Summary of your 'study carrel' ============================== This is a summary of your Distant Reader 'study carrel'. The Distant Reader harvested & cached your content into a collection/corpus. It then applied sets of natural language processing and text mining against the collection. The results of this process was reduced to a database file -- a 'study carrel'. The study carrel can then be queried, thus bringing light specific characteristics for your collection. These characteristics can help you summarize the collection as well as enumerate things you might want to investigate more closely. This report is a terse narrative report, and when processing is complete you will be linked to a more complete narrative report. Eric Lease Morgan Number of items in the collection; 'How big is my corpus?' ---------------------------------------------------------- 46 Average length of all items measured in words; "More or less, how big is each item?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7787 Average readability score of all items (0 = difficult; 100 = easy) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 Top 50 statistically significant keywords; "What is my collection about?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 41 energy 6 covid-19 5 Energy 3 renewable 3 power 3 pandemic 3 figure 2 system 2 social 2 quantum 2 mol 2 model 2 human 2 coal 2 SARS 2 Earth 1 work 1 wind 1 transition 1 term 1 sustainable 1 storage 1 sector 1 saving 1 rock 1 respiration 1 research 1 r&d 1 price 1 prediction 1 potential 1 particle 1 oil 1 node 1 network 1 moroccan 1 molecule 1 modeling 1 methanol 1 membrane 1 market 1 life 1 internet 1 interface 1 interaction 1 information 1 industry 1 increase 1 iberian 1 household Top 50 lemmatized nouns; "What is discussed?" --------------------------------------------- 5287 energy 1052 system 760 model 657 particle 651 % 630 study 628 power 625 drug 589 consumption 551 time 539 policy 520 technology 482 interaction 475 change 468 industry 453 electricity 439 analysis 432 transition 429 carbon 420 datum 397 effect 392 market 389 use 376 emission 371 research 368 process 362 development 355 case 343 value 336 impact 334 coal 333 efficiency 324 sector 319 interface 319 adsorption 318 term 318 production 317 information 314 rate 312 demand 309 result 309 country 301 level 295 membrane 295 figure 294 state 292 method 288 structure 288 source 269 number Top 50 proper nouns; "What are the names of persons or places?" -------------------------------------------------------------- 582 al 491 et 432 Energy 320 . 268 kcal 215 China 188 EU 162 COVID-19 158 Fig 148 I&S 140 Table 134 UK 123 Morocco 122 TENG 119 C 110 DFT 108 J 108 Germany 99 • 92 Cu 89 CO2 88 H 83 Malaysia 82 SARS 79 K 79 Figure 77 MEPVC 75 B 73 PV 72 BNNT 71 European 68 United 66 CO 64 Policy 64 ALW 63 SWCNT 62 Weston 61 Lawrence 61 Iran 61 EROI 60 TIS 59 Government 58 S 57 RE 57 Al 54 Europe 54 2C 53 N 48 energy 48 World Top 50 personal pronouns nouns; "To whom are things referred?" ------------------------------------------------------------- 1153 it 827 we 491 they 165 them 139 i 61 he 49 us 47 itself 38 themselves 38 one 32 you 22 she 9 me 5 its 5 him 5 her 1 u 1 oe1 1 himself 1 cord-325471-fc152wm3 1 cc(t)s 1 a.1-a.3 Top 50 lemmatized verbs; "What do things do?" --------------------------------------------- 10225 be 1824 have 1156 use 550 base 532 increase 459 show 396 include 367 make 358 do 344 provide 320 consider 293 see 255 reduce 252 take 241 give 237 find 234 require 234 observe 232 develop 223 generate 220 lead 210 compare 203 need 201 follow 199 relate 198 support 195 propose 193 bind 182 represent 167 affect 164 calculate 152 present 152 become 149 result 144 improve 139 study 138 allow 136 indicate 135 suggest 135 report 133 change 132 work 132 create 130 remain 129 exist 128 investigate 127 determine 126 produce 126 drive 122 decrease Top 50 lemmatized adjectives and adverbs; "How are things described?" --------------------------------------------------------------------- 854 not 796 also 732 high 665 more 637 such 616 - 545 renewable 543 other 499 low 453 social 423 new 418 well 376 different 360 however 351 economic 345 only 344 large 342 most 332 global 314 as 285 many 284 long 276 environmental 262 human 256 local 256 first 247 e.g. 245 main 237 solar 236 further 233 therefore 232 potential 219 specific 214 important 209 several 205 thus 203 sustainable 197 small 191 then 187 even 184 non 183 same 179 very 169 key 165 significant 164 less 163 respectively 163 public 162 single 160 total Top 50 lemmatized superlative adjectives; "How are things described to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 126 most 70 good 54 least 45 high 41 low 27 large 27 Most 15 late 13 big 9 small 7 great 5 bad 4 strong 3 simple 2 windy 2 farth 2 easy 1 ω 1 rich 1 poor 1 new 1 near 1 long 1 furth 1 fit 1 early 1 close 1 clear 1 Least 1 0:0016 1 -lack Top 50 lemmatized superlative adverbs; "How do things do to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 216 most 15 least 5 well 1 highest 1 hard Top 50 Internet domains; "What Webbed places are alluded to in this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 www 3 doi.org 3 doi 2 creativecommons.org 1 www.worldometers.info 1 www.theguardian.com 1 www.omip 1 www.gov.uk 1 www.elsevier.com 1 www.dw.com 1 www.ambitionlw 1 uceedumy.sharepoint.com 1 sv-comp.sosy-lab.org 1 pubs.acs.org 1 github.com 1 ec.europa.eu Top 50 URLs; "What is hyperlinked from this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------- 3 http://www 3 http://doi 1 http://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/ 1 http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2019/sep/25/ 1 http://www.omip 1 http://www.gov.uk/government/publications/renewable-energy-planning-databasemonthly-extract 1 http://www.elsevier.com/locate/enpol 1 http://www.dw.com/en/environmental-groups-hit-backas-german-coal-companies-try-to-sue-eu/a-42801965 1 http://www.ambitionlw 1 http://uceedumy.sharepoint.com/personal/wgchiriboga_uce_edu_ec/_layouts/15/Doc.aspx? 1 http://sv-comp.sosy-lab.org/2019/results/results-verified/All-Raw.zip 1 http://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00683 1 http://github.com/sosy-lab/ 1 http://ec.europa.eu/ 1 http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1300309 1 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111459 1 http://doi.org/10.1002/eom2 1 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 1 http://creativecommons.org/ Top 50 email addresses; "Who are you gonna call?" ------------------------------------------------- 1 zhan3062@purdue.edu 1 yilong.han@tongji.edu.cn 1 lyk@tongji.edu.cn 1 jiang2@purdue.edu 1 cly900601@tongji.edu.cn 1 1510322@tongji.edu.cn Top 50 positive assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-noun?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 process was spontaneous 4 energy has long 3 interactions are important 3 research did not 3 use is not 2 analysis is possible 2 carbon is essentially 2 consumption is critical 2 consumption is not 2 drug using dft 2 electricity generating companies 2 emission is negatively 2 energies are significantly 2 energies increased dramatically 2 energies is not 2 energy is further 2 energy use as 2 energy use data 2 industry is feasible 2 industry is not 2 interaction was further 2 model does not 2 model is not 2 model is significantly 2 models using detailed 2 particles do not 2 policy are more 2 process was complete 2 studied using dft 2 studies are available 2 system does not 2 systems are less 2 systems do not 2 technologies make use 2 time is very 1 % had further 1 % has a 1 % is also 1 % is necessary 1 % were aged 1 analysis are co 1 analysis included actor 1 analysis included resources 1 analysis is also 1 analysis is close 1 analysis is important 1 analysis is schematically 1 analysis showing superior 1 analysis shows fast 1 analysis uses primary Top 50 negative assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-no|not-noun?" