Summary of your 'study carrel' ============================== This is a summary of your Distant Reader 'study carrel'. The Distant Reader harvested & cached your content into a collection/corpus. It then applied sets of natural language processing and text mining against the collection. The results of this process was reduced to a database file -- a 'study carrel'. The study carrel can then be queried, thus bringing light specific characteristics for your collection. These characteristics can help you summarize the collection as well as enumerate things you might want to investigate more closely. This report is a terse narrative report, and when processing is complete you will be linked to a more complete narrative report. Eric Lease Morgan Number of items in the collection; 'How big is my corpus?' ---------------------------------------------------------- 66 Average length of all items measured in words; "More or less, how big is each item?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11983 Average readability score of all items (0 = difficult; 100 = easy) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 Top 50 statistically significant keywords; "What is my collection about?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 42 european 24 European 11 Europe 6 country 5 disease 5 Health 5 COVID-19 4 patient 3 study 3 population 3 effect 3 datum 3 covid-19 3 bat 3 United 3 States 3 Safety 3 Germany 3 Food 3 Commission 3 Authority 2 risk 2 result 2 rabbit 2 objective 2 human 2 high 2 health 2 document 2 clinical 2 cancer 2 Union 2 RNA 2 Member 2 FDA 2 EFSA 2 China 2 CVD 2 Article 2 Africa 1 year 1 woman 1 wave 1 virus 1 tumour 1 treatment 1 tourist 1 terrorism 1 technique 1 support Top 50 lemmatized nouns; "What is discussed?" --------------------------------------------- 2252 % 2080 country 2038 study 1645 disease 1529 patient 1397 health 1382 risk 1343 effect 1317 case 1294 datum 1236 level 1172 author 1153 document 1127 population 1034 result 977 system 975 imaging 937 policy 907 information 896 year 895 time 851 right 844 development 822 group 770 research 767 conclusion 761 analysis 754 method 749 number 741 plant 739 control 725 model 704 product 703 use 700 virus 657 change 656 treatment 636 issue 627 cell 625 rate 623 role 620 factor 618 activity 614 procedure 608 objective 608 cancer 602 region 586 area 585 body 584 response Top 50 proper nouns; "What are the names of persons or places?" -------------------------------------------------------------- 1904 al 1571 et 1513 . 1496 European 1140 Authority 1132 EU 794 Europe 690 Food 671 Safety 536 RNA 521 miRNAs 516 CT 444 US 374 COVID-19 370 MRI 364 ICH 336 author(s 333 Health 321 States 297 EFSA 287 mg 278 Germany 269 miRNA 260 Cu 250 Commission 246 Union 242 Member 230 EC 229 United 228 ncRNAs 223 kg 221 WHO 215 Italy 212 ABSTRACT 202 siRNA 199 MR 194 Background 185 France 180 Committee 163 Directive 162 • 158 Table 157 Netherlands 154 ▸ 153 EMA 152 China 152 Africa 148 Spain 148 I&S 147 World Top 50 personal pronouns nouns; "To whom are things referred?" ------------------------------------------------------------- 2610 it 1487 we 923 they 316 them 219 i 82 us 75 itself 66 one 65 you 56 he 55 themselves 24 she 14 him 8 me 6 ourselves 6 himself 5 its 4 oneself 3 's 2 yourself 2 srnas 2 herself 2 em 1 theirs 1 pseudonyms 1 mine 1 ia2-ib2 1 hr)ct 1 bmi<25 Top 50 lemmatized verbs; "What do things do?" --------------------------------------------- 25701 be 5801 have 1903 use 1258 include 1078 increase 1019 provide 915 base 878 follow 875 show 868 consider 860 do 826 identify 778 adopt 724 develop 708 find 596 make 589 address 586 relate 577 report 571 reduce 566 take 548 associate 546 regard 540 compare 516 need 514 reach 502 produce 496 support 473 carry 469 require 468 allow 466 publish 429 assess 422 establish 413 suggest 397 give 393 affect 384 lead 382 become 373 see 368 evaluate 367 improve 363 perform 354 present 352 reserve 351 describe 347 occur 346 comply 328 discuss 327 involve Top 50 lemmatized adjectives and adverbs; "How are things described?" --------------------------------------------------------------------- 2712 not 1854 also 1546 high 1415 - 1382 other 1365 more 1354 european 1163 present 1131 such 1022 different 907 well 884 new 828 only 824 most 804 clinical 781 however 777 low 715 specific 711 public 697 first 680 important 630 economic 595 out 570 as 561 non 541 national 539 many 521 e.g. 519 human 511 large 490 social 487 possible 473 several 473 long 468 global 467 small 435 common 427 significant 420 international 415 very 409 key 409 available 398 early 387 subject 385 same 374 further 371 exogenous 371 even 360 general 359 major Top 50 lemmatized superlative adjectives; "How are things described to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 287 most 162 good 145 least 143 high 110 Most 63 large 48 low 34 late 21 big 19 strong 18 small 17 great 17 bad 8 early 6 young 6 close 5 poor 4 wide 4 short 4 long 4 deadly 4 common 3 fast 2 strict 2 safe 2 rich 2 old 2 heavy 2 deep 2 -Which 1 wealthy 1 warm 1 stiff 1 southernmost 1 slow 1 simple 1 sick 1 new 1 needy 1 near 1 fine 1 easy 1 clear 1 HbA1 1 /s42439 1 -the 1 -lack Top 50 lemmatized superlative adverbs; "How do things do to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 537 most 56 least 28 well 2 hard 1 strongest 1 long 1 highest 1 greatest 1 fast Top 50 Internet domains; "What Webbed places are alluded to in this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16 doi.org 5 www 4 ec.europa.eu 3 creativecommons.org 2 www.oie.int 2 www.fao.org 2 www.eans.org 2 ec.europa 2 creat 2 apps.who.int 1 zikalliance.tghn.org 1 www.usaid.gov 1 www.sgh.org.sa 1 www.sfda.gov.sa 1 www.sens-it-iv.eu 1 www.salus 1 www.rsna.org 1 www.reach-compliance.eu 1 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov 1 www.mix-for-meta-analysis.info 1 www.kff.org 1 www.frontiersin.org 1 www.foodstandards.gov.au 1 www.emerge.rki.eu 1 www.dehp-facts.com 1 www.compare-europe.eu 1 uknowledge.uky.edu 1 trade.cites 1 tntcat.iiasa.ac.at 1 thenounproject.com 1 t.co 1 rna.tbi.univie.ac.at 1 reportingwiki.rsna.org 1 regulusrx.com 1 ready.arl.noaa 1 lamapoll 1 higiene.med.up.pt 1 eur-agri-ssps.boku.ac.at 1 eur-agri-ssps 1 dx.doi.org 1 depts 1 csntool.wingsoverwetlands.org 1 critical-sites.wetlands.org 1 creativecommons 1 cordis.europa.eu 1 cordis Top 50 URLs; "What is hyperlinked from this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------- 5 http://www 5 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.21.20213868 5 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.10.20127738 3 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 2 http://ec.europa.eu/ 2 http://ec.europa 2 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04 2 http://creat 1 http://zikalliance.tghn.org/about/ 1 http://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1860/EU% 1 http://www.sgh.org.sa 1 http://www.sfda.gov.sa/ 1 http://www.sens-it-iv.eu/ 1 http://www.salus 1 http://www.rsna.org/Reporting_Initiative.aspx 1 http://www.reach-compliance.eu/english/legislation/docs/launchers/launch-annex-1-67-548-EEC.html 1 http://www.oie.int/wahis_2/public/ 1 http://www.oie.int/eng/normes/ 1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gorf/gorf.html 1 http://www.mix-for-meta-analysis.info 1 http://www.kff.org/globalhealth-policy/poll-finding/data-note-americans-views-on-the-u-s-role-in-global-health/ 1 http://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets 1 http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/consumer/gmfood/Pages/Response-to-Heinemann-et-al-on-theregulation-of-GM-crops-and-foods-developed-using-gene-silencing.aspx 1 http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/TP 1 http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/ 1 http://www.emerge.rki.eu/ 1 http://www.eans.org/news/494847/EANS-Presidents-Message-on-Corona-Virus-Feedback.htm 1 http://www.eans.org/default.aspx 1 http://www.dehp-facts.com/upload/documents/webpage/document32.pdf 1 http://www.compare-europe.eu/about 1 http://uknowledge.uky.edu/plantpath_etds/21 1 http://trade.cites 1 http://tntcat.iiasa.ac.at/SspDb 1 http://thenounproject.com 1 http://t.co/tbVb4MAGpy 1 http://rna.tbi.univie.ac.at 1 http://reportingwiki.rsna.org/ 1 http://regulusrx.com/wpcontent/uploads/2016/11/2016-AASLD-RG-101-PK-and-Safety-in-ESRD-vs-Normal.pdf 1 http://ready.arl.noaa 1 http://lamapoll 1 http://higiene.med.up.pt/eye/ 1 http://eur-agri-ssps.boku.ac.at 1 http://eur-agri-ssps 1 http://ec.europa.eu/justice_home/ 1 http://ec.europa.eu/environment/chemicals/dansub/consolidated_en.htm 1 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2014.12.001 1 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.01.20087023 1 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.17.20068775 1 http://doi.org/10.1038/ 1 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2020.102159 Top 50 email addresses; "Who are you gonna call?" ------------------------------------------------- 2 jibilbao@unav.es 2 nicholas.screaton@papworth.nhs.uk 1 wickramasinghek@who.int 1 werner.jaschke@i-med.ac.at 1 w.niessen@erasmusmc.nl 1 vsber@mail.ru 1 vmiele@sirm.org 1 tupsons@gmail.com 1 tlammers@ukaachen.de 1 thomas.hany@gmail.com 1 t.yousry@ucl.ac.uk 1 stefan.rohde@klinikumdo.de 1 smakap@sbb.rs 1 silvio.aime@unito.it 1 sebastian.leschka@kssg.ch 1 rodriguesdasilvabred@who.int 1 rippinh@who.int 1 ramiro.mendez@salud.madrid.org 1 raija.seuri@hus.fi 1 r.m.pijnappel@umcutrecht.nl 1 r.jager@ucl.ac.uk 1 r.batterham@ucl.ac.uk 1 prof_yudin@mail.ru 1 peter.mildenberger@unimedizin-mainz.de 1 petecavanagh@gmail.com 1 pauljf@ccml.fr 1 paul.parizel@uantwerpen.be 1 opiany@gmail.com 1 olivier.clement@inserm.fr 1 o.m.vandelden@amc.uva.nl 1 mstoopen@clinicalomas.com.mx 1 mscaglione@tiscali.it 1 mraissaki@yahoo.gr 1 michaela.davis@ucd.ie 1 michael.fuchsjaeger@medunigraz.at 1 medma_pa@mail.ru 1 martine.remy@chru-lille.fr 1 marion.smits@erasmusmc.nl 1 margyrop@cc.uoi.gr 1 marcus.hacker@meduniwien.ac.at 1 marco.rengo@gmail.com 1 manfred.cejna@lkhf.at 1 m.roethke@dkfz.de 1 m.p.vandenheuvel@umcutrecht.nl 1 luis.lanca@estesl.ipl.pt 1 lnatale@rm.unicatt.it 1 katja.pinker@meduniwien.ac.at 1 katarina.koprivsek@gmail.com 1 karmazanovsky@ixv.ru 1 karen.kinkel-trugli@wanadoo.fr Top 50 positive assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-noun?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 323 authority is subject 7 documents were finally 5 information is available 5 studies were further 4 countries do not 4 data are available 4 data are not 4 imaging is also 3 % had never 3 countries are not 3 country was not 3 data were available 3 effect was not 3 effects were not 3 imaging is essential 3 imaging is now 3 information is not 3 results are robust 3 studies are available 3 studies have also 3 study does not 2 % was male 2 cases is not 2 cases were more 2 countries are mainly 2 countries are part 2 countries did not 2 countries was also 2 country has also 2 data are already 2 data are often 2 disease is highly 2 disease is not 2 disease was first 2 documents have also 2 documents were initially 2 effect is also 2 effect is not 2 eu does not 2 group are more 2 group reported improvement 2 groups are not 2 health is not 2 imaging is frequently 2 imaging is important 2 imaging is increasingly 2 imaging is useful 2 information regarding tumour 2 information supporting food 2 levels were higher Top 50 negative assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-no|not-noun?" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 data are not always 1 % have no mutation 1 % showed no difference 1 authors did not sufficiently 1 cases is not accurate 1 cases is not available 1 cases were not effectively 1 countries are not equally 1 countries have no register 1 country is not so 1 country was not higher 1 country were not independent 1 data are not available 1 developments are not inevitable 1 disease is not only 1 diseases are not currently 1 diseases is not widespread 1 document was not specifically 1 effect is not negative 1 effect is not permanent 1 effect was not significantly 1 effects are not usually 1 effects were not significantly 1 eu has no competence 1 groups are not homogenous 1 groups are not separate 1 groups did not always 1 groups showed no significance 1 imaging is not able 1 information is not necessary 1 level have not always 1 patient is not strongly 1 patients are no longer 1 patients is not only 1 patients is not well 1 patients regarding not only 1 populations is not density 1 results are not fully 1 results showed no differences 1 results were not significant 1 right is not necessarily 1 risk was not statistically 1 risks are not well 1 studies are not consistent 1 studies does not correctly 1 studies provide no evidence 1 studies provides no evidence 1 studies show no significant 1 study does not directly 1 study reports no intestinal A rudimentary bibliography -------------------------- id = cord-280733-d44se0v3 author = Aguiar de Sousa, Diana title = Maintaining stroke care in Europe during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results from an international survey of stroke professionals and practice recommendations from the European Stroke Organisation date = 2020-06-10 keywords = care; european; stroke summary = As part of an effort to reduce the consequences of this outbreak on health service delivery to stroke patients, the European Stroke Organisation has undertaken a survey aimed at collecting information on the provision of stroke care during the pandemic. Among European respondents, 289 (77%) reported that not all stroke patients were receiving the usual care in their centres and 266 (71%) estimated that functional outcomes and recurrence rates of stroke patients would be negatively affected by the organisational changes caused by the pandemic. As part of the ongoing effort to reduce the consequences of COVID-19 on health service delivery to stroke patients, the European Stroke Organisation (ESO) has undertaken a survey aimed at collecting information on the current provision of stroke care. Because Italy and Spain were the most affected countries in Europe at the time of the survey, sensitivity analyses excluding respondents from other countries were performed for items related with delivery of stroke care and availability of personal protective equipment. doi = 10.1177/2396987320933746 id = cord-016140-gvezk8vp author = Ahonen, Pasi title = Safeguards date = 2008 keywords = Article; Data; Directive; European; Member; Protection; RFID; datum; information; privacy summary = An example is the EC-supported CONNECT project, which aims to implement a privacy management platform within pervasive mobile services, coupling research on semantic technologies and intelligent agents with wireless communications (including UMTS, WiFi and WiMAX) and context-sensitive paradigms and multimodal (voice/graphics) interfaces to provide a strong and secure framework to ensure that privacy is a feasible and desirable component of future ambient intelligence applications. The fast emergence of information and communication technologies and the growth of online communication, e-commerce and electronic services that go beyond the territorial borders of the Member States have led the European Union to adopt numerous legal instruments such as directives, regulations and conventions on ecommerce, consumer protection, electronic signature, cyber crime, liability, data protection, privacy and electronic communication … and many others. doi = 10.1007/978-1-4020-6662-7_5 id = cord-334810-hw1aijwf author = Banyard, Ashley C. title = Repeated detection of European bat lyssavirus type 2 in dead bats found at a single roost site in the UK date = 2009-10-20 keywords = EBLV-2; european summary = In August 2007, European bat lyssavirus type 2 (EBLV-2) was isolated from a Daubenton''s bat found at Stokesay Castle. However, studies with EBLV-1 infection in the natural host, Eptesicus serotinus, showed no substantial pattern of virus distribution in different non-neuronal organs in bats that developed disease [7] . Whilst this is widely documented for larger species, low levels of viable virus or viral RNA detected in saliva swabs tested during experimental studies with different bat lyssaviruses highlight the difficulty in determining the importance of this route of transmission for virus dissemination within a roost [5, 11, 14] . Detection of high levels of European bat lyssavirus type-1 viral RNA in the thyroid gland of experimentally infected Eptesicus fuscus bats Experimental infection of Serotine bats (Eptesicus serotinus) with European bat lyssavirus type 1a (EBLV-1a) Experimental study of European bat lyssavirus type-2 infection in Daubenton''s bats (Myotis daubentonii) doi = 10.1007/s00705-009-0504-8 id = cord-259236-8ezfke9z author = Baruah, H. K. title = An Empirical Inference of the Severity of Resurgence of COVID-19 in Europe date = 2020-10-23 keywords = european summary = In this article, we are going to analyze the current COVID-19 spread patterns in Italy, the UK, Germany, Russia, Spain and France. However, we have to note that in India and the USA, the spread is retarding while in these six European countries that kind of retardations took place months ago, and thereafter it has started to move towards resurgence -the so called second wave. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.21.20213868 doi: medRxiv preprint In Russia, have shown a straight increasing trend which is very unusual in the growth of an epidemic. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.21.20213868 doi: medRxiv preprint In Spain, Table-5, the situation is different from that in Italy, the UK, Germany and Russia. However, the pattern in the second wave of the epidemic is different in the sense that ∆ ‫ݖ‬ ሺ ‫ݐ‬ ሻ in these six European countries has been showing an increasing trend instead of a decreasing trend as was observed in earlier studies. doi = 10.1101/2020.10.21.20213868 id = cord-295467-9fnis6ci author = Botella, Leticia title = The European race of Gremmeniella abietina hosts a single species of Gammapartitivirus showing a global distribution and possible recombinant events in its history date = 2014-12-12 keywords = Gremmeniella; MS1; RNA; european summary = title: The European race of Gremmeniella abietina hosts a single species of Gammapartitivirus showing a global distribution and possible recombinant events in its history Phylogenetic analysis based on 46 partial coat protein (CP) cDNA sequences divided the GaRV-MS1 population into two closely related clades, while RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) sequences revealed only one clade. (2) to analyse their genetic diversity and population structure; and (3) to assess evolutionary processes, such as recombination and selection, to better understand possible host-virus coevolution. The Spanish isolate of Gremmeniella abietina H1-4 was chosen for determination of the full-length sequence of a putative new strain of GaRV-MS1 (GenBank accession numbers for the CP, RdRp, and the unknown protein III: KJ786411eKJ786413). abietina appears to be composed of a single species (GaRV-MS1) with low genetic variability, which is seemingly stable within the different populations of the fungal host. doi = 10.1016/j.funbio.2014.12.001 id = cord-319066-jdvvegp9 author = Bressan, Silvia title = Preparedness and response to Pediatric CoVID-19 in European Emergency Departments: a survey of the REPEM and PERUKI networks date = 2020-05-15 keywords = covid-19; european summary = Preparedness and response were defined, based on consensus of the research team, as organizational and operational actions taken by EDs to face the pandemic, including contingency plans, training, screening of suspected cases, surge capacity, availability and use of personal protective equipment, ED infection control measure, care pathways and management of suspected cases, health professionals safety and sustainability of care. Adjustments implemented to best manage suspected/confirmed COVID-19 patients included cancellation of planned activity (i.e. outpatient visits, surgery or hospital admissions) in 90% or more of participating centers; reorganization of beds in other pediatric wards in 75%, and telemedicine in nearly 70%. Infection control measures were more consistently reported in the survey, including re-arrangement of ED patient flow, changing of staff work shift to optimize resource utilization, reduction in the number of care givers allowed with the child and home quarantine for confirmed COVID-19 pediatric cases fit for discharge. doi = 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2020.05.018 id = cord-347182-oj3v1x99 author = Catala, M. title = Robust estimation of diagnostic rate and real incidence of COVID-19 for European policymakers date = 2020-05-06 keywords = CFR; case; country; european summary = While total deaths immediately indicate that countries like Italy and Spain have the worst situation as of mid April 2020, on its own, reported cases do not provide a correct picture of the situation. Then we discuss our key assumption: the real 41 case fatality rate (CFR) in European countries experiencing a significative incidence will 42 be roughly the same, given the similar structure of the population. Using this rate is straightforward to give a present-day estimate of the 63 incidence given the number of reported infected people in each country as long as we 64 can observe that the rate of diagnosis remains fairly constant. This value can 86 be compared with the number of cases detected 18 days ago, obtaining a diagnostic depending on the availability of tests, saturation of the health system and other 91 external factors, countries have a great variability in the time of diagnosis delay. doi = 10.1101/2020.05.01.20087023 id = cord-029402-5gun91ep author = Celi, Giuseppe title = A fragile and divided European Union meets Covid-19: further disintegration or ‘Hamiltonian moment’? date = 2020-07-17 keywords = Europe; Germany; european summary = Despite being symmetric in its very nature, the Covid-19 shock is affecting European economies in a very asymmetric way, threatening to deepen the divide between core and peripheral countries even more. Trying to answer these questions, we shall briefly review the institutional and structural causes of the increasing divergence between core and SP, shedding light on three momentous events: the creation of the monetary union, the 2008 financial crisis and the Covid-19 shock. To conclude, the two peripheries-the Southern one, made up of the Mediterranean economies, and the Eastern one, with the prominent role of the Visegrad countries-suffer from different fragilities, which descend from their common, albeit diverse, economic and financial dependence on the core. Special international conditionsnamely, China''s huge growth, which gobbled up German capital goods and highquality durable consumer products (particularly cars), and the vigorous American recovery-supported Germany''s ability to redirect its trade flows, expand its market shares outside the EMU, and make a speedy return to its pre-crisis production levels. doi = 10.1007/s40812-020-00165-8 id = cord-026037-0gg9fm7x author = Corradetti, Claudio title = Reflecting on the EU: the Good and the Bad Times, and Those That Are Yet to Come date = 2020-06-04 keywords = Treaty; european summary = The reference is to the shift from the temporary measures adopted through the Second, linked to the former, is the recent populist turn of some EU national Constitutional Courts who have started replacing standards once based on "common constitutional traditions" with the promotion of a "constitutional identity." 