id sid tid token lemma pos cord-016293-pyb00pt5 1 1 key key NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 1 2 : : : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 1 3 cord-016293-pyb00pt5 cord-016293-pyb00pt5 JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 1 4 authors author NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 1 5 : : : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 1 6 Newell Newell NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 1 7 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 1 8 McGloughlin McGloughlin NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 1 9 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 1 10 Martina Martina NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 1 11 ; ; : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 2 1 Re re UH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 2 2 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 2 3 Edward Edward NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 2 4 title title NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 2 5 : : : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 2 6 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 2 7 flowering flowering NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 2 8 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 2 9 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 2 10 age age NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 2 11 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 2 12 Biotechnology Biotechnology NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 2 13 1990–2000 1990–2000 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 2 14 date date NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 2 15 : : : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 3 1 2006 2006 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 3 2 journal journal NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 3 3 : : : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 4 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 4 2 Evolution Evolution NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 4 3 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 4 4 Biotechnology Biotechnology NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 4 5 DOI DOI NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 4 6 : : : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 4 7 10.1007/1 10.1007/1 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 4 8 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 4 9 4020 4020 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 4 10 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 4 11 5149 5149 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 4 12 - - SYM cord-016293-pyb00pt5 4 13 2_4 2_4 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 5 1 sha sha NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 5 2 : : : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 5 3 a7c4e3c86bfc3e71f49020102a6b260d20aeda5b a7c4e3c86bfc3e71f49020102a6b260d20aeda5b NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 5 4 doc_id doc_id CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 5 5 : : : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 5 6 16293 16293 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 5 7 cord_uid cord_uid NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 5 8 : : : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 5 9 pyb00pt5 pyb00pt5 NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 5 10 nan nan NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 6 1 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 6 2 significance significance NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 6 3 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 6 4 developing develop VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 6 5 genetic genetic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 6 6 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 6 7 physical physical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 6 8 maps map NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 6 9 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 6 10 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 6 11 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 6 12 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 6 13 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 6 14 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 6 15 importance importance NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 6 16 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 6 17 comparing compare VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 6 18 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 6 19 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 6 20 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 6 21 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 6 22 those those DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 6 23 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 6 24 other other JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 6 25 species specie NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 6 26 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 7 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 7 2 also also RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 7 3 suggested suggest VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 7 4 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 7 5 preliminary preliminary JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 7 6 focus focus NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 7 7 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 7 8 improving improve VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 7 9 current current JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 7 10 technology technology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 7 11 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 8 1 At at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 8 2 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 8 3 request request NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 8 4 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 8 5 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 8 6 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 8 7 Congress Congress NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 8 8 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 8 9 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 8 10 Office Office NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 8 11 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 8 12 Technology Technology NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 8 13 Assessment Assessment NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 8 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 8 15 OTA OTA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 8 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 8 17 also also RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 8 18 studied study VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 8 19 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 8 20 issue issue NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 8 21 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 8 22 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 8 23 issued issue VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 8 24 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 8 25 document document NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 8 26 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 8 27 1987 1987 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 8 28 -within -within JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 8 29 days day NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 8 30 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 8 31 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 8 32 NRC NRC NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 8 33 report report NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 8 34 -that -that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 8 35 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 8 36 similarly similarly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 8 37 supportive supportive JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 8 38 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 9 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 9 2 OTA OTA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 9 3 report report NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 9 4 discussed discuss VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 9 5 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 9 6 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 9 7 addition addition NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 9 8 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 9 9 scientific scientific JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 9 10 issues issue NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 9 11 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 9 12 social social JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 9 13 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 9 14 ethical ethical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 9 15 implications implication NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 9 16 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 9 17 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 9 18 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 9 19 program program NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 9 20 together together RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 9 21 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 9 22 problems problem NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 9 23 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 9 24 managing manage VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 9 25 funding funding NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 9 26 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 9 27 negotiating negotiate VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 9 28 policy policy NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 9 29 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 9 30 coordinating coordinate VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 9 31 research research NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 9 32 efforts effort NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 9 33 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 10 1 Prompted prompt VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 10 2 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 10 3 advisers adviser NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 10 4 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 10 5 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 10 6 1988 1988 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 10 7 meeting meeting NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 10 8 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 10 9 Reston Reston NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 10 10 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 10 11 Virginia Virginia NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 10 12 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 10 13 James James NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 10 14 Wyngaarden Wyngaarden NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 10 15 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 10 16 then then RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 10 17 director director NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 10 18 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 10 19 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 10 20 National National NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 10 21 Institutes Institutes NNPS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 10 22 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 10 23 Health Health NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 10 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 10 25 NIH NIH NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 10 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 10 27 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 10 28 decided decide VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 10 29 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 10 30 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 10 31 agency agency NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 10 32 should should MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 10 33 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 