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 % leading no significant 1 consumption are not sustainable 1 consumption is not linear 1 consumption is not necessarily 1 energies is not enough 1 energies is not sufficient 1 energy is no exception 1 energy represents no adsorption 1 industry is not clear 1 market is not directly 1 model is not only 1 model is not simply 1 particles do not only 1 policy is not only 1 processes is not as 1 study found no feasible 1 system does not only 1 system is not directly 1 systems are not even 1 systems do not necessarily 1 transition is not only A rudimentary bibliography -------------------------- id = cord-293304-kakxmc14 author = Achutha, A. S. title = Theoretical Insights into the Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity of Chloroquine and Its Analogs and In Silico Screening of Main Protease Inhibitors date = 2020-09-22 keywords = HCQ; SARS; cys145; energy summary = The interactions with the active site residues especially with Cys145 and His41, which are involved in catalytic diad for proteolysis, make these compounds potent main protease inhibitors. Molecular docking studies with the 3CL pro protein were performed to analyze the drug likeness as well as to correlate the binding energy of the docked complex with various physicochemical properties of the active molecules, which will aid in the design of new anti-COVID-19 medicatives. By using the formulated regression Model 2, we predicted the binding energy of some primaquine analogs obtained from the literature and PubChem database and then carried out their molecular docking studies on 3CL pro target to check the inhibitory potency of the ligands, given in Table 4 . Thirty molecules that showed lower binding energies were subjected to molecular docking analysis to identify the potent 3CL pro inhibitors (Supplementary Figure S5) . doi = 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00683 id = cord-305429-8pm28fmd author = Almaktar, Mohamed title = Revitalizing Operational Reliability of the Electrical Energy System in Libya: Feasibility Analysis of Solar Generation in Local Communities date = 2020-08-14 keywords = Energy; Libya summary = This paper investigates the use of small-scale PV systems in local communities as non-wires alternative (NWA), offering excess energy exchange within local/neighboring microgrids (MGs) for reliable electric power supply. It is, therefore, imperative for local communities in Libya to tap the 260 vast RE potential the country has and develop modular power supply via distributed renewable generation 261 as a NWA connected directly to load centers. In terms of energy sale, the study initially assumes 498 that the NWA system receives no incentive for injecting excess energy into the grid as this is the real case Considering the grid electricity price equals to 1.4 $¢/kWh (current tariff), inflation rate at 12%, diesel 506 fuel price in its lowest (11 $¢/L), and $0 for the price of energy sold back to the grid, it is found that the 507 optimum configuration is for the PV-grid without battery storage, referring to Fig. 11 . doi = 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123647 id = cord-239720-efbfqnem author = Axelrod, Simon title = GEOM: Energy-annotated molecular conformations for property prediction and molecular generation date = 2020-06-09 keywords = conformer; energy; molecule summary = This dataset will assist benchmarking and transfer learning in two classes of tasks: inferring 3D properties from 2D molecular graphs, and developing generative models to sample 3D conformations. Machine learning outperforms traditional rulebased baselines in many molecule-related tasks, including property prediction and virtual screening [1] [2] [3] , inverse design using generative models [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] , reinforcement learning [12] [13] [14] [15] , differentiable simulators [10, 16, 17] , and synthesis planning and retrosynthesis [18, 19] . Molecular representations in machine learning, and the existing reference datasets, typically use either graphs [28] , or a single point cloud per molecule [29] . Message-passing neural networks use these node and edge features to create a learned fingerprint (representation) for the molecule. A variety of graph convolutional models have been proposed for learning force fields, which map a set of 3D atomic positions of a molecular entity to an energy. doi = nan id = cord-276178-0hrs1w7r author = Bangotra, Deep Kumar title = An Intelligent Opportunistic Routing Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks and Its Application Towards e-Healthcare date = 2020-07-13 keywords = WSN; energy; network; node summary = In this paper, we propose an intelligent opportunistic routing protocol (IOP) using a machine learning technique, to select a relay node from the list of potential forwarder nodes to achieve energy efficiency and reliability in the network. The problem of energy efficiency during the routing of data packets from source to target in case of IoToriented WSN is significantly addressed by another network-based routing protocol known as GreeDi [6] . The problem of energy efficiency during the routing of data packets from source to target in case of IoT-oriented WSN is significantly addressed by another network-based routing protocol known as GreeDi [6] . The proposed method of relay node selection using IOP could be understood by considering an example of WSN shown in Figure 2 and using the naïve Baye''s algorithm on the generic data available in Table 4 , to find the optimal path in terms of energy efficiency and reliability from source node S to destination node D. doi = 10.3390/s20143887 id = cord-031641-x51pprjt author = Beyer, Dirk title = CPU Energy Meter: A Tool for Energy-Aware Algorithms Engineering date = 2020-03-13 keywords = CPU; Energy summary = In order to make energy measurements as easy as possible, we integrated CPU Energy Meter into BenchExec, a benchmarking tool that is already used by many researchers and competitions in the domain of formal methods. Using CPU Energy Meter does not require any extra hardware, but accesses the existing feature for energy measurement called RAPL that Intel CPUs provide. The 8 th International Competition on Software Verification (SV-COMP''19) [3] measured energy consumption of verification tools using BenchExec and CPU Energy Meter and for the first time provided an alternative "green" ranking based on energy efficiency (CPU-energy usage divided by achieved score). The lightweight tool CPU Energy Meter fills this gap: It supports reading Intel-RAPL-based energy measurements in a convenient way and -via integration into BenchExec-using a tool environment that many verification researchers use anyway already. doi = 10.1007/978-3-030-45237-7_8 id = cord-348594-nevbssd3 author = Boulakhbar, M. title = Towards a large-scale integration of renewable energies in Morocco date = 2020-09-02 keywords = Morocco; energy; moroccan; power; renewable; storage summary = Energy transition in Morocco is expected to have a significant impact on the national power grid stability, generating both a significant need for a network (to integrate a growing fraction of renewable production and benefit from the proliferation of intermittent production) and a decrease in its utilization rate (linked to self-consumption and decentralization of production). Gas is expected to play a major role in the electricity mix and according to [48] in 2011 the gas demand in the MENA countries grew faster than in other regions., since Morocco plans to import 5 billion cubic meters (bcm) of LNG via a new LNG import terminal, which will provide 2,400 MW of new combined cycle gas turbines (CCGTs).Morocco''s needs for flexibility will increase and will mainly be provided via decentralized tools (energy storage, erasure, consumption modulation, electric vehicles batteries, decentralized production) requiring the aggregation of a large number of diffuse points; distribution network operators will become real operators, responsible for active network management and the organization of local flexibility markets. doi = 10.1016/j.est.2020.101806 id = cord-345024-dtsi9qit author = Brauers, Hanna title = Comparing coal phase-out pathways: The United Kingdom’s and Germany’s diverging transitions date = 2020-10-01 keywords = Geels; Germany; coal; electricity; energy summary = Each workshops focused on a different set of topics, either touching more socio-political (e.g. health concerns, climate and environmental regulation options) or techno-economic (e.g. number of job losses and possible replacements, technical replacement of coal with renewable energies, grid stability, affordability) aspects as well as the response