id sid tid token lemma pos cord-302127-1abupl36 1 1 key key JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 1 2 : : : cord-302127-1abupl36 1 3 cord-302127 cord-302127 NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 1 4 - - HYPH cord-302127-1abupl36 1 5 1abupl36 1abupl36 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 1 6 authors author NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 1 7 : : : cord-302127-1abupl36 1 8 Vokó Vokó NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 1 9 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 1 10 Zoltán Zoltán NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 1 11 ; ; : cord-302127-1abupl36 1 12 Pitter Pitter NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 1 13 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 1 14 János János NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 1 15 György György NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 2 1 title title NN cord-302127-1abupl36 2 2 : : : cord-302127-1abupl36 3 1 The the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 3 2 effect effect NN cord-302127-1abupl36 3 3 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 3 4 social social JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 3 5 distance distance NN cord-302127-1abupl36 3 6 measures measure NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 3 7 on on IN cord-302127-1abupl36 3 8 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 3 9 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 3 10 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 3 11 Europe Europe NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 3 12 : : : cord-302127-1abupl36 3 13 an an DT cord-302127-1abupl36 3 14 interrupted interrupted JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 3 15 time time NN cord-302127-1abupl36 3 16 series series NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 3 17 analysis analysis NN cord-302127-1abupl36 3 18 date date NN cord-302127-1abupl36 3 19 : : : cord-302127-1abupl36 3 20 2020 2020 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 3 21 - - HYPH cord-302127-1abupl36 3 22 06 06 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 3 23 - - HYPH cord-302127-1abupl36 3 24 11 11 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 3 25 journal journal NN cord-302127-1abupl36 3 26 : : : cord-302127-1abupl36 3 27 GeroScience GeroScience NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 3 28 DOI DOI NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 3 29 : : : cord-302127-1abupl36 3 30 10.1007 10.1007 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 3 31 / / SYM cord-302127-1abupl36 3 32 s11357 s11357 NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 3 33 - - HYPH cord-302127-1abupl36 3 34 020 020 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 3 35 - - HYPH cord-302127-1abupl36 3 36 00205 00205 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 3 37 - - SYM cord-302127-1abupl36 3 38 0 0 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 4 1 sha sha NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 4 2 : : : cord-302127-1abupl36 5 1 18d111a209f68e657e5010c96b571ead49908083 18d111a209f68e657e5010c96b571ead49908083 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 5 2 doc_id doc_id CD cord-302127-1abupl36 5 3 : : : cord-302127-1abupl36 5 4 302127 302127 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 5 5 cord_uid cord_uid NN cord-302127-1abupl36 5 6 : : : cord-302127-1abupl36 6 1 1abupl36 1abupl36 LS cord-302127-1abupl36 7 1 Following follow VBG cord-302127-1abupl36 7 2 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 7 3 introduction introduction NN cord-302127-1abupl36 7 4 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 7 5 unprecedented unprecedented JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 7 6 “ " `` cord-302127-1abupl36 7 7 stay stay NN cord-302127-1abupl36 7 8 - - HYPH cord-302127-1abupl36 7 9 at at IN cord-302127-1abupl36 7 10 - - HYPH cord-302127-1abupl36 7 11 home home NN cord-302127-1abupl36 7 12 ” " '' cord-302127-1abupl36 7 13 national national JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 7 14 policies policy NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 7 15 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 7 16 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 7 17 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 7 18 pandemic pandemic NN cord-302127-1abupl36 7 19 recently recently RB cord-302127-1abupl36 7 20 started start VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 7 21 declining decline VBG cord-302127-1abupl36 7 22 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 7 23 Europe Europe NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 7 24 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 8 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-302127-1abupl36 8 2 research research NN cord-302127-1abupl36 8 3 aims aim VBZ cord-302127-1abupl36 8 4 were be VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 8 5 to to TO cord-302127-1abupl36 8 6 characterize characterize VB cord-302127-1abupl36 8 7 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 8 8 changepoint changepoint NN cord-302127-1abupl36 8 9 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 8 10 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 8 11 flow flow NN cord-302127-1abupl36 8 12 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 8 13 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 8 14 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 8 15 epidemic epidemic NN cord-302127-1abupl36 8 16 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 8 17 each each DT cord-302127-1abupl36 8 18 European european JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 8 19 country country NN cord-302127-1abupl36 8 20 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 8 21 to to TO cord-302127-1abupl36 8 22 evaluate evaluate VB cord-302127-1abupl36 8 23 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 8 24 association association NN cord-302127-1abupl36 8 25 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 8 26 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 8 27 level level NN cord-302127-1abupl36 8 28 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 8 29 social social JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 8 30 distancing distancing NN cord-302127-1abupl36 8 31 with with IN cord-302127-1abupl36 8 32 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 8 33 observed observed JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 8 34 decline decline NN cord-302127-1abupl36 8 35 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 8 36 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 8 37 national national JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 8 38 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 8 39 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 9 1 Interrupted interrupted JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 9 2 time time NN cord-302127-1abupl36 9 3 series series NN cord-302127-1abupl36 9 4 analyses analysis NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 9 5 were be VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 9 6 conducted conduct VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 9 7 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 9 8 28 28 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 9 9 European european JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 9 10 countries country NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 9 11 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 10 1 Social social JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 10 2 distance distance NN cord-302127-1abupl36 10 3 index index NN cord-302127-1abupl36 10 4 was be VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 10 5 calculated calculate VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 10 6 based base VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 10 7 on on IN cord-302127-1abupl36 10 8 Google Google NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 10 9 Community Community NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 10 10 Mobility Mobility NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 10 11 Reports Reports NNPS cord-302127-1abupl36 10 12 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 11 1 Changepoints Changepoints NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 11 2 were be VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 11 3 estimated estimate VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 11 4 by by IN cord-302127-1abupl36 11 5 threshold threshold NN cord-302127-1abupl36 11 6 regression regression NN cord-302127-1abupl36 11 7 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 11 8 national national JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 11 9 findings finding NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 11 10 were be VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 11 11 analyzed analyze VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 11 12 by by IN cord-302127-1abupl36 11 13 Poisson Poisson NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 11 14 regression regression NN cord-302127-1abupl36 11 15 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 11 16 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 11 17 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 11 18 effect effect NN cord-302127-1abupl36 11 19 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 11 20 social social JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 11 21 distancing distancing NN cord-302127-1abupl36 11 22 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 11 23 mixed mixed JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 11 24 effects effect NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 11 25 Poisson Poisson NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 11 26 regression regression NN cord-302127-1abupl36 11 27 model model NN cord-302127-1abupl36 11 28 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 12 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-302127-1abupl36 12 2 findings finding NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 12 3 identified identify VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 12 4 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 12 5 most most RBS cord-302127-1abupl36 12 6 probable probable JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 12 7 changepoints changepoint NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 12 8 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 12 9 28 28 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 12 10 European european JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 12 11 countries country NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 12 12 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 13 1 Before before IN cord-302127-1abupl36 13 2 changepoint changepoint NN cord-302127-1abupl36 13 3 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 13 4 incidence incidence NN cord-302127-1abupl36 13 5 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 13 6 new new JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 13 7 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 13 8 cases case NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 13 9 grew grow VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 13 10 by by IN cord-302127-1abupl36 13 11 24 24 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 13 12 % % NN cord-302127-1abupl36 13 13 per per IN cord-302127-1abupl36 13 14 day day NN cord-302127-1abupl36 13 15 on on IN cord-302127-1abupl36 13 16 average average JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 13 17 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 14 1 From from IN cord-302127-1abupl36 14 2 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 14 3 changepoint changepoint NN cord-302127-1abupl36 14 4 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 14 5 this this DT cord-302127-1abupl36 14 6 growth growth NN cord-302127-1abupl36 14 7 rate rate NN cord-302127-1abupl36 14 8 was be VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 14 9 reduced reduce VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 14 10 to to IN cord-302127-1abupl36 14 11 0.9 0.9 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 14 12 % % NN cord-302127-1abupl36 14 13 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 14 14 0.3 0.3 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 14 15 % % NN cord-302127-1abupl36 14 16 increase increase NN cord-302127-1abupl36 14 17 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 14 18 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 14 19 to to IN cord-302127-1abupl36 14 20 0.7 0.7 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 14 21 % % NN cord-302127-1abupl36 14 22 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 14 23 1.7 1.7 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 14 24 % % NN cord-302127-1abupl36 14 25 decrease decrease NN cord-302127-1abupl36 14 26 by by IN cord-302127-1abupl36 14 27 increasing increase VBG cord-302127-1abupl36 14 28 social social JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 14 29 distancing distance VBG cord-302127-1abupl36 14 30 quartiles quartile NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 14 31 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 15 1 The the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 15 2 beneficial beneficial JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 15 3 effect effect NN cord-302127-1abupl36 15 4 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 15 5 higher high JJR cord-302127-1abupl36 15 6 social social JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 15 7 distance distance NN cord-302127-1abupl36 15 8 quartiles quartile NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 15 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 15 10 i.e. i.e. FW cord-302127-1abupl36 15 11 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 15 12 turning turn VBG cord-302127-1abupl36 15 13 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 15 14 increase increase NN cord-302127-1abupl36 15 15 into into IN cord-302127-1abupl36 15 16 decline decline NN cord-302127-1abupl36 15 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 15 18 was be VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 15 19 statistically statistically RB cord-302127-1abupl36 15 20 significant significant JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 15 21 for for IN cord-302127-1abupl36 15 22 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 15 23 fourth fourth JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 15 24 quartile quartile NN cord-302127-1abupl36 15 25 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 16 1 Notably notably RB cord-302127-1abupl36 16 2 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 16 3 many many JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 16 4 countries country NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 16 5 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 16 6 lower low JJR cord-302127-1abupl36 16 7 quartiles quartile NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 16 8 also also RB cord-302127-1abupl36 16 9 achieved achieve VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 16 10 a a DT cord-302127-1abupl36 16 11 flat flat JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 16 12 epidemic epidemic NN cord-302127-1abupl36 16 13 curve curve NN cord-302127-1abupl36 16 14 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 17 1 In in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 17 2 these these DT cord-302127-1abupl36 17 3 countries country NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 17 4 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 17 5 other other JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 17 6 plausible plausible JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 17 7 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 17 8 containment containment NN cord-302127-1abupl36 17 9 measures measure NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 17 10 could could MD cord-302127-1abupl36 17 11 contribute contribute VB cord-302127-1abupl36 17 12 to to IN cord-302127-1abupl36 17 13 controlling control VBG cord-302127-1abupl36 17 14 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 17 15 first first JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 17 16 wave wave NN cord-302127-1abupl36 17 17 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 17 18 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 17 19 disease disease NN cord-302127-1abupl36 17 20 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 18 1 The the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 18 2 association association NN cord-302127-1abupl36 18 3 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 18 4 social social NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 18 5 distance distance NN cord-302127-1abupl36 18 6 quartiles quartile NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 18 7 with with IN cord-302127-1abupl36 18 8 viral viral JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 18 9 spread spread NN cord-302127-1abupl36 18 10 could could MD cord-302127-1abupl36 18 11 also also RB cord-302127-1abupl36 18 12 be be VB cord-302127-1abupl36 18 13 hindered hinder VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 18 14 by by IN cord-302127-1abupl36 18 15 local local JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 18 16 bottlenecks bottleneck NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 18 17 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 18 18 infection infection NN cord-302127-1abupl36 18 19 control control NN cord-302127-1abupl36 18 20 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 19 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-302127-1abupl36 19 2 results result NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 19 3 allow allow VBP cord-302127-1abupl36 19 4 for for IN cord-302127-1abupl36 19 5 moderate moderate JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 19 6 optimism optimism NN cord-302127-1abupl36 19 7 related relate VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 19 8 to to IN cord-302127-1abupl36 19 9 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 19 10 gradual gradual JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 19 11 lifting lifting NN cord-302127-1abupl36 19 12 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 19 13 social social JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 19 14 distance distance NN cord-302127-1abupl36 19 15 measures measure NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 19 16 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 19 17 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 19 18 general general JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 19 19 population population NN cord-302127-1abupl36 19 20 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 19 21 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 19 22 call call VB cord-302127-1abupl36 19 23 for for IN cord-302127-1abupl36 19 24 specific specific JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 19 25 attention attention NN cord-302127-1abupl36 19 26 to to IN cord-302127-1abupl36 19 27 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 19 28 protection protection NN cord-302127-1abupl36 19 29 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 19 30 focal focal JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 19 31 micro micro NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 19 32 - - HYPH cord-302127-1abupl36 19 33 societies society NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 19 34 enriching enrich VBG cord-302127-1abupl36 19 35 high high JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 19 36 - - HYPH cord-302127-1abupl36 19 37 risk risk NN cord-302127-1abupl36 19 38 elderly elderly JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 19 39 subjects subject NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 19 40 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 19 41 including include VBG cord-302127-1abupl36 19 42 nursing nursing NN cord-302127-1abupl36 19 43 homes home NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 19 44 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 19 45 chronic chronic JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 19 46 care care NN cord-302127-1abupl36 19 47 facilities facility NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 19 48 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 20 1 After after IN cord-302127-1abupl36 20 2 a a DT cord-302127-1abupl36 20 3 million million CD cord-302127-1abupl36 20 4 confirmed confirm VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 20 5 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 20 6 100,000 100,000 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 20 7 fatal fatal JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 20 8 European european JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 20 9 cases case NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 20 10 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 20 11 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 20 12 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 20 13 pandemic pandemic NN cord-302127-1abupl36 20 14 started start VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 20 15 declining decline VBG cord-302127-1abupl36 20 16 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 20 17 Europe Europe NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 20 18 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 20 19 April April NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 20 20 2020 2020 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 20 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 20 22 European European NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 20 23 Centre Centre NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 20 24 for for IN cord-302127-1abupl36 20 25 Disease Disease NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 20 26 Prevention Prevention NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 20 27 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 20 28 Control Control NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 20 29 2020 2020 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 20 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 20 31 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 21 1 This this DT cord-302127-1abupl36 21 2 much much JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 21 3 awaited await VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 21 4 decline decline NN cord-302127-1abupl36 21 5 was be VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 21 6 headed head VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 21 7 by by IN cord-302127-1abupl36 21 8 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 21 9 introduction introduction NN cord-302127-1abupl36 21 10 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 21 11 unprecedented unprecedented JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 21 12 " " `` cord-302127-1abupl36 21 13 stay stay NN cord-302127-1abupl36 21 14 - - HYPH cord-302127-1abupl36 21 15 at at IN cord-302127-1abupl36 21 16 - - HYPH cord-302127-1abupl36 21 17 home home NN cord-302127-1abupl36 21 18 " " `` cord-302127-1abupl36 21 19 national national JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 21 20 policies policy NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 21 21 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 21 22 most most JJS cord-302127-1abupl36 21 23 countries country NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 21 24 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 21 25 including include VBG cord-302127-1abupl36 21 26 border border NN cord-302127-1abupl36 21 27 closure closure NN cord-302127-1abupl36 21 28 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 21 29 public public JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 21 30 gathering gathering NN cord-302127-1abupl36 21 31 bans ban NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 21 32 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 21 33 school school NN cord-302127-1abupl36 21 34 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 21 35 workplace workplace NN cord-302127-1abupl36 21 36 closure closure NN cord-302127-1abupl36 21 37 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 21 38 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 21 39 temporary temporary JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 21 40 restrictions restriction NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 21 41 on on IN cord-302127-1abupl36 21 42 free free JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 21 43 internal internal JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 21 44 movements movement NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 21 45 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 21 46 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 21 47 citizens citizen NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 21 48 ( ( -LRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 21 49 European European NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 21 50 Centre Centre NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 21 51 for for IN cord-302127-1abupl36 21 52 Disease Disease NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 21 53 Prevention Prevention NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 21 54 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 21 55 Control Control NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 21 56 2020 2020 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 21 57 ) ) -RRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 21 58 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 22 1 These these DT cord-302127-1abupl36 22 2 economically economically RB cord-302127-1abupl36 22 3 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 22 4 socially socially RB cord-302127-1abupl36 22 5 disruptive disruptive JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 22 6 control control NN cord-302127-1abupl36 22 7 measures measure NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 22 8 are be VBP cord-302127-1abupl36 22 9 not not RB cord-302127-1abupl36 22 10 sustainable sustainable JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 22 11 on on IN cord-302127-1abupl36 