10 34 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 10 35 major major JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 10 36 player player NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 10 37 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 10 38 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 10 39 HGP HGP NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 10 40 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 10 41 effectively effectively RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 10 42 seizing seize VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 10 43 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 10 44 lead lead NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 10 45 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 10 46 DOE DOE NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 10 47 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 11 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 11 2 start start NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 11 3 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 11 4 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 11 5 joint joint JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 11 6 effort effort NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 11 7 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 11 8 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 11 9 May May NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 11 10 1990 1990 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 11 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 11 12 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 11 13 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 11 14 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 11 15 official official JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 11 16 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 11 17 start start NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 11 18 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 11 19 October October NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 11 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 11 21 when when WRB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 11 22 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 11 23 5-year 5-year CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 11 24 plan plan NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 11 25 detailing detail VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 11 26 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 11 27 goals goal NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 11 28 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 11 29 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 11 30 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 11 31 Human Human NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 11 32 Genome Genome NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 11 33 Project Project NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 11 34 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 11 35 presented present VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 11 36 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 11 37 members member NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 11 38 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 11 39 congressional congressional JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 11 40 appropriations appropriation NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 11 41 committees committee NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 11 42 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 11 43 mid mid NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 11 44 - - NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 11 45 February February NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 11 46 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 12 1 This this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 12 2 document document NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 12 3 co co VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 12 4 - - VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 12 5 authored author VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 12 6 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 12 7 DOE DOE NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 12 8 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 12 9 NIH NIH NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 12 10 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 12 11 titled title VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 12 12 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 12 13 Understanding understand VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 12 14 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 12 15 Genetic genetic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 12 16 Inheritance Inheritance NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 12 17 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 12 18 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 12 19 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 12 20 Human Human NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 12 21 Genome Genome NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 12 22 Project Project NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 12 23 : : : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 12 24 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 12 25 First First NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 12 26 Five Five NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 12 27 Years Years NNPS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 12 28 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 12 29 examined examine VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 12 30 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 12 31 then then RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 12 32 current current JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 12 33 state state NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 12 34 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 12 35 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 12 36 science science NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 12 37 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 13 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 13 2 plan plan NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 13 3 also also RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 13 4 set set VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 13 5 forth forth RP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 13 6 complementary complementary JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 13 7 approaches approach NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 13 8 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 13 9 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 13 10 two two CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 13 11 agencies agency NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 13 12 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 13 13 attaining attain VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 13 14 scientific scientific JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 13 15 goals goal NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 13 16 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 13 17 presented present VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 13 18 plans plan NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 13 19 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 13 20 administering administer VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 13 21 research research NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 13 22 agenda agenda NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 13 23 ; ; : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 13 24 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 13 25 described describe VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 13 26 collaboration collaboration NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 13 27 between between IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 13 28 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 13 29 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 13 30 international international JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 13 31 agencies agency NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 13 32 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 13 33 presented present VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 13 34 budget budget NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 13 35 projections projection NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 13 36 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 13 37 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 13 38 project project NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 13 39 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 14 1 According accord VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 14 2 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 14 3 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 14 4 document document NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 14 5 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 14 6 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 14 7 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 14 8 centrally centrally RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 14 9 coordinated coordinate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 14 10 project project NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 14 11 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 14 12 focused focus VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 14 13 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 14 14 specific specific JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 14 15 objectives objective NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 14 16 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 14 17 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 14 18 believed believe VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 14 19 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 14 20 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 14 21 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 14 22 most most RBS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 14 23 efficient efficient JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 14 24 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 14 25 least least JJS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 14 26 expensive expensive JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 14 27 way way NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 14 28 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 14 29 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 14 30 obtain obtain VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 14 31 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 14 32 3-billion 3-billion CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 14 33 base base NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 14 34 pair pair NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 14 35 map map NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 14 36 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 14 37 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 14 38 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 14 39 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 14 40 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 15 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 15 2 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 15 3 course course NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 15 4 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 15 5 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 15 6 project project NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 15 7 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 15 8 especially especially RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 15 9 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 15 10 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 15 11 early early JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 15 12 years year NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 15 13 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 15 14 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 15 15 plan plan NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 15 16 stated state VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 15 