strategies of the coal regime (e.g. modelling phase-out pathways, liability issues). The declining role of coal combined with widely appreciated and available alternatives like local natural gas, nuclear energy, and renewable energy helped to generate public support for climate change policies. Several policies introduced after 2006 constrained coal''s business opportunities long before the final phase-out decision in 2015, especially the CPF, the Renewables Obligation (RO), the Emissions Performance Standard (EPS), as well as more in general the Climate Change Act and the related carbon budgets. doi = 10.1016/j.eist.2020.09.001 id = cord-291179-p2ro0zdj author = Brown, Marilyn A. title = Estimating employment from energy-efficiency investments date = 2020-06-08 keywords = efficiency; energy summary = • The first two steps involve estimating the magnitude of investments in energy-efficient technologies and systems required to produce a unit of energy consumption reduction, and then identifying how these investments are expensed across the broad investment categories, which creates the preliminary "bills of goods" for investments in energy efficiency in homes, businesses, and industry. • In the final step we apply the input-output coefficients representing the bills of goods to estimate the direct, indirect and induced employment per million dollars of investment in energy efficiency. The authors summarize the prevailing studies as following one of two approaches -bottom-up where surveys and interviews are used to generate the number of jobs in the sector, and top-down approaches where economic modeling (such as computable general equilibrium, input-output, econometric models) is used to estimate the macroeconomic effect of investments in clean energy. To estimate the employment impact of investments in energy efficiency, we develop an approach that applies employment coefficients from the IMPLAN input-output model to results from the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS) ( Fig. 1 ). doi = 10.1016/j.mex.2020.100955 id = cord-335330-d8qevnl5 author = Brown, Stephen P.A. title = The continuing evolution of Energy Policy date = 2020-04-09 keywords = Energy; Policy; article summary = Dominated by the oil crises, security of supply, and energy efficiency, the 1975, 76, 77 and 79 volumes did not have any articles addressing environmental or climate change issues. Articles about climate issues related to energy use took a bit longer to develop, and the journal published a special issue on climate policy in 1993. Increased recognition about environmental issues and climate change associated with energy use and then rising oil prices have stimulated a strong surge in research about energy policy. Although the journal has become more technical as the field of energy-related research has matured, we expect the articles that we publish to inform energy-related policy. We are working to increase the number of Invited Review Articles, and we continue to seek the submission of manuscripts addressing behavioral aspects of energy choices that need to be better understood in order to design effective programs and policies. doi = 10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111459 id = cord-291909-x0sfwqnk author = Butler, Colin D. title = Environmental Health, Planetary Boundaries and Limits to Growth date = 2019-09-12 keywords = Earth; LTG; change; climate; energy; health; human summary = To be more than reactive, it is necessary to understand the complexity and interactions of integrated environmental health risks, including the possibility of significant global population decline within the current century. This contribution provides an overview to the Limits to Growth, linking it especially to the "planetary boundaries" of climate change, biodiversity loss and novel entities (including artificial substances and genetically modified organisms). On one hand, it estimates the ecological assets required to produce the resources consumed by any discrete population; this includes food and fiber plants, livestock and fish, timber and other forest products, space for urban infrastructure and whatever "sinks" are needed to absorb the waste produced, especially carbon dioxide emissions. Although the environmental health literature has long identified links between health and indicators used in the LTG model, such as food, services, and pollution, there has been little recognition among the health community, including within public health, of the possibility of a reduction in population this century. doi = 10.1016/b978-0-12-409548-9.10651-7 id = cord-283907-ev1ghlwl author = Cao, Lingyan title = Electrical load prediction of healthcare buildings through single and ensemble learning date = 2020-11-30 keywords = building; energy; model; prediction summary = Therefore, in this paper, the authors propose a one day-ahead electrical load forecasting model based on single and ensemble machine learning algorithms. In the present study, electrical load forecasting models of healthcare buildings are developed based on single and ensemble machine learning algorithms by taking account multi-factors simultaneously. To address this gap, this study takes into account the occupancy of outpatients, emergency patients, and inpatients and employs single and ensemble machine learning algorithms to predict the electric load demand of healthcare buildings. It can be seen that the electric load prediction for the healthcare buildings includes three steps: (1) Identify the relevant features and gather data, (2) Train single and ensemble learning models with prepared dataset, and (3) Compare the prediction performance of different models. Electrical load forecasting is naturally considered to be a regression problem in machine learning, aiming to accurately predict the energy demand of buildings based on its relationship with a given set of independent input variables. doi = 10.1016/j.egyr.2020.10.005 id = cord-333338-6mxeq8dg author = Cheshmehzangi, Ali title = COVID-19 and household energy implications: what are the main impacts on energy use? date = 2020-10-09 keywords = covid-19; energy; household summary = By exploring this overarching aim, the main objectives of this perspective paper are (1) to evaluate the main impacts on the primary household energy use, (2) to suggest what could become a longer-term energy implication for the households, and (3) to address what needs to be studied at a larger scale in the future research. The methodology package is designed based on a pilot study, evaluating the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on household energy use and consumption. Second, the results of ''cooking'' and ''household entertainment activities'' are summarized together to indicate the changes between different phases and the correlation between these two daily needs that require energy use for preparation and operations. It mainly investigates the changes that could suggest major impacts on the household energy use because of the COVID-19, and some that could potentially last longer than these few months of the pandemic. doi = 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05202 id = cord-304935-8gcmqh4e author = Chiriboga, Gonzalo title = Energy Return on Investment (EROI) and Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) of biofuels in Ecuador date = 2020-06-28 keywords = EROI; Ecuador; african; energy summary = Several issues have slowed the incorporation of biofuels into worldwide transportation, for example, competition with the food sector for the use of feedstocks (Ho et al., 2014) , the decrease in the calorific value due to the presence of oxygen (Oh et al., 2018) , stillage handling and disposal (Silva et al., 2011) , and the Energy Return on Investment (EROI) (Jessica G Lambert, Hall, Balogh, Gupta and Arnold, 2013) . First, the study developed an extensive survey of the different raw materials with energetic potential (Instituto Nacional de Preinversi on, 2014), namely agricultural and forestry crops with higher production records and yields, such as sugar cane, corn, wood, African palm (Figueroa de la Vega, 2008) , and pinion (Instituto Interamericano de Cooperaci on para la Agricultura, 2016). Hence, statistical tools and case studies are needed to determine the relationship between the energy consumption "dependent variable" and the raw material "independent variable." For biofuels production, this information allows the construction of four scenarios with different levels of corn, wood, fat, and African palm designated. doi = 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04213 id = cord-006947-nrzjedhi author = Dasgupta, S title = Nano- and microparticles at fluid and biological interfaces date = 2017-09-20 keywords = Society; capillary; energy; figure; interaction; interface; membrane; particle summary = Keywords: membranes, nanoparticles, capillary interactions, lipid bilayers, emulsions, viruses, interfaces (Some figures may appear in colour only in the online journal) For micrometer-sized particles, the contrib ution of the line tension is negligible; the trapping energy is proportional to the liquid-vapor interface tension γ v and decreases with decreasing contact angle, see figure 6 . Reprinted with permission from [78] copyright of The Royal Society of Chemistry (f) Deformation profiles of an interface around a particle with Hauser''s cube shape at contact angle θ = 56.28 Whether a particle stabilizes or destabilizes a film furthermore depends on the orientation that the particle assumes at the interface [102] , see section 2.4. Because the energy for an orientation where only one spherical particle is in contact with an interface does not depend on the tilt angle, an arrest in such a state could be caused by surface roughness. doi = 10.1088/1361-648x/aa7933 id = cord-283133-jspfwuqu author = Farangi, Mostafa title = The environmental and economic analysis of grid-connected photovoltaic power systems with silicon solar panels, in accord with the new energy policy in Iran date = 2020-07-01 keywords = Iran; energy; power summary = Due to the high CO(2) emissions alongside with the high solar energy harvesting potential in Iran, We have presented a clear simulation on 20 kW and 1 MW grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) power plants using RETScreen software to determine the environmental and economic aspects based on the net greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions reduction, the annual electricity exported to the grid, the cumulative cash flows, and the payback period for the initial investment. Due to the serious CO 2 emissions and air pollution in large cities of the country alongside with the high solar energy harvesting potential and growing trend of utilization of PV technology in Iran, we investigate environmental and economic aspects of two different scales of PV systems, 20 kW as a candidate for small-scale (for residential and commercial users) and 1 MW as a candidate for large-scale (utility-scale) grid-connected PV power systems in Tehran, Iran, using RETScreen software based on the new feed-in tariff policy. doi = 10.1016/j.energy.2020.117771 id = cord-311868-40bri19f author = Fattahi, A. title = A systemic approach to analyze integrated energy system modeling tools: A review of national models date = 2020-11-30 keywords = ESM; Energy; MCA; model; modeling; system summary = We reviewed the literature focusing on nineteen integrated Energy System Models (ESMs) to: (i) identify the capabilities and shortcomings of current ESMs to analyze adequately the transition towards a low-carbon energy system; (ii) assess the performance of the selected models by means of the derived criteria, and (iii) discuss some potential solutions to address the ESM gaps. First, we identify key criteria for analyzing current ESMs and we describe seven current and future low-carbon energy system modeling challenges: the increasing need for flexibility, further electrification, emergence of new technologies, technological learning and efficiency improvements, decentralization, macroeconomic interactions, and the role of social behavior in the energy system transition. Based on these modeling challenges, we identify the required modeling capabilities, such as the need for hourly temporal resolution, sectoral coupling technologies (i.e., P2X), technological learning, flexibility and storage technologies, human behavior, cross border trade, and linking with market and macroeconomic models. doi = 10.1016/j.rser.2020.110195 id = cord-278900-3rfb1b71 author = Fell, Michael J. title = Validity of energy social research during and after COVID-19: challenges, considerations, and responses date = 2020-06-13 keywords = covid-19; energy; pandemic; research summary = Largely grounded in existing good practice guidance, our recommendations include collecting and reporting additional supporting contextual data, reviewing aspects of research design for vulnerability to validity challenges, and building in longitudinal elements where feasible. Broadly speaking, these principles involve giving consideration to possible impacts of the pandemic and associated response measures on findings; adjusting research design and data collection to reflect this; and reporting extra contextual detail. Our recommendations address data collection and the reporting of study conditions and context, as well as considerations for study designs in order to ensure high validity of energy social science research conducted during and after the pandemic. In this paper we have set out what we see as important challenges to the validity --internal, external, and of other forms --of social research in energy associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and measures put in place to control it. doi = 10.1016/j.erss.2020.101646 id = cord-257213-ukr5a4g3 author = Garcia, Davide Astiaso title = Developing and testing a new tool to foster wind energy sector industrial skills date = 2020-10-06 keywords = energy; sector; wind summary = Hence, the main aim of this paper is to develop and test an innovative method based on gamification to increase wind energy sector industrial skills, providing a digital interactive environment in the form of a new user-friendly software that can allow its users to train and contribute to the teaching and learning contents. 125 In light of the above-mentioned current context, main research gaps include the standardization of the 126 operational skills for the staff qualification and the development of an ad hoc serious game that considers 127 J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f and integrates the current approaches for professional trainings for installations and O&M activities in the 128 wind energy sector. doi = 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124549 id = cord-327278-2n9eo1n8 author = Gil-Alana, Luis A. title = The relationship between energy consumption and prices. Evidence from futures and spot markets in Spain and Portugal date = 2020-09-30 keywords = energy; iberian; market; price summary = where y t refers to each of the observed time series (energy consumption and prices in the spot and future markets); β 0 and β 1 are unknown coefficients referring, respectively, to an intercept and a linear time trend, while x t is supposed to be I(d), where d can be any real value; finally, u t is I(0), expressed in terms of both uncorrelated and autocorrelated (Bloomfield) errors. These results suggest that the energy spot market in Portugal and Spain presents the price-elasticity of demand expected behaviour of micro-economics, where higher prices induces lower consumption and vice-versa, in a feedback process that is temporally persistent. Throughout this paper the stochastic properties of energy consumption and energy prices in Spain and Portugal have been examined by using fractional integration or I(d) techniques in the spot and futures markets. doi = 10.1016/j.esr.2020.100522 id = cord-033693-zx5g5dyg author = Hardon, Anita title = Chemical 24/7 date = 2020-10-14 keywords = Amsterdam; Brooklyn; Philippines; drink; energy; work summary = This chapter shines a light on what happens in the dark: specifically, we present ethnographic insights from the nightlife economy and how chemicals enable youth to work "24/7." Producers, promoters, DJs, hosts, artists, performers, drag queens, musicians, stage managers, bartenders, hospitality girls, and dancers from Amsterdam, Brooklyn, Bira (Indonesia), and Puerto Princesa (the Philippines) share with the ChemicalYouth team the various stimulants they use to stay awake and perform their jobs during non-typical working hours, and the other chemicals that they take in order to be able to sleep and recover afterwards. In