9 The result has been a retreat from a shared European constitutional pattern based on liberal values of freedom and fundamental rights to self-referential legitimations of national autocracies. Since the inception of the European project, the Preamble of the Treaty Establishing the European Coal and Steel Community (1951) , echoing Schuman''s Declaration, stated that "Europe can be built only through real practical achievements which will first of all create real solidarity […]". One where the political imagination of the peoples of Europe will find institutional expression through forms of representation mediated by States, citizens, and European supranational values. doi = 10.1007/s42439-020-00017-y id = cord-029160-z2sxr3dx author = Coveri, Andrea title = Supply chain contagion and the role of industrial policy date = 2020-07-14 keywords = China; european; italian; production summary = Therefore, the first channel through which the pandemic has affected the global economy concerns the interruption of the supply chains, hitting what has been identified as the productive heart of the world, that is East Asia, and China in particular (Buckley and Strange 2015) . Unsurprisingly, with the outbreak of the pandemic, this complex global interconnection of production-and the crucial role that the "factory of the world" plays in this context-has prompted part of the economic literature to warn about the need for many countries to promote supplier diversification with the aim of reducing their dependence on imports of intermediate goods from China (Javorcik 2020; Monga 2020). Finally, an industrial policy aimed at strengthening the position of European national industries in the value chains of strategic productions could help reduce the social and economic costs and risks of hyper-specialization. doi = 10.1007/s40812-020-00167-6 id = cord-035132-6hih3qoy author = Crosier, David title = Evolving Social Dimension of the European Higher Education Area date = 2020-07-26 keywords = Bologna; European; Process; education summary = In this document, ministers agree to ''enhance the social dimension of higher education, improve gender balance and widen opportunities for access and completion, including international mobility, for students from disadvantaged backgrounds.'' (Bologna Process 2015) . Within the Bologna Process, the main discussion focuses on the need to develop strategies and actions to improve access to, participation in and completion of higher education for members of these groups. Despite discussion and commitment for national strategies and action plans (Bologna Process 2007a) , there are few countries that have actually made a conscious effort to develop genuine social dimension strategies in the European higher education Area. Some of the fee funding is thus redistributed to low income and other under-represented groups through specific measures at institutional level, while higher education institutions also take other action in terms of service provision to support disadvantaged students. doi = 10.1007/978-3-030-56316-5_11 id = cord-301856-71syce4n author = Domínguez-Andrés, Jorge title = Impact of Historic Migrations and Evolutionary Processes on Human Immunity date = 2019-11-27 keywords = african; disease; european; genetic; human; population summary = With the burst of next-generation sequencing and the development of cutting-edge technologies such as transcriptomics, proteomics, and systems biology, we are starting to witness the great impact of evolutionary processes on human immunity and how the interactions between microorganisms and humans that took place millennia ago might play a fundamental role not only in the response against modern pathogenic threats, but also in the emergence of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases observed in modern populations worldwide. Specific genetic variants selected throughout different periods of human history may have influenced immune responses of present-day populations against pathogenic microorganisms and may have played a role in the development of certain inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Patients with African ancestry present a higher frequency of MTB-related genetic variants than individuals from other populations, including variants in the gene encoding for Toll-like receptor 6 (TLR6), mediating cellular responses to bacterial Malaria is one of the greatest causes of morbidity and mortality in the history of humanity. doi = 10.1016/j.it.2019.10.001 id = cord-315157-2p45frlk author = Donell, Simon T. title = Preparation for the next COVID-19 wave: The European Hip Society and European Knee Associates recommendations date = 2020-08-17 keywords = COVID-19; European; patient; wave summary = PURPOSE: To plan for the continuance of elective hip and knee arthroplasty during a resurgence or new wave of COVID-19 infections. The recommendations focus on the preparation phase and, in particular, the actions that the individual surgeon needs to undertake to continue with, and practice, elective arthroplasty during the next wave, as well as planning their personal and their family''s lives. CONCLUSIONS: The recommendations for planning to continue elective hip and knee arthroplasty during a new phase of the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic provide a framework to reduce the risk of a complete shutdown of elective surgery. The aim is to help orthopaedic surgeons across Europe (and a wider global audience) with a special interest in elective hip and knee arthroplasty prepare for the resurgence or new outbreak of COVID-19 in their locality. This paper reports the recommendations for individual surgeons on how to prepare for a new lockdown to minimise this impact on their elective hip and knee arthroplasty practice. doi = 10.1007/s00167-020-06213-z id = cord-022889-lv6fy6e6 author = Dávalos, Alberto title = Literature review of baseline information on non‐coding RNA (ncRNA) to support the risk assessment of ncRNA‐based genetically modified plants for food and feed date = 2019-08-07 keywords = Arabidopsis; Authority; EFSA; European; Food; Juliano; MIR2911; PCR; RNA; Safety; author; cell; document; effect; exogenous; figure; follow; human; miRNAs; plant; present; right; study; support summary = This report suggests that some plant ncRNAs (e.g miRNAs and siRNAs) show higher stability as compared to other ncRNAs due to peculiar chemical characteristics (2''‐O‐methylation at 3'' end).However, ingested or administered ncRNA must overcome many extracellular and cellular barriers to reach the intended target tissue or functional location in sufficient amount to exert any biological effect. Finally, the publications reporting the outcome of two EFSA procurements aiming respectively at investigating and summarising the state of knowledge on the mode-of-action of dsRNA and miRNA pathways, the potential for non-target gene regulation by dsRNA-derived siRNAs or miRNAs, the determination of siRNA pools in plant tissues and the importance of individual siRNAs for silencing 6 ; and reviewing relevant scientific information on RNA interference that could serve as baseline information for the environmental risk assessment of RNAi-based GM plants ) 7 were also used. doi = 10.2903/sp.efsa.2019.en-1688 id = cord-271765-altqn10l author = Fernández-Díaz, Elena title = Exploring WHO Communication during the COVID 19 Pandemic through the WHO Website Based on W3C Guidelines: Accessible for All? date = 2020-08-05 keywords = European; Health; WCAG summary = Therefore, any communication must be understandable and accessible by all types of people, regardless of their technology, language, culture or disability (physical or mental), according to the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), taking on special relevance for public health content. Moreover, it is surprising that the average duration of visits has also increased, so it can be said that the WHO website has been and is a reference for consultation on public health on a global level, especially in times of pandemics This search result confirms that the WHO has a social responsibility to provide quality content and information that is accessible to all types of people, since as the network evolves, different challenges are being addressed, resulting in a continuous need for relationships and trust [29] . doi = 10.3390/ijerph17165663 id = cord-325155-lqzgz6p3 author = Gallo, Juan E. title = Hypertension and the roles of the 9p21.3 risk locus: classic findings and new association data date = 2020-09-15 keywords = CVD; Supplementary; european; risk summary = Two adjacent haplotype blocks characterize the 9p21.3 cardiovascular risk locus: left, the block or island containing the first part of the p15 gene and its wellcharacterized promoter, in which we observed clearly elevated associations (red) with blood pressure (DBP, SBP) and/or hypertension in a Colombian and a European study sample, and right, the block hypertension and BP association ''Hypertension island'' * (haplotype block < 60 kb) Lead CVD risk SNPs (haplotype block < 60 kb) Furthermore, in the European blood pressure studies [15, 16] genome-wide significance of DBP associations was attained, outside of the classic 9p21.3 CVD risk locus and its flanking regions, in the next gene MTAP (see Figure 2 and Theory), with a lowest p-value of 1.3 × 10 −10 for the sentinel SNP rs4364717 (red asterisk and red horizontal bar at left in Figure 2 ; see also the LocusZoom plot in Supplementary Material S3.2) . doi = 10.1016/j.ijchy.2020.100050 id = cord-016322-dyjpfvvf author = Gardner, Anthony Luzzatto title = Foreign Aid and Humanitarian Assistance date = 2019-12-10 keywords = Africa; Commission; Ebola; European; States; United summary = We are committed to develop and implement an effective global early warning system and response network for new and re-emerging communicable diseases such as AIDS and the Ebola virus, and to increase training and professional exchanges in this area. And in December the US Congress overwhelmingly supported legislation providing $5.4 billion in emergency funding for the CDC and other health services, the State Department, and USAID; much of this funding was earmarked for the prevention, detection, and response to the Ebola crisis in West Africa, as well for efforts to assist in the region''s recovery. Ensuring that all people in sub-Saharan Africa have access to electricity by 2030, one of the UN''s Sustainable Development Goals, will require a major effort by the region''s governments and the international community, above all the United States and the European Union. doi = 10.1007/978-3-030-29966-8_12 id = cord-031090-dd8z7stt author = Giosa, Penelope title = Exploitative Pricing in the Time of Coronavirus—The Response of EU Competition Law and the Prospect of Price Regulation date = 2020-07-15 keywords = Commission; European; price summary = It discusses the practical and conceptual difficulties that excessive pricing cases involve, especially under the current urgent circumstances that coronavirus has caused, and it assesses the remedies that the NCAs and the European Commission can impose in order to deal with price gouging. Section II discusses Article 102 (a) TFEU, the provision of the EU competition law that the NCAs and the 10 European Commission could enforce in order to ensure that consumers are not paying inflated prices during the coronavirus crisis. 30 This means that the NCAs could possibly follow the same line of reasoning as the European Commission in the aforementioned decision and try to establish "transitory market power", in order to establish that the sellers of goods in high demand due to the coronavirus outbreak hold a dominant position in the relevant markets. doi = 10.1093/jeclap/lpaa029 id = cord-271269-0gimxteg author = Gourtsoyannis, John title = COVID-19: Possible reasons for the increased prevalence of Olfactory and Gustatory dysfunction observed in European studies date = 2020-05-31 keywords = european summary = title: COVID-19: Possible reasons for the increased prevalence of Olfactory and Gustatory dysfunction observed in European studies A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t Dear Editor, Leurs et al describe the interesting observation that the reported prevalence of olfactory and gustatory symptoms seems to be substantially higher in European COVID-19 cohorts compared to East Asia cohorts. If this correlates with the increasing prevalence of olfactory/gustatory dysfunction then the possibility is therefore raised that the European mutation profile represent a clinically distinct strain, associated with a different symptom profile to the reference Wuhan virus. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in wuhan, china Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate forms of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a multicenter European study Comparative genetic analysis of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV/SARS-CoV-2) receptor ACE2 in different populations doi = 10.1093/cid/ciaa685 id = cord-020941-1qwbkg9o author = HODDLE, MARK S. title = Biological Control of Vertebrate Pests date = 2007-09-02 keywords = Australia; Linnaeus; New; RCD; Zealand; control; european; population; rabbit summary = Historical records indicate that the majority of attempts at vertebrate biological control have been ad hoc efforts and not the product of careful studies designed to elucidate factors and conditions likely to affect the impact of natural enemy introductions on pest populations. Biological control should be fostered internationally because many countries experience similar problems (e.g., rabbits are agricultural pests in Argentina, Australia, Chile, Europe, and New Zealand; rats, cats, and dogs attack endangered faunas on many oceanic islands; feral pigs and goats in New Zealand, Australia, and the United States degrade habitat and threaten endangered flora). Rabbit populations in Australia and New Zealand are maintained at low levels by introduced predators, but regulation only occurs after pest numbers have been reduced by other means. doi = 10.1016/b978-012257305-7/50085-0 id = cord-293542-o0zspgrk author = Ippolito, G. title = Facing the threat of highly infectious diseases in Europe: the need for a networking approach date = 2014-12-12 keywords = Europe; European; disease summary = Recently, many global alarms involving infectious diseases-such as the anthrax crisis in the USA, the emergence of SARS, the pandemic threat posed by the highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1), and the cases of imported or autochthonous viral haemorrhagic fever (VHFs) in Europe-have highlighted the need to improve preparedness for these highly infectious diseases (HIDs), also in order to increase certain aspects of what is perceived in many areas as an issue of collective and national security [5] . For these reasons, creating new networks and enhancing those functioning well should be strongly promoted, in order to: 1 ensure a rapid and effective response to health threats deriving from natural infection by or deliberate release of HID agents; 2 stimulate complementarity and prevent duplication; 3 promote international cooperation, exchange of experience, good practice and protocols; 4 support the less prepared countries in the European Community. doi = 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.02876.x id = cord-022903-08ugoxns author = Jensen, Bent Borg title = Extensive Literature Search on the ‘Effects of Copper intake levels in the gut microbiota profile of target animals, in particular piglets’ date = 2016-05-02 keywords = Authority; European; Food; Safety; effect summary = It may be concluded from the experiments that supplementing piglet and growing pigs diet with low additional copper amounts (below 50 mg/kg Cu) seems to inhibit the population of coliform bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract. It may be concluded from the experiments that supplementing piglet and growing pigs diet with low additional copper amounts (below 50 mg/kg Cu) seems to inhibit the population of coliform bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract. In study CH18 (Kim et al., 1993) a significant reduction in the population of coliform bacteria in broiler SI content was found by the addition of 100 mg/kg Cu as Cu-methionine to the diet while it had no effect at a concentration of 50 mg/kg. Supplementing pig diets with copper concentrations above 170 mg/kg as CuSO 4 has a reducing effect on the population of lactobacilli in the gastrointestinal tract of as well piglets as growing pigs. doi = 10.2903/sp.efsa.2016.en-1024 id = cord-275209-j0za3g3p author = Kaden, V. title = Retrospective serological survey on selected viral pathogens in wild boar populations in Germany date = 2008-10-17 keywords = PPV; european summary = The objective of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the occurrence of porcine parvovirus (PPV), Aujeszky''s disease virus (ADV), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and swine influenza virus (SIV) in selected wild boar populations in Germany (n = 1,221). Furthermore, serological investigations in individual wild boar populations in Germany have revealed the presence of different other viral agents, e.g. Aujeszky''s disease virus (ADV, pseudorabies virus; Dedek et al. The objective of this study was to retrospectively assess the occurrence of infections with ADV, PRRSV, PPV, SIV, porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV), and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) in wild boar populations of different vaccination areas. The present investigations support these intentions and were performed with the aim to retrospectively examine the epidemiological situation with regard to various pathogens (ADV, PRRSV, PPV, SIV, PRCV and TGEV) in selected wild boar populations over different years in Germany. doi = 10.1007/s10344-008-0229-0 id = cord-007476-wu9tuvy9 author = Katz, Jonathan B. title = Antigenic differences between European and American isolates of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) are encoded by the carboxyterminal portion of viral open reading frame 3 date = 2000-03-10 keywords = Lelystad; PRRSV; american; european summary = title: Antigenic differences between European and American isolates of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) are encoded by the carboxyterminal portion of viral open reading frame 3 Antigenic differences between European and American isolates of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) were revealed by serologic analysis of a recombinant protein derived from PRRSV open reading frame 3 (ORF 3). Sera from rabbits inoculated with BP03-P failed to neutralize both the European (Lelystad) and American (ATCC VR-2332) reference isolates of PRRSV and did not react by IPMA with PRRSV-infected cell cultures. Sera from rabbits inoculated with BPO3-P failed to neutralize both the European (Lelystad) and American ( ATCC VR-2332) reference isolates of PRRSV and did not react by IPMA with PRRSV-infected cell cultures. Two of the rabbit antipeptide sera were reproducibly reactive by western immunoblot with a diffuse (40 to 45 kDa) band of antigen found in homogenates of MARC-145 cells infected 16 h previously with the Lelystad isolate (Fig. 4) . doi = 10.1016/0378-1135(94)00113-b id = cord-354738-4rxradwz author = Kohl, Claudia title = European Bats as Carriers of Viruses with Zoonotic Potential date = 2014-08-13 keywords = Europe; MERS; bat; european summary = In this review, selected viruses detected and isolated in Europe are discussed from our point of view in regard to their human-pathogenic potential. Various publications reviewed bats globally as carriers and potential reservoir hosts of human-pathogenic and zoonotic viruses [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] , while hardly anything is known about human-pathogenicity of European bat viruses apart from lyssaviruses. Similar to the case of the LLOV filovirus, virus isolates and prevalence studies in both humans and bats could improve knowledge and clarify their zoonotic potential. Sero-prevalence studies should be conducted on the orthoreoviruses isolated from European bats, especially as a closely related virus was detected in a diseased child in Slovenia [83] . Other bat viruses detected by using molecular techniques should be isolated (e.g., MERS-like CoV or Bat Bunyavirus) to allow for characterization and follow-up sero-prevalence studies. doi = 10.3390/v6083110 id = cord-290351-5sct52t4 author = Kujundžić Tiljak, Mirjana title = Is there a better future of healthy aging? date = 2020-04-17 keywords = european; health summary = Active and healthy aging is a common problem in all European countries but could also be an opportunity for Europe to spearhead the quest for innovative solutions. The Conference aims to promote research and innovations that improve health and well-being of the aging population, as well as to initiate discussion on transformation of health and care services into more digitalized, long-term, integrated, and personalized care models, while promoting innovative ecosystems in order to deliver a better quality of life among the elderly. Smart ICT solutions and advanced artificial intelligence (AI) can be used to provide personalized health care and social services, overcome immobility, cognitive, and vision problems, and improve general quality of life. The possible solutions to overcome disparities in the availability of technological developments and health and digital literacy of the elderly in different European countries and regions are particularly important. doi = 10.3325/cmj.2020.61.75 id = cord-304056-2bo0s0hz author = Lezotre, Pierre-Louis title = Part I State of Play and Review of Major Cooperation Initiatives date = 2014-12-31 keywords = APEC; ASEAN; Committee; Community; EMA; European; FDA; GCC; GMP; Health; ICH; Member; SADC; States; Steering summary = ▸ To maintain a forum for a constructive dialogue between regulatory authorities and the pharmaceutical industry on the real and perceived differences in the technical requirements for product registration in the EU, US, and Japan in order to ensure a more timely introduction of new medicinal products, and their availability to patients; ▸ To contribute to the protection of public health from an international perspective (added upon revision in 2000); ▸ To monitor and update harmonized technical requirements leading to a greater mutual acceptance of research and development data; ▸ To avoid divergent future requirements through harmonization of selected topics needed as a result of therapeutic advances and the development of new technologies for the production of medicinal products; ▸ To facilitate the adoption of new or improved technical research and development approaches which update or replace current practices, where these permit a more economical use of human, animal, and material resources, without compromising safety; ▸ To facilitate the dissemination and communication of information on harmonized guidelines and their use such as to encourage the implementation and integration of common standards. doi = 10.1016/b978-0-12-800053-3.00002-1 id = cord-292093-6pp9l4j2 author = Li, Yan title = The role of the IDEMV in predicting European stock market volatility during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-09-03 keywords = HAR; european summary = title: The role of the IDEMV in predicting European stock market volatility during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) has additional predictive ability for European stock market volatility during the COVID-19 pandemic. The main purpose of this paper is to explore whether the IDEMV has additional predictive ability for European stock market realized volatility (RV) during the global pandemic. In addition to the HAR extension models used by Buncic and Gisler (2016) , we also consider two competitive models (i.e., HAR-USRV-IDEMV and HAR-ALL) to examine the predictive ability of IDEMV for the three European stock markets. The out-of-sample results suggest that the IDEMV contains useful information in predicting the RVs of the FCHI and FTSE indices during the global pandemic, while ineffective for German stock market. It is evident that during the COVID-19 the IDEMV contains useful information and the HAR-ALL model has the best predictive ability. doi = 10.1016/j.frl.2020.101749 