on poliovirus and rotavirus [100] . Xiao and Xue examined the antiviral effect of quaternary pyridinium containing co-polymers on several Influenza viruses (A, PR8, 8, 34) , as demonstrated in Figure 11 [35]. Xiao and Xue examined the antiviral effect of quaternary pyridinium containing co-polymers on several Influenza viruses (A, PR8, 8, 34) , as demonstrated in Figure 11 [35]. cache = ./cache/cord-276006-mjjnkqv6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276006-mjjnkqv6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280605-2i4gk7et author = Bachmann, María Consuelo title = The Challenge by Multiple Environmental and Biological Factors Induce Inflammation in Aging: Their Role in the Promotion of Chronic Disease date = 2020-10-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 11128 sentences = 559 flesch = 32 summary = With increasing age, the dynamics and proportion of lymphocytes and myeloid cells differ depending on the sex due to the differential expression of 144 genes of the immune response in men and women (71) . Anti-inflammatory effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and their biologically active metabolites (D and E Resolvinsmediators derived from omega-3 fatty acids, primarily EPA and DHA that block the production of proinflammatory mediators and regulate leukocyte trafficking to inflammatory sites) can be mediated through one of the mechanisms capable of reducing inflammation of RAW-264.7 cells and of primary intraperitoneal macrophages (105) . Exposure to various alarm signals induce an acute inflammation that, when associated with deleterious environmental and biological factors, potentiates chronic inflammation, which can be further promoted by excess ROS production and oxidative stress that results from mitochondrial dysfunction or NOX2 activity, leading to inflammaging and eventually to age-related disease. cache = ./cache/cord-280605-2i4gk7et.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280605-2i4gk7et.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272465-i2l4cq8h author = Law, Betty Yuen Kwan title = New Potential Pharmacological Functions of Chinese Herbal Medicines via Regulation of Autophagy date = 2016-03-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 16326 sentences = 893 flesch = 31 summary = Hinders α-synuclein accumulation in neural cells and suppression of the proliferation of glioma cells through induction of autophagy [162, 163] Radix salviae miltiorrhizae (Dan shen) Moves blood, breaks up blood stasis, cools heat, cools blood Tanshinone IIA Induction of autophagic cell death of leukemia via activation of AMPK/mTOR, ERK/mTOR and p70 S6K signaling [164] Ligusticum wallichii (Chuan xiong) Moves blood, moves and regulates qi, dispels wind Ligustrazine Akebia saponin PA (AS) is one of the bioactive components found in Radix dipsaci, AS induced autophagic and apoptotic cell death of gastric cancer cells through both the AMPK/mTOR and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling and the downstream activation of p38/JNK molecular pathway, which facilitated capase-3-dependent apoptosis [147] . However, alisol B has been reported as a new autophagy inducer functioning through activation of CaMKK/AMPK/mTOR signaling, induction of apoptosis and triggering of cell death in breast cancer cells [156] . Gambogic acid induced oxidative stress dependent caspase activation regulates both apoptosis and autophagy by targeting various key molecules (Nf-κB, Beclin-1, p62 and NBR1) in human bladder cancer cells cache = ./cache/cord-272465-i2l4cq8h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272465-i2l4cq8h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287243-fm3587ww author = Scanes, Colin G. title = Reproductive management of poultry date = 2020-01-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6827 sentences = 507 flesch = 49 summary = Other aspects of reproductive management in poultry include the following: artificial insemination (almost exclusively employed in turkeys) and approaches to reduce broodiness together with cage free (colony), conventional, enriched and free-range systems. Estrogens induce the following: development of the oviduct, production of yolk precursors (VLDL and vitellogenin) (see above) by the liver, production of egg white proteins by the oviduct and, with androgens, formation of medullary bone (a labile source of calcium). 78 These programs not only decrease the feed needs of the broiler breeder but also reduce mortality and increase egg production. In addition to feed restriction, to induce molting in broiler breeder hens, the daylength is decreased to 8L:16D and light intensity is reduced. Effects of low dietary protein and different allocations of food during rearing and restricted feeding after peak rate of lay on egg production, fertility and hatchability in female broiler breeders cache = ./cache/cord-287243-fm3587ww.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287243-fm3587ww.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282101-2usqpy2j author = Hassan, Atef A. title = Nanomaterials and nanocomposite applications in veterinary medicine date = 2020-05-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 17178 sentences = 959 flesch = 37 summary = Moreover, several nanocomposites can be used in various applications such as nanoshells to destroy cancer cells, alumino-silicate nanoparticles to reduce bleeding, carbon nanoparticles as sensors and for drug delivery, gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) for diagnosis, silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) as antimicrobial agents, and iron oxide nanoparticles to improve MRI imaging (Chakravarthi and Balaji, 2010; Hassan et al., 2015b) . (2015) detected that aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin production by respective fungal isolates was significantly diminished until complete inhibition by increasing the dose treatment with Fe 2 O 3 NPs. Moreover, the antimicrobial action of metal nanoparticles was suggested as being due to disrupting and penetration of the cell membrane of microorganism, damage and rupture of the cell wall and leakage of cytoplasm contents (Gajbhiye et al., 2009; Hassan et al., 2014 Hassan et al., , 2015a . The obtained results showed that the viability of microbial cells was inhibited and complete prevention of aflatoxin production occurred at a concentration level of 125 μg/mL of CNTs. Veterinary applications of metal nanoparticles have been used in various fields related to animal disease diagnosis and treatment as well as biological sensing. cache = ./cache/cord-282101-2usqpy2j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282101-2usqpy2j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286610-woqb1t06 author = Choukér, Alexander title = COVID-19—The largest isolation study in history: the value of shared learnings from spaceflight analogs date = 2020-10-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5591 sentences = 238 flesch = 30 summary = Life science research for space exploration has a long history in using high-fidelity spaceflight analogs to better understand the effect of prolonged isolation and confinement on genes, molecules, cells, neural circuits, and physiological systems to behavior. Space agencies and their human research programs have a long history of seeking to understand the effects of isolation and confinement on astronaut health and performance. Here, we summarize the opportunities of spaceflight analogs to accelerate (1) the understanding of the neurobehavioral and immunological consequences of social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic, and (2) the development of innovative and efficient treatment strategies to mitigate adverse behavioral conditions. For instance, the NASA sponsored project "Hybrid Training -A Sensory Stimulation Countermeasure for Long Duration Space Exploration Missions" combines physical exercise with an interactive virtual environment to enhance sensory augmentation and stimulate brain plasticity during prolonged isolation and confinement 64 . cache = ./cache/cord-286610-woqb1t06.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286610-woqb1t06.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291559-h6czy5bh author = Koirala, Prashamsa title = Recent advances in pharmacological research on Ecklonia species: a review date = 2017-08-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 12240 sentences = 567 flesch = 34 summary = A study investigated the protective effect of ES in alcoholic fatty liver and found that ES treatment suppressed adipogenesis and increased the expression of fatty acid oxidation-related genes, e.g., peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-a and CPT-1, but decreased the expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1, a triglyceride (TG) synthesis-related gene, suggesting that ES extract could be useful in preventing fatty acid oxidation and reducing lipogenesis in ethanol-induced fatty liver (Bang et al. Fucoidan extracted from EC exhibited prominent effects on peroxyl radical scavenging activity and 2, 2 0 -azobisdihydrochloride-induced oxidative stress in Vero cells and reduced ROS generation, lipid peroxidation, and cell death in a zebrafish model, proving its antioxidant capacities in vitro and in vivo despite being neither a polyphenol nor a flavonoid. Dieckol, isolated from the edible brown algae Ecklonia cava, induces apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells and inhibits tumor xenograft growth cache = ./cache/cord-291559-h6czy5bh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291559-h6czy5bh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289599-7vsynfgn author = Kostoff, Ronald N. title = COVID-19 vaccine safety date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2715 sentences = 153 flesch = 45 summary = The present article examines whether short-term, mid-term, and long-term vaccine safety can be achieved under such an accelerated schedule, given the myriad vaccine-induced mechanisms that have demonstrated adverse effects based on previous clinical trials and laboratory research. It is uncertain as to whether any of the drugs, vaccines, foods or radiation exposures of our predecessors, which were not tested for transgenerational effects, are adversely affecting human life at present. Of note, the question remains whether humanity is currently willing to pass on potential devastating diseases to future generations due to the present need for the speedy development of a vaccine, bypassing adequate long-term and transgenerational safety testing. The vaccine costs in this discussion are the potential adverse health effects from a cOVId-19 vaccine, particularly for the mid-and long-term. This least vulnerable demographic population would have to bear the brunt of any potential mid-and long-term adverse health impacts that may result from a vaccine inadequately tested for these effects. cache = ./cache/cord-289599-7vsynfgn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289599-7vsynfgn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295335-oa4twg2z author = Pastorino, Giulia title = Liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra): A phytochemical and pharmacological review date = 2018-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8257 sentences = 462 flesch = 38 summary = In vivo-double-blind clinical trial in human patients Reduction of erythema, oedema, and itching scores (Halder & Richards, 2004) -In vitro-topical treatments in human patients during 4 weeks Lighten hand solar lentigines (Nerya et al., 2003) Glycyrrhetinic acid; glabridin 0-120 μM In vitro-human keratinocyte culture Prevention of oxidative DNA fragmentation and activation of apoptosis-associated proteins in human keratinocyte (Grippaudo & Di Russo, 2016) (Continues) In vitro-Vero cells In vivo-ducks Stimulation of immune and antiviral effect against DHV (Soufy et al., 2012) 0.1 μg/ml (extract) In vitro-human foreskin cell line Protection of host cells against EV71 infection (Kuo, Chang, Wang, & Chiang, 2009) In vivo-oral administration to humans (LDL isolation) (Carmeli & Fogelman, 2009) Licochalcone 2-20 μg/ml DPPH, superoxide anion, lipid peroxidation, red blood cells Inhibition of the microsomal lipid peroxidation (Haraguchi, Ishikawa, Mizutani, Tamura, & Kinoshita, 1998) Hepatoprotective activity Liquorice aqueous extract 100-300 mg/kg 15 days In vivo-oral administration to Wistar rats Stimulation of the antioxidant enzymes and arrest of inflammatory cytokine production (Huo, Wang, Liang, Bao, & Gu, 2011) G. cache = ./cache/cord-295335-oa4twg2z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295335-oa4twg2z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299007-5m6lk409 author = Paterson, R. Russell M. title = Cordyceps – A traditional Chinese medicine and another fungal therapeutic biofactory? date = 2008-05-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 19517 sentences = 1139 flesch = 43 summary = The isolation, structure elucidation, and anti-malarial activity of ES-242s and their analogues from the insect pathogenic fungus Cordyceps pseudomilitaris (from a Lepidoptera larva) were reported previously. Towards this end, a polysaccharide was isolated from cultured Cordyceps mycelia which had strong anti-oxidation activity, and which contained glucose, mannose and galactose. militaris demonstrated general anti-inflammatory activity (Yu et al., 2004a) as did ethanolic extracts of cultured fruiting bodies and mycelia of C. Whereas the reported apoptotic effects of the fungus are in: (a) the mouse (anti-tumour activity, metastasis inhibition) and (b) cell culture (proliferation stimulation, cytotoxic activity). Hypoglycemic activity of polysaccharide (CS-F30) from the cultural mycelium of Cordyceps sinensis and its effect on glucose metabolism in mouse liver Anti-inflammatory and related pharmacological activities of cultured mycelia and fruiting bodies of Cordyceps militaris Antioxidant activity of the extracts from fruiting bodies of cultured Cordyceps sinensis cache = ./cache/cord-299007-5m6lk409.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299007-5m6lk409.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298265-elbnzgx6 author = Mutua, Victoria title = A Review of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) in Disease: Potential Anti-NETs Therapeutics date = 2020-08-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10404 sentences = 565 flesch = 35 summary = Studies have demonstrated that circulating neutrophils of RA patients are more easily stimulated to NETosis than those from healthy subjects [73, 74] , and as in other autoimmune conditions, NETs act as a source of extracellular autoantigens leading to excessive innate and adaptive immune responses in the joints and subsequent tissue injury [73, 75] . Inhibits ROS production, prevents thrombus formation [190] [191] [192] [193] [194] [195] Nucleases Recombinant human DNase DNA matrixes Reduces neutrophil infiltration, cleaves DNA matrixes [196] [197] [198] [199] [200] [201] [202] [203] [204] [205] [206] [207] Staphylokinase Plasminogen, alpha-defensins Converting NETs to deoxyadenosine mediating death of immune cells [208] [209] [210] [211] Notable compounds Probiotics PKC pathway run a study to evaluate the effect of inhibition of PAD4 in NETosis using an antagomiR-155, a pleiotropic microRNA important in the regulation of immune responses, demonstrating a decreased induction of PAD4 mRNA and subsequent reduced NETs in response to PMA challenge [13] . cache = ./cache/cord-298265-elbnzgx6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298265-elbnzgx6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297597-tqc1usry author = Godden, Sandra title = Colostrum Management for Dairy Calves date = 2008-02-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7689 sentences = 350 flesch = 47 summary = Unfortunately, a significant proportion of North American dairy calves suffer from failure of passive transfer of antibodies from colostrum, contributing to excessively high preweaning mortality rates and other shortand long-term losses associated with animal health, welfare, and productivity. In addition to reduced risk for preweaning morbidity and mortality, additional long-term benefits associated with successful passive transfer include reduced mortality in the postweaning period, improved rate of gain and feed efficiency, reduced age at first calving, improved first and second lactation milk production, and reduced tendency for culling during the first lactation [7] [8] [9] [10] . In a study feeding beef cows either 100% (CO) or 57% (RS) of National Research Council (NRC) (1984) [38] protein and energy requirements, maternal nutrition did not affect either colostrum IgG concentration (43.0 versus 39.5 g/L for RS and CO, respectively) or the calves' serum IgG concentration at 24 hours (19.1 versus 20.2 mg/mL for RS and CO, respectively) [39] . cache = ./cache/cord-297597-tqc1usry.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297597-tqc1usry.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293139-uj1m3t79 author = Hua, Jinxi title = Competing PM2.5 and NO2 holiday effects in the Beijing area vary locally due to differences in residential coal burning and traffic patterns date = 2020-08-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4911 sentences = 219 flesch = 54 summary = In this study, we assessed the variations in concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) during the holidays in the heating season from 2014 to 2018 based on daily surface air quality monitoring measurements in Beijing. The predictors in our GAM model include time vectors to represent inter-annual, monthly, and weekday variations, as well as meteorological variables (boundary layer height, east-west wind component, south-north wind component, relative humidity, air temperature, dew point temperature, and surface pressure). The spatial variation in the holiday effect at different sites reflects two distinct ways that human activities impact air quality: increased residential heating tended to increase both PM 2.5 and NO 2 , whereas reduced traffic emissions leads to lower NO 2 . Effects of meteorology and emission reduction measures on air pollution in Beijing during heating seasons cache = ./cache/cord-293139-uj1m3t79.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293139-uj1m3t79.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299547-9i8kv8p8 author = Aucejo, Esteban M. title = The Impact of COVID-19 on Student Experiences and Expectations: Evidence from a Survey date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5275 sentences = 239 flesch = 51 summary = Without COVID-19, lower-income students 15 The cutoff for median parental income in our sample is $80,000 16 Based on analysis of ASU administrative data including transcripts, we find that, relative to their counterparts, first-generation, lower-income, and non-white students drop out at higher rates, take longer to graduate, have lower GPAs at graduation, and are more likely to switch majors when in college (see Appendix Table A3) J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Second, Panel (d) of Figure 1 shows that the switch to online learning was substantially harder for some demographic groups; for example, men are 7 percentage points less likely to opt for an online version of a course as a result of COVID-19, while women do not have a statistically significant change in their online preferences. cache = ./cache/cord-299547-9i8kv8p8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299547-9i8kv8p8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299424-qy3lccjq author = MUBAGWA, Kanigula title = Chloroquine cardiac effects and toxicity.A short update. date = 2020-06-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8955 sentences = 464 flesch = 41 summary = -The mechanisms underlying cardiac chloroquine effects include direct actions on ion channels and receptors, while others involve an inhibition of autophagy. Functional changes in remodeled myocardium include modifications in the electrical properties (called electrical remodeling), as a result of altered expression of ion channels (e.g., Kir K + channels, L-type Ca 2+ channels, connexins, ryanodine receptors, etc.), transporters (e.g., Na + -Ca 2+ -and exchangers, sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPases, etc.) and other proteins, which impact on the action potential and its conduction within the cardiac tissue, on the excitation-contraction coupling, and on the contractile properties. I K-ATP inhibition in cardiac myocytes occurred at micromolar concentrations (IC 50 : 0.5 µM), indicating that chloroquine at therapeutic doses could also act on the heart through mechanisms involving ATP-sensitive channels, e.g. to antagonize fibrillation following action potential shortening and inhomogeneity during ischemia. The mechanisms underlying chloroquine effects include direct actions on ion channels and receptors, while others (especially a cardiomyopathy developing following long-term treatment) involve the inhibition of autophagy. cache = ./cache/cord-299424-qy3lccjq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299424-qy3lccjq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295807-68sukdb1 author = Quade, Bianca N. title = The therapeutic importance of acid-base balance date = 2020-10-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 20791 sentences = 1128 flesch = 42 summary = Despite these specious claims, the therapeutic value of controlling acid-base balance is indisputable and is the basis of Food and Drug Administration-approved treatments for constipation, epilepsy, metabolic acidosis, and peptic ulcers. Although studies of the role of acid-base balance in health and disease have resulted in the generation of several FDA-approved pharmaceuticals such as contraceptive gels and gastric-acid suppressors, systematic reviews of random trials of the clinical effectiveness of NaHCO3 itself tend to be circumspect in their conclusions. For example: MAc can result from diet, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes (diabetic ketoacidosis) or can follow acute myocardial infarction (lactic acidosis), mutations in renal acid-base transporters (renal tubular acidosis, see section 4.9), intoxication with compounds (e.g., aspirin), and diarrhea (loss of HCO3 --rich secretions) [53] [54] [55] [56] [57] . cache = ./cache/cord-295807-68sukdb1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295807-68sukdb1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299363-y7o8ovf9 author = Guliyev, Hasraddin title = Determining the spatial effects of COVID-19 using the spatial panel data model date = 2020-04-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3127 sentences = 270 flesch = 65 summary = We examine the factors affecting COVID-19 together with the spatial effects, and use spatial panel data models to determine the relationship among the variables including their spatial effects. Using spatial panel models, we analyse the relationship between the rate of confirmed cases (R c ) of COVID-19, the rate of deaths (R d ), the rate of recovered cases (R r ) due to treatment, with spatial and temporal effects. This further suggests that it is necessary to construct spatial panel data models rather than SLMs, which do not consider spatial effects, if our objective is to explore the influencing factors of the rate of confirmed cases and their spatial spillover effects. Built on the spatial panel data of 31 regions in China from 22 January 2020 to 10 March 2020, we investigated the influencing variables (the rate of deaths and recovered cases) and their spatial spillover effects of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-299363-y7o8ovf9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299363-y7o8ovf9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299613-5ju5fcf4 author = Arthi, Vellore title = Disease, downturns, and wellbeing: Economic history and the long-run impacts of COVID-19 date = 2020-11-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 17509 sentences = 810 flesch = 48 summary = In this paper, we review the evidence on the long-run effects on health, labor, and human capital of both historical pandemics (with a focus on the 1918 Influenza Pandemic) and historical recessions (with a focus on the Great Depression). Thus, a historical perspective allows us to use rich data to look at not only the short-term effects of crises like COVID-19 on health, labor, and human capital, but also the long-term and intergenerational impacts along these dimensions for both individuals and the wider economy. To examine how history can inform our view of the coronavirus pandemic and associated policy responses as they relate to long-run wellbeing, we begin in Section II by reviewing the features of COVID-19 that will determine its potential health and economic impacts, and placing these features in historical context. cache = ./cache/cord-299613-5ju5fcf4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299613-5ju5fcf4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323467-ifwjvvjj author = Beaver, Annabelle title = Invited review: A systematic review of the effects of early separation on dairy cow and calf health date = 2019-07-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10070 sentences = 493 flesch = 51 summary = A limiting factor in many of the cross-sectional studies presented in this review is the absence of a temporal relationship between Johne's diagnosis and the impleListed for each study are country, breed of cattle, study design, groups compared (in reference to length of cow-calf contact), total number of calves sampled, the number of herds included (and groups within herds where applicable), the type of herd, the diagnostic(s) used, and the authors' conclusion and direction of effect (with + signifying a beneficial effect of suckling or cow-calf contact, − signifying a negative effect, and = representing no difference. Official Johne's disease control programs frequently describe the risks associated with allowing the calf to suckle and remain within the maternity area, or directly recommend immediate separation of cow and calf following parturition; such programs include the Three Step Calf Rearing Plan of Australia (Animal Health Australia, 2016), the Voluntary Bovine Johne's Disease Control Program of the United States (USDA, 2010), and several regionspecific Canadian programs [such as the Atlantic Veterinary College (2015) Johne's Disease Initiative, which deems calf nursing to be a risky practice, even within test-negative herds]. cache = ./cache/cord-323467-ifwjvvjj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323467-ifwjvvjj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301539-9acp0m33 author = Lin, Chih-Yin title = Potential Role of Nrf2 Activators with Dual Antiviral and Anti-Inflammatory Properties in the Management of Viral Pneumonia date = 2020-06-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2413 sentences = 161 flesch = 36 summary = title: Potential Role of Nrf2 Activators with Dual Antiviral and Anti-Inflammatory Properties in the Management of Viral Pneumonia In an in vitro study of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-1), several compounds with antiviral activity, including diterpenes, sesquiterpenes, lupane-type triterpenes, lignoids, and curcumin were identified. These groups of plantderived chemicals and their analogs might provide a class of drugs that possesses both antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties and might help tackle the pathophysiological changes in viral pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Another Nrf2 activator named sulforaphane was also studied for its antiviral capacity, and could suppress respiratory viruses, such as RSV 22 and influenza virus. Curcumin modulates the inflammatory response and inhibits subsequent fibrosis in a mouse model of viral-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome Curcumin alleviates macrophage activation and lung inflammation induced by influenza virus infection through inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. Sulforaphane exerts anti-inflammatory effects against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice through the Nrf2/ARE pathway cache = ./cache/cord-301539-9acp0m33.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301539-9acp0m33.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319646-6cex9gid author = Wu, Guoyao title = Important roles of dietary taurine, creatine, carnosine, anserine and 4-hydroxyproline in human nutrition and health date = 2020-02-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 21395 sentences = 998 flesch = 44 summary = It is now recognized that taurine plays major roles in human physiology and nutrition, including serving as: (1) a nutrient to conjugate bile acids to form bile salts in the liver that facilitate intestinal absorption of dietary lipids (including lipid-soluble vitamins) and eliminate cholesterol in bile via the fecal route; (2) a major antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and anti-apoptotic factor in the body; (3) a physiological stabilizer of cell membranes; (4) a regulator of modulation of Ca 2+ signaling, fluid homeostasis in cells, and retinal photoreceptor activity; (5) a contributor Fig. 1 Absorption of taurine, creatine, carnosine, anserine, and 4-hydroxyproline by the human small intestine and the transport of the nutrients in blood. Dietary taurine, creatine, carnosine, anserine, and 4-hydroxyproline (which are all abundant in beef) play an important role in inhibiting oxidative stress (a common trigger of chronic diseases) and inflammation, ameliorating tissue (e.g., brain, heart, skeletal muscle, kidney, liver, and gut) injury, and improving metabolic profiles in animals and humans. cache = ./cache/cord-319646-6cex9gid.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319646-6cex9gid.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316992-fe5u2oi0 author = Nirk, Eliise Laura title = Hydroxychloroquine in rheumatic autoimmune disorders and beyond date = 2020-07-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10114 sentences = 464 flesch = 43 summary = These effects are achieved through the modulation of the autoimmune response by (i) impairing functions of the endolysosomal system through its lysosomotropic effects (Ziegler & Unanue, 1982; Kaufmann & Krise, 2007; Yoon et al, 2010) , (ii) decreasing the levels of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines (Sperber et al, 1993; Van Den Borne et al, 1997) , (iii) inhibiting T-cell proliferation (Landewe et al, 1995; Costedoat-Chalumeau et al, 2014) , (iv) blocking Tolllike receptors (TLRs) (Kyburz et al, 2006) and (v) autophagy inhibition (An et al, 2017c) . Activation of TLRs, especially in macrophages, monocytes and T helper cells, but also in neutrophils and endothelial cells, induces the production and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, a hallmark of RADs (Beutler & Cerami, 1989 (A) CQ and HCQ are weak bases that accumulate inside acidic subcellular compartments, e.g. endosomes and lysosomes. cache = ./cache/cord-316992-fe5u2oi0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316992-fe5u2oi0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338778-l53i77rn author = Kim, Hong-bumm title = Do expectations of future wealth increase outbound tourism? Evidence from Korea date = 2012-01-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5922 sentences = 269 flesch = 44 summary = where TOURIST is the number of outbound travelers departing from South Korea, INCOME is the average household income index, EX is the real effective exchange rate that accounts for changes in relative purchasing power parity in both prices and currency valuation, KOSPI is the index value of the Korean stock market, APT is the aggregate sales price index of apartments in Korea, FUEL is jet fuel price proxying for airfare, SQ 1w3 are the quarter dummies, the AFC DUMMY (1 if 1997:Q3e1998:Q2, 0 elsewhere) for the Asian Financial Crisis, 9/11 DUMMY for the September 11th Attack (1 if 2001:Q4, 0 elsewhere), and the SARS DUMMY (1 if 2003: Q2, 0 elsewhere) are dummy variables taking on the value of unity upon the occurrence of a macro event and zero if not, and t is the time subscript denoting the pertaining quarter. cache = ./cache/cord-338778-l53i77rn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338778-l53i77rn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316181-ccauw70y author = Yang, Fude title = Radix Bupleuri: A Review of Traditional Uses, Botany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology date = 2017-05-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5712 sentences = 305 flesch = 35 summary = Crude extracts and pure compounds isolated from Radix Bupleuri exhibited various biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antipyretic, antimicrobial, antiviral, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and immunomodulatory effects. Pharmacokinetic studies have demonstrated that the major bioactive compounds (saikosaponins a, b(2), c, and d) were absorbed rapidly in rats after oral administration of the extract of Radix Bupleuri. Triterpenoid saponins are the main active components of Radix Bupleuri, which exhibit a broad spectrum of biological and pharmacological effects, including analgesic, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and antiviral activities [3, [41] [42] [43] . reported that saikosaponins from Radix Bupleuri exhibited anti-inflammatory activity on inflammatory processes including inhibition of inflammatory exudation, capillary permeability, inflammatory mediators release, migration of white cells, connective tissue hyperplasia, and a variety of allergic inflammation [67] . Saponins isolated from Radix Bupleuri also exhibited significantly anti-proliferative activity in human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells through Fas-dependent apoptotic pathway [80] . cache = ./cache/cord-316181-ccauw70y.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316181-ccauw70y.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321590-8y1jy01c author = Hetland, Geir title = Can medicinal mushrooms have prophylactic or therapeutic effect against COVID‐19 and its pneumonic superinfection and complicating inflammation? date = 2020-07-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5617 sentences = 302 flesch = 41 summary = The related Basidiomycota Agaricus blazei Murill (AbM), Hericium erinaceus (HE), and Grifola frondosa (GF) have been shown to exert antimicrobial activity against viral agents, Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria, and parasites in vitro and in vivo. Effect of a Medicinal Agaricus blazei Murill-Based Mushroom Extract, AndoSan™, on Symptoms, Fatigue and Quality of Life in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis in a Randomized Single-Blinded Placebo Controlled Study Effect of the Medicinal Agaricus blazei Murill-Based Mushroom Extract, AndoSanTM, on Symptoms, Fatigue and Quality of Life in Patients with Crohn's Disease in a Randomized Single-Blinded Placebo Controlled Study Cytokine levels after consumption of a medicinal Agaricus blazei murill-based mushroom extract, AndoSan™, in patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis in a randomized single-blinded placebo-controlled study Effect of an extract based on the medicinal mushroom Agaricus blazei Murill on expression of cytokines and calprotectin in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease cache = ./cache/cord-321590-8y1jy01c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321590-8y1jy01c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331633-ix5un6c9 author = Teixeira, Maria C. title = Nanomedicines for the Delivery of Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) date = 2020-03-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9125 sentences = 497 flesch = 32 summary = AMPs are small natural oligopeptides that have recently showed a potential activity against antibiotics resistance mechanisms, due to their ability in lysing bacterial membranes, thus providing broad-spectrum effects, targeting microorganisms from viruses to parasites. Antimicrobial drug delivery using polymeric NPs offers several advantages: (i) structural stability in biological fluids and under harsh and various conditions for preparation; (ii) precisely tuneable properties, such as size, zeta-potentials, and drug release profiles, by manipulating polymer lengths, surfactants, and organic solvents used for NP preparation [67] , and (iii) facile and versatile surface functionalization for conjugating drugs and targeting ligands [68] . Other types of nanomaterials, such as dendrimers and carbon nanodots, have also been successfully proposed for the delivery of AMPs. Due to their ease of synthesis and low manufacturing costs, antimicrobial polymers including dendrimers have been exploited to mimic the antibacterial mechanism host defence peptides, by compromising bacterial cell membranes [115] . cache = ./cache/cord-331633-ix5un6c9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331633-ix5un6c9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310883-t5r4xqj3 author = Grundler, Franziska title = Interplay between oxidative damage, the redox status, and metabolic biomarkers during long-term fasting date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4000 sentences = 210 flesch = 50 summary = We recently documented that long-term fasting improves metabolic health and enhanced the total antioxidant capacity. A machine learning model showed that a combination of antioxidant parameters measured at baseline predicted the efficiency of the fasting regimen to decrease LDL levels. In conclusion, we demonstrated that long-term fasting enhanced the endogenous production of antioxidant molecules, that act protectively against free radicals, and in parallel improved the metabolic health status. indicators of redox status of humans which showed that while the total antioxidant capacity 7 (TAC) was enhanced, TBARS, an important indicator of lipid peroxidation, were reduced 8 (Wilhelmi de Toledo et al., 2020a). Although bilirubin was not measured in this study, we measured the increase in uric 6 acid and its association with TAC, that was discussed in detail in the previous article 7 Besides showing that long-term fasting improves the redox status and metabolic health 1 indicators, an interplay between these parameters was described. cache = ./cache/cord-310883-t5r4xqj3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310883-t5r4xqj3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308946-5flw7xk4 author = Kreiner, Jenny title = Saposhnikoviae divaricata: a phytochemical, pharmacological, and pharmacokinetic review date = 2017-04-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4994 sentences = 239 flesch = 40 summary = The discourse on the diverse class of chromones and coumarins in SD offers an insight to the pharmacological effects of these bioactive constituents as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, immunoregulatory, antioxidative, and anti-proliferative agents. These chromones are discovered to exhibit strong pharmacological activities in attenuating inflammatory [4] , scavenging free radical [20] , and inhibiting pain [8] in in vitro studies. The anti-nociceptive Anti-inflammatory effects GC, C, MV, and anomalin appear to exert considerable inhibition in major inflammatory pathways, namely nuclear factor (NF)-κB, mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and nitric oxide production. Anti-inflammatory effects of SD chromones were revealed in arthritic rats, including significant decline in the arthritis score for pain and swelling, with a reduction of the inflammatory cytokines levels, although suppression of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α and IL-1β was only observed in rats treated with higher dose of SD [21] . cache = ./cache/cord-308946-5flw7xk4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308946-5flw7xk4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322279-6ffnejwj author = Kwon, Seungwon title = Could herbal medicine (Soshihotang) be a new treatment option for COVID-19?: A Narrative Review date = 2020-07-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4609 sentences = 259 flesch = 48 summary = 10 In this short narrative review, we will discuss the current clinical use and antiviral effects of Soshihotang (SSHT, Xiao Chai Hu Tang in Chinese, Shosaikoto in Japanese), which has been used in the past mainly for infectious diseases with chronic progression. Based on the search results, we summarized the following items in the form of a narrative review; i) indications of SSHT in classical medicine and in symptoms of COVID-19, ii) utilization status and clinical evidence of SSHT in infectious diseases, especially viral diseases, iii) antiviral effect of SSHT in experimental studies, iv) potential role of SSHT in repurposing J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f the treatment of COVID-19, v) SSHT variants that can be used according to various clinical symptoms, and vi) cautions when using SSHT. cache = ./cache/cord-322279-6ffnejwj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322279-6ffnejwj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327045-hn8pmcto author = Li, Yao title = Quercetin, Inflammation and Immunity date = 2016-03-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5360 sentences = 292 flesch = 40 summary = In vitro and some animal models have shown that quercetin, a polyphenol derived from plants, has a wide range of biological actions including anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities; as well as attenuating lipid peroxidation, platelet aggregation and capillary permeability. A study demonstrates that quercetin has a direct regulatory effect on basic functional properties of immune cells which may be mediated by the extracellular regulated kinase 2 (Erk2) mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signal pathway in human mitogen-activated PBMC and purified T lymphocytes [54] . Quercetin most likely universally suppresses the accumulation and activation of immune cells, including anti-inflammatory cells, whereas it specifically increased gene expression associated with mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in Western diet-induced obese mice. showed that a supplement of 1000 mg of quercetin alone three weeks before, during and two weeks after a three-day period of 3 h of cycling in the winter resulted in a markedly lower incidence of URTI in well-trained subjects in the two weeks after the intensified training, but had no effect on exercise-induced immune dysfunction, inflammation and oxidative stress [76] . cache = ./cache/cord-327045-hn8pmcto.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327045-hn8pmcto.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323647-q67fa0m3 author = Misra, Durga Prasanna title = Benefits and adverse effects of hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate and colchicine: searching for repurposable drug candidates date = 2020-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6149 sentences = 288 flesch = 36 summary = Hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate and colchicine are also being tried at different stages of the ongoing Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic for prophylaxis and treatment. The HIBISCUS multicentre multinational trial is evaluating the effect of HCQ (400 mg daily for the duration of pregnancy) compared to placebo, in addition to standard therapy (i.e. preventative dose of low molecular weight heparin with aspirin), on live births in women with primary APS. A related study, the HIBISCUS-T trial, is evaluating the preventative role for recurrent thrombosis in patients with thrombotic APS treated with HCQ or placebo in addition to oral anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists for 24 months [15] . Clinical trials might also attempt to decipher the potential utility of hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate or colchicine for primary prevention of cardiovascular events in a high risk population, such as those with metabolic syndrome and in individuals with inflammatory arthritides which predispose to greater cardiovascular risk. cache = ./cache/cord-323647-q67fa0m3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323647-q67fa0m3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313971-czcs1y9w author = Zhao, Yang title = Airborne Microorganisms From Livestock Production Systems and Their Relation to Dust date = 2014-04-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 15181 sentences = 779 flesch = 45 summary = Specifically, in section 2, we identify the sources, species, size distributions, and concentrations of Identifying the source of microorganisms and dust in livestock production systems helps to elucidate how airborne transmission is generated, and ultimately can help to develop and implement strategies that prevent such transmission from beginning (Bull et al., 2006; Cambra-Lopez, 2010) . Investigations of the size distribution of microorganisms and dust in livestock production systems may provide a useful overview of their quantitative importance, indicate the health risk for human and animals, and facilitate the establishment and evaluation of control techniques. Previous studies showed that the biological decay of airborne microorganisms was species-dependent and was determined by many external factors, such as humidity, oxygen concentration, temperature, ozone concentration, radiation (UV, γ -ray, X-ray), air ions, and air pollutants (CO, SO 2 , and NO x ; Benbough, 1971; Lighthart, 1973) . cache = ./cache/cord-313971-czcs1y9w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313971-czcs1y9w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302398-gsg6akaz author = Wu, Mengjie title = Microplastics in waters and soils: Occurrence, analytical methods and ecotoxicological effects date = 2020-10-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10325 sentences = 539 flesch = 48 summary = Despite that information on the detection, identification and quantification of MPs can be found in a number of papers (Claessens et al., 2011; Lebreton et al., 2017; Martin et al., 2018; Reddy et al., 2006; Xiong et al., 2019; Zobkov and Esiukova, 2018) , comprehensive studies on MPs which involve in their occurrence, distribution, sampling, pretreatment, characterization in freshwaters and sediments, as well as ecological influences on aquatic and soil organisms and humans are still needed. Therefore, the review aimed to: (1) present the occurrence and abundance of MP in some typical freshwater systems in China; (2) summarize frequently used sampling, pretreatment and characterization methods for MPs in waters and sediments; (3) elucidate ecological impacts of MPs on aquatic organisms, soil biota and human health; (4) point out knowledge gaps in current studies of MPs and make corresponding recommendations for further research. cache = ./cache/cord-302398-gsg6akaz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302398-gsg6akaz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317250-a5ni1s9e author = Jackson, Ronald S. title = Wine, food, and health date = 2020-04-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 19834 sentences = 1219 flesch = 45 summary = Abusive ethanol consumption can cause cirrhosis of the liver, increase the likelihood of hypertension and stroke, favor the development of breast and digestive tract cancers, induce fetal alcohol syndrome, among others. Despite the general beneficial effects of moderate amounts of alcohol on digestion, the phenolic content of red wine may counter some of these influences. The effect on the latter two groups appears reflected in the reduced incidence of the common cold in moderate alcohol consumers (Cohen et al., 1993) , particularly those drinking red wines (Takkouche et al., 2002) . The source of these benefits may be a combination of enhanced calcium uptake, associated with alcohol consumption (Ilich et al., 2002) , the phytoestrogen effects of phenolics, such as resveratrol and kaempferol, or other unsuspected influences. Review of moderate alcohol consumption and reduced risk of coronary heart disease: is the effect due to beer, wine, or spirits? cache = ./cache/cord-317250-a5ni1s9e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317250-a5ni1s9e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320053-uceukiie author = Jones, Arwel Wyn title = Chapter 15 Exercise, Immunity, and Illness date = 2019-12-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 19358 sentences = 847 flesch = 38 summary = Abstract It is generally accepted that moderate amounts of exercise improve immune system functions and hence reduce the risk of infection whereas athletes engaged in regular prolonged and/or intensive training have a higher than "normal" incidence of minor infections, especially of the upper respiratory tract (URT, e.g., common cold and influenza). In contrast to animal research, human studies (attempting to discern the effects of prolonged exercise/intense training on URTI) have mainly involved monitoring athletes following heavy exertion (i.e., relied on natural exposure to pathogens) but only a limited number of these have verified that symptoms are due to infectious agents (pathogens) (Spence et al., 2007; Schwellnus et al., 2010; Hanstock et al., 2016) . cache = ./cache/cord-320053-uceukiie.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320053-uceukiie.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305240-r6i7d06v author = Dimitrova-Shumkovska, Jasmina title = Potential Beneficial Actions of Fucoidan in Brain and Liver Injury, Disease, and Intoxication—Potential Implication of Sirtuins date = 2020-05-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 13365 sentences = 606 flesch = 30 summary = Fucoidan reduces inflammatory response in brain diseases by inhibiting microglial activation, thus resulting in significantly decreased neuronal and astrocyte degeneration due to diminishing production of pro-apoptotic agents and improving antioxidant responses of the cell. Newer reports about the molecular pathways involved in fucoidan neuroprotective effects on dopaminergic nerve precursor cells (MN9D) treated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridine (MPP + ) suggest its involvement in increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration and decreasing the apoptosis levels by downregulation of Bax expression [13] . Newer reports about the molecular pathways involved in fucoidan neuroprotective effects on dopaminergic nerve precursor cells (MN9D) treated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridine (MPP + ) suggest its involvement in increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration and decreasing the apoptosis levels by downregulation of Bax expression [13] . cache = ./cache/cord-305240-r6i7d06v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305240-r6i7d06v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339082-8gogju5n author = Swire-Thompson, Briony title = Searching for the Backfire Effect: Measurement and Design Considerations date = 2020-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7175 sentences = 351 flesch = 43 summary = In this article, we discuss the current state of the worldview and familiarity backfire effect literatures, examine barriers to measuring the correction of misinformation, and conclude with recommendations for fact-checkers and communicators. There have subsequently been worldview backfire effects reported in a variety of subgroups with misinformation regarding vaccines (in respondents with least favorable vaccine attitudes, Nyhan, Reifler, Richey, & Freed, 2014; in respondents with high levels of concern about vaccine side effects, Nyhan & Reifler, 2015) , climate change (in Republican participants, Hart & Nisbet, 2012; in Republicans with high political interest, Zhou, 2016) , the existence of death panels (in politically knowledgeable Palin supporters, Nyhan, Reifler, & Ubel, 2013) , and with a fictitious scenario detailing that right-wing politicians generally misappropriate public funds more than left-wing politicians (in right-wing attentive participants, Ecker & Ang, 2019), see Appendix B. cache = ./cache/cord-339082-8gogju5n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339082-8gogju5n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320172-qw47pf9r author = Greaves, Peter title = VII Digestive System 1 date = 2000-12-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 47375 sentences = 2238 flesch = 40 summary = In common with other changes induced in the digestive tract of rats and cynomolgus monkeys by the administration of recombinant human epidermal growth factor, the tongue showed squamous epithelial hyperplasia characterised by a uniform increase in the thickness of the squamous epithelium in both species (Breider et al., 1996; Reindel et al., 1996) . Detailed study of hypertrophy, protein synthesis, and intracellular cAMP activity in the salivary glands of rats treated for 10 days with isoprenaline (isoproterenol), a series of β-adrenergic receptor agonists and the phosphodiesterase inhibitors, theophylline and caffeine, showed that similar effects occurred with all agents although differences in the degree of hypertrophy, the nature of pro-tein and glycoprotein synthesis and Golgi membrane enzyme activity were recorded (Wells and Humphreys-Beher, 1985) . Studies in the rat have shown that diffuse atrophy of the gastric glands characterised by a decrease in the number and size of parietal, chief and mucous cells occurs transiently following truncal vagotomy but histological features return to normal by about 1 month after surgery (Nakamura, 1985) . cache = ./cache/cord-320172-qw47pf9r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320172-qw47pf9r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350973-rprrkr37 author = Ahmad, Md Faruque title = An updated knowledge of Black seed (Nigella sativa Linn): Review of phytochemical constituents and pharmacological properties date = 2020-09-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6609 sentences = 389 flesch = 49 summary = title: An updated knowledge of Black seed (Nigella sativa Linn): Review of phytochemical constituents and pharmacological properties Anti-inflammatory effects of the Nigella sativa seed extract, thymoquinone, in pancreatic cancer cells Effects of Nigella sativa oil on gastric secretion and ethanol induced ulcer in rats Black cumin (Nigella sativa) and its constituent (thymoquinone): a review on antimicrobial effects Effects of Nigella sativa oil extract on inflammatory cytokine response and oxidative stress status in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial Effects of black seed (Nigella sativa) on metabolic parameters in diabetes mellitus: A systematic review Anti-cancer properties and mechanisms of action of thymoquinone, the major active ingredient of Nigella sativa Anti-microbial effect of Nigella sativa seed extract against staphylococcal skin Infection Nigella Sativa and its active constituents thymoquinone shows pivotal role in the diseases prevention and treatment Protective effects of Nigella sativa against hypertension-induced oxidative stress and cardiovascular dysfunction in rats cache = ./cache/cord-350973-rprrkr37.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350973-rprrkr37.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341720-qwdjb7vk author = Jukic, Igor title = Strategies and Solutions for Team Sports Athletes in Isolation due to COVID-19 date = 2020-04-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4264 sentences = 214 flesch = 41 summary = Based on the current scientific, we strongly recommend encouraging the athlete to reset their mindset to understand quarantine as an opportunity for development, organizing appropriate guidance, educating and encourage athletes to apply appropriate preventive behavior and hygiene measures to promote immunity and ensuring good living isolation conditions. Detraining affects different physiological systems (e.g., neuromuscular, cardiovascular, respiratory or muscle-skeletal) and their corresponding physical capacities (e.g., strength and power, endurance, speed or flexibility). It has been suggested that performing eccentric muscle actions during training is essential to promote greater and longer-lasting neural adaptations to training [24] and that speed-strength is better maintained during periods of reduced training if previously the focus of training was on power development [25] . This decrease in muscle size translates to a 7% and 12% reduction in strength and team sports athletes, after a period of inactivity ranging from 8 to 12 weeks. cache = ./cache/cord-341720-qwdjb7vk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341720-qwdjb7vk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353815-w35spqqt author = Huan, Yuchen title = Antimicrobial Peptides: Classification, Design, Application and Research Progress in Multiple Fields date = 2020-10-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 12266 sentences = 623 flesch = 38 summary = This review introduces the progress of research on AMPs comprehensively and systematically, including their classification, mechanism of action, design methods, environmental factors affecting their activity, application status, prospects in various fields and problems to be solved. Tryptophan (Trp), as a non-polar amino acid, has a remarkable effect on the interface region of the lipid bilayer, whereas Arg, as a basic amino acid, confers peptide charge and hydrogen bond interactions, which are essential properties to combine with the bacterial membrane's abundant anionic component. And it seems that Trp residues play the role of natural aromatic activators of Arg-rich AMPs by ion-pair-π interactions (Walrant et al., 2020) , thereby promoting enhanced peptide-membrane interactions (Chan et al., 2006) . Furthermore, L4H4, which is designed based on the linear cationic amphiphilic peptide magainin, also shows good antibacterial activity and cell penetration properties by inserting four histidine sequences in leucine and alanine (Lointier et al., 2020) . cache = ./cache/cord-353815-w35spqqt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353815-w35spqqt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339293-7ks3bopm author = Nejatifard, Marzieh title = Probable Positive Effects of the Photobiomodulation as an Adjunctive Treatment in COVID-19: A Systematic Review date = 2020-10-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4581 sentences = 252 flesch = 49 summary = Therefore, this review study was conducted to evaluate the direct effect of PBM on the acute lung inflammation or ARDS and also accelerating the regeneration of the damaged tissues. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the direct effect of the PBM on the acute lung inflammation or ARDS and accelerating the regeneration of the damaged tissue. The included papers were evaluated for the effect of light therapy, PBM, or low -level laser therapy on the lung inflammation, ARDS, lymphocytes, neutrophils, and lung parenchyma. All the studies confirmed that the PBM can reduce the lung inflammation, neutrophil recruitment, and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. All the papers have shown the anti-inflammatory effects of the PBM including reducing the lung edema, cytokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, neutrophil influx, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and damage to the endothelial cytoskeleton. cache = ./cache/cord-339293-7ks3bopm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339293-7ks3bopm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325779-pxnl4wgc author = Liang, Yu-lei title = Thoughts on the effects of moxa smoke in the epidemic prevention: 关于艾烟防疫作用的思考 date = 2020-07-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2557 sentences = 129 flesch = 48 summary = Through summarizing and analyzing the modern mechanism researches and controversial questions of moxibustion fumigation in the epidemic prevention, the thoughts on tackling the critical points are proposed in the paper, such as the recognition of moxa smoke in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the mechanism of moxa smoke in air disinfection and the characteristics of clinical application of moxa smoke so as to provide the references to the prevention and control of COVID-19 in TCM. The author was intended to propose some approaches to moxibustion in the battle against corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19) by analyzing the mechanism of moxa fumigation in the epidemic prevention and the related controversial issues. In modern researches, the role of essential oil in Folium Artemisiae Argyi has been briefly classified as the function of moxa smoke [31] , resulting in unclear effect and application and inducing some safety controversy of toxic side reactions. cache = ./cache/cord-325779-pxnl4wgc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325779-pxnl4wgc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310663-504p29hv author = Gambardella, Jessica title = Arginine and Endothelial Function date = 2020-08-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7191 sentences = 373 flesch = 26 summary = In the clinical scenario, the oral administration of arginine acutely improves endothelium-dependent, flow-mediated dilatation of the brachial artery in patients with essential hypertension [237] ; however, the long-term effects of arginine were not investigated in this study [237] . A prospective, crossover clinical trial conducted in mildly hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients revealed a significant decrease in blood pressure in response to arginine, occurring two hours after the oral administration; the effect of lowering blood pressure was associated with increased plasma levels of citrulline, whereas no significant changes in insulin levels were detected, suggesting that the observed phenotype was dependent on arginine-induced NO synthesis [295] . A double-blind study on 24 diabetic patients verified this assumption evaluating the combination of N-acetylcysteine and arginine oral treatments: the combined treatment was able to reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, C-reactive proteins, vascular adhesion molecules, and improved the intima-media thickness during endothelial post-ischemic vasodilation [299] . cache = ./cache/cord-310663-504p29hv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310663-504p29hv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343303-by0b3gy0 author = Nishinari, Katsuyoshi title = Molar mass effect in food and health date = 2020-09-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 21119 sentences = 960 flesch = 55 summary = For cellulose derivative compounds with different molar masses 37 but approximately the same degree of substitution, the steady shear viscosity of 2% solutions as a 38 function of shear rate is shown in Fig. 3A . The effect of molar mass of chitosan on the film properties of chitosan (CH) -corn starch (CS) 8 composite (50:50 mixing ratio) was studied using low, medium and high molecular weight (LMW, with HMM CH is approximately the same to that of HMW CS alone (Fig 19A) , values of WVP 15 Effects of injection of high or low molar mass HA to the joint synovial fluid of OA patients 39 were studied, and it was found that higher MW HA decreased some specific protein such as mammary gland branching and 10 kDa HA fragments strongly stimulate branching, but the 15 activity of HA decreases with increasing molecular weight and 500 kDa HA strongly inhibited this 16 morphogenetic process. cache = ./cache/cord-343303-by0b3gy0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343303-by0b3gy0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348994-ly2fop7d author = Faustini, Annunziata title = Attributable Risk to Assess the Health Impact of Air Pollution: Advances, Controversies, State of the Art and Future Needs date = 2020-06-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8162 sentences = 356 flesch = 41 summary = It also summarizes the ongoing discussion about the designs and methods for assessing the air pollution impact with particular attention to improvements due to spatio-temporal analysis and other new approaches, such as studying short term effects in cohorts, and the still discussed methods of predicting the values of attributable risk (AR). The most important problems with these studies were recognized by the researchers themselves, i.e., (1) not having studied other factors potentially responsible for the effects, including air pollutants other than particulate matter (PM), (2) not having individual measurements of exposure, which could prefigure exposure measurement errors, (3) having measured mortality that was premature only by a few days, which is an effect of limited public-health impact, (4) having used different methods to study this association in different cities. cache = ./cache/cord-348994-ly2fop7d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348994-ly2fop7d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331270-12zx0o2p author = Rico, Timóteo Matthies title = Use of Text Messaging (SMS) for the Management of Side Effects in Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy Treatment: a Randomized Controlled Trial date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5886 sentences = 290 flesch = 50 summary = title: Use of Text Messaging (SMS) for the Management of Side Effects in Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy Treatment: a Randomized Controlled Trial All text messages were sent to the intervention group patients in an automated and tailored way by our app called cHEmotHErApp. Side effects experienced by patients were verified using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core-30 (EORTC QLQ-C30). In our previous study, we showed the acceptance and perception of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy on an outpatient basis receiving daily text messages about prevention and managing side effects, as well as emotional support [30] . To our knowledge, the present study is the first clinical trial employing text messaging (SMS) with preventative advice and side effect management tips sent to cancer patients in outpatient chemotherapy. cache = ./cache/cord-331270-12zx0o2p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331270-12zx0o2p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339475-okw6la2b author = nan title = Chapter 11 Health effects date = 2005-12-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3084 sentences = 193 flesch = 46 summary = As an indication of their effectiveness, about one half of all 3-~tm particles inhaled through the mouth deposit in the alveolar region. As an indication of their effectiveness, about one half of all 3-~tm particles inhaled through the mouth deposit in the alveolar region. The diseases resulting from exposure to ambient aerosols include pulmonary emphysema, bronchitis, and, perhaps, lung cancer. However, none of the harmful components mentioned above exists in ambient particles at sufficiently high concentration levels to cause a specific disease. Complexity in chemical characteristics of ambient particles has led to considerable difficulty in identifying the components responsible for adverse health effects. Aerosol particles can serve as an effective carrier for ambient peroxides and reactive oxygen species to reach the alveolar region. When these reactive species are adsorbed on particle surfaces, they can easily reach the alveolar region and thereby lead to an adverse effect greater than in tracheobronchial airways. Pulmonary effects of inhaled ultrafine particles cache = ./cache/cord-339475-okw6la2b.