the Philippines and Indonesia our focused ethnographies examined how young people used stimulants to have energy and strength enough to conduct physically challenging work, laboring long hours as porters, construction workers, and security guards. Diego observed that being alert during their long shifts was a key challenge for these workers, and that they relied on energy drinks as the main substance they use to help stay awake. doi = 10.1007/978-3-030-57081-1_6 id = cord-303102-ap1dzbp9 author = Iqbal, Sajid title = It is time to control the worst: testing COVID-19 outbreak, energy consumption and CO(2) emission date = 2020-11-12 keywords = Pakistan; consumption; covid-19; energy summary = While, due to COVID-19 outbreak, several health issues have been raised and such issues are becoming serious days by day, more specifically in frugal economies like Pakistan, this impact is very critical, and now, an economic shock is being perceived; lockdown is being extended continuously; and by the effect of lockdown fuel consumption, CO 2 emission, energy demand and supply declined and market mechanism is altered very speedily. By the fact, the COVID-19 outbreak affected the energy sector of the world as a whole, and eventually, the demand graph of oil supplies have become bearish; oil market prices faced a decline; and big economies like the USA are bidding the oil-free of cost (Malamud and Núñez 2020) . We contributed in literature by presenting a novel study on the COVID-19 effect on carbon emission and energy consumption in modern time when the world is finding the solution for each and every sector and each and every aspect to make it sustainable. doi = 10.1007/s11356-020-11462-z id = cord-320490-3jmo35jc author = Ismail, Saba title = Immuno-informatics Characterization SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein for Prioritization of Epitope based Multivalent Peptide Vaccine date = 2020-04-12 keywords = HLA; MEPVC; SARS; TLR3; energy; mol summary = In this study, we characterized the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein by immune-informatics techniques to put forward potential B and T cell epitopes, followed by the use of epitopes in construction of a multi-epitope peptide vaccine construct (MEPVC). Stable conformation of the MEPVC with a representative innate immune TLR3 receptor was observed involving strong hydrophobic and hydrophilic chemical interactions, along with enhanced contribution from salt-bridges towards inter-molecular stability. The study presented, herein, is an attempt to get insights about antigenic determinants of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and highlight all antigenic epitopes [31] of the spike that can be used specifically for the design of a multi-epitope peptide vaccine construct (MEPVC) [32] to counter COVID-19 infections. The epitopes predicted by immunoinformatics techniques were fused together as well as to β-defensin adjuvant [33, 34] to boost the antibody production and longThe MEPVC affinity for an appropriate immune receptor as an agonist was checked in the step of molecular docking [60] . doi = 10.1101/2020.04.05.026005 id = cord-318524-704w8ldm author = Kadir, M.A. title = Experimental and DFT data of p-chlorocalix[4]arene as drugs receptor date = 2020-09-02 keywords = arene; energy summary = The data in this article provide information on spectroscopic and theoretical data for p-chlorocalix[4]arene when combined with selected drugs, such as paracetamol, ibuprofen, and cetirizine. It is interesting to note that of the three titled drugs identified, p-chlorocalix[4]arene showed the highest interaction energy with paracetamol, followed by ibuprofen and cetirizine. Keywords p-Chlorocalix [4] arene, paracetamol, interaction energy, molecular receptors, Gaussian Specifications Table Subject Chemistry Gaussian 09 software was used to calculate the interactions between host (pchlorocalix [4] arene ) and guest molecules (paracetamol, ibuprofen, and cetirizine) The p-chlorocalix [4] arene acted as molecular host, and three selected guest drugs namely paracetamol, ibuprofen, and cetirizine, acted as the guest molecules. The diagram showed that pchlorocalix [4] arene and cetirizine has the lowest energy band gap (2.9321 eV) as compared to paracetamol (4.9239 eV) and ibuprofen (5.1128 eV). doi = 10.1016/j.dib.2020.106263 id = cord-102200-9sm4rlao author = Kazi, Aamer title = Specific cutting energy reduction of granite using plasma treatment: A feasibility study for future geothermal drilling date = 2020-12-31 keywords = cut; energy; rock summary = title: Specific cutting energy reduction of granite using plasma treatment: A feasibility study for future geothermal drilling Two different types of granite (igneous rock) were sampled and used in this study, out of which the one control group was treated with five, 40kV, 80J pulses of plasma while the other was left uncracked. The effect of the cracks is quantified by conducting facing tests on the plasma cracked and uncracked samples and measuring a reduction in the specific cutting energy. Colonial White granite shows a significant reduction in the apparent specific cutting energy after the plasma treatment because of the increased edge chipping effect. In this investigation, the effect of micro-scale energy delivery, in terms of plasma pulses, on the specific cutting energy of granite is studied for the development of future geothermal technology. doi = 10.1016/j.promfg.2020.05.077 id = cord-253212-ygmkul62 author = Khrennikov, Andrei title = Social Laser Model for the Bandwagon Effect: Generation of Coherent Information Waves date = 2020-05-17 keywords = energy; information; internet; quantum; social summary = The main output of this paper is presented in Section 5 describing the quantum-like mechanism of the generation of big waves of coherent information excitations. Thus, we model the information field as a quantum field with communications (generated, e.g., by mass media) as quanta carrying social energy and some additional characteristics related to communication content. The information flows generated by mass media and the Internet are so powerful that people are not able to analyze communication content deeply, they just scan its quasi-color and absorb a quantum of the social energy carried by this communication. Thus, information excitations in the echo chamber generated by posted communications not only increase the probability of emission of new information excitations by excited atoms, but they also perform the function of additional energy pumping into the gain medium (social group). doi = 10.3390/e22050559 id = cord-331829-td9m9ojx author = Kirsch, Stuart title = Running out? Rethinking resource depletion. date = 2020-07-08 keywords = coal; energy; oil summary = On the other, concerns about global climate change and the competitiveness of renewable energy are turning coal into a sunset industry and threaten to transform oil reserves into stranded assets. Whether incorporated into digital technology or infrastructure, the majority of metals remain available for recycling, which is generally less expensive, uses less energy, and has fewer environmental impacts than extracting minerals from the earth. The threat posed by climate change from continued use of fossil fuels, and the impacts of environmental degradation caused by resource extraction, demand greater attention than the misleading specter of peak oil or running out of metals. But in recent years, the Malthusian fear of running out of minerals and fossil fuels has largely been overtaken by concerns about the contribution of greenhouse gas emissions to global climate change and environmental degradation resulting from resource extraction. doi = 10.1016/j.exis.2020.06.002 id = cord-351672-7oi9w87s author = Klemeš, Jiří Jaromír title = COVID‐19 pandemic facilitating energy transition opportunities date = 2020-09-30 keywords = covid-19; energy summary = As the COVID-19 pandemic stimulated new markets in distance meeting/learning, home office, e-shopping and e-socialising, the promising development trend of 5G is highly expected after the pandemic is well controlled. Many innovative and intensified services as e-shopping, advanced and possible person-less waste management collection and treatment, and applications of novel ways for deliveries, for example, drones, can change the energy requirements. 