22 12 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 22 13 longer long JJR cord-302127-1abupl36 22 14 term term NN cord-302127-1abupl36 22 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 22 16 Petersen Petersen NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 22 17 et et NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 22 18 al al NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 22 19 . . NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 22 20 2020 2020 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 22 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 22 22 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 22 23 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 22 24 gradual gradual JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 22 25 restart restart NN cord-302127-1abupl36 22 26 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 22 27 economy economy NN cord-302127-1abupl36 22 28 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 22 29 social social JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 22 30 life life NN cord-302127-1abupl36 22 31 is be VBZ cord-302127-1abupl36 22 32 now now RB cord-302127-1abupl36 22 33 on on IN cord-302127-1abupl36 22 34 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 22 35 political political JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 22 36 agenda agenda NN cord-302127-1abupl36 22 37 throughout throughout IN cord-302127-1abupl36 22 38 Europe Europe NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 22 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 22 40 European European NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 22 41 Centre Centre NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 22 42 for for IN cord-302127-1abupl36 22 43 Disease Disease NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 22 44 Prevention Prevention NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 22 45 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 22 46 Control Control NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 22 47 2020 2020 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 22 48 ; ; : cord-302127-1abupl36 22 49 European European NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 22 50 Commission Commission NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 22 51 2020 2020 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 22 52 ) ) -RRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 22 53 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 23 1 A a DT cord-302127-1abupl36 23 2 European european JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 23 3 roadmap roadmap NN cord-302127-1abupl36 23 4 to to IN cord-302127-1abupl36 23 5 lifting lift VBG cord-302127-1abupl36 23 6 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 23 7 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-302127-1abupl36 23 8 containment containment NN cord-302127-1abupl36 23 9 measures measure NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 23 10 has have VBZ cord-302127-1abupl36 23 11 been be VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 23 12 framed frame VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 23 13 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 23 14 proposing propose VBG cord-302127-1abupl36 23 15 a a DT cord-302127-1abupl36 23 16 gradual gradual JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 23 17 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 23 18 slow slow JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 23 19 approach approach NN cord-302127-1abupl36 23 20 backed back VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 23 21 with with IN cord-302127-1abupl36 23 22 adequate adequate JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 23 23 monitoring monitoring NN cord-302127-1abupl36 23 24 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 23 25 healthcare healthcare NN cord-302127-1abupl36 23 26 capacity capacity NN cord-302127-1abupl36 23 27 to to TO cord-302127-1abupl36 23 28 ensure ensure VB cord-302127-1abupl36 23 29 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 23 30 control control NN cord-302127-1abupl36 23 31 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 23 32 potential potential JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 23 33 flareups flareup NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 23 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 23 35 European European NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 23 36 Commission Commission NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 23 37 2020 2020 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 23 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 23 39 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 24 1 Planning plan VBG cord-302127-1abupl36 24 2 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 24 3 consecutive consecutive JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 24 4 steps step NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 24 5 is be VBZ cord-302127-1abupl36 24 6 supported support VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 24 7 by by IN cord-302127-1abupl36 24 8 general general JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 24 9 provisions provision NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 24 10 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 24 11 considerations consideration NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 24 12 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 24 13 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 24 14 roadmap roadmap NN cord-302127-1abupl36 24 15 ; ; : cord-302127-1abupl36 24 16 however however RB cord-302127-1abupl36 24 17 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 24 18 ultimately ultimately RB cord-302127-1abupl36 24 19 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 24 20 it -PRON- PRP cord-302127-1abupl36 24 21 remains remain VBZ cord-302127-1abupl36 24 22 a a DT cord-302127-1abupl36 24 23 trial trial NN cord-302127-1abupl36 24 24 - - HYPH cord-302127-1abupl36 24 25 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 24 26 - - HYPH cord-302127-1abupl36 24 27 error error NN cord-302127-1abupl36 24 28 - - HYPH cord-302127-1abupl36 24 29 based base VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 24 30 process process NN cord-302127-1abupl36 24 31 due due IN cord-302127-1abupl36 24 32 to to IN cord-302127-1abupl36 24 33 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 24 34 high high JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 24 35 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-302127-1abupl36 24 36 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 24 37 possible possible JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 24 38 consequences consequence NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 24 39 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 24 40 any any DT cord-302127-1abupl36 24 41 change change NN cord-302127-1abupl36 24 42 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 24 43 containment containment NN cord-302127-1abupl36 24 44 measures measure NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 24 45 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 25 1 Importantly importantly RB cord-302127-1abupl36 25 2 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 25 3 all all DT cord-302127-1abupl36 25 4 national national JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 25 5 epidemic epidemic NN cord-302127-1abupl36 25 6 containment containment NN cord-302127-1abupl36 25 7 measures measure NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 25 8 were be VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 25 9 introduced introduce VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 25 10 within within IN cord-302127-1abupl36 25 11 a a DT cord-302127-1abupl36 25 12 narrow narrow JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 25 13 time time NN cord-302127-1abupl36 25 14 period period NN cord-302127-1abupl36 25 15 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 25 16 most most JJS cord-302127-1abupl36 25 17 countries country NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 25 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 25 19 European European NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 25 20 Centre Centre NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 25 21 for for IN cord-302127-1abupl36 25 22 Disease Disease NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 25 23 Prevention Prevention NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 25 24 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 25 25 Control Control NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 25 26 2020 2020 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 25 27 ; ; : cord-302127-1abupl36 25 28 Hale Hale NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 25 29 et et NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 25 30 al al NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 25 31 . . NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 25 32 2020a 2020a CD cord-302127-1abupl36 25 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 25 34 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 26 1 Hence hence RB cord-302127-1abupl36 26 2 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 26 3 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 26 4 contribution contribution NN cord-302127-1abupl36 26 5 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 26 6 unique unique JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 26 7 interventions intervention NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 26 8 to to IN cord-302127-1abupl36 26 9 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 26 10 overall overall JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 26 11 impact impact NN cord-302127-1abupl36 26 12 on on IN cord-302127-1abupl36 26 13 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 26 14 spread spread NN cord-302127-1abupl36 26 15 is be VBZ cord-302127-1abupl36 26 16 hard hard JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 26 17 to to TO cord-302127-1abupl36 26 18 estimate estimate VB cord-302127-1abupl36 26 19 retrospectively retrospectively RB cord-302127-1abupl36 26 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 26 21 Imai Imai NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 26 22 et et NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 26 23 al al NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 26 24 . . NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 26 25 2020 2020 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 26 26 ; ; : cord-302127-1abupl36 26 27 Imperial Imperial NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 26 28 College College NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 26 29 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 26 30 Response Response NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 26 31 Team Team NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 26 32 Report Report NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 26 33 13 13 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 26 34 2020 2020 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 26 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 26 36 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 27 1 As as IN cord-302127-1abupl36 27 2 an an DT cord-302127-1abupl36 27 3 overall overall JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 27 4 measure measure NN cord-302127-1abupl36 27 5 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 27 6 policy policy NN cord-302127-1abupl36 27 7 response response NN cord-302127-1abupl36 27 8 intensity intensity NN cord-302127-1abupl36 27 9 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 27 10 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 27 11 Blavatnik Blavatnik NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 27 12 School School NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 27 13 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 27 14 Government Government NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 27 15 proposed propose VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 27 16 a a DT cord-302127-1abupl36 27 17 composite composite JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 27 18 Stringency Stringency NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 27 19 Index Index NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 27 20 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 27 21 integrating integrate VBG cord-302127-1abupl36 27 22 rigor rigor NN cord-302127-1abupl36 27 23 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 27 24 scope scope NN cord-302127-1abupl36 27 25 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 27 26 multiple multiple JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 27 27 containment containment NN cord-302127-1abupl36 27 28 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 27 29 closure closure NN cord-302127-1abupl36 27 30 policies policy NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 27 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 27 32 school school NN cord-302127-1abupl36 27 33 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 27 34 workplace workplace NN cord-302127-1abupl36 27 35 closure closure NN cord-302127-1abupl36 27 36 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 27 37 restrictions restriction NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 27 38 on on IN cord-302127-1abupl36 27 39 gathering gathering NN cord-302127-1abupl36 27 40 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 27 41 international international JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 27 42 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 27 43 internal internal JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 27 44 movements movement NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 27 45 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 27 46 public public JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 27 47 transport transport NN cord-302127-1abupl36 27 48 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 27 49 cancelation cancelation NN cord-302127-1abupl36 27 50 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 27 51 public public JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 27 52 events event NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 27 53 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 27 54 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 27 55 information information NN cord-302127-1abupl36 27 56 campaigns campaign NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 27 57 ) ) -RRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 27 58 into into IN cord-302127-1abupl36 27 59 a a DT cord-302127-1abupl36 27 60 single single JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 27 61 numeric numeric JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 27 62 parameter parameter NN cord-302127-1abupl36 27 63 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 27 64 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 27 65 0 0 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 27 66 - - SYM cord-302127-1abupl36 27 67 100 100 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 27 68 range range NN cord-302127-1abupl36 27 69 ( ( -LRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 27 70 Hale Hale NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 27 71 et et NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 27 72 al al NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 27 73 . . NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 27 74 2020a 2020a CD cord-302127-1abupl36 27 75 ) ) -RRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 27 76 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 28 1 The the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 28 2 same same JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 28 3 team team NN cord-302127-1abupl36 28 4 organizes organize VBZ cord-302127-1abupl36 28 5 global global JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 28 6 data data NN cord-302127-1abupl36 28 7 collection collection NN cord-302127-1abupl36 28 8 on on IN cord-302127-1abupl36 28 9 all all DT cord-302127-1abupl36 28 10 included include VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 28 11 indicators indicator NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 28 12 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 28 13 as as RB cord-302127-1abupl36 28 14 well well RB cord-302127-1abupl36 28 15 as as IN cord-302127-1abupl36 28 16 on on IN cord-302127-1abupl36 28 17 economic economic JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 28 18 responses response NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 28 19 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 28 20 adaptations adaptation NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 28 21 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 28 22 public public JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 28 23 health health NN cord-302127-1abupl36 28 24 systems system NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 28 25 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 28 26 providing provide VBG cord-302127-1abupl36 28 27 a a DT cord-302127-1abupl36 28 28 freely freely RB cord-302127-1abupl36 28 29 available available JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 28 30 but but CC cord-302127-1abupl36 28 31 very very RB cord-302127-1abupl36 28 32 precious precious JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 28 33 tool tool NN cord-302127-1abupl36 28 34 to to TO cord-302127-1abupl36 28 35 overview overview VB cord-302127-1abupl36 28 36 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 28 37 visualize visualize VB cord-302127-1abupl36 28 38 global global JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 28 39 policy policy NN cord-302127-1abupl36 28 40 efforts effort NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 28 41 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 29 1 However however RB cord-302127-1abupl36 29 2 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 29 3 this this DT cord-302127-1abupl36 29 4 Stringency Stringency NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 29 5 Index Index NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 29 6 has have VBZ cord-302127-1abupl36 29 7 important important JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 29 8 limitations limitation NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 29 9 when when WRB cord-302127-1abupl36 29 10 tested test VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 29 11 as as IN cord-302127-1abupl36 29 12 an an DT cord-302127-1abupl36 29 13 explanatory explanatory JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 29 14 factor factor NN cord-302127-1abupl36 29 15 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 29 16 SARS SARS NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 29 17 - - HYPH cord-302127-1abupl36 29 18 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 29 19 infection infection NN cord-302127-1abupl36 29 20 spread spread VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 29 21 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 30 1 First first RB cord-302127-1abupl36 30 2 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 30 3 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 30 4 adopted adopt VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 30 5 categories category NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 30 6 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 30 7 policy policy NN cord-302127-1abupl36 30 8 rigor rigor NN cord-302127-1abupl36 30 9 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 30 10 scope scope NN cord-302127-1abupl36 30 11 may may MD cord-302127-1abupl36 30 12 aggregate aggregate VB cord-302127-1abupl36 30 13 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 30 14 policies policy NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 30 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 30 16 as as IN cord-302127-1abupl36 30 17 illustrated illustrate VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 30 18 by by IN cord-302127-1abupl36 30 19 an an DT cord-302127-1abupl36 30 20 amendment amendment NN cord-302127-1abupl36 30 21 on on IN cord-302127-1abupl36 30 22 28 28 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 30 23 April April NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 30 24 2020-see 2020-see CD cord-302127-1abupl36 31 1 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 31 2 details detail NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 31 3 at at IN cord-302127-1abupl36 31 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 31 5 Hale Hale NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 31 6 et et NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 31 7 al al NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 31 8 . . NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 31 9 2020b 2020b CD cord-302127-1abupl36 31 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 31 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 31 12 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 32 1 More more RBR cord-302127-1abupl36 32 2 importantly importantly RB cord-302127-1abupl36 32 3 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 32 4 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 32 5 Stringency Stringency NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 32 6 Index Index NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 32 7 is be VBZ cord-302127-1abupl36 32 8 based base VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 32 9 on on IN cord-302127-1abupl36 32 10 sterile sterile JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 32 11 policy policy NN cord-302127-1abupl36 32 12 decisions decision NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 32 13 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 32 14 while while IN cord-302127-1abupl36 32 15 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 32 16 compliance compliance NN cord-302127-1abupl36 32 17 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 32 18 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 32 19 population population NN cord-302127-1abupl36 32 20 with with IN cord-302127-1abupl36 32 21 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 32 22 corresponding corresponding JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 32 23 restrictions restriction NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 32 24 may may MD cord-302127-1abupl36 32 25 vary vary VB cord-302127-1abupl36 32 26 across across IN cord-302127-1abupl36 32 27 countries country NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 32 28 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 32 29 over over IN cord-302127-1abupl36 32 30 time time NN cord-302127-1abupl36 32 31 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 33 1 The the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 33 2 Google Google NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 33 3 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 33 4 Community Community NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 33 5 Mobility Mobility NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 33 6 Reports Reports NNPS cord-302127-1abupl36 33 7 provide provide VBP cord-302127-1abupl36 33 8 an an DT cord-302127-1abupl36 33 9 alternative alternative JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 33 10 option option NN cord-302127-1abupl36 33 11 to to TO cord-302127-1abupl36 33 12 derive derive VB cord-302127-1abupl36 33 13 a a DT cord-302127-1abupl36 33 14 composite composite JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 33 15 stringency stringency NN cord-302127-1abupl36 33 16 measure measure NN cord-302127-1abupl36 33 17 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 33 18 multiple multiple JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 33 19 containment containment NN cord-302127-1abupl36 33 20 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 33 21 closure closure NN cord-302127-1abupl36 33 22 policies policy NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 33 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 33 24 Google Google NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 33 25 2020 2020 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 33 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 33 27 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 34 1 These these DT cord-302127-1abupl36 34 2 community community NN cord-302127-1abupl36 34 3 mobility mobility NN cord-302127-1abupl36 34 4 reports report NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 34 5 provide provide VBP cord-302127-1abupl36 34 6 daily daily JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 34 7 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 34 8 country country NN cord-302127-1abupl36 34 9 - - HYPH cord-302127-1abupl36 34 10 level level NN cord-302127-1abupl36 34 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 34 12 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 34 13 subregional subregional JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 34 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 34 15 aggregated aggregate VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 34 16 anonymized anonymized JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 34 17 data datum NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 34 18 on on IN cord-302127-1abupl36 34 19 time time NN cord-302127-1abupl36 34 20 spent spend VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 34 21 at at IN cord-302127-1abupl36 34 22 different different JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 34 23 categories category NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 34 24 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 34 25 places place NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 34 26 such such JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 34 27 as as IN cord-302127-1abupl36 34 28 retail retail NN cord-302127-1abupl36 34 29 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 34 30 recreation recreation NN cord-302127-1abupl36 34 31 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 34 32 groceries grocery NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 34 33 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 34 34 