id = cord-017024-7amhia06 author = Lidfors, Lena title = The welfare of laboratory rabbits date = 2007 keywords = Batchelor; Bell; Morton; Stauffacher; european; rabbit summary = The aim of this chapter is to present the most recent knowledge about the laboratory rabbit''s biology, behavioural needs, optimal environment, housing, feeding, care, handling, health and experimental techniques, in order to ensure their optimum welfare. Studies of natural, free-ranging and enclosed populations in Australia, New Zealand and United Kingdom have shown that European wild rabbits live in small, stable, territorial breeding groups (Parer 1977 , Gibb et al. Both wild rabbits and domestic strains have reproductive seasonality, suckle their young only once every 24 h, show two main feeding periods at dawn and dusk, form breeding groups with separate linear dominance hierarchies among male and female members, and reproduce successfully with the female digging breeding burrows, building nests for their young and covering the entrance to the burrows with soil (Bell 1984) . doi = 10.1007/978-1-4020-2271-5_10 id = cord-262038-lgdsi48m author = Lin, Feng title = Evaluating the different control policies for COVID-19 between mainland China and European countries by a mathematical model in the confirmed cases date = 2020-04-22 keywords = China; european summary = title: Evaluating the different control policies for COVID-19 between mainland China and European countries by a mathematical model in the confirmed cases Determination of the parameters in the model is based on the epidemic bulletin supplied by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and National Health Commission of the People''s Republic of China (NHC) from Jan 16 2020 to Mar 5 2020. National Health Commission of the People''s Republic of China (NHC) in Mainland China, the outbreak of COVID-19 in mainland China is almost under control, while in European countries the epidemic situation is severe as the number of deaths increases rapidly [6] . Though the simulation result is different from the observed data, mainly in the increase rate, the relative quantity of r 2 and ρ in China and European countries implies whether the epidemic control policies is rigorous. doi = 10.1101/2020.04.17.20068775 id = cord-024349-f8hm9v9g author = MICKLITZ, Hans-W. title = The COVID-19 Threat: An Opportunity to Rethink the European Economic Constitution and European Private Law date = 2020-04-23 keywords = covid-19; european summary = 7 The COVID-19 threat has opened a window of opportunity for transgressing boundaries, for thinking the unthinkable: a fundamental revision of the European Economic Constitution and therewith European private law. There will be lessons to learn as to who will benefit from the crisis -Member State politics, national governments, multinationals, online business, transport of goodsand who will suffer: the EU as an institution, the European legal order based on the four freedoms and competition, national parliaments, small and medium-sized companies and non-essential economic sectors. The COVID-19 threat provides critical legal scholarship with a unique opportunity, despite all of the current and future uncertainties and speculations, to move far beyond the mainstream understanding of the economic constitution and private law. doi = 10.1017/err.2020.42 id = cord-022910-kjs6je2u author = Martel, Cyril title = Bibliographic review on the potential of microorganisms, microbial products and enzymes to induce respiratory sensitization date = 2010-10-29 keywords = Article; Authority; EFSA; European; Food; Safety; document; regulation summary = In 1996, a cross-sectional study of 178 bakery workers in the Netherlands found a positive association between positive skin prick tests to alpha-amylase and work-related respiratory symptoms [120] , establishing conclusively the strong and positive relationship between alpha-amylase allergen exposure levels in bakeries and specific sensitization in bakery workers. Interesting case reports on amylase include a double sensitization to lysozyme and amylase in a baker with rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma [135], a sensitization occuring from infrequent contact with the enzyme in a lab technician showing symptoms localized on her hands without nasal or respiratory effects [136] , and one case of occupational allergic contact urticaria from fungal but not bacterial alpha-amylase [137] . In-silico work: n/a Allergens of a similar class outside of food and feed area: n/a Other routes of exposure: Kanerva et al [163] described the case of a chemical enzyme factory process operator presenting symptoms of itching and dermatitis. doi = 10.2903/sp.efsa.2010.en-75 id = cord-308821-j4vylbhy author = Martin, R. title = The role of law in pandemic influenza preparedness in Europe date = 2009-03-04 keywords = Europe; European; Health; public summary = The individual nation states within Europe are signatories to the International Health Regulations 2005, but the capacity of states to undertake measures to control communicable disease is constrained by their obligations to comply with EU law. To assist in drawing together national responses to pandemic disease, the PHLawFlu project c was funded to develop public health law expertise across Europe, 2 and to examine the legal underpinning of pandemic disease preparedness across the EU and five further European states. In an attempt to identify the extent to which there is variation in public health legal powers and the consequences of such variation for public health in Europe, the PHLawFlu project is examining the role of national laws in the control of and protection against pandemic human influenza across Europe. doi = 10.1016/j.puhe.2009.01.002 id = cord-299741-tbtlnv8b author = Massó Sagüés, Elena title = Risk of Introduction of Infectious Animal Diseases for Europe Based on the Health Situation of North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula date = 2019-09-04 keywords = European; Union; disease summary = The main objective of this work is to evaluate the risk of entry of animal infectious zoonotic and non-zoonotic diseases from North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula to countries of the European Union. The results show that, among the infectious diseases analyzed in this study, avian influenza and Newcastle disease are the ones with a higher risk of entry in the European Union and the wild bird''s migration is the route with greater impact. The main objective of this work is to evaluate the risk of entry of animal infectious zoonotic and non-zoonotic diseases from North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula to countries of the European Union by different pathways. For the study of the possible introduction of vector borne diseases through the drag of Culicoides and/or mosquitoes by wind currents, simulations (Figure 2 ) are made for the estimation of wind and particle''s dispersion trajectories that reached the European territory during the year 2016. doi = 10.3389/fvets.2019.00293 id = cord-271687-sxl8g85p author = Mathews, Fiona title = Chapter 8 Zoonoses in Wildlife: Integrating Ecology into Management date = 2009-03-14 keywords = United; bat; european; population summary = This review examines the pathways linking zoonoses in wildlife with infection in other hosts, using examples from a range of key zoonoses, including European bat lyssaviruses and bovine tuberculosis. For example, bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in the United Kingdom undoubtedly has a reservoir in wild badger populations, and the direct cost of the disease to agriculture is projected to reach £1 billion by 2011 (Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), 2004). Examples of recent successes include the control of canine distemper virus in black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) (Williams et al., 1988) , and rabies in African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) (Hofmayer et al., 2004) and Ethiopian wolves (Canis simensis) (Haydon et al., 2004) . It proposes that a shift to ecologically based control, explicitly considering the natural history of wildlife hosts and their pathogens, is crucial in minimising the risk presented to humans, domestic animals and endangered species from zoonoses. doi = 10.1016/s0065-308x(08)00608-8 id = cord-354884-q8634dyc author = Mitter, Hermine title = Shared Socio-economic Pathways for European agriculture and food systems: The Eur-Agri-SSPs date = 2020-09-19 keywords = Agri; Eur; agriculture; european; ssp summary = Goal and purpose Extend and enrich the SSPs by providing a regional (Europe) and a sectoral component (agriculture and food) in a systematic way Provide a set of alternative future developments of the European agriculture and food systems Provide a set of plausible storylines capturing future key uncertainties Provide a solid basis for integrated assessments of agriculture and food systems to increase comparability of their results Stimulate discussion between various actors with different interests, backgrounds and professional activities Main target groups Scientists from the climate change, agricultural, food and integrated assessment research communities working at European to national scales Policy makers in European agriculture and food systems Decision makers in the private sector (e.g., supply chain managers) Thematic focus Describe worlds in which socio-economic, environmental and technological drivers make it harder or easier to mitigate or adapt to climate change in agriculture and food systems or to tackle other sustainability issues Spatial scale Europe, with differentiations between nations or agri-environmental zones kept to a minimum Time scale 2050 with optional extension to 2100 Scenario type Qualitative storylines, semi-quantitative specifications of trends, problem-focused Quality criteria Plausibility, consistency (vertical and horizontal), salience, legitimacy, richness, creativity H. doi = 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2020.102159 id = cord-025724-ea09nbkh author = Mitzner, Veera title = Conclusion and Further Thoughts date = 2020-05-30 keywords = Commission; Europe; Research; Science; european summary = 13 In 2012, the Commission defined ERA as "a unified research area open to the world based on the Internal Market, in which researchers, scientific knowledge and technology circulate freely and through which the Union and its Member States strengthen their scientific and technological bases, their competitiveness and their capacity to collectively address grand challenges." 14 ERA was launched in the political framework of the Lisbon European Council of March 2000, where the EU set itself the new strategic goal of becoming "the most competitive and dynamic knowledge-based economy in the world capable of sustainable economic growth, with more and better jobs and greater social cohesion." 