20 It means that with many options opened the new emerging options and opportunities for energy saving and making the generation, distribution and usage more efficient becomes a crucial issue and the research in this direction should be encouraged and facilitated. The future research should follow several avenues: novel opportunities continuously arising as a response to the new demands, energy efficiency and savings as well as reducing and minimising the environmental burden created by electrical power generation, transmission and distribution. Minimising the present and future plastic waste, energy and environmental footprints related to COVID-19 doi = 10.1002/er.6007 id = cord-031330-zgzq35fe author = Kumar, Durgesh title = In-silico prediction of novel drug-target complex of nsp3 of CHIKV through molecular dynamic simulation date = 2020-08-24 keywords = CHIKV; Table; energy summary = Authors created a library of 200 compounds using the product obtained in the reaction and filtered against nsp3 of CHIKV based on docking using iGEMDOCK, a computational tool. MD trajectories were studied to collect the information about the nsp3 of CHIKV with and without screened compound and then, MM-GBSA calculations were performed to calculate change in binding free energies for the formation of complex. Designed library was used for virtually screening against nsP3 of CHIKV, to get potential lead molecules based on minimum total binding energy, drug-likeness, and bioactivity score [27] . Further, temperature dependent molecular dynamic simulations (tdMD) and MM-GBSA of screened compound-nsp3 of CHIKV complex was performed to analyze the structural stability of the complex. In this study, best five compounds from designed library were docked with active site of nsp3 of CHIKV using Pardock to elucidate their molecular interactions as in Table 9 and Figure 3 . doi = 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04720 id = cord-343926-47m17k1t author = Kuzemko, Caroline title = Covid-19 and the Politics of Sustainable Energy Transitions date = 2020-07-02 keywords = covid-19; energy; pandemic; sustainable; term summary = We identify some of the initial impacts of the ''great lockdown'' on sustainable and fossil sources of energy, and consider how economic stimulus packages and social practices in the wake of the pandemic are likely to shape energy demand, the carbon-intensity of the energy system, and the speed of transitions. Discussion focuses on four key themes that shape the politics of sustainable energy transitions: (i) the short, medium and long-term temporalities of energy system change; (ii) practices of investment around clean-tech and divestment from fossil fuels; (iii) structures and scales of energy governance; and (iv) social practices around mobility, work and public health. For example, the Paris Agreement instituted nationally determined climate goals; sustainability transitions were placed on the agendas of many local, national and global governing bodies; the cost of renewable energy continued to fall rapidly, making it an increasingly politically and economically viable option; divestment campaigns were taking off; and there was a surge in public buy-into the argument that urgent action was required to address climate change. doi = 10.1016/j.erss.2020.101685 id = cord-287248-otbiiybs author = Lacey-Barnacle, Max title = Proximities of energy justice: contesting community energy and austerity in England date = 2020-08-21 keywords = ALW; LCG; Lawrence; Weston; energy summary = Shifting relationships between local energy actors and Lawrence Weston highlight opportunities for the remediation of past claims of injustice, facilitating processes of restorative justice, whilst local energy schemes that seek to advance greater ''active participant'' (skills training & employment) opportunities for deprived communities in which they, or their projects, are embedded, may be underpinned by recognition justice concerns. While these residents of Lawrence Weston / members of ALW felt that local low-carbon energy transitions were failing to recognise a community within close proximity to new infrastructures, alongside seeing the potential benefit for greater involvement in transitions, a director of LCG felt that ALW''s claims of injustice were unjustified: In addition to this, BEC wanted to encourage ALW to use their contributions to fund training activities within the local community, as noted by a member of BEN when discussing the passive recipient approach to local community engagement and support: Furthering the creation of new economic opportunities in a time of austerity, this aspect of restorative justice connects powerfully to distributional justice and a focused, targeted approach to delivering the benefits of the low-carbon economy to deprived areas. doi = 10.1016/j.erss.2020.101713 id = cord-326749-t727v0zt author = Lee, P. title = Probabilistic risk assessment of the energy saving shortfall in energy performance contracting projects–A case study date = 2013-07-16 keywords = EPC; Hong; Kong; energy; saving summary = This paper proposes a simulation-based method to evaluate the probability of energy saving shortfall taking into account the variations in the influential parameters, including weather conditions, occupancy, operating hours, thermostat set-point, etc., during the contract period. Empirical data is also used to develop the probability distribution functions for the identified parameters to simulate the actual yearly variations in the post-retrofit conditions. This paper aims at developing a simulation-based method to evaluate the probability of energy saving shortfall taking into account the variations in the influential parameters. Monte Carlo simulation is performed to generate a common set of post-retrofit condition data based on the PDF of the selected parameters. A risk analysis tool based on Monte Carlo simulation (@Risk) [44] was utilised to generate 10,000 common data sets of 7 input parameters for two calibrated building energy models. doi = 10.1016/j.enbuild.2013.07.018 id = cord-030610-zjymmuuy author = Li, Jun title = Respiration‐driven triboelectric nanogenerators for biomedical applications date = 2020-08-09 keywords = TENG; energy; figure; power; respiration summary = The energy from respiration featured with excellent stability, accessibility and continuality inspires the design and engineering of biomechanical energy harvesting devices, such as triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), to realize human‐powered electronics. Biomedical applications including electrical energy generation, healthcare monitoring, air filtration, gas sensing, electrostimulation, and powering implantable medical devices are then analyzed focusing on the design‐application relationships. Among a number of mechanical energy harvesting principles, triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) stands out with its simple configuration, light weight, large power density, high energy conversion efficiency, and durability. 86, 87 In general, clear understanding of the respiration mechanics together with triboelectric principles lays the foundation for the design and engineering of TENG devices that could effectively convert respiration motions into continuous electricity for a variety of biomedical applications. This challenge is also beyond respiration-driven TENGs and is applicable to all other implantable energy harvesting devices for powering IMDs. Above critical challenges need short or long-term dedicated research efforts from multiple disciplines, including material science, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, and of course biomedical engineering. doi = 10.1002/eom2.12045 id = cord-034852-adhq1zt9 author = Makarieva, Anastassia M. title = Life’s Energy and Information: Contrasting Evolution of Volume- versus Surface-Specific Rates of Energy Consumption date = 2020-09-13 keywords = Earth; energy; figure; life summary = With the probability of point mutation affecting a given nucleotide pair of about ν = 10 −10 per cell division [34] and division frequency of the order of τ −1 = q/K, where q = 1 W kg −1 is the universal mass-specific metabolic rate and K = 4 × 10 6 J kg −1 is the energy content of living matter [28] , the genetic information of life would have melted completely in about τ/ν ≈ one billion years. A more