pharmacies pharmacy NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 34 35 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 34 36 parks park NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 34 37 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 34 38 transit transit NN cord-302127-1abupl36 34 39 stations station NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 34 40 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 34 41 workplaces workplace NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 34 42 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 34 43 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 34 44 residential residential JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 34 45 areas area NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 34 46 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 34 47 compared compare VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 34 48 with with IN cord-302127-1abupl36 34 49 a a DT cord-302127-1abupl36 34 50 baseline baseline JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 34 51 period period NN cord-302127-1abupl36 34 52 before before IN cord-302127-1abupl36 34 53 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 34 54 epidemic epidemic NN cord-302127-1abupl36 34 55 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 35 1 Telemonitored telemonitored JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 35 2 mobility mobility NN cord-302127-1abupl36 35 3 trends trend NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 35 4 are be VBP cord-302127-1abupl36 35 5 dynamic dynamic JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 35 6 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 35 7 time time NN cord-302127-1abupl36 35 8 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 35 9 reflect reflect VB cord-302127-1abupl36 35 10 real real JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 35 11 - - HYPH cord-302127-1abupl36 35 12 world world NN cord-302127-1abupl36 35 13 changes change NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 35 14 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 35 15 social social JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 35 16 behavior behavior NN cord-302127-1abupl36 35 17 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 35 18 making make VBG cord-302127-1abupl36 35 19 them -PRON- PRP cord-302127-1abupl36 35 20 promising promise VBG cord-302127-1abupl36 35 21 explanatory explanatory JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 35 22 factors factor NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 35 23 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 35 24 SARS SARS NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 35 25 - - HYPH cord-302127-1abupl36 35 26 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 35 27 infection infection NN cord-302127-1abupl36 35 28 spread spread VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 35 29 control control NN cord-302127-1abupl36 35 30 analyses analysis NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 35 31 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 36 1 Recently recently RB cord-302127-1abupl36 36 2 published publish VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 36 3 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 36 4 microsimulation microsimulation NN cord-302127-1abupl36 36 5 models model NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 36 6 based base VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 36 7 on on IN cord-302127-1abupl36 36 8 social social JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 36 9 network network NN cord-302127-1abupl36 36 10 data datum NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 36 11 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 36 12 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 36 13 UK UK NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 36 14 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 36 15 USA USA NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 36 16 revealed reveal VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 36 17 that that IN cord-302127-1abupl36 36 18 epidemic epidemic NN cord-302127-1abupl36 36 19 suppression suppression NN cord-302127-1abupl36 36 20 would would MD cord-302127-1abupl36 36 21 require require VB cord-302127-1abupl36 36 22 a a DT cord-302127-1abupl36 36 23 complex complex JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 36 24 intervention intervention NN cord-302127-1abupl36 36 25 package package NN cord-302127-1abupl36 36 26 including include VBG cord-302127-1abupl36 36 27 social social JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 36 28 distancing distancing NN cord-302127-1abupl36 36 29 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 36 30 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 36 31 entire entire JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 36 32 population population NN cord-302127-1abupl36 36 33 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 36 34 home home NN cord-302127-1abupl36 36 35 isolation isolation NN cord-302127-1abupl36 36 36 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 36 37 cases case NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 36 38 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 36 39 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 36 40 household household NN cord-302127-1abupl36 36 41 quarantine quarantine NN cord-302127-1abupl36 36 42 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 36 43 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-302127-1abupl36 36 44 family family NN cord-302127-1abupl36 36 45 members member NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 36 46 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 36 47 supplemented supplement VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 36 48 with with IN cord-302127-1abupl36 36 49 school school NN cord-302127-1abupl36 36 50 closure closure NN cord-302127-1abupl36 36 51 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 36 52 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 36 53 intermittent intermittent JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 36 54 periods period NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 36 55 adjusted adjust VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 36 56 to to IN cord-302127-1abupl36 36 57 epidemic epidemic JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 36 58 intensity intensity NN cord-302127-1abupl36 36 59 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 36 60 unoccupied unoccupied JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 36 61 critical critical JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 36 62 care care NN cord-302127-1abupl36 36 63 capacity capacity NN cord-302127-1abupl36 36 64 ( ( -LRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 36 65 Imperial Imperial NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 36 66 College College NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 36 67 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 36 68 Response Response NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 36 69 Team Team NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 36 70 Report Report NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 36 71 9 9 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 36 72 2020 2020 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 36 73 ; ; : cord-302127-1abupl36 36 74 Kucharski Kucharski NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 36 75 et et NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 36 76 al al NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 36 77 . . NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 36 78 2020 2020 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 36 79 ) ) -RRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 36 80 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 37 1 However however RB cord-302127-1abupl36 37 2 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 37 3 adaptation adaptation NN cord-302127-1abupl36 37 4 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 37 5 these these DT cord-302127-1abupl36 37 6 microsimulation microsimulation NN cord-302127-1abupl36 37 7 models model NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 37 8 to to IN cord-302127-1abupl36 37 9 other other JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 37 10 countries country NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 37 11 would would MD cord-302127-1abupl36 37 12 require require VB cord-302127-1abupl36 37 13 rich rich JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 37 14 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 37 15 solid solid JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 37 16 input input NN cord-302127-1abupl36 37 17 data datum NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 37 18 on on IN cord-302127-1abupl36 37 19 local local JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 37 20 social social JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 37 21 networks network NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 37 22 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 38 1 A a DT cord-302127-1abupl36 38 2 semi semi JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 38 3 - - JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 38 4 mechanistic mechanistic JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 38 5 Bayesian bayesian JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 38 6 hierarchical hierarchical JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 38 7 model model NN cord-302127-1abupl36 38 8 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 38 9 social social JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 38 10 distancing distance VBG cord-302127-1abupl36 38 11 interventions intervention NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 38 12 across across IN cord-302127-1abupl36 38 13 11 11 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 38 14 European european JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 38 15 countries country NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 38 16 was be VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 38 17 also also RB cord-302127-1abupl36 38 18 reported report VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 38 19 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 38 20 calculating calculate VBG cord-302127-1abupl36 38 21 daily daily JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 38 22 infections infection NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 38 23 from from IN cord-302127-1abupl36 38 24 observed observed JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 38 25 death death NN cord-302127-1abupl36 38 26 rates rate NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 38 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 38 28 Imperial Imperial NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 38 29 College College NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 38 30 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 38 31 Response Response NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 38 32 Team Team NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 38 33 Report Report NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 38 34 13 13 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 38 35 2020 2020 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 38 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 38 37 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 39 1 The the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 39 2 authors author NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 39 3 inferred infer VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 39 4 that that IN cord-302127-1abupl36 39 5 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 39 6 combined combined JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 39 7 application application NN cord-302127-1abupl36 39 8 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 39 9 five five CD cord-302127-1abupl36 39 10 intervention intervention NN cord-302127-1abupl36 39 11 types type NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 39 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 39 13 lockdown lockdown NN cord-302127-1abupl36 39 14 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 39 15 public public JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 39 16 events event NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 39 17 ban ban NN cord-302127-1abupl36 39 18 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 39 19 school school NN cord-302127-1abupl36 39 20 closure closure NN cord-302127-1abupl36 39 21 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 39 22 self self NN cord-302127-1abupl36 39 23 - - HYPH cord-302127-1abupl36 39 24 isolation isolation NN cord-302127-1abupl36 39 25 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 39 26 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 39 27 social social JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 39 28 distancing distancing NN cord-302127-1abupl36 39 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 39 30 could could MD cord-302127-1abupl36 39 31 prevent prevent VB cord-302127-1abupl36 39 32 about about RB cord-302127-1abupl36 39 33 59,000 59,000 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 39 34 COVID-19 covid-19 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 39 35 deaths death NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 39 36 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 39 37 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 39 38 investigated investigate VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 39 39 11 11 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 39 40 countries country NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 39 41 until until IN cord-302127-1abupl36 39 42 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 39 43 end end NN cord-302127-1abupl36 39 44 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 39 45 March March NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 39 46 2020 2020 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 39 47 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 40 1 Nonetheless nonetheless RB cord-302127-1abupl36 40 2 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 40 3 individual individual JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 40 4 contributions contribution NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 40 5 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 40 6 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 40 7 five five CD cord-302127-1abupl36 40 8 intervention intervention NN cord-302127-1abupl36 40 9 types type NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 40 10 to to IN cord-302127-1abupl36 40 11 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 40 12 overall overall JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 40 13 effect effect NN cord-302127-1abupl36 40 14 showed show VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 40 15 high high JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 40 16 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-302127-1abupl36 40 17 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 40 18 probably probably RB cord-302127-1abupl36 40 19 because because IN cord-302127-1abupl36 40 20 many many JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 40 21 interventions intervention NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 40 22 occurred occur VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 40 23 on on IN cord-302127-1abupl36 40 24 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 40 25 same same JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 40 26 day day NN cord-302127-1abupl36 40 27 or or CC cord-302127-1abupl36 40 28 within within IN cord-302127-1abupl36 40 29 days day NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 40 30 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 40 31 each each DT cord-302127-1abupl36 40 32 other other JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 40 33 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 41 1 Important important JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 41 2 limitations limitation NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 41 3 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 41 4 this this DT cord-302127-1abupl36 41 5 study study NN cord-302127-1abupl36 41 6 were be VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 41 7 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 41 8 assumptions assumption NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 41 9 on on IN cord-302127-1abupl36 41 10 identical identical JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 41 11 effect effect NN cord-302127-1abupl36 41 12 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 41 13 interventions intervention NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 41 14 across across IN cord-302127-1abupl36 41 15 countries country NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 41 16 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 41 17 over over IN cord-302127-1abupl36 41 18 time time NN cord-302127-1abupl36 41 19 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 41 20 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 41 21 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 41 22 possible possible JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 41 23 over over NN cord-302127-1abupl36 41 24 - - HYPH cord-302127-1abupl36 41 25 representation representation NN cord-302127-1abupl36 41 26 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 41 27 countries country NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 41 28 with with IN cord-302127-1abupl36 41 29 more more RBR cord-302127-1abupl36 41 30 advanced advanced JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 41 31 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 41 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 41 33 Imperial Imperial NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 41 34 College College NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 41 35 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 41 36 Response Response NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 41 37 Team Team NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 41 38 Report Report NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 41 39 13 13 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 41 40 2020 2020 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 41 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 41 42 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 42 1 Additional additional JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 42 2 reassurance reassurance NN cord-302127-1abupl36 42 3 whether whether IN cord-302127-1abupl36 42 4 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 42 5 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 42 6 transmission transmission NN cord-302127-1abupl36 42 7 was be VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 42 8 truly truly RB cord-302127-1abupl36 42 9 slowing slow VBG cord-302127-1abupl36 42 10 has have VBZ cord-302127-1abupl36 42 11 been be VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 42 12 warranted warrant VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 42 13 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 43 1 To to TO cord-302127-1abupl36 43 2 estimate estimate VB cord-302127-1abupl36 43 3 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 43 4 effect effect NN cord-302127-1abupl36 43 5 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 43 6 social social JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 43 7 distancing distancing NN cord-302127-1abupl36 43 8 on on IN cord-302127-1abupl36 43 9 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 43 10 time time NN cord-302127-1abupl36 43 11 trend trend NN cord-302127-1abupl36 43 12 data datum NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 43 13 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 43 14 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 43 15 epidemic epidemic NN cord-302127-1abupl36 43 16 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 43 17 interrupted interrupted JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 43 18 time time NN cord-302127-1abupl36 43 19 series series NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 43 20 analysis analysis NN cord-302127-1abupl36 43 21 is be VBZ cord-302127-1abupl36 43 22 an an DT cord-302127-1abupl36 43 23 alternative alternative JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 43 24 approach approach NN cord-302127-1abupl36 43 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 43 26 Aminikhanghahi Aminikhanghahi NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 43 27 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 43 28 Diane Diane NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 43 29 2017 2017 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 43 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 43 31 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 44 1 This this DT cord-302127-1abupl36 44 2 analysis analysis NN cord-302127-1abupl36 44 3 can can MD cord-302127-1abupl36 44 4 be be VB cord-302127-1abupl36 44 5 extended extend VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 44 6 to to IN cord-302127-1abupl36 44 7 a a DT cord-302127-1abupl36 44 8 broader broad JJR cord-302127-1abupl36 44 9 range range NN cord-302127-1abupl36 44 10 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 44 11 European european JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 44 12 countries country NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 44 13 without without IN cord-302127-1abupl36 44 14 need need NN cord-302127-1abupl36 44 15 for for IN cord-302127-1abupl36 44 16 sophisticated sophisticated JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 44 17 local local JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 44 18 input input NN cord-302127-1abupl36 44 19 data datum NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 44 20 collection collection NN cord-302127-1abupl36 44 21 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 44 22 assumptions assumption NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 44 23 on on IN cord-302127-1abupl36 44 24 between between IN cord-302127-1abupl36 44 25 - - HYPH cord-302127-1abupl36 44 26 country country NN cord-302127-1abupl36 44 27 similarities similarity NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 44 28 ; ; : cord-302127-1abupl36 44 29 hence hence RB cord-302127-1abupl36 44 30 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 44 31 it -PRON- PRP cord-302127-1abupl36 44 32 can can MD cord-302127-1abupl36 44 33 broaden broaden VB cord-302127-1abupl36 44 34 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-302127-1abupl36 44 35 current current JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 44 36 understanding understanding NN cord-302127-1abupl36 44 37 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 44 38 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 44 39 epidemic epidemic NN cord-302127-1abupl36 44 40 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 44 41 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-302127-1abupl36 44 42 association association NN cord-302127-1abupl36 44 43 with with IN cord-302127-1abupl36 44 44 changes change NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 44 45 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 44 46 population population NN cord-302127-1abupl36 44 47 social social JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 44 48 distance distance NN cord-302127-1abupl36 44 49 patterns pattern NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 44 50 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 45 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-302127-1abupl36 45 2 research research NN cord-302127-1abupl36 45 3 aims aim VBZ cord-302127-1abupl36 45 4 were be VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 45 5 to to TO cord-302127-1abupl36 45 6 identify identify VB cord-302127-1abupl36 45 7 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 45 8 date date NN cord-302127-1abupl36 45 9 when when WRB cord-302127-1abupl36 45 10 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 45 11 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 45 12 pandemic pandemic NN cord-302127-1abupl36 45 13 started start VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 45 14 declining decline VBG cord-302127-1abupl36 45 15 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 45 16 each each DT cord-302127-1abupl36 45 17 European european JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 45 18 country country NN cord-302127-1abupl36 45 19 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 45 20 to to TO cord-302127-1abupl36 45 21 evaluate evaluate VB cord-302127-1abupl36 45 22 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 45 23 association association NN cord-302127-1abupl36 45 24 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 45 25 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 45 26 level level NN cord-302127-1abupl36 45 27 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 45 28 community community NN cord-302127-1abupl36 45 29 mobility mobility NN cord-302127-1abupl36 45 30 restrictions restriction NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 45 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 45 32 social social JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 45 33 distancing distancing NN cord-302127-1abupl36 45 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 45 35 with with IN cord-302127-1abupl36 45 36 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 45 37 observed observed JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 45 38 extent extent NN cord-302127-1abupl36 45 39 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 45 40 decline decline NN cord-302127-1abupl36 45 41 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 45 42 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 45 43 national national JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 45 44 epidemics epidemic NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 45 45 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 46 1 Establishing establish VBG cord-302127-1abupl36 46 2 an an DT cord-302127-1abupl36 