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339475-okw6la2b.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348106-agwdmtug author = Shankar, Venkatesh title = Omnichannel Marketing: Are Cross-Channel Effects Symmetric? date = 2020-09-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10138 sentences = 578 flesch = 50 summary = The rapid growth in omnichannel (e.g., Web, call center, sales agent, store) shopping and the need to effectively allocate resources across channels are prompting managers and researchers to better understand cross-channel effects, that is, the effects of marketing efforts in one distribution channel on shopping outcomes in other channels. While the effect of marketing efforts in a channel on shopping outcomes in a dissimilar (with a different primary influence role) channel is positive (e.g., exclusive agent, the Web, and the call center channels are complementary), the magnitudes of the cross-channel effects are asymmetric. While the effect of marketing efforts in a channel on shopping outcomes in a dissimilar (with a different primary influence role and richness) channel is positive (e.g., J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Journal Pre-proof exclusive agent, the Web, and the call center channels are complementary), the directions and extent of cross-channel effects are asymmetric. cache = ./cache/cord-348106-agwdmtug.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348106-agwdmtug.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340882-why0t9ld author = Carneiro, Lara title = The Effects of Exclusively Resistance Training-Based Supervised Programs in People with Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials date = 2020-09-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8036 sentences = 401 flesch = 47 summary = title: The Effects of Exclusively Resistance Training-Based Supervised Programs in People with Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Specifically, evidence-based recommendations for the prescription of exercise for patients with major depressive disorders (MDDs) propose interventions of 2-3 sessions of supervised aerobic and/or aerobic and resistance training exercise of 45-60 min duration with moderate intensity per week [7] , although it has been suggested that the volume of training may be more relevant than frequency [16] . [26] , the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression-HAM-D-by Hamilton [27] , the Geriatric Depression Scale-GDS-of Yesavage [28] ), but without other major disease (e.g., Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, cancer, dementia); (ii) Only supervised exclusively resistance training-based interventions were considered, with minimal warm-up activities outside the scope of the main exercise mode; Comparators were control groups not performing any training protocol and/or supervised contrast groups also performing an alternative exercise program (i.e., yoga, stretching, aerobic exercise); Outcomes were any effects on performance, health and quality of life; Study design was limited to randomized controlled trials (RCTs). cache = ./cache/cord-340882-why0t9ld.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340882-why0t9ld.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335024-0klf75qr author = Saponaro, Federica title = An Update on Vitamin D Metabolism date = 2020-09-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9457 sentences = 496 flesch = 43 summary = Recently, new and interesting aspects of vitamin D metabolism has been elucidated, namely the special role of the skin, the metabolic control of liver hydroxylase CYP2R1, the specificity of 1α-hydroxylase in different tissues and cell types and the genomic, non-genomic and epigenomic effects of vitamin D receptor, which will be addressed in the present review. The aim of this review is to focus on some new, intriguing, and still incompletely clarified aspects of vitamin D metabolism, such as novel concepts in enzyme regulation, new pleiotropic effects of vitamin D receptor (VDR) activation, and epigenetic effects. From an evolutionary point of view, specific investigations and genome-wide association studies demonstrated that the ancient and initial role of vitamin D was likely the regulation of genes involved in energy metabolism [5] . New concepts have emerged in the last years, namely the special role of the skin, the metabolic control of liver hydroxylase CYP2R1, the specificity of 1α-hydroxylase in different tissues and cell types and the genomic, non-genomic and epigenomic effects of VDR. cache = ./cache/cord-335024-0klf75qr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335024-0klf75qr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344988-09vpehvf author = Overbeck, Silke title = Modulating the immune response by oral zinc supplementation: a single approach for multiple diseases date = 2008-02-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7943 sentences = 395 flesch = 41 summary = Zinc supplementation in diseases such as diarrhea, chronic hepatitis C, shigellosis, leprosy, tuberculosis, pneumonia, acute lower respiratory infection, and leishmaniasis seems beneficial. Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) results in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), a disease where zinc application was tested as a supporting therapeutic intervention [23] . [95] , there was no alteration of the CD4/CD8 ratio in the initial study [176] and several recent papers were unable to find effects of oral zinc on HIV-1 viral load, immune response to tuberculosis, lymphocyte subsets, CD4 + , CD8 + , and CD3 + cell counts, or antibody response to a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine [16, 27, 40, 54, 163] . Although this has not been directly investigated so far, the improvement in parameters for oxidative stress in diabetic patients indicates that the antioxidant effect of zinc is relevant for disease progression in vivo. cache = ./cache/cord-344988-09vpehvf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344988-09vpehvf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345696-gwbi6nlt author = Álvarez-Castro, José M. title = Gene–Environment Interaction in the Era of Precision Medicine – Filling the Potholes Rather Than Starting to Build a New Road date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6217 sentences = 261 flesch = 37 summary = (2019) provide a probabilistic approach based on a Bayesian framework to hierarchically model geneenvironment interaction, leading to a population-dependent index, C, called the genetic coefficient of the disease (at a population)-"a large C indicates large distinguishability of case genomes from control genomes." Then they illustrate the performance of the proposed methodology using a built-up example in which the disease susceptibility is by default very low (0.01) and it significantly increases due to either environmental (exposure) or genetic (risk allele) factors or both, to 0.4, 0.5, and 0.9, respectively. Using previous extensions of classical models of genetic effects (Álvarez-Castro and Yang, 2011; Alvarez-Castro and Crujeiras, 2019), the COIA regression framework for gene-environment interaction developed above and its implementation into an ARNOIA model can be extended to several, possibly multiallelic, loci with arbitrary epistasis and arbitrary departures from linkage equilibrium and simultaneously to several environmental variables with multiple environmental instances, with nonrandom associations (i.e., correlations) of environmental variables and of genotypes and environments. cache = ./cache/cord-345696-gwbi6nlt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345696-gwbi6nlt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344498-mwgccbfo author = Casado-Aranda, Luis-Alberto title = Analysis of the Scientific Production of the Effect of COVID-19 on the Environment: A Bibliometric Study date = 2020-11-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5776 sentences = 332 flesch = 46 summary = These publications can be broken down into six main themes: (i) a sharp reduction in air pollution and an improvement of the level of water pollution; (ii) the relationship of wind speed (positive), ultraviolet radiation (positive) and humidity (negative) with the rate of infections; (iii) the effect of the pandemic on the food supply chain and waste habits; (iv) wastewater monitoring offers a great potential as an early warning sign of COVID-19 transmission; (v) artificial intelligence and smart devices can be of great use in monitoring citizen mobilization; and (vi) the lessons gleaned from the pandemic that help define actions to mitigate climate change. The intention of the current study is to offer a first straightforward report on the evolution of publications combining the effect of COVID-19 on the environment since the outset of the pandemic, as well as to identify the main lines of research that are surging as a result of the crisis and establish a research agenda for environmental scholars. cache = ./cache/cord-344498-mwgccbfo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344498-mwgccbfo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340101-n9zqc1gm author = Bzdok, Danilo title = The Neurobiology of Social Distance date = 2020-06-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9246 sentences = 490 flesch = 45 summary = These authors conducted a follow-up analysis of 70 studies of longevity in older people, which followed ~3.5 million people over an average of ~7 years [16] : social isolation, living alone and feeling lonely increased the chances of dying by about 30%, even after accounting for age, sex and health status. There is now a wealth of evidence from long-term field studies of wild baboons that socially wellconnected females experience less harassment by other monkeys [7, 23] , have lower levels of cortisol stress hormones [25, 26] , faster wound healing [27] , produce more offspring and live longer [28] [29] [30] [31] . The perspective of brain network integration in loneliness was investigated in a seminal neuroimaging study of intrinsic functional connectivity in ~1,000 humans [124] . In humans, a longitudinal neuroimaging study indeed showed that social support from the mother promotes volume growth trajectories in the hippocampus, and predicts socioemotional development and emotion regulation in early adolescence [141] . cache = ./cache/cord-340101-n9zqc1gm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340101-n9zqc1gm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347644-4qenzjiu author = Shorter, John R. title = A Diallel of the Mouse Collaborative Cross Founders Reveals Strong Strain-Specific Maternal Effects on Litter Size date = 2019-03-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6968 sentences = 318 flesch = 47 summary = We identified factors that affect the average litter size in a cross by estimating the overall contribution of parent-of-origin, heterosis, inbred, and epistatic effects using a Bayesian zero-truncated overdispersed Poisson mixed model. Litter size is moderately heritable, and maternal effects account for the majority of explained variation To estimate founder strain effects on litter size, we used a Bayesian regression model that decomposes the phenotypic variation in the diallel into genetic and parent-of-origin contributions (Lenarcic et al. Using this model, the percentage of the variance in litter size explained by diallel effects was 17.73%, with additive effects explaining 9.18% (VarP[additive]; this GCA-like measure being related to narrow sense heritability), parent-of-origin effects (VarP[parental.sex]) accounting for 5.77%, the fact of being inbred (VarP[inbred.overall]) at 1.43%, and strain-by-strain interactions (VarP[epistatic.symmetric] + VarP[asymmetric.epistatic]) at 3.40% (Figure 2A) . cache = ./cache/cord-347644-4qenzjiu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347644-4qenzjiu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351932-dn60t7qa author = Salehi, Bahare title = Dioscorea Plants: A Genus Rich in Vital Nutra-pharmaceuticals-A Review date = 2019 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9680 sentences = 512 flesch = 38 summary = As reported by Jesus et al., 2016 , diosgenin (3-β-hydroxy-5spirostene) is the primary furostanol saponin found in several plants, including Dioscorea species, and is described as a promising bioactive compound with several medicinal properties, i.e. hypolipidemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycaemic, and antiproliferative activities (5) . A new furostanol glycoside namely 26-O-β -D-glucopyranosyl-3β,26-dihydroxy-20,22-seco-25(R)-furost-5en-20,22-dione-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-α -L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-[ α -L -r h a m n o p y r a n o s y l -( 1 → 2 ) ] -β -Dglucopyranoside was isolated from the methanolic extract of the rhizome of Dioscorea cayenensis growing in Cameroon, together with the known spirostanol saponins described as methyl protodioscin, asperoside and prosapogenin A of dioscin (12) . Concerning the phytochemical profile, twelve cyclic diarylheptanoids were isolated from the rhizomes of Dioscorea nipponica (20) , among which two new cyclic diarylheptanoids, diosniponol A and B; moreover, as reported by the same authors, these compounds were evaluated for their effects on nitric oxide production without cell toxicity in lipopolysaccharide-activated BV-2 cells. cache = ./cache/cord-351932-dn60t7qa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351932-dn60t7qa.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354651-bxm9yxjm author = Zeng, Yawen title = Molecular Mechanism of Functional Ingredients in Barley to Combat Human Chronic Diseases date = 2020-03-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 15969 sentences = 788 flesch = 42 summary = Chronic consumption of barley β-glucans can decrease fatty liver by increasing small intestinal contents viscosity and improving glucose, lower glycated hemoglobin and relative kidney weights [129] , strengthen the angiogenic ability of ROS-exposed endothelial cells for preventive heart disease [123] , and accelerate the wound closure by promoting the migration and proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts [133] . Therefore, functional ingredients in barley grass and grains are essential for the health contribution of modern human (Homo sapiens), Neanderthals, and early hominids staple food to prevent and treat human chronic diseases. In particular, the healthy effects of functional components of barley grains and grass are the result of longterm continuous evolution of early hominids (fruits/vegetables and leaves rich in polyphenols, K-Ca, and vitamins), Neanderthals (mushrooms and nuts rich in polysaccharides, phytosterols, and linoleic acids), and Homo sapiens (grasses and seeds rich in GABA, enzymes, and resistant starch), which associate with modern humans originating in the progenitor of African Homo sapiens with cognitive hominin, especially after interbreeding between Homo sapiens and Neanderthals that took place in the Middle East. cache = ./cache/cord-354651-bxm9yxjm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354651-bxm9yxjm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349807-ar77cnsa author = Rouadi, Philip W. title = Immunopathological features of air pollution and its impact on inflammatory airway diseases (IAD) date = 2020-10-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8635 sentences = 467 flesch = 32 summary = 79 InIn-vivovivo studies in both human and animal models suggest pollutant exposure induces inflammatory changes in normal, chronically diseased and allergic nasal and sinonasal tissues ( Table 1 ). 160 Moreover, in vitro studies suggest air pollution may suppress innate and adaptive immunity and increases susceptibility to bacterial and viral respiratory infections in both human and animal clinical models, following short-or long-term exposure (see Table 2 ). 161 Also, in vitro Rrhinovirus (RV) 16 infectivity following nitrogen oxide and ozone exposure in human respiratory epithelial cells Loss of low-level DEP-exposed MDMf along their differentiation into macrophages likely due to dysfunctional (loss of mitochondrial membrane electrical potential and lysosomal function) and phenotypic (TLRmediated reduction in CD14 and CD11 surface marker expression) structural changes in MDMf of healthy exposed individuals. We reviewed evidence for the involvement of oxidative stress pathways and their nature in healthy individuals and patients with inflammatory airway diseases following exposure to a spectrum of important chemical, allergic and infectious air contaminants. cache = ./cache/cord-349807-ar77cnsa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349807-ar77cnsa.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355873-e5cd4o0q author = Shah, Bakht Ramin title = Effects of prebiotic dietary fibers and probiotics on human health: With special focus on recent advancement in their encapsulated formulations date = 2020-06-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2831 sentences = 138 flesch = 25 summary = title: Effects of prebiotic dietary fibers and probiotics on human health: With special focus on recent advancement in their encapsulated formulations BACKGROUND: Dietary fibers (DFs) are known as potential formulations in human health due to their beneficial effects in control of life-threatening chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes mellitus, obesity and cancer. Effect of probiotic supplementation on cognitive function and metabolic status in Alzheimer's disease: a randomized, double-blind and controlled trial The effect of probiotic and/or prebiotic on liver function tests in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a double blind randomized clinical trial Correction: The Potential Role of Probiotics or/and Prebiotic on Serum Lipid Profile and Insulin Resistance in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Double Blind Randomized Clinical Trial Effects of multistrain probiotic supplementation on glycemic and inflammatory indices in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a double-blind randomized clinical trial Effects of probiotics on gut microbiota in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial cache = ./cache/cord-355873-e5cd4o0q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355873-e5cd4o0q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354044-3ugc7odq author = Salazar-Gómez, Anuar title = The potential role of sesquiterpene lactones isolated from medicinal plants in the treatment of the metabolic syndrome – A review date = 2020-09-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9388 sentences = 520 flesch = 42 summary = Therefore, in order to provide relevant information regarding the potential benefits of SLns in preventing Abbreviations: ACE, angiotensin I-converting enzyme; AMPK, activated protein kinase; APOC3, apolipoprotein C3; AT, adipose tissue; CAT, catalase; COX-2, cyclooxygenase 2; CVD, cardiovascular disease; FFA, free fatty acids; FN, fibronectin; G6Pase, glucose-6-phosphatase; GK, glucokinase; GPx, glutathione peroxidase; GSH, reduced glutathione; HDL-C, high-density lipoproteins-cholesterol; IFN-g, interferon gamma; IL-1b, interleukin 1 beta; IL-6, interleukin 6; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; IR, insulin resistance; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinases; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinases; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; MetS, metabolic syndrome; NF-kB, nuclear factor kappa B; NO, nitric oxide; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SLns, sesquiterpene lactones; SOD, superoxide dismutase; STAT1, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1; STZ, streptozotocin; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; TBARS, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; TGF-b1, transforming growth factor beta; TLRs, Toll-like receptor; TNF-a, tumor necrosis factor alpha; VLDL, very-low-density lipoprotein and managing MetS, this review addresses plant-derived SLns that are potentially responsible for the positive effect in improving risk factors associated with MetS. cache = ./cache/cord-354044-3ugc7odq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354044-3ugc7odq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328814-s3963anw author = XU, Jing title = Exploration on the feasibility of moxibustion in prevention and treatment of COVID-19 from the perspective of modern medical mechanism date = 2020-06-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3454 sentences = 147 flesch = 45 summary = From the perspective of modern medical mechanism, during the prevention and treatment of novel coronaviral infection, moxibustion may be able to prevent and treat COVID-19 by improving the body's immunity so as to conquer virus, by anti-inflammation to alleviate the inflammatory response of COVID-19 and by improving lung function to inhibit pulmonary fibrosis. In the treatment with moxibustion and infrared irradiation for community-acquired pneumonia, the results of purulent sputum disappearance time, fever relief time, rale absorption time, inflammation absorption time in chest X-ray test, the time length of hospital stay and the changes in serum inflammatory indexes, as well as immune function indexes are all better than those in the control group with western medication, indicating a better therapeutic effect and the improvement of immune functions in the patients [21] . Discussion on the effect pathways of preventing and treating coronavirus disease 2019 by acupuncture and moxibustion from the regulation of immune inflammatory response cache = ./cache/cord-328814-s3963anw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328814-s3963anw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-356062-7q5n4t97 author = nan title = Cumulative pharmacological activity index volumes 1-30 date = 2005-12-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6346 sentences = 501 flesch = 44 summary = cache = ./cache/cord-356062-7q5n4t97.txt txt = ./txt/cord-356062-7q5n4t97.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355935-psnqrdo2 author = Paez, Antonio title = A Spatio‐Temporal Analysis of the Environmental Correlates of COVID‐19 Incidence in Spain date = 2020-06-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8984 sentences = 487 flesch = 54 summary = Use of spatial Seemingly Unrelated Regressions (SUR) allows us to model the incidence of reported cases of the disease per 100,000 population as an interregional contagion process, in addition to a function of temperature, humidity, and sunshine. We adopt a population health approach, and report results from a spatio-temporal model of the incidence of COVID-19 in the coterminous provinces in Spain, one of the countries hardest hit by the pandemic. Higher incidence is associated with higher GDP per capita and presence of mass transit systems in the province; in contrast, population density and percentage of older adults display negative associations with incidence of COVID-19. The coefficients of the spatially lagged variable are estimated for each time period ρ t and identify the intensity and the sign of the contagion effect. Fig. 3 includes three maps that display the spatial variation of our control variables, namely GDP per capita, percentage of older adults in province, population density, and presence of mass transit systems. cache = ./cache/cord-355935-psnqrdo2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355935-psnqrdo2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320591-re99v1qt author = Le, Thanh Ninh title = Bioactive Compounds and Bioactivities of Brassica oleracea L. var. Italica Sprouts and Microgreens: An Updated Overview from a Nutraceutical Perspective date = 2020-07-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8182 sentences = 395 flesch = 34 summary = Particularly, these studies mostly focused on the antioxidant and anticancer activities of broccoli sprouts and microgreens owing to the functions of glucosinolates and phenolic compounds (Tables 4 and 5 ). Particularly, these studies mostly focused on the antioxidant and anticancer activities of broccoli sprouts and microgreens owing to the functions of glucosinolates and phenolic compounds (Tables 4 and 5 ). In summary, previous studies showed that broccoli sprout extracts rich in vitamins, carotenoids, and phenolic compounds showed very high antioxidant activity in both in vitro and in vivo tests (Table 4) . Moreover, the previous studies have focused on several biological activities of broccoli seedlings, such as antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory, as well as the potentially beneficial effects for patients with cancers, diabetes, and obesity. cache = ./cache/cord-320591-re99v1qt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320591-re99v1qt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333672-ef53l283 author = Potter, Gregory D. M. title = The Future of Shift Work: Circadian Biology Meets Personalised Medicine and Behavioural Science date = 2020-08-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10136 sentences = 432 flesch = 42 summary = Because of this, understanding how to alter shift work and zeitgeber (time cue) schedules to enhance circadian system function is likely to be key to improving the health of shift workers. If one could estimate shift workers' circadian phases in real time and model how subsequent changes in zeitgeber schedules would influence their circadian systems, one could develop tools that use this information to expedite adaptation to shift schedule changes by providing personalised guidance and perhaps even individual-level changes in exposure to light. Among healthy young men undergoing simulated night shift work for 4 days, those who confined their consumption of calorie-containing foods and drinks (i.e., the caloric period) to between breakfast at 07:00 and dinner at 19:00 had superior postbreakfast glucose tolerance after the intervention compared to men who had dinner at 19:00, a meal at 01:30, and breakfast at 07:00 (50) . cache = ./cache/cord-333672-ef53l283.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333672-ef53l283.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327521-g5vefajw author = Spisni, Enzo title = Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Microbial-Modulating Activities of Essential Oils: Implications in Colonic Pathophysiology date = 2020-06-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9179 sentences = 411 flesch = 34 summary = In recent years, many studies have analyzed their antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and anticancer properties in vitro and on experimentally induced animal models of colitis and colorectal cancer. The recent discovery of the complexity of the human intestinal microbiota, composed of bacteria, fungi and viruses, and its intricate pathophysiological relationships with the immune system and the enteric nervous system, makes EOs truly interesting for their antimicrobial activities, often selective for the different microbial components. Recent studies have shown that geraniol administration reduced the intestinal inflammation induced by DSS [7] , but these anti-inflammatory effects could be also linked to its antioxidant activity, since its administration resulted in a decreased iNOS activity and a decreased lipid peroxidation, in a rat model of colitis [22] . Geraniol antibacterial activity seems to be linked to his property to destabilize bacterial cell wall and damage transmembrane efflux pumps, thus restoring drug-sensitivity in different bacterial antibiotic-resistant strains, such as Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii [29] . cache = ./cache/cord-327521-g5vefajw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327521-g5vefajw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333119-vu4qbcy1 author = Zhang, Xiao-rui title = The Important Role of Volatile Components From a Traditional Chinese Medicine Dayuan-Yin Against the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-09-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5854 sentences = 334 flesch = 40 summary = title: The Important Role of Volatile Components From a Traditional Chinese Medicine Dayuan-Yin Against the COVID-19 Pandemic Moreover, 1,8-cineole, the major constituent of the essential oil of Lanxangia tsao-ko (Crevost & Lemarie) M.F.Newman & Skornick., is commonly applied for treating inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract caused by viruses since it potentiates the antiviral effect of IRF3, in addition to its inhibitory effect on proinflammatory NF-kB signaling (Müller et al., 2016) . However, according to data collected by the National Health Commission of the people's Republic of China, clinical practice in Chinese hospitals have reported that traditional Chinese medicine has a definite therapeutic effect in the early stages of COVID-19 infection . The antiinflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial and immunomodulatory effects of these volatiles seem to play the most critical roles in treating patients infected with COVID-19. Study on the Mechanism of Aromatic Traditional Chinese Medicine Compound on Prevention and Treatment of New Coronavirus Pneumonia cache = ./cache/cord-333119-vu4qbcy1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333119-vu4qbcy1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354459-90bvoy08 author = Zhang, Fan title = Research on the Applications of Calcium Propionate in Dairy Cows: A Review date = 2020-08-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7284 sentences = 324 flesch = 37 summary = There are many important challenges in dairy production, including reducing the feed intake and metabolic diseases caused by a negative energy balance (NEB) [1] and milk fever [2] during the perinatal period and mycotoxin pollution [3] of feed induced by environmental and climatic conditions, which have negative effects on milk production and quality and pose a potential threat to human health. To update our knowledge on calcium propionate application for dairy cow performance and metabolism, we reviewed the effects of calcium propionate supplementation on decreasing feed mycotoxins, alleviating dairy cow NEB and milk fever, and promoting rumen development in dairy calves. During the perinatal period, calcium propionate is a good available energy source for preventing metabolic disorders in dairy cows, so it can be incorporated into the diet and increase the rumen concentration of propionate, which is the main precursor for glucose synthesis in the liver [27] . cache = ./cache/cord-354459-90bvoy08.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354459-90bvoy08.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337856-xaxxewb6 author = Trump, Cary E. title = Behavior Momentum Theory and Humans: A Review of the Literature date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6196 sentences = 300 flesch = 26 summary = (2016) evaluated the effect of different negative reinforcement schedules on the persistence of task completion exhibited by three participants who engaged in escape maintained problem behavior. After removing duplicates, the initial search provided 141 studies in which the author conducted additional reviews using the following three additional inclusion conditions: (4) included human participants across basic (conducted in laboratory settings to evaluate fundamental principles of behavior; Cooper, Heron, & Heward, 2007) , applied (evaluating socially significant behaviors; Cooper et al., 2007) , or translational (extending laboratory findings to clinical populations and problems; Lerman, 2003) ; studies (5) comparing two different conditions, such as rich versus lean schedules; and (6) evaluated the effect of a disruptor on behavior within the context of BMT. Overall, the review discovered 73% of the included experiments indicated problem behavior responses persisted greater in rich compared to lean schedules. cache = ./cache/cord-337856-xaxxewb6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337856-xaxxewb6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-022940-atbjwpo5 author = nan title = Poster Sessions date = 2016-09-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 241182 sentences = 12746 flesch = 47 summary = We have studied the effect of inhibition of IRE1 (inositol requiring enzyme 1), which is a central mediator of endoplasmic reticulum stress and controls cell proliferation and tumor growth, on hypoxic regulation of the expression of different proliferation related genes in U87 glioma cells. Transient inhibition of Akt and mTOR protein kinase activation in tumor cells followed by reactivation of signaling pathway did not result in a time-dependent difference on EGFR, HER2 and HER3 expression levels. In our study we aimed to determine cytotoxic effect of RES in K562 human CML cell line and to evaluate the expressions of miRNAs that are associated with genetics of leukemia after treatment with RES; to investigate target genes of miRNAs which show significant expression alterations and molecular mechanisms of RES treatment. cache = ./cache/cord-022940-atbjwpo5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-022940-atbjwpo5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257167-rz4r5sj7 author = nan title = Abstracts for the 29th Annual Meeting of the Japan Neuroscience Society (Neuroscience2006) date = 2006-12-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 240925 sentences = 13617 flesch = 47 summary = SY1-3-11-3 SAD: A novel kinase implicated in phosphoproteome at the presynaptic active zone Toshihisa Ohtsuka Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine/Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan SAD is a serine/threonine kianse, which has been shown to regulate various neuronal functions during development, including clustering synaptic vesicles, maturation of synapses, and axon/dendrite polarization: these have recently been revealed by genetic studies in C. The results suggest that EAAT4 plays a major role in regulating the concentration of CF transmitters, possibly glutamate, in the route of its extrasynaptic diffusion, and determining the degree of CF-induced inhibition of GABA release from BCs depending on the regional difference of EAAT4 expression in postsynaptic PCs. Chitoshi Takayama 1 , Yoshiro Inoue 1 1 Department of Molecular Neuroanatomy, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan GABA mediates inhibitory transmission in the adult central nervous system (CNS). cache = ./cache/cord-257167-rz4r5sj7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257167-rz4r5sj7.txt ===== Reducing email addresses cord-004584-bcw90f5b cord-015147-h0o0yqv8 cord-008777-i2reanan Creating transaction Updating adr table ===== Reducing keywords cord-000549-qwhaesfk cord-005080-r01ii1bu cord-006226-fn7zlutj cord-002005-35c6mak0 cord-006192-bqwchhwk cord-006082-x1kankxd cord-002643-y5et8pqg cord-006518-al94gxjw cord-007695-a578obgg cord-004948-ad3i9wgj cord-009385-mcfnhscj cord-006987-1hf8vyhz cord-009371-ub4p4ngr cord-006391-esnsa4u5 cord-009987-biop7gyd cord-009694-e59kuwf1 cord-010921-yzv43e8l cord-007798-9ht7cqhu cord-013138-4e9vo0xr cord-013176-6ckuya1w cord-009703-ampqjbqw cord-004584-bcw90f5b cord-013333-7jx4t0ol cord-013477-dzm4xi21 cord-009907-4jfr98wl cord-006636-xgikbdns cord-016460-39yniw0t cord-017148-o9qg2qta cord-016372-opojt70e cord-015910-d9gxew91 cord-017499-51yy7y9n cord-016742-y7jgjera cord-017041-0zxoq68m cord-016444-x2qozizw cord-018009-8j40876m cord-018095-for6qa1s cord-017907-997yo3ni cord-017504-rtg7fs82 cord-015147-h0o0yqv8 cord-017916-wh708hes cord-008777-i2reanan cord-019001-ralxw4ad cord-006229-7yoilsho cord-024111-7yrftdp4 cord-022658-mq91h15t cord-022903-08ugoxns cord-023509-tvqpv6fp cord-025170-dtbm4ue1 cord-024629-5q7abusm cord-006230-xta38e7j cord-030027-273pjajl cord-022889-lv6fy6e6 cord-022526-j9kg00qf cord-026490-9xg8v6h5 cord-023528-z9rc0ubj cord-030909-6if3qquj cord-032546-7786vr0y cord-033736-bsmqqi6j cord-033334-p7szd86k cord-026028-qj290zu6 cord-143246-f97v2cih cord-253000-nwbmxepi cord-102595-3lbrfsrh cord-260092-pmufsvg9 cord-256992-rwy0n01l cord-261150-cdo7y3ob cord-259744-r9j5yzfc cord-257514-gw9xnb4x cord-252855-xtsnlu1f cord-256881-7sejcqda cord-260413-elyn2fdh cord-193947-vcm3v0ix cord-256838-8rzibpbl cord-253251-i79h14f7 cord-267284-3uz0v29k cord-257197-i9bucuma cord-267345-pmtecdko cord-015021-pol2qm74 cord-269206-160ddfsc cord-268088-y4vg7frb cord-005814-ak5pq312 cord-272309-v72796pu cord-279586-likfvwwj cord-269943-g77qe5ml cord-270673-apr9oyqa cord-270337-92a5uwjf cord-279166-kt35mg7o cord-280605-2i4gk7et cord-271122-3fsl5589 cord-276006-mjjnkqv6 cord-272465-i2l4cq8h cord-287243-fm3587ww cord-282101-2usqpy2j cord-271785-vmnc8yg6 cord-286610-woqb1t06 cord-289599-7vsynfgn cord-291559-h6czy5bh cord-295335-oa4twg2z cord-299007-5m6lk409 cord-298265-elbnzgx6 cord-297597-tqc1usry cord-299424-qy3lccjq cord-293139-uj1m3t79 cord-299613-5ju5fcf4 cord-299547-9i8kv8p8 cord-295807-68sukdb1 cord-299363-y7o8ovf9 cord-301539-9acp0m33 cord-323467-ifwjvvjj cord-319646-6cex9gid cord-338778-l53i77rn cord-316992-fe5u2oi0 cord-316181-ccauw70y cord-310883-t5r4xqj3 cord-321590-8y1jy01c cord-331633-ix5un6c9 cord-308946-5flw7xk4 cord-322279-6ffnejwj cord-313971-czcs1y9w cord-327045-hn8pmcto cord-323647-q67fa0m3 cord-302398-gsg6akaz cord-317250-a5ni1s9e cord-320053-uceukiie cord-305240-r6i7d06v cord-339082-8gogju5n cord-320172-qw47pf9r cord-350973-rprrkr37 cord-341720-qwdjb7vk cord-339293-7ks3bopm cord-353815-w35spqqt cord-325779-pxnl4wgc cord-310663-504p29hv cord-343303-by0b3gy0 cord-348994-ly2fop7d cord-339475-okw6la2b cord-331270-12zx0o2p cord-348106-agwdmtug cord-340882-why0t9ld cord-344988-09vpehvf cord-335024-0klf75qr cord-345696-gwbi6nlt cord-344498-mwgccbfo cord-340101-n9zqc1gm cord-347644-4qenzjiu cord-351932-dn60t7qa cord-354651-bxm9yxjm cord-349807-ar77cnsa cord-355873-e5cd4o0q cord-328814-s3963anw cord-354044-3ugc7odq cord-356062-7q5n4t97 cord-355935-psnqrdo2 cord-320591-re99v1qt cord-333672-ef53l283 cord-327521-g5vefajw cord-333119-vu4qbcy1 cord-354459-90bvoy08 cord-337856-xaxxewb6 cord-257167-rz4r5sj7 cord-022940-atbjwpo5 Creating transaction Updating wrd table ===== Reducing urls cord-002005-35c6mak0 cord-004948-ad3i9wgj cord-013138-4e9vo0xr cord-007798-9ht7cqhu cord-009703-ampqjbqw cord-004584-bcw90f5b cord-013333-7jx4t0ol cord-008777-i2reanan cord-024111-7yrftdp4 cord-006229-7yoilsho cord-023509-tvqpv6fp cord-006230-xta38e7j cord-022889-lv6fy6e6 cord-033736-bsmqqi6j cord-102595-3lbrfsrh cord-260092-pmufsvg9 cord-259744-r9j5yzfc cord-256881-7sejcqda cord-270337-92a5uwjf cord-286610-woqb1t06 cord-289599-7vsynfgn cord-293139-uj1m3t79 cord-297597-tqc1usry cord-299613-5ju5fcf4 cord-301539-9acp0m33 cord-319646-6cex9gid cord-316992-fe5u2oi0 cord-321590-8y1jy01c cord-353815-w35spqqt cord-331270-12zx0o2p cord-348106-agwdmtug cord-347644-4qenzjiu cord-355935-psnqrdo2 cord-257167-rz4r5sj7 cord-022940-atbjwpo5 Creating transaction Updating url table ===== Reducing named entities cord-005080-r01ii1bu cord-000549-qwhaesfk cord-002005-35c6mak0 cord-006082-x1kankxd cord-006192-bqwchhwk cord-002643-y5et8pqg cord-006226-fn7zlutj cord-006518-al94gxjw cord-009385-mcfnhscj cord-007695-a578obgg cord-006987-1hf8vyhz cord-009371-ub4p4ngr cord-009987-biop7gyd cord-010921-yzv43e8l cord-013138-4e9vo0xr cord-009703-ampqjbqw cord-009694-e59kuwf1 cord-013176-6ckuya1w cord-006391-esnsa4u5 cord-007798-9ht7cqhu cord-013333-7jx4t0ol cord-013477-dzm4xi21 cord-009907-4jfr98wl cord-016460-39yniw0t cord-017148-o9qg2qta cord-016372-opojt70e cord-004948-ad3i9wgj cord-006636-xgikbdns cord-015910-d9gxew91 cord-016742-y7jgjera cord-017499-51yy7y9n cord-016444-x2qozizw cord-018009-8j40876m cord-017041-0zxoq68m cord-017907-997yo3ni cord-018095-for6qa1s cord-017916-wh708hes cord-019001-ralxw4ad cord-022658-mq91h15t cord-024111-7yrftdp4 cord-004584-bcw90f5b cord-025170-dtbm4ue1 cord-024629-5q7abusm cord-017504-rtg7fs82 cord-022903-08ugoxns cord-030027-273pjajl cord-026490-9xg8v6h5 cord-023509-tvqpv6fp cord-030909-6if3qquj cord-033334-p7szd86k cord-032546-7786vr0y cord-033736-bsmqqi6j cord-023528-z9rc0ubj cord-253000-nwbmxepi cord-143246-f97v2cih cord-102595-3lbrfsrh cord-260092-pmufsvg9 cord-015147-h0o0yqv8 cord-261150-cdo7y3ob cord-256992-rwy0n01l cord-259744-r9j5yzfc cord-257514-gw9xnb4x cord-252855-xtsnlu1f cord-256881-7sejcqda cord-260413-elyn2fdh cord-256838-8rzibpbl cord-193947-vcm3v0ix cord-022889-lv6fy6e6 cord-022526-j9kg00qf cord-267284-3uz0v29k cord-253251-i79h14f7 cord-257197-i9bucuma cord-267345-pmtecdko cord-008777-i2reanan cord-269206-160ddfsc cord-268088-y4vg7frb cord-272309-v72796pu cord-269943-g77qe5ml cord-006229-7yoilsho cord-270337-92a5uwjf cord-270673-apr9oyqa cord-279166-kt35mg7o cord-271122-3fsl5589 cord-279586-likfvwwj cord-276006-mjjnkqv6 cord-271785-vmnc8yg6 cord-006230-xta38e7j cord-280605-2i4gk7et cord-272465-i2l4cq8h cord-287243-fm3587ww cord-282101-2usqpy2j cord-026028-qj290zu6 cord-286610-woqb1t06 cord-291559-h6czy5bh cord-289599-7vsynfgn cord-295335-oa4twg2z cord-299007-5m6lk409 cord-297597-tqc1usry cord-298265-elbnzgx6 cord-293139-uj1m3t79 cord-299547-9i8kv8p8 cord-299424-qy3lccjq cord-295807-68sukdb1 cord-299363-y7o8ovf9 cord-323467-ifwjvvjj cord-301539-9acp0m33 cord-299613-5ju5fcf4 cord-319646-6cex9gid cord-316992-fe5u2oi0 cord-338778-l53i77rn cord-316181-ccauw70y cord-321590-8y1jy01c cord-331633-ix5un6c9 cord-005814-ak5pq312 cord-015021-pol2qm74 cord-310883-t5r4xqj3 cord-308946-5flw7xk4 cord-322279-6ffnejwj cord-323647-q67fa0m3 cord-313971-czcs1y9w cord-327045-hn8pmcto cord-302398-gsg6akaz cord-320053-uceukiie cord-317250-a5ni1s9e cord-305240-r6i7d06v cord-339082-8gogju5n cord-350973-rprrkr37 cord-320172-qw47pf9r cord-339293-7ks3bopm cord-353815-w35spqqt cord-341720-qwdjb7vk cord-325779-pxnl4wgc cord-310663-504p29hv cord-348994-ly2fop7d cord-343303-by0b3gy0 cord-331270-12zx0o2p cord-339475-okw6la2b cord-348106-agwdmtug cord-335024-0klf75qr cord-340882-why0t9ld cord-344988-09vpehvf cord-345696-gwbi6nlt cord-344498-mwgccbfo cord-340101-n9zqc1gm cord-351932-dn60t7qa cord-347644-4qenzjiu cord-354651-bxm9yxjm cord-349807-ar77cnsa cord-355873-e5cd4o0q cord-354044-3ugc7odq cord-328814-s3963anw cord-356062-7q5n4t97 cord-355935-psnqrdo2 cord-320591-re99v1qt cord-333672-ef53l283 cord-333119-vu4qbcy1 cord-327521-g5vefajw cord-354459-90bvoy08 cord-337856-xaxxewb6 cord-257167-rz4r5sj7 cord-022940-atbjwpo5 Creating transaction Updating ent table ===== Reducing parts of speech cord-005080-r01ii1bu cord-006192-bqwchhwk cord-002005-35c6mak0 cord-002643-y5et8pqg cord-000549-qwhaesfk cord-009385-mcfnhscj cord-006518-al94gxjw cord-006082-x1kankxd cord-006987-1hf8vyhz cord-013138-4e9vo0xr cord-009987-biop7gyd cord-010921-yzv43e8l cord-009703-ampqjbqw cord-013176-6ckuya1w cord-009371-ub4p4ngr cord-013477-dzm4xi21 cord-007695-a578obgg cord-013333-7jx4t0ol cord-016460-39yniw0t cord-009907-4jfr98wl cord-006226-fn7zlutj cord-024629-5q7abusm cord-015910-d9gxew91 cord-018009-8j40876m cord-007798-9ht7cqhu cord-017148-o9qg2qta cord-017916-wh708hes cord-019001-ralxw4ad cord-017907-997yo3ni cord-018095-for6qa1s cord-022658-mq91h15t cord-024111-7yrftdp4 cord-025170-dtbm4ue1 cord-026490-9xg8v6h5 cord-032546-7786vr0y cord-016742-y7jgjera cord-017041-0zxoq68m cord-033334-p7szd86k cord-143246-f97v2cih cord-030027-273pjajl cord-253000-nwbmxepi cord-256992-rwy0n01l cord-016372-opojt70e cord-259744-r9j5yzfc cord-257514-gw9xnb4x cord-009694-e59kuwf1 cord-006636-xgikbdns cord-033736-bsmqqi6j cord-102595-3lbrfsrh cord-022903-08ugoxns cord-261150-cdo7y3ob cord-017499-51yy7y9n cord-016444-x2qozizw cord-260413-elyn2fdh cord-252855-xtsnlu1f cord-256838-8rzibpbl cord-017504-rtg7fs82 cord-260092-pmufsvg9 cord-253251-i79h14f7 cord-267284-3uz0v29k cord-257197-i9bucuma cord-267345-pmtecdko cord-269206-160ddfsc cord-268088-y4vg7frb cord-272309-v72796pu cord-279586-likfvwwj cord-006391-esnsa4u5 cord-270673-apr9oyqa cord-270337-92a5uwjf cord-271122-3fsl5589 cord-279166-kt35mg7o cord-271785-vmnc8yg6 cord-276006-mjjnkqv6 cord-280605-2i4gk7et cord-269943-g77qe5ml cord-030909-6if3qquj cord-256881-7sejcqda cord-287243-fm3587ww cord-286610-woqb1t06 cord-023509-tvqpv6fp cord-272465-i2l4cq8h cord-291559-h6czy5bh cord-282101-2usqpy2j cord-289599-7vsynfgn cord-295335-oa4twg2z cord-298265-elbnzgx6 cord-293139-uj1m3t79 cord-297597-tqc1usry cord-299547-9i8kv8p8 cord-299424-qy3lccjq cord-004948-ad3i9wgj cord-193947-vcm3v0ix cord-299363-y7o8ovf9 cord-301539-9acp0m33 cord-299007-5m6lk409 cord-323467-ifwjvvjj cord-316992-fe5u2oi0 cord-338778-l53i77rn cord-316181-ccauw70y cord-299613-5ju5fcf4 cord-321590-8y1jy01c cord-331633-ix5un6c9 cord-310883-t5r4xqj3 cord-295807-68sukdb1 cord-308946-5flw7xk4 cord-322279-6ffnejwj cord-023528-z9rc0ubj cord-319646-6cex9gid cord-327045-hn8pmcto cord-323647-q67fa0m3 cord-302398-gsg6akaz cord-313971-czcs1y9w cord-305240-r6i7d06v cord-339082-8gogju5n cord-317250-a5ni1s9e cord-350973-rprrkr37 cord-341720-qwdjb7vk cord-353815-w35spqqt cord-339293-7ks3bopm cord-325779-pxnl4wgc cord-310663-504p29hv cord-348994-ly2fop7d cord-331270-12zx0o2p cord-339475-okw6la2b cord-348106-agwdmtug cord-335024-0klf75qr cord-344988-09vpehvf cord-340882-why0t9ld cord-345696-gwbi6nlt cord-344498-mwgccbfo cord-347644-4qenzjiu cord-355873-e5cd4o0q cord-328814-s3963anw cord-351932-dn60t7qa cord-356062-7q5n4t97 cord-340101-n9zqc1gm cord-349807-ar77cnsa cord-355935-psnqrdo2 cord-320053-uceukiie cord-320591-re99v1qt cord-354044-3ugc7odq cord-327521-g5vefajw cord-343303-by0b3gy0 cord-333119-vu4qbcy1 cord-337856-xaxxewb6 cord-015147-h0o0yqv8 cord-333672-ef53l283 cord-354651-bxm9yxjm cord-354459-90bvoy08 cord-004584-bcw90f5b cord-026028-qj290zu6 cord-022889-lv6fy6e6 cord-320172-qw47pf9r cord-022526-j9kg00qf cord-006230-xta38e7j cord-006229-7yoilsho cord-008777-i2reanan cord-015021-pol2qm74 cord-005814-ak5pq312 cord-257167-rz4r5sj7 cord-022940-atbjwpo5 Creating transaction Updating pos table Building ./etc/reader.txt cord-022940-atbjwpo5 cord-257167-rz4r5sj7 cord-006230-xta38e7j cord-022940-atbjwpo5 cord-257514-gw9xnb4x cord-006230-xta38e7j number of items: 161 sum of words: 3,410,248 average size in words: 21,314 average readability score: 42 nouns: cells; effects; patients; effect; cell; activity; study; treatment; results; protein; studies; levels; expression; blood; mice; disease; group; acid; response; role; system; rats; production; time; data; function; analysis; proteins; receptor; cancer; control; changes; model; activation; exposure; gene; level; development; type; use; plasma; growth; risk; brain; tissue; concentration; inhibition; concentrations; increase; days verbs: using; show; increased; induced; reduced; find; include; suggests; following; associated; compared; decreases; caused; based; producing; reported; investigated; inhibited; observed; resulting; determine; treat; affect; studied; indicating; related; provide; involve; led; develop; identify; dying; occur; demonstrated; contain; mediated; improve; measure; binding; activated; known; obtained; performed; considered; evaluated; required; gives; expressed; revealed; controlling adjectives: human; different; high; inflammatory; clinical; specific; significant; important; low; present; anti; immune; higher; acute; non; several; pulmonary; many; small; new; first; dependent; normal; intestinal; molecular; cardiac; various; chronic; large; potential; similar; respiratory; major; total; cellular; possible; lower; early; severe; positive; therapeutic; functional; long; metabolic; biological; oral; oxidative; effective; experimental; single adverbs: also; however; well; significantly; therefore; respectively; even; furthermore; often; moreover; recently; highly; especially; particularly; still; usually; directly; less; previously; mainly; generally; together; rather; commonly; finally; now; widely; currently; relatively; first; primarily; rapidly; specifically; alone; approximately; frequently; potentially; much; probably; additionally; prior; strongly; exclusively; similarly; indeed; thereby; yet; interestingly; hence; later pronouns: we; it; their; its; our; they; i; one; them; us; itself; he; his; themselves; you; her; she; your; my; me; him; ashcs; s; mg; em; himself; 3,5-diglucoside; und; thee; srnas; p-450; ourselves; ours; oneself; mrs; mrnas; itsn2; interleukin-10; imagej; erst; adrb1; 's; ␤; ∈; Þ; y€; ykl-40; ya; y-27632; y proper nouns: mg; der; Japan; University; kg; C; TNF; II; Authority; mit; S.; A; LPS; RNA; Department; bei; T; von; COVID-19; IL-6; Food; B; European; C.; miRNAs; Institute; L.; E.; L; und; Univ; Tokyo; BPA; eine; Safety; ICU; M; B.; MS; pH; einer; K; ROS; PCR; zu; nicht; den; Research; Ca; werden keywords: effect; cell; study; increase; activity; patient; result; covid-19; drug; acid; tnf; high; university; treatment; protein; level; il-6; human; disease; dna; ros; response; mouse; method; lps; institute; inflammatory; immune; group; expression; department; blood; rna; receptor; rat; pcr; food; exposure; dose; chinese; change; animal; sars; respiratory; research; production; pandemic; intestinal; germany; day one topic; one dimension: cells file(s): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3257684/ titles(s): Perspectives on Immunoglobulins in Colostrum and Milk three topics; one dimension: patients; may; effects file(s): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7164006/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7271219/, https://arxiv.org/pdf/2011.00373v1.pdf titles(s): Poster Sessions | Spezielle Arzneimitteltherapie in der Schwangerschaft | Causal Inference for Spatial Treatments five topics; three dimensions: patients effects cells; cells cell protein; may also one; japan neurons brain; der und die file(s): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32072297/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7134330/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7158198/, https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S016801020600085X, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7271219/ titles(s): Important roles of dietary taurine, creatine, carnosine, anserine and 4-hydroxyproline in human nutrition and health | ECB12: 12th European Congess on Biotechnology | Disorders of the Gastrointestinal System | Abstracts for the 29th Annual Meeting of the Japan Neuroscience Society (Neuroscience2006) | Spezielle Arzneimitteltherapie in der Schwangerschaft Type: cord title: keyword-effect-cord date: 2021-05-24 time: 23:40 username: emorgan patron: Eric Morgan email: emorgan@nd.edu input: keywords:effect ==== make-pages.sh htm files ==== make-pages.sh complex files ==== make-pages.sh named enities ==== making bibliographics id: cord-006987-1hf8vyhz author: Abass, Ahmed O title: Propolis supplementation attenuates the negative effects of oxidative stress induced by paraquat injection on productive performance and immune function in turkey poults date: 2017-10-05 words: 6779.0 sentences: 320.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-006987-1hf8vyhz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-006987-1hf8vyhz.txt summary: title: Propolis supplementation attenuates the negative effects of oxidative stress induced by paraquat injection on productive performance and immune function in turkey poults The current study was conducted to investigate the positive effects of dietary propolis (PR), as a potent naturally produced antioxidant, on growth performance and immune function of turkey poults exposed to oxidative stress induced by PQ injection. Thus, the current study was designed to investigate the effects of propolis supplementation on controlling the oxidative stress induced by paraquat injection to turkeys. In addition, growth performance of turkey birds was obtained under propolis supplementation in order to test whether it has the ability to reverse the negative effects of oxidative stress induced by paraquat. The current study also demonstrates that dietary propolis supplementation significantly increased plasma T 3 concentration in the PR+PQ group compared to PQ group which, consequently, alleviated the negative effect of paraquat injection on the growth performance of turkey poults. abstract: Paraquat (PQ) is used as a herbicide in agriculture and causes oxidative and inflammatory damage to animal tissues. The current study was conducted to investigate the positive effects of dietary propolis (PR), as a potent naturally produced antioxidant, on growth performance and immune function of turkey poults exposed to oxidative stress induced by PQ injection. Native male turkey poults (n = 120, 49-d-old) were randomly assigned into 4 groups: poults received a basal diet with a daily subcutaneous PQ injection of 5 mg/kg BW for 7 consecutive days (PQ group), an experimental diet containing 1 g/kg PR with a daily subcutaneous PQ injection for 7 days (PR+PQ group), or received the experimental PR diet with a daily subcutaneous injection of 0.5 mL sterile saline for 7 days (PR group); while the control poults received a basal diet with a daily subcutaneous saline injection for 7 consecutive days (C group). The productive performance in the PQ group showed a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in the weight gain (WG) and feed intake (FI), and impaired feed conversion ratio (FCR). Propolis supplementation in the PR+PQ group significantly ameliorated the PQ effects on WG and FCR. Turkey poults of the PQ and PR+PQ groups had a significant augmentation in the blood malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), and corticosterone levels, and in contrast, a significant reduction in the triiodothyronine (T(3)), when compared to the C group. While propolis significantly reduced the MDA and corticosterone, and increased the T(3) levels in the PR+PQ group compared to the PQ group. Furthermore, the dietary PR supplementation significantly limited the PQ-suppressive effects on cell- and humoral-mediated immunity and lymphocyte proliferation of turkey poults. In addition, propolis supplementation in the PR and PR+PQ groups markedly reversed the PQ-induced DNA fragmentation and heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) over-expression in blood cells. It can be concluded that PR could improve turkey immunity and performance, particularly under inflammation and oxidative stress induced by PQ exposure. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7107162/ doi: 10.3382/ps/pex248 id: cord-102595-3lbrfsrh author: Adam, Kirsten C.S. title: Steady-state visually evoked potentials and feature-based attention: Pre-registered null results and a focused review of methodological considerations date: 2020-10-13 words: 9075.0 sentences: 485.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-102595-3lbrfsrh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-102595-3lbrfsrh.txt summary: Feature-based attention is the ability to selectively attend to a particular feature (e.g., attend to red but not green items while looking for the ketchup bottle in your refrigerator), and steady-state visually evoked potentials (SSVEPs) measured from the human electroencephalogram (EEG) signal have been used to track the neural deployment of feature-based attention. To preview the results, we were unable to fully test our hypotheses about the time-144 course of feature-based enhancement and suppression because we did not find evidence 145 for an overall attention effect with our task procedures. Positive control analyses 148 revealed that our lack of SSVEP effect was not due to a complete lack of attention to the 149 attended color: ERP responses (P3) to the targets were modulated by attention as light of our inconclusive results, we also performed a focused methodological review of 152 key potential task differences between our work and prior work that may have resulted in 153 our failure to detect the effect of feature-based attention on SSVEP amplitude. abstract: Feature-based attention is the ability to selectively attend to a particular feature (e.g., attend to red but not green items while looking for the ketchup bottle in your refrigerator), and steady-state visually evoked potentials (SSVEPs) measured from the human electroencephalogram (EEG) signal have been used to track the neural deployment of feature-based attention. Although many published studies suggest that we can use trial-by-trial cues to enhance relevant feature information (i.e., greater SSVEP response to the cued color), there is ongoing debate about whether participants may likewise use trial-bytrial cues to voluntarily ignore a particular feature. Here, we report the results of a preregistered study in which participants either were cued to attend or to ignore a color. Counter to prior work, we found no attention-related modulation of the SSVEP response in either cue condition. However, positive control analyses revealed that participants paid some degree of attention to the cued color (i.e., we observed a greater P300 component to targets in the attended versus the unattended color). In light of these unexpected null results, we conducted a focused review of methodological considerations for studies of feature-based attention using SSVEPs. In the review, we quantify potentially important stimulus parameters that have been used in the past (e.g., stimulation frequency; trial counts) and we discuss the potential importance of these and other task factors (e.g., feature-based priming) for SSVEP studies. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.31.275602 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.31.275602 id: cord-350973-rprrkr37 author: Ahmad, Md Faruque title: An updated knowledge of Black seed (Nigella sativa Linn): Review of phytochemical constituents and pharmacological properties date: 2020-09-19 words: 6609.0 sentences: 389.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350973-rprrkr37.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350973-rprrkr37.txt summary: title: An updated knowledge of Black seed (Nigella sativa Linn): Review of phytochemical constituents and pharmacological properties Anti-inflammatory effects of the Nigella sativa seed extract, thymoquinone, in pancreatic cancer cells Effects of Nigella sativa oil on gastric secretion and ethanol induced ulcer in rats Black cumin (Nigella sativa) and its constituent (thymoquinone): a review on antimicrobial effects Effects of Nigella sativa oil extract on inflammatory cytokine response and oxidative stress status in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial Effects of black seed (Nigella sativa) on metabolic parameters in diabetes mellitus: A systematic review Anti-cancer properties and mechanisms of action of thymoquinone, the major active ingredient of Nigella sativa Anti-microbial effect of Nigella sativa seed extract against staphylococcal skin Infection Nigella Sativa and its active constituents thymoquinone shows pivotal role in the diseases prevention and treatment Protective effects of Nigella sativa against hypertension-induced oxidative stress and cardiovascular dysfunction in rats abstract: N. sativa (N. sativa) has been used since ancient times, when a scientific concept about the use of medicinal plants for the treatment of human illnesses and alleviation of their sufferings was yet to be developed. It has a strong religious significance as it is mentioned in the religious books of Islam and Christianity. In addition to its historical and religious significance, it is also mentioned in ancient medicine. It is widely used in traditional systems of medicine for a number of diseases including asthma, fever, bronchitis, cough, chest congestion, dizziness, paralysis, chronic headache, back pain and inflammation. The importance of this plant led the scientific community to carry out extensive phytochemical and biological investigations on N. sativa. Pharmacological studies on N. sativa have confirmed its antidiabetic, antitussive, anticancer, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, neuro-protective, gastroprotective, immunomodulator, analgesic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, spasmolytic, and bronchodilator activity. The present review is an effort to explore the reported chemical composition and pharmacological activity of this plant. It will help as a reference for scientists, researchers, and other health professionals who are working with this plant and who need up to date knowledge about it. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2210803320300750 doi: 10.1016/j.hermed.2020.100404 id: cord-009987-biop7gyd author: Ali, Muhammad title: Selected hepatoprotective herbal medicines: Evidence from ethnomedicinal applications, animal models, and possible mechanism of actions date: 2017-10-19 words: 7368.0 sentences: 422.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-009987-biop7gyd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-009987-biop7gyd.txt summary: & Thonn., Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge., Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge, Capparis spinosa (L.), Cichorium intybus (L.), Solanum nigrum (L.), Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn., Ginkgo biloba (L.), Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz, Vitex trifolia (L.), Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill., Cuscuta chinensis (Lam.), Lycium barbarum, Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels, and Litsea coreana (H. Herbal medicines are claimed to both treat and prevent diseases, which adds to a deep belief that these Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransaminase; ASP, Angelica sinensis polysaccharides; AST, aspartate transaminase; EGF, epidermal growth factor; HBV, Hepatitis B virus; LBPs, Lycium barbarum polysaccharides; WF4, Woodfordia fruticosa flower extract. abstract: Insight into the hepatoprotective effects of medicinally important plants is important, both for physicians and researchers. Main reasons for the use of herbal medicine include their lesser cost compared with conventional drugs, lesser undesirable drug reactions and thus high safety, and reduced side effects. The present review focuses on the composition, pharmacology, and results of experimental trials of selected medicinal plants: Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn., Glycyrrhiza glabra, Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn., Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge., Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge, Capparis spinosa (L.), Cichorium intybus (L.), Solanum nigrum (L.), Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn., Ginkgo biloba (L.), Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz, Vitex trifolia (L.), Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill., Cuscuta chinensis (Lam.), Lycium barbarum, Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels, and Litsea coreana (H. Lev.). The probable modes of action of these plants include immunomodulation, stimulation of hepatic DNA synthesis, simulation of superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase to inhibit oxidation in hepatocytes, reduction of intracellular reactive oxygen species by enhancing levels of antioxidants, suppression of ethanol‐induced lipid accumulation, inhibition of nucleic acid polymerases to downregulate viral mRNA transcription and translation, free radical scavenging and reduction of hepatic fibrosis by decreasing the levels of transforming growth factor beta‐1, and collagen synthesis in hepatic cells. However, further research is needed to identify, characterize, and standardize the active ingredients, useful compounds, and their preparations for the treatment of liver diseases. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7167792/ doi: 10.1002/ptr.5957 id: cord-299613-5ju5fcf4 author: Arthi, Vellore title: Disease, downturns, and wellbeing: Economic history and the long-run impacts of COVID-19 date: 2020-11-03 words: 17509.0 sentences: 810.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299613-5ju5fcf4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299613-5ju5fcf4.txt summary: In this paper, we review the evidence on the long-run effects on health, labor, and human capital of both historical pandemics (with a focus on the 1918 Influenza Pandemic) and historical recessions (with a focus on the Great Depression). Thus, a historical perspective allows us to use rich data to look at not only the short-term effects of crises like COVID-19 on health, labor, and human capital, but also the long-term and intergenerational impacts along these dimensions for both individuals and the wider economy. To examine how history can inform our view of the coronavirus pandemic and associated policy responses as they relate to long-run wellbeing, we begin in Section II by reviewing the features of COVID-19 that will determine its potential health and economic impacts, and placing these features in historical context. abstract: How might COVID-19 affect human capital and wellbeing in the long run? The COVID-19 pandemic has already imposed a heavy human cost—taken together, this public health crisis and its attendant economic downturn appear poised to dwarf the scope, scale, and disruptiveness of most modern pandemics. What evidence we do have about other modern pandemics is largely limited to short-run impacts. Consequently, recent experience can do little to help us anticipate and respond to COVID-19’s potential long-run impact on individuals over decades and even generations. History, however, offers a solution. Historical crises offer closer analogues to COVID-19 in each of its key dimensions—as a global pandemic, as a global recession—and offer the runway necessary to study the life-course and intergenerational outcomes. In this paper, we review the evidence on the long-run effects on health, labor, and human capital of both historical pandemics (with a focus on the 1918 Influenza Pandemic) and historical recessions (with a focus on the Great Depression). We conclude by discussing how past crises can inform our approach to COVID-19—helping tell us what to look for, what to prepare for, and what data we ought to collect now. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0014498320300838 doi: 10.1016/j.eeh.2020.101381 id: cord-299547-9i8kv8p8 author: Aucejo, Esteban M. title: The Impact of COVID-19 on Student Experiences and Expectations: Evidence from a Survey date: 2020-08-27 words: 5275.0 sentences: 239.