15 In Lisbon, research and development were drawn to the center of the EU''s strategy for achieving its goal by 2010. doi = 10.1007/978-3-030-41395-8_10 id = cord-289555-1z4vbldd author = Mühldorfer, Kristin title = Diseases and Causes of Death in European Bats: Dynamics in Disease Susceptibility and Infection Rates date = 2011-12-28 keywords = Germany; bat; european; specie summary = Comparative analysis of pathological findings and microbiological results show that microbial agents indeed have an impact on bats succumbing to infectious diseases, with fatal bacterial, viral and parasitic infections found in at least 12% of the bats investigated. The clear seasonal and individual variations in disease prevalence and infection rates indicate that maternity colonies are more susceptible to infectious agents, underlining the possible important role of host physiology, immunity and roosting behavior as risk factors for infection of bats. In this study, we provide new data on infectious diseases in European bat species, considering factors likely to affect the susceptibility of bats to infectious agents including effects of seasonality, individual and species-specific heterogeneities, and possible intra-and inter-species transmission dynamics. Comparative bacteriologic and histo-pathologic analysis identified 22 different bacterial species that were clearly associated with pathological lesions and/or systemic infection, found in 17% (n = 73) of bats investigated bacteriologically ( Table 5) . doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0029773 id = cord-268661-a56u5e2o author = Nadeau, S. A. title = The origin and early spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Europe date = 2020-06-12 keywords = Europe; SARS; european summary = Here we analyze viral genome sequences using a phylodynamic model with geographic structure to estimate the origin and spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Europe prior to border closures. Based on SARS-CoV-2 genomes, we reconstruct a partial transmission tree of the early pandemic, including inferences of the geographic location of ancestral lineages and the number of migration events into and between European regions. Here, we fit a phylodynamic model with geographic structure to full-length SARS-CoV-2 genomes to (i) estimate the early patterns of SARS-CoV-2 spread into and across Europe, (ii) weigh genomic evidence for competing hypotheses about the geographic origin of the predominant A2a lineage in Europe, (iii) report on the epidemiological parameters, and (iv) compare the rate of new cases arising from within-region transmission versus migration during the early epidemic. doi = 10.1101/2020.06.10.20127738 id = cord-319365-v75pvlka author = Navajas-Romero, Virginia title = Comparing working conditions and job satisfaction in hospitality workers across Europe date = 2020-07-23 keywords = Europe; country; european; job; satisfaction summary = The research seeks: (i) to analyze the different models of working conditions-what likely leads to differences in perceived job satisfaction-that exist in Europe; and (ii) to explore whether these models differ among the clusters of countries based on institutional characteristics identified in the previous literature. From these objectives, the following research question is derived: Does the clustering of European countries according to institutional characteristics correctly reflect the differences in labor conditions and subsequently job satisfaction across Europe? The main objective of the empirical analysis is to determine whether the classification of countries based on the institutional context adequately reflects the different models of working conditions-and subsequently differing levels of job satisfaction-existing in Europe in the tourism sector, and if not, to propose a more appropriate classification of countries. doi = 10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102631 id = cord-353775-ogb56xg9 author = Palomino, Juan C. title = Wage inequality and poverty effects of lockdown and social distancing in Europe date = 2020-08-11 keywords = Europe; european; inequality summary = Under four different scenarios (2 months of lockdown and 2 months of lockdown plus 6 months of partial functioning of closed occupations at 80%, 70% and 60% of full capacity) we estimate for 29 European countries an average increase in the headcount poverty index that goes from 4.9 to 9.4 percentage points and a mean loss rate for poor workers between 10% and 16.2%. To estimate the impact of social distancing on wage inequality and poverty across Europe, we concentrate on the legal restrictions (supply side) due to the closure of non-essential occupations and workers not being able to perform their activities at home during the lockdown period. The first step to measure the changes in wage inequality and poverty across Europe due to lockdown is to calculate the index of teleworking at the occupational level. doi = 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2020.103564 id = cord-148358-q30zlgwy author = Pang, Raymond Ka-Kay title = An analysis of network filtering methods to sovereign bond yields during COVID-19 date = 2020-09-28 keywords = MST; european; network summary = We find that the average correlation between sovereign bonds within the COVID-19 period decreases, from the peak observed in the 2019-2020 period, where this trend is also reflected in all network filtering methods. The advantages in using filtering methods is the extraction of a network type structure from the financial correlations between sovereign bonds, which allows the properties of centrality and clustering to be considered. In consequence, the correlation-based networks and hierarchical clustering methodologies allow us to understand the nature of financial markets and some features of sovereign bonds. We apply in Section 3 the filtering methods to sovereign bond yields and analyze the trend of financial correlations over the last decade and consider aspects of the network topology. In this paper, we consider the movements of European sovereign bond yields for network filtering methods, where we particularly focus on the COVID-19 period. doi = nan id = cord-306184-wfvc35l5 author = Perrin, Christophe title = Europe should lead in coordinated procurement of quality-assured medicines for programmes in low-income and middle-income countries date = 2020-07-26 keywords = european summary = If a donor does not prioritise QA requirements in pharmaceutical procurement policies, and does not foresee a dedicated budget line to secure quality, its aid implementers might choose supply channels that are not fully reliable, or they might purchase medicines that are not subject to stringent regulation even if they are authorised in the recipient country. ► European donors should share existing knowledge and tools, seek the input of recipient countries, and develop a joint position on how the donor community can help to ensure access to affordable and qualityassured health products-also during public health emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic. If all European donors and their aid implementers would apply stringent and harmonised QA requirements in their procurement policies, they could contribute to shaping the market of LMICs towards affordable and quality assured products. doi = 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003283 id = cord-268082-znfo9xgv author = Picek, Oliver title = Spillover Effects From Next Generation EU date = 2020-10-24 keywords = European; Generation summary = By capturing a share of economic output from Southern and Eastern European member states that receive more grants, the economies of Northern and Western Europe grow by more than the respective portion of their contributions would suggest. The largest and most economically signifi cant part of the Next Generation EU package (€312.5 billion) will be paid out as grants to member states by the new European Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF), a post-COVID-19 EU reconstruction programme. 4 Loans have been criticised for not being an effective way to add expenditure to the economy as they merely refi nance national expenditure that would have taken place anywaygiven the accommodating reaction of the European Central 2 Initially, the data by country was restricted to internal European Commission and member state documents, but leaked to the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (Kafsack, 2020) and later recalculated by Darvas (2020a,b,c) . doi = 10.1007/s10272-020-0923-z id = cord-023993-rncleqqy author = Ramírez, J. Martín title = Long-Lasting Solutions to the Problem of Migration in Europe date = 2020-03-12 keywords = Africa; Europe; Mediterranean; border; country; european; migrant; migration summary = In a previous publication on the refugee crisis in Europe and its security challenges, I concluded that a global problem like this one could not be solved without an adequate orderly, and controlled immigration policy, creating systematic and controlled arrival and integration programs, because the mental structure of European societies is not prepared to face a disorderly increase in migration flows (Ramirez 2017 (Ramirez , 2019 . A key move to avoid the "calling effect" is to guarantee security and economic agreements -migration control has to be paid with money-, with those countries migrants transit through in their way to Europe, preventing them from leaving its coasts and returning to their country of origin those people whose asylum in the EU has been denied. doi = 10.1007/978-3-030-43253-9_10 id = cord-034205-53i2tw65 author = Richau, Lukas title = The sky is the limit?! Evaluating the existence of a speculative bubble in European football date = 2020-10-24 keywords = Kindleberger; League; Premier; club; european; football summary = By applying the Kindleberger-Minsky model to European football, the study is conceptual in nature, which is complemented by quantitative key indicators used to assess the risk of a speculative bubble in other industries (e.g., the housing market). Managers might assign a different weight to the various performance measures, which increases the extent of subjectivity in player valuations and transfer fee negotiations (for further information about judgments in markets that lack objective criteria, see Karpik 2011; Maurer and Mikl-Horke 2015) Hence, the selling and purchasing clubs might differ in their judgments regarding a fair price. In line with this discussion, we use transfer fees as a price indicator to examine the existence of a speculative bubble, by applying the Kindleberger-Minsky model to the football market. The recent development of transfer fees in European football-in particular the rapid increase from 2014/2015 to 2017/2018-has followed a pattern resembling historical speculative bubbles as described by the Kindleberger-Minsky model. doi = 10.1007/s11573-020-01015-8 id = cord-350164-dzma5ye7 author = Rippin, Holly L. title = Disrupted food systems in the WHO European region – a threat or opportunity for healthy and sustainable food and nutrition? date = 2020-07-23 keywords = European; Region; food summary = These opportunities and threats are focused around four key areas: NCDs and health systems; dietary behaviour; food insecurity and vulnerable groups; and food supply mechanisms. Now with the pandemic, the challenges to food systems in the WHO European Region have been exacerbated, demanding from all levels of government swift adaptations to manage healthiness, availability, accessibility and affordability of food. Cities and governments in the Region should capitalize on this unique opportunity to ''build back better'' and make bold and lasting changes to the food system and consequently to the health and wellbeing of people and sustainability of the planet. The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, together with the public health outcomes of widespread lockdown measures, create a perfect storm for NCD risk factors including obesity and poor diet, physical inactivity, alcohol consumption and tobacco use. The current pandemic poses significant challenges to food systems in the WHO European Region, demanding from all levels of government, particularly cities, swift adaptations to manage the healthiness, availability, accessibility and affordability of food. doi = 10.1007/s12571-020-01079-y id = cord-330296-706hf4qw author = Romette, J. L. title = The European Virus Archive goes global: A growing resource for research date = 2018-10-31 keywords = EVAg; European; virus summary = Abstract The European Virus Archive (EVA) was created in 2008 with funding from the FP7-EU Infrastructure Programme, in response to the need for a coordinated and readily accessible collection of viruses that could be made available to academia, public health organisations and industry. The European Virus Archive (EVA) was created in 2008 with funding from the FP7-EU Infrastructure Programme, in response to the need for a coordinated and readily accessible collection of viruses that could be made available to academia, public