46 3 association association NN cord-302127-1abupl36 46 4 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 46 5 telemonitored telemonitored NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 46 6 population population NN cord-302127-1abupl36 46 7 mobility mobility NN cord-302127-1abupl36 46 8 patterns pattern NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 46 9 with with IN cord-302127-1abupl36 46 10 a a DT cord-302127-1abupl36 46 11 decline decline NN cord-302127-1abupl36 46 12 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 47 1 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 47 2 spread spread NN cord-302127-1abupl36 47 3 may may MD cord-302127-1abupl36 47 4 support support VB cord-302127-1abupl36 47 5 policymakers policymaker NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 47 6 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 47 7 assessing assess VBG cord-302127-1abupl36 47 8 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 47 9 benefits benefit NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 47 10 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 47 11 previously previously RB cord-302127-1abupl36 47 12 implemented implement VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 47 13 stay stay NN cord-302127-1abupl36 47 14 - - HYPH cord-302127-1abupl36 47 15 at at IN cord-302127-1abupl36 47 16 - - HYPH cord-302127-1abupl36 47 17 home home NN cord-302127-1abupl36 47 18 policies policy NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 47 19 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 47 20 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 47 21 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 47 22 planning plan VBG cord-302127-1abupl36 47 23 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 47 24 gradual gradual JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 47 25 lifting lifting NN cord-302127-1abupl36 47 26 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 47 27 current current JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 47 28 restrictions restriction NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 47 29 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 48 1 Daily daily JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 48 2 incidence incidence NN cord-302127-1abupl36 48 3 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 48 4 new new JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 48 5 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 48 6 cases case NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 48 7 by by IN cord-302127-1abupl36 48 8 countries country NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 48 9 was be VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 48 10 obtained obtain VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 48 11 from from IN cord-302127-1abupl36 48 12 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 48 13 open open JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 48 14 - - HYPH cord-302127-1abupl36 48 15 access access NN cord-302127-1abupl36 48 16 database database NN cord-302127-1abupl36 48 17 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 48 18 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 48 19 European European NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 48 20 Centre Centre NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 48 21 for for IN cord-302127-1abupl36 48 22 Disease Disease NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 48 23 Prevention Prevention NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 48 24 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 48 25 Control Control NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 48 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 48 27 European European NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 48 28 Centre Centre NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 48 29 for for IN cord-302127-1abupl36 48 30 Disease Disease NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 48 31 Prevention Prevention NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 48 32 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 48 33 Control Control NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 48 34 Data Data NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 48 35 2020 2020 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 48 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 48 37 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 49 1 Data datum NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 49 2 from from IN cord-302127-1abupl36 49 3 European European NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 49 4 Union Union NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 49 5 member member NN cord-302127-1abupl36 49 6 states state NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 49 7 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 49 8 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 49 9 European European NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 49 10 Free Free NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 49 11 Trade Trade NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 49 12 Association Association NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 49 13 countries country NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 49 14 were be VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 49 15 included include VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 49 16 to to TO cord-302127-1abupl36 49 17 focus focus VB cord-302127-1abupl36 49 18 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-302127-1abupl36 49 19 analyses analysis NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 49 20 on on IN cord-302127-1abupl36 49 21 countries country NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 49 22 with with IN cord-302127-1abupl36 49 23 similar similar JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 49 24 sociocultural sociocultural JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 49 25 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 49 26 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 49 27 reliable reliable JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 49 28 estimates estimate NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 49 29 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 49 30 changes change NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 49 31 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 49 32 daily daily JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 49 33 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 49 34 incidence incidence NN cord-302127-1abupl36 49 35 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 50 1 Data datum NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 50 2 from from IN cord-302127-1abupl36 50 3 Cyprus Cyprus NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 50 4 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 50 5 Iceland Iceland NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 50 6 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 50 7 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 50 8 Liechtenstein Liechtenstein NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 50 9 were be VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 50 10 dropped drop VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 50 11 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 50 12 due due IN cord-302127-1abupl36 50 13 to to IN cord-302127-1abupl36 50 14 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 50 15 lack lack NN cord-302127-1abupl36 50 16 or or CC cord-302127-1abupl36 50 17 scarcity scarcity NN cord-302127-1abupl36 50 18 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 50 19 related relate VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 50 20 Google Google NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 50 21 community community NN cord-302127-1abupl36 50 22 mobility mobility NN cord-302127-1abupl36 50 23 reports report NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 50 24 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 51 1 Data datum NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 51 2 from from IN cord-302127-1abupl36 51 3 Latvia Latvia NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 51 4 have have VBP cord-302127-1abupl36 51 5 also also RB cord-302127-1abupl36 51 6 been be VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 51 7 dropped drop VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 51 8 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 51 9 because because IN cord-302127-1abupl36 51 10 it -PRON- PRP cord-302127-1abupl36 51 11 covered cover VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 51 12 only only RB cord-302127-1abupl36 51 13 3 3 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 51 14 days day NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 51 15 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 51 16 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 51 17 observation observation NN cord-302127-1abupl36 51 18 period period NN cord-302127-1abupl36 51 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 51 20 see see VB cord-302127-1abupl36 51 21 below below RB cord-302127-1abupl36 51 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 51 23 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 52 1 Accordingly accordingly RB cord-302127-1abupl36 52 2 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 52 3 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 52 4 analyses analysis NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 52 5 included include VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 52 6 data datum NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 52 7 from from IN cord-302127-1abupl36 52 8 28 28 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 52 9 countries country NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 52 10 : : : cord-302127-1abupl36 52 11 Austria Austria NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 52 12 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 52 13 Belgium Belgium NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 52 14 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 52 15 Bulgaria Bulgaria NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 52 16 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 52 17 Croatia Croatia NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 52 18 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 52 19 Czech Czech NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 52 20 Republic Republic NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 52 21 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 52 22 Denmark Denmark NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 52 23 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 52 24 Estonia Estonia NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 52 25 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 52 26 Finland Finland NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 52 27 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 52 28 France France NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 52 29 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 52 30 Germany Germany NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 52 31 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 52 32 Greece Greece NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 52 33 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 52 34 Hungary Hungary NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 52 35 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 52 36 Ireland Ireland NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 52 37 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 52 38 Italy Italy NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 52 39 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 52 40 Lithuania Lithuania NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 52 41 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 52 42 Luxembourg Luxembourg NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 52 43 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 52 44 Malta Malta NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 52 45 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 52 46 Netherlands Netherlands NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 52 47 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 52 48 Norway Norway NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 52 49 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 52 50 Poland Poland NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 52 51 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 52 52 Portugal Portugal NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 52 53 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 52 54 Romania Romania NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 52 55 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 52 56 Slovakia Slovakia NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 52 57 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 52 58 Slovenia Slovenia NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 52 59 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 52 60 Spain Spain NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 52 61 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 52 62 Sweden Sweden NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 52 63 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 52 64 Switzerland Switzerland NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 52 65 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 52 66 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 52 67 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 52 68 UK UK NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 52 69 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 53 1 Within within IN cord-302127-1abupl36 53 2 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 53 3 study study NN cord-302127-1abupl36 53 4 period period NN cord-302127-1abupl36 53 5 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 53 6 1 1 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 53 7 February February NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 53 8 to to IN cord-302127-1abupl36 53 9 18 18 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 53 10 April April NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 53 11 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 53 12 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 53 13 first first JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 53 14 day day NN cord-302127-1abupl36 53 15 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 53 16 observation observation NN cord-302127-1abupl36 53 17 was be VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 53 18 defined define VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 53 19 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 53 20 each each DT cord-302127-1abupl36 53 21 country country NN cord-302127-1abupl36 53 22 as as IN cord-302127-1abupl36 53 23 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 53 24 last last JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 53 25 day day NN cord-302127-1abupl36 53 26 when when WRB cord-302127-1abupl36 53 27 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 53 28 number number NN cord-302127-1abupl36 53 29 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 53 30 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 53 31 new new JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 53 32 cases case NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 53 33 was be VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 53 34 at at RB cord-302127-1abupl36 53 35 least least JJS cord-302127-1abupl36 53 36 5 5 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 53 37 following follow VBG cord-302127-1abupl36 53 38 2 2 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 53 39 days day NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 53 40 with with IN cord-302127-1abupl36 53 41 less less JJR cord-302127-1abupl36 53 42 than than IN cord-302127-1abupl36 53 43 5 5 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 53 44 new new JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 53 45 cases case NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 53 46 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 54 1 Due due IN cord-302127-1abupl36 54 2 to to IN cord-302127-1abupl36 54 3 missing miss VBG cord-302127-1abupl36 54 4 data datum NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 54 5 for for IN cord-302127-1abupl36 54 6 some some DT cord-302127-1abupl36 54 7 calendar calendar NN cord-302127-1abupl36 54 8 days day NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 54 9 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 54 10 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 54 11 start start NN cord-302127-1abupl36 54 12 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 54 13 observation observation NN cord-302127-1abupl36 54 14 period period NN cord-302127-1abupl36 54 15 was be VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 54 16 postponed postpone VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 54 17 to to IN cord-302127-1abupl36 54 18 12 12 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 54 19 March March NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 54 20 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 54 21 Finland Finland NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 54 22 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 54 23 to to IN cord-302127-1abupl36 54 24 16 16 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 54 25 March March NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 54 26 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 54 27 Luxembourg Luxembourg NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 54 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 54 29 Table Table NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 54 30 2 2 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 54 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 54 32 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 55 1 The the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 55 2 most most RBS cord-302127-1abupl36 55 3 likely likely JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 55 4 changepoint changepoint NN cord-302127-1abupl36 55 5 date date NN cord-302127-1abupl36 55 6 was be VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 55 7 determined determine VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 55 8 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 55 9 each each DT cord-302127-1abupl36 55 10 country country NN cord-302127-1abupl36 55 11 by by IN cord-302127-1abupl36 55 12 linear linear JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 55 13 threshold threshold NN cord-302127-1abupl36 55 14 regression regression NN cord-302127-1abupl36 55 15 models model NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 55 16 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 55 17 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 55 18 logarithm logarithm NN cord-302127-1abupl36 55 19 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 55 20 daily daily JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 55 21 cases case NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 55 22 over over IN cord-302127-1abupl36 55 23 time time NN cord-302127-1abupl36 55 24 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 55 25 replacing replace VBG cord-302127-1abupl36 55 26 zero zero CD cord-302127-1abupl36 55 27 daily daily JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 55 28 cases case NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 55 29 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 55 30 these these DT cord-302127-1abupl36 55 31 analyses analysis NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 55 32 by by IN cord-302127-1abupl36 55 33 one one CD cord-302127-1abupl36 55 34 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 55 35 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 55 36 looking look VBG cord-302127-1abupl36 55 37 for for IN cord-302127-1abupl36 55 38 threshold threshold NN cord-302127-1abupl36 55 39 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 55 40 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 55 41 20 20 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 55 42 - - SYM cord-302127-1abupl36 55 43 80 80 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 55 44 percentile percentile JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 55 45 range range NN cord-302127-1abupl36 55 46 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 55 47 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 55 48 country country NN cord-302127-1abupl36 55 49 time time NN cord-302127-1abupl36 55 50 series series NN cord-302127-1abupl36 55 51 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 55 52 using use VBG cord-302127-1abupl36 55 53 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 55 54 threshold threshold NN cord-302127-1abupl36 55 55 application application NN cord-302127-1abupl36 55 56 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 55 57 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 55 58 statistical statistical JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 55 59 package package NN cord-302127-1abupl36 55 60 STATA STATA NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 55 61 16.0 16.0 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 55 62 ( ( -LRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 55 63 StataCorp StataCorp NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 55 64 2019 2019 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 55 65 ) ) -RRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 55 66 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 56 1 The the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 56 2 threshold threshold NN cord-302127-1abupl36 56 3 regression regression NN cord-302127-1abupl36 56 4 using use VBG cord-302127-1abupl36 56 5 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 56 6 logarithm logarithm NN cord-302127-1abupl36 56 7 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 56 8 cases case NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 56 9 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 56 10 linear linear JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 56 11 regression regression NN cord-302127-1abupl36 56 12 with with IN cord-302127-1abupl36 56 13 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 56 14 usual usual JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 56 15 Gaussian Gaussian NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 56 16 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 56 17 homoscedastic homoscedastic JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 56 18 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 56 19 independent independent JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 56 20 errors error NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 56 21 is be VBZ cord-302127-1abupl36 56 22 a a DT cord-302127-1abupl36 56 23 correct correct JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 56 24 method method NN cord-302127-1abupl36 56 25 to to TO cord-302127-1abupl36 56 26 identify identify VB cord-302127-1abupl36 56 27 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 56 28 threshold threshold NN cord-302127-1abupl36 56 29 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 56 30 but but CC cord-302127-1abupl36 56 31 when when WRB cord-302127-1abupl36 56 32 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 56 33 extent extent NN cord-302127-1abupl36 56 34 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 56 35 change change NN cord-302127-1abupl36 56 36 is be VBZ cord-302127-1abupl36 56 37 estimated estimate VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 56 38 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 56 39 count count NN cord-302127-1abupl36 56 40 nature nature NN cord-302127-1abupl36 56 41 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 56 42 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 56 43 data data NN cord-302127-1abupl36 56 44 needs need VBZ cord-302127-1abupl36 56 45 to to TO cord-302127-1abupl36 56 46 be be VB cord-302127-1abupl36 56 47 taken take VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 56 48 into into IN cord-302127-1abupl36 56 49 account account NN cord-302127-1abupl36 56 50 as as IN cord-302127-1abupl36 56 51 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 56 52 non non JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 56 53 - - JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 56 54 Gaussian gaussian JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 56 55 errors error NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 56 56 might may MD cord-302127-1abupl36 56 57 give give VB cord-302127-1abupl36 56 58 incorrect incorrect JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 56 59 standard standard JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 56 60 errors error NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 56 61 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 56 62 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 56 63 regression regression NN cord-302127-1abupl36 56 64 coefficients coefficient NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 56 65 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 57 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-302127-1abupl36 57 2 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 57 3 extent extent NN cord-302127-1abupl36 57 4 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 57 5 change change NN cord-302127-1abupl36 57 6 at at IN cord-302127-1abupl36 57 7 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 57 8 most most RBS cord-302127-1abupl36 57 9 probable probable JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 57 10 changepoint changepoint NN cord-302127-1abupl36 57 11 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 57 12 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 57 13 reported report VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 57 14 daily daily JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 57 15 incidence incidence NN cord-302127-1abupl36 57 16 was be VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 57 17 