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299547-9i8kv8p8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299547-9i8kv8p8.txt summary: Without COVID-19, lower-income students 15 The cutoff for median parental income in our sample is $80,000 16 Based on analysis of ASU administrative data including transcripts, we find that, relative to their counterparts, first-generation, lower-income, and non-white students drop out at higher rates, take longer to graduate, have lower GPAs at graduation, and are more likely to switch majors when in college (see Appendix Table A3) J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Second, Panel (d) of Figure 1 shows that the switch to online learning was substantially harder for some demographic groups; for example, men are 7 percentage points less likely to opt for an online version of a course as a result of COVID-19, while women do not have a statistically significant change in their online preferences. abstract: In order to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on higher education, we surveyed approximately 1,500 students at one of the largest public institutions in the United States using an instrument designed to recover the causal impact of the pandemic on students’ current and expected outcomes. Results show large negative effects across many dimensions. Due to COVID-19: 13% of students have delayed graduation, 40% have lost a job, internship, or job offer, and 29% expect to earn less at age 35. Moreover, these effects have been highly heterogeneous. One quarter of students increased their study time by more than 4 hours per week due to COVID-19, while another quarter decreased their study time by more than 5 hours per week. This heterogeneity often followed existing socioeconomic divides; lower-income students are 55% more likely than their higher-income peers to have delayed graduation due to COVID-19. Finally, we show that the economic and health related shocks induced by COVID-19 vary systematically by socioeconomic factors and constitute key mediators in explaining the large (and heterogeneous) effects of the pandemic. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047272720301353?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2020.104271 id: cord-009385-mcfnhscj author: BLECHA, FRANK title: Rationale for Using Immunopotentiators in Domestic Food Animals date: 2012-11-05 words: 3483.0 sentences: 217.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-009385-mcfnhscj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-009385-mcfnhscj.txt summary: Therefore, although fully immunocompetent at birth, domestic food animal newborns differ from other mammalian neonates in being im munologically "virgin" (Kim, 1975; Salmon, 1984) and the development of totally effective immune defenses requires 2 to 3 weeks. Because of the high incidence and economic impact of respiratory and intestinal infections in young domestic animals, it is important to review studies related to the postnatal development of the mucosaassociated immune system in the pig. Several examples of virus-related im munosuppression are well documented in domestic food animals (Table III) , including viral diseases of great economic importance such as infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (bovine herpesvirus type-1) and pseudorabies, which cause severe pneumonia and death in cattle and pigs, respectively. If immunomodulators can be used to augment immune function at critical periods during the production of food animals, such as the neonatal period, and prior to or during exposure to stressors or patho genic organisms, then the economic loss caused by infectious disease should be reduced. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7149658/ doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-039235-3.50007-1 id: cord-280605-2i4gk7et author: Bachmann, María Consuelo title: The Challenge by Multiple Environmental and Biological Factors Induce Inflammation in Aging: Their Role in the Promotion of Chronic Disease date: 2020-10-14 words: 11128.0 sentences: 559.0 pages: flesch: 32.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280605-2i4gk7et.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280605-2i4gk7et.txt summary: With increasing age, the dynamics and proportion of lymphocytes and myeloid cells differ depending on the sex due to the differential expression of 144 genes of the immune response in men and women (71) . Anti-inflammatory effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and their biologically active metabolites (D and E Resolvinsmediators derived from omega-3 fatty acids, primarily EPA and DHA that block the production of proinflammatory mediators and regulate leukocyte trafficking to inflammatory sites) can be mediated through one of the mechanisms capable of reducing inflammation of RAW-264.7 cells and of primary intraperitoneal macrophages (105) . Exposure to various alarm signals induce an acute inflammation that, when associated with deleterious environmental and biological factors, potentiates chronic inflammation, which can be further promoted by excess ROS production and oxidative stress that results from mitochondrial dysfunction or NOX2 activity, leading to inflammaging and eventually to age-related disease. abstract: The aging process is driven by multiple mechanisms that lead to changes in energy production, oxidative stress, homeostatic dysregulation and eventually to loss of functionality and increased disease susceptibility. Most aged individuals develop chronic low-grade inflammation, which is an important risk factor for morbidity, physical and cognitive impairment, frailty, and death. At any age, chronic inflammatory diseases are major causes of morbimortality, affecting up to 5–8% of the population of industrialized countries. Several environmental factors can play an important role for modifying the inflammatory state. Genetics accounts for only a small fraction of chronic-inflammatory diseases, whereas environmental factors appear to participate, either with a causative or a promotional role in 50% to 75% of patients. Several of those changes depend on epigenetic changes that will further modify the individual response to additional stimuli. The interaction between inflammation and the environment offers important insights on aging and health. These conditions, often depending on the individual’s sex, appear to lead to decreased longevity and physical and cognitive decline. In addition to biological factors, the environment is also involved in the generation of psychological and social context leading to stress. Poor psychological environments and other sources of stress also result in increased inflammation. However, the mechanisms underlying the role of environmental and psychosocial factors and nutrition on the regulation of inflammation, and how the response elicited for those factors interact among them, are poorly understood. Whereas certain deleterious environmental factors result in the generation of oxidative stress driven by an increased production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and inflammation, other factors, including nutrition (polyunsaturated fatty acids) and behavioral factors (exercise) confer protection against inflammation, oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, and thus ameliorate their deleterious effect. Here, we discuss processes and mechanisms of inflammation associated with environmental factors and behavior, their links to sex and gender, and their overall impact on aging. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33162985/ doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.570083 id: cord-033736-bsmqqi6j author: Bajraktari, Saranda title: Health-promoting and preventive interventions for community-dwelling older people published from inception to 2019: a scoping review to guide decision making in a Swedish municipality context date: 2020-10-14 words: 10534.0 sentences: 489.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-033736-bsmqqi6j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-033736-bsmqqi6j.txt summary: Eligible studies were: 1) interventions categorised as health promotion (HP) or primary prevention (PP) following the WHO''s definition [1, 2] and addressing behavioural risk factors, injury prevention, physical health, social and mental health, 2) including populations of community-living older people 65+ as of it being the lowest retirement age in the Nordic Countries, hence exclude the risk of missing relevant studies due to the age limitation, 3) implemented in a Nordic country (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden and Faroe Islands), 4) studies applying a randomized controlled trial design (RCT) for the evaluation of effects (research question six), 5) studies related to the identified RCTs addressing the remaining research question, e.g. experiences of participants, feasibility as well as studies on cost-effectiveness. Five studies had samples consisting only of female participants [32, Table 2 Detailed results concerning intervention content, effects on health outcomes, and feasibility aspects of included studies in the field of health-promoting and preventive interventions for community dwelling older people in the Nordic countries from inception to 2019 (Continued) abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the promising evidence of health-promoting and preventive interventions for maintaining health among older people, not all interventions can be implemented due to limited resources. Due to the variation of content in the interventions and the breadth of outcomes used to evaluate effects in such interventions, comparisons are difficult and the choice of which interventions to implement is challenging. Therefore, more information, beyond effects, is needed to guide decision-makers. The aim of this review was to investigate, to what degree factors important for decision-making have been reported in the existing health-promoting and preventive interventions literature for community-dwelling older people in the Nordic countries. METHODS: This review was guided by the PRISMA-ScR checklist (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews), the methodological steps for scoping reviews described in the Arksey and O′Malley’s framework, and the Medical Research Council’s (MRC) guidance on complex interventions. Eligible studies for inclusion were randomised controlled trials (RCTs) concerning health promotion or primary prevention for community-dwelling older people implemented in the Nordic countries. Additionally, all included RCTs were searched for related papers that were reporting on additional factors. Eligible studies were searched in seven databases: PubMed, SCOPUS, CINAHL, Academic Search Elite, PsycINFO, SocINDEX, and SPORTDiscus. RESULTS: Eighty-two studies met the inclusion criteria (twenty-seven unique studies and fifty-five related studies). Twelve studies focused on fall prevention, eleven had a health-promoting approach, and four studies focused on preventing disability. All interventions, besides one, reported positive effects on at least one health outcome. Three studies reported data on cost-effectiveness, three on experiences of participants and two conducted feasibility studies. Only one intervention, reported information on all seven factors. CONCLUSIONS: All identified studies on health-promoting and preventive interventions for older people evaluated in the Nordic countries report positive effects although the magnitude of effects and number of follow-ups differed substantially. Overall, there was a general lack of studies on feasibility, cost-effectiveness, and experiences of participants, thus, limiting the basis for decision making. Considering all reported factors, promising candidates to be recommended for implementation in a Nordic municipality context are ‘Senior meetings’, ‘preventive home visits’ and ‘exercise interventions’ on its own or combined with other components. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7556574/ doi: 10.1186/s13690-020-00480-5 id: cord-016742-y7jgjera author: Bauer, Maria title: Cardiovascular Anatomy and Pharmacology date: 2017-07-03 words: 23159.0 sentences: 1335.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-016742-y7jgjera.txt txt: ./txt/cord-016742-y7jgjera.txt summary: The binding of an agonist to the adrenergic receptor replaces guanosine diphosphate (GDP) by guanosine triphosphate (GTP), and causes the α-subunit of the G-protein to break free from the β-γ complex, and act as a primary messenger: in beta receptors, it stimulates adenylate cyclase and triggers cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production, which, as a second messenger in the process of signal transduction, activates its target kinases that phosphorylate regulator proteins and ultimately increases intracellular calcium levels. Their main anti-ischemic effects are due to their ability to reduce myocardial O 2 consumption by depressing contractility, decreasing heart rate and systemic afterload, and increasing O 2 supply by coronary and collateral vasodilation. Verapamil decreases the heart rate by depressing sinoatrial and AV-nodal activity (hence its utility in the treatment of supraventricular arrhythmias), lowers systemic blood pressure due to myocardial depression and peripheral vasodilation, and produces moderate coronary artery dilation (preferred in essential hypertension and vasospastic angina). abstract: This chapter reviews the cardiovascular anatomy, the effects of medications on the cardiovascular system, and current guidelines. Patients in the perioperative period often receive agents that affect hemodynamic variables such as heart rhythm and rate, blood pressure, or cardiac output. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7121118/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-62067-1_11 id: cord-323467-ifwjvvjj author: Beaver, Annabelle title: Invited review: A systematic review of the effects of early separation on dairy cow and calf health date: 2019-07-31 words: 10070.0 sentences: 493.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323467-ifwjvvjj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323467-ifwjvvjj.txt summary: A limiting factor in many of the cross-sectional studies presented in this review is the absence of a temporal relationship between Johne''s diagnosis and the impleListed for each study are country, breed of cattle, study design, groups compared (in reference to length of cow-calf contact), total number of calves sampled, the number of herds included (and groups within herds where applicable), the type of herd, the diagnostic(s) used, and the authors'' conclusion and direction of effect (with + signifying a beneficial effect of suckling or cow-calf contact, − signifying a negative effect, and = representing no difference. Official Johne''s disease control programs frequently describe the risks associated with allowing the calf to suckle and remain within the maternity area, or directly recommend immediate separation of cow and calf following parturition; such programs include the Three Step Calf Rearing Plan of Australia (Animal Health Australia, 2016), the Voluntary Bovine Johne''s Disease Control Program of the United States (USDA, 2010), and several regionspecific Canadian programs [such as the Atlantic Veterinary College (2015) Johne''s Disease Initiative, which deems calf nursing to be a risky practice, even within test-negative herds]. abstract: ABSTRACT Concern from the public is growing regarding early cow-calf separation, yet proponents of this practice maintain that artificial rearing is critical for cow and calf health. Early separation is assumed to reduce the risk of transfer of pathogens from dam to neonatal calf, but a wide range of health benefits associated with extended cow-calf contact has also been documented. The aim of this systematic review was to report and synthesize conclusions from the literature on dairy cow and calf health in conventional rearing versus cow-calf contact systems. Peer-reviewed, published manuscripts, written in English, directly comparing dairy cow or calf health in artificial versus suckling systems, were eligible for inclusion. We conducted 7 targeted searches using Web of Science to identify key literature on important health conditions. The resulting manuscripts underwent a 4-step appraisal process, and further manuscripts were sourced from reference lists. This process resulted in a final sample of 70 articles that addressed cow and calf health. Sufficient literature was available to assess mastitis in cows, and scours, cryptosporidiosis, Johne's disease, pneumonia, immunity, and mortality in calves. The results for cryptosporidiosis, pneumonia, immunity, and mortality were mixed, with some differences between studies likely attributable to flawed comparisons between cohorts. Overall, the articles addressing calf scours and mastitis pointed to beneficial or no effects of suckling. The studies addressing Johne's disease did not find cow-calf contact to be a significant risk factor. In conclusion, the scientific peer-reviewed literature on cow and calf health provides no consistent evidence in support of early separation. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0022030219304175 doi: 10.3168/jds.2018-15603 id: cord-026490-9xg8v6h5 author: Beikzadeh, Samira title: The Effects of Novel Thermal and Nonthermal Technologies on the Properties of Edible Food Packaging date: 2020-06-09 words: 7920.0 sentences: 431.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-026490-9xg8v6h5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-026490-9xg8v6h5.txt summary: With the increase in the request for coating and film quality, appropriate form, and high product safety and storage period, various technologies such as high hydrostatic pressure, irradiation, ultrasound, high-pressure homogenization, cold plasma, and microwave have been reviewed. Novel technologies such as microwave, high hydrostatic pressure, irradiation, cold plasma, ultrasound, and highpressure homogenization are applied with the purpose of quality improvement, thermal treatment, energy efficiency, preservation, texture and surface modification, analysis, and extraction to name a few [66, 97] . They dried chitosan films using two methods; microwave (full power, 10 min, 2450 MHz) and convention oven (35°C for 12 h) and reported that microwave increased UV-vis light barrier property of films, although had no significant effect on their thermal and structural characteristic. As a result, to improve the novel thermal and nonthermal effects on packaging, different parameters such as technology properties, types of edible film and coating, type of food matrix, and packaging storage condition must be considered. abstract: Edible packaging is influenced by factors such as formulation, production technology, and solvent and additive properties. With the increase in the request for coating and film quality, appropriate form, and high product safety and storage period, various technologies such as high hydrostatic pressure, irradiation, ultrasound, high-pressure homogenization, cold plasma, and microwave have been reviewed. The present study states definitions and mechanisms of novel technologies. The experimental condition, packaging matrix, and the results pertaining to the effects of these technologies on various types of edible packaging is also discussed. The most of the matrix used for packaging was whey protein, soy protein isolate, chitosan, and gelatin. The technologies conditions such as power, frequency, time, temperature, dose, pressure, and voltage can have a significant influence on the application of them in film and coating. Therefore, finding the optimum point for the features of the technologies is important because improper use of them reduces the properties of the edible packaging. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7280782/ doi: 10.1007/s12393-020-09227-y id: cord-016460-39yniw0t author: Ben-Chetrit, Eldad title: Colchicine date: 2018-07-31 words: 9575.0 sentences: 532.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-016460-39yniw0t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-016460-39yniw0t.txt summary: • Rat sarcoma homolog gene family, member A (Rho A) protein is a peptide which controls the action of GTPases thereby affects tubulin dynamics • Pyrin is a specific immune sensor (pattern recognition receptor-PRR) for bacterial modifications of Rho and GTPases • Activation of RhoA inhibits pyrin activity while inactivation of RhoA causes over activation of pyrin resulting in increased production of interleukin (IL)-1, thereby enhancing inflammation • Colchicine may activate RhoA by guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF)-H1, thereby suppressing pyrin activity and inflammation • Colchicine also disrupts microtubules structure reducing neutrophils membrane elasticity and relaxation, thereby preventing their extravasation from the blood vessels to the inflammatory site abstract: Colchicine is an alkaloid which was originally extracted from bulbs of a plant called Colchicum autumnale (meadow saffron). Its active pharmacological component was isolated in 1820 and in 1833 the active ingredient was purified and named colchicine. It consists of three hexameric rings termed A, B, and C. It was first recommended for the treatment of gout by Alexander of Tralles in the sixth century AD. Later it has been employed for suggested and approved indications including primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), alcohol induced hepatitis, psoriasis, Behçet disease, Sweet syndrome, scleroderma, sarcoidosis and amyloidosis. Perhaps the most effective results have been obtained in the prophylaxis of familial Mediterranean fever (FMF). Colchicine is absorbed in the jejunum and ileum and is trapped in the body tissues. It is metabolized in the liver and the intestine by cytochrome P (CYP) 450 3A4 and P-glycoprotein (PGY) 1. Colchicine is excreted mainly by the biliary system, intestines and the kidneys. It has a narrow therapeutic range, but with normal liver and kidney functions is relatively safe and can be used during pregnancy, nursing and in infants. The main mechanism of action of colchicine is probably through interaction with microtubules affecting leukocyte chemotaxis, thereby suppressing inflammation. The blood level of colchicine may be affected by concomitant drug administration and therefore, caution should be exercised when such medications are added. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7120738/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-98605-0_40 id: cord-005080-r01ii1bu author: Butler, Colin D. title: Human Health, Well-Being, and Global Ecological Scenarios date: 2005-02-22 words: 5041.0 sentences: 255.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-005080-r01ii1bu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-005080-r01ii1bu.txt summary: This article categorizes four kinds of adverse effects to human health caused by ecosystem change: direct, mediated, modulated, and systems failure. For example, O''Reilly and others (2003) concludes, in discussing the potential for further reduction in the ecosystem provisioning service of Lake Tanganyika, that ''''the human implications of such subtle, but progressive, environmental changes are potentially dire in this densely populated region of the world, where large lakes are essential natural resources for regional economies.'''' Ecosystem services as a significant element in state failure may be underrecognized due to our tendency to discount the future possibility of thresholds or emergence. We have explored how ecosystem services impact human health and have proposed that adverse ecological changes can interact and feedback with dysfunctional social responses, leading to the development of states that we have termed mediated and systems failure. abstract: This article categorizes four kinds of adverse effects to human health caused by ecosystem change: direct, mediated, modulated, and systems failure. The effects are categorized on their scale, complexity, and lag-time. Some but not all of these can be classified as resulting from reduced ecosystem services. The articles also explores the impacts that different socioeconomic–ecologic scenarios are likely to have on human health and how changes to human health may, in turn, influence the unfolding of four different plausible future scenarios. We provide examples to show that our categorization is a useful taxonomy for understanding the complex relationships between ecosystems and human well-being and for predicting how future ecosystem changes may affect human health. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7088287/ doi: 10.1007/s10021-004-0076-0 id: cord-340101-n9zqc1gm author: Bzdok, Danilo title: The Neurobiology of Social Distance date: 2020-06-03 words: 9246.0 sentences: 490.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340101-n9zqc1gm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340101-n9zqc1gm.txt summary: These authors conducted a follow-up analysis of 70 studies of longevity in older people, which followed ~3.5 million people over an average of ~7 years [16] : social isolation, living alone and feeling lonely increased the chances of dying by about 30%, even after accounting for age, sex and health status. There is now a wealth of evidence from long-term field studies of wild baboons that socially wellconnected females experience less harassment by other monkeys [7, 23] , have lower levels of cortisol stress hormones [25, 26] , faster wound healing [27] , produce more offspring and live longer [28] [29] [30] [31] . The perspective of brain network integration in loneliness was investigated in a seminal neuroimaging study of intrinsic functional connectivity in ~1,000 humans [124] . In humans, a longitudinal neuroimaging study indeed showed that social support from the mother promotes volume growth trajectories in the hippocampus, and predicts socioemotional development and emotion regulation in early adolescence [141] . abstract: Abstract Never before have we experienced social isolation on such a massive scale as we have in response to COVID-19. Yet we know that the social environment has a dramatic impact on our sense of life satisfaction and well-being. In times of distress, crisis, or disaster, human resilience depends on the richness and strength of social connections, as well as active engagement in groups and communities. Over recent years, evidence emerging from various disciplines has made it abundantly clear: loneliness may be the most potent threat to survival and longevity. Here, we highlight the benefits of social bonds, choreographies of bond creation and maintenance, as well as the neurocognitive basis of social isolation and its deep consequences for mental and physical health. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1364661320301406 doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2020.05.016 id: cord-006518-al94gxjw author: Calder, Philip C. title: n−3 Fatty acids, inflammation, and immunity— Relevance to postsurgical and critically III patients date: 2004 words: 10029.0 sentences: 518.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-006518-al94gxjw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-006518-al94gxjw.txt summary: More recent studies showed that EPA did not induce TNF-α, IL-1β, or IL-1α (68) or IL-6 (69) in osteoblasts, and even countered the upregulating effect of arachidonic acid (68) ; that EPA and DHA could totally abolish cytokine-induced up-regulation of TNF-α, IL-1α, and IL-1β in cultured bovine chondrocytes and in human osteoarthritic cartilage explants (93, 94) ; and that EPA or fish oil inhibited endotoxin-induced TNF-α production by monocytes (111) (112) (113) (114) . Animal feeding studies with fish oil support the observations made in cell culture with respect to the effects of long-chain n-3 FA on NFκB activation and inflammatory cytokine production. Several studies in humans involving supplementation of the diet with fish oil have demonstrated decreased production of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 by endotoxin-stimulated monocytes or mononuclear cells (a mixture of lymphocytes and monocytes) (80) (81) (82) 119) . abstract: Excessive or inappropriate inflammation and immunosuppression are components of the response to surgery, trauma, injury, and infection in some individuals and these can lead, progressively, to sepsis and septic shock. The hyperinflammation is characterized by the production of inflammatory cytokines, arachidonic acid-derived eicosanoids, and other inflammatory mediators, while the immunosuppression is characterized by impairment of antigen presentation and of T helper cell type-1 responses. Long-chain n−3 FA from fish oil decrease the production of inflammatory cytokines and eicosanoids. They act both directly (by replacing arachidonic acid as an eicosanoid substrate and by inhibiting arachidonic acid metabolism) and indirectly (by altering the expression of inflammatory genes through effects on transcription factor activation). Thus, long-chain n−3 FA are potentially useful anti-inflammatory agents and may be of benefit in patients at risk of developing sepsis. As such, an emerging application of n−3 FA is in surgical or critically ill patients where they may be added to parenteral or enteral formulas. Parenteral or enteral nutrition including n−3 FA appears to preserve immune function better than standard formulas and appears to partly prevent some aspects of the inflammatory response. Studies to date are suggestive of clinical benefits from these approaches, especially in postsurgical patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7101959/ doi: 10.1007/s11745-004-1342-z id: cord-018009-8j40876m author: Campbell, Duncan J. John title: ACE Inhibition in Heart Failure and Ischaemic Heart Disease date: 2007 words: 11614.0 sentences: 566.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-018009-8j40876m.txt txt: ./txt/cord-018009-8j40876m.txt summary: Angiotensin converting enzyme (dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase I, kininase II, EC 3.4.15.1, ACE) plays a major role in the metabolism of many different peptides, including angiotensin (Ang) I, bradykinin, kallidin, and N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyllysyl-proline (AcSDKP). Pooled analysis of the HOPE, EUROPA, and PEACE trials showed ACE inhibition reduced all cause and cardiovascular mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, and coronary artery bypass surgery, leading to the recommendation that ACE inhibitors be considered in all patients with atherosclerosis (Dagenais et al 2006) . ACE inhibitor therapy did not increase either bradykinin or kallidin peptide levels in cardiac atria of patients with ischaemic heart disease, despite the reduction in Ang II levels . Bradykinin contributes to the systemic hemodynamic effects of chronic angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in patients with heart failure Interaction between neutral endopeptidase and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition in rats with myocardial infarction: effects on cardiac hypertrophy and angiotensin and bradykinin peptide levels Bradykinin contributes to the vasodilator effects of chronic angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in patients with heart failure abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7122740/ doi: 10.1007/978-1-4020-6372-5_2 id: cord-007695-a578obgg author: Canning, B.J. title: Sensory Nerves and Airway Irritability date: 2009-05-11 words: 15399.0 sentences: 840.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-007695-a578obgg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-007695-a578obgg.txt summary: Moreover, perhaps secondary to the end organ effects associated with C-fiber activation (mucus secretion, vascular engorgement, airway smooth muscle contraction, altered respiratory pattern, and cough), other afferent nerve subtypes, especially intrapulmonary RARs, can be activated by capsaicin challenge (Mohammed et al. Stimuli known to activate airway and lung C-fibers include capsaicin and other TRPV1 receptor ligands, acid, cationic proteins, bradykinin, thrombin, and other protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) agonists, adenosine, 5-HT 3 receptor agonists, nicotine, ATP, prostanoids, and isoprostanes, and a variety of environmental irritants including acrolein, toluene diisocyanate, and ozone Lee and Pisarri 2001; Undem et al. Activation of intrapulmonary stretch receptors (SARs) by lung Fig. 5 Reflex-evoked, airway parasympathetic nerve-dependent regulation of airway smooth muscle tone in guinea pigs in situ. In rats and in guinea pigs, bronchopulmonary C-fiber activation can also initiate an axon reflex, characterized by the peripheral release of neuropeptides that produce a variety of end-organ effects within the airways and lungs, including bronchospasm, mucus secretion, vascular engorgement, inflammatory cell recruitment, and plasma extravasation (Barnes 1986 (Barnes , 2001 Canning et al. abstract: The lung, like many other organs, is innervated by a variety of sensory nerves and by nerves of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems that regulate the function of cells within the respiratory tract. Activation of sensory nerves by both mechanical and chemical stimuli elicits a number of defensive reflexes, including cough, altered breathing pattern, and altered autonomic drive, which are important for normal lung homeostasis. However, diseases that afflict the lung are associated with altered reflexes, resulting in a variety of symptoms, including increased cough, dyspnea, airways obstruction, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. This review summarizes the current knowledge concerning the physiological role of different sensory nerve subtypes that innervate the lung, the factors which lead to their activation, and pharmacological approaches that have been used to interrogate the function of these nerves. This information may potentially facilitate the identification of novel drug targets for the treatment of respiratory disorders such as cough, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7120605/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-79090-7_5 id: cord-340882-why0t9ld author: Carneiro, Lara title: The Effects of Exclusively Resistance Training-Based Supervised Programs in People with Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials date: 2020-09-15 words: 8036.0 sentences: 401.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340882-why0t9ld.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340882-why0t9ld.txt summary: title: The Effects of Exclusively Resistance Training-Based Supervised Programs in People with Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Specifically, evidence-based recommendations for the prescription of exercise for patients with major depressive disorders (MDDs) propose interventions of 2-3 sessions of supervised aerobic and/or aerobic and resistance training exercise of 45-60 min duration with moderate intensity per week [7] , although it has been suggested that the volume of training may be more relevant than frequency [16] . [26] , the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression-HAM-D-by Hamilton [27] , the Geriatric Depression Scale-GDS-of Yesavage [28] ), but without other major disease (e.g., Parkinson''s, Alzheimer''s, cancer, dementia); (ii) Only supervised exclusively resistance training-based interventions were considered, with minimal warm-up activities outside the scope of the main exercise mode; Comparators were control groups not performing any training protocol and/or supervised contrast groups also performing an alternative exercise program (i.e., yoga, stretching, aerobic exercise); Outcomes were any effects on performance, health and quality of life; Study design was limited to randomized controlled trials (RCTs). abstract: The purpose of this study was to systematically review the effects of supervised resistance training (RT) programs in people diagnosed with depression or depressive symptoms. The following databases were used to search and retrieve the articles: Cochrane Library, EBSCO, PEDro, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. The search was conducted in late June 2020. Search protocol required the title to contain the words depression or depressive or dysthymia. Furthermore, the title, abstract or keywords had to contain the words or expressions: “randomized controlled trial”; and “strength training” or “resistance training” or “resisted training” or “weight training”. The screening provided 136 results. After the removal of duplicates, 70 records remained. Further screening of titles and abstracts resulted in the elimination of 57 papers. Therefore, 13 records were eligible for further scrutiny. Of the 13 records, nine were excluded, and the final sample consisted of four articles. Results were highly heterogeneous, with half of the studies showing positive effects of resistance training and half showing no effects. In two of the four combinations, the meta-analysis revealed significant benefits of RT in improving depressive symptoms (p ≤ 0.05). However, considering significant differences with moderate (Effect Size = 0.62) and small (ES = 0.53) effects, the heterogeneity was above 50%, thus suggesting a substantial level. To draw meaningful conclusions, future well-designed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are needed that focus on understudied RT as a treatment for depression. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32942633/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17186715 id: cord-344498-mwgccbfo author: Casado-Aranda, Luis-Alberto title: Analysis of the Scientific Production of the Effect of COVID-19 on the Environment: A Bibliometric Study date: 2020-11-03 words: 5776.0 sentences: 332.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344498-mwgccbfo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344498-mwgccbfo.txt summary: These publications can be broken down into six main themes: (i) a sharp reduction in air pollution and an improvement of the level of water pollution; (ii) the relationship of wind speed (positive), ultraviolet radiation (positive) and humidity (negative) with the rate of infections; (iii) the effect of the pandemic on the food supply chain and waste habits; (iv) wastewater monitoring offers a great potential as an early warning sign of COVID-19 transmission; (v) artificial intelligence and smart devices can be of great use in monitoring citizen mobilization; and (vi) the lessons gleaned from the pandemic that help define actions to mitigate climate change. The intention of the current study is to offer a first straightforward report on the evolution of publications combining the effect of COVID-19 on the environment since the outset of the pandemic, as well as to identify the main lines of research that are surging as a result of the crisis and establish a research agenda for environmental scholars. abstract: The fight against COVID-19 since January 2020 has become the top priority of more than 200 countries. In order to offer solutions to eradicate this global pandemic, the scientific community has published hundreds of articles covering a wide range of areas of knowledge. With the aim of synthesizing these publications, academics are resorting to bibliometric analyses from the perspectives of the disciplines such as biology, medicine, socioeconomics and tourism. Yet no bibliometric analysis has explored the diffuse and little-known growth of COVID-19 scientific publications in the field of environmental studies. The current study is the first of this type to fill this research gap. It has resorted to SciMAT software to evaluate the main topics, authors and journals of publications on the subject of COVID-19 combined with environmental studies spanning the period between 1 December 2019 and 6 September 2020. The search yielded a collection of 440 articles published in scientific journals indexed on by Web of Science and Scopus databases. These publications can be broken down into six main themes: (i) a sharp reduction in air pollution and an improvement of the level of water pollution; (ii) the relationship of wind speed (positive), ultraviolet radiation (positive) and humidity (negative) with the rate of infections; (iii) the effect of the pandemic on the food supply chain and waste habits; (iv) wastewater monitoring offers a great potential as an early warning sign of COVID-19 transmission; (v) artificial intelligence and smart devices can be of great use in monitoring citizen mobilization; and (vi) the lessons gleaned from the pandemic that help define actions to mitigate climate change. The results of the current study therefore offer an agenda for future research and constitute a starting point for academics in the field of environmental studies to evaluate the effects of COVID-19. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S001393512031313X doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110416 id: cord-269206-160ddfsc author: Ceylan, Rahmiye Figen title: Historical evidence for economic effects of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-04 words: 4555.0 sentences: 268.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269206-160ddfsc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269206-160ddfsc.txt summary: Yet, the contagious diseases having global effects had forgotten long time ago even if there appeared some recent encounters in the past 20 The differentiating features of COVID-19 or SARS-COV2 from the recent encounters are its geographical dispersion in terms of contagion and its causalities. In an earlier attempt to comment on prospective COVID-19 effects, Barro and his friends estimated growth of national income and consumption expenditures of 42 countries between 1901 and 1929 on human capital loss due to the WWI. Due to changing labour market composition and economic conditions during and after the influenza, both productivity and overall income had declined and savings and investment potential were affected negatively. Confirming previous research on SARS, Lionello [26] indicated that rising social fear and reduction in social contact resulted in reduced supplies and reduced labour demand specifically in the services sector between 20 and 70%. Especially, shrinking services and industries facing lower labour supplies and reducing demand are expected to downsize all economic structures. abstract: Like wars and socio-politic shifts, contagious diseases have changed the economics and politics of the world throughout history. In 2020, the world faced COVID-19, a globally effective virus leading to mass losses and socio-economic panic. Due to apparent psycho-social conditions, analyzing the potential economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic was inevitable. Thus, discussing economic effects of previous global and regional epidemics is considered beneficial. This research evaluated most of the known epidemics and their effects on economics and socio-politics by reviewing scientific literature. In addition to the vast literature and observations on the ongoing process, we assessed the potential impacts of COVID-19 and potential ways to overcome these impacts. The most urgent socio-economic measures needed to combat the negative effects of a contagious disease are related to unemployment with its income effects and security of all sectors. To prevent persistent unemployment, service, retail, and even industrial sectors need to be supported. Additionally, we discussed the need for re-organizing the funding and managerial sustainability of healthcare services to be prepared for future. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32500243/ doi: 10.1007/s10198-020-01206-8 id: cord-009703-ampqjbqw author: Chacón‐Labella, Julia title: Plant domestication disrupts biodiversity effects across major crop types date: 2019-07-03 words: 6478.0 sentences: 333.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-009703-ampqjbqw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-009703-ampqjbqw.txt summary: We tested whether domestication has changed the potential of crop mixtures to over‐yield by comparing the performance and traits of major crop species and those of their wild progenitors under varying levels of diversity. wild progenitors and across diversity levels We compared the performance of wild and domesticated plant species mixtures using mixed effects models with residual maximum likelihood estimation. For this purpose, we used the mean relative differences for a given trait in mixture pots as a response variable, using the same mixed model as the one employed for explaining the biodiversity effects (NE, CE and SE) in crops vs. The effects of species richness (P = 0.051) and functional group richness (P = 0.021) on SE were positive in both mixtures of crops and wild progenitors (Fig. 2f , g; Table 2 ). Although wild progenitors showed higher net biodiversity effects than crops, we show that both domestication statuses over-yielded in mixtures. abstract: Plant diversity fosters productivity in natural ecosystems. Biodiversity effects might increase agricultural yields at no cost in additional inputs. However, the effects of diversity on crop assemblages are inconsistent, probably because crops and wild plants differ in a range of traits relevant to plant–plant interactions. We tested whether domestication has changed the potential of crop mixtures to over‐yield by comparing the performance and traits of major crop species and those of their wild progenitors under varying levels of diversity. We found stronger biodiversity effects in mixtures of wild progenitors, due to larger selection effects. Variation in selection effects was partly explained by within‐mixture differences in leaf size. Our results indicate that domestication might disrupt the ability of crops to benefit from diverse neighbourhoods via reduced trait variance. These results highlight potential limitations of current crop mixtures to over‐yield and the potential of breeding to re‐establish variance and increase mixture performance. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7163516/ doi: 10.1111/ele.13336 id: cord-018095-for6qa1s author: Chandrappa, Ramesha title: Major Issues of Air Pollution date: 2015-08-22 words: 12587.0 sentences: 707.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-018095-for6qa1s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-018095-for6qa1s.txt summary: Issues like atmospheric brown cloud, climate change, hazardous air pollutants, black/muddy snow which are hardly discussed few decades back have now gaining importance. Air pollutant can affect plant physiological or biochemical processes resulting in significant loss of growth/yield as well as changes in nutritional quality (Ashmore and Marshall 1999) . The change in land use has also affected the production and transport of natural air pollutants like dust, pollen grains, spores, virus and bacteria. Health forests across the world is being affected by Air pollutants due to increasing tropospheric ozone concentrations, raise atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, as well as acidic precipitation. Crop failure can occur due to-(a) impact of air pollutants on crop''s health, (2) climate change, (3) UV ray penetration due to damage to ozone layer. Surface level Ozone is a secondary air pollutant created in the atmosphere from the oxidation of NO x under bright sunlight as well as volatile organic. abstract: Environmental issues change from place to place and time to time. The issues include local as well as global issues. The understanding of issues is necessary to find solution. Air pollution issues have changed over a period of time. Issues like atmospheric brown cloud, climate change, hazardous air pollutants, black/muddy snow which are hardly discussed few decades back have now gaining importance. This chapter elaborates major issues due to air pollution. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7122886/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-21596-9_1 id: cord-286610-woqb1t06 author: Choukér, Alexander title: COVID-19—The largest isolation study in history: the value of shared learnings from spaceflight analogs date: 2020-10-22 words: 5591.0 sentences: 238.0 pages: flesch: 30.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286610-woqb1t06.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286610-woqb1t06.txt summary: Life science research for space exploration has a long history in using high-fidelity spaceflight analogs to better understand the effect of prolonged isolation and confinement on genes, molecules, cells, neural circuits, and physiological systems to behavior. Space agencies and their human research programs have a long history of seeking to understand the effects of isolation and confinement on astronaut health and performance. Here, we summarize the opportunities of spaceflight analogs to accelerate (1) the understanding of the neurobehavioral and immunological consequences of social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic, and (2) the development of innovative and efficient treatment strategies to mitigate adverse behavioral conditions. For instance, the NASA sponsored project "Hybrid Training -A Sensory Stimulation Countermeasure for Long Duration Space Exploration Missions" combines physical exercise with an interactive virtual environment to enhance sensory augmentation and stimulate brain plasticity during prolonged isolation and confinement 64 . abstract: The world is currently experiencing the largest isolation experiment in history. In an attempt to slow down the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic numerous countries across the world have been shutting down economies, education, and public life. Governments have mandated strict regulations of quarantine and social distancing in an unprecedented manner. The effects of these measures on brain, behavior, neuro-humoral and immunological responses in humans are largely unknown. Life science research for space exploration has a long history in using high-fidelity spaceflight analogs to better understand the effect of prolonged isolation and confinement on genes, molecules, cells, neural circuits, and physiological systems to behavior. We here propose to leverage the extensive experience and data from these studies and build a bridge between spaceflight research and clinical settings to foster transdisciplinary approaches to characterize the neurobehavioral effects on the immune system and vice versa. These approaches are expected to develop innovative and efficient health screening tools, diagnostic systems, and treatments to mitigate health risks associated with isolation and confinement on Earth and during future exploratory spaceflight missions. url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41526-020-00122-8 doi: 10.1038/s41526-020-00122-8 id: cord-023509-tvqpv6fp author: Corrin, Bryan title: Occupational, environmental and iatrogenic lung disease date: 2011-03-02 words: 42576.0 sentences: 2457.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-023509-tvqpv6fp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-023509-tvqpv6fp.txt summary: As a general rule, exposure to silica dust extends over many years, often 20 or more, before the symptoms of silicosis first appear: by the time the disease becomes overt clinically, much irreparable damage has been inflicted on the lungs. Confusingly, the term ''acute silicosis'' has since been applied to a further effect of heavy dust exposure in tunnellers, sand blasters and silica flour workers, namely pulmonary alveolar lipoproteinosis (see below), 71, 72 whilst the terms ''accelerated silicosis'' or ''cellular phase silicosis'' have been substituted for ''acute silicosis'' in referring to the rapid development of early cellular lesions. Asbestosis is defined as diffuse interstitial fibrosis of the lung caused by exposure to asbestos dust. The finely divided fume of several metals is highly toxic to the lungs and capable of producing severe acute and chronic damage to both the conductive airways and the alveoli, resulting in acute tracheobronchitis and bronchiolitis, diffuse alveolar damage, obliterative bronchiolitis and pulmonary fibrosis. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7170212/ doi: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-3369-8.00007-0 id: cord-269943-g77qe5ml author: Di Sotto, Antonella title: Plant-Derived Nutraceuticals and Immune System Modulation: An Evidence-Based Overview date: 2020-08-22 words: 13939.0 sentences: 685.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269943-g77qe5ml.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269943-g77qe5ml.txt summary: In the present review, up to date knowledge on the scientific basis for the immunomodulatory activity and clinical relevance of some emerging classes of plant-derived nutraceuticals, including polysaccharides, fatty acids and labdane diterpenes, has been reported. The following searching keywords and their combinations through the Boolean logical operators were used: "herbal immunomodulators", "phytochemicals", "immune system", "nutraceuticals", "medicinal plants", "immunomodulation", "immune system boosters", "immunosuppressors", "immunoadjuvants", "gut microbiome", "natural occurrence", "chemical features", "preclinical studies", "clinical trials", "polysaccharides", "echinacea", "astragalus", "β-glucan", "fatty acids", "PUFA", "oleic acid", "punicic acid", "γ-linolenic acid", "linoleic acid", "evening primrose oil", "borage oil", "flaxseed oils", "labdane diterpenes" and "andrographolide". Moreover, inulin, pectin, arabinoxylan and β-glucan have been found to elevate IL-10/IL-12 ratio and to reduce the release of IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, macrophage inflammatory proteins The immunomodulatory effects of plant polysaccharides on macrophages are mainly achieved through the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and NOS), and the stimulation of cytokines secretion, cell proliferation, and macrophage phagocytic activity [101] . abstract: Immunomodulators are agents able to affect the immune system, by boosting the immune defences to improve the body reaction against infectious or exogenous injuries, or suppressing the abnormal immune response occurring in immune disorders. Moreover, immunoadjuvants can support immune system acting on nonimmune targets, thus improving the immune response. The modulation of inflammatory pathways and microbiome can also contribute to control the immune function. Some plant-based nutraceuticals have been studied as possible immunomodulating agents due to their multiple and pleiotropic effects. Being usually more tolerable than pharmacological treatments, their adjuvant contribution is approached as a desirable nutraceutical strategy. In the present review, the up to date knowledge about the immunomodulating properties of polysaccharides, fatty acids and labdane diterpenes have been analyzed, in order to give scientific basic and clinical evidence to support their practical use. Since promising evidence in preclinical studies, limited and sometimes confusing results have been highlighted in clinical trials, likely due to low methodological quality and lacking standardization. More investigations of high quality and specificity are required to describe in depth the usefulness of these plant-derived nutraceuticals in the immune system modulation, for health promoting and disease preventing purposes. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8030468 doi: 10.3390/vaccines8030468 id: cord-016372-opojt70e author: DiMarco, Ross F. title: Postoperative Care of the Cardiac Surgical Patient date: 2010 words: 26961.0 sentences: 1673.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-016372-opojt70e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-016372-opojt70e.txt summary: Ninety percent of all postoperative open-heart patients demonstrate a transient low cardiac output (LCO) related to the release of oxygen free radicals in response to the induced inflammatory state of cardiopulmonary bypass, or from ischemic/reperfusion injury as a result of cardioplegic arrest. Doses greater than 2 mcg/ min (>0.03 mcg/kg/min) produce effects that cause vasoconstriction with an increased SVR potentially decreasing cardiac output further as well as increasing myocardial oxygen demand. 88, 89 The indications for IABP counterpulsation are perioperative ischemia, mechanical complications of myocardial infarction (such as acute mitral regurgitation, ventricular septal defect, and cardiogenic shock), postoperative low cardiac output states not responsive to moderate doses of inotropic agents, and for the acute deterioration of myocardial function to provide temporary support or a bridge to transplantation. Inotropic effect of triiodothyronine in low cardiac output following cardioplegic arrest and cardiopulmonary bypass: an initial experience in patients undergoing open-heart surgery abstract: The subspecialty of interventional cardiology began in 1977. Since then, the discipline of interventional cardiology has matured rapidly, particularly with regards to ischemic heart disease. As a result, more patients are undergoing percutaneous catheter interventional therapy for ischemic heart disease and fewer patients are undergoing surgical myocardial revascularization. Those patients referred for surgical revascularization are generally older and have more complex problems. Furthermore, as the population ages more patients are referred to surgery for valvular heart disease. The result of these changes is a population of surgical patients older and sicker than previously treated. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7120630/ doi: 10.1007/978-0-387-77893-8_47 id: cord-305240-r6i7d06v author: Dimitrova-Shumkovska, Jasmina title: Potential Beneficial Actions of Fucoidan in Brain and Liver Injury, Disease, and Intoxication—Potential Implication of Sirtuins date: 2020-05-05 words: 13365.0 sentences: 606.0 pages: flesch: 30.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305240-r6i7d06v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305240-r6i7d06v.txt summary: Fucoidan reduces inflammatory response in brain diseases by inhibiting microglial activation, thus resulting in significantly decreased neuronal and astrocyte degeneration due to diminishing production of pro-apoptotic agents and improving antioxidant responses of the cell. Newer reports about the molecular pathways involved in fucoidan neuroprotective effects on dopaminergic nerve precursor cells (MN9D) treated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridine (MPP + ) suggest its involvement in increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration and decreasing the apoptosis levels by downregulation of Bax expression [13] . Newer reports about the molecular pathways involved in fucoidan neuroprotective effects on dopaminergic nerve precursor cells (MN9D) treated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridine (MPP + ) suggest its involvement in increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration and decreasing the apoptosis levels by downregulation of Bax expression [13] . abstract: Increased interest in natural antioxidants has brought to light the fucoidans (sulfated polysaccharides present in brown marine algae) as highly valued nutrients as well as effective and safe therapeutics against several diseases. Based on their satisfactory in vitro antioxidant potency, researchers have identified this molecule as an efficient remedy for neuropathological as well as metabolic disorders. Some of this therapeutic activity is accomplished by upregulation of cytoprotective molecular pathways capable of restoring the enzymatic antioxidant activity and normal mitochondrial functions. Sirtuin-3 has been discovered as a key player for achieving the neuroprotective role of fucoidan by managing these pathways, whose ultimate goal is retrieving the entirety of the antioxidant response and preventing apoptosis of neurons, thereby averting neurodegeneration and brain injuries. Another pathway whereby fucoidan exerts neuroprotective capabilities is by interactions with P-selectin on endothelial cells, thereby preventing macrophages from entering the brain proper. Furthermore, beneficial influences of fucoidan have been established in hepatocytes after xenobiotic induced liver injury by decreasing transaminase leakage and autophagy as well as obtaining optimal levels of intracellular fiber, which ultimately prevents fibrosis. The hepatoprotective role of this marine polysaccharide also includes a sirtuin, namely sirtuin-1 overexpression, which alleviates obesity and insulin resistance through suppression of hyperglycemia, reducing inflammation and stimulation of enzymatic antioxidant response. While fucoidan is very effective in animal models for brain injury and neuronal degeneration, in general, it is accepted that fucoidan shows somewhat limited potency in liver. Thus far, it has been used in large doses for treatment of acute liver injuries. Thus, it appears that further optimization of fucoidan derivatives may establish enhanced versatility for treatments of various disorders, in addition to brain injury and disease. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32380741/ doi: 10.3390/md18050242 id: cord-002643-y5et8pqg author: Dong, Xiaoxv title: Cassiae semen: A review of its phytochemistry and pharmacology date: 2017-06-29 words: 6152.0 sentences: 326.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-002643-y5et8pqg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-002643-y5et8pqg.txt summary: The crude extracts and pure compounds of Cassiae semen have been used as effective agents in preclinical and clinical practice due to their beneficial activities, including antihyperlipidemic, antidiabetic, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, antibacterial, antioxidant and hypotensive activities. A total of three naphthopyrone glucosides (compounds 49, 52 and 55) isolated from the butanol-soluble extract of Cassia semen have been evaluated for their inhibitory activity on advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation in vitro. In addition, rubrofusarin-6-O-βd-gentiobioside (compound 49) and cassiaside (compound 52) significantly inhibited the expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-1 and extracellular matrix protein in glomerular mesangial cells cultured under diabetic conditions, suggesting that the active compounds in Cassiae semen may be effective in the treatment of renal complications associated with diabetes (16) . In addition, Zhu (77) reported that the water extract of Cassia semen exhibited protective activity against STZ-induced renal fibrosis in diabetic rats. abstract: Cassiae semen (Leguminosae), a well-known traditional Chinese medicine, has been used for a number of centuries in areas of Southeast Asia, including Korea, Japan and China. The present review aims to provide updated and comprehensive information, on the botany, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Cassiae semen. The available information on Cassiae semen was collected using several different resources, including classic books on Chinese herbal medicine and a number of scientific databases, including the China Academic Journals full-text database, PubMed, SciFinder, the Web of Science and Science Direct. To date >70 chemical compounds have been isolated from Cassiae semen, and the major components have been determined to be anthraquinones, naphthopyrones and volatile oil. The crude extracts and pure compounds of Cassiae semen have been used as effective agents in preclinical and clinical practice due to their beneficial activities, including antihyperlipidemic, antidiabetic, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, antibacterial, antioxidant and hypotensive activities. With the body of reported data, it has been suggested that Cassiae semen has convincing medicinal potential. However, the pharmacological mechanisms of the main bioactive compounds and the association between structure and activity require further investigation. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5547955/ doi: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6880 id: cord-252855-xtsnlu1f author: Drago-Serrano, Maria Elisa title: Lactoferrin: Balancing Ups and Downs of Inflammation Due to Microbial Infections date: 2017-03-01 words: 12045.0 sentences: 481.0 pages: flesch: 30.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252855-xtsnlu1f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252855-xtsnlu1f.txt summary: In this review, we highlight recent findings in in vitro and in vivo models of the gut, lung, oral cavity, mammary gland, and liver infections that provide experimental evidence supporting the therapeutic role of human and bovine Lf in promoting some parameters of inflammation and protecting against the deleterious effects of bacterial, viral, fungal and protozoan-associated inflammation. However, this is not always the case because studies on intestinal epithelial-barrier function and mucosal inflammation carried out in a Caco-2 cells model and macrophages activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) showed that both Lf forms effectively inhibited the pro-inflammatory response. In a mice model of hepatitis induced by intraperitoneal co-administration of LPS and zymosan, orally administered bLf decreased the serum aspartate aminotransferase activity (a marker of liver inflammation), and increased in the small intestine the production of IL-11, an anti-inflammatory cytokine with a role in the amelioration of inflammatory response [153, 164] . abstract: Lactoferrin (Lf) is a glycoprotein of the primary innate immune-defense system of mammals present in milk and other mucosal secretions. This protein of the transferrin family has broad antimicrobial properties by depriving pathogens from iron, or disrupting their plasma membranes through its highly cationic charge. Noteworthy, Lf also exhibits immunomodulatory activities performing up- and down-regulation of innate and adaptive immune cells, contributing to the homeostasis in mucosal surfaces exposed to myriad of microbial agents, such as the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. Although the inflammatory process is essential for the control of invasive infectious agents, the development of an exacerbated or chronic inflammation results in tissue damage with life-threatening consequences. In this review, we highlight recent findings in in vitro and in vivo models of the gut, lung, oral cavity, mammary gland, and liver infections that provide experimental evidence supporting the therapeutic role of human and bovine Lf in promoting some parameters of inflammation and protecting against the deleterious effects of bacterial, viral, fungal and protozoan-associated inflammation. Thus, this new knowledge of Lf immunomodulation paves the way to more effective design of treatments that include native or synthetic Lf derivatives, which may be useful to reduce immune-mediated tissue damage in infectious diseases. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28257033/ doi: 10.3390/ijms18030501 id: cord-022889-lv6fy6e6 author: Dávalos, Alberto title: Literature review of baseline information on non‐coding RNA (ncRNA) to support the risk assessment of ncRNA‐based genetically modified plants for food and feed date: 2019-08-07 words: 96011.0 sentences: 5041.