id sid tid token lemma pos cord-026559-xx52u01h 1 1 key key NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 1 2 : : : cord-026559-xx52u01h 2 1 cord-026559-xx52u01h cord-026559-xx52u01h NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 3 1 authors author NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 3 2 : : : cord-026559-xx52u01h 3 3 Tripathi Tripathi NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 3 4 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 3 5 Siddhartha Siddhartha NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 3 6 ; ; : cord-026559-xx52u01h 3 7 Agrawal Agrawal NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 3 8 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 3 9 Amit Amit NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 4 1 title title NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 4 2 : : : cord-026559-xx52u01h 4 3 Blood Blood NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 4 4 Plasma Plasma NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 4 5 Microfluidic Microfluidic NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 4 6 Device Device NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 4 7 : : : cord-026559-xx52u01h 4 8 Aiming aim VBG cord-026559-xx52u01h 4 9 for for IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 4 10 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 4 11 Detection Detection NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 4 12 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 4 13 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 4 14 Antibodies Antibodies NNPS cord-026559-xx52u01h 4 15 Using use VBG cord-026559-xx52u01h 4 16 an an DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 4 17 On on IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 4 18 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 4 19 Chip chip NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 4 20 ELISA ELISA NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 4 21 Platform Platform NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 4 22 date date NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 4 23 : : : cord-026559-xx52u01h 4 24 2020 2020 CD cord-026559-xx52u01h 4 25 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 4 26 06 06 CD cord-026559-xx52u01h 4 27 - - SYM cord-026559-xx52u01h 4 28 10 10 CD cord-026559-xx52u01h 4 29 journal journal NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 4 30 : : : cord-026559-xx52u01h 5 1 Trans Trans NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 5 2 Indian Indian NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 5 3 Natl Natl NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 5 4 DOI DOI NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 5 5 : : : cord-026559-xx52u01h 5 6 10.1007 10.1007 CD cord-026559-xx52u01h 5 7 / / SYM cord-026559-xx52u01h 5 8 s41403 s41403 NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 5 9 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 5 10 020 020 CD cord-026559-xx52u01h 5 11 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 5 12 00123 00123 CD cord-026559-xx52u01h 5 13 - - SYM cord-026559-xx52u01h 5 14 9 9 CD cord-026559-xx52u01h 5 15 sha sha NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 5 16 : : : cord-026559-xx52u01h 5 17 3372b61474629cdc64692c9ca22fe1fdadd64239 3372b61474629cdc64692c9ca22fe1fdadd64239 CD cord-026559-xx52u01h 6 1 doc_id doc_id CD cord-026559-xx52u01h 6 2 : : : cord-026559-xx52u01h 6 3 26559 26559 CD cord-026559-xx52u01h 6 4 cord_uid cord_uid NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 6 5 : : : cord-026559-xx52u01h 6 6 xx52u01h xx52u01h . cord-026559-xx52u01h 7 1 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 7 2 is be VBZ cord-026559-xx52u01h 7 3 a a DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 7 4 public public JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 7 5 health health NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 7 6 emergency emergency NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 7 7 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 7 8 international international JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 7 9 concern concern NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 7 10 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 8 1 Detection detection NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 8 2 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 8 3 SARS SARS NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 8 4 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 8 5 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 8 6 virus virus NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 8 7 is be VBZ cord-026559-xx52u01h 8 8 an an DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 8 9 important important JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 8 10 step step NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 8 11 towards towards IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 8 12 containing contain VBG cord-026559-xx52u01h 8 13 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 8 14 virus virus NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 8 15 spread spread VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 8 16 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 9 1 Although although IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 9 2 viral viral JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 9 3 detection detection NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 9 4 using use VBG cord-026559-xx52u01h 9 5 molecular molecular JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 9 6 diagnostic diagnostic JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 9 7 methods method NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 9 8 is be VBZ cord-026559-xx52u01h 9 9 quite quite RB cord-026559-xx52u01h 9 10 common common JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 9 11 and and CC cord-026559-xx52u01h 9 12 efficient efficient JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 9 13 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 9 14 these these DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 9 15 methods method NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 9 16 are be VBP cord-026559-xx52u01h 9 17 prone prone JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 9 18 to to IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 9 19 errors error NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 9 20 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 9 21 laborious laborious JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 9 22 and and CC cord-026559-xx52u01h 9 23 time time NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 9 24 consuming consume VBG cord-026559-xx52u01h 9 25 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 10 1 There there EX cord-026559-xx52u01h 10 2 is be VBZ cord-026559-xx52u01h 10 3 an an DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 10 4 urgent urgent JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 10 5 need need NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 10 6 for for IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 10 7 blood blood NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 10 8 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 10 9 based base VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 10 10 tests test NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 10 11 which which WDT cord-026559-xx52u01h 10 12 are be VBP cord-026559-xx52u01h 10 13 simple simple JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 10 14 to to TO cord-026559-xx52u01h 10 15 use use VB cord-026559-xx52u01h 10 16 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 10 17 accurate accurate JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 10 18 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 10 19 less less JJR cord-026559-xx52u01h 10 20 time time NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 10 21 consuming consume VBG cord-026559-xx52u01h 10 22 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 10 23 portable portable JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 10 24 and and CC cord-026559-xx52u01h 10 25 cost cost NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 10 26 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 10 27 effective effective JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 10 28 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 11 1 Human human JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 11 2 blood blood NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 11 3 plasma plasma NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 11 4 contains contain VBZ cord-026559-xx52u01h 11 5 water water NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 11 6 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 11 7 proteins protein NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 11 8 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 11 9 organic organic JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 11 10 and and CC cord-026559-xx52u01h 11 11 in in IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 11 12 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 11 13 organic organic JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 11 14 substances substance NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 11 15 including include VBG cord-026559-xx52u01h 11 16 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 11 17 and and CC cord-026559-xx52u01h 11 18 viruses virus NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 11 19 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 12 1 Blood blood NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 12 2 plasma plasma NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 12 3 can can MD cord-026559-xx52u01h 12 4 be be VB cord-026559-xx52u01h 12 5 effectively effectively RB cord-026559-xx52u01h 12 6 used use VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 12 7 to to TO cord-026559-xx52u01h 12 8 detect detect VB cord-026559-xx52u01h 12 9 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 12 10 antibodies antibody NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 12 11 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 13 1 The the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 13 2 immune immune JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 13 3 system system NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 13 4 generates generate VBZ cord-026559-xx52u01h 13 5 antibodies antibody NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 13 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 13 7 IgM IgM NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 13 8 / / SYM cord-026559-xx52u01h 13 9 IgG IgG NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 13 10 proteins protein NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 13 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 13 12 in in IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 13 13 response response NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 13 14 to to IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 13 15 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 13 16 virus virus NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 13 17 and and CC cord-026559-xx52u01h 13 18 identification identification NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 13 19 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 13 20 these these DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 13 21 antibodies antibody NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 13 22 is be VBZ cord-026559-xx52u01h 13 23 related relate VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 13 24 to to IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 13 25 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 13 26 presence presence NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 13 27 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 13 28 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 13 29 infection infection NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 13 30 in in IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 13 31 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 13 32 patient patient NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 13 33 in in IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 13 34 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 13 35 past past NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 13 36 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 14 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-026559-xx52u01h 14 2 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 14 3 detecting detect VBG cord-026559-xx52u01h 14 4 and and CC cord-026559-xx52u01h 14 5 testing test VBG cord-026559-xx52u01h 14 6 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 14 7 presence presence NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 14 8 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 14 9 these these DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 14 10 antibodies antibody NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 14 11 will will MD cord-026559-xx52u01h 14 12 be be VB cord-026559-xx52u01h 14 13 extremely extremely RB cord-026559-xx52u01h 14 14 useful useful JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 14 15 for for IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 14 16 monitoring monitoring NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 14 17 and and CC cord-026559-xx52u01h 14 18 surveillance surveillance NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 14 19 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 14 20 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 14 21 population population NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 14 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 14 23 Petherick Petherick NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 14 24 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 14 25 Lancet Lancet NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 14 26 395:1101–1102 395:1101–1102 CD cord-026559-xx52u01h 14 27 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 14 28 2020 2020 CD cord-026559-xx52u01h 14 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 14 30 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 15 1 Herein herein RB cord-026559-xx52u01h 15 2 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 15 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-026559-xx52u01h 15 4 describe describe VBP cord-026559-xx52u01h 15 5 and and CC cord-026559-xx52u01h 15 6 propose propose VBP cord-026559-xx52u01h 15 7 a a DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 15 8 microfluidic microfluidic JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 15 9 ELISA ELISA NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 15 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 15 11 enzyme enzyme NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 15 12 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 15 13 linked link VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 15 14 immunosorbent immunosorbent JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 15 15 assay assay NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 15 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 15 17 system system NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 15 18 to to TO cord-026559-xx52u01h 15 19 detect detect VB cord-026559-xx52u01h 15 20 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 15 21 antibodies antibody NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 15 22 on on IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 15 23 a a DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 15 24 lab lab NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 15 25 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 15 26 on on IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 15 27 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 15 28 chip chip NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 15 29 platform platform NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 15 30 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 16 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-026559-xx52u01h 16 2 propose propose VBP cord-026559-xx52u01h 16 3 to to IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 16 4 first first JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 16 5 separate separate JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 16 6 plasma plasma NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 16 7 from from IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 16 8 whole whole JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 16 9 human human JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 16 10 blood blood NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 16 11 using use VBG cord-026559-xx52u01h 16 12 a a DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 16 13 microfluidic microfluidic JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 16 14 device device NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 16 15 and and CC cord-026559-xx52u01h 16 16 subsequently subsequently RB cord-026559-xx52u01h 16 17 perform perform VB cord-026559-xx52u01h 16 18 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 16 19 detection detection NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 16 20 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 16 21 antibodies antibody NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 16 22 in in IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 16 23 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 16 24 separated separated JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 16 25 plasma plasma NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 16 26 using use VBG cord-026559-xx52u01h 16 27 a a DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 16 28 semi semi RB cord-026559-xx52u01h 16 29 - - JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 16 30 automated automated JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 16 31 on on IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 16 32 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 16 33 chip chip NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 16 34 ELISA ELISA NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 16 35 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 17 1 The the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 17 2 technology technology NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 17 3 presented present VBD cord-026559-xx52u01h 17 4 comprises comprise VBZ cord-026559-xx52u01h 17 5 a a DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 17 6 microfluidic microfluidic JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 17 7 blood blood NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 17 8 plasma plasma NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 17 9 separation separation NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 17 10 device device NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 17 11 which which WDT cord-026559-xx52u01h 17 12 is be VBZ cord-026559-xx52u01h 17 13 capable capable JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 17 14 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 17 15 effectively effectively RB cord-026559-xx52u01h 17 16 separating separate VBG cord-026559-xx52u01h 17 17 plasma plasma NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 17 18 from from IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 17 19 whole whole JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 17 20 human human JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 17 21 blood blood NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 17 22 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 18 1 Human human JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 18 2 blood blood NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 18 3 constitutes constitute VBZ cord-026559-xx52u01h 18 4 cells cell NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 18 5 and and CC cord-026559-xx52u01h 18 6 plasma plasma NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 18 7 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 19 1 Blood blood NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 19 2 plasma plasma NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 19 3 is be VBZ cord-026559-xx52u01h 19 4 considered consider VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 19 5 an an DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 19 6 important important JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 19 7 source source NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 19 8 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 19 9 information information NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 19 10 pertaining pertain VBG cord-026559-xx52u01h 19 11 to to IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 19 12 human human JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 19 13 health health NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 19 14 condition condition NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 19 15 ; ; : cord-026559-xx52u01h 19 16 this this DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 19 17 is be VBZ cord-026559-xx52u01h 19 18 due due JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 19 19 to to IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 19 20 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 19 21 presence presence NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 19 22 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 19 23 important important JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 19 24 bio bio JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 19 25 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 19 26 markers marker NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 19 27 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 20 1 Human human JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 20 2 blood blood NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 20 3 plasma plasma NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 20 4 contains contain VBZ cord-026559-xx52u01h 20 5 water water NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 20 6 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 20 7 proteins protein NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 20 8 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 20 9 organic organic JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 20 10 and and CC cord-026559-xx52u01h 20 11 in in IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 20 12 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 20 13 organic organic JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 20 14 substances substance NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 20 15 including include VBG cord-026559-xx52u01h 20 16 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 20 17 and and CC cord-026559-xx52u01h 20 18 viruses virus NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 20 19 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 21 1 Blood blood NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 21 2 plasma plasma NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 21 3 is be VBZ cord-026559-xx52u01h 21 4 separated separate VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 21 5 from from IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 21 6 other other JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 21 7 constituents constituent NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 21 8 on on IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 21 9 a a DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 21 10 routine routine JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 21 11 basis basis NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 21 12 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 22 1 Use use NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 22 2 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 22 3 plasma plasma NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 22 4 is be VBZ cord-026559-xx52u01h 22 5 preferred prefer VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 22 6 over over IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 22 7 whole whole JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 22 8 blood blood NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 22 9 in in IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 22 10 several several JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 22 11 diagnostic diagnostic JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 22 12 tests test NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 22 13 ; ; : cord-026559-xx52u01h 22 14 this this DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 22 15 is be VBZ cord-026559-xx52u01h 22 16 due due JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 22 17 to to IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 22 18 clogging clogging NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 22 19 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 22 20 cell cell NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 22 21 lysis lysis NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 22 22 and and CC cord-026559-xx52u01h 22 23 cell cell NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 22 24 interference interference NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 22 25 issues issue NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 22 26 associated associate VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 22 27 with with IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 22 28 whole whole JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 22 29 blood blood NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 22 30 testing testing NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 22 31 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 23 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-026559-xx52u01h 23 2 have have VBP cord-026559-xx52u01h 23 3 developed develop VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 23 4 a a DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 23 5 passive passive JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 23 6 microdevice microdevice NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 23 7 to to TO cord-026559-xx52u01h 23 8 separate separate JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 23 9 blood blood NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 23 10 plasma plasma NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 23 11 ; ; : cord-026559-xx52u01h 23 12 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 23 13 device device NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 23 14 design design NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 23 15 and and CC cord-026559-xx52u01h 23 16 other other JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 23 17 features feature NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 23 18 are be VBP cord-026559-xx52u01h 23 19 shown show VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 23 20 in in IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 23 21 Fig Fig NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 23 22 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 24 1 1 1 LS cord-026559-xx52u01h 24 2 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 25 1 The the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 25 2 device device NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 25 3 is be VBZ cord-026559-xx52u01h 25 4 simple simple JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 25 5 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 25 6 compact compact JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 25 7 and and CC cord-026559-xx52u01h 25 8 efficient efficient JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 25 9 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 26 1 The the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 26 2 principle principle NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 26 3 behind behind IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 26 4 plasma plasma NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 26 5 separation separation NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 26 6 revolves revolve VBZ cord-026559-xx52u01h 26 7 around around IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 26 8 harnessing harness VBG cord-026559-xx52u01h 26 9 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 26 10 bio bio JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 26 11 - - JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 26 12 physical physical JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 26 13 and and CC cord-026559-xx52u01h 26 14 geometrical geometrical JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 26 15 effects effect NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 26 16 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 26 17 blood blood NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 26 18 flow flow NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 26 19 within within IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 26 20 a a DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 26 21 microchannel microchannel NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 26 22 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 27 1 Experimental experimental JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 27 2 results result NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 27 3 indicate indicate VBP cord-026559-xx52u01h 27 4 that that IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 27 5 almost almost RB cord-026559-xx52u01h 27 6 pure pure JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 27 7 plasma plasma NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 27 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 27 9 separation separation NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 27 10 efficiency efficiency NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 27 11 99.5 99.5 CD cord-026559-xx52u01h 27 12 % % NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 27 13 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 27 14 purity purity NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 27 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 27 16 is be VBZ cord-026559-xx52u01h 27 17 obtained obtain VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 27 18 by by IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 27 19 injecting inject VBG cord-026559-xx52u01h 27 20 whole whole JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 27 21 blood blood NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 27 22 at at IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 27 23 a a DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 27 24 flow flow NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 27 25 rate rate NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 27 26 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 27 27 0.5 0.5 CD cord-026559-xx52u01h 27 28 ml/ ml/ JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 27 29 min min NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 27 30 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 28 1 The the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 28 2 yield yield NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 28 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 28 4 or or CC cord-026559-xx52u01h 28 5 amount amount NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 28 6 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 28 7 plasma plasma NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 28 8 obtained obtain VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 28 9 to to IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 28 10 amount amount NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 28 11 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 28 12 blood blood NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 28 13 infused infuse VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 28 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 28 15 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 28 16 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 28 17 device device NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 28 18 is be VBZ cord-026559-xx52u01h 28 19 1 1 CD cord-026559-xx52u01h 28 20 % % NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 28 21 with with IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 28 22 whole whole JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 28 23 human human JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 28 24 blood blood NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 28 25 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 29 1 The the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 29 2 plasma plasma NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 29 3 separated separate VBD cord-026559-xx52u01h 29 4 was be VBD cord-026559-xx52u01h 29 5 found find VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 29 6 to to TO cord-026559-xx52u01h 29 7 be be VB cord-026559-xx52u01h 29 8 hemolysis hemolysis NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 29 9 free free JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 29 10 and and CC cord-026559-xx52u01h 29 11 few few JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 29 12 biomarkers biomarker NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 29 13 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 29 14 interest interest NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 29 15 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 29 16 namely namely RB cord-026559-xx52u01h 29 17 proteins protein NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 29 18 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 29 19 hCG hcg NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 29 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 29 21 human human JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 29 22 chorionic chorionic JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 29 23 gonadotropin gonadotropin NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 29 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 29 25 hormone hormone NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 29 26 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 29 27 and and CC cord-026559-xx52u01h 29 28 glucose glucose NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 29 29 were be VBD cord-026559-xx52u01h 29 30 successfully successfully RB cord-026559-xx52u01h 29 31 recovered recover VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 29 32 from from IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 29 33 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 29 34 separated separated JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 29 35 plasma plasma NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 29 36 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 30 1 The the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 30 2 device device NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 30 3 was be VBD cord-026559-xx52u01h 30 4 fabricated fabricate VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 30 5 in in IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 30 6 PDMS PDMS NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 30 7 using use VBG cord-026559-xx52u01h 30 8 photolithography photolithography NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 30 9 and and CC cord-026559-xx52u01h 30 10 soft soft JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 30 11 lithography lithography NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 30 12 techniques technique NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 30 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 30 14 other other JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 30 15 fabrication fabrication NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 30 16 materials material NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 30 17 and and CC cord-026559-xx52u01h 30 18 techniques technique NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 30 19 can can MD cord-026559-xx52u01h 30 20 also also RB cord-026559-xx52u01h 30 21 be be VB cord-026559-xx52u01h 30 22 employed employ VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 30 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 30 24 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 31 1 The the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 31 2 major major JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 31 3 advantage advantage NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 31 4 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 31 5 such such JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 31 6 microdevice microdevice NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 31 7 is be VBZ cord-026559-xx52u01h 31 8 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-026559-xx52u01h 31 9 accuracy accuracy NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 31 10 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 31 11 ease ease NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 31 12 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 31 13 operation operation NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 31 14 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 31 15 use use NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 31 16 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 31 17 small small JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 31 18 sample sample NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 31 19 amount amount NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 31 20 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 31 21 small small JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 31 22 size size NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 31 23 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 31 24 portability portability NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 31 25 and and CC cord-026559-xx52u01h 31 26 ease ease NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 31 27 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 31 28 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-026559-xx52u01h 31 29 integration integration NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 31 30 with with IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 31 31 a a DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 31 32 bio bio NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 31 33 - - JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 31 34 sensing sense VBG cord-026559-xx52u01h 31 35 platform platform NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 31 36 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 32 1 The the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 32 2 device device NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 32 3 has have VBZ cord-026559-xx52u01h 32 4 been be VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 32 5 extensively extensively RB cord-026559-xx52u01h 32 6 studied study VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 32 7 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 32 8 patented patent VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 32 9 and and CC cord-026559-xx52u01h 32 10 has have VBZ cord-026559-xx52u01h 32 11 been be VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 32 12 reported report VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 32 13 in in IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 32 14 various various JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 32 15 publications publication NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 32 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 32 17 Tripathi Tripathi NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 32 18 et et NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 32 19 al al NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 32 20 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 32 21 2013 2013 CD cord-026559-xx52u01h 33 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 33 2 Tripathi Tripathi NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 33 3 et et NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 33 4 al al NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 33 5 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 34 1 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 34 2 2015a 2015a CD cord-026559-xx52u01h 35 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 35 2 Tripathi Tripathi NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 35 3 et et NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 35 4 al al NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 35 5 . . NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 35 6 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 36 1 2015b 2015b CD cord-026559-xx52u01h 37 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 37 2 Tripathi Tripathi NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 37 3 et et NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 37 4 al al NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 37 5 . . NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 37 6 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 37 7 2016 2016 CD cord-026559-xx52u01h 38 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 38 2 Tripathi Tripathi NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 38 3 et et NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 38 4 al al NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 38 5 . . NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 38 6 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 38 7 2018 2018 CD cord-026559-xx52u01h 39 1 Prabhakar Prabhakar NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 39 2 et et NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 39 3 al al NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 39 4 . . NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 39 5 2015 2015 CD cord-026559-xx52u01h 39 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 39 7 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 40 1 Recently recently RB cord-026559-xx52u01h 40 2 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 40 3 this this DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 40 4 microdevice microdevice NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 40 5 has have VBZ cord-026559-xx52u01h 40 6 been be VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 40 7 successfully successfully RB cord-026559-xx52u01h 40 8 employed employ VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 40 9 by by IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 40 10 a a DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 40 11 research research NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 40 12 group group NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 40 13 for for IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 40 14 measuring measure VBG cord-026559-xx52u01h 40 15 dopamine dopamine NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 40 16 from from IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 40 17 whole whole JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 40 18 blood blood NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 40 19 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 41 1 Researchers researcher NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 41 2 have have VBP cord-026559-xx52u01h 41 3 successfully successfully RB cord-026559-xx52u01h 41 4 integrated integrate VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 41 5 this this DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 41 6 plasma plasma NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 41 7 separation separation NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 41 8 microdevice microdevice NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 41 9 with with IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 41 10 an an DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 41 11 enzyme enzyme NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 41 12 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 41 13 free free JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 41 14 plasmonic plasmonic JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 41 15 neurotransmitter neurotransmitter NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 41 16 dopamine dopamine NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 41 17 biosensor biosensor NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 41 18 to to TO cord-026559-xx52u01h 41 19 measure measure VB cord-026559-xx52u01h 41 20 dopamine dopamine NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 41 21 concentration concentration NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 41 22 with with IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 41 23 high high JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 41 24 detection detection NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 41 25 selectivity selectivity NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 41 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 41 27 Vázquez Vázquez NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 41 28 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 41 29 Guardado Guardado NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 41 30 et et FW cord-026559-xx52u01h 41 31 al al NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 41 32 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 41 33 2018 2018 CD cord-026559-xx52u01h 41 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 41 35 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 42 1 The the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 42 2 reported reported JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 42 3 plasma plasma NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 42 4 separation separation NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 42 5 microdevice microdevice NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 42 6 is be VBZ cord-026559-xx52u01h 42 7 not not RB cord-026559-xx52u01h 42 8 only only RB cord-026559-xx52u01h 42 9 an an DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 42 10 alternate alternate JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 42 11 to to IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 42 12 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 42 13 centrifuge centrifuge NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 42 14 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 42 15 but but CC cord-026559-xx52u01h 42 16 it -PRON- PRP cord-026559-xx52u01h 42 17 can can MD cord-026559-xx52u01h 42 18 also also RB cord-026559-xx52u01h 42 19 be be VB cord-026559-xx52u01h 42 20 easily easily RB cord-026559-xx52u01h 42 21 integrated integrate VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 42 22 with with IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 42 23 a a DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 42 24 biosensing biosense VBG cord-026559-xx52u01h 42 25 platform platform NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 42 26 / / SYM cord-026559-xx52u01h 42 27 detection detection NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 42 28 technology technology NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 42 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 42 30 for for IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 42 31 example example NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 42 32 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 42 33 ELISA ELISA NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 42 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 42 35 and and CC cord-026559-xx52u01h 42 36 result result VB cord-026559-xx52u01h 42 37 in in IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 42 38 a a DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 42 39 point point NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 42 40 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 42 41 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 42 42 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 42 43 care care NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 42 44 device device NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 42 45 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 43 1 Microdevice microdevice NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 43 2 ensures ensure VBZ cord-026559-xx52u01h 43 3 separation separation NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 43 4 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 43 5 high high JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 43 6 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 43 7 quality quality NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 43 8 plasma plasma NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 43 9 with with IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 43 10 minimal minimal JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 43 11 cell cell NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 43 12 interference interference NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 43 13 enabling enable VBG cord-026559-xx52u01h 43 14 selection selection NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 43 15 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 43 16 an an DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 43 17 analyte analyte NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 43 18 with with IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 43 19 high high JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 43 20 specificity specificity NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 43 21 and and CC cord-026559-xx52u01h 43 22 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 43 23 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 44 1 The the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 44 2 technology technology NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 44 3 was be VBD cord-026559-xx52u01h 44 4 developed develop VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 44 5 to to TO cord-026559-xx52u01h 44 6 realize realize VB cord-026559-xx52u01h 44 7 a a DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 44 8 microdevice microdevice NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 44 9 to to TO cord-026559-xx52u01h 44 10 enable enable VB cord-026559-xx52u01h 44 11 blood blood NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 44 12 plasma plasma NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 44 13 separation separation NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 44 14 in in IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 44 15 a a DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 44 16 lab lab NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 44 17 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 44 18 on on IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 44 19 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 44 20 chip chip NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 44 21 format format NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 44 22 in in IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 44 23 an an DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 44 24 effective effective JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 44 25 way way NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 44 26 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 45 1 The the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 45 2 study study NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 45 3 was be VBD cord-026559-xx52u01h 45 4 motivated motivate VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 45 5 from from IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 45 6 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 45 7 current current JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 45 8 worldwide worldwide JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 45 9 effort effort NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 45 10 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 45 11 developing develop VBG cord-026559-xx52u01h 45 12 point point NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 45 13 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 45 14 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 45 15 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 45 16 care care NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 45 17 microdevices microdevice NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 45 18 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 46 1 There there EX cord-026559-xx52u01h 46 2 are be VBP cord-026559-xx52u01h 46 3 numerous numerous JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 46 4 novel novel JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 46 5 features feature NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 46 6 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 46 7 this this DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 46 8 microdevice microdevice NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 46 9 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 47 1 The the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 47 2 developed develop VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 47 3 microdevice microdevice NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 47 4 is be VBZ cord-026559-xx52u01h 47 5 passive passive JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 47 6 and and CC cord-026559-xx52u01h 47 7 does do VBZ cord-026559-xx52u01h 47 8 not not RB cord-026559-xx52u01h 47 9 rely rely VB cord-026559-xx52u01h 47 10 on on IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 47 11 active active JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 47 12 techniques technique NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 47 13 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 47 14 separation separation NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 47 15 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 47 16 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 47 17 device device NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 47 18 uses use VBZ cord-026559-xx52u01h 47 19 elevated elevated JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 47 20 dimensions dimension NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 47 21 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 47 22 so so IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 47 23 maintaining maintain VBG cord-026559-xx52u01h 47 24 tight tight JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 47 25 tolerances tolerance NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 47 26 is be VBZ cord-026559-xx52u01h 47 27 not not RB cord-026559-xx52u01h 47 28 essential essential JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 47 29 ; ; : cord-026559-xx52u01h 47 30 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 47 31 design design NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 47 32 is be VBZ cord-026559-xx52u01h 47 33 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 47 34 therefore therefore RB cord-026559-xx52u01h 47 35 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 47 36 easy easy JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 47 37 to to TO cord-026559-xx52u01h 47 38 fabricate fabricate VB cord-026559-xx52u01h 47 39 and and CC cord-026559-xx52u01h 47 40 is be VBZ cord-026559-xx52u01h 47 41 cost cost NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 47 42 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 47 43 effective effective JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 