17 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 15 18 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 15 19 much much JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 15 20 new new JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 15 21 technology technology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 15 22 will will MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 15 23 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 15 24 developed develop VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 15 25 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 15 26 will will MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 15 27 facilitate facilitate VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 15 28 biomedical biomedical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 15 29 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 15 30 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 15 31 broad broad JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 15 32 range range NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 15 33 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 15 34 biological biological JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 15 35 research research NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 15 36 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 15 37 bring bring VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 15 38 down down RP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 15 39 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 15 40 cost cost NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 15 41 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 15 42 many many JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 15 43 experiments experiment NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 15 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 15 45 mapping mapping NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 15 46 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 15 47 sequencing sequencing NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 15 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 15 49 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 15 50 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 15 51 finding find VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 15 52 applications application NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 15 53 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 15 54 numerous numerous JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 15 55 other other JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 15 56 fields field NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 15 57 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 16 1 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 17 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 17 2 plan plan NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 17 3 built build VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 17 4 upon upon IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 17 5 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 17 6 1988 1988 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 17 7 reports report NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 17 8 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 17 9 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 17 10 Office Office NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 17 11 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 17 12 Technology Technology NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 17 13 Assessment Assessment NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 17 14 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 17 15 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 17 16 National National NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 17 17 Research Research NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 17 18 Council Council NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 17 19 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 17 20 mapping mapping NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 17 21 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 17 22 sequencing sequence VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 17 23 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 17 24 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 17 25 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 17 26 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 18 1 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 19 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 19 2 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 19 3 intervening intervene VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 19 4 two two CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 19 5 years year NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 19 6 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 19 7 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 19 8 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 19 9 document document NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 19 10 said say VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 19 11 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 19 12 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 19 13 improvements improvement NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 19 14 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 19 15 technology technology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 19 16 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 19 17 almost almost RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 19 18 every every DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 19 19 aspect aspect NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 19 20 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 19 21 genomics genomic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 19 22 research research NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 19 23 have have VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 19 24 taken take VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 19 25 place place NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 19 26 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 20 1 As as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 20 2 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 20 3 result result NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 20 4 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 20 5 more more RBR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 20 6 specific specific JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 20 7 goals goal NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 20 8 can can MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 20 9 now now RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 20 10 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 20 11 set set VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 20 12 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 20 13 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 20 14 project project NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 20 15 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 21 1 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 22 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 22 2 document document NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 22 3 describes describe VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 22 4 objectives objective NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 22 5 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 22 6 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 22 7 following follow VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 22 8 areas area NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 22 9 mapping mapping NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 22 10 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 22 11 sequencing sequence VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 22 12 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 22 13 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 22 14 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 22 15 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 22 16 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 22 17 genomes genome NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 22 18 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 22 19 model model NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 22 20 organisms organism NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 22 21 ; ; : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 22 22 data datum NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 22 23 collection collection NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 22 24 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 22 25 distribution distribution NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 22 26 ; ; , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 22 27 ethical ethical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 22 28 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 22 29 legal legal JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 22 30 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 22 31 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 22 32 social social JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 22 33 considerations consideration NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 22 34 ; ; : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 22 35 research research NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 22 36 training training NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 22 37 ; ; : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 22 38 technology technology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 22 39 development development NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 22 40 ; ; : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 22 41 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 22 42 technology technology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 22 43 transfer transfer NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 22 44 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 23 1 These these DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 23 2 goals goal NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 23 3 were be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 23 4 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 23 5 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 23 6 reviewed review VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 23 7 each each DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 23 8 year year NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 23 9 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 23 10 updated update VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 23 11 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 23 12 further further JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 23 13 advances advance NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 23 14 occured occur VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 23 15 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 23 16 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 23 17 underlying underlie VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 23 18 technologies technology NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 23 19 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 24 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 24 2 identified identify VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 24 3 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 24 4 overall overall JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 24 5 budget budget NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 24 6 needs need VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 24 7 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 24 8 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 24 9 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 24 10 same same JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 24 11 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 24 12 those those DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 24 13 identified identify VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 24 14 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 24 15 OTA OTA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 24 16 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 24 17 NRC NRC NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 24 18 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 