up-to-date analysis of Ikeda [63] controlling for the physiological state in Protozoa indicates a decline in mass-specific metabolic rate with growing body size that is not distinguishable from what is observed in the groups of larger organisms (Figure 2 , thin red line). doi = 10.3390/e22091025 id = cord-294202-74ixazg4 author = Morris, Wyn title = Renewable energy diversification: Considerations for farm business resilience date = 2020-10-19 keywords = Wales; energy; farm; renewable summary = Furthermore the research provides valuable information to the farming industry on opportunities in renewable energy production, particularly for farmers and farm businesses who are considering diversification strategies. Farm household incomes have often included subsidies, food production, tourism or other forms of off-farm income, however, it is recognised that the natural resources of rural spaces in Wales provide opportunities for growth in sustainable energy generation. The research aims to examine farm diversification activities and farmer attitudes towards renewable energy generation in supporting agribusinesses in Wales, as such, the study uses a sequential mixed method design (Creswell and Plano Clark, 2011) of two equally-weighted independent phases to undertake an in-depth investigation into the matter. Respondents acknowledge the abundance of natural resources that exist in Wales provides opportunities for farmers to diversify into renewable energy, however, the type of renewable energy adoption varies according to the specific conditions of the farm. doi = 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2020.10.014 id = cord-026501-4ddala5r author = Pastukhova, Maria title = Governing the Global Energy Transformation date = 2020-03-26 keywords = G20; IEA; IRENA; energy; global; transition summary = The lack of both a comprehensive definition and a theoretical framework to support the concept of energy transition is not only lamentable from a scientific point of view: the resulting lack of common understanding among (inter)national actors also incapacitates the development of functioning international governance mechanisms to address this global issue. It is obvious that the various positions of countries in energy trading (influenced by their world market share/their position as a net importer/net exporter), in the globalized economy (trade surplus/deficit), with regard to their respective degrees of economic and social development (population growth/industrialization/urbanization) (Bradshaw 2010) as well as to the state of the energy system and the level of access to modern energy supplies determine the weighing of objectives and the prioritization of energy policy goals. doi = 10.1007/978-3-030-39066-2_15 id = cord-264867-ezsy76mx author = Rahman, Hamidur title = The recent advancement of low-dimensional nanostructured materials for drug delivery and drug sensing application: A brief review date = 2020-09-30 keywords = BNNT; DFT; SWCNT; adsorption; drug; energy; mol summary = Rungnim et al., to investigate the adsorption properties, along with edge effect of the GNSs, of three nucleobases with similar structures like anti-cancer drugs, mercaptopurine, thioguanine, and fluorouracil, on a graphene flake considering the weak dispersion forces caused by Van der Waals interaction [138] . In that study, they have found that the flutamide drug can be adsorbed in the SWCNT with a maximum adsorption energy of -5.38 kcal/mol in the water solvent where the dipole moment of the structure was found as 10.93 debye with a bandgap of 1.28 eV. The dispersion corrected (with M062X functional) DFT study found that 4-phpy was adsorbed on a pristine C 60 with an adsorption energy of -6.69 kcal/mol in the water phase where this value was significantly increased to -41.65 and -50.31 kcal/mol for B and Si-doped C 60 fullerenes (BC 59 and SiC 59 ) respectively. doi = 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114427 id = cord-034362-4xdtbbzb author = Remesar, Xavier title = Dietary Energy Partition: The Central Role of Glucose date = 2020-10-19 keywords = TCA; acid; amino; diet; energy; glucose summary = Under conditions of excess glucose availability, its conversion to 3C eases the pressure over the regulation of glycaemia and allows for the direct use of its energy via 3C [48, 49] , in a way comparable to the "pre-preparation" of fatty acids (2Cn) fragments to plasma-soluble ketone bodies (2C2 fragments). Most of the inter-organ substrate cycles were described as mechanisms preventing the dangers of reducing power or 2-amino N accumulation in muscle or other peripheral tissues under conditions of active use of glucose or amino acids (i.e., during exercise) for energy; they always present a time-delay component for maximal effectiveness. This may be considered either as another contribution to regulate glycaemia or as an alternative to produce 3C fragments (essentially lactate and glycerol) in massive amounts to supply ready-to-use energy to most organs (including the brain) to circumvent the regulatory difficulties of glucose utilization under situations of excess substrate and/or insulin resistance [36, 43, 47, 96] . doi = 10.3390/ijms21207729 id = cord-304887-7ly692to author = Skoczkowski, Tadeusz title = Technology Innovation System analysis of decarbonisation options in the EU steel industry date = 2020-08-28 keywords = European; I&S; Innovation; TIS; energy; industry; r&d summary = Global political agreement on the urgency of GHG emission reduction Broad consensus of all actors on the need to decarbonise the I&S industry Actors, institutions are well established in multiannual historical processes Low interest of public opinion in technology innovation in the I&S industry as such, but the high expectation to reduce environmental harm Visibility of effects of environment protection measures build-ups of local support, e.g. reduction of air pollution EU and national environmental targets, e.g. GHG emission reduction, set indirectly the targets on I&S industry decarbonisation Development of positive externalities Acknowledged societal importance, national and local, e.g. retaining jobs Flow of knowledge among different TISs, e.g. RES-energy, chemical industry, cement industry, automobile, construction, resulting in mutual benefits Strong complementarians among technologies, e.g. steel-hydrogen-RES, electrolysis-RES; in by-products utilisation, e.g. cement industry Large potential contribution to the circular economy Participation in global trend to the decarbonisation of EII Realising the potential for GHG emission reduction and energy and material efficiency 6. doi = 10.1016/j.energy.2020.118688 id = cord-337058-rhu5hp9t author = Snyder, Brian F. title = The genetic and cultural evolution of unsustainability date = 2020-04-06 keywords = energy; human; increase summary = Here, we integrate this theory with Lotka''s Maximum Power Principle and propose a model linking energy extraction from the environment with genetic, technological and cultural evolution to increase human ecosystem carrying capacity. Lotka argued that natural selection acted so that organisms sought to maximize the rate at which it extracted energy from the environment; H.T. Odum later named this hypothesis the maximum power principle (Sciubba 2011) . Phrased in the language of the present paper, Malthus argued that the rate of increase of energy extraction from the environment was principally resource (rather than technology) limited and that this resulted in socio-ecological crisis when the rate of population growth exceeded the rate of energy extraction growth. We propose that human societies are prone to unsustainability, because they have evolved to maximize their rate of energy extraction from the environment through a multi-level selective process acting on both genetic and cultural heritable variation. doi = 10.1007/s11625-020-00803-z id = cord-027376-c2n9w7un author = Sokolov, Andrii title = Simulation Methodology for Electron Transfer in CMOS Quantum Dots date = 2020-05-25 keywords = energy; potential; quantum summary = We compare numerical and semi-analytical techniques concluding this paper by examining two case studies: the electron transfer through multiple quantum dots and the construction of a Hadamard gate simulated using a numerical method to solve the time-dependent Schrödinger equation and the