47 44 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 48 1 The the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 48 2 device device NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 48 3 can can MD cord-026559-xx52u01h 48 4 work work VB cord-026559-xx52u01h 48 5 efficiently efficiently RB cord-026559-xx52u01h 48 6 over over IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 48 7 a a DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 48 8 wide wide JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 48 9 range range NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 48 10 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 48 11 hematocrit hematocrit NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 48 12 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 48 13 both both CC cord-026559-xx52u01h 48 14 whole whole JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 48 15 blood blood NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 48 16 and and CC cord-026559-xx52u01h 48 17 diluted diluted JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 48 18 blood blood NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 48 19 can can MD cord-026559-xx52u01h 48 20 be be VB cord-026559-xx52u01h 48 21 used use VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 48 22 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 49 1 Whole whole JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 49 2 blood blood NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 49 3 is be VBZ cord-026559-xx52u01h 49 4 preferred prefer VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 49 5 as as IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 49 6 it -PRON- PRP cord-026559-xx52u01h 49 7 ensures ensure VBZ cord-026559-xx52u01h 49 8 sufficiency sufficiency NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 49 9 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 49 10 bio bio NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 49 11 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 49 12 markers marker NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 49 13 in in IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 49 14 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 49 15 separated separated JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 49 16 plasma plasma NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 49 17 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 50 1 The the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 50 2 device device NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 50 3 can can MD cord-026559-xx52u01h 50 4 separate separate VB cord-026559-xx52u01h 50 5 plasma plasma NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 50 6 in in IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 50 7 a a DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 50 8 continuous continuous JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 50 9 manner manner NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 50 10 without without IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 50 11 clogging clog VBG cord-026559-xx52u01h 50 12 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 50 13 microdevice microdevice NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 50 14 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 51 1 Approximately approximately RB cord-026559-xx52u01h 51 2 10 10 CD cord-026559-xx52u01h 51 3 µL µl CD cord-026559-xx52u01h 51 4 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 51 5 plasma plasma NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 51 6 can can MD cord-026559-xx52u01h 51 7 be be VB cord-026559-xx52u01h 51 8 removed remove VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 51 9 using use VBG cord-026559-xx52u01h 51 10 1 1 CD cord-026559-xx52u01h 51 11 mL ml NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 51 12 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 51 13 whole whole JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 51 14 human human JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 51 15 blood blood NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 51 16 in in IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 51 17 approximately approximately RB cord-026559-xx52u01h 51 18 3 3 CD cord-026559-xx52u01h 51 19 min min NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 51 20 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 52 1 The the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 52 2 device device NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 52 3 can can MD cord-026559-xx52u01h 52 4 easily easily RB cord-026559-xx52u01h 52 5 be be VB cord-026559-xx52u01h 52 6 integrated integrate VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 52 7 with with IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 52 8 a a DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 52 9 bio bio NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 52 10 - - NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 52 11 sensor sensor NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 52 12 to to TO cord-026559-xx52u01h 52 13 enable enable VB cord-026559-xx52u01h 52 14 on on IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 52 15 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 52 16 chip chip NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 52 17 detection detection NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 52 18 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 52 19 a a DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 52 20 target target NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 52 21 analyte analyte NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 52 22 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 53 1 The the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 53 2 most most RBS cord-026559-xx52u01h 53 3 common common JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 53 4 tests test NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 53 5 to to TO cord-026559-xx52u01h 53 6 detect detect VB cord-026559-xx52u01h 53 7 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 53 8 SARS SARS NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 53 9 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 53 10 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 53 11 virus virus NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 53 12 are be VBP cord-026559-xx52u01h 53 13 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 53 14 RT RT NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 53 15 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 53 16 PCR PCR NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 53 17 test test NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 53 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 53 19 Swab swab NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 53 20 based base VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 53 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 53 22 and and CC cord-026559-xx52u01h 53 23 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 53 24 antibody antibody NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 53 25 test test NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 53 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 53 27 blood blood NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 53 28 based base VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 53 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 53 30 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 54 1 In in IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 54 2 addition addition NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 54 3 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 54 4 field field NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 54 5 effect effect NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 54 6 transistor transistor NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 54 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 54 8 FET)-based fet)-base VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 54 9 sensors sensor NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 54 10 for for IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 54 11 point point NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 54 12 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 54 13 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 54 14 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 54 15 care care NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 54 16 testing testing NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 54 17 have have VBP cord-026559-xx52u01h 54 18 been be VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 54 19 reported report VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 54 20 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 55 1 Recently recently RB cord-026559-xx52u01h 55 2 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 55 3 Seo Seo NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 55 4 et et FW cord-026559-xx52u01h 55 5 al al NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 55 6 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 56 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 56 2 2020 2020 CD cord-026559-xx52u01h 56 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 56 4 have have VBP cord-026559-xx52u01h 56 5 reported report VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 56 6 successful successful JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 56 7 detection detection NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 56 8 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 56 9 SARS SARS NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 56 10 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 56 11 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 56 12 virus virus NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 56 13 with with IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 56 14 high high JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 56 15 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 56 16 in in IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 56 17 swab swab NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 56 18 specimens specimen NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 57 1 Fig Fig NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 57 2 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 58 1 1 1 LS cord-026559-xx52u01h 59 1 a a DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 59 2 Blood blood NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 59 3 plasma plasma NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 59 4 microdevice microdevice NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 59 5 design design NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 59 6 and and CC cord-026559-xx52u01h 59 7 zoomed zoom VBD cord-026559-xx52u01h 59 8 view view NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 59 9 at at IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 59 10 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 59 11 junction junction NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 59 12 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 60 1 Symbols symbol NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 60 2 : : : cord-026559-xx52u01h 60 3 I i NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 60 4 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 60 5 blood blood NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 60 6 inlet inlet NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 60 7 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 60 8 O o NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 60 9 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 60 10 blood blood NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 60 11 outlet outlet NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 60 12 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 60 13 P p NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 60 14 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 60 15 plasma plasma NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 60 16 outlet outlet NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 60 17 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 61 1 b b LS cord-026559-xx52u01h 61 2 Experimental experimental JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 61 3 photograph photograph NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 61 4 showing show VBG cord-026559-xx52u01h 61 5 plasma plasma NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 61 6 separation separation NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 61 7 in in IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 61 8 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 61 9 microdevice microdevice NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 61 10 using use VBG cord-026559-xx52u01h 61 11 whole whole JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 61 12 blood blood NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 61 13 at at IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 61 14 a a DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 61 15 flow flow NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 61 16 rate rate NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 61 17 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 61 18 0.5 0.5 CD cord-026559-xx52u01h 61 19 ml ml NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 61 20 / / SYM cord-026559-xx52u01h 61 21 min min NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 61 22 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 62 1 c c LS cord-026559-xx52u01h 62 2 Exter Exter NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 62 3 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 62 4 nal nal JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 62 5 view view NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 62 6 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 62 7 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 62 8 blood blood NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 62 9 plasma plasma NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 62 10 separation separation NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 62 11 taking take VBG cord-026559-xx52u01h 62 12 place place NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 62 13 in in IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 62 14 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 62 15 PDMS PDMS NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 62 16 microdevice microdevice NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 62 17 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 63 1 d d LS cord-026559-xx52u01h 63 2 Comparison comparison NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 63 3 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 63 4 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 63 5 device device NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 63 6 size size NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 63 7 with with IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 63 8 a a DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 63 9 coin coin NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 63 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 63 11 Tripathi Tripathi NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 63 12 et et NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 63 13 al al NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 63 14 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 63 15 2016 2016 CD cord-026559-xx52u01h 63 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 63 17 using use VBG cord-026559-xx52u01h 63 18 a a DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 63 19 FET fet NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 63 20 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 63 21 based base VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 63 22 biosensor biosensor NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 63 23 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 64 1 The the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 64 2 graphene graphene NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 64 3 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 64 4 based base VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 64 5 device device NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 64 6 used use VBD cord-026559-xx52u01h 64 7 SARS SARS NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 64 8 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 64 9 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 64 10 spike spike NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 64 11 antibody antibody NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 64 12 to to TO cord-026559-xx52u01h 64 13 detect detect VB cord-026559-xx52u01h 64 14 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 64 15 antigen antigen NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 64 16 protein protein NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 64 17 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 65 1 The the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 65 2 swab swab NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 65 3 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 65 4 based base VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 65 5 tests test NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 65 6 directly directly RB cord-026559-xx52u01h 65 7 detects detect VBZ cord-026559-xx52u01h 65 8 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 65 9 virus virus NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 65 10 and and CC cord-026559-xx52u01h 65 11 are be VBP cord-026559-xx52u01h 65 12 useful useful JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 65 13 for for IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 65 14 early early JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 65 15 detection detection NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 65 16 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 65 17 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 65 18 virus virus NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 65 19 whereas whereas IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 65 20 blood blood NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 65 21 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 65 22 based base VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 65 23 tests test NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 