24 19 namely namely RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 24 20 about about RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 24 21 $ $ $ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 24 22 200 200 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 24 23 million million CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 24 24 per per IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 24 25 year year NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 24 26 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 24 27 approximately approximately RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 24 28 15 15 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 24 29 years year NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 24 30 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 25 1 This this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 25 2 came come VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 25 3 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 25 4 $ $ $ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 25 5 13 13 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 25 6 billion billion CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 25 7 over over IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 25 8 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 25 9 entire entire JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 25 10 period period NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 25 11 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 25 12 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 25 13 project project NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 25 14 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 26 1 Considering consider VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 26 2 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 26 3 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 26 4 July July NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 26 5 1990 1990 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 26 6 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 26 7 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 26 8 DNA dna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 26 9 databases database NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 26 10 contained contain VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 26 11 only only RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 26 12 seven seven CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 26 13 sequences sequence NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 26 14 greater great JJR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 26 15 than than IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 26 16 0.1 0.1 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 26 17 Mb Mb NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 27 1 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 27 2 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 27 3 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 27 4 major major JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 27 5 leap leap NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 27 6 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 27 7 faith faith NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 27 8 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 28 1 This this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 28 2 approach approach NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 28 3 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 28 4 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 28 5 major major JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 28 6 departure departure NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 28 7 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 28 8 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 28 9 single single JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 28 10 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 28 11 investigator investigator NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 28 12 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 28 13 based base VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 28 14 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 28 15 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 28 16 interest interest NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 28 17 focus focus NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 28 18 that that DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 28 19 research research NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 28 20 took take VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 28 21 hitherto hitherto VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 28 22 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 29 1 This this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 29 2 sparked spark VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 29 3 much much JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 29 4 controversy controversy NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 29 5 both both CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 29 6 before before IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 29 7 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 29 8 after after IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 29 9 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 29 10 inception inception NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 29 11 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 30 1 Critics critic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 30 2 questioned question VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 30 3 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 30 4 usefulness usefulness NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 30 5 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 30 6 genomic genomic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 30 7 sequencing sequencing NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 30 8 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 30 9 they -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 30 10 objected object VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 30 11 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 30 12 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 30 13 high high JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 30 14 cost cost NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 30 15 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 30 16 suggested suggest VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 30 17 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 30 18 might may MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 30 19 divert divert VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 30 20 funds fund NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 30 21 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 30 22 other other JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 30 23 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 30 24 more more RBR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 30 25 focused focused JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 30 26 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 30 27 basic basic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 30 28 research research NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 30 29 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 31 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 31 2 prime prime JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 31 3 argument argument NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 31 4 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 31 5 support support VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 31 6 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 31 7 latter latter JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 31 8 position position NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 31 9 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 31 10 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 31 11 there there EX cord-016293-pyb00pt5 31 12 appeared appear VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 31 13 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 31 14 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 31 15 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 31 16 far far RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 31 17 less less JJR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 31 18 genes gene NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 31 19 than than IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 31 20 accounted account VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 31 21 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 31 22 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 31 23 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 31 24 mass mass NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 31 25 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 31 26 DNA DNA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 31 27 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 31 28 would would MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 31 29 suggest suggest VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 31 30 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 31 31 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 31 32 major major JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 31 33 part part NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 31 34 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 31 35 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 31 36 sequencing sequencing NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 31 37 effort effort NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 31 38 would would MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 31 39 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 31 40 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 31 41 long long JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 31 42 stretches stretch NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 31 43 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 31 44 base base NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 31 45 pairs pair NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 31 46 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 31 47 no no DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 31 48 known know VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 31 49 function function NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 31 50 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 31 51 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 31 52 so so RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 31 53 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 31 54 called call VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 31 55 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 31 56 junk junk NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 31 57 DNA dna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 31 58 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 31 59 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 32 1 And and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 32 2 that that DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 32 3 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 32 4 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 32 5 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 32 6 days day NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 32 7 when when WRB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 32 8 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 32 9 number number NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 32 10 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 32 11 genes gene NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 32 12 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 32 13 presumed presume VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 32 14 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 32 15 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 32 16 80 80 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 32 17 - - SYM cord-016293-pyb00pt5 32 18 100,000 100,000 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 32 19 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 33 1 If if IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 33 2 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 33 3 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 33 4 that that DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 33 5 stage stage NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 33 6 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 33 7 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 33 8 estimated estimate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 33 9 number number NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 33 10 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 33 11 guessed guess VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 33 12 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 33 13 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 33 14 closer close JJR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 33 15 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 33 16 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 33 17 actual actual JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 33 18 estimate estimate NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 33 19 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 33 20 35 35 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 33 21 - - SYM cord-016293-pyb00pt5 33 22 40,000 40,000 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 33 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 33 24 later later RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 33 25 reduced reduce VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 33 26 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 33 27 20 20 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 33 28 - - SYM cord-016293-pyb00pt5 33 29 25,000 25,000 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 33 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 34 1 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 34 2 would would MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 34 3 have have VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 34 4 made make VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 34 5 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 34 6 task task NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 34 7 seem seem VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 34 8 even even RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 34 9 more more RBR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 34 10 foolhardy foolhardy JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 34 11 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 34 12 less less RBR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 34 13 worthwhile worthwhile JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 34 14 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 34 15 some some DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 34 16 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 35 1 However however RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 35 2 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 35 3 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 35 4 ever ever RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 35 5 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 35 6 powerful powerful JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 35 7 incentive incentive NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 35 8 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 35 9 new new JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 35 10 diagnostics diagnostic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 35 11 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 35 12 treatments treatment NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 35 13 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 35 14 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 35 15 disease disease NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 35 16 beyond beyond IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 35 17 what what WP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 35 18 could could MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 35 19 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 35 20 gleaned glean VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 35 21 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 35 22 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 35 23 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 35 24 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 35 25 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 35 26 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 35 27 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 35 28 approach approach NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 35 29 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 35 30 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 35 31 rapidly rapidly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 35 32 evolving evolve VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 35 33 technologies technology NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 35 34 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 35 35 especially especially RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 35 36 that that DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 35 37 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 35 38 automated automate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 35 39 sequencing sequencing NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 35 40 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 35 41 made make VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 35 42 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 35 43 both both CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 35 44 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 35 45 attractive attractive JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 35 46 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 35 47 plausible plausible JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 35 48 aim aim NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 35 49 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 36 1 Charles Charles NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 36 2 Cantor Cantor NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 36 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 36 4 1990 1990 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 36 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 36 6 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 36 7 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 36 8 principal principal JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 36 9 scientist scientist NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 36 10 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 36 11 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 36 12 Department Department NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 36 13 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 36 14 Energy Energy NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 36 15 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 36 16 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 36 17 project project NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 36 18 contended contend VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 36 19 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 36 20 DOE DOE NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 36 21 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 36 22 NIH NIH NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 36 23 were be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 36 24 cooperating cooperate VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 36 25 effectively effectively RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 36 26 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 36 27 develop develop VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 36 28 organizational organizational JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 36 29 structures structure NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 36 30 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 36 31 scientific scientific JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 36 32 priorities priority NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 36 33 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 36 34 would would MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 36 35 keep keep VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 36 36 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 36 37 project project NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 36 38 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 36 39 schedule schedule NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 36 40 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 36 41 within within IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 36 42 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 36 43 budget budget NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 36 44 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 37 1 He -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 37 2 noted note VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 37 3 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 37 4 there there EX cord-016293-pyb00pt5 37 5 would would MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 37 6 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 37 7 small small JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 37 8 short short JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 37 9 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 37 10 term term NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 37 11 costs cost NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 37 12 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 37 13 traditional traditional JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 37 14 biology biology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 37 15 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 37 16 but but CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 37 17 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 37 18 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 37 19 long long JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 37 20 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 37 21 term term NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 37 22 benefits benefit NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 37 23 would would MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 37 24 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 37 25 immeasurable immeasurable JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 37 26 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 38 1 Genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 38 2 projects project NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 38 3 were be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 38 4 also also RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 38 5 discussed discuss VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 38 6 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 38 7 developed develop VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 38 8 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 38 9 other other JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 38 10 countries country NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 38 11 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 38 12 sequencing sequencing NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 38 13 efforts effort NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 38 14 began begin VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 38 15 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 38 16 Japan Japan NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 38 17 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 38 18 France France NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 38 19 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 38 20 Italy Italy NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 38 21 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 38 22 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 38 23 United United NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 38 24 Kingdom Kingdom NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 38 25 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 38 26 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 38 27 Canada Canada NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 38 28 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 39 1 Even even RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 39 2 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 39 3 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 39 4 Soviet Soviet NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 