tight-binding formalism for a time-dependent Hamiltonian. We compare numerical and semi-analytical techniques concluding this paper by examining two case studies: electron transfer through multiple quantum dots and construction of a Hadamard gate simulated using the time-dependent Schrödinger equation and the tight-binding formalism. In order to have a useful simulator of the studied quantum structure, one needs to define a possible "localised" state of an electron injected in the structure, simulate its evolution with time at a given potential energy along the structure and calculate the probability of the electron to be measured at the edges of the structure by a detector device. doi = 10.1007/978-3-030-50433-5_50 id = cord-324185-zt88o3co author = Sovacool, Benjamin K. title = Contextualizing the Covid-19 pandemic for a carbon-constrained world: Insights for sustainability transitions, energy justice, and research methodology date = 2020-10-31 keywords = States; United; covid-19; energy; pandemic; social summary = Jefferson (this volume) [18] writes "In the run-up to the collapse of crude oil prices in early 2020 it was primarily a division between Russia and Saudi Arabia within OPEC which appeared to be the main force at work, but then the COVID-19 pandemic took over, followed by US oil prices turning negative in April 2020, as May contracts expired and traders had to offload stocks with ongoing storage becoming extremely limited." He further states that despite the stimulus and recovery packages being offered by many nations, "there will be many oil sectors incurring losses, from US shale oil and Canadian tar sands producers, to many standard crude oil exporters incurring problems with production equipment access and costs, or experiencing lack of competitiveness in key markets." Recent data from the International Energy Agency confirms this point, noting severe reductions in global demand for oil and natural gas (see Fig. 2 ). doi = 10.1016/j.erss.2020.101701 id = cord-104122-klvx927g author = Tayfuroglu, Omer title = An Accurate Free Energy Method for Solvation of Organic Compounds and Binding to Proteins date = 2020-05-28 keywords = Free; Molecular; energy summary = The method is adopted from ANI-1ccx neural network potentials (Machine Learning) for the Atomic Simulation Environment (ASE) and predicts the single point energies at the accuracy of CCSD(T)/CBS level for the entire configurational space that is sampled by Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations. [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] More sophisticated methods to calculate the potential binding free energy of inhibitor candidate to the protein ranges from post molecular dynamics simulations such as Molecular 57 Recently several models using active learning such as ANI-1, 58 ANI-1x 59 and ANI-1cxx 60 Here, we introduce a new strategy to estimate free energies of solvation of small organic compounds and binding to proteins in explicit solvent using single end-state MD simulations. The method is adopted from ANI-1ccx neural network potentials (Machine Learning) for the The insertion of the ligand to an environment of solvent (solvation free energy) or receptor (binding free energy) can be defined by a coupling parameter, λ. doi = 10.1101/2020.05.26.116459 id = cord-252529-t8tannlh author = Vaka, Mahesh title = A review on Malaysia’s solar energy pathway towards carbon-neutral Malaysia beyond Covid’19 pandemic date = 2020-07-13 keywords = Energy; Government; Malaysia; renewable summary = Hence, this paper aims to review the current status of renewable energy in Malaysia as well as the initiatives taken before the pandemic to promote solar photovoltaic (PV) technology to meet the energy demands through the low-carbon pathway. Therefore, this review aims to address the following objectives; 1) determine the status quo of solar PV technology and related application in Malaysia; 2) establish the key factors affecting renewable energy development in Malaysia; 3) understand the updated energy framework of Malaysia: Energy Policies, Assessment, criticize, track the RE progress; 4) compare RE growth in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries; 5) Impact of COVID''19 on the Malaysian Energy Market and Energy Security; 6) Government''s response to COVID''19 pandemic to sustain the solar industry. Challenges, issues and conflicts are highlighted to ensure the long-term sustainability, reliability and energy security for the development of RE in Malaysia by considering different policies, assessing and monitoring solar PV. doi = 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122834 id = cord-334329-puwf6ab5 author = Yongjun, Gao title = Electrocatalysts for direct methanol fuel cells to demonstrate China''s renewable energy renewable portfolio standards within the framework of the 13th five-year plan date = 2020-10-17 keywords = CO2; China; catalyst; energy; methanol summary = Policy realignment under the five-year plan is discussed in length to demonstrate how policy, markets, and engineering designs contribute towards the development of model direct methanol fuel cells operational enhancement, and factors that affect critical performance parameters for commercial exploitation are summarized for catalytic formulations and cell design within the context of why this investment in technology, education, and finances is required within the global context of sustainable energy and energy independence as exposed by thirteenth the five-year plan. Whilst direct CO2 hydrogenation to methanol is a new technology, advances in a catalyst, reactor design, and operational at lower temperatures are pushing these technologies to be competitive with electricity generation from fossil fuels, J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f with the catalyst being based around Cu, such as Cu/ZnO, Nb2O5 of Ga2O3, with carbon nanotubes as support. doi = 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.10.004 id = cord-255036-vpw40g40 author = Zhang, L.Z. title = Thermodynamic modeling of a novel air dehumidification system date = 2004-08-14 keywords = air; energy; system summary = The proposed system incorporates a membrane-based total heat exchanger into a mechanical air dehumidification system, where the fresh air flows through the enthalpy exchanger, the evaporator and the condenser subsequently. In this manner, the total heat or enthalpy from the exhaust is recovered, and both the temperature and the humidity of the fresh air are decreased, which results in energy saving. Even though more detailed models are proposed by some authors, see [7, 8] , they are compli-List of symbols A tot total exchange area (m 2 ) C 0 constants in sorption curves COP coefficient of performance c p specific heat (kJ kg À1 K À1 ) D wm water diffusivity in membrane (kg m À1 s À1 ) h specific enthalpy (kJ/kg) k s convective mass transfer coefficient in supply side (kg m À2 s À1 ) m_ mass flow rate (kg/s) Dp total pressure rise (Pa) q heat (kW) cated and case-sensitive. doi = 10.1016/j.enbuild.2004.06.019 id = cord-325471-fc152wm3 author = Zhang, Xiaqi title = Calculations of energy deposition and ionization in the 2019 novel coronavirus by electron beam irradiation date = 2020-09-04 keywords = electron; energy summary = Using Monte Carlo methods, this study investigates energy deposition of energetic electrons and ionization in the 2019 novel coronavirus by electron irradiation, which are important characteristic quantities related with biological damage formation. The densities and distributions of energy deposition and ionization were calculated from the stopping power and inelastic cross-sections in the electron-cascade simulation. Therefore, the interaction of low-energy electrons with the main proteins and RNA macromolecules of the novel coronavirus was the key issue of our calculation. The stopping power was suitable for describing the energy-deposition probability in the target, and the ionization events were determined as the inelastic cross-sections of collisions with the shell electrons of J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f an atom. In this work, we calculated the distributions of energy deposition and ionization in the novel coronavirus irradiated with electrons having primary energies below 10 keV. doi = 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.109169