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-022889-lv6fy6e6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-022889-lv6fy6e6.txt summary: This report suggests that some plant ncRNAs (e.g miRNAs and siRNAs) show higher stability as compared to other ncRNAs due to peculiar chemical characteristics (2''‐O‐methylation at 3'' end).However, ingested or administered ncRNA must overcome many extracellular and cellular barriers to reach the intended target tissue or functional location in sufficient amount to exert any biological effect. Finally, the publications reporting the outcome of two EFSA procurements aiming respectively at investigating and summarising the state of knowledge on the mode-of-action of dsRNA and miRNA pathways, the potential for non-target gene regulation by dsRNA-derived siRNAs or miRNAs, the determination of siRNA pools in plant tissues and the importance of individual siRNAs for silencing 6 ; and reviewing relevant scientific information on RNA interference that could serve as baseline information for the environmental risk assessment of RNAi-based GM plants ) 7 were also used. abstract: This report is the outcome of an EFSA procurement (NP/EFSA/GMO/2016/01) reviewing relevant scientific information on ncRNA and on RNA interference(RNAi) that could support the food and feed risk assessment of ncRNA‐based genetically modified (GM) plants. Information was retrieved through key words and key questions covering the stability and degradation of ncRNAs after oral ingestion, the passage of ncRNAs from food and feed to human and animal organs and tissues via the gastrointestinal tract and other barriers, as well as the potential effects on the gastrointestinal tract, the immune system or the entire organism.Full description of the strategy used for the literature search and for studies selectionis provided and the number of retrieved publications is reported. This report is divided into four partsdiscussing the kinetics of exogenous ncRNAs in humans and animals, with focus on ingested ncRNAs (Part 1); the possible effects of ncRNAs on the gastrointestinal tract (Part 2), systemically(Part 3)and on the immune system (Part 4). This report suggests that some plant ncRNAs (e.g miRNAs and siRNAs) show higher stability as compared to other ncRNAs due to peculiar chemical characteristics (2’‐O‐methylation at 3’ end).However, ingested or administered ncRNA must overcome many extracellular and cellular barriers to reach the intended target tissue or functional location in sufficient amount to exert any biological effect. Literature data indicate that chemically unmodified and unformulated ncRNAs exhibit very low stability in the gastrointestinal tract and in biological fluids and, in general, do not elicit major biological effects.This report also provides an overview of the RNA content in plant‐derived foods and diets and discusses the controversies on the presence of dietary exogenous RNAs in the biological fluids of humans and animals and their effects. Finally, gaps in the scientific literature are highlighted and recommendations provided url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7163523/ doi: 10.2903/sp.efsa.2019.en-1688 id: cord-256838-8rzibpbl author: Eng, Yi Shin title: Unraveling the Molecular Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine: Formulas Against Acute Airway Viral Infections as Examples date: 2019-09-27 words: 9233.0 sentences: 505.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256838-8rzibpbl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256838-8rzibpbl.txt summary: There are still issues regarding the conflicting pharmacologic effects, pharmacokinetics, drug interactions, adverse and clinical effects of herbal medicine and TCM. Several factors may affect the molecular mechanisms and subsequent clinical effects of TCM formulas, including individual gene-based response, composition and amount of active molecules in TCM formulas, complex interactions, and appropriateness of use of TCM formulas. From the viewpoint of pathophysiology, TCM formulas used to manage airway viral infections need to have antiviral activity against such viruses listed above, and/or to induce antiviral cytokines, and/or anti-inflammatory effect, and/or to relieve symptoms commonly presented in airway infections ( Figure 1 ). To simplify the molecular mechanisms and to correlate the pharmacologic activities with their clinical effects, five formulas of A-physicians will be used as examples against airway infections: Several health benefits of herbal medicine and TCM are claimed; for example, herbs and TCM formulas, including those discussed above, are believed to have anti-oxidative activities helpful against several diseases. abstract: Herbal medicine, including traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is widely used worldwide. Herbs and TCM formulas contain numerous active molecules. Basically, they are a kind of cocktail therapy. Herb-drug, herb-food, herb-herb, herb-microbiome, and herb-disease interactions are complex. There is potential for both benefit and harm, so only after understanding more of their mechanisms and clinical effects can herbal medicine and TCM be helpful to users. Many pharmacologic studies have been performed to unravel the molecular mechanisms; however, basic and clinical studies of good validity are still not enough to translate experimental results into clinical understanding and to provide tough evidence for better use of herbal medicines. There are still issues regarding the conflicting pharmacologic effects, pharmacokinetics, drug interactions, adverse and clinical effects of herbal medicine and TCM. Understanding study validation, pharmacologic effects, drug interactions, indications and clinical effects, adverse effects and limitations, can all help clinicians in providing adequate suggestions to patients. At present, it would be better to use herbs and TCM formulas according to their traditional indications matching the disease pathophysiology and their molecular mechanisms. To unravel the molecular mechanisms and understand the benefits and harms of herbal medicine and TCM, there is still much work to be done. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24193505 doi: 10.3390/molecules24193505 id: cord-348994-ly2fop7d author: Faustini, Annunziata title: Attributable Risk to Assess the Health Impact of Air Pollution: Advances, Controversies, State of the Art and Future Needs date: 2020-06-23 words: 8162.0 sentences: 356.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348994-ly2fop7d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348994-ly2fop7d.txt summary: It also summarizes the ongoing discussion about the designs and methods for assessing the air pollution impact with particular attention to improvements due to spatio-temporal analysis and other new approaches, such as studying short term effects in cohorts, and the still discussed methods of predicting the values of attributable risk (AR). The most important problems with these studies were recognized by the researchers themselves, i.e., (1) not having studied other factors potentially responsible for the effects, including air pollutants other than particulate matter (PM), (2) not having individual measurements of exposure, which could prefigure exposure measurement errors, (3) having measured mortality that was premature only by a few days, which is an effect of limited public-health impact, (4) having used different methods to study this association in different cities. abstract: Despite the increased attention given to the health impact assessment of air pollution and to the strategies to control it in both scientific literature and concrete interventions, the results of the implementations, especially those involving traffic, have not always been satisfactory and there is still disagreement about the most appropriate interventions and the methods to assess their effectiveness. This state-of-the-art article reviews the recent interpretation of the concepts that concern the impact assessment, and compares old and new measurements of attributable risk and attributable fraction. It also summarizes the ongoing discussion about the designs and methods for assessing the air pollution impact with particular attention to improvements due to spatio-temporal analysis and other new approaches, such as studying short term effects in cohorts, and the still discussed methods of predicting the values of attributable risk (AR). Finally, the study presents the more recent analytic perspectives and the methods for directly assessing the effects of not yet implemented interventions on air quality and health, in accordance with the suggestion in the strategic plan 2020−2025 from the Health Effect Institute. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124512 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17124512 id: cord-013477-dzm4xi21 author: Filardi, Tiziana title: Curcumin: Could This Compound Be Useful in Pregnancy and Pregnancy-Related Complications? date: 2020-10-17 words: 7269.0 sentences: 339.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-013477-dzm4xi21.txt txt: ./txt/cord-013477-dzm4xi21.txt summary: The reported anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitoxicant, neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, antiapoptotic, antiangiogenic, anti-hypertensive, and antidiabetic properties of curcumin appear to be encouraging, not only for the management of pregnancy-related disorders, including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), preeclampsia (PE), depression, preterm birth, and fetal growth disorders but also to contrast damage induced by natural and chemical toxic agents. Results showed that 100 mg/kg curcumin significantly reduced blood glucose and insulin levels, increased hepatic glycogen content, and improved oxidative stress by reducing thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and increasing glutathione (GSH) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities in the liver of diabetic pregnant mice at gestational day 20. The authors evaluated the possible mechanisms responsible for these effects and found that curcumin-induced apoptosis was associated with the modulation of pro-and anti-apoptotic molecules (i.e., increased Bax and reduced Bcl-2 expression), ROS generation, and caspase-3 activation [66] . abstract: Curcumin, the main polyphenol contained in turmeric root (Curcuma longa), has played a significant role in medicine for centuries. The growing interest in plant-derived substances has led to increased consumption of them also in pregnancy. The pleiotropic and multi-targeting actions of curcumin have made it very attractive as a health-promoting compound. In spite of the beneficial effects observed in various chronic diseases in humans, limited and fragmentary information is currently available about curcumin’s effects on pregnancy and pregnancy-related complications. It is known that immune-metabolic alterations occurring during pregnancy have consequences on both maternal and fetal tissues, leading to short- and long-term complications. The reported anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitoxicant, neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, antiapoptotic, antiangiogenic, anti-hypertensive, and antidiabetic properties of curcumin appear to be encouraging, not only for the management of pregnancy-related disorders, including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), preeclampsia (PE), depression, preterm birth, and fetal growth disorders but also to contrast damage induced by natural and chemical toxic agents. The current review summarizes the latest data, mostly obtained from animal models and in vitro studies, on the impact of curcumin on the molecular mechanisms involved in pregnancy pathophysiology, with the aim to shed light on the possible beneficial and/or adverse effects of curcumin on pregnancy outcomes. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7603145/ doi: 10.3390/nu12103179 id: cord-017499-51yy7y9n author: Freye, Enno title: Mechanism of Action of Opioids and Clinical Effects date: 2008 words: 24955.0 sentences: 1278.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-017499-51yy7y9n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-017499-51yy7y9n.txt summary: Thus, -selective opioids like morphine, fentanyl and sufentanil, due to the high density of binding sites, mediate their main action within the brain stem and the midbrain. This sterospecificity of opiate action supports the concept of selective receptor binding to a site, which is able to distinguish in "handedness or goodness of fit" of an opioid molecule maximal response induced by administration of the active agent. On the other hand mixed agonist/antagonists, such as pentazocine, nalorphine, levallorphan, nalbuphine and butorphanol, demonstrate characteristics, which enable them to displace a pure agonist at the receptor site (antagonistic effect), but at the same time when administered by themselves, they induce opioid related effects such as analgesia and respiratory depression (agonistic effects; Table II-7) . However, a less potent opioid like codeine or tramadol, even when given in dosages higher than their therapeutic margin, will not induce a clinically relevant respiratory depressive effect ( Figure II-34) . abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7122075/ doi: 10.1007/978-1-4020-5947-6_2 id: cord-261150-cdo7y3ob author: Fthenakis, G. C. title: Interactions between parasitic infections and reproductive efficiency in sheep date: 2015-02-28 words: 8112.0 sentences: 392.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261150-cdo7y3ob.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261150-cdo7y3ob.txt summary: Abstract This review article summarises the many reports in the literature, confirming that, in sheep, parasitic infections can adversely affect reproductive efficiency; examples, which refer to all parts of the reproductive cycle of sheep, are as follows: trichostrongylosis in ewe-lambs (which can lead to delayed attainment of puberty), myiosis of the prepuce (which can cause impediment of mating), chorioptic mange or trypanosomosis in rams (which can lead to testicular degeneration or azoospermia, respectively), trypanosomosis or sarcoptic mange in pre-conceptual ewes (which can lead to poor conception rates or reduced number of ovulations, respectively), toxoplasmosis or neosporosis in pregnant ewes (which are causes of abortion), trichostrongylosis or trematode infections in lactating ewes (which can cause reduction of milk yield and can be a risk factor for mastitis, respectively), cryptosporidiosis in newborn lambs (which can be a cause of deaths), coccidiosis in growing pre-weaned lambs (which can cause suboptimal growth rate). abstract: Abstract This review article summarises the many reports in the literature, confirming that, in sheep, parasitic infections can adversely affect reproductive efficiency; examples, which refer to all parts of the reproductive cycle of sheep, are as follows: trichostrongylosis in ewe-lambs (which can lead to delayed attainment of puberty), myiosis of the prepuce (which can cause impediment of mating), chorioptic mange or trypanosomosis in rams (which can lead to testicular degeneration or azoospermia, respectively), trypanosomosis or sarcoptic mange in pre-conceptual ewes (which can lead to poor conception rates or reduced number of ovulations, respectively), toxoplasmosis or neosporosis in pregnant ewes (which are causes of abortion), trichostrongylosis or trematode infections in lactating ewes (which can cause reduction of milk yield and can be a risk factor for mastitis, respectively), cryptosporidiosis in newborn lambs (which can be a cause of deaths), coccidiosis in growing pre-weaned lambs (which can cause suboptimal growth rate). In other cases, the reproductive status of the animal can influence the parasitic infection; examples are as follows: the increase in faecal parasitic output during the peri-parturient period (as a consequence of the peri-parturient relaxation of immunity), the heavier trichostrongylid infections of twin lambs compared to lambs from single parities (as a consequence of developmental origin issues in twin lambs). All the above examples support the idea of presence of interactions between parasitic infections and reproductive efficiency in sheep. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25577675/ doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.12.017 id: cord-310663-504p29hv author: Gambardella, Jessica title: Arginine and Endothelial Function date: 2020-08-06 words: 7191.0 sentences: 373.0 pages: flesch: 26.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310663-504p29hv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310663-504p29hv.txt summary: In the clinical scenario, the oral administration of arginine acutely improves endothelium-dependent, flow-mediated dilatation of the brachial artery in patients with essential hypertension [237] ; however, the long-term effects of arginine were not investigated in this study [237] . A prospective, crossover clinical trial conducted in mildly hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients revealed a significant decrease in blood pressure in response to arginine, occurring two hours after the oral administration; the effect of lowering blood pressure was associated with increased plasma levels of citrulline, whereas no significant changes in insulin levels were detected, suggesting that the observed phenotype was dependent on arginine-induced NO synthesis [295] . A double-blind study on 24 diabetic patients verified this assumption evaluating the combination of N-acetylcysteine and arginine oral treatments: the combined treatment was able to reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, C-reactive proteins, vascular adhesion molecules, and improved the intima-media thickness during endothelial post-ischemic vasodilation [299] . abstract: Arginine (L-arginine), is an amino acid involved in a number of biological processes, including the biosynthesis of proteins, host immune response, urea cycle, and nitric oxide production. In this systematic review, we focus on the functional role of arginine in the regulation of endothelial function and vascular tone. Both clinical and preclinical studies are examined, analyzing the effects of arginine supplementation in hypertension, ischemic heart disease, aging, peripheral artery disease, and diabetes mellitus. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8080277 doi: 10.3390/biomedicines8080277 id: cord-297597-tqc1usry author: Godden, Sandra title: Colostrum Management for Dairy Calves date: 2008-02-23 words: 7689.0 sentences: 350.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297597-tqc1usry.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297597-tqc1usry.txt summary: Unfortunately, a significant proportion of North American dairy calves suffer from failure of passive transfer of antibodies from colostrum, contributing to excessively high preweaning mortality rates and other shortand long-term losses associated with animal health, welfare, and productivity. In addition to reduced risk for preweaning morbidity and mortality, additional long-term benefits associated with successful passive transfer include reduced mortality in the postweaning period, improved rate of gain and feed efficiency, reduced age at first calving, improved first and second lactation milk production, and reduced tendency for culling during the first lactation [7] [8] [9] [10] . In a study feeding beef cows either 100% (CO) or 57% (RS) of National Research Council (NRC) (1984) [38] protein and energy requirements, maternal nutrition did not affect either colostrum IgG concentration (43.0 versus 39.5 g/L for RS and CO, respectively) or the calves'' serum IgG concentration at 24 hours (19.1 versus 20.2 mg/mL for RS and CO, respectively) [39] . abstract: Colostrum management is the single most important management factor in determining calf health and survival. Unfortunately, a significant proportion of North American dairy calves suffer from failure of passive transfer of antibodies from colostrum, contributing to excessively high preweaning mortality rates and other short- and long-term losses associated with animal health, welfare, and productivity. A successful colostrum management program requires producers to consistently provide calves with a sufficient volume of clean, high-quality colostrum within the first few hours of life. This article reviews the process of colostrogenesis and discusses important components of colostrum. The key components of delivering and monitoring a successful colostrum management program are discussed. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0749072007000758 doi: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2007.10.005 id: cord-017907-997yo3ni author: Gralinski, Michael title: Methods to Induce Cardiac Hypertrophy and Insufficiency date: 2015-07-28 words: 16648.0 sentences: 1061.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-017907-997yo3ni.txt txt: ./txt/cord-017907-997yo3ni.txt summary: Basic Res Cardiol 87:263-271 Weinberg EO, Schoen FJ, George D, Kagaya Y, Douglas PS, Litwin SE, Schunkert H, Benedict CR, Lorell BH (1994) Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition prolongs survival and modifies the transition to heart failure in rats with pressure overload hypertrophy due to ascending aortic stenosis. Congestive heart failure was induced, which resulted in the development of myocardial hypertrophy, impaired cardiac function, and increased expression of the natriuretic peptides in the left ventricle. (1991) tested the effects of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor not only on survival but also on left ventricular failure in the isolated Langendorff heart by measurement of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, dP/ dt max , and mean coronary flow. During the first 10 days, dogs were paced at 180 beats/min (bpm), resulting in early left ventricular dysfunction as defined by significant systolic dysfunction with decreased cardiac output, cardiac enlargement, and increased filling pressures but maintained systemic perfusion pressure and renal sodium excretion and no clinical signs of heart failure. abstract: Animal models of cardiac hypertrophy and insufficiency have been reviewed by Hasenfuss (1988), Muders and Elsner (2000), Vanoli et al. (2004), Patten and Hall-Porter (2009), Dubi and Arbel (2010), Gomes et al. (2013), and Szymanski et al. (2012). url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7122595/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-05392-9_8 id: cord-320172-qw47pf9r author: Greaves, Peter title: VII Digestive System 1 date: 2000-12-31 words: 47375.0 sentences: 2238.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320172-qw47pf9r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320172-qw47pf9r.txt summary: In common with other changes induced in the digestive tract of rats and cynomolgus monkeys by the administration of recombinant human epidermal growth factor, the tongue showed squamous epithelial hyperplasia characterised by a uniform increase in the thickness of the squamous epithelium in both species (Breider et al., 1996; Reindel et al., 1996) . Detailed study of hypertrophy, protein synthesis, and intracellular cAMP activity in the salivary glands of rats treated for 10 days with isoprenaline (isoproterenol), a series of β-adrenergic receptor agonists and the phosphodiesterase inhibitors, theophylline and caffeine, showed that similar effects occurred with all agents although differences in the degree of hypertrophy, the nature of pro-tein and glycoprotein synthesis and Golgi membrane enzyme activity were recorded (Wells and Humphreys-Beher, 1985) . Studies in the rat have shown that diffuse atrophy of the gastric glands characterised by a decrease in the number and size of parietal, chief and mucous cells occurs transiently following truncal vagotomy but histological features return to normal by about 1 month after surgery (Nakamura, 1985) . abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter deals with the digestive system. The major and minor salivary glands and their secretions also represent and integral part of the protective mechanism of the oral cavity, and derangement of saliva production may lead to loss of integrity of the oral mucosa. Drug-induced abnormalities of taste sensation are also well-described phenomena occurring in man although human studies are necessary for the detection of these effects. Inflammation of the oral cavity may involve the buccal mucosa, the gingiva (gingivitis), the tongue (glossitis), and the peridontal tissues (peridontitis). Therapeutic agents can induce inflammatory lesions in the tongue. Moreover, a protective layer of mucus, a visco-elastic material containing high molecular weight glycoproteins produced by the major and minor salivary glands, covers the stratified squamous mucosa of the oral cavity. Salivary secretions also possess digestive enzyme activity although in herbivores and carnivores, it is usually low in contrast to high digestive enzyme activity in omnivorous species. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/B9780444505149500073 doi: 10.1016/b978-044450514-9/50007-3 id: cord-015910-d9gxew91 author: Grimble, Robert F. title: The Interaction Between Nutrition and Inflammatory Stress Throughout the Life Cycle date: 2005 words: 15205.0 sentences: 709.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-015910-d9gxew91.txt txt: ./txt/cord-015910-d9gxew91.txt summary: Binding of the transcription factors is implicated in activation of a wide range of genes associated with inflammation and the immune response, including those encoding cytokines, cytokine receptors, cell adhesion molecules, acute-phase proteins, and growth factors (Schreck, Rieber, & Baeurerle, 1991) (Fig. 4 ) . While inflammation may be exerting deleterious effects most obviously in patients, people on the borderline of health and disease living in the general population Table 4 Nutrients Commonly Used in Immunonutrient Supplements and Their Potential Mode of Action • n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: act as anti-inflammatory agents and reverse immunosuppression • Sulfur amino acids and their precursors: enhance antioxidant status via GSH synthesis • Glutamine: nutrient for immune cells, improves gut barrier function, precursor for GSH • Arginine: stimulates nitric oxide and growth hormone production, improves helper T-cell numbers • Nucleotides: RNA and DNA precursors, improve T-cell function may also require nutritional modulation of ongoing inflammatory processes. abstract: The human race inhabits a world in which it is surrounded by a myriad of different microorganisms—yeasts, bacteria, protozoa, and viruses. Most of these are benign, and some, such as the normal gut flora, play an important part in promoting health via the synthesis of vitamins and stimulation of normal function of gut epithelia. Approximately 0.1% of microbes in our environment have catastrophic effects if they penetrate the epithelial surfaces of the body (Bryson, 2003). History reveals many instances in which armies have been defeated and civilizations have collapsed because of encounters between humans and such microorganisms (Diamond, 1999). url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7120013/ doi: 10.1385/1-59259-952-4:387 id: cord-310883-t5r4xqj3 author: Grundler, Franziska title: Interplay between oxidative damage, the redox status, and metabolic biomarkers during long-term fasting date: 2020-08-25 words: 4000.0 sentences: 210.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310883-t5r4xqj3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310883-t5r4xqj3.txt summary: We recently documented that long-term fasting improves metabolic health and enhanced the total antioxidant capacity. A machine learning model showed that a combination of antioxidant parameters measured at baseline predicted the efficiency of the fasting regimen to decrease LDL levels. In conclusion, we demonstrated that long-term fasting enhanced the endogenous production of antioxidant molecules, that act protectively against free radicals, and in parallel improved the metabolic health status. indicators of redox status of humans which showed that while the total antioxidant capacity 7 (TAC) was enhanced, TBARS, an important indicator of lipid peroxidation, were reduced 8 (Wilhelmi de Toledo et al., 2020a). Although bilirubin was not measured in this study, we measured the increase in uric 6 acid and its association with TAC, that was discussed in detail in the previous article 7 Besides showing that long-term fasting improves the redox status and metabolic health 1 indicators, an interplay between these parameters was described. abstract: Obesity and its related metabolic disorders, as well as infectious diseases like covid-19, are important health risks nowadays. We recently documented that long-term fasting improves metabolic health and enhanced the total antioxidant capacity. The present study investigated the influence of a 10-day fasting on markers of the redox status in 109 subjects. Reducing power, ABTS radical scavenging capacity, and hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity increased significantly, and indicated an increase of circulating antioxidant levels. No differences were detected in superoxide scavenging capacity, protein carbonyls, and superoxide dismutase when measured at baseline and after 10 days of fasting. These findings were concomitant to a decrease in blood glucose, insulin, HbA1c, total cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides as well as an increase in total cholesterol/HDL ratio. In addition, the well-being index as well as the subjective energy levels increased, documenting a good tolerability. We documented an interplay between redox and metabolic parameters, as lipid peroxidation baseline levels (TBARS) affected the ability of long-term fasting to normalize lipid levels. A machine learning model showed that a combination of antioxidant parameters measured at baseline predicted the efficiency of the fasting regimen to decrease LDL levels. In conclusion, we demonstrated that long-term fasting enhanced the endogenous production of antioxidant molecules, that act protectively against free radicals, and in parallel improved the metabolic health status. Our results suggest that the outcome of long-term fasting strategies could be depending on the baseline values of the antioxidative and metabolic status of subjects. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691520305913?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111701 id: cord-299363-y7o8ovf9 author: Guliyev, Hasraddin title: Determining the spatial effects of COVID-19 using the spatial panel data model date: 2020-04-07 words: 3127.0 sentences: 270.0 pages: flesch: 65.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299363-y7o8ovf9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299363-y7o8ovf9.txt summary: We examine the factors affecting COVID-19 together with the spatial effects, and use spatial panel data models to determine the relationship among the variables including their spatial effects. Using spatial panel models, we analyse the relationship between the rate of confirmed cases (R c ) of COVID-19, the rate of deaths (R d ), the rate of recovered cases (R r ) due to treatment, with spatial and temporal effects. This further suggests that it is necessary to construct spatial panel data models rather than SLMs, which do not consider spatial effects, if our objective is to explore the influencing factors of the rate of confirmed cases and their spatial spillover effects. Built on the spatial panel data of 31 regions in China from 22 January 2020 to 10 March 2020, we investigated the influencing variables (the rate of deaths and recovered cases) and their spatial spillover effects of COVID-19. abstract: This study investigates the propagation power and effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in light of published data. We examine the factors affecting COVID-19 together with the spatial effects, and use spatial panel data models to determine the relationship among the variables including their spatial effects. Using spatial panel models, we analyse the relationship between confirmed cases of COVID-19, deaths thereof, and recovered cases due to treatment. We accordingly determine and include the spatial effects in this examination after establishing the appropriate model for COVID-19. The most efficient and consistent model is interpreted with direct and indirect spatial effects. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2211675320300373 doi: 10.1016/j.spasta.2020.100443 id: cord-032546-7786vr0y author: Guo, Siyu title: Comparative Efficacy of Danshen Class Injections for Treating Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Multidimensional Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials date: 2020-08-26 words: 6419.0 sentences: 379.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-032546-7786vr0y.txt txt: ./txt/cord-032546-7786vr0y.txt summary: title: Comparative Efficacy of Danshen Class Injections for Treating Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Multidimensional Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials RESULTS: A total of 53 eligible randomized controlled trial studies with 6401 patients were obtained that evaluated the clinical effectiveness rate, the level of hypersensitive C-reactive protein, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, fibrinogen, and adverse reactions after the application of Danshen class injections plus western medicine. CONCLUSION: Based on this Bayesian network meta-analysis results, Danhong injection + western medicine and Danshen injection + western medicine might have a better impact on acute coronary syndrome patients. The specifically designed form captured information on the study characteristics, including publication data (publication date, title and authors'' names), details of patients'' characteristics (sample sizes, age and sex), intervention (the types of CHIs, dose and duration), outcomes (the primary and secondary outcomes) and factors to evaluate risk of bias. abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute coronary syndrome, that is a common and serious cardiovascular disease, imposes a huge economic burden on global public health. And Danshen class injections are commonly used in the treatment of acute coronary syndrome in China. Thus, the Bayesian network meta-analysis was devised to investigate the efficacy of different Danshen class injections against acute coronary syndrome. METHODS: Eligible inclusion and exclusion criteria were established in advance. Then, a systematic literature search was performed in several databases from inception to February 2020. Further, the included randomized controlled trials data were adopted to calculation, prepare graphs and multidimensional cluster analysis by WinBUGS 1.4.3, Stata V.13.0 and R 3.6.1 software, respectively. RESULTS: A total of 53 eligible randomized controlled trial studies with 6401 patients were obtained that evaluated the clinical effectiveness rate, the level of hypersensitive C-reactive protein, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, fibrinogen, and adverse reactions after the application of Danshen class injections plus western medicine. Compared with western medicine alone, Danshen class injections combined with western medicine therapy were associated with significantly improved the therapeutic effect. In addition, the results of the multidimensional cluster analysis demonstrated that Danhong injection + western medicine and Danshen injection + western medicine had better therapeutic effects. However, since most eligible randomized controlled trial studies did not focus on the monitoring of adverse reactions, the safety of these Chinese herbal injections needs to be further explored. CONCLUSION: Based on this Bayesian network meta-analysis results, Danhong injection + western medicine and Danshen injection + western medicine might have a better impact on acute coronary syndrome patients. Nevertheless, more large samples, high-quality clinical and multicenter randomized controlled trial studies should be tested and verified in the future. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7485145/ doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01260 id: cord-267345-pmtecdko author: Hao, Da Cheng title: Phytochemical and biological research of Polygoneae medicinal resources date: 2015-07-03 words: 6949.0 sentences: 400.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267345-pmtecdko.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267345-pmtecdko.txt summary: TSG could prevent cardiac remodeling induced by pressure overload in rats (Xu et al., 2014b) , which may be related to a decreasing angiotensin II level, an antioxidant effect, suppression of transforming growth factor-b1 expression, and inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. Aqueous and organic extracts of 27 selected species from five genera (Fallopia, Oxyria, Persicaria, Polygonum, and Rumex) of the family Polygonaceae occurring in the Carpathian Basin were screened in vitro for antiproliferative activity against HeLa (cervix epithelial adenocarcinoma), A431 (skin epidermoid carcinoma), and MCF7 (breast epithelial adenocarcinoma) cells (Lajter et al., 2013b) , using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Molecular phylogenetic studies using three cpDNA regions and nrITS sequences were performed to explore the hybrid speciation in Persicaria (Polygonum, Polygonaceae; Figure 12 .4) (Kim and Donoghue, 2008) , with an emphasis on sampling within section Eupersicaria. abstract: This chapter synthesizes current knowledge on phytochemistry, bioactivity, molecular phylogeny, and omics of Polygoneae medicinal resources. Many species in the seven genera of Polygoneae are traditional and popular medicinal herbs. Anthraquinones and stilbenes are characteristic medicinal compounds of Polygoneae, while other useful constituents, such as alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, volatile oils, tannins, resins, coumarins, and lignans, have also been isolated from Polygoneae species. Among versatile bioactivities of Polygoneae compounds, their effects on the cardiovascular and nervous systems and their anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiparasitic, insecticidal, anticancer, and antioxidant activities are highlighted. Interspecific hybridization and the following polyploidization play a major role in Polygoneae diversification. Nuclear ITS and chloroplast DNA sequences are retrieved to resolve the interspecific relationship and reassign some taxa to the appropriate genus. Omics study of Polygoneae is at the budding stage, which will revolutionize the sustainable utilization of Polygoneae medicinal resources. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780081000854000128 doi: 10.1016/b978-0-08-100085-4.00012-8 id: cord-282101-2usqpy2j author: Hassan, Atef A. title: Nanomaterials and nanocomposite applications in veterinary medicine date: 2020-05-01 words: 17178.0 sentences: 959.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282101-2usqpy2j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282101-2usqpy2j.txt summary: Moreover, several nanocomposites can be used in various applications such as nanoshells to destroy cancer cells, alumino-silicate nanoparticles to reduce bleeding, carbon nanoparticles as sensors and for drug delivery, gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) for diagnosis, silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) as antimicrobial agents, and iron oxide nanoparticles to improve MRI imaging (Chakravarthi and Balaji, 2010; Hassan et al., 2015b) . (2015) detected that aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin production by respective fungal isolates was significantly diminished until complete inhibition by increasing the dose treatment with Fe 2 O 3 NPs. Moreover, the antimicrobial action of metal nanoparticles was suggested as being due to disrupting and penetration of the cell membrane of microorganism, damage and rupture of the cell wall and leakage of cytoplasm contents (Gajbhiye et al., 2009; Hassan et al., 2014 Hassan et al., , 2015a . The obtained results showed that the viability of microbial cells was inhibited and complete prevention of aflatoxin production occurred at a concentration level of 125 μg/mL of CNTs. Veterinary applications of metal nanoparticles have been used in various fields related to animal disease diagnosis and treatment as well as biological sensing. abstract: Nowadays, nanotechnology has made huge, significant advancements in biotechnology and biomedicine related to human and animal science, including increasing health safety, production, and the elevation of national income. There are various fields of nanomaterial applications in veterinary medicine such as efficient diagnostic and therapeutic tools, drug delivery, animal nutrition, breeding and reproduction, and valuable additives. Additional benefits include the detection of pathogens, protein, biological molecules, antimicrobial agents, feeding additives, nutrient delivery, and reproductive aids. There are many nanomaterials and nanocomposites that can be used in nanomedicine such as metal nanoparticles, liposomes, carbon nanotubes, and quantum dots. In the near future, nanotechnology research will have the ability to produce novel tools for improving animal health and production. Therefore, this chapter was undertaken to spotlight novel methods created by nanotechnology for application in the improvement of animal health and production. In addition, the toxicity of nanomaterials is fully discussed to avoid the suspected health hazards of toxicity for animal health safety. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/B9780128213544000248 doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-821354-4.00024-8 id: cord-256881-7sejcqda author: Heindel, Jerrold J. title: Data integration, analysis, and interpretation of eight academic CLARITY-BPA studies date: 2020-07-16 words: 24781.0 sentences: 1195.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256881-7sejcqda.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256881-7sejcqda.txt summary: Additionally, we applied an integrative analysis approach by using rand Circos-plots generated with the mixOmics [21] program to identify correlations in BPA responses across organs collected from the same or comparable individual rats within this same consortium study, thus expanding our findings to a systems biology level to reveal strong organismal relationships at three different timepoints: 21 days of age (weaning), 90-120 days of age (young adult) and 6 months of age (older adult). Fenton (National Toxicology Program) (mostly using rat models); (2) DNA methylation profiles and concomitant alterations of gene expression at PND 21 are predictors of pathological outcomes that manifest during adulthood, which was done in collaboration with Dr. Shioda, Mass General Hospital); (3) perinatal exposure to BPA induces abnormal post-pubertal/adult development of the mammary gland; and (4) BPA generates non-monotonic dose-response curves. abstract: “Consortium Linking Academic and Regulatory Insights on BPA Toxicity” (CLARITY-BPA) was a comprehensive “industry-standard” Good Laboratory Practice (GLP)-compliant 2-year chronic exposure study of bisphenol A (BPA) toxicity that was supplemented by hypothesis-driven independent investigator-initiated studies. The investigator-initiated studies were focused on integrating disease-associated, molecular, and physiological endpoints previously found by academic scientists into an industry standard guideline-compliant toxicity study. Thus, the goal of this collaboration was to provide a more comprehensive dataset upon which to base safety standards and to determine whether industry-standard tests are as sensitive and predictive as molecular and disease-associated endpoints. The goal of this report is to integrate the findings from the investigator-initiated studies into a comprehensive overview of the observed impacts of BPA across the multiple organs and systems analyzed. For each organ system, we provide the rationale for the study, an overview of methodology, and summarize major findings. We then compare the results of the CLARITY-BPA studies across organ systems with the results of previous peer-reviewed studies from independent labs. Finally, we discuss potential influences that contributed to differences between studies. Developmental exposure to BPA can lead to adverse effects in multiple organs systems, including the brain, prostate gland, urinary tract, ovary, mammary gland, and heart. As published previously, many effects were at the lowest dose tested, 2.5μg/kg /day, and many of the responses were non-monotonic. Because the low dose of BPA affected endpoints in the same animals across organs evaluated in different labs, we conclude that these are biologically – and toxicologically – relevant. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0890623820301507 doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.05.014 id: cord-321590-8y1jy01c author: Hetland, Geir title: Can medicinal mushrooms have prophylactic or therapeutic effect against COVID‐19 and its pneumonic superinfection and complicating inflammation? date: 2020-07-29 words: 5617.0 sentences: 302.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321590-8y1jy01c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321590-8y1jy01c.txt summary: The related Basidiomycota Agaricus blazei Murill (AbM), Hericium erinaceus (HE), and Grifola frondosa (GF) have been shown to exert antimicrobial activity against viral agents, Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria, and parasites in vitro and in vivo. Effect of a Medicinal Agaricus blazei Murill-Based Mushroom Extract, AndoSan™, on Symptoms, Fatigue and Quality of Life in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis in a Randomized Single-Blinded Placebo Controlled Study Effect of the Medicinal Agaricus blazei Murill-Based Mushroom Extract, AndoSanTM, on Symptoms, Fatigue and Quality of Life in Patients with Crohn''s Disease in a Randomized Single-Blinded Placebo Controlled Study Cytokine levels after consumption of a medicinal Agaricus blazei murill-based mushroom extract, AndoSan™, in patients with Crohn''s disease and ulcerative colitis in a randomized single-blinded placebo-controlled study Effect of an extract based on the medicinal mushroom Agaricus blazei Murill on expression of cytokines and calprotectin in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn''s disease abstract: Medicinal mushrooms have documented effects against different diseases, including infections and inflammatory disorders. The related Basidiomycota Agaricus blazei Murill (AbM), Hericium erinaceus (HE), and Grifola frondosa (GF) have been shown to exert antimicrobial activity against viral agents, Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria, and parasites in vitro and in vivo. Since the mechanism is immunomodulatory and not antibiotical, the mushrooms should be active against multi‐drug resistant microbes as well. Moreover, since these Basidiomycota also have anti‐inflammatory properties, they may be suited for treatment of the severe lung inflammation that often follows COVID‐19 infection. An AbM‐based mushroom extract (Andosan™), also containing HE and GF, has been shown to significantly reduce bacteraemia and increase survival in mice with pneumococcal sepsis, and to improve symptoms and quality of life in IBD patients via an anti‐inflammatory effect. Hence, such mushroom extracts could have prophylactic or therapeutic effect against the pneumonic superinfection and severe lung inflammation that often complicates COVID‐19 infection. Here, we review antimicrobial and anti‐inflammatory properties of AbM, HE and GF mushrooms, which could be used for the battle against COVID‐19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32657436/ doi: 10.1111/sji.12937 id: cord-279166-kt35mg7o author: Howell, Amy B. title: The Pomegranate: Effects on Bacteria and Viruses That Influence Human Health date: 2013-05-20 words: 6626.0 sentences: 326.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279166-kt35mg7o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279166-kt35mg7o.txt summary: Much of the evidence for pomegranates'' antibacterial and antiviral activities against foodborne pathogens and other infectious disease organisms comes from in vitro cell-based assays, necessitating further confirmation of in vivo efficacy through human clinical trials. Another study using the methanolic extract of pomegranate peels formulated into a 10% (wt/wt) water-soluble gel showed similar enhancements in wound healing in a Wistar rat model compared to a commercial topical antibacterial product [44] . A Brazilian in vitro study investigated the antimicrobial effect of a pomegranate-based oral gel (made from an extract of dried peel combined with Carbopol, water, and triethanolamine) against Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus mitis, and S. Given that MNV-1 is quite resistant to most treatment conditions, including pH and heat [73] , but inhibited by pomegranate juice and its polyphenols, it is possible that additional research will reveal a role for pomegranate as a natural alternative for treating and/or preventing human norovirus infections. abstract: Pomegranates have been known for hundreds of years for their multiple health benefits, including antimicrobial activity. The recent surge in multidrug-resistant bacteria and the possibility of widespread global virus pandemics necessitate the need for additional preventative and therapeutic options to conventional drugs. Research indicates that pomegranates and their extracts may serve as natural alternatives due to their potency against a wide range of bacterial and viral pathogens. Nearly every part of the pomegranate plant has been tested for antimicrobial activities, including the fruit juice, peel, arils, flowers, and bark. Many studies have utilized pomegranate peel with success. There are various phytochemical compounds in pomegranate that have demonstrated antimicrobial activity, but most of the studies have found that ellagic acid and larger hydrolyzable tannins, such as punicalagin, have the highest activities. In some cases the combination of the pomegranate constituents offers the most benefit. The positive clinical results on pomegranate and suppression of oral bacteria are intriguing and worthy of further study. Much of the evidence for pomegranates' antibacterial and antiviral activities against foodborne pathogens and other infectious disease organisms comes from in vitro cell-based assays, necessitating further confirmation of in vivo efficacy through human clinical trials. url: https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/606212 doi: 10.1155/2013/606212 id: cord-293139-uj1m3t79 author: Hua, Jinxi title: Competing PM2.5 and NO2 holiday effects in the Beijing area vary locally due to differences in residential coal burning and traffic patterns date: 2020-08-11 words: 4911.0 sentences: 219.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293139-uj1m3t79.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293139-uj1m3t79.txt summary: In this study, we assessed the variations in concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) during the holidays in the heating season from 2014 to 2018 based on daily surface air quality monitoring measurements in Beijing. The predictors in our GAM model include time vectors to represent inter-annual, monthly, and weekday variations, as well as meteorological variables (boundary layer height, east-west wind component, south-north wind component, relative humidity, air temperature, dew point temperature, and surface pressure). The spatial variation in the holiday effect at different sites reflects two distinct ways that human activities impact air quality: increased residential heating tended to increase both PM 2.5 and NO 2 , whereas reduced traffic emissions leads to lower NO 2 . Effects of meteorology and emission reduction measures on air pollution in Beijing during heating seasons abstract: Abstract The holiday effect is a useful tool to estimate the impact on air pollution due to changes in human activities. In this study, we assessed the variations in concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) during the holidays in the heating season from 2014 to 2018 based on daily surface air quality monitoring measurements in Beijing. A Generalized Additive Model (GAM) is used to analyze pollutant concentrations for 34 sites by comprehensively accounting for annual, monthly, and weekly cycles as well as the nonlinear impacts of meteorological factors. A Saturday effect was found in the downtown area, with about 4% decrease in PM2.5 and 3% decrease in NO2 relative to weekdays. On Sundays, the PM2.5 concentrations increased by about 5% whereas there were no clear changes for NO2. In contrast to the small effect of the weekend, there was a strong holiday effect throughout the region with average increases of about 22% in PM2.5 and average reductions of about 11% in NO2 concentrations. There was a clear geographical pattern in the strength of the holiday effect. In rural areas the increase in PM2.5 is related to the proportion of coal and biomass consumption for household heating. In the suburban areas between the Fifth Ring Road and Sixth Ring Road there were larger reductions in NO2 than downtown which might be due to decreased traffic as many people return to their hometown for the holidays. This study provides insights into the pattern of changes in air pollution due to human activities. By quantifying the changes, it also provides insights for improvements in air quality due to control policies implemented in Beijing during the heating season. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969720351044?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141575 id: cord-353815-w35spqqt author: Huan, Yuchen title: Antimicrobial Peptides: Classification, Design, Application and Research Progress in Multiple Fields date: 2020-10-16 words: 12266.0 sentences: 623.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353815-w35spqqt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353815-w35spqqt.txt summary: This review introduces the progress of research on AMPs comprehensively and systematically, including their classification, mechanism of action, design methods, environmental factors affecting their activity, application status, prospects in various fields and problems to be solved. Tryptophan (Trp), as a non-polar amino acid, has a remarkable effect on the interface region of the lipid bilayer, whereas Arg, as a basic amino acid, confers peptide charge and hydrogen bond interactions, which are essential properties to combine with the bacterial membrane''s abundant anionic component. And it seems that Trp residues play the role of natural aromatic activators of Arg-rich AMPs by ion-pair-π interactions (Walrant et al., 2020) , thereby promoting enhanced peptide-membrane interactions (Chan et al., 2006) . Furthermore, L4H4, which is designed based on the linear cationic amphiphilic peptide magainin, also shows good antibacterial activity and cell penetration properties by inserting four histidine sequences in leucine and alanine (Lointier et al., 2020) . abstract: Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a class of small peptides that widely exist in nature and they are an important part of the innate immune system of different organisms. AMPs have a wide range of inhibitory effects against bacteria, fungi, parasites and viruses. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms and the increasing of concerns about the use of antibiotics resulted in the development of AMPs, which have a good application prospect in medicine, food, animal husbandry, agriculture and aquaculture. This review introduces the progress of research on AMPs comprehensively and systematically, including their classification, mechanism of action, design methods, environmental factors affecting their activity, application status, prospects in various fields and problems to be solved. The research progress on antivirus peptides, especially anti-coronavirus (COVID-19) peptides, has been introduced given the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide in 2020. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33178164/ doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.582779 id: cord-270337-92a5uwjf author: Hughes, Dyfrig A. title: Acute chloroquine poisoning: A comprehensive experimental toxicology assessment of the role of diazepam date: 2020-06-18 words: 6498.0 sentences: 346.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270337-92a5uwjf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270337-92a5uwjf.txt summary: KEY RESULTS: Chloroquine decreased the developed tension of left atria, prolonged the effective refractory period of atria, ventricular tissue and right papillary muscles, and caused dose‐dependent impairment of haemodynamic and electrocardiographic parameters. A series of experiments was conducted to assess the effects of chloroquine and diazepam alone and in combination on the contractility, refractoriness and beating rate of isolated rat cardiac tissues. Six treatment randomised controlled trials were subsequently conducted to assess the efficacy of diazepam, clonazepam and Ro5-4864:-(i) prior, (ii) during and (iii) after chloroquine intoxication (Table 1 ) and the effects of diazepam:-(iv) in high dose, (v) in nonbarbiturate anaesthetised rats and (vi) co-administered with adrenaline. Effects of chloroquine (30 μM) in the presence of propylene glycol 1% v/v (control) or diazepam (1, 10 and 100 μM) on the developed tension, effective refractory period and time to peak tension of left atria, right ventricular strips, right papillary muscles and on the spontaneous beating rate of right atria In all 16 rabbits, arrhythmias presented as Mobitz type II, seconddegree AV block with a conduction ratio of 2:1 (two P waves for each QRS complex). abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Resurgence in the use of chloroquine as a potential treatment for COVID‐19 has seen recent cases of fatal toxicity due to unintentional overdoses. Protocols for the management of poisoning recommend diazepam, although there are uncertainties in its pharmacology and efficacy in this context. The aim was to assess the effects of diazepam in experimental models of chloroquine cardiotoxicity. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: In vitro experiments involved cardiac tissues isolated from rats and incubated with chloroquine alone or in combination with diazepam. In vivo models of toxicity involved chloroquine administered intravenously to pentobarbitone‐anaesthetised rats and rabbits. Randomised, controlled treatment studies in rats assessed diazepam, clonazepam and Ro5‐4864 administered: (i) prior, (ii) during and (iii) after chloroquine and the effects of diazepam: (iv) at high dose, (v) in urethane‐anaesthetised rats and (vi) co‐administered with adrenaline. KEY RESULTS: Chloroquine decreased the developed tension of left atria, prolonged the effective refractory period of atria, ventricular tissue and right papillary muscles, and caused dose‐dependent impairment of haemodynamic and electrocardiographic parameters. Cardiac arrhythmias indicated impairment of atrioventricular conduction. Studies (i), (ii) and (v) showed no differences between treatments and control. Diazepam increased heart rate in study (iv) and as with clonazepam also prolonged the QTc interval in study (iii). Combined administration of diazepam and adrenaline in study (vi) improved cardiac contractility but caused hypokalaemia. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Neither diazepam nor other ligands for benzodiazepine binding sites protect against or attenuate chloroquine cardiotoxicity. However, diazepam may augment the effects of positive inotropes in reducing chloroquine cardiotoxicity. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on The Pharmacology of COVID‐19. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.21/issuetoc url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32415690/ doi: 10.1111/bph.15101 id: cord-000549-qwhaesfk author: Hurley, Walter L. title: Perspectives on Immunoglobulins in Colostrum and Milk date: 2011-04-14 words: 11805.0 sentences: 511.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-000549-qwhaesfk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-000549-qwhaesfk.txt summary: Nevertheless, bovine IgG from colostrum or milk can be effective as a means of providing passive immunity to protect animals and humans from disease. Other studies have found that treatment of children with hyperimmune bovine colostrum from cows immunized with human rotavirus serotypes reduces the duration and severity of diarrhea due to rotavirus [59] , and can provide significant protection from rotavirus infection [60] . In applications to humans, bovine whey preparations of colostrum from cows immunized with caries-inducing bacterial strains (Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus), and containing over 60% immunoglobulin of which 80% was IgG1, has been used in several studies evaluating its effect on caries-producing bacteria. This means that maternal colostrum and milk will contain antibodies specific for pathogens that may be encountered by the neonate''s intestine and other mucosal tissues [10, 18, 148] , providing a rationale for the observations summarized above that bovine colostrum from nonimmunized cows also may afford passive immune protection against human pathogens [54, 55] . abstract: Immunoglobulins form an important component of the immunological activity found in milk and colostrum. They are central to the immunological link that occurs when the mother transfers passive immunity to the offspring. The mechanism of transfer varies among mammalian species. Cattle provide a readily available immune rich colostrum and milk in large quantities, making those secretions important potential sources of immune products that may benefit humans. Immune milk is a term used to describe a range of products of the bovine mammary gland that have been tested against several human diseases. The use of colostrum or milk as a source of immunoglobulins, whether intended for the neonate of the species producing the secretion or for a different species, can be viewed in the context of the types of immunoglobulins in the secretion, the mechanisms by which the immunoglobulins are secreted, and the mechanisms by which the neonate or adult consuming the milk then gains immunological benefit. The stability of immunoglobulins as they undergo processing in the milk, or undergo digestion in the intestine, is an additional consideration for evaluating the value of milk immunoglobulins. This review summarizes the fundamental knowledge of immunoglobulins found in colostrum, milk, and immune milk. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3257684/ doi: 10.3390/nu3040442 id: cord-317250-a5ni1s9e author: Jackson, Ronald S. title: Wine, food, and health date: 2020-04-10 words: 19834.0 sentences: 1219.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317250-a5ni1s9e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317250-a5ni1s9e.txt summary: Abusive ethanol consumption can cause cirrhosis of the liver, increase the likelihood of hypertension and stroke, favor the development of breast and digestive tract cancers, induce fetal alcohol syndrome, among others. Despite the general beneficial effects of moderate amounts of alcohol on digestion, the phenolic content of red wine may counter some of these influences. The effect on the latter two groups appears reflected in the reduced incidence of the common cold in moderate alcohol consumers (Cohen et al., 1993) , particularly those drinking red wines (Takkouche et al., 2002) . The source of these benefits may be a combination of enhanced calcium uptake, associated with alcohol consumption (Ilich et al., 2002) , the phytoestrogen effects of phenolics, such as resveratrol and kaempferol, or other unsuspected influences. Review of moderate alcohol consumption and reduced risk of coronary heart disease: is the effect due to beer, wine, or spirits? abstract: Wine has historically been associated with religious rights, used as a salubrious beverage, employed as a medication as well as a medicinal solvent, and consumed as a food accompaniment. It is the last use that is most intimately associated in the minds of most modern consumers. Despite this, there is little flavor commonality on which pairing could be based. The first section of the chapter examines this feature and wine's primary role as a palate cleanser and food condiment. The synergistic role of food and wine in suppressing each other's least pleasant attributes is also explained. The final section deals with the latest evidence relating to the many beneficial health effects of moderate wine consumption, shortfalls in the data, headache induction, dental erosion, and conditions under which wine intake is contraindicated. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/B978012816118000012X doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816118-0.00012-x id: cord-276006-mjjnkqv6 author: Jarach, Natanel title: Polymers in the Medical Antiviral Front-Line date: 2020-07-31 words: 12573.0 sentences: 738.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276006-mjjnkqv6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276006-mjjnkqv6.txt summary: Those anions show antiviral properties by affecting Larson studied modified PEI composed of N,N-Dodecylmethyl-PEI that exhibited antiviral effect on HSV-1 and HSV-2 viruses (see also Figure 6 ) [98] , influenza A virus [99] and on poliovirus and rotavirus [100] . Larson studied modified PEI composed of N,N-Dodecylmethyl-PEI that exhibited antiviral effect on HSV-1 and HSV-2 viruses (see also Figure 6 ) [98] , influenza A virus [99] and on poliovirus and rotavirus [100] . Xiao and Xue examined the antiviral effect of quaternary pyridinium containing co-polymers on several Influenza viruses (A, PR8, 8, 34) , as demonstrated in Figure 11 [35]. Xiao and Xue examined the antiviral effect of quaternary pyridinium containing co-polymers on several Influenza viruses (A, PR8, 8, 34) , as demonstrated in Figure 11 [35]. abstract: Antiviral polymers are part of a major campaign led by the scientific community in recent years. Facing this most demanding of campaigns, two main approaches have been undertaken by scientists. First, the classic approach involves the development of relatively small molecules having antiviral properties to serve as drugs. The other approach involves searching for polymers with antiviral properties to be used as prescription medications or viral spread prevention measures. This second approach took two distinct directions. The first, using polymers as antiviral drug-delivery systems, taking advantage of their biodegradable properties. The second, using polymers with antiviral properties for on-contact virus elimination, which will be the focus of this review. Anti-viral polymers are obtained by either the addition of small antiviral molecules (such as metal ions) to obtain ion-containing polymers with antiviral properties or the use of polymers composed of an organic backbone and electrically charged moieties like polyanions, such as carboxylate containing polymers, or polycations such as quaternary ammonium containing polymers. Other approaches include moieties hybridized by sulphates, carboxylic acids, or amines and/or combining repeating units with a similar chemical structure to common antiviral drugs. Furthermore, elevated temperatures appear to increase the anti-viral effect of ions and other functional moieties. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12081727 doi: 10.3390/polym12081727 id: cord-022903-08ugoxns author: Jensen, Bent Borg title: Extensive Literature Search on the ‘Effects of Copper intake levels in the gut microbiota profile of target animals, in particular piglets’ date: 2016-05-02 words: 21237.0 sentences: 1047.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-022903-08ugoxns.txt txt: ./txt/cord-022903-08ugoxns.txt summary: It may be concluded from the experiments that supplementing piglet and growing pigs diet with low additional copper amounts (below 50 mg/kg Cu) seems to inhibit the population of coliform bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract. It may be concluded from the experiments that supplementing piglet and growing pigs diet with low additional copper amounts (below 50 mg/kg Cu) seems to inhibit the population of coliform bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract. In study CH18 (Kim et al., 1993) a significant reduction in the population of coliform bacteria in broiler SI content was found by the addition of 100 mg/kg Cu as Cu-methionine to the diet while it had no effect at a concentration of 50 mg/kg. Supplementing pig diets with copper concentrations above 170 mg/kg as CuSO 4 has a reducing effect on the population of lactobacilli in the gastrointestinal tract of as well piglets as growing pigs. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7163604/ doi: 10.2903/sp.efsa.2016.en-1024 id: cord-279586-likfvwwj author: Jin, Jian title: Effects of Sonication on the In vitro Digestibility and Structural Properties of Buckwheat Protein Isolates date: 2020-09-17 words: 4831.0 sentences: 248.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279586-likfvwwj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279586-likfvwwj.txt summary: The present work investigated the effects of sonication at different amplitudes and durations on the in vitro digestibility of buckwheat protein isolates (BPIs). The tertiary structure analysis showed that sonication exposed the hydrophobic core buried inside the protein molecules and broke the intramolecular crosslinks, based on the increase in the surface hydrophobicity and intrinsic fluorescence and the decrease in the disulphide content. Therefore, this study was aimed at investigating the effects of sonication duration and acoustic amplitude on the in vitro digestibility of buckwheat protein isolates (BPIs). In addition, the effects of sonication on the tertiary structures (surface hydrophobicity, intrinsic fluorescence, sulfhydryl and disulfide bond contents), secondary structure, particle size, zeta-potential and microstructure of BPIs were studied to elucidate the structural mechanism underlying the effect of ultrasound on the digestibility of the proteins. abstract: The present work investigated the effects of sonication at different amplitudes and durations on the in vitro digestibility of buckwheat protein isolates (BPIs). The conformation, particle size and microstructures of the BPIs were also studied to explicate the possible mechanisms of the sonication-induced changes. The results showed that sonication conditions of 20 kHz, pulsed on-time 10 s, off-time 5s, amplitude of 60% and duration of 10 min (SA6T10) improved the digestibility of BPIs from 41.4% (control) to 58.2%. The tertiary structure analysis showed that sonication exposed the hydrophobic core buried inside the protein molecules and broke the intramolecular crosslinks, based on the increase in the surface hydrophobicity and intrinsic fluorescence and the decrease in the disulphide content. The secondary structure analysis showed that SA6T10 decreased the content of β-turn and β-sheet by 40.9% and 22.4%, respectively, and increased the content of anti-parallel β-sheet, random coil, and α-helix by 40.9%, 30.6%, and 25.5%, respectively. The particle size of the control BPIs (427.7±76.7 nm) increased to 2130.8±356.2 nm in the SA6T10 sonicated sample with a corresponding decrease in the polydispersity index from 0.97±0.04 to 0.51±0.13. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy indicated that sonication broke the macroparticles into smaller fragments and changed the surface state of the proteins. Taken together, sonication has proven to be a promising approach for improving the digestibility of buckwheat proteins, which can be explored as a source of plant-based alternative protein for food applications. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105348 doi: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105348 id: cord-320053-uceukiie author: Jones, Arwel Wyn title: Chapter 15 Exercise, Immunity, and Illness date: 2019-12-31 words: 19358.0 sentences: 847.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320053-uceukiie.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320053-uceukiie.txt summary: Abstract It is generally accepted that moderate amounts of exercise improve immune system functions and hence reduce the risk of infection whereas athletes engaged in regular prolonged and/or intensive training have a higher than "normal" incidence of minor infections, especially of the upper respiratory tract (URT, e.g., common cold and influenza). In contrast to animal research, human studies (attempting to discern the effects of prolonged exercise/intense training on URTI) have mainly involved monitoring athletes following heavy exertion (i.e., relied on natural exposure to pathogens) but only a limited number of these have verified that symptoms are due to infectious agents (pathogens) (Spence et al., 2007; Schwellnus et al., 2010; Hanstock et al., 2016) . abstract: Abstract It is generally accepted that moderate amounts of exercise improve immune system functions and hence reduce the risk of infection whereas athletes engaged in regular prolonged and/or intensive training have a higher than “normal” incidence of minor infections, especially of the upper respiratory tract (URT, e.g., common cold and influenza). This is likely related to regular acute (and possibly chronic) periods of exercise-induced changes in immune function. URT infections can compromise performance directly if suffered shortly before or during competition or indirectly if suffered at other times via effects on training and/or physiological adaptations. This chapter covers the effects of exercise (acute and chronic), both positive and negative, on immune function and consequent infection risk, and considers the current state-of-the-art for monitoring and assessing this in athletes. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128145937000153 doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-814593-7.00015-3 id: cord-022526-j9kg00qf author: Jones, Samuel L. title: Disorders of the Gastrointestinal System date: 2009-05-18 words: 108803.0 sentences: 5988.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-022526-j9kg00qf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-022526-j9kg00qf.txt summary: Examination of the cardiovascular system (heart, peripheral pulse, and mucous membranes), lungs, and abdomen is essential to detect clinical signs of systemic inflammation from endotoxemia, coagulation disorders, dehydration, ileus, shock, and other abnormalities resulting from injury to the small or large intestine. Several reports suggest the efficacy of cisapride in managing intestinal disease in horses, including the resolution of persistent large colon impaction, treatment of equine grass sickness, and as a preventative for POI in horses after small intestinal surgery (0.1 mg/kg body mass intramuscularly during the postoperative period). 9 Primary role-players in DPJ-associated ileus include peritoneal inflammation, inflammatory cell migration/activation within the muscularis, small intestinal mechanical distention, and effects of endotoxin absorption. Diarrhea probably results from the severe ulceration and inflammation of the large intestine, causing increased secretion of water, electrolytes, and protein and decreased absorption of fluid. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7158198/ doi: 10.1016/b0-72-169777-1/50015-9 id: cord-341720-qwdjb7vk author: Jukic, Igor title: Strategies and Solutions for Team Sports Athletes in Isolation due to COVID-19 date: 2020-04-24 words: 4264.0 sentences: 214.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341720-qwdjb7vk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341720-qwdjb7vk.txt summary: Based on the current scientific, we strongly recommend encouraging the athlete to reset their mindset to understand quarantine as an opportunity for development, organizing appropriate guidance, educating and encourage athletes to apply appropriate preventive behavior and hygiene measures to promote immunity and ensuring good living isolation conditions. Detraining affects different physiological systems (e.g., neuromuscular, cardiovascular, respiratory or muscle-skeletal) and their corresponding physical capacities (e.g., strength and power, endurance, speed or flexibility). It has been suggested that performing eccentric muscle actions during training is essential to promote greater and longer-lasting neural adaptations to training [24] and that speed-strength is better maintained during periods of reduced training if previously the focus of training was on power development [25] . This decrease in muscle size translates to a 7% and 12% reduction in strength and team sports athletes, after a period of inactivity ranging from 8 to 12 weeks. abstract: In December of 2019, there was an outbreak of a severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by the Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19) in China. The virus rapidly spread into the whole World causing an unprecedented pandemic and forcing governments to impose a global quarantine, entering an extreme unknown situation. The organizational consequences of quarantine/isolation are: absence of organized training and competition, lack of communication among athletes and coaches, inability to move freely, lack of adequate sunlight exposure, inappropriate training conditions. Based on the current scientific, we strongly recommend encouraging the athlete to reset their mindset to understand quarantine as an opportunity for development, organizing appropriate guidance, educating and encourage athletes to apply appropriate preventive behavior and hygiene measures to promote immunity and ensuring good living isolation conditions. The athlete’s living space should be equipped with cardio and resistance training equipment (portable bicycle or rowing ergometer). Some forms of body mass resistance circuit-based training could promote aerobic adaptation. Sports skills training should be organized based on the athlete’s needs. Personalized conditioning training should be carried out with emphasis on neuromuscular performance. Athletes should also be educated about nutrition (Vitamin D and proteins) and hydration. Strategies should be developed to control body composition. Mental fatigue should be anticipated and mental controlled. Adequate methods of recovery should be provided. Daily monitoring should be established. This is an ideal situation in which to rethink personal life, understanding the situation, that can be promoted in these difficult times that affect practically the whole world. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32344657/ doi: 10.3390/sports8040056 id: cord-253251-i79h14f7 author: Kandala, Ngianga-Bakwin title: An investigation of district spatial variations of childhood diarrhoea and fever morbidity in Malawi date: 2005-09-01 words: 6526.0 sentences: 312.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253251-i79h14f7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253251-i79h14f7.txt summary: In particular, the results suggest that children living in the capital city are less affected by fever, although this is not true for diarrhoea, where some urban agglomerations are associated with a higher childhood morbidity risk. The study applied Bayesian statistical and geo-statistical techniques to the 2000 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data of Malawi with location (district) attributes and other information to answer specific questions about geographic inequalities in childhood disease prevalence. To gain an understanding of the geographic variation or patterns based on the observed morbidity prevalence, a Bayesian hierarchical model was fitted, with the inclusion of spatial (district) and nonlinear metrical (mother''s and child''s age) covariates. Geo-additive logistic models were used (on the probability of a child having diarrhoea and fever during the reference period) to determine the socio-economic and demographic variables that are associated with the ailments while simultaneously controlling for spatial dependence in the data and possible nonlinear effects of covariates. abstract: Although diarrhoea and malaria are among the leading causes of child mortality and morbidity in Sub-Saharan Africa, few detailed studies have examined the patterns and determinants of these ailments in the most affected communities. In this paper, we investigate the spatial distribution of observed diarrhoea and fever prevalence in Malawi using individual data for 10,185 children from the 2000 Malawi Demographic and Health survey. We highlight inequalities in child health by mapping the residual district spatial effects using a geo-additive probit model that simultaneously controls for spatial dependence in the data and potential nonlinear effects of covariates. The residual spatial effects were modelled via a Bayesian approach. For both ailments, we were able to identify a distinct district pattern of childhood morbidity. In particular, the results suggest that children living in the capital city are less affected by fever, although this is not true for diarrhoea, where some urban agglomerations are associated with a higher childhood morbidity risk. The spatial patterns emphasize the role of remoteness as well as climatic, environmental, and geographic factors on morbidity. The fixed effects show that for diarrhoea, the risk of child morbidity appears to be lower among infants who are exclusively breastfed than among those who are mixed-fed. However, exclusive breastfeeding was not found to have a protective effect on fever. An important socio-economic factor for both diarrhoea and fever morbidity was parental education, especially maternal educational attainment. Diarrhoea and fever were both observed to show an interesting association with child's age. We were able to discern the continuous worsening of the child morbidity up to 8–12 months of age. This deterioration set in right after birth and continues, more or less linearly until 8–12 months, before beginning to decline thereafter. Independent of other factors, a separate spatial process produces district inequalities in child's health. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16139938/ doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.07.028 id: cord-016444-x2qozizw author: Kato, Masamichi title: Radiofrequency Biology: In vivo date: 2006 words: 24881.0 sentences: 1325.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-016444-x2qozizw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-016444-x2qozizw.txt summary: (1994) reported that the total power of EEG spectra increased in rats after whole-body 2.45 GHz, continuous wave microwave exposure (30 mW/cm 2 ) for 10 min; changes occurred at 10 mW/cm 2 . ( : 2000b studied the effects of the 902 MHz microwave field emitted by one model of a cell phone on the event-related desynchronization and synchronization of the 4-6 Hz, 6-8 Hz, 8-10 Hz, and 10-12 Hz EEG frequency bands of human subjects performing either (1) an auditory memory task or (2) a visual sequential letter task with three different working memory load conditions . (1987) measured sodium-dependent, high-affinity choline uptake in various regions of the brain, including frontal cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, inferior colliculus and striatum, of rats irradiated for 45 min with either pulsed or continuous wave, low-level microwaves (2.45 GHz; power density, 1 mW/cm 2 ; average whole-body SAR 0.6 W/kg). abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7120720/ doi: 10.1007/978-4-431-27914-3_10 id: cord-010921-yzv43e8l author: Kaye, Alan David title: Dexmedetomidine in Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Protocols for Postoperative Pain date: 2020-04-02 words: 7253.0 sentences: 431.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-010921-yzv43e8l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-010921-yzv43e8l.txt summary: As such, dexmedetomidine is now being used as part of ERAS protocols along with regional nerve blocks and other medications, to create a satisfactory postoperative outcome with reduced opioid consumption in the Post anesthesia care unit (PACU). This manuscript will comprehensively discuss dexmedetomidine with regards to postoperative pain management, ERAS protocols, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, cardiovascular and respiratory effects, toxicity, drug interactions, abuse and dependence. Analgesia with non-opioids analgesics like dexmedetomidine are being used as part of an ERAS protocol intraoperatively, along with regional nerve blocks to attain a satisfactory postoperative outcome with reduced requirements of opioids in PACU in the pediatric population. In a 2015 meta-analysis, although dexmedetomidine reduced pain intensity, opioid consumption, and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), it had no effect on recovery time [29] . Postoperative pain control after the use of dexmedetomidine and propofol to sedate patients undergoing ankle surgery under spinal anesthesia: a randomized controlled trial abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Effective acute pain management has evolved considerably in recent years and is a primary area of focus in attempts to defend against the opioid epidemic. Persistent postsurgical pain (PPP) has an incidence of up to 30–50% and has negative outcome of quality of life and negative burden on individuals, family, and society. The 2016 American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) guidelines states that enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) forms an integral part of Perioperative Surgical Home (PSH) and is now recommended to use a multimodal opioid-sparing approach for management of postoperative pain. As such, dexmedetomidine is now being used as part of ERAS protocols along with regional nerve blocks and other medications, to create a satisfactory postoperative outcome with reduced opioid consumption in the Post anesthesia care unit (PACU). RECENT FINDINGS: Dexmedetomidine, a selective alpha(2) agonist, possesses analgesic effects and has a different mechanism of action when compared with opioids. When dexmedetomidine is initiated at the end of a procedure, it has a better hemodynamic stability and pain response than ropivacaine. Dexmedetomidine can be used as an adjuvant in epidurals with local anesthetic sparing effects. Its use during nerve blocks results in reduced postoperative pain. Also, local infiltration of IV dexmedetomidine is associated with earlier discharge from PACU. SUMMARY: Perioperative use of dexmedetomidine has significantly improved postoperative outcomes when used as part of ERAS protocols. An in-depth review of the use of dexmedetomidine in ERAS protocols is presented for clinical anesthesiologists. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7223065/ doi: 10.1007/s11916-020-00853-z id: cord-338778-l53i77rn author: Kim, Hong-bumm title: Do expectations of future wealth increase outbound tourism? Evidence from Korea date: 2012-01-04 words: 5922.0 sentences: 269.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338778-l53i77rn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338778-l53i77rn.txt summary: where TOURIST is the number of outbound travelers departing from South Korea, INCOME is the average household income index, EX is the real effective exchange rate that accounts for changes in relative purchasing power parity in both prices and currency valuation, KOSPI is the index value of the Korean stock market, APT is the aggregate sales price index of apartments in Korea, FUEL is jet fuel price proxying for airfare, SQ 1w3 are the quarter dummies, the AFC DUMMY (1 if 1997:Q3e1998:Q2, 0 elsewhere) for the Asian Financial Crisis, 9/11 DUMMY for the September 11th Attack (1 if 2001:Q4, 0 elsewhere), and the SARS DUMMY (1 if 2003: Q2, 0 elsewhere) are dummy variables taking on the value of unity upon the occurrence of a macro event and zero if not, and t is the time subscript denoting the pertaining quarter. abstract: As international tourism is generally considered a luxury good, models to date have shared an understanding that demand is dependent on discretionary income. However, consumption theories predict that a shift in demand can be induced without changes in actual earnings when expectations for future income are adjusted. This presumes demand for international tourism can be influenced by “wealth effects” from real estate and financial assets. This study tested for the wealth effect on Korean outbound travelers during the 20 years between 1989 and 2009. Korea is a unique place to examine in that Korean households possess housing assets and financial assets that are traded actively in markets. The results of this study favored the possibility of a significant wealth effect from housing on outbound travel demand, but not from financial assets. This may be explained by data sensitivity and the relative importance of financial assets in the Korean people's wealth portfolios. Implications and suggestions for future research are provided along with the findings of the study. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2011.11.017 doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2011.11.017 id: cord-291559-h6czy5bh author: Koirala, Prashamsa title: Recent advances in pharmacological research on Ecklonia species: a review date: 2017-08-24 words: 12240.0 sentences: 567.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291559-h6czy5bh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291559-h6czy5bh.txt summary: A study investigated the protective effect of ES in alcoholic fatty liver and found that ES treatment suppressed adipogenesis and increased the expression of fatty acid oxidation-related genes, e.g., peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-a and CPT-1, but decreased the expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1, a triglyceride (TG) synthesis-related gene, suggesting that ES extract could be useful in preventing fatty acid oxidation and reducing lipogenesis in ethanol-induced fatty liver (Bang et al. Fucoidan extracted from EC exhibited prominent effects on peroxyl radical scavenging activity and 2, 2 0 -azobisdihydrochloride-induced oxidative stress in Vero cells and reduced ROS generation, lipid peroxidation, and cell death in a zebrafish model, proving its antioxidant capacities in vitro and in vivo despite being neither a polyphenol nor a flavonoid. Dieckol, isolated from the edible brown algae Ecklonia cava, induces apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells and inhibits tumor xenograft growth abstract: The genus Ecklonia (Lessoniaceae, Phaeophyceae), commonly called kelp (brown algae), is abundant on the coasts of Japan and Korea. During the past few decades, Ecklonia species have received tremendous attention for their wide range of therapeutic properties and multiple health benefits, such as great nutritional value and being rich in vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, proteins, and polysaccharides. Several novel functional ingredients with diversified biological activities have been isolated and possess antimicrobial, antiviral, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anticarcinogenic, immunomodulatory, hypolipidemic, anti-diabetic, and antioxidant therapeutic properties. The present review discusses the phytochemical, pharmacological, therapeutic, nutritional, and health benefits of different species of genus Ecklonia, as well as their use in the prevention of disease and maintenance of good health. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12272-017-0948-4 doi: 10.1007/s12272-017-0948-4 id: cord-289599-7vsynfgn author: Kostoff, Ronald N. title: COVID-19 vaccine safety date: 2020-09-18 words: 2715.0 sentences: 153.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289599-7vsynfgn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289599-7vsynfgn.txt summary: The present article examines whether short-term, mid-term, and long-term vaccine safety can be achieved under such an accelerated schedule, given the myriad vaccine-induced mechanisms that have demonstrated adverse effects based on previous clinical trials and laboratory research. It is uncertain as to whether any of the drugs, vaccines, foods or radiation exposures of our predecessors, which were not tested for transgenerational effects, are adversely affecting human life at present. Of note, the question remains whether humanity is currently willing to pass on potential devastating diseases to future generations due to the present need for the speedy development of a vaccine, bypassing adequate long-term and transgenerational safety testing. The vaccine costs in this discussion are the potential adverse health effects from a cOVId-19 vaccine, particularly for the mid-and long-term. This least vulnerable demographic population would have to bear the brunt of any potential mid-and long-term adverse health impacts that may result from a vaccine inadequately tested for these effects. abstract: In response to the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, and the resulting COVID-19 pandemic, a global competition to develop an anti-COVID-19 vaccine has ensued. The targeted time frame for initial vaccine deployment is late 2020. The present article examines whether short-term, mid-term, and long-term vaccine safety can be achieved under such an accelerated schedule, given the myriad vaccine-induced mechanisms that have demonstrated adverse effects based on previous clinical trials and laboratory research. It presents scientific evidence of potential pitfalls associated with eliminating critical phase II and III clinical trials, and concludes that there is no substitute currently available for long-term human clinical trials to ensure long-term human safety. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33000193/ doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4733 id: cord-308946-5flw7xk4 author: Kreiner, Jenny title: Saposhnikoviae divaricata: a phytochemical, pharmacological, and pharmacokinetic review date: 2017-04-30 words: 4994.0 sentences: 239.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308946-5flw7xk4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308946-5flw7xk4.txt summary: The discourse on the diverse class of chromones and coumarins in SD offers an insight to the pharmacological effects of these bioactive constituents as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, immunoregulatory, antioxidative, and anti-proliferative agents. These chromones are discovered to exhibit strong pharmacological activities in attenuating inflammatory [4] , scavenging free radical [20] , and inhibiting pain [8] in in vitro studies. The anti-nociceptive Anti-inflammatory effects GC, C, MV, and anomalin appear to exert considerable inhibition in major inflammatory pathways, namely nuclear factor (NF)-κB, mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and nitric oxide production. Anti-inflammatory effects of SD chromones were revealed in arthritic rats, including significant decline in the arthritis score for pain and swelling, with a reduction of the inflammatory cytokines levels, although suppression of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α and IL-1β was only observed in rats treated with higher dose of SD [21] . abstract: Abstract Saposhnikoviae divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk (SD) is a traditional Chinese herb commonly used to treat clinical conditions such as rheumatism and allergic rhinitis. This review article evaluates a collection of works on in vitro and biochemical studies of SD. The discourse on the diverse class of chromones and coumarins in SD offers an insight to the pharmacological effects of these bioactive constituents as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, immunoregulatory, antioxidative, and anti-proliferative agents. It is highlighted that there is a structural relationship between the constituents and bioactive activities, which in effect provides a valid reasoning and reaffirm the use of SD in the treatment of the pathologies in Chinese medicine. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875536417300420 doi: 10.1016/s1875-5364(17)30042-0 id: cord-322279-6ffnejwj author: Kwon, Seungwon title: Could herbal medicine (Soshihotang) be a new treatment option for COVID-19?: A Narrative Review date: 2020-07-17 words: 4609.0 sentences: 259.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322279-6ffnejwj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322279-6ffnejwj.txt summary: 10 In this short narrative review, we will discuss the current clinical use and antiviral effects of Soshihotang (SSHT, Xiao Chai Hu Tang in Chinese, Shosaikoto in Japanese), which has been used in the past mainly for infectious diseases with chronic progression. Based on the search results, we summarized the following items in the form of a narrative review; i) indications of SSHT in classical medicine and in symptoms of COVID-19, ii) utilization status and clinical evidence of SSHT in infectious diseases, especially viral diseases, iii) antiviral effect of SSHT in experimental studies, iv) potential role of SSHT in repurposing J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f the treatment of COVID-19, v) SSHT variants that can be used according to various clinical symptoms, and vi) cautions when using SSHT. abstract: BACKGROUND: While the world struggles under the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a variety of antiviral agents and symptomatic treatments are being administered to patients and urgent clinical trials are underway. Under these circumstances, it is important to explore various possibilities for the treatment of COVID-19 including herbal medicines. Among various herbal medicines, Soshihotang (SSHT,Xiao Chai Hu Tang in Chinese) has been prescribed to treat various viral diseases and is used in combination with other herbal medicines depending on the patient’s symptoms. METHODS: For conducting the present review, we searched electronic databases focusing on the antiviral effect of SSHT in experimental and clinical study until April 2020. The search keywords included SSHT, constituents of SSHT, and antiviral effect. We also searched for materials related to topic directly from websites and published books. Based on these search results, we summarized the results of the included materials in the form of a narrative review. RESULTS: In a number of recent clinical studies, treatment with SSHT improved the infection status of the respiratory and hepatobiliary systems, and experimental studies demonstrated the antiviral effect of SSHT and its components. Furthermore, SSHT are being used in China—where COVID-19 outbreak first took place—and offer a new option to treat COVID-19. CONCLUSION: Based on the present evidences, it is believed that SSHT is likely to be a new therapeutic option for COVID-19. Conducting further studies might provide improved understanding regarding the use of SSHT in treating COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imr.2020.100480 doi: 10.1016/j.imr.2020.100480 id: cord-013138-4e9vo0xr author: Lang-Illievich, Kordula title: The Effect of Low-Level Light Therapy on Capsaicin-Induced Peripheral and Central Sensitization in Healthy Volunteers: A Double-Blinded, Randomized, Sham-Controlled Trial date: 2020-10-10 words: 3990.0 sentences: 240.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-013138-4e9vo0xr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-013138-4e9vo0xr.txt summary: title: The Effect of Low-Level Light Therapy on Capsaicin-Induced Peripheral and Central Sensitization in Healthy Volunteers: A Double-Blinded, Randomized, Sham-Controlled Trial INTRODUCTION: Several clinical trials have demonstrated that low-level light therapy (LLLT), a method of photobiomodulation, is an effective analgetic treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of low-level light therapy on primary and secondary hyperalgesia in a human pain model. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that low-level light therapy is effective at reducing the heat and mechanical pain threshold in a human pain model, pointing to a significant modulating effect on peripheral and central sensitization. To provide an answer to these questions, we use a human pain model developed to mimic different aspects of clinical pain and to study pain mechanisms in order to examine whether peripheral or central mechanisms contribute to the analgetic effect of LLLT. abstract: INTRODUCTION: Several clinical trials have demonstrated that low-level light therapy (LLLT), a method of photobiomodulation, is an effective analgetic treatment. However, the mechanism of action has not yet been finally clarified. In particular, unanswered questions include whether it only affects peripheral or whether it also affects the spinal or supraspinal level. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of low-level light therapy on primary and secondary hyperalgesia in a human pain model. METHODS: This study was planned as a randomized, sham-controlled, and double-blinded trial with repeated measures within subject design. Capsaicin was applied on both forearms of ten healthy volunteers to induce peripheral and central sensitization. One forearm was treated with low-level light therapy; the other served as sham control. RESULTS: Low-level light therapy significantly increased the mechanical pain threshold, heat pain threshold, and decreased pain intensity. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that low-level light therapy is effective at reducing the heat and mechanical pain threshold in a human pain model, pointing to a significant modulating effect on peripheral and central sensitization. These effects—especially in the absence of reported side effects—make low-level light therapy a promising tool in pain management. The application of low-level light therapy to treat chronic pain should be considered for further clinical trials. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7547817/ doi: 10.1007/s40122-020-00205-0 id: cord-272465-i2l4cq8h author: Law, Betty Yuen Kwan title: New Potential Pharmacological Functions of Chinese Herbal Medicines via Regulation of Autophagy date: 2016-03-17 words: 16326.0 sentences: 893.0 pages: flesch: 31.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272465-i2l4cq8h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272465-i2l4cq8h.txt summary: Hinders α-synuclein accumulation in neural cells and suppression of the proliferation of glioma cells through induction of autophagy [162, 163] Radix salviae miltiorrhizae (Dan shen) Moves blood, breaks up blood stasis, cools heat, cools blood Tanshinone IIA Induction of autophagic cell death of leukemia via activation of AMPK/mTOR, ERK/mTOR and p70 S6K signaling [164] Ligusticum wallichii (Chuan xiong) Moves blood, moves and regulates qi, dispels wind Ligustrazine Akebia saponin PA (AS) is one of the bioactive components found in Radix dipsaci, AS induced autophagic and apoptotic cell death of gastric cancer cells through both the AMPK/mTOR and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling and the downstream activation of p38/JNK molecular pathway, which facilitated capase-3-dependent apoptosis [147] . However, alisol B has been reported as a new autophagy inducer functioning through activation of CaMKK/AMPK/mTOR signaling, induction of apoptosis and triggering of cell death in breast cancer cells [156] . Gambogic acid induced oxidative stress dependent caspase activation regulates both apoptosis and autophagy by targeting various key molecules (Nf-κB, Beclin-1, p62 and NBR1) in human bladder cancer cells abstract: Autophagy is a universal catabolic cellular process for quality control of cytoplasm and maintenance of cellular homeostasis upon nutrient deprivation and environmental stimulus. It involves the lysosomal degradation of cellular components such as misfolded proteins or damaged organelles. Defects in autophagy are implicated in the pathogenesis of diseases including cancers, myopathy, neurodegenerations, infections and cardiovascular diseases. In the recent decade, traditional drugs with new clinical applications are not only commonly found in Western medicines, but also highlighted in Chinese herbal medicines (CHM). For instance, pharmacological studies have revealed that active components or fractions from Chaihu (Radix bupleuri), Hu Zhang (Rhizoma polygoni cuspidati), Donglingcao (Rabdosia rubesens), Hou po (Cortex magnoliae officinalis) and Chuan xiong (Rhizoma chuanxiong) modulate cancers, neurodegeneration and cardiovascular disease via autophagy. These findings shed light on the potential new applications and formulation of CHM decoctions via regulation of autophagy. This article reviews the roles of autophagy in the pharmacological actions of CHM and discusses their new potential clinical applications in various human diseases. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26999089/ doi: 10.3390/molecules21030359 id: cord-320591-re99v1qt author: Le, Thanh Ninh title: Bioactive Compounds and Bioactivities of Brassica oleracea L. var. Italica Sprouts and Microgreens: An Updated Overview from a Nutraceutical Perspective date: 2020-07-27 words: 8182.0 sentences: 395.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320591-re99v1qt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320591-re99v1qt.txt summary: Particularly, these studies mostly focused on the antioxidant and anticancer activities of broccoli sprouts and microgreens owing to the functions of glucosinolates and phenolic compounds (Tables 4 and 5 ). Particularly, these studies mostly focused on the antioxidant and anticancer activities of broccoli sprouts and microgreens owing to the functions of glucosinolates and phenolic compounds (Tables 4 and 5 ). In summary, previous studies showed that broccoli sprout extracts rich in vitamins, carotenoids, and phenolic compounds showed very high antioxidant activity in both in vitro and in vivo tests (Table 4) . Moreover, the previous studies have focused on several biological activities of broccoli seedlings, such as antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory, as well as the potentially beneficial effects for patients with cancers, diabetes, and obesity. abstract: Sprouts and microgreens, the edible seedlings of vegetables and herbs, have received increasing attention in recent years and are considered as functional foods or superfoods owing to their valuable health-promoting properties. In particular, the seedlings of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. Italica) have been highly prized for their substantial amount of bioactive constituents, including glucosinolates, phenolic compounds, vitamins, and essential minerals. These secondary metabolites are positively associated with potential health benefits. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that broccoli seedlings possess various biological properties, including antioxidant, anticancer, anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity and antidiabetic activities. The present review summarizes the updated knowledge about bioactive compounds and bioactivities of these broccoli products and discusses the relevant mechanisms of action. This review will serve as a potential reference for food selections of consumers and applications in functional food and nutraceutical industries. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32727144/ doi: 10.3390/plants9080946 id: cord-327045-hn8pmcto author: Li, Yao title: Quercetin, Inflammation and Immunity date: 2016-03-15 words: 5360.0 sentences: 292.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327045-hn8pmcto.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327045-hn8pmcto.txt summary: In vitro and some animal models have shown that quercetin, a polyphenol derived from plants, has a wide range of biological actions including anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities; as well as attenuating lipid peroxidation, platelet aggregation and capillary permeability. A study demonstrates that quercetin has a direct regulatory effect on basic functional properties of immune cells which may be mediated by the extracellular regulated kinase 2 (Erk2) mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signal pathway in human mitogen-activated PBMC and purified T lymphocytes [54] . Quercetin most likely universally suppresses the accumulation and activation of immune cells, including anti-inflammatory cells, whereas it specifically increased gene expression associated with mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in Western diet-induced obese mice. showed that a supplement of 1000 mg of quercetin alone three weeks before, during and two weeks after a three-day period of 3 h of cycling in the winter resulted in a markedly lower incidence of URTI in well-trained subjects in the two weeks after the intensified training, but had no effect on exercise-induced immune dysfunction, inflammation and oxidative stress [76] . abstract: In vitro and some animal models have shown that quercetin, a polyphenol derived from plants, has a wide range of biological actions including anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities; as well as attenuating lipid peroxidation, platelet aggregation and capillary permeability. This review focuses on the physicochemical properties, dietary sources, absorption, bioavailability and metabolism of quercetin, especially main effects of quercetin on inflammation and immune function. According to the results obtained both in vitro and in vivo, good perspectives have been opened for quercetin. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to better characterize the mechanisms of action underlying the beneficial effects of quercetin on inflammation and immunity. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8030167 doi: 10.3390/nu8030167 id: cord-325779-pxnl4wgc author: Liang, Yu-lei title: Thoughts on the effects of moxa smoke in the epidemic prevention: 关于艾烟防疫作用的思考 date: 2020-07-17 words: 2557.0 sentences: 129.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325779-pxnl4wgc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325779-pxnl4wgc.txt summary: Through summarizing and analyzing the modern mechanism researches and controversial questions of moxibustion fumigation in the epidemic prevention, the thoughts on tackling the critical points are proposed in the paper, such as the recognition of moxa smoke in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the mechanism of moxa smoke in air disinfection and the characteristics of clinical application of moxa smoke so as to provide the references to the prevention and control of COVID-19 in TCM. The author was intended to propose some approaches to moxibustion in the battle against corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19) by analyzing the mechanism of moxa fumigation in the epidemic prevention and the related controversial issues. In modern researches, the role of essential oil in Folium Artemisiae Argyi has been briefly classified as the function of moxa smoke [31] , resulting in unclear effect and application and inducing some safety controversy of toxic side reactions. abstract: Through summarizing and analyzing the modern mechanism researches and controversial questions of moxibustion fumigation in the epidemic prevention, the thoughts on tackling the critical points are proposed in the paper, such as the recognition of moxa smoke in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the mechanism of moxa smoke in air disinfection and the characteristics of clinical application of moxa smoke so as to provide the references to the prevention and control of COVID-19 in TCM. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32837107/ doi: 10.1016/j.wjam.2020.07.006 id: cord-017504-rtg7fs82 author: Lim, T. K. title: Punica granatum date: 2012-11-03 words: 31236.0 sentences: 1613.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-017504-rtg7fs82.txt txt: ./txt/cord-017504-rtg7fs82.txt summary: The results suggested that the aril juice the major and tasty part of pomegranate fruit, did not contain ellagic acid and punicalagin (i.e. the polyphenols highly represented in the rind which appeared to be responsible for the antioxidant capacity) in amounts suf fi cient to exert cytoprotection in oxidatively injured, living cells. After consumption of pomegranate juice, fruit peel, aril and fl ower extracts the atherosclerotic lesion area in atherosclerotic apolipoprotein e-de fi cient (E 0) mice was signi fi cantly decreased by 44, 38, 39, 6, or 70%, respectively, as compared to placebo-treated group, while pomegranate seed oil had no effect. Further in-vitro studies showed that Punica granatum fl ower extract and its components oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, and gallic acid inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced NF-kappaB activation in macrophages. In-vitro studies using normal human epidermal keratinocytes, showed that pre-treatment with pomegranate fruit extract rich in anthocyannins and hydrolyzable tannins protected against the adverse effects of UV-B radiation by inhibiting UV-B-induced modulations of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathways (Afaq et al. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7122081/ doi: 10.1007/978-94-007-5653-3_10 id: cord-301539-9acp0m33 author: Lin, Chih-Yin title: Potential Role of Nrf2 Activators with Dual Antiviral and Anti-Inflammatory Properties in the Management of Viral Pneumonia date: 2020-06-11 words: 2413.0 sentences: 161.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301539-9acp0m33.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301539-9acp0m33.txt summary: title: Potential Role of Nrf2 Activators with Dual Antiviral and Anti-Inflammatory Properties in the Management of Viral Pneumonia In an in vitro study of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-1), several compounds with antiviral activity, including diterpenes, sesquiterpenes, lupane-type triterpenes, lignoids, and curcumin were identified. These groups of plantderived chemicals and their analogs might provide a class of drugs that possesses both antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties and might help tackle the pathophysiological changes in viral pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Another Nrf2 activator named sulforaphane was also studied for its antiviral capacity, and could suppress respiratory viruses, such as RSV 22 and influenza virus. Curcumin modulates the inflammatory response and inhibits subsequent fibrosis in a mouse model of viral-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome Curcumin alleviates macrophage activation and lung inflammation induced by influenza virus infection through inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. Sulforaphane exerts anti-inflammatory effects against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice through the Nrf2/ARE pathway abstract: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has already caused a huge burden to the global healthcare system, with the death toll reached tens of thousands. Although some antiviral agents were identified and used to inhibit viral replication, the management of cytokine storm is also a critical issue. In this article, we reviewed the literature on drug candidates for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-1) and provided a brief overview of a class of drugs that exert antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects. These molecules mitigated inflammatory cytokine cascades induced by viral infections via Nrf2 activating capacity and might have additional anti-fibrotic and anti-remodeling properties. Besides, their effects on the regulation of scavenger receptors expression by macrophages may offer some benefits to the pulmonary antibacterial defense system after viral infection. The potential roles of these agents assessed on the basis of the pathophysiology of viral pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome were also discussed. Further research is needed to ascertain whether Nrf2 activators are useful in the management of viral pneumonia. url: https://doi.org/10.2147/idr.s256773 doi: 10.2147/idr.s256773 id: cord-024629-5q7abusm author: Luna, Beatriz title: Considerations when Characterizing Adolescent Neurocognitive Development date: 2020-05-11 words: 1273.0 sentences: 61.0 pages: flesch: 19.0 cache: ./cache/cord-024629-5q7abusm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-024629-5q7abusm.txt summary: A growing number of large-scale Big Data collection efforts, in both the US (e.g., Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (PNC); Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics (PING) study; National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA); Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study; Lifespan Human Connectome Project Development (HCP-D)) and Europe (e.g., NeuroScience in Psychiatry Network (NSPN), Braintime; Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (LCBC)), as well as multi-site aggregation of existing data (e.g., Enigma Consortium)) have the potential, for the first time, to provide a rigorous understanding of the replicability and effect sizes of various developmental neuroimaging outcomes. These approaches have many key advantages, including flexible and quantitatively-defined functional forms and permit the examination of age-periods of significant change (4), which can delineate plasticity and growth that can inform predictive models for risk for psychopathology (5) and opportunities for effective interventions, though they often require very large sample sizes. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7211721/ doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.04.026 id: cord-299424-qy3lccjq author: MUBAGWA, Kanigula title: Chloroquine cardiac effects and toxicity.A short update. date: 2020-06-19 words: 8955.0 sentences: 464.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299424-qy3lccjq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299424-qy3lccjq.txt summary: -The mechanisms underlying cardiac chloroquine effects include direct actions on ion channels and receptors, while others involve an inhibition of autophagy. Functional changes in remodeled myocardium include modifications in the electrical properties (called electrical remodeling), as a result of altered expression of ion channels (e.g., Kir K + channels, L-type Ca 2+ channels, connexins, ryanodine receptors, etc.), transporters (e.g., Na + -Ca 2+ -and exchangers, sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPases, etc.) and other proteins, which impact on the action potential and its conduction within the cardiac tissue, on the excitation-contraction coupling, and on the contractile properties. I K-ATP inhibition in cardiac myocytes occurred at micromolar concentrations (IC 50 : 0.5 µM), indicating that chloroquine at therapeutic doses could also act on the heart through mechanisms involving ATP-sensitive channels, e.g. to antagonize fibrillation following action potential shortening and inhomogeneity during ischemia. The mechanisms underlying chloroquine effects include direct actions on ion channels and receptors, while others (especially a cardiomyopathy developing following long-term treatment) involve the inhibition of autophagy. abstract: There is currently an increased interest in using the antimalarials chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of other diseases, including cancer and viral infections such as COVID-19. However, risks of cardiotoxic effects tend to limit their use. The effects of these drugs on the electrical and mechanical activities of the heart, as well as on the remodeling of the cardiac tissue are presented, and the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms discussed. The drugs can have proarrhythmic as well as antiarrhythmic actions, resulting from their inhibition of ion channels, including voltage-dependent Na(+) and Ca(2+) channels, background and voltage-dependent K(+) channels, and pacemaker channels. The drugs also exert a vagolytic effect, due at least in part to a muscarinic receptor antagonist action. They also interfere with the normal autophagy flux, an effect which could aggravate ischemia/reperfusion injury or post-infarct remodeling. Most of the toxic effects occur at high concentrations, following prolonged drug administration or in the context of drug associations. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0924857920302272 doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106057 id: cord-025170-dtbm4ue1 author: Malbrain, Manu L. N. G. title: Intravenous fluid therapy in the perioperative and critical care setting: Executive summary of the International Fluid Academy (IFA) date: 2020-05-24 words: 9180.0 sentences: 454.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-025170-dtbm4ue1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-025170-dtbm4ue1.txt summary: Resuscitation fluids are used to correct an intravascular volume deficit or acute hypovolemia; replacement solutions are prescribed to correct existing or developing deficits that cannot be compensated by oral intake alone [6] ; maintenance solutions are indicated in hemodynamically stable patients that are not able/allowed to drink water in order to cover their daily requirements of water and electrolytes [10, 11] . Despite the unexpectedly low volume of crystalloids, the authors found a small difference in the primary outcome, i.e., the incidence of major adverse kidney events within 30 days (composite of death, new renal replacement therapy or persistent renal dysfunction) in favor of balance solutions. Effect of a buffered crystalloid solution vs saline on acute kidney injury among patients in the intensive care unit: The SPLIT randomized clinical trial Effects of fluid resuscitation with colloids vs crystalloids on mortality in critically ill patients presenting with hypovolemic shock: the CRISTAL randomized trial abstract: Intravenous fluid administration should be considered as any other pharmacological prescription. There are three main indications: resuscitation, replacement, and maintenance. Moreover, the impact of fluid administration as drug diluent or to preserve catheter patency, i.e., fluid creep, should also be considered. As for antibiotics, intravenous fluid administration should follow the four Ds: drug, dosing, duration, de-escalation. Among crystalloids, balanced solutions limit acid–base alterations and chloride load and should be preferred, as this likely prevents renal dysfunction. Among colloids, albumin, the only available natural colloid, may have beneficial effects. The last decade has seen growing interest in the potential harms related to fluid overloading. In the perioperative setting, appropriate fluid management that maintains adequate organ perfusion while limiting fluid administration should represent the standard of care. Protocols including a restrictive continuous fluid administration alongside bolus administration to achieve hemodynamic targets have been proposed. A similar approach should be considered also for critically ill patients, in whom increased endothelial permeability makes this strategy more relevant. Active de-escalation protocols may be necessary in a later phase. The R.O.S.E. conceptual model (Resuscitation, Optimization, Stabilization, Evacuation) summarizes accurately a dynamic approach to fluid therapy, maximizing benefits and minimizing harms. Even in specific categories of critically ill patients, i.e., with trauma or burns, fluid therapy should be carefully applied, considering the importance of their specific aims; maintaining peripheral oxygen delivery, while avoiding the consequences of fluid overload. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7245999/ doi: 10.1186/s13613-020-00679-3 id: cord-033334-p7szd86k author: Mann, Jaclyn Kelly title: The potential of lactoferrin, ovotransferrin and lysozyme as antiviral and immune-modulating agents in COVID-19 date: 2020-10-08 words: 7284.0 sentences: 366.0 pages: flesch: 33.0 cache: ./cache/cord-033334-p7szd86k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-033334-p7szd86k.txt summary: Enhanced phagocytic activity as well as cytokine production of macrophages Enhanced intestinal immune responses: dendritic cell maturation, Th1/Th2 balance restored and humoral immunity promoted [77, 78] Peptides Anti-inflammatory Downregulates IL-6 and TNF-␣ and myeloperoxidase activity in peritonitis Binds to angiotensin II receptor type 1 to inhibit angiotensin II pro-inflammatory activity ACE inhibitory activity (antihypertensive) [79] [80] [81] [82] Intact Iron-binding activity* Sequestering free iron [83] Intact and peptides Antioxidant* Sequestering free iron Free radical scavenging [79, 84] Lysozyme Intact and peptides Antiviral Inhibits viral entry by binding to cell receptors or virus -cationic and hydrophobic nature is required rather than enzymatic activity Binds nucleic acids Inhibits virus-induced cell fusion Affects cell signaling, including NF-B pathway, to influence susceptibility to infection [85] [86] [87] [88] Intact and/or peptides Antibacterial Hydrolyzes cell wall of gram-positive bacteria (enzyme activity) Insert into and form pores in negatively charged bacterial membranes [40] † Specific anticoronavirus activity has been demonstrated: inhibits SARS-CoV cell entry by binding to HSPGs; inhibits entry and postentry steps of SARS-CoV-2 replication and elevates interferon-stimulated genes in SARS-CoV-2-infected cells. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is spreading rapidly with no established effective treatments. While most cases are mild, others experience uncontrolled inflammatory responses with oxidative stress, dysregulation of iron and coagulation as features. Lactoferrin, ovotransferrin and lysozyme are abundant, safe antimicrobials that have wide antiviral as well as immunomodulatory properties. In particular, lactoferrin restores iron homeostasis and inhibits replication of SARS-CoV, which is closely related to SARS-CoV-2. Ovotransferrin has antiviral peptides and activities that are shared with lactoferrin. Both lactoferrin and lysozyme are ‘immune sensing’ as they may stimulate immune responses or resolve inflammation. Mechanisms by which these antimicrobials may treat or prevent COVID-19, as well as sources and forms of these, are reviewed. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7543043/ doi: 10.2217/fvl-2020-0170 id: cord-253000-nwbmxepi author: Margină, Denisa title: Chronic Inflammation in the Context of Everyday Life: Dietary Changes as Mitigating Factors date: 2020-06-10 words: 8273.0 sentences: 424.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253000-nwbmxepi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253000-nwbmxepi.txt summary: Fasting in combination with calorie restriction modulates molecular mechanisms such as m-TOR, FOXO, NRF2, AMPK, and sirtuins, ultimately leads to significantly reduced inflammatory marker levels, as well as improved metabolic markers. It has been found that intermittent fasting can prevent and reverse all aspects of metabolic syndrome in rodents: body fat, inflammation, and blood pressure are reduced; insulin sensitivity is increased; and the functional capacity of the neuromuscular and cardiovascular systems are improved [151] [152] [153] . In another study, which used the same fasting guidelines, improved metabolic markers were observed after periodic fasting, including a decrease in blood glucose levels associated with changes in gut microbiome composition [73] . These changes include increased fiber and polyphenol intake compared to the current western diets, but also well-structured, personalized fasting protocols, which can reduce the risk of metabolic disorders (Figure 3) . abstract: The lifestyle adopted by most people in Western societies has an important impact on the propensity to metabolic disorders (e.g., diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases). This is often accompanied by chronic low-grade inflammation, driven by the activation of various molecular pathways such as STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3), IKK (IκB kinase), MMP9 (matrix metallopeptidase 9), MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinases), COX2 (cyclooxigenase 2), and NF-Kβ (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells). Multiple intervention studies have demonstrated that lifestyle changes can lead to reduced inflammation and improved health. This can be linked to the concept of real-life risk simulation, since humans are continuously exposed to dietary factors in small doses and complex combinations (e.g., polyphenols, fibers, polyunsaturated fatty acids, etc.). Inflammation biomarkers improve in patients who consume a certain amount of fiber per day; some even losing weight. Fasting in combination with calorie restriction modulates molecular mechanisms such as m-TOR, FOXO, NRF2, AMPK, and sirtuins, ultimately leads to significantly reduced inflammatory marker levels, as well as improved metabolic markers. Moving toward healthier dietary habits at the individual level and in publicly-funded institutions, such as schools or hospitals, could help improving public health, reducing healthcare costs and improving community resilience to epidemics (such as COVID-19), which predominantly affects individuals with metabolic diseases. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32531935/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17114135 id: cord-259744-r9j5yzfc author: McDonagh, Phillip title: Identification and characterisation of small molecule inhibitors of feline coronavirus replication date: 2014-12-05 words: 5636.0 sentences: 258.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259744-r9j5yzfc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259744-r9j5yzfc.txt summary: Plaque reduction and virus yield reduction assays were performed to confirm antiviral effects of candidate compounds identified during screening, and the possible antiviral mechanisms of action of these compounds were investigated using virucidal suspension assays and CPE inhibition and IFA-based time of addition assays. Plaque reduction and virus yield reduction assays were performed to confirm antiviral effects of candidate compounds identified during screening, and the possible antiviral mechanisms of action of these compounds were investigated using virucidal suspension assays and CPE inhibition and IFA-based time of addition assays. This study identifies three compounds (chloroquine, mefloquine, and hexamethylene amiloride) demonstrating a marked inhibitory effect on FCoV replication in vitro by significant reductions in virus induced CPE and viral titres at low micromolar concentrations when present during the early stages of viral replication. This study has identified three compounds demonstrating marked in vitro inhibition of FCoV in an immortalised cell line at low micromolar concentrations, including the first demonstration of antiviral effects of mefloquine against a coronavirus. abstract: Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), a feline coronavirus (FCoV) induced disease, is almost invariably fatal with median life expectancy measured in days. Current treatment options are, at best, palliative. The objectives of this study were to evaluate a panel of nineteen candidate compounds for antiviral activity against FCoV in vitro to determine viable candidates for therapy. A resazurin-based cytopathic effect inhibition assay, which detects viable cells through their reduction of the substrate resazurin to fluorescent resorufin, was developed for screening compounds for antiviral efficacy against FCoV. Plaque reduction and virus yield reduction assays were performed to confirm antiviral effects of candidate compounds identified during screening, and the possible antiviral mechanisms of action of these compounds were investigated using virucidal suspension assays and CPE inhibition and IFA-based time of addition assays. Three compounds, chloroquine, mefloquine, and hexamethylene amiloride demonstrated marked inhibition of virus induced CPE at low micromolar concentrations. Orthogonal assays confirmed inhibition of CPE was associated with significant reductions in viral replication. Selectivity indices calculated based on in vitro cytotoxicity screening and reductions in extracellular viral titre were 217, 24, and 20 for chloroquine, mefloquine, and hexamethylene amiloride respectively. Preliminary experiments performed to inform the antiviral mechanism of the compounds demonstrated all three acted at an early stage of viral replication. These results suggest that these direct acting antiviral compounds, or their derivatives, warrant further investigation for clinical use in cats with FIP. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378113514005082 doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.10.030 id: cord-271785-vmnc8yg6 author: Minetti, Giampaolo title: Mevalonate pathway, selenoproteins, redox balance, immune system, Covid-19: Reasoning about connections date: 2020-07-21 words: 2551.0 sentences: 137.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271785-vmnc8yg6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271785-vmnc8yg6.txt summary: As competitive inhibitors of HMG-CoA-reductase, the key enzyme of the "mevalonate pathway" through which essential compounds, not only cholesterol, are synthesized, statins decrease the levels of cholesterol, and thus LDLs, as an innate defense mechanism, with controversial results in decreasing mortality from cardiovascular disease. In the attempt to decipher the enigma of SARS-CoV-2 infectivology, the hypothesis should be tested whether the population of subjects who succumbed to Covid-19 may have developed a compromised immunity at sub-clinical levels and have become more susceptible to fatal consequences from SARS-Cov-2 infection due to statin therapy. Statins are cholesterol-lowering drugs that act as competitive inhibitors of the enzyme -Hydroxy--Methyl-Glutaryl-Coenzyme-A (HMG-CoA)-reductase, the key enzyme of the "mevalonate pathway". 