estimated estimate VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 57 18 by by IN cord-302127-1abupl36 57 19 country country NN cord-302127-1abupl36 57 20 via via IN cord-302127-1abupl36 57 21 Poisson Poisson NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 57 22 regression regression NN cord-302127-1abupl36 57 23 models model NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 57 24 using use VBG cord-302127-1abupl36 57 25 Poisson Poisson NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 57 26 application application NN cord-302127-1abupl36 57 27 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 57 28 STATA STATA NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 57 29 16.0 16.0 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 57 30 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 58 1 Independent independent JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 58 2 variables variable NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 58 3 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 58 4 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 58 5 models model NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 58 6 were be VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 58 7 time time NN cord-302127-1abupl36 58 8 from from IN cord-302127-1abupl36 58 9 start start NN cord-302127-1abupl36 58 10 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 58 11 observation observation NN cord-302127-1abupl36 58 12 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 58 13 time time NN cord-302127-1abupl36 58 14 from from IN cord-302127-1abupl36 58 15 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 58 16 estimated estimate VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 58 17 changepoint changepoint NN cord-302127-1abupl36 58 18 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 59 1 As as IN cord-302127-1abupl36 59 2 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 59 3 observations observation NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 59 4 by by IN cord-302127-1abupl36 59 5 country country NN cord-302127-1abupl36 59 6 were be VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 59 7 not not RB cord-302127-1abupl36 59 8 independent independent JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 59 9 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 59 10 Huber Huber NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 59 11 / / SYM cord-302127-1abupl36 59 12 White White NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 59 13 / / SYM cord-302127-1abupl36 59 14 sandwich sandwich NN cord-302127-1abupl36 59 15 variance variance NN cord-302127-1abupl36 59 16 estimator estimator NN cord-302127-1abupl36 59 17 was be VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 59 18 used use VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 59 19 to to TO cord-302127-1abupl36 59 20 estimate estimate VB cord-302127-1abupl36 59 21 confidence confidence NN cord-302127-1abupl36 59 22 intervals interval NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 59 23 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 60 1 Results result NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 60 2 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 60 3 changepoint changepoint NN cord-302127-1abupl36 60 4 identification identification NN cord-302127-1abupl36 60 5 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 60 6 Poisson Poisson NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 60 7 regression regression NN cord-302127-1abupl36 60 8 are be VBP cord-302127-1abupl36 60 9 summarized summarize VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 60 10 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 60 11 Table Table NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 60 12 1 1 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 60 13 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 60 14 Fig Fig NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 60 15 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 61 1 1 1 LS cord-302127-1abupl36 61 2 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 62 1 The the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 62 2 Google Google NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 62 3 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 62 4 Community Community NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 62 5 Mobility Mobility NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 62 6 Reports Reports NNPS cord-302127-1abupl36 62 7 provide provide VBP cord-302127-1abupl36 62 8 daily daily JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 62 9 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 62 10 country country NN cord-302127-1abupl36 62 11 - - HYPH cord-302127-1abupl36 62 12 level level NN cord-302127-1abupl36 62 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 62 14 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 62 15 sub sub JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 62 16 - - JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 62 17 regional regional JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 62 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 62 19 aggregated aggregate VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 62 20 anonymized anonymized JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 62 21 data datum NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 62 22 on on IN cord-302127-1abupl36 62 23 time time NN cord-302127-1abupl36 62 24 spent spend VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 62 25 at at IN cord-302127-1abupl36 62 26 six six CD cord-302127-1abupl36 62 27 different different JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 62 28 categories category NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 62 29 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 62 30 places place NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 62 31 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 62 32 compared compare VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 62 33 with with IN cord-302127-1abupl36 62 34 a a DT cord-302127-1abupl36 62 35 baseline baseline JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 62 36 period period NN cord-302127-1abupl36 62 37 before before IN cord-302127-1abupl36 62 38 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 62 39 epidemic epidemic NN cord-302127-1abupl36 62 40 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 62 41 controlled control VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 62 42 for for IN cord-302127-1abupl36 62 43 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 62 44 weekday weekday NN cord-302127-1abupl36 62 45 effect effect NN cord-302127-1abupl36 62 46 ( ( -LRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 62 47 Google Google NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 62 48 2020 2020 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 62 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 62 50 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 63 1 In in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 63 2 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 63 3 investigated investigate VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 63 4 countries country NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 63 5 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 63 6 largest large JJS cord-302127-1abupl36 63 7 reported report VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 63 8 decline decline NN cord-302127-1abupl36 63 9 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 63 10 staying stay VBG cord-302127-1abupl36 63 11 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 63 12 retail retail NN cord-302127-1abupl36 63 13 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 63 14 recreation recreation NN cord-302127-1abupl36 63 15 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 63 16 grocery grocery NN cord-302127-1abupl36 63 17 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 63 18 pharmacy pharmacy NN cord-302127-1abupl36 63 19 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 63 20 parks park NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 63 21 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 63 22 transit transit NN cord-302127-1abupl36 63 23 stations station NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 63 24 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 63 25 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 63 26 workplace workplace NN cord-302127-1abupl36 63 27 areas area NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 63 28 were be VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 63 29 − − NN cord-302127-1abupl36 63 30 96 96 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 63 31 % % NN cord-302127-1abupl36 63 32 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 63 33 − − CD cord-302127-1abupl36 63 34 92 92 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 63 35 % % NN cord-302127-1abupl36 63 36 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 63 37 − − CD cord-302127-1abupl36 63 38 91 91 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 63 39 % % NN cord-302127-1abupl36 63 40 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 63 41 − − CD cord-302127-1abupl36 63 42 92 92 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 63 43 % % NN cord-302127-1abupl36 63 44 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 63 45 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 63 46 − − NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 63 47 90 90 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 63 48 % % NN cord-302127-1abupl36 63 49 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 63 50 respectively respectively RB cord-302127-1abupl36 63 51 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 63 52 while while IN cord-302127-1abupl36 63 53 highest high JJS cord-302127-1abupl36 63 54 reported report VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 63 55 change change NN cord-302127-1abupl36 63 56 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 63 57 staying stay VBG cord-302127-1abupl36 63 58 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 63 59 residential residential JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 63 60 areas area NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 63 61 was be VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 63 62 + + CD cord-302127-1abupl36 63 63 46 46 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 63 64 % % NN cord-302127-1abupl36 63 65 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 64 1 These these DT cord-302127-1abupl36 64 2 dimensions dimension NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 64 3 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 64 4 community community NN cord-302127-1abupl36 64 5 mobility mobility NN cord-302127-1abupl36 64 6 were be VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 64 7 integrated integrate VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 64 8 into into IN cord-302127-1abupl36 64 9 a a DT cord-302127-1abupl36 64 10 social social JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 64 11 distance distance NN cord-302127-1abupl36 64 12 index index NN cord-302127-1abupl36 64 13 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 65 1 First first RB cord-302127-1abupl36 65 2 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 65 3 data datum NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 65 4 on on IN cord-302127-1abupl36 65 5 staying stay VBG cord-302127-1abupl36 65 6 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 65 7 parks park NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 65 8 was be VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 65 9 omitted omit VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 65 10 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 65 11 since since IN cord-302127-1abupl36 65 12 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-302127-1abupl36 65 13 implications implication NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 65 14 on on IN cord-302127-1abupl36 65 15 social social JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 65 16 distance distance NN cord-302127-1abupl36 65 17 were be VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 65 18 considered consider VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 65 19 ambiguous ambiguous JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 65 20 : : : cord-302127-1abupl36 65 21 staying stay VBG cord-302127-1abupl36 65 22 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 65 23 parks park NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 65 24 may may MD cord-302127-1abupl36 65 25 reflect reflect VB cord-302127-1abupl36 65 26 either either CC cord-302127-1abupl36 65 27 individual individual JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 65 28 or or CC cord-302127-1abupl36 65 29 social social JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 65 30 activity activity NN cord-302127-1abupl36 65 31 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 66 1 As as IN cord-302127-1abupl36 66 2 a a DT cord-302127-1abupl36 66 3 next next JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 66 4 step step NN cord-302127-1abupl36 66 5 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 66 6 daily daily JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 66 7 change change NN cord-302127-1abupl36 66 8 from from IN cord-302127-1abupl36 66 9 baseline baseline NN cord-302127-1abupl36 66 10 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 66 11 each each DT cord-302127-1abupl36 66 12 mobility mobility NN cord-302127-1abupl36 66 13 report report NN cord-302127-1abupl36 66 14 dimension dimension NN cord-302127-1abupl36 66 15 was be VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 66 16 normalized normalize VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 66 17 between between IN cord-302127-1abupl36 66 18 baseline baseline NN cord-302127-1abupl36 66 19 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 66 20 international international JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 66 21 maximum maximum NN cord-302127-1abupl36 66 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 66 23 see see VB cord-302127-1abupl36 66 24 above above RB cord-302127-1abupl36 66 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 66 26 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 67 1 Finally finally RB cord-302127-1abupl36 67 2 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 67 3 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 67 4 normalized normalized JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 67 5 values value NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 67 6 were be VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 67 7 averaged average VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 67 8 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 67 9 yielding yield VBG cord-302127-1abupl36 67 10 a a DT cord-302127-1abupl36 67 11 country country NN cord-302127-1abupl36 67 12 - - HYPH cord-302127-1abupl36 67 13 specific specific JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 67 14 daily daily JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 67 15 social social JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 67 16 distance distance NN cord-302127-1abupl36 67 17 index index NN cord-302127-1abupl36 67 18 with with IN cord-302127-1abupl36 67 19 a a DT cord-302127-1abupl36 67 20 baseline baseline NN cord-302127-1abupl36 67 21 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 67 22 0 0 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 67 23 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 67 24 a a DT cord-302127-1abupl36 67 25 theoretical theoretical JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 67 26 maximum maximum NN cord-302127-1abupl36 67 27 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 67 28 100 100 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 67 29 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 68 1 Country country NN cord-302127-1abupl36 68 2 - - HYPH cord-302127-1abupl36 68 3 specific specific JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 68 4 social social JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 68 5 distance distance NN cord-302127-1abupl36 68 6 index index NN cord-302127-1abupl36 68 7 data datum NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 68 8 over over IN cord-302127-1abupl36 68 9 time time NN cord-302127-1abupl36 68 10 are be VBP cord-302127-1abupl36 68 11 shown show VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 68 12 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 68 13 Fig Fig NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 68 14 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 69 1 2 2 LS cord-302127-1abupl36 69 2 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 70 1 For for IN cord-302127-1abupl36 70 2 multivariate multivariate JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 70 3 regression regression NN cord-302127-1abupl36 70 4 analysis analysis NN cord-302127-1abupl36 70 5 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 70 6 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 70 7 average average JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 70 8 social social JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 70 9 distance distance NN cord-302127-1abupl36 70 10 index index NN cord-302127-1abupl36 70 11 was be VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 70 12 estimated estimate VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 70 13 for for IN cord-302127-1abupl36 70 14 a a DT cord-302127-1abupl36 70 15 14-day 14-day CD cord-302127-1abupl36 70 16 incubation incubation NN cord-302127-1abupl36 70 17 period period NN cord-302127-1abupl36 70 18 ending end VBG cord-302127-1abupl36 70 19 at at IN cord-302127-1abupl36 70 20 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 70 21 changepoint changepoint NN cord-302127-1abupl36 70 22 for for IN cord-302127-1abupl36 70 23 each each DT cord-302127-1abupl36 70 24 country country NN cord-302127-1abupl36 70 25 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 70 26 separately separately RB cord-302127-1abupl36 70 27 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 70 28 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 70 29 countries country NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 70 30 were be VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 70 31 grouped group VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 70 32 by by IN cord-302127-1abupl36 70 33 four four CD cord-302127-1abupl36 70 34 quartiles quartile NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 70 35 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 70 36 this this DT cord-302127-1abupl36 70 37 parameter parameter NN cord-302127-1abupl36 70 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 70 39 Table table NN cord-302127-1abupl36 70 40 2 2 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 70 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 70 42 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 71 1 Effect effect NN cord-302127-1abupl36 71 2 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 71 3 social social JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 71 4 distancing distancing NN cord-302127-1abupl36 71 5 on on IN cord-302127-1abupl36 71 6 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 71 7 spread spread NN cord-302127-1abupl36 71 8 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 71 9 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 71 10 epidemic epidemic NN cord-302127-1abupl36 71 11 Daily daily JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 71 12 new new JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 71 13 cases case NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 71 14 were be VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 71 15 modeled model VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 71 16 via via IN cord-302127-1abupl36 71 17 mixed mixed JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 71 18 effects effect NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 72 1 Poisson Poisson NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 72 2 regression regression NN cord-302127-1abupl36 72 3 with with IN cord-302127-1abupl36 72 4 gamma gamma NN cord-302127-1abupl36 72 5 random random JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 72 6 effect effect NN cord-302127-1abupl36 72 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 72 8 Sutradhar Sutradhar NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 72 9 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 72 10 Jowaheer Jowaheer NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 72 11 2003 2003 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 72 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 72 13 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 72 14 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 72 15 xtpoisson xtpoisson NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 72 16 application application NN cord-302127-1abupl36 72 17 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 72 18 STATA STATA NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 72 19 16.0 16.0 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 72 20 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 72 21 using use VBG cord-302127-1abupl36 72 22 countries country NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 72 23 as as IN cord-302127-1abupl36 72 24 random random JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 72 25 effect effect NN cord-302127-1abupl36 72 26 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 73 1 Fixed fix VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 73 2 effects effect NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 73 3 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 73 4 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 73 5 model model NN cord-302127-1abupl36 73 6 were be VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 73 7 time time NN cord-302127-1abupl36 73 8 from from IN cord-302127-1abupl36 73 9 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 73 10 start start NN cord-302127-1abupl36 73 11 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 73 12 observation observation NN cord-302127-1abupl36 73 13 period period NN cord-302127-1abupl36 73 14 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 73 15 time time NN cord-302127-1abupl36 73 16 from from IN cord-302127-1abupl36 73 17 changepoint changepoint NN cord-302127-1abupl36 73 18 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 73 19 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 73 20 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 73 21 interaction interaction NN cord-302127-1abupl36 73 22 between between IN cord-302127-1abupl36 73 23 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 73 24 latter latter JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 73 25 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 73 26 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 73 27 quartiles quartile NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 73 28 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 73 29 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 73 30 average average JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 73 31 social social JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 73 32 distance distance NN cord-302127-1abupl36 73 33 index index NN cord-302127-1abupl36 73 34 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 73 35 14 14 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 73 36 days day NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 73 37 ending end VBG cord-302127-1abupl36 73 38 at at IN cord-302127-1abupl36 73 39 changepoint changepoint NN cord-302127-1abupl36 73 40 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 73 41 reflecting reflect VBG cord-302127-1abupl36 73 42 an an DT cord-302127-1abupl36 73 43 incubation incubation NN cord-302127-1abupl36 73 44 period period NN cord-302127-1abupl36 73 45 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 73 46 1 1 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 73 47 - - SYM cord-302127-1abupl36 73 48 14 14 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 73 49 days day NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 73 50 before before IN cord-302127-1abupl36 73 51 diagnosis diagnosis NN cord-302127-1abupl36 73 52 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 73 53 new new JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 73 54 cases case NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 73 55 ( ( -LRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 73 56 European European NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 73 57 Centre Centre NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 73 58 for for IN cord-302127-1abupl36 73 59 Disease Disease NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 73 60 Prevention Prevention NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 73 61 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 73 62 Control Control NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 73 63 2020 2020 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 73 64 ) ) -RRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 73 65 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 74 1 All all DT cord-302127-1abupl36 74 2 analyses analysis NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 74 3 were be VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 74 4 conducted conduct VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 74 5 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 74 6 STATA STATA NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 74 7 16.0 16.0 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 74 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 74 9 StataCorp StataCorp NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 74 10 2019 2019 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 74 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 74 12 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 74 13 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 74 14 double double RB cord-302127-1abupl36 74 15 - - HYPH cord-302127-1abupl36 74 16 checked check VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 74 17 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 74 18 