65 24 are be VBP cord-026559-xx52u01h 65 25 indirect indirect JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 65 26 and and CC cord-026559-xx52u01h 65 27 informs inform VBZ cord-026559-xx52u01h 65 28 about about IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 65 29 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 65 30 infection infection NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 65 31 in in IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 65 32 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 65 33 past past NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 65 34 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 66 1 The the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 66 2 technology technology NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 66 3 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 66 4 blood blood NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 66 5 plasma plasma NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 66 6 separation separation NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 66 7 in in IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 66 8 a a DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 66 9 microdevice microdevice NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 66 10 can can MD cord-026559-xx52u01h 66 11 be be VB cord-026559-xx52u01h 66 12 employed employ VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 66 13 for for IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 66 14 testing testing NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 66 15 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 66 16 antibodies antibody NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 66 17 present present JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 66 18 in in IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 66 19 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 66 20 blood blood NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 66 21 plasma plasma NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 66 22 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 66 23 a a DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 66 24 COVID-19-infected covid-19-infecte VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 66 25 subject subject NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 66 26 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 66 27 similar similar JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 66 28 to to IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 66 29 a a DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 66 30 point point NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 66 31 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 66 32 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 66 33 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 66 34 care care NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 66 35 serological serological JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 66 36 test test NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 66 37 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 67 1 The the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 67 2 immune immune JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 67 3 system system NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 67 4 generates generate VBZ cord-026559-xx52u01h 67 5 antibodies antibody NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 67 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 67 7 IgG IgG NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 67 8 / / SYM cord-026559-xx52u01h 67 9 IgM IgM NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 67 10 proteins proteins NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 67 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 67 12 in in IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 67 13 response response NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 67 14 to to IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 67 15 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 67 16 virus virus NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 67 17 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 68 1 Identification identification NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 68 2 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 68 3 these these DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 68 4 antibodies antibody NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 68 5 is be VBZ cord-026559-xx52u01h 68 6 related relate VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 68 7 to to IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 68 8 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 68 9 presence presence NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 68 10 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 68 11 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 68 12 infection infection NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 68 13 in in IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 68 14 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 68 15 patient patient NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 68 16 in in IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 68 17 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 68 18 past past NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 68 19 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 69 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-026559-xx52u01h 69 2 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 69 3 detecting/ detecting/ ADD cord-026559-xx52u01h 69 4 testing test VBG cord-026559-xx52u01h 69 5 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 69 6 presence presence NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 69 7 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 69 8 these these DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 69 9 antibodies antibody NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 69 10 will will MD cord-026559-xx52u01h 69 11 be be VB cord-026559-xx52u01h 69 12 extremely extremely RB cord-026559-xx52u01h 69 13 useful useful JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 69 14 for for IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 69 15 surveillance surveillance NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 69 16 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 69 17 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 69 18 population population NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 69 19 and and CC cord-026559-xx52u01h 69 20 also also RB cord-026559-xx52u01h 69 21 for for IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 69 22 plasma plasma NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 69 23 transfusion transfusion NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 69 24 to to TO cord-026559-xx52u01h 69 25 combat combat VB cord-026559-xx52u01h 69 26 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 69 27 active active JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 69 28 virus virus NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 69 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 69 30 Petherick Petherick NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 69 31 2020 2020 CD cord-026559-xx52u01h 69 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 69 33 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 70 1 Also also RB cord-026559-xx52u01h 70 2 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 70 3 blood blood NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 70 4 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 70 5 based base VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 70 6 test test NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 70 7 can can MD cord-026559-xx52u01h 70 8 allow allow VB cord-026559-xx52u01h 70 9 for for IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 70 10 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 70 11 measurement measurement NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 70 12 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 70 13 additional additional JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 70 14 bio bio JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 70 15 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 70 16 markers marker NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 70 17 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 70 18 interest interest NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 70 19 such such JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 70 20 as as IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 70 21 CRP CRP NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 70 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 70 23 C C NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 70 24 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 70 25 reactive reactive JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 70 26 protein protein NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 70 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 70 28 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 71 1 This this DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 71 2 protein protein NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 71 3 has have VBZ cord-026559-xx52u01h 71 4 been be VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 71 5 found find VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 71 6 to to TO cord-026559-xx52u01h 71 7 correlate correlate VB cord-026559-xx52u01h 71 8 with with IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 71 9 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 71 10 severity severity NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 71 11 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 71 12 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 71 13 infection infection NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 71 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 71 15 Vashist Vashist NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 71 16 2020 2020 CD cord-026559-xx52u01h 71 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 71 18 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 72 1 In in IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 72 2 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 72 3 past past NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 72 4 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 72 5 various various JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 72 6 researchers researcher NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 72 7 have have VBP cord-026559-xx52u01h 72 8 reported report VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 72 9 detection detection NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 72 10 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 72 11 HIV HIV NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 72 12 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 72 13 Zika Zika NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 72 14 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 72 15 Hepatitis Hepatitis NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 72 16 B B NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 72 17 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 72 18 Dengue Dengue NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 72 19 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 72 20 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 72 21 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 72 22 measles measle NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 72 23 and and CC cord-026559-xx52u01h 72 24 rubella rubella NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 72 25 using use VBG cord-026559-xx52u01h 72 26 microfluidic microfluidic JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 72 27 techniques technique NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 72 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 72 29 Yeh Yeh NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 72 30 et et NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 72 31 al al NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 72 32 . . NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 72 33 2014 2014 CD cord-026559-xx52u01h 72 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 72 35 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 73 1 Immunoassays Immunoassays NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 73 2 can can MD cord-026559-xx52u01h 73 3 be be VB cord-026559-xx52u01h 73 4 used use VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 73 5 to to TO cord-026559-xx52u01h 73 6 measure measure VB cord-026559-xx52u01h 73 7 small small JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 73 8 amounts amount NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 73 9 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 73 10 analytes analyte NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 73 11 effectively effectively RB cord-026559-xx52u01h 73 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 73 13 Vashist Vashist NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 73 14 2020 2020 CD cord-026559-xx52u01h 73 15 ; ; : cord-026559-xx52u01h 74 1 Yeh Yeh NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 74 2 et et NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 74 3 al al NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 74 4 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 75 1 2014 2014 CD cord-026559-xx52u01h 75 2 ; ; : cord-026559-xx52u01h 75 3 Lee Lee NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 75 4 and and CC cord-026559-xx52u01h 75 5 Lee Lee NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 75 6 2013 2013 CD cord-026559-xx52u01h 75 7 ; ; : cord-026559-xx52u01h 75 8 Hsu Hsu NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 75 9 et et NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 75 10 al al NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 75 11 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 76 1 2014 2014 CD cord-026559-xx52u01h 76 2 ; ; : cord-026559-xx52u01h 76 3 Liu Liu NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 76 4 et et NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 76 5 al al NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 76 6 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 76 7 2017 2017 CD cord-026559-xx52u01h 76 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 76 9 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 77 1 Herein herein RB cord-026559-xx52u01h 77 2 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 77 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-026559-xx52u01h 77 4 propose propose VBP cord-026559-xx52u01h 77 5 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 77 6 integration integration NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 77 7 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 77 8 sandwich sandwich NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 77 9 ELISA ELISA NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 77 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 77 11 enzyme enzyme NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 77 12 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 77 13 linked link VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 77 14 immunoabsorbent immunoabsorbent NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 77 15 assay assay NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 77 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 77 17 with with IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 77 18 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 77 19 blood blood NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 77 20 plasma plasma NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 77 21 separation separation NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 77 22 microdevice microdevice NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 77 23 to to TO cord-026559-xx52u01h 77 24 detect detect VB cord-026559-xx52u01h 77 25 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 77 26 antibodies antibody NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 77 27 after after IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 77 28 minor minor JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 77 29 modifications modification NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 77 30 in in IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 77 31 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 77 32 design design NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 77 33 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 78 1 Although although IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 78 2 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 78 3 separated separated JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 78 4 plasma plasma NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 78 5 from from IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 78 6 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 78 7 chip chip NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 78 8 can can MD cord-026559-xx52u01h 78 9 be be VB cord-026559-xx52u01h 78 10 analyzed analyze VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 78 11 in in IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 78 12 a a DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 78 13 conventional conventional JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 78 14 ELISA ELISA NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 78 15 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 78 16 we -PRON- PRP cord-026559-xx52u01h 78 17 prefer prefer VBP cord-026559-xx52u01h 78 18 to to TO cord-026559-xx52u01h 78 19 propose propose VB cord-026559-xx52u01h 78 20 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 78 21 on on IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 78 22 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 78 23 chip chip NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 78 24 detection detection NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 78 25 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 78 26 analyte analyte NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 78 27 for for IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 78 28 simplicity simplicity NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 78 29 and and CC cord-026559-xx52u01h 78 30 cost cost NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 78 31 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 