27 Thus, subjects with already low LDL levels and possibly weakened leukocyte function because of statin treatment would be even more susceptible to infection and its fatal consequences. abstract: It has been proposed that a degraded immune system is (one of) the condition(s) that predispose certain subjects to fatal consequences from infection by SARS-CoV-2. It is unknown whether therapeutic regimens to which these patients may have been subjected to in the months/years preceding the infection could be immunocompromising. Statins are among the most widely prescribed cholesterol-lowering drugs. As competitive inhibitors of HMG-CoA-reductase, the key enzyme of the “mevalonate pathway” through which essential compounds, not only cholesterol, are synthesized, statins decrease the levels of cholesterol, and thus LDLs, as an innate defense mechanism, with controversial results in decreasing mortality from cardiovascular disease. Moreover, statins have pleiotropic, mostly deleterious effects on many cell types, including immune cells. In the attempt to decipher the enigma of SARS-CoV-2 infectivology, the hypothesis should be tested whether the population of subjects who succumbed to Covid-19 may have developed a compromised immunity at sub-clinical levels and have become more susceptible to fatal consequences from SARS-Cov-2 infection due to statin therapy. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32758903/ doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110128 id: cord-323647-q67fa0m3 author: Misra, Durga Prasanna title: Benefits and adverse effects of hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate and colchicine: searching for repurposable drug candidates date: 2020-09-02 words: 6149.0 sentences: 288.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323647-q67fa0m3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323647-q67fa0m3.txt summary: Hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate and colchicine are also being tried at different stages of the ongoing Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic for prophylaxis and treatment. The HIBISCUS multicentre multinational trial is evaluating the effect of HCQ (400 mg daily for the duration of pregnancy) compared to placebo, in addition to standard therapy (i.e. preventative dose of low molecular weight heparin with aspirin), on live births in women with primary APS. A related study, the HIBISCUS-T trial, is evaluating the preventative role for recurrent thrombosis in patients with thrombotic APS treated with HCQ or placebo in addition to oral anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists for 24 months [15] . Clinical trials might also attempt to decipher the potential utility of hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate or colchicine for primary prevention of cardiovascular events in a high risk population, such as those with metabolic syndrome and in individuals with inflammatory arthritides which predispose to greater cardiovascular risk. abstract: Repurposing of antirheumatic drugs has garnered global attention. The aim of this article is to overview available evidence on the use of widely used antirheumatic drugs hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate and colchicine for additional indications. Hydroxychloroquine has endothelial stabilizing and anti-thrombotic effects. Its use has been explored as an adjunctive therapy in refractory thrombosis in antiphospholipid syndrome. It may also prevent recurrent pregnancy losses in the absence of antiphospholipid antibodies. Hydroxychloroquine favourably modulates atherogenic lipid and glycaemic profiles. Methotrexate has been tried for modulation of cardiovascular events in non-rheumatic clinical conditions, although a large clinical trial failed to demonstrate a benefit. Colchicine has been shown to successfully reduce the risk of recurrent cardiovascular events in a large multicentric trial. Potential antifibrotic effects of colchicine require further exploration. Hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate and colchicine are also being tried at different stages of the ongoing Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic for prophylaxis and treatment. While the use of these agents is being diversified, their adverse effects should be timely diagnosed and prevented. Hydroxychloroquine can cause retinopathy and rarely cardiac and auditory toxicity, retinopathy being dose and time dependent. Methotrexate can cause transaminitis, cytopenias and renal failure, particularly in acute overdoses. Colchicine can rarely cause myopathies, cardiomyopathy, cytopenias and transaminitis. Strong evidence is warranted to keep balance between benefits of repurposing these old antirheumatic drugs and risk of their adverse effects. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-020-04694-2 doi: 10.1007/s00296-020-04694-2 id: cord-017148-o9qg2qta author: Mocchegiani, Eugenio title: Role of Zinc and Selenium in Oxidative Stress and Immunosenescence: Implications for Healthy Aging and Longevity date: 2019-04-11 words: 14893.0 sentences: 679.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-017148-o9qg2qta.txt txt: ./txt/cord-017148-o9qg2qta.txt summary: These two trace elements display a common pivotal role in establishing the cellular antioxidant response as well as in mounting a proper immune response, which in turn may be useful to prevent excessive accumulation of senescent cells in aging and to reduce the senescence-associated increase of chronic inflammatory mediators. Old literature documented that zinc supplementation performed throughout the whole life span of rodents is able to delay some age-related cell-mediated immune modifications, such as the decreased circulating thymic hormone levels (Iwata et al. Dietary zinc and selenium are important nutritional factors for the immune response in protecting against the appearance of age-related diseases. These findings suggest that low dose supplementation of zinc and selenium provides significant improvement in elderly patients by increasing the humoral response after vaccination and decreased influenza compliances (respiratory tract infections) with thus a possible impact on the maintenance of health conditions during aging. abstract: Aging is a complex process that includes gradual and spontaneous biochemical and physiological changes which contributes to a decline in performance and increased susceptibility to diseases. Zn and Se are essential trace elements that play a pivotal role in immune functions and antioxidant defense and, consequently, are claimed to play also a role in successful aging trajectories. Consistently with their nature of essential trace elements, a plethora of data obtained “in vitro” and “in vivo” (in humans and animal models) support the relevance of Zn and Se for both the innate and adoptive immune response. Moreover, Zn and Se are strictly involved in the synthesis and regulation of activity of proteins and enzymes, e.g., metallothioneins (MT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), that are necessary for our endogenous antioxidant response. This is clearly important to protect our cells from oxidative damage and to slow the decline of our immune system with aging. Age-related changes affecting tissue levels of Zn and Se may indicate that the risk of Zn and Se deficiency increases with aging. However, it is still unclear which of these changes can be the consequence of a “real deficiency” and which can be part of our physiological compensatory response to the accumulating damage occurring in aging. Furthermore, the upregulation of antioxidant proteins (Zn and Se dependent) may be a manifestation of self-induced oxidative stress. By the way, Zn and Se dependent proteins are modulated not only by nutritional status, but also by well-known hallmarks of aging that play antagonistic functions, such as the deregulated nutrient sensing pathways and cellular senescence. Thus, it is not an easy task to conduct Zn or Se supplementation in elderly and it is emerging consistent that these kind of supplementation requires an individualized approach. Anyway, there is consistent support that supplementation with Zn using doses around 10 mg/day is generally safe in elderly and may even improve part of immune performances in those subjects with a baseline deficiency. Regarding Se supplementation, it may induce both beneficial and detrimental effects on cellular immunity depending on the form of Se, supplemental dose, and delivery matrix. The nutritional association of supplements based on “Zn plus Se” is hypothesized to provide additional benefits, but this will likely need a more complex individualized approach. The improvement of our knowledge around screening and detection of Zn and Se deficiency in aging could lead to substantial benefits in terms of efficacy of nutritional supplements aimed at ameliorate performance and health in aging. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7121636/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-99375-1_66 id: cord-017916-wh708hes author: Mocchegiani, Eugenio title: Role of Zinc and Selenium in Oxidative Stress and Immunosenescence: Implications for Healthy Ageing and Longevity date: 2008-08-04 words: 12635.0 sentences: 581.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-017916-wh708hes.txt txt: ./txt/cord-017916-wh708hes.txt summary: Some nutritional factors (zinc and selenium) may remodel these changes leading to a possible escaping of diseases with subsequent healthy ageing, because they are especially involved in improving immune functions as well as antioxidant defense. Therefore, the interrelationships between zinc and MT is crucial in maintaining the immune response especially in ageing where the production of proinflammatory cytokines is chronic leading to a constant presence of inflammatory status coupled with low intracellular zinc ion bioavailability (Mocchegiani et al. All these "in vitro" and "in vivo" studies in ageing, some age-related diseases, and syndrome of accelerated ageing (nude mice, nTx mice, Down''s Syndrome) demonstrate the pivotal role played by zinc supplementation in maintaining or improving global immune response and in fighting the oxidative stress, strengthen by findings observed in human centenarians. abstract: Ageing is an inevitable biological process with gradual and spontaneous biochemical and physiological changes and increased susceptibility to diseases. Some nutritional factors (zinc and selenium) may remodel these changes leading to a possible escaping of diseases with subsequent healthy ageing, because they are especially involved in improving immune functions as well as antioxidant defense. Experiments performed “in vitro” (human lymphocytes exposed to endotoxins) and “in vivo” (old mice or young mice fed with low zinc dietary intake) show that zinc is important for immune response both innate and adoptive. Selenium provokes zinc release by Metallothioneins (MT), via reduction of glutathione peroxidase. This fact is crucial in ageing because high MT may be unable to release zinc with subsequent low intracellular free zinc ion availability for immune response. Taking into account the existence of zinc transporters (ZnT and ZIP family) for cellular zinc efflux and influx, respectively, the association between ZnT and MT is important in maintaining satisfactory intracellular zinc homeostasis in ageing. Improved immune performance occur in elderly after physiological zinc supplementation, which also induces prolonged survival in old, nude and neonatal thymectomized mice. The association “zinc plus selenium” improves humoral immunity in old subjects after influenza vaccination. Therefore, zinc and selenium are relevant for immunosenescence in order to achieve healthy ageing and longevity. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7122608/ doi: 10.1007/978-1-4020-9063-9_66 id: cord-009371-ub4p4ngr author: Mollenhauer, Hilton H. title: Alteration of intracellular traffic by monensin; mechanism, specificity and relationship to toxicity date: 1990-05-07 words: 12395.0 sentences: 535.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-009371-ub4p4ngr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-009371-ub4p4ngr.txt summary: abstract: Monensin, a monovalent ion-selective ionophore, facilitates the transmembrane exchange of principally sodium ions for protons. The outer surface of the ionophore-ion comples is composed largely of nonpolar hydrocarbon, which imparts a high solubility to the complexes in nonpolar solvents. In biological systems, these complexes are freely soluble in the lipid components of membranes and, presumably, diffuse or shuttle through the membranes from one aqueous membrane interface to the other. The net effect for monensin is a trans-membrane exchange of sodium ions for protons. However, the interaction of an ionophore with biological membranes, and its ionophoric expression, is highly dependent on the biochemical configuration of the membrane itself. One apparent consequence of this exchange is the neutralization of acidic intracellular compartments such as the trans Golgi apparatus cisternae and associated elements, lysosomes, and certain endosomes. This is accompanied by a disruption of trans Golgi apparatus cisternae and of lysosome and acidic endosome function. At the same time, Golgi apparatus cisternae appear to swell, presumably due to osmotic uptake of water resulting from the inward movement of ions. Monensin effects on Golgi apparatus are observed in cells from a wide range of plant and animal species. The action of monensin is most often exerted on the trans half of the stacked cisternae, often near the point of exit of secretory vesicles at the trans face of the stacked cisternae, or, especially at low monensin concentrations or short exposure times, near the middle of the stacked cisternae. The effects of monensin are quite rapid in both animal and plant cells; i.e., changes in Golgi apparatus may be observed after only 2–5 min of exposure. It is implicit in these observations that the uptake of osmotically active cations is accompanied by a concomitant efflux of H(+) and that a net influx of protons would be required to sustain the ionic exchange long enough to account for the swelling of cisternae observed in electron micrographs. In the Golgi apparatus, late processing events such as terminal glycosylation and proteolytic cleavages are most susceptible to inhibition by monensin. Yet, many incompletely processed molecules may still be secreted via yet poorly understood mechanisms that appear to bypass the Golgi apparatus. In endocytosis, monensin does not prevent internalization. However, intracellular degradation of internalized ligands may be prevented. It is becoming clear that endocytosis involves both acidic and non-acidic compartments and that monensin inhibits those processes that normally occur in acidic compartments. Thus, monensin, which is capable of collapsing Na(+) and H(+) gradients, has gained wide-spread acceptance as a tool for studying Golgi apparatus function and for localizing and identifying the molecular pathways of subcellular vesicular traffic involving acid compartments. Among its advantages are the low concentrations at which inhibitions are produced (0.01–1.0 μM), a minimum of troublesome side effects (e.g., little or no change of protein synthesis or ATP levels) and a reversible action. Because the affinity of monensin for Na(+) is ten times that for K(+), its nearest competitor, monensin mediates primarily a Na(+)-H(+) exchange. Monensin has little tendency to bind calcium. Not only is monensin of importance as an experimental tool, it is of great commercial value as a coccidiostat for poultry and to promote more efficient utilization of feed in cattle. The mechanisms by which monensin interact with coccidia and rumen microflora to achieved these benefits are reasonably well documented. However, the interactions between monensin and the tissues of the host animal are not well understood although the severe toxicological manifestations of monensin poisoning are well known. Equine species are particularly susceptible to monensin poisoning, and a common effect of monensin poisoning is vacuolization and/or swelling of mitochondria in striated muscle. Other pathological injuries to striated muscle, spleen, lung, liver and kidney also have been noted. A consistent observation is cardiac myocyte degeneration as well as vacuolization. Differences in cellular response resulting from exposure to monensin (i.e., Golgi apparatus swelling in cultured cells, isolated tissues, and plants vs.mitochondrial swelling in animals fed monensin) suggest that myocardial damage is due either to a monensin metabolite or is a secondary response to some other derivation. However, as pointed out by Bergen and Bates [26], the underlying mode of action of ionophores is on transmembrane ion fluxes which dissipate cation and proton gradients. Consequently, some or all of the observed monensin effects in vivo in animals could be secondary phenomena caused by disruption of normal membrane physiology resulting from altered ion fluxes. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7148783/ doi: 10.1016/0304-4157(90)90008-z id: cord-268088-y4vg7frb author: Montané, Xavier title: Current Perspectives of the Applications of Polyphenols and Flavonoids in Cancer Therapy date: 2020-07-23 words: 11101.0 sentences: 581.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268088-y4vg7frb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268088-y4vg7frb.txt summary: Among the natural compounds that produce beneficial effects on human health, polyphenols have shown potential therapeutic applications in cancer due to their protective functions in plants, their use as food additives, and their excellent antioxidant properties. This review shows a wide range of trials in which polyphenolic compounds play a crucial role as anticancer medicines alone or in combination with other drugs at different stages of cancer: cancer initiation, promotion, and growth or progression. In point of fact, studies demonstrated that resveratrol has in vitro effects against a large range of human tumors: breast, skin, ovary, stomach, prostate, colon, liver, pancreas, cervix, thyroid carcinoma cells, lymphoid, and myeloid cancer cells [22] . In point of fact, studies demonstrated that resveratrol has in vitro effects against a large range of human tumors: breast, skin, ovary, stomach, prostate, colon, liver, pancreas, cervix, thyroid carcinoma cells, lymphoid, and myeloid cancer cells [22] . abstract: The development of anticancer therapies that involve natural drugs has undergone exponential growth in recent years. Among the natural compounds that produce beneficial effects on human health, polyphenols have shown potential therapeutic applications in cancer due to their protective functions in plants, their use as food additives, and their excellent antioxidant properties. The possibility of combining conventional drugs—which are usually more aggressive than natural compounds—with polyphenols offers very valuable advantages such as the building of more efficient anticancer therapies with less side effects on human health. This review shows a wide range of trials in which polyphenolic compounds play a crucial role as anticancer medicines alone or in combination with other drugs at different stages of cancer: cancer initiation, promotion, and growth or progression. Moreover, the future directions in applications of various polyphenols in cancer therapy are emphasized. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25153342 doi: 10.3390/molecules25153342 id: cord-030027-273pjajl author: Moriconi, Eleonora title: Neuroendocrine and Metabolic Effects of Low-Calorie and Non-Calorie Sweeteners date: 2020-07-16 words: 11337.0 sentences: 568.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-030027-273pjajl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-030027-273pjajl.txt summary: Therefore, future studies will need to elucidate the potential beneficial and/or detrimental effects of different types of sweeteners on metabolic health (energy balance, appetite, body weight, cardiometabolic risk factors) in healthy subjects and patients with diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome. On the basis of the recent findings on the effects of sucralose (129) , the association of non-calorie sweeteners to a very low-carbohydrate nutritional regimen represents a valid approach to prevent the detrimental metabolic effects on insulin sensitivity and the altered neural response to sugars induced by an excessive carbohydrate consumption (Figure 1 ). non-calorie sweeteners) can result in significant beneficial or detrimental effects on energy balance, appetite, body weight, and/or cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy subjects and patients with metabolic diseases (particularly obesity and type 2 diabetes). abstract: Since excessive sugar consumption has been related to the development of chronic metabolic diseases prevalent in the western world, the use of sweeteners has gradually increased worldwide over the last few years. Although low- and non-calorie sweeteners may represent a valuable tool to reduce calorie intake and prevent weight gain, studies investigating the safety and efficacy of these compounds in the short- and long-term period are scarce and controversial. Therefore, future studies will need to elucidate the potential beneficial and/or detrimental effects of different types of sweeteners on metabolic health (energy balance, appetite, body weight, cardiometabolic risk factors) in healthy subjects and patients with diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome. In this regard, the impact of different sweeteners on central nervous system, gut hormones and gut microbiota is important, given the strong implications that changes in such systems may have for human health. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize the current evidence for the neuroendocrine and metabolic effects of sweeteners, as well as their impact on gut microbiota. Finally, we briefly discuss the advantages of the use of sweeteners in the context of very-low calorie ketogenic diets. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7378387/ doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00444 id: cord-298265-elbnzgx6 author: Mutua, Victoria title: A Review of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) in Disease: Potential Anti-NETs Therapeutics date: 2020-08-01 words: 10404.0 sentences: 565.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298265-elbnzgx6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298265-elbnzgx6.txt summary: Studies have demonstrated that circulating neutrophils of RA patients are more easily stimulated to NETosis than those from healthy subjects [73, 74] , and as in other autoimmune conditions, NETs act as a source of extracellular autoantigens leading to excessive innate and adaptive immune responses in the joints and subsequent tissue injury [73, 75] . Inhibits ROS production, prevents thrombus formation [190] [191] [192] [193] [194] [195] Nucleases Recombinant human DNase DNA matrixes Reduces neutrophil infiltration, cleaves DNA matrixes [196] [197] [198] [199] [200] [201] [202] [203] [204] [205] [206] [207] Staphylokinase Plasminogen, alpha-defensins Converting NETs to deoxyadenosine mediating death of immune cells [208] [209] [210] [211] Notable compounds Probiotics PKC pathway run a study to evaluate the effect of inhibition of PAD4 in NETosis using an antagomiR-155, a pleiotropic microRNA important in the regulation of immune responses, demonstrating a decreased induction of PAD4 mRNA and subsequent reduced NETs in response to PMA challenge [13] . abstract: Activated neutrophils release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in response to a variety of stimuli. NETosis is driven by protein-arginine deiminase type 4, with the release of intracellular granule components that function by capturing and destroying microbes, including viral, fungal, bacterial, and protozoal pathogens. The positive effects of pathogen control are countered by pro-inflammatory effects as demonstrated in a variety of diseases. Components of NETS are non-specific, and other than controlling microbes, they cause injury to surrounding tissue by themselves or by increasing the pro-inflammatory response. NETs can play a role in enhancement of the inflammation seen in autoimmune diseases including psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosis. In addition, autoinflammatory diseases such as gout have been associated with NETosis. Inhibition of NETs may decrease the severity of many diseases improving survival. Herein, we describe NETosis in different diseases focusing on the detrimental effect of NETs and outline possible therapeutics that can be used to mitigate netosis. There is a need for more studies and clinical trials on these and other compounds that could prevent or destroy NETs, thereby decreasing damage to patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-020-08804-7 doi: 10.1007/s12016-020-08804-7 id: cord-257197-i9bucuma author: Natarajan, Pavithra title: Understanding the influence of experimental factors on bio-interactions of nanoparticles: Towards improving correlation between in vitro and in vivo studies date: 2020-09-21 words: 6564.0 sentences: 414.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257197-i9bucuma.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257197-i9bucuma.txt summary: This review discusses recent studies that help understand the nano-bio interactions of iron oxide and gold NPs with different surface compositions. 31, 32 The magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (FeONPs), also commonly called superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are used as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 33, 34 , for bio-detection such as tracking the implanted stem cells in vitro 35 , in binding assays and hyperthermia 36, 37 and magnetic field guided drug delivery 21 in cancer treatment. This review also presents recent in vitro and in vivo studies that assess the biosafety/toxicity of NPs and the influence of surface ligands on nano-bio interactions such as uptake and immune response. Effect of cell media on polymer coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs): Colloidal stability, cytotoxicity, and cellular uptake studies abstract: Bionanotechnology has developed rapidly over the past two decades, owing to the extensive and versatile, functionalities and applicability of nanoparticles (NPs). Fifty-one nanomedicines have been approved by FDA since 1995, out of the many NPs based formulations developed to date. The general conformation of NPs consists of a core with ligands coating their surface, that stabilizes them and provides them with added functionalities. The physicochemical properties, especially the surface composition of NPs influence their bio-interactions to a large extent. This review discusses recent studies that help understand the nano-bio interactions of iron oxide and gold NPs with different surface compositions. We discuss the influence of the experimental factors on the outcome of the studies and, thus, the importance of standardization in the field of nanotechnology. Recent studies suggest that with careful selection of experimental parameters, it is possible to improve the positive correlation between in vitro and in vivo studies. This provides a fundamental understanding of the NPs which helps in assessing their potential toxic side effects and may aid in manipulating them further to improve their biocompatibility and biosafety. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32971033/ doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108592 id: cord-339293-7ks3bopm author: Nejatifard, Marzieh title: Probable Positive Effects of the Photobiomodulation as an Adjunctive Treatment in COVID-19: A Systematic Review date: 2020-10-12 words: 4581.0 sentences: 252.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339293-7ks3bopm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339293-7ks3bopm.txt summary: Therefore, this review study was conducted to evaluate the direct effect of PBM on the acute lung inflammation or ARDS and also accelerating the regeneration of the damaged tissues. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the direct effect of the PBM on the acute lung inflammation or ARDS and accelerating the regeneration of the damaged tissue. The included papers were evaluated for the effect of light therapy, PBM, or low -level laser therapy on the lung inflammation, ARDS, lymphocytes, neutrophils, and lung parenchyma. All the studies confirmed that the PBM can reduce the lung inflammation, neutrophil recruitment, and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. All the papers have shown the anti-inflammatory effects of the PBM including reducing the lung edema, cytokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, neutrophil influx, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and damage to the endothelial cytoskeleton. abstract: Background COVID-19, as a newly-emerged viral infection has now spread all over the world after originating in Wuhan, China. Pneumonia is the hallmark of the disease, with dyspnea in half of the patients and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in up to one –third of the cases. Pulmonary edema, neutrophilic infiltration, and inflammatory cytokine release are the pathologic signs of this disease. The anti-inflammatory effect of the photobiomodulation (PBM) has been confirmed in many previous studies. Therefore, this review study was conducted to evaluate the direct effect of PBM on the acute lung inflammation or ARDS and also accelerating the regeneration of the damaged tissues. The indirect effects of PBM on modulation of the immune system, increasing the blood flow and oxygenation in other tissues were also considered. Methodology The databases of PubMed, Cochrane library, and Google Scholar were searched to find the relevant studies. Keywords included the PBM and related terms, lung inflammation, and COVID-19 -related signs. Studies were categorized with respect to the target tissue, laser parameters, and their results. Results Seventeen related papers were included in this review. All of them were in animal models. They showed that the PBM could significantly decrease the pulmonary edema, neutrophil influx, and generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM), reactive oxygen species (ROS), isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2)). Conclusion Our findings revealed that the PBM could be helpful in reducing the lung inflammation and promoting the regeneration of the damaged tissue. PBM can increase the oxygenation indirectly in order to rehabilitate the affected organs. Thus, the infra-red lasers or light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are recommended in this regard. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155312 doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155312 id: cord-009907-4jfr98wl author: Nelson, Randy J. title: Minireview The influence of season, photoperiod, and pineal melatonin on immune function date: 2007-01-30 words: 9969.0 sentences: 590.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-009907-4jfr98wl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-009907-4jfr98wl.txt summary: Short day lengths enhance several aspects of immune function in laboratory studies, and melatonin appears to mediate many of the enhanced immunological effects of photoperiod. Taken together, it appears that seasonal fluctuations in immune parameters, mediated by melatonin, could have profound effects on the etiology and progression of diseases in humans and nonhuman animals. Many other conditions perceived as stressful, such as reduced food availability, low ambient temperatures, overcrowding, lack of shelter, or increased predator pressure, can recur seasonally leading to seasonal fluctuations in immune function among individuals, and seasonal changes in population-wide disease and death rates [Lochmiller et al., 19941. Evidence will be presented that pineal melatonin plays a critical role, both directly and indirectly through its effects on other hormones, in mediating photoperiodic modulation of immune function. Because exposure to short day lengths suppresses circulating prolactin levels, this hormone is a possible candidate for mediating some of the reported seasonal changes in immune function. abstract: Abstract: In addition to the well‐documented seasonal cycles of mating and birth, there are also significant seasonal cycles of illness and death among many animal populations. Challenging winter conditions (i.e., low ambient temperature and decreased food availability) can directly induce death via hypothermia, starvation, or shock. Coping with these challenges can also indirectly increase morbidity and mortality by increasing glucocorticoid secretion, which can compromise immune function. Many environmental challenges are recurrent and thus predictable; animals could enhance survival, and presumably increase fitness, if they could anticipate immunologically challenging conditions in order to cope with these seasonal threats to health. The annual cycle of changing photoperiod provides an accurate indicator of time of year and thus allows immunological adjustments prior to the deterioration of conditions. Pineal melatonin codes day length information. Short day lengths enhance several aspects of immune function in laboratory studies, and melatonin appears to mediate many of the enhanced immunological effects of photoperiod. Generally, field studies report compromised immune function during the short days of autumn and winter. The conflict between laboratory and field data is addressed with a multifactor approach. The evidence for seasonal fluctuations in lymphatic tissue size and structure, as well as immune function and disease processes, is reviewed. The role of pineal melatonin and the hormones regulated by melatonin is discussed from an evolutionary and adaptive functional perspective. Finally, the clinical significance of seasonal fluctuations in immune function is presented. Taken together, it appears that seasonal fluctuations in immune parameters, mediated by melatonin, could have profound effects on the etiology and progression of diseases in humans and nonhuman animals. An adaptive functional perspective is critical to gain insights into the interaction among melatonin, immune function, and disease processes. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7166827/ doi: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.1995.tb00184.x id: cord-260092-pmufsvg9 author: Nieuwland, Mante S. title: Anticipating words during spoken discourse comprehension: A large-scale, pre-registered replication study using brain potentials() date: 2020-09-30 words: 14919.0 sentences: 682.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-260092-pmufsvg9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260092-pmufsvg9.txt summary: For these reasons, researchers typically argue that evidence for lexical prediction is strongest when it is observed before the predicted noun is heard or read, and is obtained by comparing ERPs to words that themselves have little semantic meaning (e.g., the English articles ''a/an'') and/or do not differ in meaning (e.g., the Dutch adjectives ''groot/grote'', which have the same meaning but differ in the presence of the inflectional suffix ''-e'' to mark grammatical gender). In more recent studies on comprehension of written sentences, gender-mismatch on prenominal articles was associated with N400-like effects, i.e. an enhanced negativity in the typical N400 time window (Dutch: Fleur, Flecken, Rommers & Nieuwland, 2020; Otten & Van Berkum, 2009; Spanish: Foucart, Martin, Moreno & Costa, 2014; Martin, Branzi & Bar, 2018; Molinaro, Gianelle, Caffarra & Martin, 2014) , although sometimes with a time course or scalp distribution unlike the typical N400 effects elicited by nouns. abstract: Numerous studies report brain potential evidence for the anticipation of specific words during language comprehension. In the most convincing demonstrations, highly predictable nouns exert an influence on processing even before they appear to a reader or listener, as indicated by the brain’s neural response to a prenominal adjective or article when it mismatches the expectations about the upcoming noun. However, recent studies suggest that some well-known demonstrations of prediction may be hard to replicate. This could signal the use of data-contingent analysis, but might also mean that readers and listeners do not always use prediction-relevant information in the way that psycholinguistic theories typically suggest. To shed light on this issue, we performed a close replication of one of the best-cited ERP studies on word anticipation (Van Berkum, Brown, Zwitserlood, Kooijman & Hagoort, 2005; Experiment 1), in which participants listened to Dutch spoken mini-stories. In the original study, the marking of grammatical gender on pre-nominal adjectives (‘groot/grote’) elicited an early positivity when mismatching the gender of an unseen, highly predictable noun, compared to matching gender. The current pre-registered study involved that same manipulation, but used a novel set of materials twice the size of the original set, an increased sample size (N=187), and Bayesian mixed-effects model analyses that better accounted for known sources of variance than the original. In our study, mismatching gender elicited more negative voltage than matching gender at posterior electrodes. However, this N400-like effect was small in size and lacked support from Bayes Factors. In contrast, we successfully replicated the original’s noun effects. While our results yielded some support for prediction, they do not support the Van Berkum et al. effect and highlight the risks associated with commonly employed data-contingent analyses and small sample sizes. Our results also raise the question whether Dutch listeners reliably or consistently use adjectival inflection information to inform their noun predictions. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33096395/ doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.09.007 id: cord-013176-6ckuya1w author: Ninfali, Paolino title: Antiviral Properties of Flavonoids and Delivery Strategies date: 2020-08-21 words: 8102.0 sentences: 372.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-013176-6ckuya1w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-013176-6ckuya1w.txt summary: Quercetin, extracted from Embelia ribes (Mirsinaceae), exhibited antiviral effects against HCV, exerted through activity inhibition of the viral protease Non-Structural protein 3 (NS3), leading to a decrease in HCV replication [36] . The natural extract of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum (Vitaceae) contains many flavonoids, including vitexin, vitexin-2-O-rhamnoside, isorhamnetin, rutin, kaempferol, astragalin, quercitrin, quercetin and iso-quercetin, which were shown to be able to exert anti-influenza virus activity, with different efficiency, through the reduction of the number of plaques induced by the influenza virus in infected Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells [21] . In future perspective, this approach could be considered in order to possibly improve the antiviral activity of some flavonoids, like baicalin, that was able, like fludarabine [65] , to act against HIV-1 chronic infection of human monocytes and macrophages, inhibiting the fusion of HIV virus envelope proteins with these cells [73] . abstract: This review summarizes the latest advancements in phytochemicals as functional antiviral agents. We focused on flavonoids, like apigenin, vitexin, quercetin, rutin and naringenin, which have shown a wide range of biological effects including antiviral activities. The molecular mechanisms of their antiviral effects mainly consist in the inhibition of viral neuraminidase, proteases and DNA/RNA polymerases, as well as in the modification of various viral proteins. Mixtures of different flavonoids or combination of flavonoids with antiviral synthetic drugs provide an enhancement of their antiviral effects. Recent strategies in drug delivery significantly contribute to overcoming the low bioavailability of flavonoids. Frequent viral infections worldwide have led to the need for new effective antiviral agents, which can be identified among the various phytochemicals. In this light, screening the antiviral activities of a cocktail of flavonoids would be advantageous in order to prevent viral infections and improve current antiviral therapies. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7551920/ doi: 10.3390/nu12092534 id: cord-316992-fe5u2oi0 author: Nirk, Eliise Laura title: Hydroxychloroquine in rheumatic autoimmune disorders and beyond date: 2020-07-26 words: 10114.0 sentences: 464.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316992-fe5u2oi0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316992-fe5u2oi0.txt summary: These effects are achieved through the modulation of the autoimmune response by (i) impairing functions of the endolysosomal system through its lysosomotropic effects (Ziegler & Unanue, 1982; Kaufmann & Krise, 2007; Yoon et al, 2010) , (ii) decreasing the levels of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines (Sperber et al, 1993; Van Den Borne et al, 1997) , (iii) inhibiting T-cell proliferation (Landewe et al, 1995; Costedoat-Chalumeau et al, 2014) , (iv) blocking Tolllike receptors (TLRs) (Kyburz et al, 2006) and (v) autophagy inhibition (An et al, 2017c) . Activation of TLRs, especially in macrophages, monocytes and T helper cells, but also in neutrophils and endothelial cells, induces the production and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, a hallmark of RADs (Beutler & Cerami, 1989 (A) CQ and HCQ are weak bases that accumulate inside acidic subcellular compartments, e.g. endosomes and lysosomes. abstract: Initially used as antimalarial drugs, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and, to a lesser extent, chloroquine (CQ) are currently being used to treat several diseases. Due to its cost‐effectiveness, safety and efficacy, HCQ is especially used in rheumatic autoimmune disorders (RADs), such as systemic lupus erythematosus, primary Sjögren's syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis. Despite this widespread use in the clinic, HCQ molecular modes of action are still not completely understood. By influencing several cellular pathways through different mechanisms, CQ and HCQ inhibit multiple endolysosomal functions, including autophagy, as well as endosomal Toll‐like receptor activation and calcium signalling. These effects alter several aspects of the immune system with the synergistic consequence of reducing pro‐inflammatory cytokine production and release, one of the most marked symptoms of RADs. Here, we review the current knowledge on the molecular modes of action of these drugs and the circumstances under which they trigger side effects. This is of particular importance as the therapeutic use of HCQ is expanding beyond the treatment of malaria and RADs. url: https://doi.org/10.15252/emmm.202012476 doi: 10.15252/emmm.202012476 id: cord-343303-by0b3gy0 author: Nishinari, Katsuyoshi title: Molar mass effect in food and health date: 2020-09-03 words: 21119.0 sentences: 960.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343303-by0b3gy0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343303-by0b3gy0.txt summary: For cellulose derivative compounds with different molar masses 37 but approximately the same degree of substitution, the steady shear viscosity of 2% solutions as a 38 function of shear rate is shown in Fig. 3A . The effect of molar mass of chitosan on the film properties of chitosan (CH) -corn starch (CS) 8 composite (50:50 mixing ratio) was studied using low, medium and high molecular weight (LMW, with HMM CH is approximately the same to that of HMW CS alone (Fig 19A) , values of WVP 15 Effects of injection of high or low molar mass HA to the joint synovial fluid of OA patients 39 were studied, and it was found that higher MW HA decreased some specific protein such as mammary gland branching and 10 kDa HA fragments strongly stimulate branching, but the 15 activity of HA decreases with increasing molecular weight and 500 kDa HA strongly inhibited this 16 morphogenetic process. abstract: It is demanded to supply foods with good quality for all the humans. With the advent of aging society, palatable and healthy foods are required to improve the quality of life and reduce the burden of finance for medical expenditure. Food hydrocolloids can contribute to this demand by versatile functions such as thickening, gelling, stabilising, and emulsifying, controlling texture and flavour release in food processing. Molar mass effects on viscosity and diffusion in liquid foods, and on mechanical and other physical properties of solid and semi-solid foods and films are overviewed. In these functions, the molar mass is one of the key factors, and therefore, the effects of molar mass on various health problems related to noncommunicable diseases or symptoms such as cancer, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, constipation, high blood pressure, knee pain, osteoporosis, cystic fibrosis and dysphagia are described. Understanding these problems only from the viewpoint of molar mass is limited since other structural characteristics, conformation, branching, blockiness in copolymers such as pectin and alginate, degree of substitution as well as the position of the substituents are sometimes the determining factor rather than the molar mass. Nevertheless, comparison of different behaviours and functions in different polymers from the viewpoint of molar mass is expected to be useful to find a common characteristics, which may be helpful to understand the mechanism in other problems. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32895590/ doi: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106110 id: cord-019001-ralxw4ad author: Oishi, Peter title: Diseases of the Pulmonary Vascular System date: 2008-11-15 words: 12794.0 sentences: 669.0 pages: flesch: 27.0 cache: ./cache/cord-019001-ralxw4ad.txt txt: ./txt/cord-019001-ralxw4ad.txt summary: In addition, physical expansion of the lung results in the release of vasoactive substances, such as PGI 2 , which increases pulmonary blood fl ow and decreases pulmonary vascular resistance in the fetal goat and lamb independent of the changes in oxygen tension [35] [36] [37] [38] [39] [40] . In humans, endothelial dysfunction, including histologic abnormalities of the endothelium, impairment of endothelium-dependent pulmonary vasodilation, and increased plasma ET-1 concentrations have been described in children with congenital heart defects and pulmonary hypertension before the development of signifi cant vascular remodeling [22, 98, 101] . In addition, neonates with PPHN and adults with advanced pulmonary vascular disease have evidence of endothelial dysfunction, impairment of endothelium-dependent pulmonary vasodilation, increased plasma ET-1 concentrations, and decreased prostacyclin production [23, 24, 62, 99] . The oral formulation is currently being investigated for chronic pulmonary hypertensive therapy, and recent short-term studies demonstrate benefi cial effects in children with advanced pulmonary vascular disease [164] . abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124039/ doi: 10.1007/978-1-84800-925-7_20 id: cord-344988-09vpehvf author: Overbeck, Silke title: Modulating the immune response by oral zinc supplementation: a single approach for multiple diseases date: 2008-02-05 words: 7943.0 sentences: 395.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344988-09vpehvf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344988-09vpehvf.txt summary: Zinc supplementation in diseases such as diarrhea, chronic hepatitis C, shigellosis, leprosy, tuberculosis, pneumonia, acute lower respiratory infection, and leishmaniasis seems beneficial. Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) results in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), a disease where zinc application was tested as a supporting therapeutic intervention [23] . [95] , there was no alteration of the CD4/CD8 ratio in the initial study [176] and several recent papers were unable to find effects of oral zinc on HIV-1 viral load, immune response to tuberculosis, lymphocyte subsets, CD4 + , CD8 + , and CD3 + cell counts, or antibody response to a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine [16, 27, 40, 54, 163] . Although this has not been directly investigated so far, the improvement in parameters for oxidative stress in diabetic patients indicates that the antioxidant effect of zinc is relevant for disease progression in vivo. abstract: Zinc is required for multiple cellular tasks, and especially the immune system depends on a sufficient availability of this essential trace element. During the last decades, many studies attempted to affect the outcome of various diseases by zinc supplementation. These efforts either aimed at supporting immunity by zinc administration or at correcting a loss of zinc secondary to the disease to restore the zinc-dependent functions of the immune system. This review aims to summarize the respective findings and to discuss possible molecular mechanisms by which zinc could influence viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections, autoimmune diseases, and the response to vaccination. Zinc supplementation in diseases such as diarrhea, chronic hepatitis C, shigellosis, leprosy, tuberculosis, pneumonia, acute lower respiratory infection, and leishmaniasis seems beneficial. In contrast, the results for the common cold and malaria are still not conclusive, and zinc was ineffective in most vaccination and rheumatoid arthritis studies. For AIDS and type 1 diabetes, zinc supplementation may even be a risk factor for increased mortality or deterioration of the glucose metabolism, respectively. In these cases, zinc supplementation should be used with care and limited to clearly zinc-deficient individuals. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18250973/ doi: 10.1007/s00005-008-0003-8 id: cord-355935-psnqrdo2 author: Paez, Antonio title: A Spatio‐Temporal Analysis of the Environmental Correlates of COVID‐19 Incidence in Spain date: 2020-06-08 words: 8984.0 sentences: 487.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355935-psnqrdo2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355935-psnqrdo2.txt summary: Use of spatial Seemingly Unrelated Regressions (SUR) allows us to model the incidence of reported cases of the disease per 100,000 population as an interregional contagion process, in addition to a function of temperature, humidity, and sunshine. We adopt a population health approach, and report results from a spatio-temporal model of the incidence of COVID-19 in the coterminous provinces in Spain, one of the countries hardest hit by the pandemic. Higher incidence is associated with higher GDP per capita and presence of mass transit systems in the province; in contrast, population density and percentage of older adults display negative associations with incidence of COVID-19. The coefficients of the spatially lagged variable are estimated for each time period ρ t and identify the intensity and the sign of the contagion effect. Fig. 3 includes three maps that display the spatial variation of our control variables, namely GDP per capita, percentage of older adults in province, population density, and presence of mass transit systems. abstract: The novel SARS‐CoV2 has disrupted health systems and the economy, and public health interventions to slow its spread have been costly. How and when to ease restrictions to movement hinges in part on whether SARS‐CoV2 will display seasonality due to variations in temperature, humidity, and hours of sunshine. Here, we address this question by means of a spatio‐temporal analysis in Spain of the incidence of COVID‐19, the disease caused by the virus. Use of spatial Seemingly Unrelated Regressions (SUR) allows us to model the incidence of reported cases of the disease per 100,000 population as an interregional contagion process, in addition to a function of temperature, humidity, and sunshine. In the analysis we also control for GDP per capita, percentage of older adults in the population, population density, and presence of mass transit systems. The results support the hypothesis that incidence of the disease is lower at higher temperatures and higher levels of humidity. Sunshine, in contrast, displays a positive association with incidence of the disease. Our control variables also yield interesting insights. Higher incidence is associated with higher GDP per capita and presence of mass transit systems in the province; in contrast, population density and percentage of older adults display negative associations with incidence of COVID‐19. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/gean.12241 doi: 10.1111/gean.12241 id: cord-013333-7jx4t0ol author: Palloni, Alberto title: Impacts of the 1918 flu on survivors'' nutritional status: A double quasi-natural experiment date: 2020-10-20 words: 10567.0 sentences: 495.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-013333-7jx4t0ol.txt txt: ./txt/cord-013333-7jx4t0ol.txt summary: Because conditions that determine poor early nutritional status also increase child and adult mortality risks, it is quite likely that selection in our sample of older adults will induce to downward biases on estimates of effects of exposure to flu and earthquake. As in the previous case the additive effect of exposure is small but, unlike the model for knee height, there is an important gender differential as exposed females lose about 3 cms (about 3 percent of the mean) and the regression coefficient estimate is more than twice its standard error (-2.87 (1.42)). Because the additive effect of exposure in areas of high flu severity and affected by the earthquake implies an average increase in knee height of about 4.72, albeit with a large standard error (2.95), the total effect among females is negative and leads to a loss of 5.68 cms. The total effects of female exposure on knee height are two to three times larger among those who were born in municipios with high flu severity and affected by the earthquake. abstract: Robust empirical evidence supports the idea that embryonic and, more generally, intrauterine disruptions induced by the 1918-flu pandemic had long-term consequences on adult health status and other conditions. In this paper we assess the 1918-flu long-term effects not just of in utero exposure but also during infancy and early childhood. A unique set of events that took place in Puerto Rico during 1918–1919 generated conditions of a “double quasi-natural experiment”. We exploit these conditions to empirically identify effects of exposure to the 1918 flu pandemic and those of the devastation left by an earthquake-tsunami that struck the island in 1918. Because the earthquake-tsunami affected mostly the Western coast of the island whereas early (in utero and postnatal) exposure to the flu was restricted to those born in the interval 1917–1920, we use geographic variation to identify the effects of the quake and timing of birth variation to identify those of the flu. We benefit from availability of information on markers of nutritional status in a nationally representative sample of individuals aged 75 and older in 2002. We make two contributions. First, unlike most fetal-origins research that singles out early nutritional status as a determinant of adult health, we hypothesize that the 1918 flu damaged the nutritional status of adult survivors who, at the time of the flu, were in utero or infants. Second, we target markers of nutritional status largely set when the adult survivors were infants and young children. Estimates of effects of the pandemic are quite large mostly among females and those who were exposed to the earthquake-tsunami. Impacts of the flu in areas less affected by the earthquake are smaller but do vary by area flu severity. These findings constitute empirical evidence supporting the conjecture that effects of the 1918 flu and/or the earthquake are associated not just with disruption experienced during the fetal period but also postnatally. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7575088/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232805 id: cord-002005-35c6mak0 author: Parker, Philip D. title: What Effect Did the Global Financial Crisis Have Upon Youth Wellbeing? Evidence From Four Australian Cohorts date: 2016-02-08 words: 7640.0 sentences: 366.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-002005-35c6mak0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-002005-35c6mak0.txt summary: Harmonizing 4 longitudinal cohorts of Australian youth (N = 38,017), we estimate the impact of the GFC on 1 general and 11 domain specific measures of wellbeing at age 19 and 22. As noted above, there is some evidence to suggest that social wellbeing and optimism for the future is particularly at risk during economic hard times (Clark & Heath, 2014; Elder, 1999; Lau et al., 2008) , yet research in this area has been relatively limited in the number of domains explored. The nature of the LSAY data, four birth cohorts measured roughly three years apart, allows us to compare the influence of the GFC at two distinct ages in the post high-school transition period (i.e., age 19 and 22). We were able to overcome limitations in previous research via the use of multiple cohorts of longitudinal data to explore the influence of the GFC at two different ages in one general and 11 domain specific measures of wellbeing. abstract: Recent research has suggested significant negative effects of the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) on mental health and wellbeing. In this article, the authors suggest that the developmental period of late adolescence may be at particular risk of economic downturns. Harmonizing 4 longitudinal cohorts of Australian youth (N = 38,017), we estimate the impact of the GFC on 1 general and 11 domain specific measures of wellbeing at age 19 and 22. Significant differences in wellbeing in most life domains were found, suggesting that wellbeing is susceptible to economic shocks. Given that the GFC in Australia was relatively mild, the finding of clear negative effects across 2 ages is of international concern. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4819495/ doi: 10.1037/dev0000092 id: cord-295335-oa4twg2z author: Pastorino, Giulia title: Liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra): A phytochemical and pharmacological review date: 2018-08-17 words: 8257.0 sentences: 462.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295335-oa4twg2z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295335-oa4twg2z.txt summary: In vivo-double-blind clinical trial in human patients Reduction of erythema, oedema, and itching scores (Halder & Richards, 2004) -In vitro-topical treatments in human patients during 4 weeks Lighten hand solar lentigines (Nerya et al., 2003) Glycyrrhetinic acid; glabridin 0-120 μM In vitro-human keratinocyte culture Prevention of oxidative DNA fragmentation and activation of apoptosis-associated proteins in human keratinocyte (Grippaudo & Di Russo, 2016) (Continues) In vitro-Vero cells In vivo-ducks Stimulation of immune and antiviral effect against DHV (Soufy et al., 2012) 0.1 μg/ml (extract) In vitro-human foreskin cell line Protection of host cells against EV71 infection (Kuo, Chang, Wang, & Chiang, 2009) In vivo-oral administration to humans (LDL isolation) (Carmeli & Fogelman, 2009) Licochalcone 2-20 μg/ml DPPH, superoxide anion, lipid peroxidation, red blood cells Inhibition of the microsomal lipid peroxidation (Haraguchi, Ishikawa, Mizutani, Tamura, & Kinoshita, 1998) Hepatoprotective activity Liquorice aqueous extract 100-300 mg/kg 15 days In vivo-oral administration to Wistar rats Stimulation of the antioxidant enzymes and arrest of inflammatory cytokine production (Huo, Wang, Liang, Bao, & Gu, 2011) G. abstract: In the last years, consumers are paying much more attention to natural medicines and principles, mainly due to the general sense that natural compounds are safe. On the other hand, there is a growing demand by industry for plants used in traditional medicine that could be incorporated in foods, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, or even pharmaceuticals. Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn. belongs to the Fabaceae family and has been recognized since ancient times for its ethnopharmacological values. This plant contains different phytocompounds, such as glycyrrhizin, 18β‐glycyrrhetinic acid, glabrin A and B, and isoflavones, that have demonstrated various pharmacological activities. Pharmacological experiments have demonstrated that different extracts and pure compounds from this species exhibit a broad range of biological properties, including antibacterial, anti‐inflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activities. A few toxicological studies have reported some concerns. This review addresses all those issues and focuses on the pharmacological activities reported for G. glabra. Therefore, an updated, critical, and extensive overview on the current knowledge of G. glabra composition and biological activities is provided here in order to explore its therapeutic potential and future challenges to be utilized for the formulation of new products that will contribute to human well‐being. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30117204/ doi: 10.1002/ptr.6178 id: cord-299007-5m6lk409 author: Paterson, R. Russell M. title: Cordyceps – A traditional Chinese medicine and another fungal therapeutic biofactory? date: 2008-05-31 words: 19517.0 sentences: 1139.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299007-5m6lk409.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299007-5m6lk409.txt summary: The isolation, structure elucidation, and anti-malarial activity of ES-242s and their analogues from the insect pathogenic fungus Cordyceps pseudomilitaris (from a Lepidoptera larva) were reported previously. Towards this end, a polysaccharide was isolated from cultured Cordyceps mycelia which had strong anti-oxidation activity, and which contained glucose, mannose and galactose. militaris demonstrated general anti-inflammatory activity (Yu et al., 2004a) as did ethanolic extracts of cultured fruiting bodies and mycelia of C. Whereas the reported apoptotic effects of the fungus are in: (a) the mouse (anti-tumour activity, metastasis inhibition) and (b) cell culture (proliferation stimulation, cytotoxic activity). Hypoglycemic activity of polysaccharide (CS-F30) from the cultural mycelium of Cordyceps sinensis and its effect on glucose metabolism in mouse liver Anti-inflammatory and related pharmacological activities of cultured mycelia and fruiting bodies of Cordyceps militaris Antioxidant activity of the extracts from fruiting bodies of cultured Cordyceps sinensis abstract: Abstract Traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) are growing in popularity. However, are they effective? Cordyceps is not studied as systematically for bioactivity as another TCM, Ganoderma. Cordyceps is fascinating per se, especially because of the pathogenic lifestyle on Lepidopteron insects. The combination of the fungus and dead insect has been used as a TCM for centuries. However, the natural fungus has been harvested to the extent that it is an endangered species. The effectiveness has been attributed to the Chinese philosophical concept of Yin and Yang and can this be compatible with scientific philosophy? A vast literature exists, some of which is scientific, although others are popular myth, and even hype. Cordyceps sinensis is the most explored species followed by Cordyceps militaris. However, taxonomic concepts were confused until a recent revision, with undefined material being used that cannot be verified. Holomorphism is relevant and contamination might account for some of the activity. The role of the insect has been ignored. Some of the analytical methodologies are poor. Data on the “old” compound cordycepin are still being published: ergosterol and related compounds are reported despite being universal to fungi. There is too much work on crude extracts rather than pure compounds with water and methanol solvents being over-represented in this respect (although methanol is an effective solvent). Excessive speculation exists as to the curative properties. However, there are some excellent pharmacological data and relating to apoptosis. For example, some preparations are active against cancers or diabetes which should be fully investigated. Polysaccharides and secondary metabolites are of particular interest. The use of genuine anamorphic forms in bioreactors is encouraged. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.01.027 doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.01.027 id: cord-143246-f97v2cih author: Paul, Aneesh Mathews title: Multifaceted COVID-19 Outbreak date: 2020-08-26 words: 6063.0 sentences: 421.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-143246-f97v2cih.txt txt: ./txt/cord-143246-f97v2cih.txt summary: The time when everyone is struggling in the cruel hands of COVID19, we present the holistic view on the effects of this pandemic in certain aspects of life. Suicide rate has increased during the pandemic time [32] , [33] .The situation of COVID-19 has diverse effects in India [34] . Section II highlights the overall change in the education system during the COVID-19 season, and discusses the social and psychological impacts of the pandemic. Online learning is a new strategy embraced by the education system in this time of pandemic. We see a lot of unprecedented collaborative work globally among the educators [40] during this pandemic leading to a loss in the travel economy. The pandemic spread in various countries was sparked by religious gatherings as shown in Fig. 12 Religion and politics are a crucial part of life and COVID-19 has acquainted the human life without these jargon words. Online Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic abstract: The time when everyone is struggling in the cruel hands of COVID19, we present the holistic view on the effects of this pandemic in certain aspects of life. A lot of literature exists in COVID-19, but most of them talk about the social and psychological side of the COVID problems. COVID-19 has affected our day-to-day life and its effects are extensive. Most of the literature presents the adverse effect of the pandemic, but there are very few state-of-the-art approaches that discuss its beneficial effects. We see the multiple faces of the pandemic in this paper. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review that presents the pros and cons of the pandemic. We present a survey that surrounds over effects on education, environment, and religion. The positive side of COVID-19 raises an alarm for us to wake up and work in that direction. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.12127v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-006192-bqwchhwk author: Persson, Carl G. A. title: Plasma exudation and asthma date: 1988 words: 7200.0 sentences: 375.