R r NN cord-302127-1abupl36 74 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 74 20 R R NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 74 21 Core Core NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 74 22 Team Team NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 74 23 R r NN cord-302127-1abupl36 74 24 2017 2017 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 74 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 74 26 using use VBG cord-302127-1abupl36 74 27 packages package NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 74 28 chngpt chngpt NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 75 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 75 2 Fong Fong NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 75 3 et et NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 75 4 al al NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 75 5 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 75 6 2017 2017 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 75 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 75 8 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 75 9 hglm hglm NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 76 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 76 2 Rönnegård Rönnegård NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 76 3 et et NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 76 4 al al NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 76 5 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 77 1 2010 2010 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 77 2 ; ; : cord-302127-1abupl36 77 3 Alam Alam NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 77 4 et et NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 77 5 al al NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 77 6 . . NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 77 7 2015 2015 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 77 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 77 9 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 78 1 Most most RBS cord-302127-1abupl36 78 2 likely likely JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 78 3 changepoints changepoint NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 78 4 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 78 5 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 78 6 estimated estimate VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 78 7 extent extent NN cord-302127-1abupl36 78 8 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 78 9 change change NN cord-302127-1abupl36 78 10 are be VBP cord-302127-1abupl36 78 11 summarized summarize VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 78 12 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 78 13 Table Table NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 78 14 2 2 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 78 15 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 78 16 depicted depict VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 78 17 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 78 18 Fig Fig NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 78 19 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 78 20 _SP cord-302127-1abupl36 79 1 1 1 LS cord-302127-1abupl36 79 2 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 80 1 The the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 80 2 identified identify VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 80 3 changepoints changepoint NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 80 4 were be VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 80 5 associated associate VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 80 6 with with IN cord-302127-1abupl36 80 7 statistically statistically RB cord-302127-1abupl36 80 8 significant significant JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 80 9 alteration alteration NN cord-302127-1abupl36 80 10 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 80 11 daily daily JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 80 12 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 80 13 incidence incidence NN cord-302127-1abupl36 80 14 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 80 15 23 23 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 80 16 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 80 17 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 80 18 28 28 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 80 19 investigated investigate VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 80 20 countries country NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 80 21 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 80 22 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 80 23 all all DT cord-302127-1abupl36 80 24 significant significant JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 80 25 findings finding NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 80 26 exhibited exhibit VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 80 27 a a DT cord-302127-1abupl36 80 28 decline decline NN cord-302127-1abupl36 80 29 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 80 30 epidemic epidemic JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 80 31 spread spread NN cord-302127-1abupl36 80 32 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 81 1 Findings finding NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 81 2 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 81 3 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 81 4 multinational multinational JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 81 5 regression regression NN cord-302127-1abupl36 81 6 analysis analysis NN cord-302127-1abupl36 81 7 are be VBP cord-302127-1abupl36 81 8 summarized summarize VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 81 9 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 81 10 Table Table NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 81 11 3 3 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 81 12 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 82 1 Translating translate VBG cord-302127-1abupl36 82 2 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 82 3 model model NN cord-302127-1abupl36 82 4 coefficients coefficient NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 82 5 into into IN cord-302127-1abupl36 82 6 incidence incidence NN cord-302127-1abupl36 82 7 rate rate NN cord-302127-1abupl36 82 8 ratios ratio NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 82 9 shows show VBZ cord-302127-1abupl36 82 10 that that IN cord-302127-1abupl36 82 11 before before IN cord-302127-1abupl36 82 12 changepoint changepoint NN cord-302127-1abupl36 82 13 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 82 14 incidence incidence NN cord-302127-1abupl36 82 15 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 82 16 new new JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 82 17 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 82 18 cases case NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 82 19 grew grow VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 82 20 by by IN cord-302127-1abupl36 82 21 24 24 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 82 22 % % NN cord-302127-1abupl36 82 23 per per IN cord-302127-1abupl36 82 24 day day NN cord-302127-1abupl36 82 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 82 26 IRR IRR NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 82 27 1.24 1.24 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 82 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 82 29 on on IN cord-302127-1abupl36 82 30 average average JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 82 31 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 83 1 From from IN cord-302127-1abupl36 83 2 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 83 3 changepoint changepoint NN cord-302127-1abupl36 83 4 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 83 5 this this DT cord-302127-1abupl36 83 6 growth growth NN cord-302127-1abupl36 83 7 rate rate NN cord-302127-1abupl36 83 8 reduced reduce VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 83 9 to to IN cord-302127-1abupl36 83 10 0.9 0.9 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 83 11 % % NN cord-302127-1abupl36 83 12 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 83 13 0.3 0.3 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 83 14 % % NN cord-302127-1abupl36 83 15 increase increase NN cord-302127-1abupl36 83 16 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 83 17 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 83 18 to to IN cord-302127-1abupl36 83 19 0.7 0.7 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 83 20 % % NN cord-302127-1abupl36 83 21 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 83 22 1.7 1.7 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 83 23 % % NN cord-302127-1abupl36 83 24 decrease decrease NN cord-302127-1abupl36 83 25 by by IN cord-302127-1abupl36 83 26 increasing increase VBG cord-302127-1abupl36 83 27 SDI SDI NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 83 28 quartiles quartile NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 83 29 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 84 1 The the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 84 2 beneficial beneficial JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 84 3 effect effect NN cord-302127-1abupl36 84 4 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 84 5 higher high JJR cord-302127-1abupl36 84 6 social social JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 84 7 distance distance NN cord-302127-1abupl36 84 8 quartiles quartile NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 84 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 84 10 i.e. i.e. FW cord-302127-1abupl36 84 11 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 84 12 turning turn VBG cord-302127-1abupl36 84 13 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 84 14 increase increase NN cord-302127-1abupl36 84 15 into into IN cord-302127-1abupl36 84 16 decline decline NN cord-302127-1abupl36 84 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 84 18 was be VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 84 19 statistically statistically RB cord-302127-1abupl36 84 20 significant significant JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 84 21 for for IN cord-302127-1abupl36 84 22 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 84 23 fourth fourth JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 84 24 quartile quartile NN cord-302127-1abupl36 84 25 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 85 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-302127-1abupl36 85 2 analysis analysis NN cord-302127-1abupl36 85 3 identified identify VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 85 4 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 85 5 most most RBS cord-302127-1abupl36 85 6 probable probable JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 85 7 changepoint changepoint NN cord-302127-1abupl36 85 8 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 85 9 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 85 10 flow flow NN cord-302127-1abupl36 85 11 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 85 12 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 85 13 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 85 14 epidemic epidemic NN cord-302127-1abupl36 85 15 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 85 16 28 28 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 85 17 European european JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 85 18 countries country NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 85 19 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 85 20 found find VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 85 21 a a DT cord-302127-1abupl36 85 22 clear clear JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 85 23 dose dose JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 85 24 - - HYPH cord-302127-1abupl36 85 25 response response NN cord-302127-1abupl36 85 26 association association NN cord-302127-1abupl36 85 27 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 85 28 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 85 29 observed observed JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 85 30 flattening flattening NN cord-302127-1abupl36 85 31 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 85 32 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 85 33 epidemic epidemic NN cord-302127-1abupl36 85 34 curve curve NN cord-302127-1abupl36 85 35 with with IN cord-302127-1abupl36 85 36 increasing increase VBG cord-302127-1abupl36 85 37 social social JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 85 38 distance distance NN cord-302127-1abupl36 85 39 index index NN cord-302127-1abupl36 85 40 derived derive VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 85 41 from from IN cord-302127-1abupl36 85 42 Google Google NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 85 43 Community Community NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 85 44 Mobility Mobility NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 85 45 Reports Reports NNPS cord-302127-1abupl36 85 46 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 86 1 Countries country NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 86 2 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 86 3 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 86 4 highest high JJS cord-302127-1abupl36 86 5 SDI SDI NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 86 6 quartile quartile NN cord-302127-1abupl36 86 7 achieved achieve VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 86 8 a a DT cord-302127-1abupl36 86 9 statistically statistically RB cord-302127-1abupl36 86 10 significant significant JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 86 11 decline decline NN cord-302127-1abupl36 86 12 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 86 13 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 86 14 epidemic epidemic NN cord-302127-1abupl36 86 15 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 86 16 with with IN cord-302127-1abupl36 86 17 less less JJR cord-302127-1abupl36 86 18 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 86 19 less less JJR cord-302127-1abupl36 86 20 new new JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 86 21 cases case NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 86 22 every every DT cord-302127-1abupl36 86 23 day day NN cord-302127-1abupl36 86 24 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 86 25 while while IN cord-302127-1abupl36 86 26 countries country NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 86 27 with with IN cord-302127-1abupl36 86 28 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 86 29 least least JJS cord-302127-1abupl36 86 30 stringent stringent JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 86 31 SDI SDI NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 86 32 increase increase NN cord-302127-1abupl36 86 33 also also RB cord-302127-1abupl36 86 34 greatly greatly RB cord-302127-1abupl36 86 35 reduced reduce VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 86 36 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 86 37 initially initially RB cord-302127-1abupl36 86 38 high high JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 86 39 growth growth NN cord-302127-1abupl36 86 40 rate rate NN cord-302127-1abupl36 86 41 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 86 42 incident incident NN cord-302127-1abupl36 86 43 COVID-19 covid-19 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 86 44 cases case NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 86 45 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 87 1 Accordingly accordingly RB cord-302127-1abupl36 87 2 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 87 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-302127-1abupl36 87 4 can can MD cord-302127-1abupl36 87 5 be be VB cord-302127-1abupl36 87 6 inferred infer VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 87 7 that that IN cord-302127-1abupl36 87 8 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 87 9 unprecedented unprecedented JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 87 10 " " `` cord-302127-1abupl36 87 11 stay stay NN cord-302127-1abupl36 87 12 - - HYPH cord-302127-1abupl36 87 13 at at IN cord-302127-1abupl36 87 14 - - HYPH cord-302127-1abupl36 87 15 home home NN cord-302127-1abupl36 87 16 " " `` cord-302127-1abupl36 87 17 national national JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 87 18 policies policy NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 87 19 meaningfully meaningfully RB cord-302127-1abupl36 87 20 contributed contribute VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 87 21 to to IN cord-302127-1abupl36 87 22 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 87 23 suppression suppression NN cord-302127-1abupl36 87 24 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 87 25 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 87 26 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 87 27 pandemic pandemic NN cord-302127-1abupl36 87 28 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 87 29 Europe Europe NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 87 30 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 88 1 Countries country NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 88 2 which which WDT cord-302127-1abupl36 88 3 achieved achieve VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 88 4 on on IN cord-302127-1abupl36 88 5 average average JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 88 6 only only RB cord-302127-1abupl36 88 7 16 16 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 88 8 % % NN cord-302127-1abupl36 88 9 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 88 10 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 88 11 maximum maximum JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 88 12 observed observed JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 88 13 level level NN cord-302127-1abupl36 88 14 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 88 15 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 88 16 decrease decrease NN cord-302127-1abupl36 88 17 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 88 18 social social JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 88 19 contacts contact NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 88 20 showed show VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 88 21 already already RB cord-302127-1abupl36 88 22 a a DT cord-302127-1abupl36 88 23 large large JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 88 24 reduction reduction NN cord-302127-1abupl36 88 25 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 88 26 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 88 27 spread spread NN cord-302127-1abupl36 88 28 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 88 29 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 88 30 epidemic epidemic NN cord-302127-1abupl36 88 31 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 89 1 On on IN cord-302127-1abupl36 89 2 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 89 3 other other JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 89 4 hand hand NN cord-302127-1abupl36 89 5 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 89 6 restrictions restriction NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 89 7 on on IN cord-302127-1abupl36 89 8 internal internal JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 89 9 movements movement NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 89 10 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 89 11 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 89 12 citizens citizen NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 89 13 are be VBP cord-302127-1abupl36 89 14 obviously obviously RB cord-302127-1abupl36 89 15 not not RB cord-302127-1abupl36 89 16 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 89 17 only only JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 89 18 contributors contributor NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 89 19 to to IN cord-302127-1abupl36 89 20 this this DT cord-302127-1abupl36 89 21 decline decline NN cord-302127-1abupl36 89 22 : : : cord-302127-1abupl36 89 23 contact contact NN cord-302127-1abupl36 89 24 tracing tracing NN cord-302127-1abupl36 89 25 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 89 26 isolation isolation NN cord-302127-1abupl36 89 27 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 89 28 widescale widescale JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 89 29 use use NN cord-302127-1abupl36 89 30 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 89 31 individual individual JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 89 32 protective protective JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 89 33 equipment equipment NN cord-302127-1abupl36 89 34 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 89 35 keeping keep VBG cord-302127-1abupl36 89 36 safe safe JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 89 37 interpersonal interpersonal JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 89 38 distance distance NN cord-302127-1abupl36 89 39 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 89 40 public public JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 89 41 places place NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 89 42 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 89 43 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 89 44 proper proper JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 89 45 hand hand NN cord-302127-1abupl36 89 46 hygiene hygiene NN cord-302127-1abupl36 89 47 are be VBP cord-302127-1abupl36 89 48 all all DT cord-302127-1abupl36 89 49 plausible plausible JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 89 50 contributors contributor NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 89 51 to to IN cord-302127-1abupl36 89 52 stopping stop VBG cord-302127-1abupl36 89 53 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 89 54 first first JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 89 55 wave wave NN cord-302127-1abupl36 89 56 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 89 57 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 89 58 pandemic pandemic NN cord-302127-1abupl36 89 59 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 89 60 Europe Europe NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 89 61 ( ( -LRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 89 62 European European NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 89 63 Commission Commission NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 89 64 2020 2020 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 89 65 ; ; : cord-302127-1abupl36 89 66 Imperial Imperial NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 89 67 College College NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 89 68 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 89 69 Response Response NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 89 70 Team Team NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 89 71 Report Report NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 89 72 9 9 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 89 73 2020 2020 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 89 74 ) ) -RRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 89 75 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 90 1 Notably notably RB cord-302127-1abupl36 90 2 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 90 3 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 90 4 importance importance NN cord-302127-1abupl36 90 5 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 90 6 local local JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 90 7 micro micro JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 90 8 - - JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 90 9 epidemic epidemic JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 90 10 chains chain NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 90 11 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 90 12 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 90 13 overall overall JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 90 14 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 90 15 epidemic epidemic NN cord-302127-1abupl36 90 16 is be VBZ cord-302127-1abupl36 90 17 better well JJR cord-302127-1abupl36 90 18 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 90 19 better well RBR cord-302127-1abupl36 90 20 recognized recognize VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 90 21 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 91 1 Nursing nursing NN cord-302127-1abupl36 91 2 homes home NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 91 3 are be VBP cord-302127-1abupl36 91 4 known know VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 91 5 to to TO cord-302127-1abupl36 91 6 be be VB cord-302127-1abupl36 91 7 predisposed predisposed JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 91 8 to to IN cord-302127-1abupl36 91 9 having have VBG cord-302127-1abupl36 91 10 high high JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 91 11 transmission transmission NN cord-302127-1abupl36 91 12 rates rate NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 91 13 for for IN cord-302127-1abupl36 91 14 infectious infectious JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 91 15 diseases disease NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 91 16 for for IN cord-302127-1abupl36 91 17 many many JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 91 18 reasons reason NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 91 19 including include VBG cord-302127-1abupl36 91 20 crowding crowd VBG cord-302127-1abupl36 91 21 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 91 22 sharing share VBG cord-302127-1abupl36 91 23 bathroom bathroom NN cord-302127-1abupl36 91 24 facilities facility NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 91 25 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 91 26 social social JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 91 27 contacts contact NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 91 28 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 91 29 