health organisations and industry (Gould et al., 2012) . In fact, besides the EVAg, we are unaware of any non-profit organization that is concerned with facilitating reliable access globally to viruses and associated reagents from individual virus collections for research and/or diagnostic laboratories, teaching centres or industries involved in the production of diagnostic reagents, pharmaceuticals and vaccines solely for the benefit of science, in a safe and carefully regulated manner. doi = 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.07.017 id = cord-330180-lvn4hqk5 author = Rosenkötter, Nicole title = Twentieth anniversary of the European Union health mandate: taking stock of perceived achievements, failures and missed opportunities – a qualitative study date = 2013-11-14 keywords = European; Health; Union summary = In this paper, we aim to explore and provide an overview of influential public health relevant EU-level policy outputs and a summary of policy outputs or actions perceived as an achievement, a failure or a missed opportunity by interviewing key experts in the field. The study was carried out in two consecutive phases: (1) qualitative interviews, suitable to identify expert perceptions, and (2) voting on influential and public health relevant EU policy outputs and actions based on nominal group technique. The third rank is shared by three policy outputs: the "Framework for action in the field of public health" [43] (n = 5) which is the Commission''s first proposal setting out EU-level public health after the introduction of the health mandate in the Maastricht Treaty, the Council conclusions "Towards modern, responsive and sustainable health systems" [44] (n = 5), and the current over-arching European strategy "Europe 2020" [45] (n = 5). doi = 10.1186/1471-2458-13-1074 id = cord-320773-zisujjsx author = Sabat, Iryna title = United but divided: policy responses and people''s perceptions in the EU during the COVID-19 outbreak date = 2020-06-22 keywords = France; Italy; covid-19; european summary = It was particularly pronounced for intrusive policy measures, such as mobile data use for movement tracking, economic concerns, and trust in the information from the national government. In order to understand the public sentiment towards the COVID-19 containment measures and to inform future policy development, we collected information on people''s support for these policies, their worries in relation to the unfolding epidemic, and their trust in different sources of information. Overall, a north-south gradient could often be noticed in the EU regarding policy support: people living in the southern states (Portugal, Italy, and France) tended to approve of the containment policies more than residents in the northern countries (Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands). The first insights obtained from the data showed that containment and mitigating policies undertaken by national governments in response to the initial stages of the COVID-19 pandemic were generally wellreceived by the population in all countries covered by the survey. doi = 10.1016/j.healthpol.2020.06.009 id = cord-322078-cli7mpev author = Schaller, Karl title = Neurosurgeons in the Corona crisis: striving for remedy and redemption. A message from the president of the EANS date = 2020-03-27 keywords = country; european summary = All together that will be put on a very big bill, once all will be over, and it will take a long time to reinstall confidence in our political leadership, in our idea of a Europe without limits in humanity, as a model for the world, and as THE place to be. There is a significant lack of doctors and of nursing staff, and in terms of access to ICU-beds with ventilators in some countries, whereas in others, the situation seems to be less precarious. Other countries on the other hand, were deprived of their medical staff due to more precarious general economic situations, with doctors and nurses following the westward stream toward politically more transparent and wealthier countries. We have to provide an example to show how to stand together, across all national borders, and with the optimism of pragmatic and generous people, who we should always strive to be. doi = 10.1007/s00701-020-04306-9 id = cord-330749-xt4aa2ur author = Schilling, Stefan title = Isolation Facilities for Highly Infectious Diseases in Europe – A Cross-Sectional Analysis in 16 Countries date = 2014-10-28 keywords = HID; european; facility summary = The term highly infectious diseases (HID) defines mostly viral and bacterial infections that (i) are easily transmissible from person to person; (ii) cause a life-threatening clinical illness with no or few treatment options; and (iii) pose a threat for both health care workers and the public, thus requiring specific infection control measures and public health planning [1] . Despite such efforts, no pooled data on isolation facilities resources, such as infrastructure design, technical equipment, capacity and access to intensive care, do exist. The study presented was performed by the European Network for Highly Infectious Diseases, EuroNHID, and set up to compare the operational management, resources, and technical equipment among isolation facilities with recommendations published. Infection control management of patients with suspected highly infectious diseases in emergency departments: data from a survey in 41 facilities in 14 European countries doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0100401 id = cord-316050-mqrx003q author = Seabra, Claudia title = The influence of terrorism in tourism arrivals: A longitudinal approach in a Mediterranean country date = 2020-01-31 keywords = Portugal; Spain; country; european; terrorism; tourist summary = The main results show that terrorist attacks have a strong impact on tourist arrivals and confirm the existence of terrorism spillover, namely the substitution and generalization effects phenomena. The decline in tourists'' arrivals and receipts caused by terrorism is well documented in several countries and regions since the 90s and has affected countries like Spain (Enders & Sandler, 1991) , European countries ( (Enders, Sandler, & Parise, 1992; Radić, Dragičević, & Sotošek, 2018) , the Mediterranean region (Drakos & Kutan, 2003) , non-democratic countries and Africa (Blomberg, Hess, & Orphanides, 2004) , the USA (Bonham, Edmonds, & Mak, 2006; Goodrich, 2002) , Israel (Eckstein & Tsiddon, 2004; Fleisher & Buccola, 2002; Morag, 2006; Pizam & Fleischer, 2002) , Italy (Greenbaum & Hultquist, 2006) , Nepal (Baral, Baral, & Nigel, 2004) , Ireland (O''Connor, Stafford, & Gallagher, 2008) , Fiji and Kenya (Fletcher & Morakabati, 2008) , Nigeria (Adora, 2010) ; Turkey (Feridun, 2011; Ozsoy & Sahin, 2006) , Pakistan (Raza & Jawaid, 2013) , the Middle East (Bassil, 2014) , the Caribbean (Lutz & Lutz, 2018) , Tunisia (Lanouar & Goaied, 2019) , and worlwide (Liu & Pratt, 2017; Llorca-Vivero, 2008; Neumayer & Plümper, 2016) . Terrorism in Greece, Germany, and France positively affects tourist arrivals from America, while terrorist events occurred in Israel, Russia and Spain will have a negative effect on the number of American tourists who choose Portugal as their destination. doi = 10.1016/j.annals.2019.102811 id = cord-129016-i0096vhj author = Simha, Ashutosh title = A simple Stochastic SIR model for COVID 19 Infection Dynamics for Karnataka: Learning from Europe date = 2020-03-26 keywords = european summary = In this short note we model the region-wise trends of the evolution to COVID-19 infections using a stochastic SIR model. We first derive the parameters of the model from the available daily data from European regions based on a 24-day history of infections, recoveries and deaths. This parameter is a lumped constants which is meant to account for: (a) the population size, (b) reproduction number R 0 of COVID-19, and (c) exposure-factor (which depends on mobility, precautionary measures, etc.). The parameters of the SIR model were optimized based on the data obtained for different European regions and India. The SIR model has been simulated and the parameters have been optimized based on the infection trends obtained for European countries for 24 days, and India for 8 days (after 15 th March, when the infections started to show an exponential trend). The Italy and average European parameters have been used to project the future trends for the state of Karnataka. doi = nan id = cord-308284-r546ypur author = Simpson, Shmona title = Navigating facilitated regulatory pathways during a disease X pandemic date = 2020-10-23 keywords = European; FDA; Medicines; clinical; product summary = Several potential regulatory scenarios may exist and co-exist during an epidemic: for example, (a) de-novo candidates requiring rapid development and regulatory assessment (b) de-novo products requiring assessment when the typical package of clinical efficacy data may not be available, (c) approval of de novo or repurposed products for "emergency" use only in specific populations (d) for compassionate use in specific (e.g., "named") individuals of an unauthorized medicine (e) conditional or accelerated authorization before the completion of efficacy studies or, (f) use of a licensed product outside of its approved use (e.g., for another indication, dosage regimen, or population). Conditional term-limited approval 22 FDA''s Expanded Access (EA) is a program designed for patients with an immediately life-threatening disease to access a product that has clinical trial data (putatively showing an acceptable benefit-risk profile)-but does not yet have marketing authorization. doi = 10.1038/s41541-020-00249-5 id = cord-304887-7ly692to author = Skoczkowski, Tadeusz title = Technology Innovation System analysis of decarbonisation options in the EU steel industry date = 2020-08-28 keywords = European; I&S; Innovation; TIS; energy; industry; r&d summary = Global political agreement on the urgency of GHG emission reduction Broad consensus of all actors on the need to decarbonise the I&S industry Actors, institutions are well established in multiannual historical processes Low interest of public opinion in technology innovation in the I&S industry as such, but the high expectation to reduce environmental harm Visibility of effects of environment protection measures build-ups of local support, e.g. reduction of air pollution EU and national environmental targets, e.g. GHG emission reduction, set indirectly the targets on I&S industry decarbonisation Development of positive externalities Acknowledged societal importance, national and local, e.g. retaining jobs Flow of knowledge among different TISs, e.g. RES-energy, chemical industry, cement industry, automobile, construction, resulting in mutual benefits Strong complementarians among technologies, e.g. steel-hydrogen-RES, electrolysis-RES; in by-products utilisation, e.g. cement industry Large potential contribution to the circular economy Participation in global trend to the decarbonisation of EII Realising the potential for GHG emission reduction and energy and material efficiency 6. doi = 10.1016/j.energy.2020.118688 id = cord-275912-p979bnvu author = Thiberville, Simon-Djamel title = Diagnostic issues and capabilities in 48 isolation facilities in 16 European countries: data from EuroNHID surveys date = 2012-09-25 keywords = European; isolation summary = CONCLUSIONS: The discrepancies among the referral centers surveyed between the level of practices and the European Network of Infectious Diseases (EUNID) recommendations have multiple reasons of which the interest of the individuals in charge and the investment they put in preparedness to emerging outbreaks. The specific mission of EuroNHID is to prepare and support isolation facilities to provide appropriate infection control measures and strategies for health care worker (HCW) safety during care to patients with suspected and confirmed HIDs. The appropriate management of HID cases requires high-level diagnostic capabilities. Although most of the