78 32 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 78 33 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 79 1 The the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 79 2 idea idea NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 79 3 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 79 4 procedure procedure NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 79 5 and and CC cord-026559-xx52u01h 79 6 steps step NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 79 7 have have VBP cord-026559-xx52u01h 79 8 been be VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 79 9 presented present VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 79 10 in in IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 79 11 Fig Fig NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 79 12 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 80 1 2 2 LS cord-026559-xx52u01h 80 2 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 81 1 The the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 81 2 whole whole JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 81 3 setup setup NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 81 4 will will MD cord-026559-xx52u01h 81 5 be be VB cord-026559-xx52u01h 81 6 similar similar JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 81 7 to to IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 81 8 an an DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 81 9 ELISA ELISA NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 81 10 on on IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 81 11 a a DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 81 12 microdevice microdevice NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 81 13 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 1 First first RB cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 2 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 3 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 4 detection detection NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 5 zone zone NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 6 area area NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 8 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 9 plasma plasma NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 10 reservoir reservoir NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 11 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 12 Fig Fig NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 13 . . NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 14 2a 2a CD cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 16 is be VBZ cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 17 coated coat VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 18 with with IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 19 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 20 SARS SARS NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 21 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 22 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 23 antigen antigen NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 25 spike spike NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 26 protein protein NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 28 by by IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 29 surface surface NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 30 immobilization immobilization NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 31 techniques technique NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 33 direct direct JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 34 entrapment entrapment NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 35 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 36 antibodies antibody NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 37 by by IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 38 spotting spot VBG cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 39 and and CC cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 40 drying drying NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 41 methods method NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 42 / / SYM cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 43 physical physical JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 44 absorption absorption NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 45 methods method NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 46 or or CC cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 47 plasma plasma NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 48 treatment treatment NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 50 on on IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 51 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 52 glass glass NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 53 / / SYM cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 54 PDMS PDMS NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 55 ( ( -LRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 56 Heyries Heyries NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 57 et et NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 58 al al NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 59 . . NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 60 2007 2007 CD cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 61 ; ; : cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 62 Welch Welch NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 63 et et NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 64 al al NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 65 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 66 2017 2017 CD cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 67 ) ) -RRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 82 68 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 83 1 Note note VB cord-026559-xx52u01h 83 2 that that IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 83 3 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 83 4 glass glass NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 83 5 surface surface NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 83 6 is be VBZ cord-026559-xx52u01h 83 7 used use VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 83 8 for for IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 83 9 bonding bonding NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 83 10 purpose purpose NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 83 11 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 84 1 Next next RB cord-026559-xx52u01h 84 2 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 84 3 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 84 4 PDMS PDMS NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 84 5 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 84 6 based base VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 84 7 microdevice microdevice NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 84 8 is be VBZ cord-026559-xx52u01h 84 9 bonded bond VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 84 10 onto onto IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 84 11 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 84 12 glass glass NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 84 13 plate plate NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 84 14 such such JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 84 15 that that IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 84 16 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 84 17 plasma plasma NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 84 18 reservoir reservoir NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 84 19 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 84 20 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 84 21 device device NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 84 22 aligns align VBZ cord-026559-xx52u01h 84 23 with with IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 84 24 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 84 25 antigen antigen NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 84 26 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 84 27 immobilized immobilize VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 84 28 area area NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 84 29 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 85 1 Next next RB cord-026559-xx52u01h 85 2 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 85 3 BSA BSA NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 85 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 85 5 bovine bovine JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 85 6 serum serum NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 85 7 albumin albumin NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 85 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 85 9 is be VBZ cord-026559-xx52u01h 85 10 added add VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 85 11 to to TO cord-026559-xx52u01h 85 12 prevent prevent VB cord-026559-xx52u01h 85 13 non non JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 85 14 - - JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 85 15 specific specific JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 85 16 binding binding NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 85 17 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 85 18 antibodies antibody NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 85 19 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 86 1 The the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 86 2 device device NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 86 3 is be VBZ cord-026559-xx52u01h 86 4 now now RB cord-026559-xx52u01h 86 5 ready ready JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 86 6 for for IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 86 7 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 86 8 injection injection NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 86 9 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 86 10 whole whole JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 86 11 blood blood NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 86 12 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 87 1 Blood blood NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 87 2 is be VBZ cord-026559-xx52u01h 87 3 injected inject VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 87 4 using use VBG cord-026559-xx52u01h 87 5 a a DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 87 6 syringe syringe NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 87 7 pump pump NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 87 8 delivering deliver VBG cord-026559-xx52u01h 87 9 a a DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 87 10 constant constant JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 87 11 flow flow NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 87 12 rate rate NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 87 13 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 87 14 0.5 0.5 CD cord-026559-xx52u01h 87 15 ml ml NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 87 16 / / SYM cord-026559-xx52u01h 87 17 min min NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 87 18 ; ; : cord-026559-xx52u01h 87 19 however however RB cord-026559-xx52u01h 87 20 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 87 21 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 87 22 use use NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 87 23 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 87 24 expensive expensive JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 87 25 syringe syringe NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 87 26 pump pump NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 87 27 can can MD cord-026559-xx52u01h 87 28 be be VB cord-026559-xx52u01h 87 29 avoided avoid VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 87 30 by by IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 87 31 devising devise VBG cord-026559-xx52u01h 87 32 a a DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 87 33 spring spring NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 87 34 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 87 35 loaded load VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 87 36 syringe syringe NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 87 37 capable capable JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 87 38 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 87 39 delivering deliver VBG cord-026559-xx52u01h 87 40 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 87 41 required require VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 87 42 flow flow NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 87 43 rate rate NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 87 44 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 88 1 As as IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 88 2 blood blood NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 88 3 flows flow VBZ cord-026559-xx52u01h 88 4 into into IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 88 5 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 88 6 microchannel microchannel NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 88 7 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 88 8 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 88 9 plasma plasma NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 88 10 gets get VBZ cord-026559-xx52u01h 88 11 Fig Fig NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 88 12 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 89 1 2 2 LS cord-026559-xx52u01h 90 1 a a DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 90 2 Top top JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 90 3 : : : cord-026559-xx52u01h 90 4 mask mask NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 90 5 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 90 6 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 90 7 original original JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 90 8 blood blood NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 90 9 plasma plasma NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 90 10 separation separation NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 90 11 microdevice microdevice NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 90 12 design design NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 90 13 with with IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 90 14 additional additional JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 90 15 inlet inlet NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 90 16 for for IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 90 17 carrying carry VBG cord-026559-xx52u01h 90 18 out out RP cord-026559-xx52u01h 90 19 washing washing NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 90 20 steps step NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 90 21 and and CC cord-026559-xx52u01h 90 22 injecting inject VBG cord-026559-xx52u01h 90 23 antibodies antibody NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 90 24 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 91 1 Bottom bottom JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 91 2 : : : cord-026559-xx52u01h 91 3 side side NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 91 4 view view NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 91 5 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 91 6 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 91 7 microsystem microsystem NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 91 8 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 92 1 b b LS cord-026559-xx52u01h 92 2 Experi Experi NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 92 3 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 92 4 mental mental JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 92 5 sandwich sandwich NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 92 6 ELISA ELISA NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 92 7 : : : cord-026559-xx52u01h 92 8 showing show VBG cord-026559-xx52u01h 92 9 steps step NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 92 10 to to TO cord-026559-xx52u01h 92 11 identify identify VB cord-026559-xx52u01h 92 12 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 92 13 presence presence NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 92 14 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 92 15 SARS SARS NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 92 16 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 92 17 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 92 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 92 19 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 92 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 92 21 antibodies antibody NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 92 22 present present JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 92 23 in in IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 92 24 blood blood NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 92 25 plasma plasma NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 92 26 separated separate VBD cord-026559-xx52u01h 92 27 and and CC cord-026559-xx52u01h 92 28 flows flow VBZ cord-026559-xx52u01h 92 29 towards towards IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 92 30 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 92 31 plasma plasma NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 92 32 outlet outlet NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 92 33 reservoir reservoir NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 92 34 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 93 1 The the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 93 2 antibodies antibody NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 93 3 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 93 4 or or CC cord-026559-xx52u01h 93 5 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 93 6 target target NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 93 7 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 93 8 interest interest NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 93 9 binds bind VBZ cord-026559-xx52u01h 93 10 to to IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 93 11 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 93 12 SARS SARS NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 93 13 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 93 14 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 