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 91 30 low low JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 91 31 preparedness preparedness NN cord-302127-1abupl36 91 32 for for IN cord-302127-1abupl36 91 33 infection infection NN cord-302127-1abupl36 91 34 control control NN cord-302127-1abupl36 91 35 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 92 1 Unfortunately unfortunately RB cord-302127-1abupl36 92 2 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 92 3 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 92 4 does do VBZ cord-302127-1abupl36 92 5 not not RB cord-302127-1abupl36 92 6 seem seem VB cord-302127-1abupl36 92 7 to to TO cord-302127-1abupl36 92 8 be be VB cord-302127-1abupl36 92 9 an an DT cord-302127-1abupl36 92 10 exception exception NN cord-302127-1abupl36 92 11 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 92 12 this this DT cord-302127-1abupl36 92 13 respect respect NN cord-302127-1abupl36 92 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 92 15 Davidson Davidson NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 92 16 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 92 17 Szanton Szanton NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 92 18 2020 2020 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 92 19 ; ; : cord-302127-1abupl36 92 20 Trabucchi Trabucchi NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 92 21 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 92 22 De De NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 92 23 Leo Leo NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 92 24 2020 2020 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 92 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 92 26 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 93 1 According accord VBG cord-302127-1abupl36 93 2 to to IN cord-302127-1abupl36 93 3 a a DT cord-302127-1abupl36 93 4 WHO WHO NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 93 5 report report NN cord-302127-1abupl36 93 6 on on IN cord-302127-1abupl36 93 7 23 23 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 93 8 April April NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 93 9 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 93 10 up up IN cord-302127-1abupl36 93 11 to to TO cord-302127-1abupl36 93 12 half half NN cord-302127-1abupl36 93 13 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 93 14 those those DT cord-302127-1abupl36 93 15 who who WP cord-302127-1abupl36 93 16 have have VBP cord-302127-1abupl36 93 17 died die VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 93 18 from from IN cord-302127-1abupl36 93 19 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 93 20 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 93 21 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 93 22 European European NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 93 23 Region Region NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 93 24 were be VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 93 25 resident resident JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 93 26 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 93 27 long long JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 93 28 - - HYPH cord-302127-1abupl36 93 29 term term NN cord-302127-1abupl36 93 30 care care NN cord-302127-1abupl36 93 31 facilities facility NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 93 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 93 33 World World NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 93 34 Health Health NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 93 35 Organization Organization NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 93 36 Statement Statement NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 93 37 2020 2020 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 93 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 93 39 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 94 1 To to IN cord-302127-1abupl36 94 2 SDI SDI NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 94 3 social social JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 94 4 distance distance NN cord-302127-1abupl36 94 5 index index NN cord-302127-1abupl36 94 6 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 94 7 SD SD NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 94 8 standard standard JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 94 9 deviation deviation NN cord-302127-1abupl36 94 10 prevent prevent VBP cord-302127-1abupl36 94 11 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 94 12 transmission transmission NN cord-302127-1abupl36 94 13 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 94 14 nursing nursing NN cord-302127-1abupl36 94 15 homes home NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 94 16 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 94 17 other other JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 94 18 chronic chronic JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 94 19 care care NN cord-302127-1abupl36 94 20 facilities facility NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 94 21 enriching enrich VBG cord-302127-1abupl36 94 22 high high JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 94 23 - - HYPH cord-302127-1abupl36 94 24 risk risk NN cord-302127-1abupl36 94 25 elderly elderly JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 94 26 patient patient JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 94 27 groups group NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 94 28 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 94 29 effective effective JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 94 30 local local JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 94 31 infection infection NN cord-302127-1abupl36 94 32 control control NN cord-302127-1abupl36 94 33 measures measure NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 94 34 are be VBP cord-302127-1abupl36 94 35 clearly clearly RB cord-302127-1abupl36 94 36 more more RBR cord-302127-1abupl36 94 37 relevant relevant JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 94 38 than than IN cord-302127-1abupl36 94 39 general general JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 94 40 interventions intervention NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 94 41 targeting target VBG cord-302127-1abupl36 94 42 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 94 43 country country NN cord-302127-1abupl36 94 44 population population NN cord-302127-1abupl36 94 45 as as IN cord-302127-1abupl36 94 46 a a DT cord-302127-1abupl36 94 47 whole whole NN cord-302127-1abupl36 94 48 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 94 49 without without IN cord-302127-1abupl36 94 50 specific specific JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 94 51 focus focus NN cord-302127-1abupl36 94 52 on on IN cord-302127-1abupl36 94 53 critical critical JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 94 54 hot hot JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 94 55 spots spot NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 94 56 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 94 57 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 94 58 epidemic epidemic NN cord-302127-1abupl36 94 59 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 95 1 Such such JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 95 2 a a DT cord-302127-1abupl36 95 3 discrepancy discrepancy NN cord-302127-1abupl36 95 4 between between IN cord-302127-1abupl36 95 5 global global JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 95 6 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 95 7 local local JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 95 8 containment containment NN cord-302127-1abupl36 95 9 measures measure NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 95 10 may may MD cord-302127-1abupl36 95 11 also also RB cord-302127-1abupl36 95 12 explain explain VB cord-302127-1abupl36 95 13 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 95 14 relatively relatively RB cord-302127-1abupl36 95 15 small small JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 95 16 difference difference NN cord-302127-1abupl36 95 17 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 95 18 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 95 19 slowing slowing NN cord-302127-1abupl36 95 20 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 95 21 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 95 22 epidemic epidemic NN cord-302127-1abupl36 95 23 by by IN cord-302127-1abupl36 95 24 different different JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 95 25 level level NN cord-302127-1abupl36 95 26 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 95 27 social social JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 95 28 distancing distancing NN cord-302127-1abupl36 95 29 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 96 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-302127-1abupl36 96 2 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 96 3 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 96 4 parallel parallel NN cord-302127-1abupl36 96 5 with with IN cord-302127-1abupl36 96 6 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 96 7 gradual gradual JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 96 8 lifting lifting NN cord-302127-1abupl36 96 9 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 96 10 country country NN cord-302127-1abupl36 96 11 - - HYPH cord-302127-1abupl36 96 12 level level NN cord-302127-1abupl36 96 13 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 96 14 spread spread VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 96 15 control control NN cord-302127-1abupl36 96 16 measures measure NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 96 17 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 96 18 special special JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 96 19 attention attention NN cord-302127-1abupl36 96 20 must must MD cord-302127-1abupl36 96 21 be be VB cord-302127-1abupl36 96 22 paid pay VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 96 23 to to TO cord-302127-1abupl36 96 24 ensure ensure VB cord-302127-1abupl36 96 25 adequate adequate JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 96 26 local local JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 96 27 infection infection NN cord-302127-1abupl36 96 28 control control NN cord-302127-1abupl36 96 29 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 96 30 nursing nursing NN cord-302127-1abupl36 96 31 homes home NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 96 32 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 96 33 chronic chronic JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 96 34 inpatient inpatient JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 96 35 care care NN cord-302127-1abupl36 96 36 facilities facility NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 96 37 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 96 38 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 96 39 compliance compliance NN cord-302127-1abupl36 96 40 with with IN cord-302127-1abupl36 96 41 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 96 42 European european JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 96 43 roadmap roadmap NN cord-302127-1abupl36 96 44 to to IN cord-302127-1abupl36 96 45 lifting lift VBG cord-302127-1abupl36 96 46 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-302127-1abupl36 96 47 containment containment NN cord-302127-1abupl36 96 48 measures measure NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 96 49 ( ( -LRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 96 50 European European NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 96 51 Commission Commission NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 96 52 2020 2020 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 96 53 ) ) -RRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 96 54 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 96 55 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 96 56 corresponding corresponding JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 96 57 recommendations recommendation NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 96 58 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 96 59 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 96 60 Centers Centers NNPS cord-302127-1abupl36 96 61 for for IN cord-302127-1abupl36 96 62 Disease Disease NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 96 63 control control NN cord-302127-1abupl36 96 64 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 96 65 Prevention Prevention NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 96 66 ( ( -LRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 96 67 Centers Centers NNPS cord-302127-1abupl36 96 68 for for IN cord-302127-1abupl36 96 69 Disease Disease NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 96 70 Control Control NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 96 71 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 96 72 Prevention Prevention NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 96 73 Key Key NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 96 74 Strategies Strategies NNPS cord-302127-1abupl36 96 75 2020 2020 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 96 76 ) ) -RRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 96 77 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 97 1 The the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 97 2 unprecedented unprecedented JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 97 3 " " `` cord-302127-1abupl36 97 4 stay stay NN cord-302127-1abupl36 97 5 - - HYPH cord-302127-1abupl36 97 6 at at IN cord-302127-1abupl36 97 7 - - HYPH cord-302127-1abupl36 97 8 home home NN cord-302127-1abupl36 97 9 " " `` cord-302127-1abupl36 97 10 national national JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 97 11 policies policy NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 97 12 meaningfully meaningfully RB cord-302127-1abupl36 97 13 contributed contribute VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 97 14 to to IN cord-302127-1abupl36 97 15 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 97 16 suppression suppression NN cord-302127-1abupl36 97 17 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 97 18 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 97 19 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 97 20 pandemic pandemic NN cord-302127-1abupl36 97 21 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 97 22 Europe Europe NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 97 23 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 97 24 which which WDT cord-302127-1abupl36 97 25 can can MD cord-302127-1abupl36 97 26 be be VB cord-302127-1abupl36 97 27 detected detect VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 97 28 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 97 29 macro macro JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 97 30 level level NN cord-302127-1abupl36 97 31 time time NN cord-302127-1abupl36 97 32 trend trend NN cord-302127-1abupl36 97 33 analysis analysis NN cord-302127-1abupl36 97 34 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 98 1 However however RB cord-302127-1abupl36 98 2 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 98 3 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 98 4 importance importance NN cord-302127-1abupl36 98 5 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 98 6 several several JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 98 7 other other JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 98 8 interventions intervention NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 98 9 introduced introduce VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 98 10 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 98 11 parallel parallel NN cord-302127-1abupl36 98 12 must must MD cord-302127-1abupl36 98 13 be be VB cord-302127-1abupl36 98 14 noted note VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 98 15 as as RB cord-302127-1abupl36 98 16 well well RB cord-302127-1abupl36 98 17 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 98 18 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 98 19 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-302127-1abupl36 98 20 findings finding NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 98 21 could could MD cord-302127-1abupl36 98 22 be be VB cord-302127-1abupl36 98 23 shaped shape VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 98 24 also also RB cord-302127-1abupl36 98 25 by by IN cord-302127-1abupl36 98 26 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 98 27 important important JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 98 28 distinction distinction NN cord-302127-1abupl36 98 29 between between IN cord-302127-1abupl36 98 30 country country NN cord-302127-1abupl36 98 31 - - HYPH cord-302127-1abupl36 98 32 level level NN cord-302127-1abupl36 98 33 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 98 34 institution institution NN cord-302127-1abupl36 98 35 - - HYPH cord-302127-1abupl36 98 36 level level NN cord-302127-1abupl36 98 37 preparedness preparedness NN cord-302127-1abupl36 98 38 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 99 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-302127-1abupl36 99 2 findings finding NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 99 3 allow allow VBP cord-302127-1abupl36 99 4 for for IN cord-302127-1abupl36 99 5 moderate moderate JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 99 6 optimism optimism NN cord-302127-1abupl36 99 7 related relate VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 99 8 to to IN cord-302127-1abupl36 99 9 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 99 10 gradual gradual JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 99 11 lifting lifting NN cord-302127-1abupl36 99 12 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 99 13 social social JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 99 14 distance distance NN cord-302127-1abupl36 99 15 measures measure NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 99 16 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 99 17 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 99 18 general general JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 99 19 population population NN cord-302127-1abupl36 99 20 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 99 21 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 99 22 call call VB cord-302127-1abupl36 99 23 for for IN cord-302127-1abupl36 99 24 specific specific JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 99 25 attention attention NN cord-302127-1abupl36 99 26 to to IN cord-302127-1abupl36 99 27 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 99 28 protection protection NN cord-302127-1abupl36 99 29 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 99 30 focal focal JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 99 31 micro micro NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 99 32 - - HYPH cord-302127-1abupl36 99 33 societies society NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 99 34 enriching enrich VBG cord-302127-1abupl36 99 35 high high JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 99 36 - - HYPH cord-302127-1abupl36 99 37 risk risk NN cord-302127-1abupl36 99 38 elderly elderly JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 99 39 subjects subject NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 99 40 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 99 41 including include VBG cord-302127-1abupl36 99 42 nursing nursing NN cord-302127-1abupl36 99 43 homes home NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 99 44 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 99 45 chronic chronic JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 99 46 care care NN cord-302127-1abupl36 99 47 facilities facility NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 99 48 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 100 1 Code code NN cord-302127-1abupl36 100 2 availability availability NN cord-302127-1abupl36 100 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 100 4 software software NN cord-302127-1abupl36 100 5 application application NN cord-302127-1abupl36 100 6 or or CC cord-302127-1abupl36 100 7 custom custom NN cord-302127-1abupl36 100 8 code code NN cord-302127-1abupl36 100 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 101 1 Threshold threshold NN cord-302127-1abupl36 101 2 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 101 3 Poisson Poisson NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 101 4 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 101 5 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 101 6 xtpoisson xtpoisson NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 101 7 applications application NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 101 8 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 101 9 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 101 10 statistical statistical JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 101 11 software software NN cord-302127-1abupl36 101 12 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 101 13 STATA STATA NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 101 14 16.0 16.0 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 101 15 were be VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 101 16 used use VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 101 17 for for IN cord-302127-1abupl36 101 18 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 101 19 analysis analysis NN cord-302127-1abupl36 101 20 as as IN cord-302127-1abupl36 101 21 described describe VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 101 22 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 101 23 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 101 24 Methods method NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 101 25 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 102 1 Author author NN cord-302127-1abupl36 102 2 contributions contribution NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 103 1 JGP JGP NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 103 2 initiated initiate VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 103 3 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 103 4 project project NN cord-302127-1abupl36 103 5 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 103 6 prepared prepare VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 103 7 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 103 8 data datum NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 103 9 for for IN cord-302127-1abupl36 103 10 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 103 11 analysis analysis NN cord-302127-1abupl36 103 12 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 104 1 ZV ZV NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 104 2 developed develop VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 104 3 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 104 4 analysis analysis NN cord-302127-1abupl36 104 5 plan plan NN cord-302127-1abupl36 104 6 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 104 7 performed perform VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 104 8 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 104 9 analysis analysis NN cord-302127-1abupl36 104 10 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 104 11 STATA STATA NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 104 12 16.0 16.0 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 104 13 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 105 1 JGP JGP NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 105 2 checked check VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 105 3 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 105 4 analysis analysis NN cord-302127-1abupl36 105 5 by by IN cord-302127-1abupl36 105 6 repeating repeat VBG cord-302127-1abupl36 105 7 it -PRON- PRP cord-302127-1abupl36 105 8 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 105 9 R r NN cord-302127-1abupl36 105 10 3.5.0 3.5.0 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 105 11 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 106 1 The the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 106 2 first first JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 106 3 version version NN cord-302127-1abupl36 106 4 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 106 5 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 106 6 manuscript manuscript NN cord-302127-1abupl36 106 7 was be VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 106 8 drafted draft VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 106 9 by by IN cord-302127-1abupl36 106 10 JGP JGP NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 106 11 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 107 1 Both both DT cord-302127-1abupl36 107 2 authors author NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 107 3 contributed contribute VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 107 4 to to IN cord-302127-1abupl36 107 5 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 107 6 interpretation interpretation NN cord-302127-1abupl36 107 7 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 107 8 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 107 9 results result NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 107 10 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 107 11 to to IN cord-302127-1abupl36 107 12 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 107 13 writing writing NN cord-302127-1abupl36 107 14 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 107 15 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 107 16 successive successive JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 107 17 versions version NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 107 18 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 107 19 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 107 20 manuscript manuscript NN cord-302127-1abupl36 107 21 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 108 1 Funding funding NN cord-302127-1abupl36 108 2 Information information NN cord-302127-1abupl36 108 3 Open Open NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 108 4 access access NN cord-302127-1abupl36 108 5 funding funding NN cord-302127-1abupl36 