isolation facilities surveyed have appropriate diagnostic capabilities and infection control procedures for the safe handling of specimens, 31% and 11% performed their routine and microbiological diagnostic tests in the central laboratory without any measures of biosecurity and biosafety as recommended by the EUNID [6] . doi = 10.1186/1756-0500-5-527 id = cord-264770-93viq4ak author = Vogler, Sabine title = How to address medicines shortages: Findings from a cross-sectional study of 24 countries date = 2020-09-21 keywords = european; medicine; shortage summary = Measures reported in the literature include the obligation for industry to report shortages to authorities (e.g. France [10] ), the Netherlands [15] ) and the creation of national reporting systems (several countries [18, 31] ), supply reserve stocks (e.g. Finland [9] ), notification of parallel exports [17] and collaborative projects with stakeholders such as representatives of the pharmaceutical industry, wholesale and pharmacies (e.g. Italy [14] ). Additionally, the authors contacted national stakeholders (usually the medicines agency and the community pharmacy association) in the pilot countries (except Austria) and asked them in a telephone interview to identify further measures, including those already implemented or under discussion. A frequently used measure to manage shortages was a national register to which suppliers report current and upcoming shortages: In 20 of the 24 responding countries, regulatory authorities (usually the medicines agency or the ministry of health) ran a shortages register. doi = 10.1016/j.healthpol.2020.09.001 id = cord-302127-1abupl36 author = Vokó, Zoltán title = The effect of social distance measures on COVID-19 epidemics in Europe: an interrupted time series analysis date = 2020-06-11 keywords = COVID-19; Disease; European summary = Recently published COVID-19 microsimulation models based on social network data in the UK and USA revealed that epidemic suppression would require a complex intervention package including social distancing of the entire population, home isolation of cases, and household quarantine of their family members, supplemented with school closure, in intermittent periods adjusted to epidemic intensity and unoccupied critical care capacity (Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team Report 9 2020; Kucharski et al. Our research aims were to identify the date when the COVID-19 pandemic started declining in each European country and to evaluate the association of the level of community mobility restrictions (social distancing) with the observed extent of decline in the national epidemics. To SDI social distance index, SD standard deviation prevent COVID-19 transmission in nursing homes and other chronic care facilities enriching high-risk elderly patient groups, effective local infection control measures are clearly more relevant than general interventions targeting the country population as a whole, without specific focus on critical hot spots of the epidemic. doi = 10.1007/s11357-020-00205-0 id = cord-258885-ev2pvr3s author = Werth, Annette title = Impact analysis of COVID-19 responses on energy grid dynamics in Europe date = 2020-10-22 keywords = COVID-19; country; european summary = With this methodology, energy load, generation and international transmission were studied for 16 European countries, for which data were available, to understand how Europe''s electric grid was affected by the epidemic. To understand and measure the impact of governmental restrictions on the electrical power system, at a country level, it is necessary to assess the data recorded during COVID-19 emergency against a counterfactual scenario where the epidemic did not occur. This procedure enabled a systematic determination of the interval of time to study how European countries modulated electrical energy generation, and transmission in order to balance for the reduced consumption. The non-renewable energy sources, such as nuclear and fossil (which includes gas, oil and coal) that typically cover the baseline load, were observed decreasing in generation for most countries, although yearly productions were quite variable (Fig. 5B,C) . doi = 10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.116045 id = cord-001221-due9tloa author = nan title = ECR 2014, Part A date = 2014-02-27 keywords = ASL; CTA; DWI; Europe; FDG; GGO; MDCT; MRI; PET; RADS; RECIST; SPECT; base; cancer; clinical; contrast; diagnosis; different; disease; european; high; image; imaging; lesion; objective; patient; radiologist; role; study; technique; treatment; tumour summary = In short: obtaining samples for making an accurate diagnosis and also to know more about its specific biology (biomarkers); IR covers any possibility needed for vascular access; percutaneous needle ablation is the best alternative in selected patients; endovascular embolisation with "vehiculisation" of therapies is an outstanding method for selective treatment, and sometimes precise ablation, of different tumors; IR is a unique way to offer palliation in a wide range of tumoral complications, such as embolisation for bleeding, stenting for vein obstructions or drainage of fluid collections. CT may be useful for osteoid osteoma and MRI is the best imaging technique for further diagnosis and staging by displaying tumour composition and extent of bone marrow involvement, including skip lesions, presence and extent of extraosseous soft tissue mass, and involvement of neurovascular bundle, muscle compartments and adjacent joint. doi = 10.1007/s13244-014-0316-6 id = cord-004894-75w35fkd author = nan title = Abstract date = 2006-06-14 keywords = ABSTRACT; BMI; Background; CHD; CVD; Germany; Health; Methods; Netherlands; age; cancer; conclusion; datum; discussion; dutch; european; factor; high; increase; objective; patient; result; risk; study; woman; year summary = The unadjusted median (25-75% percentile) sperm concentration in the non-exposed group (n = 90) is 49 (23-86) mill/ml compared to 33 (12-63) mill/ml among men exposed to >19 cigarettes per day in fetal life (n = 26 Aim: To estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity, and their effects in physical activity (PA) levels of Portuguese children and adolescents aged 10-18 years. Objectives: a) To estimate the sex-and age-adjusted annual rate of tuberculosis infection (ARTI) (per 100 person-years [%py]) among the HCWs, as indicated by tuberculin skin test conversion (TST) conversion, b) to identify occupational factors associated with significant variations in the ARTI, c) to investigate the efficacy of the regional preventive guidelines. Objectives: We assessed the total burden of adverse events (AE), and determined treatment-related risk factors for the development of various AEs. Methods: The study cohort included 1362 5-year survivors, treated in the Emma Childrens Hospital AMC in the Netherlands between 1966-1996. doi = 10.1007/s10654-006-9021-1 id = cord-016285-cwhmm3f6 author = nan title = Challenges to the European Exception: What Can S&T Do? date = 2006 keywords = Europe; S&T; States; United; european summary = Yet, because of population growth; consumption patterns; market, policy and political failures; features of existing technologies; and world views and values, Europe and the world at large are still far removed from a development trajectory that is truly sustainable, that is, which satisfies the current needs of society (growth, competitiveness, employment, etc.) without compromising the needs of future generations. A 2004 review of nine recent comprehensive analyses of global environmental problems (Table 1 .1) showed near-unanimous agreement that the three problems posing the greatest threats to the global environment and continuing economic development include: (1) water quality and access; (2) climate change; and (3) loss of biodiversity. Besides investing in education and developing skills, this means dedicating research programmes to find ways to fight inner-city poverty, to relieve the effects of urbanisation, to diminish the impacts of ever increasing mobility on our environment, and to improve the quality of life of the vulnerable groups in society, such as the handicapped and the ill, the elderly and the young. doi = 10.1007/978-1-4020-5551-5_1 id = cord-030909-6if3qquj author = nan title = Perspectives on the Economics of the Environment in the Shadow of Coronavirus date = 2020-08-27 keywords = COVID-19; ECB; EU27; European; GHG; change; climate; economic; effect; environmental; pandemic; policy summary = Based on these points, it becomes clear that a green recovery plan with resources directed towards achieving the combined objective of both providing the necessary economic stimuli for recovery and also promoting the transition to a low-carbon economy and adaptation to climate change along with investment in natural capital and increase in comprehensive savings could be a feasible and efficient plan. The current global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions trajectory indicates that the world is likely to experience catastrophic consequences due to climate change, unless swift action is taken towards funding green solutions and the defunding of fossil fuel activities ( Given the ambition of the European Union to become a net zero-carbon economy by 2050 and the numerous calls to avoid the bailout and stimulus packages towards fossil fuel companies , we examine whether the features of the European Central Bank''s (ECB) €1350 billion Pandemic Emergency Purchase Programme (PEPP) encourages the resilience of the incumbent fossil fuel sector, or whether it promotes the growth of the emerging low-carbon energy sector during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. doi = 10.1007/s10640-020-00493-2 id = cord-035030-ig4nwtmi author = nan title = 10th European Conference on Rare Diseases & Orphan Products (ECRD 2020) date = 2020-11-09 keywords = AHP; European; datum; disease; health; patient; rare; result summary = Conclusion: With this survey Endo-ERN is provided with a large sample of responses from European patients with a rare endocrine condition, and those patients experience unmet needs in research, though these needs differ between the disease groups. Various factors compound the development of treatments for paediatric rare diseases, including the need for new Clinical Outcome Assessments (COAs), as conventional endpoints such as the 6 Minute Walking Test (6MWT) have been shown to not be applicable in all paediatric age subsets, [3] and therefore may not be useful in elucidating patient capabilities. S18 Background: To help inform cross-national development of genomic care pathways, we worked with families of patients with rare diseases and health professionals from two European genetic services doi = 10.1186/s13023-020-01550-1 id = cord-297286-bo6pr34s author = nan title = Medical conferences in the post-COVID world: a challenge, and an opportunity date = 2020-05-16 keywords = COVID-19; European summary = Like all involved clinicians, radiologists have had to learn the features of the disease as they apply to our practice, including typical and atypical radiologic findings, appropriate use of imaging techniques (depending on available resources) and a correlation of findings with other clinical and laboratory data [6, 8, 9] . Future online (or hybrid) conferences must find or invent new methods of allowing discussions and interactions involving remote participants during all sessions, to create the same sense of community and collective learning that can be felt during successful on-site events. This will not be easy, but making this necessary shift successfully will establish a new standard for what defines medical conference success in the future. Scientific meetings must change their structure to survive, and successful societies in the future will be those which embraced this new circumstance, and adapted early. The radiology department during the COVID-19 pandemic: a challenging, radical change doi = 10.1007/s00330-020-06933-3