93 15 antigens antigen NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 93 16 coated coat VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 93 17 on on IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 93 18 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 93 19 reservoir reservoir NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 93 20 ; ; : cord-026559-xx52u01h 93 21 this this DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 93 22 step step NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 93 23 involves involve VBZ cord-026559-xx52u01h 93 24 reaction reaction NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 93 25 and and CC cord-026559-xx52u01h 93 26 incubation incubation NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 93 27 time time NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 93 28 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 94 1 Subsequently subsequently RB cord-026559-xx52u01h 94 2 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 94 3 washing washing NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 94 4 step step NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 94 5 is be VBZ cord-026559-xx52u01h 94 6 carried carry VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 94 7 out out RP cord-026559-xx52u01h 94 8 by by IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 94 9 injecting inject VBG cord-026559-xx52u01h 94 10 PBS PBS NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 94 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 94 12 phosphate phosphate NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 94 13 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 94 14 buffered buffer VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 94 15 saline saline NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 94 16 and and CC cord-026559-xx52u01h 94 17 0.1 0.1 CD cord-026559-xx52u01h 94 18 % % NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 94 19 Tween Tween NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 94 20 20 20 CD cord-026559-xx52u01h 94 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 94 22 from from IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 94 23 an an DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 94 24 additional additional JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 94 25 reservoir reservoir NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 94 26 connected connect VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 94 27 through through IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 94 28 a a DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 94 29 channel channel NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 94 30 near near IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 94 31 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 94 32 plasma plasma NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 94 33 outlet outlet NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 94 34 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 95 1 This this DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 95 2 step step NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 95 3 is be VBZ cord-026559-xx52u01h 95 4 essential essential JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 95 5 to to TO cord-026559-xx52u01h 95 6 remove remove VB cord-026559-xx52u01h 95 7 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 95 8 unbound unbound JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 95 9 molecules molecule NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 95 10 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 96 1 Next next RB cord-026559-xx52u01h 96 2 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 96 3 labelled label VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 96 4 secondary secondary JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 96 5 antibodies antibody NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 96 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 96 7 HRP HRP NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 96 8 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 96 9 horseradish horseradish NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 96 10 peroxidase peroxidase NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 96 11 conjugated conjugate VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 96 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 96 13 are be VBP cord-026559-xx52u01h 96 14 injected inject VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 96 15 and and CC cord-026559-xx52u01h 96 16 added add VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 96 17 to to IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 96 18 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 96 19 reservoir reservoir NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 96 20 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 97 1 Finally finally RB cord-026559-xx52u01h 97 2 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 97 3 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 97 4 substrate substrate NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 97 5 addition addition NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 97 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 97 7 TMB-3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine TMB-3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 97 8 + + CC cord-026559-xx52u01h 97 9 H h NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 97 10 2 2 CD cord-026559-xx52u01h 97 11 O o NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 97 12 2 2 CD cord-026559-xx52u01h 97 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 97 14 will will MD cord-026559-xx52u01h 97 15 result result VB cord-026559-xx52u01h 97 16 in in IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 97 17 colorimetric colorimetric JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 97 18 signals signal NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 97 19 for for IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 97 20 image image NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 97 21 analysis analysis NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 97 22 and and CC cord-026559-xx52u01h 97 23 determining determine VBG cord-026559-xx52u01h 97 24 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 97 25 concentration concentration NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 97 26 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 97 27 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 97 28 antibody antibody NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 97 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 97 30 Hsu Hsu NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 97 31 et et FW cord-026559-xx52u01h 97 32 al al NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 97 33 . . NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 97 34 2014 2014 CD cord-026559-xx52u01h 97 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 97 36 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 98 1 Though though IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 98 2 colorimetric colorimetric JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 98 3 methods method NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 98 4 are be VBP cord-026559-xx52u01h 98 5 simple simple JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 98 6 to to TO cord-026559-xx52u01h 98 7 employ employ VB cord-026559-xx52u01h 98 8 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 98 9 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 98 10 electrochemical electrochemical JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 98 11 methods method NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 98 12 integrated integrate VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 98 13 with with IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 98 14 smartphone smartphone NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 98 15 technology technology NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 98 16 can can MD cord-026559-xx52u01h 98 17 also also RB cord-026559-xx52u01h 98 18 be be VB cord-026559-xx52u01h 98 19 employed employ VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 98 20 for for IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 98 21 detection detection NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 98 22 purposes purpose NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 98 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 98 24 Lee Lee NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 98 25 and and CC cord-026559-xx52u01h 98 26 Lee Lee NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 98 27 2013 2013 CD cord-026559-xx52u01h 98 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 98 29 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 99 1 Realizing realize VBG cord-026559-xx52u01h 99 2 a a DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 99 3 fully fully RB cord-026559-xx52u01h 99 4 automated automate VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 99 5 testing testing NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 99 6 on on IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 99 7 a a DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 99 8 lab lab NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 99 9 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 99 10 on on IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 99 11 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 99 12 chip chip NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 99 13 format format NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 99 14 is be VBZ cord-026559-xx52u01h 99 15 quite quite RB cord-026559-xx52u01h 99 16 challenging challenging JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 99 17 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 99 18 it -PRON- PRP cord-026559-xx52u01h 99 19 is be VBZ cord-026559-xx52u01h 99 20 expected expect VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 99 21 that that IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 99 22 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 99 23 proposed propose VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 99 24 idea idea NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 99 25 will will MD cord-026559-xx52u01h 99 26 be be VB cord-026559-xx52u01h 99 27 useful useful JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 99 28 in in IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 99 29 reducing reduce VBG cord-026559-xx52u01h 99 30 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 99 31 sample sample NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 99 32 processing processing NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 99 33 and and CC cord-026559-xx52u01h 99 34 detection detection NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 99 35 time time NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 99 36 as as IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 99 37 compared compare VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 99 38 to to IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 99 39 conventional conventional JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 99 40 ELISA ELISA NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 99 41 technique technique NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 99 42 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 100 1 In in IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 100 2 addition addition NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 100 3 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 100 4 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 100 5 arrangement arrangement NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 100 6 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 100 7 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 100 8 microdevice microdevice NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 100 9 is be VBZ cord-026559-xx52u01h 100 10 such such JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 100 11 that that IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 100 12 other other JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 100 13 bio bio JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 100 14 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 100 15 markers marker NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 100 16 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 100 17 interest interest NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 100 18 can can MD cord-026559-xx52u01h 100 19 also also RB cord-026559-xx52u01h 100 20 be be VB cord-026559-xx52u01h 100 21 measured measure VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 100 22 simultaneously simultaneously RB cord-026559-xx52u01h 100 23 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 100 24 if if IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 100 25 desired desire VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 100 26 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 1 The the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 2 development development NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 3 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 4 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 5 ELISA ELISA NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 6 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 7 based base VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 8 microfluidic microfluidic JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 9 platform platform NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 10 will will MD cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 11 involve involve VB cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 12 modifications modification NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 13 in in IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 14 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 15 current current JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 16 design design NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 17 and and CC cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 18 fabrication fabrication NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 19 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 20 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 21 microdevice microdevice NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 22 using use VBG cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 23 photolithography photolithography NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 24 and and CC cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 25 soft soft JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 26 lithography lithography NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 27 techniques technique NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 28 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 29 plasma plasma NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 30 separation separation NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 31 and and CC cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 32 off off IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 33 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 34 chip chip NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 35 testing testing NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 36 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 37 separated separated JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 38 plasma plasma NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 39 using use VBG cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 40 conventional conventional JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 41 96-well 96-well CD cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 42 ELISA ELISA NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 43 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 44 procurement procurement NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 45 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 46 spike spike NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 47 proteins protein NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 48 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 49 antibodies antibody NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 50 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 51 buffers buffer NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 52 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 53 bio bio NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 54 - - JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 55 safety safety NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 56 cabinet cabinet NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 57 and and CC cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 58 spectrophotometer spectrophotometer NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 59 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 60 immobilization immobilization NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 61 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 62 antigens antigen NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 63 and and CC cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 64 related related JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 65 experiments experiment NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 66 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 67 quantification quantification NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 68 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 69 antibodies antibody NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 70 ( ( -LRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 71 image image NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 72 analysis analysis NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 73 ) ) -RRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 74 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 75 and and CC cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 76 comparison comparison NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 77 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 78 results result NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 79 obtained obtain VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 80 from from IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 81 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 82 current current JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 83 microdevice microdevice NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 84 with with IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 85 those those DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 86 obtained obtain VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 87 using use VBG cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 88 a a DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 89 conventional conventional JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 90 ELISA ELISA NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 91 kit kit NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 101 92 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 102 1 Overall overall RB cord-026559-xx52u01h 102 2 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 102 3 12 12 CD cord-026559-xx52u01h 102 4 months month NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 102 5 will will MD cord-026559-xx52u01h 102 6 be be VB cord-026559-xx52u01h 102 7 a a DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 102 8 reasonable reasonable JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 102 9 estimate estimate NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 102 10 to to TO cord-026559-xx52u01h 102 11 accomplish accomplish VB cord-026559-xx52u01h 102 12 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 102 13 whole whole JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 102 14 task task NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 102 15 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 102 16 _SP cord-026559-xx52u01h 103 1 Conflict conflict NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 103 2 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 103 3 interest interest NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 104 1 The the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 104 2 authors author NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 104 3 declare declare VBP cord-026559-xx52u01h 104 4 that that IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 104 5 they -PRON- PRP cord-026559-xx52u01h 104 6 have have VBP cord-026559-xx52u01h 104 7 no no DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 104 8 competing compete VBG cord-026559-xx52u01h 104 9 interests interest NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 104 10 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 105 1 Ethical ethical JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 105 2 approval approval NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 106 1 This this DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 106 2 article article NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 106 3 does do VBZ cord-026559-xx52u01h 106 4 not not RB cord-026559-xx52u01h 106 5 contain contain VB cord-026559-xx52u01h 106 6 any any DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 106 7 studies study NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 106 8 with with IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 106 9 human human JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 106 10 participants participant NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 106 11 or or CC cord-026559-xx52u01h 106 12 animals animal NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 106 13 performed perform VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 106 14 by by IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 106 15 any any DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 106 16 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 106 17 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 106 18 authors author NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 106 19 . . . cord-026559-xx52u01h 107 1 Developing develop VBG cord-026559-xx52u01h 107 2 antibody antibody NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 107 3 tests test NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 107 4 for for IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 107 5 SARS SARS NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 107 6 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 107 7 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 107 8 Straightforward straightforward JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 107 9 protein protein NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 107 10 immobilization immobilization NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 107 11 on on IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 107 12 Sylgard Sylgard NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 107 13 184 184 CD cord-026559-xx52u01h 107 14 PDMS PDMS NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 107 15 microarray microarray NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 107 16 surface surface NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 107 17 Based Based NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 107 18 ELISA ELISA NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 107 19 for for IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 107 20 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 107 21 detection detection NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 107 22 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 107 23 autoimmune autoimmune JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 107 24 antibodies antibody NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 107 25 in in IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 107 26 body body NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 107 27 fluid fluid VBP cord-026559-xx52u01h 107 28 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 107 29 case case NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 107 30 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 107 31 bullous bullous NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 107 32 pemphigoid pemphigoid NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 107 33 Lab Lab NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 107 34 on on IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 107 35 a a DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 107 36 chip chip NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 107 37 for for IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 107 38 in in IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 107 39 situ situ JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 107 40 diagnosis diagnosis NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 107 41 : : : cord-026559-xx52u01h 107 42 from from IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 107 43 blood blood NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 107 44 to to IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 107 45 point point NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 107 46 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 107 47 care care NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 1 A a DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 2 fully fully RB cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 3 integrated integrate VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 4 distance distance NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 5 readout readout NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 6 ELISA ELISA NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 7 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 8 Chip Chip NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 9 for for IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 10 point point NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 11 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 12 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 13 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 14 care care NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 15 testing testing NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 16 with with IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 17 sample sample NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 18 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 19 in in IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 20 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 21 answer answer NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 22 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 23 out out RP cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 24 capability capability NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 25 A a DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 26 novel novel NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 27 , , , cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 28 compact compact JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 29 and and CC cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 30 efficient efficient JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 31 microchannel microchannel NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 32 arrangement arrangement NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 33 with with IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 34 multiple multiple JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 35 hydrodynamic hydrodynamic JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 36 effects effect NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 37 for for IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 38 blood blood NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 39 plasma plasma NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 40 separation separation NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 41 Rapid Rapid NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 42 detection detection NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 43 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 44 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 45 causative causative JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 46 virus virus NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 48 SARS SARS NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 49 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 50 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 52 in in IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 53 human human JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 54 nasopharyngeal nasopharyngeal JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 55 swab swab NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 56 specimens specimen NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 57 using use VBG cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 58 field field NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 59 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 60 effect effect NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 61 transistor transistor NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 62 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 63 based base VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 64 biosensor biosensor NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 65 Blood blood NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 66 plasma plasma NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 67 separation separation NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 68 in in IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 69 elevated elevated JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 70 dimension dimension NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 71 T t NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 72 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 73 shaped shape VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 74 microchannel microchannel NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 75 Performance performance NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 76 study study NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 77 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 78 microfluidic microfluidic JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 79 device device NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 80 for for IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 81 blood blood NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 82 plasma plasma NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 83 separation separation NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 84 - - : cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 85 a a DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 86 designer designer NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 87 's 's POS cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 88 perspective perspective JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 89 Passive passive JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 90 blood blood NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 91 plasma plasma NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 92 separation separation NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 93 at at IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 94 the the DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 95 microscale microscale NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 108 96 : : : cord-026559-xx52u01h 109 1 A a DT cord-026559-xx52u01h 109 2 review review NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 109 3 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 109 4 design design NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 109 5 principles principle NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 109 6 and and CC cord-026559-xx52u01h 109 7 microdevices microdevice NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 109 8 Microdevice Microdevice NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 109 9 for for IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 109 10 plasma plasma NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 109 11 separation separation NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 109 12 from from IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 109 13 whole whole JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 109 14 human human JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 109 15 blood blood NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 109 16 using use VBG cord-026559-xx52u01h 109 17 bio bio JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 109 18 - - JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 109 19 physical physical JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 109 20 and and CC cord-026559-xx52u01h 109 21 geometrical geometrical JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 109 22 effects effect NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 109 23 International International NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 109 24 Patent Patent NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 109 25 on on IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 109 26 Microdevice Microdevice NNP cord-026559-xx52u01h 109 27 for for IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 109 28 separating separate VBG cord-026559-xx52u01h 109 29 plasma plasma NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 109 30 from from IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 109 31 human human JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 109 32 blood blood NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 109 33 Enzyme Enzyme NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 109 34 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 109 35 free free JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 109 36 plasmonic plasmonic NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 109 37 biosensor biosensor NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 109 38 for for IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 109 39 direct direct JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 109 40 detection detection NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 109 41 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 109 42 neurotransmitter neurotransmitter NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 109 43 dopamine dopamine NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 109 44 from from IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 109 45 whole whole JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 109 46 blood blood NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 110 1 In in IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 110 2 vitro vitro FW cord-026559-xx52u01h 110 3 diagnostic diagnostic JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 110 4 assays assay NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 110 5 for for IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 110 6 COVID-19 covid-19 VB cord-026559-xx52u01h 110 7 : : : cord-026559-xx52u01h 110 8 recent recent JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 110 9 advances advance NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 110 10 and and CC cord-026559-xx52u01h 110 11 emerging emerge VBG cord-026559-xx52u01h 110 12 trends trend NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 110 13 Point point NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 110 14 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 110 15 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 110 16 - - HYPH cord-026559-xx52u01h 110 17 care care NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 110 18 microdevices microdevice NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 110 19 for for IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 110 20 blood blood NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 110 21 plasma plasma NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 110 22 analysis analysis NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 110 23 in in IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 110 24 viral viral JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 110 25 infectious infectious JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 110 26 diseases disease NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 110 27 Orientation orientation NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 110 28 and and CC cord-026559-xx52u01h 110 29 characterization characterization NN cord-026559-xx52u01h 110 30 of of IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 110 31 immobilized immobilized JJ cord-026559-xx52u01h 110 32 antibodies antibody NNS cord-026559-xx52u01h 110 33 for for IN cord-026559-xx52u01h 110 34 improved improve VBN cord-026559-xx52u01h 110 35 immunoassays immunoassays NNP