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-006192-bqwchhwk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-006192-bqwchhwk.txt summary: It is concluded that inflammatory stimulus-induced increase in macromolecular permeability of the tracheobronchial microvasculature and mucosa may be a significant pathogenetic mechanism in asthma and that the postcapillary venular endothelium and airway epithelium that regulate leakage of plasma are important effector cells in this disease. A role for plasma exudation in "dry-air-induced asthma" may be hypothesized for 2 main reasons: (1) in inflamed airways it is vessel fluid that humidifies incoming air whereas other sources are used under normal conditions [25, 45] ; (2) effective protection against this nonpharmacologic provocation is provided by drugs such as cromoglycate and glucocorticosteroids, which may have potent antileakage effects at airway endothelial-epithelial barriers [42, 107] . More recent ultrastructural, pathophysiological, and pharmacologic studies of systemic microvascular beds have shown that inflammatory mediatorinduced leakage of protein-rich plasma occurs in postcapillary venules (diameter 10-50 ~m) through large gaps (up to 1 tzm) between endothelial cells [23, 62, 64, 78, 89, 116, 122, 134, 145, 153] (Fig. 2 ). abstract: Several pieces of evidence support the view that exudation of plasma into the airway wall and into the airway lumen occurs in asthma. Vascular leakage of plasma results from inflammatory mediator-induced separation of endothelial cells in postcapillary venules belonging to the tracheobronchial circulation. Whereas proposed mediators of asthma induce reversible leakage, several antiasthma drugs exhibit antileakage effects in animals and humans. Potential consequences of plasma exudation are many. Mucosal/submucosal edema might contribute to airway hyperresponsiveness. Plasma exudate in the airway lumen in asthma may contribute to sloughing of epithelium, impairment of mucociliary transport, narrowing of small airways, and mucus plug formation. Exuded plasma may cause airway inflammation and constriction because of its content of powerful mediators, and chemoattractant factors and plasma proteins may condition the inflammatory cells abundant in asthmatic airways to release mediators in response to stimuli that otherwise would be innocuous to the cells. It is concluded that inflammatory stimulus-induced increase in macromolecular permeability of the tracheobronchial microvasculature and mucosa may be a significant pathogenetic mechanism in asthma and that the postcapillary venular endothelium and airway epithelium that regulate leakage of plasma are important effector cells in this disease. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7100194/ doi: 10.1007/bf02714025 id: cord-193947-vcm3v0ix author: Pollmann, Michael title: Causal Inference for Spatial Treatments date: 2020-10-31 words: 27979.0 sentences: 1791.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-193947-vcm3v0ix.txt txt: ./txt/cord-193947-vcm3v0ix.txt summary: Even when the differences in levels between inner and outer ring are differenced out with individual fixed effects in panel data, the parallel trends assumption is particularly strong in spatial treatment settings. With individuals and treatment locations distributed across space, a large number of covariates, such as population density or average income at different distances, are predictive of both outcomes and treatment assignment probabilities. In the ideal spatial experiment considered in this section, treatment is randomized similar to a completely randomized experiment across regions with outcomes aggregated within regions (and distance bins).Ë�( ) ( ) is the variance of aggregated treated potential outcomes,Ë�( 0) ( ) is the variance of aggregated control potential outcomes, and ( ) ( ) resembles a variance of treatment effects, such thatË�( ) ( ) +Ë�( 0) ( ) â�� ( ) ( ) resembles the variance of the difference in means under repeated sampling of fixed individuals but varying treatment assignment, the framework of this paper. abstract: I propose a framework, estimators, and inference procedures for the analysis of causal effects in a setting with spatial treatments. Many events and policies (treatments), such as opening of businesses, building of hospitals, and sources of pollution, occur at specific spatial locations, with researchers interested in their effects on nearby individuals or businesses (outcome units). However, the existing treatment effects literature primarily considers treatments that could be assigned directly at the level of the outcome units, potentially with spillover effects. I approach the spatial treatment setting from a similar experimental perspective: What ideal experiment would we design to estimate the causal effects of spatial treatments? This perspective motivates a comparison between individuals near realized treatment locations and individuals near unrealized candidate locations, which is distinct from current empirical practice. Furthermore, I show how to find such candidate locations and apply the proposed methods with observational data. I apply the proposed methods to study the causal effects of grocery stores on foot traffic to nearby businesses during COVID-19 lockdowns. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2011.00373v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-333672-ef53l283 author: Potter, Gregory D. M. title: The Future of Shift Work: Circadian Biology Meets Personalised Medicine and Behavioural Science date: 2020-08-07 words: 10136.0 sentences: 432.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333672-ef53l283.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333672-ef53l283.txt summary: Because of this, understanding how to alter shift work and zeitgeber (time cue) schedules to enhance circadian system function is likely to be key to improving the health of shift workers. If one could estimate shift workers'' circadian phases in real time and model how subsequent changes in zeitgeber schedules would influence their circadian systems, one could develop tools that use this information to expedite adaptation to shift schedule changes by providing personalised guidance and perhaps even individual-level changes in exposure to light. Among healthy young men undergoing simulated night shift work for 4 days, those who confined their consumption of calorie-containing foods and drinks (i.e., the caloric period) to between breakfast at 07:00 and dinner at 19:00 had superior postbreakfast glucose tolerance after the intervention compared to men who had dinner at 19:00, a meal at 01:30, and breakfast at 07:00 (50) . abstract: Shift work is commonplace in modern societies, and shift workers are predisposed to the development of numerous chronic diseases. Disruptions to the circadian systems of shift workers are considered important contributors to the biological dysfunction these people frequently experience. Because of this, understanding how to alter shift work and zeitgeber (time cue) schedules to enhance circadian system function is likely to be key to improving the health of shift workers. While light exposure is the most important zeitgeber for the central clock in the circadian system, diet and exercise are plausible zeitgebers for circadian clocks in many tissues. We know little about how different zeitgebers interact and how to tailor zeitgeber schedules to the needs of individuals; however, in this review we share some guidelines to help shift workers adapt to their work schedules based on our current understanding of circadian biology. We focus in particular on the importance of diet timing and composition. Going forward, developments in phenotyping and “envirotyping” methods may be important to understanding how to optimise shift work. Non-invasive, multimodal, comprehensive phenotyping using multiple sources of time-stamped data may yield insights that are critical to the care of shift workers. Finally, the impact of these advances will be reduced without modifications to work environments to make it easier for shift workers to engage in behaviours conducive to their health. Integrating findings from behavioural science and ergonomics may help shift workers make healthier choices, thereby amplifying the beneficial effects of improved lifestyle prescriptions for these people. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2020.00116 doi: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00116 id: cord-295807-68sukdb1 author: Quade, Bianca N. title: The therapeutic importance of acid-base balance date: 2020-10-09 words: 20791.0 sentences: 1128.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295807-68sukdb1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295807-68sukdb1.txt summary: Despite these specious claims, the therapeutic value of controlling acid-base balance is indisputable and is the basis of Food and Drug Administration-approved treatments for constipation, epilepsy, metabolic acidosis, and peptic ulcers. Although studies of the role of acid-base balance in health and disease have resulted in the generation of several FDA-approved pharmaceuticals such as contraceptive gels and gastric-acid suppressors, systematic reviews of random trials of the clinical effectiveness of NaHCO3 itself tend to be circumspect in their conclusions. For example: MAc can result from diet, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes (diabetic ketoacidosis) or can follow acute myocardial infarction (lactic acidosis), mutations in renal acid-base transporters (renal tubular acidosis, see section 4.9), intoxication with compounds (e.g., aspirin), and diarrhea (loss of HCO3 --rich secretions) [53] [54] [55] [56] [57] . abstract: Baking soda and vinegar have been used as home remedies for generations and today we are only a mouse-click away from claims that baking soda, lemon juice, and apple cider vinegar are miracles cures for everything from cancer to COVID-19. Despite these specious claims, the therapeutic value of controlling acid-base balance is indisputable and is the basis of Food and Drug Administration-approved treatments for constipation, epilepsy, metabolic acidosis, and peptic ulcers. In this narrative review, we present evidence in support of the current and potential therapeutic value of countering local and systemic acid-base imbalances, several of which do in fact involve the administration of baking soda (sodium bicarbonate). Furthermore, we discuss the side effects of pharmaceuticals on acid-base balance as well as the influence of acid-base status on pharmacokinetic properties of drugs. Our review considers all major organs systems as well as information relevant to several clinical specialties such as anesthesiology, infectious disease, oncology, dentistry, and surgery. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114278 doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114278 id: cord-331270-12zx0o2p author: Rico, Timóteo Matthies title: Use of Text Messaging (SMS) for the Management of Side Effects in Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy Treatment: a Randomized Controlled Trial date: 2020-09-30 words: 5886.0 sentences: 290.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331270-12zx0o2p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331270-12zx0o2p.txt summary: title: Use of Text Messaging (SMS) for the Management of Side Effects in Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy Treatment: a Randomized Controlled Trial All text messages were sent to the intervention group patients in an automated and tailored way by our app called cHEmotHErApp. Side effects experienced by patients were verified using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core-30 (EORTC QLQ-C30). In our previous study, we showed the acceptance and perception of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy on an outpatient basis receiving daily text messages about prevention and managing side effects, as well as emotional support [30] . To our knowledge, the present study is the first clinical trial employing text messaging (SMS) with preventative advice and side effect management tips sent to cancer patients in outpatient chemotherapy. abstract: Cancer patients are often not sufficiently oriented to manage side effects at home. Sending text messages with self-care guidelines aimed managing side effects is the main objective of this randomized controlled trial. Patients who started outpatient chemotherapy treatment between March and December 2017 at a hospital in southern Brazil were invited to participate in this study and were allocated to the intervention or control group (ratio 1: 1). Each patient in the intervention group received a daily SMS (short message service) with some guidance on management or prevention of side effects. All text messages were sent to the intervention group patients in an automated and tailored way by our app called cHEmotHErApp. Side effects experienced by patients were verified using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core-30 (EORTC QLQ-C30). Results showed intervention group patients experienced fewer side effects compared to the control group in cycle 1 (p < 0.05), in general. In addition, intervention group experienced less nausea in relation to the control group, in the cycle 1 and cycle 2 (p < 0.05). This study indicate text messaging may be a tool for supporting side effect management in patients receiving chemotherapy. This study was enrolled in ClinicalTrials.gov with the identification number NCT03087422. This research was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s10916-020-01663-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-020-01663-x doi: 10.1007/s10916-020-01663-x id: cord-006082-x1kankxd author: Romero, Cesar A. title: Novel RAAS agonists and antagonists: clinical applications and controversies date: 2015-02-10 words: 8412.0 sentences: 448.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-006082-x1kankxd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-006082-x1kankxd.txt summary: Despite the important improvements achieved with these agents in slowing the progression of established cardiorenal disease, the ACE inhibitors and the ARBs only provide a 20% reduction in the relative risk of Key points ■ Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) blockade with an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or an angiotensin receptor blocker provides a 20% relative risk reduction for the progression of established cardiorenal disease compared with other non-RAAS blocking therapies ■ The RAAS is an endocrine, paracrine and autocrine system that regulates blood pressure homeostasis through effects on a variety of target organs, as well as having a role in the responses to vascular injury and repair ■ The RAAS is a complex system with a variety of sites suitable for pharmacological intervention ■ Novel molecules that alter the production of various RAAS peptides or that alter receptor density, function or responsiveness to these peptides could have an important influence on haemodynamics and vascular structure and function www.nature.com/nrendo progression of cardiovascular disease when compared with non-RAAS blocking therapy. abstract: The renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) regulates blood pressure homeostasis and vascular injury and repair responses. The RAAS was originally thought to be an endocrine system critically important in regulating blood pressure homeostasis. Yet, important local forms of the RAAS have been described in many tissues, which are mostly independent of the systemic RAAS. These systems have been associated with diverse physiological functions, but also with inflammation, fibrosis and target-organ damage. Pharmacological modulation of the RAAS has brought about important advances in preventing morbidity and mortality associated with cardiovascular disease. Yet, traditional RAAS blockers such as angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) only reduce the risk of disease progression in patients with established cardiovascular or renal disease by ∼20% compared with other therapies. As more components of the RAAS are described, other potential therapeutic targets emerge, which could provide improved cardiovascular and renal protection beyond that provided by an ACE inhibitor or ARB. This Review summarizes the present and future pharmacological manipulation of this important system. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version of this article (doi:10.1038/nrendo.2015.6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7097622/ doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2015.6 id: cord-270673-apr9oyqa author: Rosselló, Jaume title: The effects of natural disasters on international tourism: A global analysis date: 2020-02-01 words: 8577.0 sentences: 410.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270673-apr9oyqa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270673-apr9oyqa.txt summary: Natural disasters and unexpected events are prime examples of such determining factors, as they have profound effects on individuals and society, and as a result have the potential to affect tourism flows considerably. To address this gap, this paper incorporates a dataset on natural and man-made disaster events into a model of international tourism flows to evaluate the effect of different types of disasters on international arrivals at the national level. A gravity model for international tourism flows is defined to quantify the effects of different disaster events on international tourist arrivals to the affected country. This research develops a gravity model for international tourism flows to quantify the effects of different types of natural and man-made disasters on tourist arrivals to the affected countries. The empirical research presented in this paper draws on two sets of data to explore in depth the relationship between international tourist arrivals and global disasters, measured through three different impact metrics (costs, deaths and affected people). abstract: Tourism is shaped by a wide range of factors and forces, including exogenous ones that have no direct link with the tourism sector. Natural disasters and unexpected events are prime examples of such determining factors, as they have profound effects on individuals and society, and as a result have the potential to affect tourism flows considerably. Several theoretical arguments exist why natural disasters and unexpected events could influence tourist destination choices. However, empirical research to confirm the nature and extent of impacts of disasters on tourism is lacking. To address this gap, this paper incorporates a dataset on natural and man-made disaster events into a model of international tourism flows to evaluate the effect of different types of disasters on international arrivals at the national level. Findings provide evidence that the occurrence of different types of event change tourist flows to varying degrees. Although in some cases a positive effect is estimated, in general the impacts are negative, resulting in reduced tourist arrivals following an event. Understanding the relationship between disaster events and tourism is helpful for destination managers who make critical decisions in relation to recovery, reconstruction and marketing. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0261517720300066 doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2020.104080 id: cord-349807-ar77cnsa author: Rouadi, Philip W. title: Immunopathological features of air pollution and its impact on inflammatory airway diseases (IAD) date: 2020-10-05 words: 8635.0 sentences: 467.0 pages: flesch: 32.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349807-ar77cnsa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349807-ar77cnsa.txt summary: 79 InIn-vivovivo studies in both human and animal models suggest pollutant exposure induces inflammatory changes in normal, chronically diseased and allergic nasal and sinonasal tissues ( Table 1 ). 160 Moreover, in vitro studies suggest air pollution may suppress innate and adaptive immunity and increases susceptibility to bacterial and viral respiratory infections in both human and animal clinical models, following short-or long-term exposure (see Table 2 ). 161 Also, in vitro Rrhinovirus (RV) 16 infectivity following nitrogen oxide and ozone exposure in human respiratory epithelial cells Loss of low-level DEP-exposed MDMf along their differentiation into macrophages likely due to dysfunctional (loss of mitochondrial membrane electrical potential and lysosomal function) and phenotypic (TLRmediated reduction in CD14 and CD11 surface marker expression) structural changes in MDMf of healthy exposed individuals. We reviewed evidence for the involvement of oxidative stress pathways and their nature in healthy individuals and patients with inflammatory airway diseases following exposure to a spectrum of important chemical, allergic and infectious air contaminants. abstract: Air pollution causes significant morbidity and mortality in patients with inflammatory airway diseases (IAD) such as allergic rhinitis (AR), chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Oxidative stress in patients with IAD can induce eosinophilic inflammation in the airways, augment atopic allergic sensitization, and increase susceptibility to infection. We reviewed emerging data depicting the involvement of oxidative stress in IAD patients. We evaluated biomarkers, outcome measures and immunopathological alterations across the airway mucosal barrier following exposure, particularly when accentuated by an infectious insult. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1939455120303707 doi: 10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100467 id: cord-354044-3ugc7odq author: Salazar-Gómez, Anuar title: The potential role of sesquiterpene lactones isolated from medicinal plants in the treatment of the metabolic syndrome – A review date: 2020-09-16 words: 9388.0 sentences: 520.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354044-3ugc7odq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354044-3ugc7odq.txt summary: Therefore, in order to provide relevant information regarding the potential benefits of SLns in preventing Abbreviations: ACE, angiotensin I-converting enzyme; AMPK, activated protein kinase; APOC3, apolipoprotein C3; AT, adipose tissue; CAT, catalase; COX-2, cyclooxygenase 2; CVD, cardiovascular disease; FFA, free fatty acids; FN, fibronectin; G6Pase, glucose-6-phosphatase; GK, glucokinase; GPx, glutathione peroxidase; GSH, reduced glutathione; HDL-C, high-density lipoproteins-cholesterol; IFN-g, interferon gamma; IL-1b, interleukin 1 beta; IL-6, interleukin 6; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; IR, insulin resistance; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinases; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinases; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; MetS, metabolic syndrome; NF-kB, nuclear factor kappa B; NO, nitric oxide; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SLns, sesquiterpene lactones; SOD, superoxide dismutase; STAT1, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1; STZ, streptozotocin; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; TBARS, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; TGF-b1, transforming growth factor beta; TLRs, Toll-like receptor; TNF-a, tumor necrosis factor alpha; VLDL, very-low-density lipoprotein and managing MetS, this review addresses plant-derived SLns that are potentially responsible for the positive effect in improving risk factors associated with MetS. abstract: Metabolic syndrome comprises a cluster of metabolic disorders related to the development of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In latter years, plant secondary metabolites have become of special interest because of their potential role in preventing and managing metabolic syndrome. Sesquiterpene lactones constitute a large and diverse group of biologically active compounds widely distributed in several medicinal plants used for the treatment of metabolic disorders. The structural diversity and the broad spectrum of biological activities of these compounds drew significant interests in the pharmacological applications. This review describes selected sesquiterpene lactones that have been experimentally validated for their biological activities related to risk factors of metabolic syndrome, together with their mechanisms of action. The potential beneficial effects of sesquiterpene lactones discussed in this review demonstrate that these substances represent remarkable compounds with a diversity of molecular structure and high biological activity, providing new insights into the possible role in metabolic syndrome management. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0254629920310383 doi: 10.1016/j.sajb.2020.08.020 id: cord-351932-dn60t7qa author: Salehi, Bahare title: Dioscorea Plants: A Genus Rich in Vital Nutra-pharmaceuticals-A Review date: 2019 words: 9680.0 sentences: 512.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351932-dn60t7qa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351932-dn60t7qa.txt summary: As reported by Jesus et al., 2016 , diosgenin (3-β-hydroxy-5spirostene) is the primary furostanol saponin found in several plants, including Dioscorea species, and is described as a promising bioactive compound with several medicinal properties, i.e. hypolipidemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycaemic, and antiproliferative activities (5) . A new furostanol glycoside namely 26-O-β -D-glucopyranosyl-3β,26-dihydroxy-20,22-seco-25(R)-furost-5en-20,22-dione-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-α -L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-[ α -L -r h a m n o p y r a n o s y l -( 1 → 2 ) ] -β -Dglucopyranoside was isolated from the methanolic extract of the rhizome of Dioscorea cayenensis growing in Cameroon, together with the known spirostanol saponins described as methyl protodioscin, asperoside and prosapogenin A of dioscin (12) . Concerning the phytochemical profile, twelve cyclic diarylheptanoids were isolated from the rhizomes of Dioscorea nipponica (20) , among which two new cyclic diarylheptanoids, diosniponol A and B; moreover, as reported by the same authors, these compounds were evaluated for their effects on nitric oxide production without cell toxicity in lipopolysaccharide-activated BV-2 cells. abstract: Dioscorea species, known as “Yams,” belong to family Dioscoreaceae. This genus consists of more than 600 species distributed from Africa, Asia, the Caribbean’s South America, and the South Pacific islands. Their organoleptic properties make them the most widely used carbohydrate food and dietary supplements. The underground and/or aerial tubers represent valuable sources of proteins, fats, and vitamins for millions of people in West Africa. This review gives a shot of secondary metabolites of Dioscorea plants, including steroids, clerodane diterpenes, quinones, cyanidins, phenolics, diarylheptanoids, and nitrogen-containing compounds. This review collected the evidence on biological properties of description Dioscorea, including in-vitro and in-vivo studies. Dioscorea species contain promising bioactive molecules i.e. diosgenin that support their different biological properties, including antioxidant, hypoglycaemic, hypolipidemic, anti- antimicrobial, inflammatory, antiproliferative, androgenic, estrogenic, and contraceptive drugs. Indeed, besides its nutrient values, Dioscorea is a potential source of bioactive substances of interest in the prevention/treatment of several diseases, and thus represents a great challenge in developing countries. However, ethnomedicinal potential should be validated and further researches on pharmacological properties and phytochemical composition should be carried out. Particularly, doing some studies to convert the preclinical results to clinical efficacy should be guaranteed. Dioscorea, Food plant, Traditional use, Phytochemistry, Pharmacological activities url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32802090/ doi: 10.22037/ijpr.2019.112501.13795 id: cord-335024-0klf75qr author: Saponaro, Federica title: An Update on Vitamin D Metabolism date: 2020-09-08 words: 9457.0 sentences: 496.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335024-0klf75qr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335024-0klf75qr.txt summary: Recently, new and interesting aspects of vitamin D metabolism has been elucidated, namely the special role of the skin, the metabolic control of liver hydroxylase CYP2R1, the specificity of 1α-hydroxylase in different tissues and cell types and the genomic, non-genomic and epigenomic effects of vitamin D receptor, which will be addressed in the present review. The aim of this review is to focus on some new, intriguing, and still incompletely clarified aspects of vitamin D metabolism, such as novel concepts in enzyme regulation, new pleiotropic effects of vitamin D receptor (VDR) activation, and epigenetic effects. From an evolutionary point of view, specific investigations and genome-wide association studies demonstrated that the ancient and initial role of vitamin D was likely the regulation of genes involved in energy metabolism [5] . New concepts have emerged in the last years, namely the special role of the skin, the metabolic control of liver hydroxylase CYP2R1, the specificity of 1α-hydroxylase in different tissues and cell types and the genomic, non-genomic and epigenomic effects of VDR. abstract: Vitamin D is a steroid hormone classically involved in the calcium metabolism and bone homeostasis. Recently, new and interesting aspects of vitamin D metabolism has been elucidated, namely the special role of the skin, the metabolic control of liver hydroxylase CYP2R1, the specificity of 1α-hydroxylase in different tissues and cell types and the genomic, non-genomic and epigenomic effects of vitamin D receptor, which will be addressed in the present review. Moreover, in the last decades, several extraskeletal effects which can be attributed to vitamin D have been shown. These beneficial effects will be here summarized, focusing on the immune system and cardiovascular system. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186573 doi: 10.3390/ijms21186573 id: cord-287243-fm3587ww author: Scanes, Colin G. title: Reproductive management of poultry date: 2020-01-24 words: 6827.0 sentences: 507.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287243-fm3587ww.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287243-fm3587ww.txt summary: Other aspects of reproductive management in poultry include the following: artificial insemination (almost exclusively employed in turkeys) and approaches to reduce broodiness together with cage free (colony), conventional, enriched and free-range systems. Estrogens induce the following: development of the oviduct, production of yolk precursors (VLDL and vitellogenin) (see above) by the liver, production of egg white proteins by the oviduct and, with androgens, formation of medullary bone (a labile source of calcium). 78 These programs not only decrease the feed needs of the broiler breeder but also reduce mortality and increase egg production. In addition to feed restriction, to induce molting in broiler breeder hens, the daylength is decreased to 8L:16D and light intensity is reduced. Effects of low dietary protein and different allocations of food during rearing and restricted feeding after peak rate of lay on egg production, fertility and hatchability in female broiler breeders abstract: Based on data from the UN's Food and Agricultural Organization, about 120 million metric tons of poultry meat were produced globally in 2016. In addition, about 82 million metric tons of eggs were produced. One of the bases for this production is the reproductive efficiency of today's poultry. This, in turn, is due to their inherent reproductive physiology, intensive genetic selection and advances in husbandry/management. The system of reproduction in males in largely similar to that in mammals except that there is no descent of testes. In females, there are marked differences with there being a single ovary and oviduct; the latter being the name of the differentiated entire Müllerian duct. Moreover, females produce eggs with a yolky oocyte surrounded by albumen, membranes and shell. Among the most successful reproductive management techniques are optimizing photoperiod, light intensity and nutrition. Widespread employment of these has allowed maximizing production. Laying hens can be re-cycled toward the end egg production. Other aspects of reproductive management in poultry include the following: artificial insemination (almost exclusively employed in turkeys) and approaches to reduce broodiness together with cage free (colony), conventional, enriched and free-range systems. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/B9780128170526000203 doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-817052-6.00020-3 id: cord-267284-3uz0v29k author: Schneiderová, Kristýna title: Phytochemical profile of Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb). Steud. date: 2014-08-29 words: 8566.0 sentences: 544.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267284-3uz0v29k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267284-3uz0v29k.txt summary: Paulownia tomentosa, a member of the plant family Paulowniaceae and a rich source of biologically active secondary metabolites, is traditionally used in Chinese herbal medicine. Recent interest in this species has focused on isolating and identifying of prenylated flavonoids, that exhibit potent antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiphlogistic activities and inhibit severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus papain-like protease. For example, n-butanol, EtOAc, and MeOH extracts obtained from the fruit have displayed antiradical activity in anti-DPPH and peroxynitrite assays, due to mainly the presence of flavonoids and phenolic glycosides, but not of all compounds present in these extracts have been identified) (Š mejkal et al. Significant concentration-dependent anti-inflammatory properties of EtOH extracts of the bark of the tree have also been observed recently using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)induced nitric oxide production inhibition model in the murine macrophages cell line RAW264.7 (Si et al. Structure and activity relationship of antioxidant flavonoids from leaves of Paulownia tomentosa var. abstract: Paulownia tomentosa, a member of the plant family Paulowniaceae and a rich source of biologically active secondary metabolites, is traditionally used in Chinese herbal medicine. Flavonoids, lignans, phenolic glycosides, quinones, terpenoids, glycerides, phenolic acids, and miscellaneous other compounds have been isolated from different parts of P. tomentosa plant. Recent interest in this species has focused on isolating and identifying of prenylated flavonoids, that exhibit potent antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiphlogistic activities and inhibit severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus papain-like protease. They show cytotoxic activity against various human cancer cell lines and inhibit the effects of human cholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and bacterial neuraminidases. Most of the compounds considered here have never been isolated from any other species of plant. This review summarizes the information about the isolated compounds that are active, their bioactivities, and the structure–activity relationships that have been worked out for them. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32214918/ doi: 10.1007/s11101-014-9376-y id: cord-355873-e5cd4o0q author: Shah, Bakht Ramin title: Effects of prebiotic dietary fibers and probiotics on human health: With special focus on recent advancement in their encapsulated formulations date: 2020-06-23 words: 2831.0 sentences: 138.0 pages: flesch: 25.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355873-e5cd4o0q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355873-e5cd4o0q.txt summary: title: Effects of prebiotic dietary fibers and probiotics on human health: With special focus on recent advancement in their encapsulated formulations BACKGROUND: Dietary fibers (DFs) are known as potential formulations in human health due to their beneficial effects in control of life-threatening chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes mellitus, obesity and cancer. Effect of probiotic supplementation on cognitive function and metabolic status in Alzheimer''s disease: a randomized, double-blind and controlled trial The effect of probiotic and/or prebiotic on liver function tests in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a double blind randomized clinical trial Correction: The Potential Role of Probiotics or/and Prebiotic on Serum Lipid Profile and Insulin Resistance in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Double Blind Randomized Clinical Trial Effects of multistrain probiotic supplementation on glycemic and inflammatory indices in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a double-blind randomized clinical trial Effects of probiotics on gut microbiota in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial abstract: BACKGROUND: Dietary fibers (DFs) are known as potential formulations in human health due to their beneficial effects in control of life-threatening chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes mellitus, obesity and cancer. In recent decades scientists around the globe have shown tremendous interest to evaluate the interplay between DFs and gastrointestinal (GIT) microbiota. Evidences from various epidemiological and clinical trials have revealed that DFs modulate formation and metabolic activities of the microbial communities residing in the human GIT which in turn play significant roles in maintaining health and well-being. Furthermore, interestingly, a rapidly growing literature indicates success of DFs being prebiotics in immunomodulation, namely the stimulation of innate, cellular and humoral immune response, which could also be linked with their significant roles in modulation of the probiotics (live beneficial microorganisms). SCOPE AND APPROACH: The main focus of the current review is to expressively highlight the importance of DFs being prebiotics in human health in association with their influence on gut microbiota. Now in order to significantly achieve the promising health benefits from these prebiotics, it is aimed to develop novel formulations to enhance and scale up their efficacy. Therefore, finally, herein unlike previously published articles, we highlighted different kinds of prebiotic and probiotic formulations which are being regarded as hot research topics among the scientific community now a days. CONCLUSION: The information in this article will specifically provide a platform for the development of novel functional foods the demands for which has risen drastically in recent years. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924224420305112?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.06.010 id: cord-348106-agwdmtug author: Shankar, Venkatesh title: Omnichannel Marketing: Are Cross-Channel Effects Symmetric? date: 2020-09-07 words: 10138.0 sentences: 578.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348106-agwdmtug.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348106-agwdmtug.txt summary: The rapid growth in omnichannel (e.g., Web, call center, sales agent, store) shopping and the need to effectively allocate resources across channels are prompting managers and researchers to better understand cross-channel effects, that is, the effects of marketing efforts in one distribution channel on shopping outcomes in other channels. While the effect of marketing efforts in a channel on shopping outcomes in a dissimilar (with a different primary influence role) channel is positive (e.g., exclusive agent, the Web, and the call center channels are complementary), the magnitudes of the cross-channel effects are asymmetric. While the effect of marketing efforts in a channel on shopping outcomes in a dissimilar (with a different primary influence role and richness) channel is positive (e.g., J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Journal Pre-proof exclusive agent, the Web, and the call center channels are complementary), the directions and extent of cross-channel effects are asymmetric. abstract: The rapid growth in omnichannel (e.g., Web, call center, sales agent, store) shopping and the need to effectively allocate resources across channels are prompting managers and researchers to better understand cross-channel effects, that is, the effects of marketing efforts in one distribution channel on shopping outcomes in other channels. We develop a broad set of hypotheses about cross-channel effects based on channel richness and influence roles (informative, persuasive). To test the hypotheses, we model the effects (own and cross) of channel marketing efforts on shopping outcomes in different channels through a simultaneous equation system. We estimate these models using data from the auto insurance industry that comprises the exclusive agent, the independent agent, the Web, and the call center channels. Our results offer novel insights. They show that cross-channel effects and elasticities are significant and asymmetric. While the effect of marketing efforts in a channel on shopping outcomes in a dissimilar (with a different primary influence role) channel is positive (e.g., exclusive agent, the Web, and the call center channels are complementary), the magnitudes of the cross-channel effects are asymmetric. Similarly, while the effect of marketing efforts in a channel on shopping outcomes in a similar (with the same primary influence role) channel is negative (e.g., independent agent and exclusive agent channels are substitutional), they are also asymmetric. Exclusive agent efforts have a greater negative effect on the outcomes of independent agent efforts than vice versa. Based on the results, we develop a channel influence vs. influenceability analysis tool for managers to better plan their channel efforts. We also illustrate a resource allocation model that shows substantial incremental profits from the reallocation of marketing efforts based on our model with cross-channel effects relative to a model without cross-channel effects. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S016781162030077X doi: 10.1016/j.ijresmar.2020.09.001 id: cord-347644-4qenzjiu author: Shorter, John R. title: A Diallel of the Mouse Collaborative Cross Founders Reveals Strong Strain-Specific Maternal Effects on Litter Size date: 2019-03-15 words: 6968.0 sentences: 318.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347644-4qenzjiu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347644-4qenzjiu.txt summary: We identified factors that affect the average litter size in a cross by estimating the overall contribution of parent-of-origin, heterosis, inbred, and epistatic effects using a Bayesian zero-truncated overdispersed Poisson mixed model. Litter size is moderately heritable, and maternal effects account for the majority of explained variation To estimate founder strain effects on litter size, we used a Bayesian regression model that decomposes the phenotypic variation in the diallel into genetic and parent-of-origin contributions (Lenarcic et al. Using this model, the percentage of the variance in litter size explained by diallel effects was 17.73%, with additive effects explaining 9.18% (VarP[additive]; this GCA-like measure being related to narrow sense heritability), parent-of-origin effects (VarP[parental.sex]) accounting for 5.77%, the fact of being inbred (VarP[inbred.overall]) at 1.43%, and strain-by-strain interactions (VarP[epistatic.symmetric] + VarP[asymmetric.epistatic]) at 3.40% (Figure 2A) . abstract: Reproductive success in the eight founder strains of the Collaborative Cross (CC) was measured using a diallel-mating scheme. Over a 48-month period we generated 4,448 litters, and provided 24,782 weaned pups for use in 16 different published experiments. We identified factors that affect the average litter size in a cross by estimating the overall contribution of parent-of-origin, heterosis, inbred, and epistatic effects using a Bayesian zero-truncated overdispersed Poisson mixed model. The phenotypic variance of litter size has a substantial contribution (82%) from unexplained and environmental sources, but no detectable effect of seasonality. Most of the explained variance was due to additive effects (9.2%) and parental sex (maternal vs. paternal strain; 5.8%), with epistasis accounting for 3.4%. Within the parental effects, the effect of the dam’s strain explained more than the sire’s strain (13.2% vs. 1.8%), and the dam’s strain effects account for 74.2% of total variation explained. Dams from strains C57BL/6J and NOD/ShiLtJ increased the expected litter size by a mean of 1.66 and 1.79 pups, whereas dams from strains WSB/EiJ, PWK/PhJ, and CAST/EiJ reduced expected litter size by a mean of 1.51, 0.81, and 0.90 pups. Finally, there was no strong evidence for strain-specific effects on sex ratio distortion. Overall, these results demonstrate that strains vary substantially in their reproductive ability depending on their genetic background, and that litter size is largely determined by dam’s strain rather than sire’s strain effects, as expected. This analysis adds to our understanding of factors that influence litter size in mammals, and also helps to explain breeding successes and failures in the extinct lines and surviving CC strains. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30877080/ doi: 10.1534/g3.118.200847 id: cord-007798-9ht7cqhu author: Smith, Silas W. title: Drugs and pharmaceuticals: management of intoxication and antidotes date: 2010-02-25 words: 22555.0 sentences: 1371.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-007798-9ht7cqhu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-007798-9ht7cqhu.txt summary: In the context of analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anticholinergic, anticonvulsant, antihyperglycemic, antimicrobial, antineoplastic, cardiovascular, opioid, or sedative-hypnotic agents overdose, N-acetylcysteine, physostigmine, l-carnitine, dextrose, octreotide, pyridoxine, dexrazoxane, leucovorin, glucarpidase, atropine, calcium, digoxin-specific antibody fragments, glucagon, high-dose insulin euglycemia therapy, lipid emulsion, magnesium, sodium bicarbonate, naloxone, and flumazenil are specifically reviewed. As might be anticipated from the fact that supportive care suffices for the majority of poisoned patients, a typical study of routine administration of charcoal following oral overdose of primarily benzodiazepines, acetaminophen, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors could not demonstrate benefit [16, 17, 23] . Patient characteristics suggesting extracorporeal therapy include signs or symptoms of significant end organ toxicity; impaired elimination secondary to baseline comorbidities or critical illness-induced hypoperfusion; inability to tolerate or refractory to antidotal strategies (such as bicarbonate or saline); inadequate response to supportive care measures; concurrent electrolyte derangements (e.g., metformin-associated lactic acidosis); or serum drug concentrations historically associated with severe outcome [127] . abstract: The treatment of patients poisoned with drugs and pharmaceuticals can be quite challenging. Diverse exposure circumstances, varied clinical presentations, unique patient-specific factors, and inconsistent diagnostic and therapeutic infrastructure support, coupled with relatively few definitive antidotes, may complicate evaluation and management. The historical approach to poisoned patients (patient arousal, toxin elimination, and toxin identification) has given way to rigorous attention to the fundamental aspects of basic life suppport — airway management, oxygenation and ventilation, circulatory competence, thermoregulation, and substrate availability. Selected patients may benefit from methods to alter toxin pharmacokinetics to minimize systemic, target organ, or tissue compartment exposure (either by decreasing absorption or increasing elimination). These may include syrup of ipecac, orogastric lavage, activated single- or multi-dose charcoal, whole bowel irrigation, endoscopy and surgery, urinary alkalinization, saline diuresis, or extracorporeal methods (hemodialysis, charcoal hemoperfusion, continuous venovenous hemofiltration, and exchange transfusion). Pharmaceutical adjuncts and antidotes may be useful in toxicant-induced hyperthermias. In the context of analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anticholinergic, anticonvulsant, antihyperglycemic, antimicrobial, antineoplastic, cardiovascular, opioid, or sedative-hypnotic agents overdose, N-acetylcysteine, physostigmine, l-carnitine, dextrose, octreotide, pyridoxine, dexrazoxane, leucovorin, glucarpidase, atropine, calcium, digoxin-specific antibody fragments, glucagon, high-dose insulin euglycemia therapy, lipid emulsion, magnesium, sodium bicarbonate, naloxone, and flumazenil are specifically reviewed. In summary, patients generally benefit from aggressive support of vital functions, careful history and physical examination, specific laboratory analyses, a thoughtful consideration of the risks and benefits of decontamination and enhanced elimination, and the use of specific antidotes where warranted. Data supporting antidotes effectiveness vary considerably. Clinicians are encouraged to utilize consultation with regional poison centers or those with toxicology training to assist with diagnosis, management, and administration of antidotes, particularly in unfamiliar cases. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7123602/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-7643-8338-1_12 id: cord-327521-g5vefajw author: Spisni, Enzo title: Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Microbial-Modulating Activities of Essential Oils: Implications in Colonic Pathophysiology date: 2020-06-10 words: 9179.0 sentences: 411.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327521-g5vefajw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327521-g5vefajw.txt summary: In recent years, many studies have analyzed their antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and anticancer properties in vitro and on experimentally induced animal models of colitis and colorectal cancer. The recent discovery of the complexity of the human intestinal microbiota, composed of bacteria, fungi and viruses, and its intricate pathophysiological relationships with the immune system and the enteric nervous system, makes EOs truly interesting for their antimicrobial activities, often selective for the different microbial components. Recent studies have shown that geraniol administration reduced the intestinal inflammation induced by DSS [7] , but these anti-inflammatory effects could be also linked to its antioxidant activity, since its administration resulted in a decreased iNOS activity and a decreased lipid peroxidation, in a rat model of colitis [22] . Geraniol antibacterial activity seems to be linked to his property to destabilize bacterial cell wall and damage transmembrane efflux pumps, thus restoring drug-sensitivity in different bacterial antibiotic-resistant strains, such as Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii [29] . abstract: Essential oils (EOs) are a complex mixture of hydrophobic and volatile compounds synthesized from aromatic plants, most of them commonly used in the human diet. In recent years, many studies have analyzed their antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and anticancer properties in vitro and on experimentally induced animal models of colitis and colorectal cancer. However, there are still few clinical studies aimed to understand their role in the modulation of the intestinal pathophysiology. Many EOs and some of their molecules have demonstrated their efficacy in inhibiting bacterial, fungi and virus replication and in modulating the inflammatory and oxidative processes that take place in experimental colitis. In addition to this, their antitumor activity against colorectal cancer models makes them extremely interesting compounds for the modulation of the pathophysiology of the large bowel. The characterization of these EOs is made difficult by their complexity and by the different compositions present in the same oil having different geographical origins. This review tries to shift the focus from the EOs to their individual compounds, to expand their possible applications in modulating colon pathophysiology. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32532055/ doi: 10.3390/ijms21114152 id: cord-339082-8gogju5n author: Swire-Thompson, Briony title: Searching for the Backfire Effect: Measurement and Design Considerations date: 2020-09-02 words: 7175.0 sentences: 351.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339082-8gogju5n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339082-8gogju5n.txt summary: In this article, we discuss the current state of the worldview and familiarity backfire effect literatures, examine barriers to measuring the correction of misinformation, and conclude with recommendations for fact-checkers and communicators. There have subsequently been worldview backfire effects reported in a variety of subgroups with misinformation regarding vaccines (in respondents with least favorable vaccine attitudes, Nyhan, Reifler, Richey, & Freed, 2014; in respondents with high levels of concern about vaccine side effects, Nyhan & Reifler, 2015) , climate change (in Republican participants, Hart & Nisbet, 2012; in Republicans with high political interest, Zhou, 2016) , the existence of death panels (in politically knowledgeable Palin supporters, Nyhan, Reifler, & Ubel, 2013) , and with a fictitious scenario detailing that right-wing politicians generally misappropriate public funds more than left-wing politicians (in right-wing attentive participants, Ecker & Ang, 2019), see Appendix B. abstract: One of the most concerning notions for science communicators, fact-checkers, and advocates of truth, is the backfire effect; this is when a correction leads to an individual increasing their belief in the very misconception the correction is aiming to rectify. There is currently a debate in the literature as to whether backfire effects exist at all, as recent studies have failed to find the phenomenon, even under theoretically favorable conditions. In this review, we summarize the current state of the worldview and familiarity backfire effect literatures. We subsequently examine barriers to measuring the backfire phenomenon, discuss approaches to improving measurement and design, and conclude with recommendations for fact-checkers. We suggest that backfire effects are not a robust empirical phenomenon, and more reliable measures, powerful designs, and stronger links between experimental design and theory could greatly help move the field ahead. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32905023/ doi: 10.1016/j.jarmac.2020.06.006 id: cord-256992-rwy0n01l author: Taheri, Yasaman title: Myricetin bioactive effects: moving from preclinical evidence to potential clinical applications date: 2020-08-01 words: 7256.0 sentences: 458.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256992-rwy0n01l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256992-rwy0n01l.txt summary: Polyphenols are a wide group of plant-derived molecules resulting from secondary metabolism, ubiquitously distributed in vegetable kingdom where they display different activities such as protective effect against UV rays, bacteria, virus and fungi infections, modulation of plant hormones, enzyme inhibition and pollinator attraction [1] . [101] reported the in vitro effect of myricetin on high glucose-induced β-cell apoptosis, possibly via cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) inhibition. Anti-angiogenic effects of myricetin (5 to 20 μM) assessed through in vitro (HUVEC) and in vivo (CAM) models revealed that this compound significantly inhibits angiogenesis induced by OVCAR-3 cells. In SKOV3 human ovarian cancer cells, myricetin inhibited viability and induced apoptosis (40 μg/mL, time-dependent manner) through endoplasmic reticulum stress and DNA double-strand breaks [130] . Potential anticancer activity of myricetin in human T24 bladder cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo abstract: Several flavonoids have been recognized as nutraceuticals, and myricetin is a good example. Myricetin is commonly found in plants and their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities is well demonstrated. One of its beneficial biological effects is the neuroprotective activity, showing preclinical activities on Alzheimer, Parkinson, and Huntington diseases, and even in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Also, myricetin has revealed other biological activities, among them as antidiabetic, anticancer, immunomodulatory, cardiovascular, analgesic and antihypertensive. However, few clinical trials have been performed using myricetin as nutraceutical. Thus, this review provides new insights on myricetin preclinical pharmacological activities, and role in selected clinical trials. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-020-03033-z doi: 10.1186/s12906-020-03033-z id: cord-331633-ix5un6c9 author: Teixeira, Maria C. title: Nanomedicines for the Delivery of Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) date: 2020-03-20 words: 9125.0 sentences: 497.0 pages: flesch: 32.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331633-ix5un6c9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331633-ix5un6c9.txt summary: AMPs are small natural oligopeptides that have recently showed a potential activity against antibiotics resistance mechanisms, due to their ability in lysing bacterial membranes, thus providing broad-spectrum effects, targeting microorganisms from viruses to parasites. Antimicrobial drug delivery using polymeric NPs offers several advantages: (i) structural stability in biological fluids and under harsh and various conditions for preparation; (ii) precisely tuneable properties, such as size, zeta-potentials, and drug release profiles, by manipulating polymer lengths, surfactants, and organic solvents used for NP preparation [67] , and (iii) facile and versatile surface functionalization for conjugating drugs and targeting ligands [68] . Other types of nanomaterials, such as dendrimers and carbon nanodots, have also been successfully proposed for the delivery of AMPs. Due to their ease of synthesis and low manufacturing costs, antimicrobial polymers including dendrimers have been exploited to mimic the antibacterial mechanism host defence peptides, by compromising bacterial cell membranes [115] . abstract: Microbial infections are still among the major public health concerns since several yeasts and fungi, and other pathogenic microorganisms, are responsible for continuous growth of infections and drug resistance against bacteria. Antimicrobial resistance rate is fostering the need to develop new strategies against drug-resistant superbugs. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small peptide-based molecules of 5–100 amino acids in length, with potent and broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties. They are part of the innate immune system, which can represent a minimal risk of resistance development. These characteristics contribute to the description of these molecules as promising new molecules in the development of new antimicrobial drugs. However, efforts in developing new medicines have not resulted in any decrease of drug resistance yet. Thus, a technological approach on improving existing drugs is gaining special interest. Nanomedicine provides easy access to innovative carriers, which ultimately enable the design and development of targeted delivery systems of the most efficient drugs with increased efficacy and reduced toxicity. Based on performance, successful experiments, and considerable market prospects, nanotechnology will undoubtedly lead a breakthrough in biomedical field also for infectious diseases, as there are several nanotechnological approaches that exhibit important roles in restoring antibiotic activity against resistant bacteria. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32244858/ doi: 10.3390/nano10030560 id: cord-272309-v72796pu author: Tootee, Ali title: Ramadan fasting during Covid-19 pandemic date: 2020-04-30 words: 2074.0 sentences: 135.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272309-v72796pu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272309-v72796pu.txt summary: [9] Decisive evidence emerged from numerous in-depth studies have clearly demonstrated that fasting can produce therapeutic effects in many noncommunicable disorders such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancers, and neurodegenerative diseases. [15] These evidence and similar findings indicate that the effects of Ramadan Fasting are not merely confined those related to refraining from eating and drinking, and they include a diverse range of physical, psychological, and spiritual health. have demonstrated that Ramadan Fasting can play a protective role against tuberculosis, and can minimize the risk of the infection in healthy individuals. For instance, in a comprehensive research on the subject which was published by members on the assembly in 2010, authors had contended that although Ramadan fasting is generally safe and wholesome for healthy individuals, those with certain diseases and adverse health conditions should seek their physicians'' advice in this regard. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-020-00534-z doi: 10.1007/s40200-020-00534-z id: cord-337856-xaxxewb6 author: Trump, Cary E. title: Behavior Momentum Theory and Humans: A Review of the Literature date: 2020-09-30 words: 6196.0 sentences: 300.0 pages: flesch: 26.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337856-xaxxewb6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337856-xaxxewb6.txt summary: (2016) evaluated the effect of different negative reinforcement schedules on the persistence of task completion exhibited by three participants who engaged in escape maintained problem behavior. After removing duplicates, the initial search provided 141 studies in which the author conducted additional reviews using the following three additional inclusion conditions: (4) included human participants across basic (conducted in laboratory settings to evaluate fundamental principles of behavior; Cooper, Heron, & Heward, 2007) , applied (evaluating socially significant behaviors; Cooper et al., 2007) , or translational (extending laboratory findings to clinical populations and problems; Lerman, 2003) ; studies (5) comparing two different conditions, such as rich versus lean schedules; and (6) evaluated the effect of a disruptor on behavior within the context of BMT. Overall, the review discovered 73% of the included experiments indicated problem behavior responses persisted greater in rich compared to lean schedules. abstract: Behavioral Momentum Theory (BMT) is often described as analogous to Newton’s (1687) laws of motion. That is to say, similar to an object in motion continuing in motion unless acted upon by a force, responses occurring in a static environment will continue to occur at the same rate, unless presented with a disruptor (Nevin, Tota, Torquato, & Shull, Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 53, 359–379, 1990). When evaluating response rates through a behavioral momentum framework, responding continuing after a change in reinforcer conditions is said to persist. Previous research conducted with nonhuman animals indicates greater response persistence following conditions with either higher reinforcer rates or higher reinforcer magnitudes (Nevin, Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 21(3), 389–408, 1974; Nevin et al., Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 53, 359–379, 1990). Although BMT’s implications extend across human and nonhuman species, this literature review attempts to provide practitioners and researchers information regarding response persistence across various conditions with human participants. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33020671/ doi: 10.1007/s40732-020-00430-1 id: cord-017041-0zxoq68m author: Volochnyuk, Dmitriy M. title: Fluorine-Containing Diazines in Medicinal Chemistry and Agrochemistry date: 2014-06-13 words: 16251.0 sentences: 955.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-017041-0zxoq68m.txt txt: ./txt/cord-017041-0zxoq68m.txt summary: Herein we give a comprehensive review on the biological activity and synthesis of fluorine containing, pyrimidine, pyrazine and pyridazine derivatives with relevance to medicinal and agrochemistry. Herein we give a comprehensive review on the biological activity and synthesis of fl uorine containing, pyrimidine, pyrazine and pyridazine derivatives with relevance to medicinal and agrochemistry. In an alternative approach, Fluorouracil was prepared by direct fl uorination of different pyrimidine derivatives, including uracil [ 15 ] , cytosine [ 16 ] , and orotic acid [ 17 ] . Early synthesis of Floxuridine commenced from Fluorouracil ( 1 ) which was transformed into its mercury salt 28 and then allowed to react with 2-deoxy-Dribofuranosyl chloride derivative 29 (Scheme 4 ) [ 18 ] . More precisely, Trifl uridine is transformed into α,α,α-trifl uorothymidine monophosphate ( 76 ) by thymidine kinase (Scheme 21 ); similarly to the Fluorouracil derivatives discussed in the previous sections, compound 76 is true inhibitor of thymidylate synthase. abstract: The combination of a fluorine atom and a diazine ring, which both possess unique structural and chemical features, can generate new relevant building blocks for the discovery of efficient fluorinated biologically active agents. Herein we give a comprehensive review on the biological activity and synthesis of fluorine containing, pyrimidine, pyrazine and pyridazine derivatives with relevance to medicinal and agrochemistry. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7121506/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-04435-4_7 id: cord-271122-3fsl5589 author: Wathes, D. Claire title: Importance of Viral Disease in Dairy Cow Fertility date: 2019-07-24 words: 7111.0 sentences: 346.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271122-3fsl5589.