108 6 provided provide VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 108 7 by by IN cord-302127-1abupl36 108 8 Semmelweis Semmelweis NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 108 9 University University NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 108 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 108 11 SE).Data se).data NN cord-302127-1abupl36 108 12 availabilityPublicly availabilitypublicly NN cord-302127-1abupl36 108 13 available available JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 108 14 data datum NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 108 15 was be VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 108 16 used use VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 108 17 for for IN cord-302127-1abupl36 108 18 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 108 19 analysis analysis NN cord-302127-1abupl36 108 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 108 21 see see VB cord-302127-1abupl36 108 22 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 108 23 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 108 24 Acknowledgments acknowledgment NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 108 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 108 26 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 109 1 Conflict conflict NN cord-302127-1abupl36 109 2 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 109 3 interest interest NN cord-302127-1abupl36 110 1 The the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 110 2 authors author NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 110 3 declare declare VBP cord-302127-1abupl36 110 4 that that IN cord-302127-1abupl36 110 5 they -PRON- PRP cord-302127-1abupl36 110 6 have have VBP cord-302127-1abupl36 110 7 no no DT cord-302127-1abupl36 110 8 conflict conflict NN cord-302127-1abupl36 110 9 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 110 10 interest interest NN cord-302127-1abupl36 110 11 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 111 1 Open open VB cord-302127-1abupl36 111 2 Access Access NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 112 1 This this DT cord-302127-1abupl36 112 2 article article NN cord-302127-1abupl36 112 3 is be VBZ cord-302127-1abupl36 112 4 licensed license VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 112 5 under under IN cord-302127-1abupl36 112 6 a a DT cord-302127-1abupl36 112 7 Creative Creative NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 112 8 Commons Commons NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 112 9 Attribution Attribution NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 112 10 4.0 4.0 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 112 11 International International NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 112 12 License License NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 112 13 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 112 14 which which WDT cord-302127-1abupl36 112 15 permits permit VBZ cord-302127-1abupl36 112 16 use use NN cord-302127-1abupl36 112 17 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 112 18 sharing sharing NN cord-302127-1abupl36 112 19 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 112 20 adaptation adaptation NN cord-302127-1abupl36 112 21 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 112 22 distribution distribution NN cord-302127-1abupl36 112 23 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 112 24 reproduction reproduction NN cord-302127-1abupl36 112 25 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 112 26 any any DT cord-302127-1abupl36 112 27 medium medium NN cord-302127-1abupl36 112 28 or or CC cord-302127-1abupl36 112 29 format format NN cord-302127-1abupl36 112 30 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 112 31 as as RB cord-302127-1abupl36 112 32 long long RB cord-302127-1abupl36 112 33 as as IN cord-302127-1abupl36 112 34 you -PRON- PRP cord-302127-1abupl36 112 35 give give VBP cord-302127-1abupl36 112 36 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 112 37 credit credit NN cord-302127-1abupl36 112 38 to to IN cord-302127-1abupl36 112 39 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 112 40 original original JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 112 41 author(s author(s NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 112 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 112 43 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 112 44 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 112 45 source source NN cord-302127-1abupl36 112 46 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 112 47 provide provide VB cord-302127-1abupl36 112 48 a a DT cord-302127-1abupl36 112 49 link link NN cord-302127-1abupl36 112 50 to to IN cord-302127-1abupl36 112 51 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 112 52 Creative Creative NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 112 53 Commons Commons NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 112 54 licence licence NN cord-302127-1abupl36 112 55 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 112 56 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 112 57 indicate indicate VBP cord-302127-1abupl36 112 58 if if IN cord-302127-1abupl36 112 59 changes change NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 112 60 were be VBD cord-302127-1abupl36 112 61 made make VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 112 62 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 113 1 The the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 113 2 images image NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 113 3 or or CC cord-302127-1abupl36 113 4 other other JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 113 5 third third JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 113 6 party party NN cord-302127-1abupl36 113 7 material material NN cord-302127-1abupl36 113 8 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 113 9 this this DT cord-302127-1abupl36 113 10 article article NN cord-302127-1abupl36 113 11 are be VBP cord-302127-1abupl36 113 12 included include VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 113 13 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 113 14 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 113 15 article article NN cord-302127-1abupl36 113 16 's 's POS cord-302127-1abupl36 113 17 Creative Creative NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 113 18 Commons Commons NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 113 19 licence licence NN cord-302127-1abupl36 113 20 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 113 21 unless unless IN cord-302127-1abupl36 113 22 indicated indicate VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 113 23 otherwise otherwise RB cord-302127-1abupl36 113 24 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 113 25 a a DT cord-302127-1abupl36 113 26 credit credit NN cord-302127-1abupl36 113 27 line line NN cord-302127-1abupl36 113 28 to to IN cord-302127-1abupl36 113 29 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 113 30 material material NN cord-302127-1abupl36 113 31 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 114 1 If if IN cord-302127-1abupl36 114 2 material material NN cord-302127-1abupl36 114 3 is be VBZ cord-302127-1abupl36 114 4 not not RB cord-302127-1abupl36 114 5 included include VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 114 6 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 114 7 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 114 8 article article NN cord-302127-1abupl36 114 9 's 's POS cord-302127-1abupl36 114 10 Creative Creative NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 114 11 Commons Commons NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 114 12 licence licence NN cord-302127-1abupl36 114 13 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 114 14 your -PRON- PRP$ cord-302127-1abupl36 114 15 intended intend VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 114 16 use use NN cord-302127-1abupl36 114 17 is be VBZ cord-302127-1abupl36 114 18 not not RB cord-302127-1abupl36 114 19 permitted permit VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 114 20 by by IN cord-302127-1abupl36 114 21 statutory statutory JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 114 22 regulation regulation NN cord-302127-1abupl36 114 23 or or CC cord-302127-1abupl36 114 24 exceeds exceed VBZ cord-302127-1abupl36 114 25 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 114 26 permitted permit VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 114 27 use use NN cord-302127-1abupl36 114 28 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 114 29 you -PRON- PRP cord-302127-1abupl36 114 30 will will MD cord-302127-1abupl36 114 31 need need VB cord-302127-1abupl36 114 32 to to TO cord-302127-1abupl36 114 33 obtain obtain VB cord-302127-1abupl36 114 34 permission permission NN cord-302127-1abupl36 114 35 directly directly RB cord-302127-1abupl36 114 36 from from IN cord-302127-1abupl36 114 37 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 114 38 copyright copyright NN cord-302127-1abupl36 114 39 holder holder NN cord-302127-1abupl36 114 40 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 115 1 To to TO cord-302127-1abupl36 115 2 view view VB cord-302127-1abupl36 115 3 a a DT cord-302127-1abupl36 115 4 copy copy NN cord-302127-1abupl36 115 5 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 115 6 this this DT cord-302127-1abupl36 115 7 licence licence NN cord-302127-1abupl36 115 8 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 115 9 visit visit VB cord-302127-1abupl36 115 10 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 115 11 _SP cord-302127-1abupl36 115 12 Fitting Fitting NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 115 13 conditional conditional JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 115 14 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 115 15 simultaneous simultaneous JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 115 16 autoregressive autoregressive JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 115 17 spatial spatial JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 115 18 models model NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 115 19 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 115 20 hglm hglm NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 115 21 A A NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 115 22 survey survey NN cord-302127-1abupl36 115 23 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 115 24 methods method NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 115 25 for for IN cord-302127-1abupl36 115 26 time time NN cord-302127-1abupl36 115 27 series series NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 115 28 change change NN cord-302127-1abupl36 115 29 point point NN cord-302127-1abupl36 115 30 detection detection NN cord-302127-1abupl36 115 31 Centers Centers NNPS cord-302127-1abupl36 115 32 for for IN cord-302127-1abupl36 115 33 Disease Disease NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 115 34 Control Control NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 115 35 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 115 36 Prevention Prevention NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 115 37 Key Key NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 115 38 Strategies Strategies NNPS cord-302127-1abupl36 115 39 to to TO cord-302127-1abupl36 115 40 Prepare prepare VB cord-302127-1abupl36 115 41 for for IN cord-302127-1abupl36 115 42 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 115 43 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 115 44 Long long JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 115 45 - - HYPH cord-302127-1abupl36 115 46 term term NN cord-302127-1abupl36 115 47 Care Care NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 115 48 Facilities Facilities NNPS cord-302127-1abupl36 115 49 ( ( -LRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 115 50 LTCFs LTCFs NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 115 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 115 52 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 116 1 2020 2020 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 116 2 Nursing nursing NN cord-302127-1abupl36 116 3 homes home NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 116 4 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 116 5 COVID-19 covid-19 VB cord-302127-1abupl36 116 6 : : : cord-302127-1abupl36 116 7 we -PRON- PRP cord-302127-1abupl36 116 8 can can MD cord-302127-1abupl36 116 9 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 116 10 should should MD cord-302127-1abupl36 116 11 do do VB cord-302127-1abupl36 116 12 better well RBR cord-302127-1abupl36 116 13 Rapid Rapid NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 116 14 Risk Risk NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 116 15 Assessment Assessment NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 116 16 : : : cord-302127-1abupl36 116 17 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 116 18 disease disease NN cord-302127-1abupl36 116 19 2019 2019 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 117 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 117 2 COVID-19 covid-19 VB cord-302127-1abupl36 117 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 117 4 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 117 5 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 117 6 EU EU NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 117 7 / / SYM cord-302127-1abupl36 117 8 EEA EEA NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 117 9 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 117 10 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 117 11 UK UK NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 117 12 - - HYPH cord-302127-1abupl36 117 13 ninth ninth JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 117 14 update update NN cord-302127-1abupl36 117 15 European European NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 117 16 Centre Centre NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 117 17 for for IN cord-302127-1abupl36 117 18 Disease Disease NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 117 19 Prevention Prevention NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 117 20 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 117 21 Control Control NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 117 22 Data Data NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 117 23 on on IN cord-302127-1abupl36 117 24 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 117 25 geographic geographic JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 117 26 distribution distribution NN cord-302127-1abupl36 117 27 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 117 28 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 117 29 cases case NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 117 30 worldwide worldwide RB cord-302127-1abupl36 118 1 A a DT cord-302127-1abupl36 118 2 European european JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 118 3 roadmap roadmap NN cord-302127-1abupl36 118 4 to to IN cord-302127-1abupl36 118 5 lifting lift VBG cord-302127-1abupl36 118 6 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-302127-1abupl36 118 7 containment containment NN cord-302127-1abupl36 118 8 measures measure NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 119 1 chngpt chngpt NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 119 2 : : : cord-302127-1abupl36 119 3 threshold threshold NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 119 4 regression regression NN cord-302127-1abupl36 119 5 model model NN cord-302127-1abupl36 119 6 estimation estimation NN cord-302127-1abupl36 119 7 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 119 8 inference inference NN cord-302127-1abupl36 119 9 Google Google NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 119 10 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 119 11 community community NN cord-302127-1abupl36 119 12 mobility mobility NN cord-302127-1abupl36 119 13 reports report NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 120 1 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 120 2 Government Government NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 120 3 Response Response NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 120 4 Tracker Tracker NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 120 5 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 121 1 Blavatnik Blavatnik NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 121 2 School School NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 121 3 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 121 4 Government Government NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 121 5 Oxford Oxford NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 121 6 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 121 7 Government Government NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 121 8 Response Response NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 121 9 Tracker Tracker NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 121 10 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 122 1 What what WP cord-302127-1abupl36 122 2 's be VBZ cord-302127-1abupl36 122 3 Changed change VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 122 4 ? ? . cord-302127-1abupl36 123 1 Adoption adoption NN cord-302127-1abupl36 123 2 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 123 3 impact impact NN cord-302127-1abupl36 123 4 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 123 5 nonpharmaceutical nonpharmaceutical JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 123 6 interventions intervention NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 123 7 for for IN cord-302127-1abupl36 123 8 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 123 9 Estimating estimate VBG cord-302127-1abupl36 123 10 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 123 11 number number NN cord-302127-1abupl36 123 12 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 123 13 infections infection NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 123 14 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 123 15 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 123 16 impact impact NN cord-302127-1abupl36 123 17 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 123 18 nonpharmaceutical nonpharmaceutical JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 123 19 interventions intervention NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 123 20 on on IN cord-302127-1abupl36 123 21 COVID-19 covid-19 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 123 22 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 123 23 11 11 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 123 24 European european JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 123 25 countries country NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 123 26 Impact Impact NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 123 27 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 123 28 non non JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 123 29 - - JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 123 30 pharmaceutical pharmaceutical JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 123 31 interventions intervention NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 123 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 123 33 NPIs NPIs NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 123 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-302127-1abupl36 123 35 to to TO cord-302127-1abupl36 123 36 reduce reduce VB cord-302127-1abupl36 123 37 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 123 38 mortality mortality NN cord-302127-1abupl36 123 39 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 123 40 healthcare healthcare NN cord-302127-1abupl36 123 41 demand demand NN cord-302127-1abupl36 123 42 Effectiveness Effectiveness NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 123 43 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 123 44 isolation isolation NN cord-302127-1abupl36 123 45 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 123 46 testing testing NN cord-302127-1abupl36 123 47 , , , cord-302127-1abupl36 123 48 contact contact NN cord-302127-1abupl36 123 49 tracing tracing NN cord-302127-1abupl36 123 50 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 123 51 physical physical JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 123 52 distancing distancing NN cord-302127-1abupl36 123 53 on on IN cord-302127-1abupl36 123 54 reducing reduce VBG cord-302127-1abupl36 123 55 transmission transmission NN cord-302127-1abupl36 123 56 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 123 57 SARS SARS NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 123 58 - - HYPH cord-302127-1abupl36 123 59 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 123 60 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 123 61 different different JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 123 62 settings setting NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 123 63 COVID-19-We COVID-19-We NNPS cord-302127-1abupl36 123 64 urgently urgently RB cord-302127-1abupl36 123 65 need need VBP cord-302127-1abupl36 123 66 to to TO cord-302127-1abupl36 123 67 start start VB cord-302127-1abupl36 123 68 developing develop VBG cord-302127-1abupl36 123 69 an an DT cord-302127-1abupl36 123 70 exit exit NN cord-302127-1abupl36 123 71 strategy strategy NN cord-302127-1abupl36 123 72 A a DT cord-302127-1abupl36 123 73 language language NN cord-302127-1abupl36 123 74 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 123 75 environment environment NN cord-302127-1abupl36 123 76 for for IN cord-302127-1abupl36 123 77 statistical statistical JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 123 78 computing computing NN cord-302127-1abupl36 123 79 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 124 1 Vienna Vienna NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 124 2 : : : cord-302127-1abupl36 125 1 R R NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 125 2 Foundation Foundation NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 125 3 for for IN cord-302127-1abupl36 125 4 Statistical Statistical NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 125 5 Computing Computing NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 125 6 hglm hglm NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 125 7 : : : cord-302127-1abupl36 125 8 a a DT cord-302127-1abupl36 125 9 package package NN cord-302127-1abupl36 125 10 for for IN cord-302127-1abupl36 125 11 fitting fit VBG cord-302127-1abupl36 125 12 hierarchical hierarchical JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 125 13 generalized generalized JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 125 14 linear linear JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 125 15 models model NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 125 16 StataCorp StataCorp NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 125 17 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 126 1 Stata Stata NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 126 2 Statistical Statistical NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 126 3 Software Software NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 126 4 : : : cord-302127-1abupl36 126 5 Release release VB cord-302127-1abupl36 126 6 16 16 CD cord-302127-1abupl36 126 7 . . . cord-302127-1abupl36 127 1 College College NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 127 2 Station Station NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 127 3 : : : cord-302127-1abupl36 127 4 StataCorp StataCorp NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 127 5 LLC LLC NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 128 1 On on IN cord-302127-1abupl36 128 2 familial familial JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 128 3 longitudinal longitudinal JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 128 4 Poisson Poisson NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 128 5 mixed mixed JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 128 6 models model NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 128 7 with with IN cord-302127-1abupl36 128 8 gamma gamma JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 128 9 random random JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 128 10 effects effect NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 128 11 Nursing nursing NN cord-302127-1abupl36 128 12 homes home NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 128 13 or or CC cord-302127-1abupl36 128 14 besieged besiege VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 128 15 castles castle NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 128 16 : : : cord-302127-1abupl36 129 1 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 129 2 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 129 3 northern northern JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 129 4 Italy Italy NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 129 5 World World NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 129 6 Health Health NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 129 7 Organization Organization NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 129 8 Statement Statement NNP cord-302127-1abupl36 129 9 -Invest -Invest . cord-302127-1abupl36 129 10 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 129 11 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 129 12 overlooked overlooked JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 129 13 and and CC cord-302127-1abupl36 129 14 unsung unsung JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 129 15 : : : cord-302127-1abupl36 129 16 build build VB cord-302127-1abupl36 129 17 sustainable sustainable JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 129 18 people people NNS cord-302127-1abupl36 129 19 - - HYPH cord-302127-1abupl36 129 20 centred centre VBN cord-302127-1abupl36 129 21 long long JJ cord-302127-1abupl36 129 22 - - HYPH cord-302127-1abupl36 129 23 term term NN cord-302127-1abupl36 129 24 care care NN cord-302127-1abupl36 129 25 in in IN cord-302127-1abupl36 129 26 the the DT cord-302127-1abupl36 129 27 wake wake NN cord-302127-1abupl36 129 28 of of IN cord-302127-1abupl36 129 29 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP