key: cord-355873-e5cd4o0q authors: Shah, Bakht Ramin; Li, Bin; Al Sabbah, Haleama; Xu, Wei; Mraz, Jan title: Effects of prebiotic dietary fibers and probiotics on human health: With special focus on recent advancement in their encapsulated formulations date: 2020-06-23 journal: Trends Food Sci Technol DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.06.010 sha: doc_id: 355873 cord_uid: e5cd4o0q BACKGROUND: Dietary fibers (DFs) are known as potential formulations in human health due to their beneficial effects in control of life-threatening chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes mellitus, obesity and cancer. In recent decades scientists around the globe have shown tremendous interest to evaluate the interplay between DFs and gastrointestinal (GIT) microbiota. Evidences from various epidemiological and clinical trials have revealed that DFs modulate formation and metabolic activities of the microbial communities residing in the human GIT which in turn play significant roles in maintaining health and well-being. Furthermore, interestingly, a rapidly growing literature indicates success of DFs being prebiotics in immunomodulation, namely the stimulation of innate, cellular and humoral immune response, which could also be linked with their significant roles in modulation of the probiotics (live beneficial microorganisms). SCOPE AND APPROACH: The main focus of the current review is to expressively highlight the importance of DFs being prebiotics in human health in association with their influence on gut microbiota. Now in order to significantly achieve the promising health benefits from these prebiotics, it is aimed to develop novel formulations to enhance and scale up their efficacy. Therefore, finally, herein unlike previously published articles, we highlighted different kinds of prebiotic and probiotic formulations which are being regarded as hot research topics among the scientific community now a days. CONCLUSION: The information in this article will specifically provide a platform for the development of novel functional foods the demands for which has risen drastically in recent years. The word dietary fiber (DF), denoting undigestible extremely intricate carbohydrates and lignins, 61 was first described by Eben Hipsley in his article after seeing people consuming diets high in 62 fiber-rich foods (Hipsley, 1953) . In a more elaborated way, DFs comprises a large group of is generally believed that the bacterial flora residing in the GIT vary from to person to person, 91 however, mainly it remains stable over time periods (Rodríguez et al., 2015) . In this perspective, shorter duration of RV acute watery diarrhea (Islek et al., 2014) . Also, milk fermented with B. In light of the potential health benefits of prebiotics & probiotic given in fig. 2 409 Nowadays a strong and efficient inner defense mechanism (immunity) is more and more 455 In recent years a greater attention has been attracted by different kinds of prebiotic formulations. thereby influencing the production of SCFAs, the balance of which is vital to maintain gut health. Among all the produced SCFAs, butyrate may be regarded as the most beneficial one for colonic 518 health, which could be due to is principal energy source for the colonycytes as well as its role in 519 modulating cell turnover in the colon. This implies that ensuring an adequate supply of DFs, 520 such that to maintain raised butyrate levels is throughout the entire length of the large intestine, Key factors influencing the composition as well as metabolic activities of gut microbiota Roles and potential health benefits of prebiotics & probiotics Interplay between dietary fiber and colonic microbiome 2) The effects of DFs in control of chronic diseases and viral infections was described 3) The importance of dietary fibers being prebiotics was highlighted in detail 4) Encapsulation of pre and prebiotics for their protection in gut environment is crucial 5) Advancements in new pre & probiotics-based formulations have been focused Gastrointestinal effects of low-digestible carbohydrates Metagenomic systems biology of the human 627 gut microbiome reveals topological shifts associated with obesity and inflammatory bowel 628 disease Inflammatory mechanisms in obesity. 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