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271122-3fsl5589.txt summary: Acute infection with non-cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in mid-gestation increases abortion rates or causes the birth of persistently infected calves. In cultured bovine endometrial cells, experimental infection with ncp BVDV inhibited a variety of immune pathways normally activated in response to a challenge with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), including downregulation of many interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), which are an important part of uterine defense mechanisms [40, 41] . Establishment of persistent infection with non-cytopathic bovine viral diarrhoea virus in cattle is associated with a failure to induce type I interferon A field investigation of the effects of bovine viral diarrhea virus infection around the time of insemination on the reproductive performance of cattle The effect of infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus on the fertility of Swiss dairy cattle Embryos produced from fertilization with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV)-infected semen and the risk of disease transmission to embryo transfer (ET) recipients and offspring abstract: Many viral diseases are endemic in cattle populations worldwide. The ability of many viruses to cross the placenta and cause abortions and fetal malformations is well understood. There is also significant evidence that viral infections have additional actions in dairy cows, which are reflected in reduced conception rates. These effects are, however, highly dependent on the time at which an individual animal first contracts the disease and are less easy to quantify. This paper reviews the evidence relating to five viruses that can affect fertility, together with their potential mechanisms of action. Acute infection with non-cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in mid-gestation increases abortion rates or causes the birth of persistently infected calves. BVDV infections closer to the time of breeding can have direct effects on the ovaries and uterine endometrium, which cause estrous cycle irregularities and early embryo mortality. Fertility may also be reduced by BVDV-induced immunosuppression, which increases the susceptibility to bacterial infections. Bovine herpesvirus (BHV)-1 is most common in pre-pubertal heifers, and can slow their growth, delay breeding, and increase the age at first calving. Previously infected animals subsequently show reduced fertility. Although this may be associated with lung damage, ovarian lesions have also been reported. Both BHV-1 and BHV-4 remain latent in the host following initial infection and may be reactivated later by stress, for example associated with calving and early lactation. While BHV-4 infection alone may not reduce fertility, it appears to act as a co-factor with established bacterial pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Trueperella pyogenes to promote the development of endometritis and delay uterine repair mechanisms after calving. Both Schmallenberg virus (SBV) and bluetongue virus (BTV) are transmitted by insect vectors and lead to increased abortion rates and congenital malformations. BTV-8 also impairs the development of hatched blastocysts; furthermore, infection around the time of breeding with either virus appears to reduce conception rates. Although the reductions in conception rates are often difficult to quantify, they are nevertheless sufficient to cause economic losses, which help to justify the benefits of vaccination and eradication schemes. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2019.07.020 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.07.020 id: cord-023528-z9rc0ubj author: Wilkins, Pamela A. title: Disorders of Foals date: 2009-05-18 words: 42569.0 sentences: 2235.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-023528-z9rc0ubj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-023528-z9rc0ubj.txt summary: First, restriction of the thorax or the abdomen can result in impaired ventilation, which can occur easily when one restrains a foal and may result in spuriously abnormal arterial blood gas values (see the discussion on arterial blood gas evaluation, Respiratory Diseases Associated with Hypoxemia in the Neonate). Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), currently referred to as neonatal encephalopathy in the human literature, is one systemic manifestation of a broader syndrome of perinatal asphyxia syndrome (PAS), and management of foals with signs consistent with a diagnosis of HIE requires the clinician to examine other body systems fully and to provide therapy directed at treating other involved systems. Therapy for the various manifestations of hypoxiaischemia involves control of seizures, general cerebral support, correction of metabolic abnormalities, maintenance of normal arterial blood gas values, maintenance of tissue perfusion, maintenance of renal function, treatment of gastrointestinal dysfunction, prevention and recognition and early treatment of secondary infections, and general supportive care. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7171908/ doi: 10.1016/b0-72-169777-1/50021-4 id: cord-319646-6cex9gid author: Wu, Guoyao title: Important roles of dietary taurine, creatine, carnosine, anserine and 4-hydroxyproline in human nutrition and health date: 2020-02-18 words: 21395.0 sentences: 998.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319646-6cex9gid.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319646-6cex9gid.txt summary: It is now recognized that taurine plays major roles in human physiology and nutrition, including serving as: (1) a nutrient to conjugate bile acids to form bile salts in the liver that facilitate intestinal absorption of dietary lipids (including lipid-soluble vitamins) and eliminate cholesterol in bile via the fecal route; (2) a major antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and anti-apoptotic factor in the body; (3) a physiological stabilizer of cell membranes; (4) a regulator of modulation of Ca 2+ signaling, fluid homeostasis in cells, and retinal photoreceptor activity; (5) a contributor Fig. 1 Absorption of taurine, creatine, carnosine, anserine, and 4-hydroxyproline by the human small intestine and the transport of the nutrients in blood. Dietary taurine, creatine, carnosine, anserine, and 4-hydroxyproline (which are all abundant in beef) play an important role in inhibiting oxidative stress (a common trigger of chronic diseases) and inflammation, ameliorating tissue (e.g., brain, heart, skeletal muscle, kidney, liver, and gut) injury, and improving metabolic profiles in animals and humans. abstract: Taurine (a sulfur-containing β-amino acid), creatine (a metabolite of arginine, glycine and methionine), carnosine (a dipeptide; β-alanyl-l-histidine), and 4-hydroxyproline (an imino acid; also often referred to as an amino acid) were discovered in cattle, and the discovery of anserine (a methylated product of carnosine; β-alanyl-1-methyl-l-histidine) also originated with cattle. These five nutrients are highly abundant in beef, and have important physiological roles in anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory reactions, as well as neurological, muscular, retinal, immunological and cardiovascular function. Of particular note, taurine, carnosine, anserine, and creatine are absent from plants, and hydroxyproline is negligible in many plant-source foods. Consumption of 30 g dry beef can fully meet daily physiological needs of the healthy 70-kg adult human for taurine and carnosine, and can also provide large amounts of creatine, anserine and 4-hydroxyproline to improve human nutrition and health, including metabolic, retinal, immunological, muscular, cartilage, neurological, and cardiovascular health. The present review provides the public with the much-needed knowledge of nutritionally and physiologically significant amino acids, dipeptides and creatine in animal-source foods (including beef). Dietary taurine, creatine, carnosine, anserine and 4-hydroxyproline are beneficial for preventing and treating obesity, cardiovascular dysfunction, and ageing-related disorders, as well as inhibiting tumorigenesis, improving skin and bone health, ameliorating neurological abnormalities, and promoting well being in infants, children and adults. Furthermore, these nutrients may promote the immunological defense of humans against infections by bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses (including coronavirus) through enhancing the metabolism and functions of monocytes, macrophages, and other cells of the immune system. Red meat (including beef) is a functional food for optimizing human growth, development and health. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32072297/ doi: 10.1007/s00726-020-02823-6 id: cord-302398-gsg6akaz author: Wu, Mengjie title: Microplastics in waters and soils: Occurrence, analytical methods and ecotoxicological effects date: 2020-10-01 words: 10325.0 sentences: 539.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302398-gsg6akaz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302398-gsg6akaz.txt summary: Despite that information on the detection, identification and quantification of MPs can be found in a number of papers (Claessens et al., 2011; Lebreton et al., 2017; Martin et al., 2018; Reddy et al., 2006; Xiong et al., 2019; Zobkov and Esiukova, 2018) , comprehensive studies on MPs which involve in their occurrence, distribution, sampling, pretreatment, characterization in freshwaters and sediments, as well as ecological influences on aquatic and soil organisms and humans are still needed. Therefore, the review aimed to: (1) present the occurrence and abundance of MP in some typical freshwater systems in China; (2) summarize frequently used sampling, pretreatment and characterization methods for MPs in waters and sediments; (3) elucidate ecological impacts of MPs on aquatic organisms, soil biota and human health; (4) point out knowledge gaps in current studies of MPs and make corresponding recommendations for further research. abstract: Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous in the environment and more abundant in the marine environment. Consequently, increasing focus has been put on MPs in oceans and seas, while little importance has been attached to their presence in freshwaters and soils. Therefore, this paper aimed to provide a comprehensive review of the occurrence, analysis and ecotoxicology of MPs. The abundance and distribution of MPs in several typical freshwater systems of China were summarized. It suggested that the surface water of Poyang Lake contained the highest concentration of 34 items/L MPs among all the 8 freshwater systems, and the content of MPs in sediments were higher than that of the surface water. Net-based zooplankton sampling methods are the most frequently utilized sampling methods for MPs, and density separation, elutriation and digestion are three major pretreatment methods. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and pyrolysis-gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry are often used to identify the polymer types of MPs. Besides, MPs might damage the digestive tract of various organisms and negatively inhibit their growth, feeding and reproduction. The ways of human exposure to MPs are by ingestion, inhalation and dermal exposure, digestive and respiratory system might be adversely influenced. However, potential health risks of MPs to humans are remained insufficiently researched. Overall, by showing the presence of MPs in freshwaters and soils as well as possible ecotoxicological effects on the environment and humans, this paper provided a framework for future research in this field. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0147651320307491 doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110910 id: cord-328814-s3963anw author: XU, Jing title: Exploration on the feasibility of moxibustion in prevention and treatment of COVID-19 from the perspective of modern medical mechanism date: 2020-06-11 words: 3454.0 sentences: 147.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328814-s3963anw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328814-s3963anw.txt summary: From the perspective of modern medical mechanism, during the prevention and treatment of novel coronaviral infection, moxibustion may be able to prevent and treat COVID-19 by improving the body''s immunity so as to conquer virus, by anti-inflammation to alleviate the inflammatory response of COVID-19 and by improving lung function to inhibit pulmonary fibrosis. In the treatment with moxibustion and infrared irradiation for community-acquired pneumonia, the results of purulent sputum disappearance time, fever relief time, rale absorption time, inflammation absorption time in chest X-ray test, the time length of hospital stay and the changes in serum inflammatory indexes, as well as immune function indexes are all better than those in the control group with western medication, indicating a better therapeutic effect and the improvement of immune functions in the patients [21] . Discussion on the effect pathways of preventing and treating coronavirus disease 2019 by acupuncture and moxibustion from the regulation of immune inflammatory response abstract: Novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) is rampant in many countries and regions and there is no time to delay the exploration of the scheme for its prevention and control. The pathogenic characteristics of novel coronavirus and the effect of moxibustion for warming up yang and strengthening the antipathogenic qi were analyzed in this paper. From the perspective of modern medical mechanism, during the prevention and treatment of novel coronaviral infection, moxibustion may be able to prevent and treat COVID-19 by improving the body's immunity so as to conquer virus, by anti-inflammation to alleviate the inflammatory response of COVID-19 and by improving lung function to inhibit pulmonary fibrosis. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wjam.2020.06.001 doi: 10.1016/j.wjam.2020.06.001 id: cord-316181-ccauw70y author: Yang, Fude title: Radix Bupleuri: A Review of Traditional Uses, Botany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology date: 2017-05-16 words: 5712.0 sentences: 305.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316181-ccauw70y.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316181-ccauw70y.txt summary: Crude extracts and pure compounds isolated from Radix Bupleuri exhibited various biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antipyretic, antimicrobial, antiviral, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and immunomodulatory effects. Pharmacokinetic studies have demonstrated that the major bioactive compounds (saikosaponins a, b(2), c, and d) were absorbed rapidly in rats after oral administration of the extract of Radix Bupleuri. Triterpenoid saponins are the main active components of Radix Bupleuri, which exhibit a broad spectrum of biological and pharmacological effects, including analgesic, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and antiviral activities [3, [41] [42] [43] . reported that saikosaponins from Radix Bupleuri exhibited anti-inflammatory activity on inflammatory processes including inhibition of inflammatory exudation, capillary permeability, inflammatory mediators release, migration of white cells, connective tissue hyperplasia, and a variety of allergic inflammation [67] . Saponins isolated from Radix Bupleuri also exhibited significantly anti-proliferative activity in human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells through Fas-dependent apoptotic pathway [80] . abstract: Radix Bupleuri (Chaihu) has been used as a traditional medicine for more than 2000 years in China, Japan, Korea, and other Asian countries. Phytochemical studies demonstrated that this plant contains essential oils, triterpenoid saponins, polyacetylenes, flavonoids, lignans, fatty acids, and sterols. Crude extracts and pure compounds isolated from Radix Bupleuri exhibited various biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antipyretic, antimicrobial, antiviral, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and immunomodulatory effects. However, Radix Bupleuri could also lead to hepatotoxicity, particularly in high doses and with long-term use. Pharmacokinetic studies have demonstrated that the major bioactive compounds (saikosaponins a, b(2), c, and d) were absorbed rapidly in rats after oral administration of the extract of Radix Bupleuri. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the traditional uses, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, and pharmacokinetics of Radix Bupleuri reported to date with an emphasis on its biological properties and mechanisms of action. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28593176/ doi: 10.1155/2017/7597596 id: cord-257514-gw9xnb4x author: Yang, Mengling title: Hydrogen: A Novel Option in Human Disease Treatment date: 2020-09-05 words: 10425.0 sentences: 526.0 pages: flesch: 33.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257514-gw9xnb4x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257514-gw9xnb4x.txt summary: H(2) gas may regulate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity, mitochondrial energy metabolism, endoplasmic reticulum stress, the immune system, and cell death (apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and circadian clock, among others) and has therapeutic potential for many systemic diseases. found that HW inhibited cardiomyocyte apoptosis by activating the PI3K/AKT and JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathways and can also reduce the level of oxidative stress in myocardial tissue by upregulating the expression of the nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2/antioxidant response element (Nrf2/ARE) signaling pathway, which alleviated I/R injury in isolated rat hearts [39, 40, 91] . Effects of hydrogen-rich water on the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in rats with myocardial 12 Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ischemia-reperfusion injury Effects of hydrogen-rich saline on early acute kidney injury in severely burned rats by suppressing oxidative stress induced apoptosis and inflammation abstract: H(2) has shown anti-inflammatory and antioxidant ability in many clinical trials, and its application is recommended in the latest Chinese novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) treatment guidelines. Clinical experiments have revealed the surprising finding that H(2) gas may protect the lungs and extrapulmonary organs from pathological stimuli in NCP patients. The potential mechanisms underlying the action of H(2) gas are not clear. H(2) gas may regulate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity, mitochondrial energy metabolism, endoplasmic reticulum stress, the immune system, and cell death (apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and circadian clock, among others) and has therapeutic potential for many systemic diseases. This paper reviews the basic research and the latest clinical applications of H(2) gas in multiorgan system diseases to establish strategies for the clinical treatment for various diseases. url: https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8384742 doi: 10.1155/2020/8384742 id: cord-354651-bxm9yxjm author: Zeng, Yawen title: Molecular Mechanism of Functional Ingredients in Barley to Combat Human Chronic Diseases date: 2020-03-30 words: 15969.0 sentences: 788.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354651-bxm9yxjm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354651-bxm9yxjm.txt summary: Chronic consumption of barley β-glucans can decrease fatty liver by increasing small intestinal contents viscosity and improving glucose, lower glycated hemoglobin and relative kidney weights [129] , strengthen the angiogenic ability of ROS-exposed endothelial cells for preventive heart disease [123] , and accelerate the wound closure by promoting the migration and proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts [133] . Therefore, functional ingredients in barley grass and grains are essential for the health contribution of modern human (Homo sapiens), Neanderthals, and early hominids staple food to prevent and treat human chronic diseases. In particular, the healthy effects of functional components of barley grains and grass are the result of longterm continuous evolution of early hominids (fruits/vegetables and leaves rich in polyphenols, K-Ca, and vitamins), Neanderthals (mushrooms and nuts rich in polysaccharides, phytosterols, and linoleic acids), and Homo sapiens (grasses and seeds rich in GABA, enzymes, and resistant starch), which associate with modern humans originating in the progenitor of African Homo sapiens with cognitive hominin, especially after interbreeding between Homo sapiens and Neanderthals that took place in the Middle East. abstract: Barley plays an important role in health and civilization of human migration from Africa to Asia, later to Eurasia. We demonstrated the systematic mechanism of functional ingredients in barley to combat chronic diseases, based on PubMed, CNKI, and ISI Web of Science databases from 2004 to 2020. Barley and its extracts are rich in 30 ingredients to combat more than 20 chronic diseases, which include the 14 similar and 9 different chronic diseases between grains and grass, due to the major molecular mechanism of six functional ingredients of barley grass (GABA, flavonoids, SOD, K-Ca, vitamins, and tryptophan) and grains (β-glucans, polyphenols, arabinoxylan, phytosterols, tocols, and resistant starch). The antioxidant activity of barley grass and grain has the same and different functional components. These results support findings that barley grain and its grass are the best functional food, promoting ancient Babylonian and Egyptian civilizations, and further show the depending functional ingredients for diet from Pliocene hominids in Africa and Neanderthals in Europe to modern humans in the world. This review paper not only reveals the formation and action mechanism of barley diet overcoming human chronic diseases, but also provides scientific basis for the development of health products and drugs for the prevention and treatment of human chronic diseases. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32318238/ doi: 10.1155/2020/3836172 id: cord-354459-90bvoy08 author: Zhang, Fan title: Research on the Applications of Calcium Propionate in Dairy Cows: A Review date: 2020-08-03 words: 7284.0 sentences: 324.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354459-90bvoy08.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354459-90bvoy08.txt summary: There are many important challenges in dairy production, including reducing the feed intake and metabolic diseases caused by a negative energy balance (NEB) [1] and milk fever [2] during the perinatal period and mycotoxin pollution [3] of feed induced by environmental and climatic conditions, which have negative effects on milk production and quality and pose a potential threat to human health. To update our knowledge on calcium propionate application for dairy cow performance and metabolism, we reviewed the effects of calcium propionate supplementation on decreasing feed mycotoxins, alleviating dairy cow NEB and milk fever, and promoting rumen development in dairy calves. During the perinatal period, calcium propionate is a good available energy source for preventing metabolic disorders in dairy cows, so it can be incorporated into the diet and increase the rumen concentration of propionate, which is the main precursor for glucose synthesis in the liver [27] . abstract: SIMPLE SUMMARY: In modern dairy cattle production systems, the mycotoxins in feed and metabolic disease, such as ketosis and milk fever, seriously affect the health and milk production of dairy cows. Calcium propionate is a safe and reliable food and additive that is widely used. It can be employed in silage and total mixed rations (TMR) against mycotoxin production. In the perinatal period, many cows cannot adjust to the tremendous metabolic, endocrine, and physiological changes, resulting in ketosis and fatty liver due to a negative energy balance or milk fever induced by hypocalcemia, which damages their health and reduces the production performance. Studies have revealed that calcium propionate can play an active role in solving these problems. It can also regulate rumen development in calves. This paper reviews the recent research progress regarding the application of calcium propionate in dairy cows and dairy calves. The key findings and mechanisms are summarized and potential further studies are suggested. ABSTRACT: Calcium propionate is a safe and reliable food and feed additive. It can be metabolized and absorbed by humans and animals as a precursor for glucose synthesis. In addition, calcium propionate provides essential calcium to mammals. In the perinatal period of dairy cows, many cows cannot adjust to the tremendous metabolic, endocrine, and physiological changes, resulting in ketosis and fatty liver due to a negative energy balance (NEB) or milk fever induced by hypocalcemia. On hot weather days, cow feed (TMR or silage) is susceptible to mildew, which produces mycotoxins. These two issues are closely related to dairy health and performance. Perinatal period metabolic disease significantly reduces cow production and increases the elimination rate because it causes major glucose and calcium deficiencies. Feeding a diet contaminated with mycotoxin leads to rumen metabolic disorders, a reduced reproductive rate (increased abortion rate), an increased number of milk somatic cells, and decreased milk production, as well as an increased occurrence of mastitis and hoof disease. Propionic acid is the primary gluconeogenic precursor in dairy cows and one of the safest mold inhibitors. Therefore, calcium propionate, which can be hydrolyzed into propionic acid and Ca(2+) in the rumen, may be a good feed additive for alleviating NEB and milk fever in the perinatal period of dairy cows. It can also be used to inhibit TMR or silage deterioration in hot weather and regulate rumen development in calves. This paper reviews the application of calcium propionate in dairy cows. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32756296/ doi: 10.3390/ani10081336 id: cord-024111-7yrftdp4 author: Zhang, Runzhi title: Traditional Chinese Medicine and Gut Microbiome: Their Respective and Concert Effects on Healthcare date: 2020-04-22 words: 8548.0 sentences: 474.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-024111-7yrftdp4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-024111-7yrftdp4.txt summary: Advances in systems biology, particularly based on the omics approaches, have resulted in a paradigm shift in both traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and the gut microbiome research. Dietary interventions might lead to the modulation of gut microbiome, which will contribute to weight loss, enhance the integrity of the intestinal barrier, and reduce the antigenic load in the circulation, ultimately improving the inflammatory and metabolic phenotypes (Xiao et al., 2014) . Previous studies have proven that TCM is conductive to maintain the homeostasis of the intestinal flora (Chang et al., 2015; Zhou et al., 2016) , and the gut microbiome could also exert pharmacological effects of the TCM on host (Park et al., 2006) , which render TCM a potential new drug in the western markets. Thus, research about relationship between TCM and gut microbiome is significant, which helps researchers to further study the pharmacological effects of TCM on the human body and the causal links among intestinal microbiome with disease. abstract: Advances in systems biology, particularly based on the omics approaches, have resulted in a paradigm shift in both traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and the gut microbiome research. In line with this paradigm shift, the importance of TCM and gut microbiome in healthcare, as well as their interplay, has become clearer. Firstly, we briefly summarize the current status of three topics in this review: microbiome, TCM, and relationship of TCM and microbiome. Second, we focused on TCM's therapeutic effects and gut microbiome's mediation roles, including the relationships among diet, gut microbiome, and health care. Third, we have summarized some databases and tools to help understand the impact of TCM and gut microbiome on diagnosis and treatment at the molecular level. Finally, we introduce the effects of gut microbiome on TCM and host health, with two case studies, one on the metabolic effect of gut microbiome on TCM, and another on cancer treatment. In summary, we have reviewed the current status of the two components of healthcare: TCM and gut microbiome, as well as their concert effects. It is quite clear that as the holobiont, the maintenance of the health status of human would depend heavily on TCM, gut microbiome, and their combined effects. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7188910/ doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00538 id: cord-333119-vu4qbcy1 author: Zhang, Xiao-rui title: The Important Role of Volatile Components From a Traditional Chinese Medicine Dayuan-Yin Against the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-25 words: 5854.0 sentences: 334.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333119-vu4qbcy1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333119-vu4qbcy1.txt summary: title: The Important Role of Volatile Components From a Traditional Chinese Medicine Dayuan-Yin Against the COVID-19 Pandemic Moreover, 1,8-cineole, the major constituent of the essential oil of Lanxangia tsao-ko (Crevost & Lemarie) M.F.Newman & Skornick., is commonly applied for treating inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract caused by viruses since it potentiates the antiviral effect of IRF3, in addition to its inhibitory effect on proinflammatory NF-kB signaling (Müller et al., 2016) . However, according to data collected by the National Health Commission of the people''s Republic of China, clinical practice in Chinese hospitals have reported that traditional Chinese medicine has a definite therapeutic effect in the early stages of COVID-19 infection . The antiinflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial and immunomodulatory effects of these volatiles seem to play the most critical roles in treating patients infected with COVID-19. Study on the Mechanism of Aromatic Traditional Chinese Medicine Compound on Prevention and Treatment of New Coronavirus Pneumonia abstract: Aromatic Chinese herbs have been used to prevent plagues since ancient times. Traditional Chinese medicine has unique advantages in the prevention and treatment of epidemic diseases. According to the traditional Chinese medicine treatment plan in the National COVID-19 Diagnosis and Treatment Plan (Trial Seventh Edition) of the National Health Commission, Chinese patent medicines or prescriptions rich in aromatic Chinese herbs are selected for prevention and treatment during the period of medical observation, clinical treatment, and recovery of confirmed COVID-19 patients. Some local health committees or traditional Chinese medicine administrations recommend a variety of other ways of using traditional aromatic Chinese herbs to prevent and cure COVID-19. These involve external fumigation, use of moxibustion, and wearing of sachet. The efficacy of aromatic Chinese herbs plays a decisive role in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. The unique properties, chemical composition, and mechanism of action of aromatic Chinese herbs are worthy of extensive and in-depth experimental and clinical research. The findings are expected to provide a reference for follow-up treatment of novel coronavirus and the development of corresponding drugs. In 2003, Dayuan-Yin produced excellent results in the treatment of the SARS virus. Individually, 112 confirmed cases were administered this drug between January and April 2003, and more than 93.7% of the patients showed noticeable mitigation of the symptoms, as well as recovery. Dayuan-Yin also was selected as one of the nationally recommended prescriptions for the COVID-19. Based on the national recommendation of Dayuan-Yin prescription, this review discusses the role of volatile components in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19, and speculates the possible mechanism of action, so as to provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33101037/ doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.583651 id: cord-313971-czcs1y9w author: Zhao, Yang title: Airborne Microorganisms From Livestock Production Systems and Their Relation to Dust date: 2014-04-16 words: 15181.0 sentences: 779.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313971-czcs1y9w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313971-czcs1y9w.txt summary: Specifically, in section 2, we identify the sources, species, size distributions, and concentrations of Identifying the source of microorganisms and dust in livestock production systems helps to elucidate how airborne transmission is generated, and ultimately can help to develop and implement strategies that prevent such transmission from beginning (Bull et al., 2006; Cambra-Lopez, 2010) . Investigations of the size distribution of microorganisms and dust in livestock production systems may provide a useful overview of their quantitative importance, indicate the health risk for human and animals, and facilitate the establishment and evaluation of control techniques. Previous studies showed that the biological decay of airborne microorganisms was species-dependent and was determined by many external factors, such as humidity, oxygen concentration, temperature, ozone concentration, radiation (UV, γ -ray, X-ray), air ions, and air pollutants (CO, SO 2 , and NO x ; Benbough, 1971; Lighthart, 1973) . abstract: Large amounts of airborne microorganisms are emitted from livestock production. These emitted microorganisms may associate with dust, and are suspected to pose a risk of airborne infection to humans in vicinity and to animals on other farms. However, the extent to which airborne transmission may play a role in the epidemic, and how dust acts as a carrier of microorganisms in the transmission processes is unknown. The authors present the current knowledge of the entire process of airborne transmission of microorganisms—from suspension and transportation until deposition and infection—and their relation to dust. The sampling and the mitigation techniques of airborne microorganisms and dust in livestock production systems are introduced as well. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32288664/ doi: 10.1080/10643389.2012.746064 id: cord-004584-bcw90f5b author: nan title: Abstracts: 8th EBSA European Biophysics Congress, August 23rd–27th 2011, Budapest, Hungary date: 2011-08-06 words: 106850.0 sentences: 5038.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-004584-bcw90f5b.txt txt: ./txt/cord-004584-bcw90f5b.txt summary: Our goals are two-fold: (1) to monitor conformational changes in each domain upon its binding to specific ligands and then to correlate the observed changes with structural differences between the CRDs and (2) to investigate the interaction between the CRDs and lipid model membranes. Cholesterol-assisted lipid and protein interactions such as the integration into lipid nanodomains are considered to play a functional part in a whole range of membrane-associated processes, but their direct and non-invasive observation in living cells is impeded by the resolution limit of [200nm of a conventional far-field optical microscope. Therefore, to investigate the dynamic and complex membrane lateral organization in living cells, we have developed an original approach based on molecule diffusion measurements performed by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy at different spatial scales (spot variable FCS, svFCS) (1). abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7080017/ doi: 10.1007/s00249-011-0734-z id: cord-004948-ad3i9wgj author: nan title: 7th International Congress on Amino Acids and Proteins : Vienna, Austria, August 6–10, 2001 date: 2001 words: 73534.0 sentences: 3588.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-004948-ad3i9wgj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-004948-ad3i9wgj.txt summary: Specific CTL were derived by immunization of HHD mice with tumor peptide extracts loaded on antigen presenting cells and with HHD transfected human tumor cell lines CTL induced against peptides from various tumors recognized tumor peptides more effectively than peptides extracted from normal tissues and also reacted with a serie of peptides derived from overexpressed candidate proteins, identified by differential display methods (SAGE, Microarrays) Comparison of CTL derived from HHD mice to CTL induced from patient''s PBMC showed overlapping recognition of many candidate peptides. By comparison of pro-teomic cell maps from normal controls and individuals affected with lysosomal transport disorders we have selected and identified several candidate disease-causing proteins, which have to be further studied by mutation analysis and functional expression. The results of the in vitro studies available to date strongly suggest that its effects on neuronal amino acid transport processes is mediated via some novel extracellular mechanism controlling the H ϩ (and/or other ionic) concentrations of neurones. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7087755/ doi: 10.1007/s007260170030 id: cord-005814-ak5pq312 author: nan title: 8th European Congress of Intensive Care Medicine Athens - Greece, October 18–22, 1995 Abstracts date: 1995 words: 179164.0 sentences: 12028.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-005814-ak5pq312.txt txt: ./txt/cord-005814-ak5pq312.txt summary: Results: In 5 patients with treated SS, 16 tests were performed (VL n=8; Dobu n=4; NA n=4 Method: Septic shock was defined as severe sepsis with either persistent hypotension (mean arterial pressure; MAP<70 mmHg) or the requirement for a noradrenaline (NA) infusion ~> 0.1 ~g/kg/min with a MAP _< 90mmHg. Cardiovascular support was limited to NA + dobutamine (DB), 546C88 was administered for up to 8 h at a fixed dose-rate of either i, 2.5, 5, 10 or 20 mg/kg/h iv. Methods: Fourteen cases were s~udied,their gestational age ranged from(27-32)ws.Continnous positive air way pressure was applied to six cases at Peep level from (3-6)cm H2o through nasal pronge,(group I),the other 8 cases were managed as routine,(group II).Blood gases, TcPO2,TcCo2,resp.rate,depth and pattern were monitored for assessment of tissue Oxygenation and ventilation, Results: Our rasults showed that early application of CPAP improve ventilation among (83.3%)of cases,while (16.7%)of cases need IMV.The cases of group II need IMV among (75%)of the studied cases during the second or the third day of life. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7095534/ doi: 10.1007/bf02426401 id: cord-006226-fn7zlutj author: nan title: Abstracts of the 4th annual meeting of the German Society of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapy: Hannover, 14–17 September 1994 date: 1994 words: 25050.0 sentences: 1344.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-006226-fn7zlutj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-006226-fn7zlutj.txt summary: The following were analysed: heart rate (HR, bpm), pre-ejection time (PEP, ms), ejection time (VET, ms), HR-corrected electromechanical systole (QS2c, ms), impedance-cardiographic estimates of stroke volume (SV, ml), cardiac output (CO, I/min) and peripheral resistance (TPR, dyn.s.cm -5) calculated from CO and mean blood pressure (SBP and DBP according to auscultatory Korotkoff-I and -IV sounds This indicates that 1) about half the rise of HR and CO and half the shortening of PEP is 131-respectively 1~2-determined, 2) that predominant 132-adrenergic responses, whilst not affecting VET, take optimal benefit from the inodilatory enhancement of pump performance, 3) that an additional 131-adrenergic stimulation is proportionally less efficient, as VET is dramatically shortened, thus blunting the gain in SV so that the rise in CO relies substantially on the amplified increase of HR and 4), VET is more sensitive than QS2c in expressing additional 131-adrenoceptor agonism and 5) prime systolic time intervals provide a less speculative and physiologically more meaningful represenation of cardiac pump dynamics than HR-corrected ones. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7100636/ doi: 10.1007/bf00193489 id: cord-006229-7yoilsho author: nan title: Abstracts of the 82(nd) Annual Meeting of the German Society for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (DGPT) and the 18(th) Annual Meeting of the Network Clinical Pharmacology Germany (VKliPha) in cooperation with the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Angewandte Humanpharmakologie e.V. (AGAH) date: 2016-02-06 words: 133493.0 sentences: 6804.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-006229-7yoilsho.txt txt: ./txt/cord-006229-7yoilsho.txt summary: It directly activates Protein Kinase A (PKA) or the Exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac) which is a guanine exchange factor (GEF) for the small monomeric GTPase Rap. As Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) express both cAMP effectors (Epac1 and PKA), we investigated the role of cAMP-signaling using a spheroid based sprouting assay as an in vitro model for angiogenesis. After activation, S1P receptors regulate important processes in the progression of renal diseases, such as mesangial cell migration Methods and Results: Here we demonstrate that dexamethasone treatment lowered S1P 1 mRNA and protein expression levels in rat mesangial cells measured by TaqMan® and Western blot analyses. The aim of this study was to investigate the relevance of IGFBP5 in cardiogenesis and cardiac remodeling and its role as a potential target for ameliorating stress-induced cardiac remodeling Methods and Results: We investigated the expression of Igfbp5 in murine cardiac tissue at different developmental stages by qPCR normalized to Tpt1 (Tumor Protein, Translationally-Controlled 1). abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7100641/ doi: 10.1007/s00210-016-1213-y id: cord-006230-xta38e7j author: nan title: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie e.V. date: 2012-02-22 words: 135419.0 sentences: 7042.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-006230-xta38e7j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-006230-xta38e7j.txt summary: Here, we will present our analysis of Ca 2+ signaling following stimulation of the FcεRI receptor and application of secretagogues that are supposed to affect Ca 2+ -dependent mast cell activation such as adenosine, endothelin-1, substance P and compound 48/80 in BMMCs and PMCs derived from mouse lines with inactivation of TRPC1, TRPC3, TRPC4, TRPC5 or TRPC6 since specific antagonists are still lacking for these TRP channels. These data indicate that increased PP2A activity is associated with modified gene expression in TG hearts possibly affecting stress response and regulation of cell signalling. As demonstrated by qPCR and Western blot experiments, mesangial cells showed a marked time-and dose-dependent upregulation of CSE mRNA and protein levels after treatment with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB). The transcription factor cAMP response element (CRE)-binding protein (CREB) plays a critical role in regulating gene expression in response to activation of the cAMPdependent signaling pathway, which is implicated in the pathophysiology of heart failure. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7100643/ doi: 10.1007/s00210-012-0736-0 id: cord-006391-esnsa4u5 author: nan title: Abstracts 5(th) Tripartite Meeting Salzburg/Austria, September 9–11,1982 date: 1982 words: 44844.0 sentences: 2433.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-006391-esnsa4u5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-006391-esnsa4u5.txt summary: In our parallel tests using an excision-sample technique [2] which is considerably more sensitive than the DGHM procedure, we have observed the following mean reductions in the counts of accessible bacteria: iodine in ethanol, 96%; povidone-iodine, 89%; chlorhexidine in ethanol, 88%; iso-propanol, The purpose of this study was to compare radiation injury in Guinea Pig small bowel (1) devoid of contents (2) containing bile (3) containing pancreatic juice. Studies in vitro employing isolated perfused rat pancreas and stomach revealed following results: Mean basal pancreatic somatostatin release in normal, diabetic and transplanted rats were 12___3, 24-t-7, and 17__+4 pg/ml, respectively. As these changes appear closely correlated to the blood glucose levels which show a 30 % decrease at 4 h and progressive restoration towards normal values up to 24 h, attempts have been made to alter the insulin/glucagon ratio by glucose infusion after PH and study its relation to liver regeneration. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7101735/ doi: 10.1007/bf01279099 id: cord-008777-i2reanan author: nan title: ECB12: 12th European Congess on Biotechnology date: 2005-07-19 words: 151383.0 sentences: 7577.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-008777-i2reanan.txt txt: ./txt/cord-008777-i2reanan.txt summary: Mollerup Department of Chemical Engineering, Building 229, DTU, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark A variety of factors that govern the properties of proteins are utilized in the development of chromatographic processes for the recovery of biological products including the binding and release of protons, the non-covalent association with non-polar groups (often hydrophobic interactions), the association of small ions (ion exchange) and the highly specific antigen-antibody interaction (affinity interactions). Such fermenters will be needed in order to meet the increasing pressure on costs for low price commodity type products such as single cell protein or food and technical grade enzymes, and to meet the demands of the new wave of white biotech, in which bio-produced chemicals must be made at prices competitive with those of the traditional chemical industry. The presentation will focus on use of the sensitive sandwich hybridization technology for the quantitative analysis of process relevant marker genes in different kind of microbial cell cultures with a focus on the production of recombinant proteins. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7134330/ doi: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2005.06.005 id: cord-009694-e59kuwf1 author: nan title: Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Animal Health and Welfare (AHAW) on a request from the Commission related with the risks of poor welfare in intensive calf farming systems date: 2006-06-06 words: 40663.0 sentences: 2064.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-009694-e59kuwf1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-009694-e59kuwf1.txt summary: Prevention of typical calf diseases in the first 6 months of life such as diarrhoea and enzootic bronchopneumonia requires a systematic approach by improving management and housing conditions, specifically the preparation of the cow, hygiene of the calving environment, including dry clean bedding and high air quality, immediate supply with maternal antibodies, no mixing with older animals and careful attention and a rapid response to any sign indicating disease. -Space requirements -Health monitoring systems and the effect of such on clinical health in calves -Infection transmission (respiratory and digestive diseases) due to direct contact between calves in relation to social benefits of mixing -Pain relief when disbudding, dehorning and castrating calves -Design of appropriate ventilation systems for calves in confined rearing conditions -Health and environmental effects of feeding minerals as antimicrobial agents -For quantitative food safety risk categorization of farming systems individually, and/or their related ranking, further scientific information is needed. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7163428/ doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2006.366 id: cord-015021-pol2qm74 author: nan title: Third International Congress on the Immune Consequences of Trauma, Shock and Sepsis —Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches date: 1994 words: 162327.0 sentences: 9379.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-015021-pol2qm74.txt txt: ./txt/cord-015021-pol2qm74.txt summary: It is our current understanding that LPS is responsible for many of the pathophysiological events observed during gramnegative infections and that one of the major mechanisms leading to shock and death is the LPS-induced activation of macrophages resulting in the production and release of lipid and peptide mediators, among which tumor necrosis factor seems to be the most important. However plasma IL-6 estimation revealed a statistically significant reduction at 6 hours in tanrine-treated animals compared to glycino and TW controls ( Objective: To evaluate the effects of allogeneic blood transfusion, thermal injury and bacterial garage on interteukin 4 (IL-4), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) production and host mortality and to study if the administration of thymopentth (THY) could affect these events. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7095072/ doi: 10.1007/bf02258437 id: cord-015147-h0o0yqv8 author: nan title: Oral Communications and Posters date: 2014-09-12 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7095932/ doi: 10.1007/bf03353884 id: cord-022658-mq91h15t author: nan title: Executive summary date: 2008-12-30 words: 12004.0 sentences: 656.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-022658-mq91h15t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-022658-mq91h15t.txt summary: Patients with rhinitis or asthma caused by allergens for which the clinical efficacy and safety of SIT have been documented by placebo-controlled, doubleblind studies, and those requiring daily pharmacotherapy for longer periods (e.g., preventive treatment during a pollen season or perennially) are candidates for SIT. in most cases when significant airway comorbidity is present (asthma, chronic sinusitis, nasal polyps, or otitis media with effusion) when the diagnosis is in question or special diagnostic testing is required when occupational rhinitis is suspected, to distinguish between clear-cut allergic reactions and toxic or nonallergic reactions when poor symptom control necessitates a consultation for environmental control measures, pharmacotherapy, or specific immunotherapy when medication side-effects are intolerable when rhinitis is only part of a complex series of mucosal allergies. abstract: Allergic rhinitis is now recognized as a major cause of morbidity that significantly impairs function and quality of life. Moreover, it is now widely held that the pathophysiologic mechanisms causing nasal allergy contribute, or predispose many individuals, to the development of other airway diseases, including asthma. Allergic rhinitis may well be a factor in 24% of children with otitis media with effusion (OME), and perhaps 28% of cases of chronic sinusitis. As many as 78% of persons with asthma aged 15 to 30 years have elevated serum IgE antibodies to five common aeroallergens. In many instances, nasal allergy signals the presence of more severe disease. Considerable evidence now suggests that early and appropriate intervention can improve the quality of life and productivity of patients with allergic rhinitis, enhance the academic performance of children, and reduce the prevalence of airway complications. The goal of treatment has shifted from mere symptom alleviation to blocking the pathophysiologic mechanisms that cause chronic allergic inflammation and leave patients vulnerable to airway infections. The earlier in a patient's life that this can be accomplished, the better the anticipated consequences. A panel of experts was convened in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, on 2 September 1996, to explore these issues and their impact on allergy prevention and treatment in primary care. Their undertaking was supported by an unrestricted educational grant from Schering‐Plough Pharmaceuticals. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7159496/ doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.1998.tb04885.x id: cord-022940-atbjwpo5 author: nan title: Poster Sessions date: 2016-09-07 words: 241182.0 sentences: 12746.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-022940-atbjwpo5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-022940-atbjwpo5.txt summary: We have studied the effect of inhibition of IRE1 (inositol requiring enzyme 1), which is a central mediator of endoplasmic reticulum stress and controls cell proliferation and tumor growth, on hypoxic regulation of the expression of different proliferation related genes in U87 glioma cells. Transient inhibition of Akt and mTOR protein kinase activation in tumor cells followed by reactivation of signaling pathway did not result in a time-dependent difference on EGFR, HER2 and HER3 expression levels. In our study we aimed to determine cytotoxic effect of RES in K562 human CML cell line and to evaluate the expressions of miRNAs that are associated with genetics of leukemia after treatment with RES; to investigate target genes of miRNAs which show significant expression alterations and molecular mechanisms of RES treatment. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7164006/ doi: 10.1111/febs.13808 id: cord-026028-qj290zu6 author: nan title: Spezielle Arzneimitteltherapie in der Schwangerschaft date: 2008-12-10 words: 79929.0 sentences: 10492.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-026028-qj290zu6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-026028-qj290zu6.txt summary: Früher behauptete Zusammenhänge zwischen mütterlicher Therapie und erhöhtem Risiko für eine nekrotisierende Enterokolitis (NEC) beim Neugeborenen wurden unter anderem in einer Studie an 59 Schwangeren widerlegt, die Theophyllin als Tokolytikum oder zur Surfactantbildung vor Woche 34 erhalten hatten (Zanardo 1996) . B. für das Anticholinergikum Glycopyrronium) offenbar gut vom Fetus vertragen (Ure 1999 Mesalazin wird sehr häufig in der Schwangerschaft verordnet, ohne dass sich bisher Hinweise auf teratogene Wirkungen ergeben haben (Habel 1993 , Diav-Citrin 1998 , Marteau 1998 Ursodeoxycholsäure wirkt bei hepatozellulären Schäden, die durch Gallensäuren induziert sind, also vor allem bei cholestatischen Erkrankungen, wie der primär biliären Zirrhose. Kein Anhalt für ein erhöhtes Fehlbildungsrisiko fand sich hingegen in anderen prospektiven Kohortenstudien und retrospektiven Untersuchungen mit über 600 Frauen, die in den Monaten vor oder während einer Schwangerschaft meist wegen Vaginalmykose niedrig dosiert (150 mg/Tag) mit Fluconazol behandelten wurden (Jick 1999 , Sørensen 1999 , Campomori 1997 , Mastroiacovo 1996 , Inman 1994 . abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7271219/ doi: 10.1016/b978-343721332-8.50004-1 id: cord-030909-6if3qquj author: nan title: Perspectives on the Economics of the Environment in the Shadow of Coronavirus date: 2020-08-27 words: 28248.0 sentences: 1347.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-030909-6if3qquj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-030909-6if3qquj.txt summary: Based on these points, it becomes clear that a green recovery plan with resources directed towards achieving the combined objective of both providing the necessary economic stimuli for recovery and also promoting the transition to a low-carbon economy and adaptation to climate change along with investment in natural capital and increase in comprehensive savings could be a feasible and efficient plan. The current global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions trajectory indicates that the world is likely to experience catastrophic consequences due to climate change, unless swift action is taken towards funding green solutions and the defunding of fossil fuel activities ( Given the ambition of the European Union to become a net zero-carbon economy by 2050 and the numerous calls to avoid the bailout and stimulus packages towards fossil fuel companies , we examine whether the features of the European Central Bank''s (ECB) €1350 billion Pandemic Emergency Purchase Programme (PEPP) encourages the resilience of the incumbent fossil fuel sector, or whether it promotes the growth of the emerging low-carbon energy sector during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7450147/ doi: 10.1007/s10640-020-00493-2 id: cord-257167-rz4r5sj7 author: nan title: Abstracts for the 29th Annual Meeting of the Japan Neuroscience Society (Neuroscience2006) date: 2006-12-31 words: 240925.0 sentences: 13617.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257167-rz4r5sj7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257167-rz4r5sj7.txt summary: SY1-3-11-3 SAD: A novel kinase implicated in phosphoproteome at the presynaptic active zone Toshihisa Ohtsuka Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine/Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan SAD is a serine/threonine kianse, which has been shown to regulate various neuronal functions during development, including clustering synaptic vesicles, maturation of synapses, and axon/dendrite polarization: these have recently been revealed by genetic studies in C. The results suggest that EAAT4 plays a major role in regulating the concentration of CF transmitters, possibly glutamate, in the route of its extrasynaptic diffusion, and determining the degree of CF-induced inhibition of GABA release from BCs depending on the regional difference of EAAT4 expression in postsynaptic PCs. Chitoshi Takayama 1 , Yoshiro Inoue 1 1 Department of Molecular Neuroanatomy, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan GABA mediates inhibitory transmission in the adult central nervous system (CNS). abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S016801020600085X doi: 10.1016/j.neures.2006.04.004 id: cord-339475-okw6la2b author: nan title: Chapter 11 Health effects date: 2005-12-31 words: 3084.0 sentences: 193.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339475-okw6la2b.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339475-okw6la2b.txt summary: As an indication of their effectiveness, about one half of all 3-~tm particles inhaled through the mouth deposit in the alveolar region. As an indication of their effectiveness, about one half of all 3-~tm particles inhaled through the mouth deposit in the alveolar region. The diseases resulting from exposure to ambient aerosols include pulmonary emphysema, bronchitis, and, perhaps, lung cancer. However, none of the harmful components mentioned above exists in ambient particles at sufficiently high concentration levels to cause a specific disease. Complexity in chemical characteristics of ambient particles has led to considerable difficulty in identifying the components responsible for adverse health effects. Aerosol particles can serve as an effective carrier for ambient peroxides and reactive oxygen species to reach the alveolar region. When these reactive species are adsorbed on particle surfaces, they can easily reach the alveolar region and thereby lead to an adverse effect greater than in tracheobronchial airways. Pulmonary effects of inhaled ultrafine particles abstract: Abstract There are beneficial as well as harmful aerosols. According to their nature, harmful particles can be classified into three categories: chemically toxic, infectious, and radioactive. In general, there is a relationship between the response and the dose received. A biochemically active particle may contain only a small amount of active agents. In this respect, an inhaled particle simply acts as a carrier that facilitates delivery of deleterious or beneficial components to specific surface areas of lung airways. In view of the tortuous narrow passageways and sharp turns they have to go through, aerosol particles are an effective carrier. As an indication of their effectiveness, about one half of all 3-m particles inhaled through the mouth deposit in the alveolar region. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1573428505800158 doi: 10.1016/s1573-4285(05)80015-8 id: cord-356062-7q5n4t97 author: nan title: Cumulative pharmacological activity index volumes 1-30 date: 2005-12-31 words: 6346.0 sentences: 501.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-356062-7q5n4t97.txt txt: ./txt/cord-356062-7q5n4t97.txt summary: abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter lists the important subjects on pharmacological activity that are discussed in the publication Studies in Natural Products Chemistry, Volumes 1–30, such as abdominal constriction test, acanthoic acid, acetaminophen, Parkinson's disease, photodynamic activity, prostaglandins, and oleanolic acid. The terms are mentioned along with the page numbers in which they are discussed in the publication. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1572599505801012 doi: 10.1016/s1572-5995(05)80101-2 id: cord-345696-gwbi6nlt author: Álvarez-Castro, José M. title: Gene–Environment Interaction in the Era of Precision Medicine – Filling the Potholes Rather Than Starting to Build a New Road date: 2020-10-06 words: 6217.0 sentences: 261.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345696-gwbi6nlt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345696-gwbi6nlt.txt summary: (2019) provide a probabilistic approach based on a Bayesian framework to hierarchically model geneenvironment interaction, leading to a population-dependent index, C, called the genetic coefficient of the disease (at a population)-"a large C indicates large distinguishability of case genomes from control genomes." Then they illustrate the performance of the proposed methodology using a built-up example in which the disease susceptibility is by default very low (0.01) and it significantly increases due to either environmental (exposure) or genetic (risk allele) factors or both, to 0.4, 0.5, and 0.9, respectively. Using previous extensions of classical models of genetic effects (Álvarez-Castro and Yang, 2011; Alvarez-Castro and Crujeiras, 2019), the COIA regression framework for gene-environment interaction developed above and its implementation into an ARNOIA model can be extended to several, possibly multiallelic, loci with arbitrary epistasis and arbitrary departures from linkage equilibrium and simultaneously to several environmental variables with multiple environmental instances, with nonrandom associations (i.e., correlations) of environmental variables and of genotypes and environments. abstract: Gene–environment interaction is a key part of evolutionary biology, animal, and plant breeding, and a number of health sciences, like epidemiology and precision medicine. However, bottlenecks in models of gene–environment interaction have recently been made manifest, particularly in the field of medicine and, consequently, specific improvements have been explicitly requested—namely, an implementation of gene–environment interaction satisfactorily disentangled from gene–environment correlation. The present paper meets those demands by providing mathematical developments that implement classical models of genetic effects and bring them up to date with the prospects current available data bestow. These developments are shown to overcome the limitations of previous proposals through the analysis of illustrative examples on disease susceptibility, with special attention paid to precision medicine. Indeed, a number of misconceptions about the application of models of genetic/environmental effects to precision medicine are here identified and clarified. The theory here provided is argued to strengthen, in particular, the methodology required for high-precision characterization of strain virulence in the study of the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2020.00921 doi: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00921 id: cord-006636-xgikbdns author: Ühlein, E. title: Übersicht Über neue ernährungswissenschaftliche Publikationen date: 1964-02-01 words: 31038.0 sentences: 4914.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-006636-xgikbdns.txt txt: ./txt/cord-006636-xgikbdns.txt summary: L. : Effect of a low dietary level of three types of fat on reproductive performance and tissue lipid content of the vitamin B6-deficicnt female rat. H.: Effect of dietary protein and fat on growth, protein utilization, and carcass composition of pigs fed purified diets. Effect of food fats on concentration of ketone bodies and citric acid level in blood and tissues Effect of a low dietary level of three types of fat on reproductive performance and tissue lipid content of the vitamin B6-defieient female rat The effect on the serum cholesterol levels of the consumption of a special dietary fat with a high content of unsaturated fatty acids in elderly people Effect of protein intake and cold exposure on selected liver enzymes associated with amino acid metabolism Effect of protein intake and cold exposure on selected liver enzymes associated with amino acid metabolism abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7102153/ doi: 10.1007/bf02021334 id: cord-260413-elyn2fdh author: Żółkiewicz, Jakub title: Postbiotics—A Step Beyond Pre- and Probiotics date: 2020-07-23 words: 8235.0 sentences: 408.0 pages: flesch: 29.0 cache: ./cache/cord-260413-elyn2fdh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260413-elyn2fdh.txt summary: As an imbalance in the intestinal microbiota can lead to the development of several diseases (e.g., type 1 diabetes, cancer, among others), the use of prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics to alter the gut microbiome has attracted recent interest. Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei supernatants have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects on intestinal epithelial cells, macrophages, and neutrophils by reducing the secretion of the pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) cytokine and increasing secretion of the According to the current literature, postbiotics are not considered as synbiotics. Furthermore, Lactobacillus strains with increased catalase activity were more effective in relieving inflammation in a mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease than strains of the same bacterium producing SOD (both strains decreased the body temperature comparing to the controls with p < 0.05) [34] . abstract: As an imbalance in the intestinal microbiota can lead to the development of several diseases (e.g., type 1 diabetes, cancer, among others), the use of prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics to alter the gut microbiome has attracted recent interest. Postbiotics include any substance released by or produced through the metabolic activity of the microorganism, which exerts a beneficial effect on the host, directly or indirectly. As postbiotics do not contain live microorganisms, the risks associated with their intake are minimized. Here, we provided a critical review of postbiotics described in the literature, including their mechanisms of action, clinical characteristics, and potential therapeutic applications. We detailed the pleiotropic effects of postbiotics, including their immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer properties. Although the use of postbiotics is an attractive strategy for altering the microbiome, further study into its efficacy and safety is warranted. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12082189 doi: 10.3390/nu12082189 ==== make-pages.sh questions [ERIC WAS HERE] ==== make-pages.sh search /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/make-pages.sh: line 77: /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/tmp/search.htm: No such file or directory Traceback (most recent call last): File "/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/tsv2htm-search.py", line 51, in with open( TEMPLATE, 'r' ) as handle : htm = handle.read() FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/tmp/search.htm' ==== make-pages.sh topic modeling corpus Zipping study carrel