39 5 Union Union NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 39 6 collapsed collapse VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 39 7 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 39 8 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 39 9 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 39 10 project project NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 39 11 survived survive VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 39 12 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 39 13 part part NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 39 14 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 39 15 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 39 16 Russian russian JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 39 17 science science NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 39 18 program program NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 39 19 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 40 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 40 2 scale scale NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 40 3 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 40 4 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 40 5 venture venture NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 40 6 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 40 7 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 40 8 manageable manageable JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 40 9 prospect prospect NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 40 10 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 40 11 pooling pool VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 40 12 data datum NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 40 13 via via IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 40 14 computer computer NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 40 15 made make VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 40 16 sequencing sequence VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 40 17 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 40 18 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 40 19 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 40 20 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 40 21 truly truly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 40 22 international international JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 40 23 initiative initiative NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 40 24 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 41 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 41 2 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 41 3 effort effort NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 41 4 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 41 5 include include VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 41 6 developing develop VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 41 7 countries country NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 41 8 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 41 9 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 41 10 project project NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 41 11 UNESCO UNESCO NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 41 12 assembled assemble VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 41 13 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 41 14 advisory advisory JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 41 15 committee committee NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 41 16 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 41 17 1988 1988 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 41 18 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 41 19 examine examine VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 41 20 UNESCO UNESCO NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 41 21 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 41 22 role role NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 41 23 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 41 24 facilitating facilitate VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 41 25 international international JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 41 26 dialogue dialogue NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 41 27 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 41 28 cooperation cooperation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 41 29 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 42 1 A a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 42 2 privately privately RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 42 3 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 42 4 funded fund VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 42 5 Human Human NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 42 6 Genome Genome NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 42 7 Organization Organization NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 42 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 42 9 HUGO HUGO NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 42 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 42 11 had have VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 42 12 been be VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 42 13 founded found VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 42 14 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 42 15 1988 1988 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 42 16 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 42 17 coordinate coordinate VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 42 18 international international JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 42 19 efforts effort NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 42 20 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 42 21 serve serve VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 42 22 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 42 23 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 42 24 clearinghouse clearinghouse NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 42 25 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 42 26 data datum NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 42 27 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 43 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 43 2 that that DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 43 3 same same JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 43 4 year year NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 43 5 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 43 6 European European NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 43 7 Commission Commission NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 43 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 43 9 EC EC NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 43 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 43 11 introduced introduce VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 43 12 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 43 13 proposal proposal NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 43 14 entitled entitle VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 43 15 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 43 16 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 43 17 Predictive Predictive NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 43 18 Medicine Medicine NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 43 19 Programme Programme NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 43 20 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 44 1 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 45 1 A a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 45 2 few few JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 45 3 EC EC NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 45 4 countries country NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 45 5 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 45 6 notably notably RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 45 7 Germany Germany NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 45 8 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 45 9 Denmark Denmark NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 45 10 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 45 11 claimed claim VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 45 12 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 45 13 proposal proposal NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 45 14 lacked lack VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 45 15 ethical ethical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 45 16 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 45 17 ; ; : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 45 18 objections objection NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 45 19 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 45 20 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 45 21 possible possible JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 45 22 eugenic eugenic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 45 23 implications implication NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 45 24 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 45 25 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 45 26 program program NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 45 27 were be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 45 28 especially especially RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 45 29 strong strong JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 45 30 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 45 31 Germany Germany NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 45 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 45 33 Dickson Dickson NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 45 34 1989 1989 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 45 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 45 36 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 46 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 46 2 initial initial JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 46 3 proposal proposal NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 46 4 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 46 5 dropped drop VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 46 6 but but CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 46 7 later later RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 46 8 modified modify VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 46 9 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 46 10 adopted adopt VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 46 11 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 46 12 1990 1990 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 46 13 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 46 14 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 46 15 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 46 16 Human Human NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 46 17 Genome Genome NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 46 18 Analysis Analysis NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 46 19 Programme Programme NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 46 20 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 46 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 46 22 Dickman Dickman NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 46 23 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 46 24 Aldhous Aldhous NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 46 25 1991 1991 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 46 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 46 27 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 47 1 This this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 47 2 program program NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 47 3 committed commit VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 47 4 substantial substantial JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 47 5 resources resource NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 47 6 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 47 7 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 47 8 study study NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 47 9 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 47 10 ethical ethical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 47 11 issues issue NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 47 12 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 48 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 48 2 need need NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 48 3 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 48 4 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 48 5 organization organization NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 48 6 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 48 7 coordinate coordinate VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 48 8 these these DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 48 9 multiple multiple JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 48 10 international international JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 48 11 efforts effort NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 48 12 quickly quickly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 48 13 became become VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 48 14 apparent apparent JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 48 15 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 49 1 Thus thus RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 49 2 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 49 3 Human Human NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 49 4 Genome Genome NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 49 5 Organization Organization NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 49 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 49 7 HUGO HUGO NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 49 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 49 9 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 49 10 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 49 11 has have VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 49 12 been be VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 49 13 called call VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 49 14 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 49 15 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 49 16 U.N. U.N. NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 49 17 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 49 18 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 49 19 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 49 20 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 49 21 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 49 22 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 49 23 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 49 24 born bear VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 49 25 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 49 26 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 49 27 spring spring NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 49 28 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 49 29 1988 1988 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 49 30 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 50 1 Composed compose VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 50 2 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 50 3 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 50 4 founding found VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 50 5 council council NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 50 6 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 50 7 scientists scientist NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 50 8 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 50 9 seventeen seventeen CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 50 10 countries country NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 50 11 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 50 12 HUGO HUGO NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 50 13 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 50 14 goal goal NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 50 15 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 50 16 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 50 17 encourage encourage VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 50 18 international international JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 50 19 collaboration collaboration NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 50 20 through through IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 50 21 coordination coordination NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 50 22 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 50 23 research research NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 50 24 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 50 25 exchange exchange NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 50 26 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 50 27 data datum NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 50 28 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 50 29 research research NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 50 30 techniques technique NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 50 31 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 50 32 training training NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 50 33 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 50 34 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 50 35 debates debate NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 50 36 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 50 37 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 50 38 implications implication NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 50 39 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 50 40 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 50 41 projects project NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 50 42 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 50 43 Bodmer Bodmer NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 50 44 1991 1991 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 50 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 50 46 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 51 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 51 2 August August NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 51 3 1990 1990 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 51 4 NIH NIH NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 51 5 began begin VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 51 6 large large JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 51 7 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 51 8 scale scale NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 51 9 sequencing sequencing NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 51 10 trials trial NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 51 11 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 51 12 four four CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 51 13 model model NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 51 14 organisms organism NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 51 15 : : : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 51 16 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 51 17 parasitic parasitic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 51 18 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 51 19 cell cell NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 51 20 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 51 21 wall wall NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 51 22 lacking lack VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 51 23 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 51 24 microbe microbe NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 51 25 Mycoplasma Mycoplasma NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 51 26 capricolum capricolum NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 51 27 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 51 28 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 51 29 prokaryotic prokaryotic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 51 30 microbial microbial JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 51 31 lab lab NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 51 32 rat rat NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 51 33 Escherichia Escherichia NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 51 34 coli coli NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 51 35 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 51 36 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 51 37 most most RBS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 51 38 simple simple JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 51 39 animal animal NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 51 40 Caenorhabditis Caenorhabditis NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 51 41 elegans elegan NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 51 42 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 51 43 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 51 44 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 51 45 eukaryotic eukaryotic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 51 46 microbial microbial JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 51 47 lab lab NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 51 48 rat rat NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 51 49 Saccharomyces Saccharomyces NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 51 50 cerevisiae cerevisiae NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 51 51 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 52 1 Each each DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 52 2 research research NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 52 3 group group NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 52 4 agreed agree VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 52 5 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 52 6 sequence sequence VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 52 7 3 3 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 52 8 megabases megabase NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 52 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 52 10 Mb Mb NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 52 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 52 12 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 52 13 75 75 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 52 14 cents cent NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 52 15 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 52 16 base base NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 52 17 within within IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 52 18 3 3 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 52 19 years year NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 52 20 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 53 1 A a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 53 2 sub sub NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 53 3 living live VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 53 4 organism organism NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 53 5 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 53 6 actually actually RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 53 7 fully fully RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 53 8 sequenced sequence VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 53 9 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 53 10 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 53 11 complete complete JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 53 12 sequence sequence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 53 13 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 53 14 that that DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 53 15 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 53 16 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 54 1 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 54 2 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 54 3 cytomegalovirus cytomegalovirus NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 54 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 54 5 HCMV HCMV NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 54 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 54 7 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 54 8 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 54 9 0.23 0.23 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 54 10 Mb Mb NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 54 11 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 55 1 That that DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 55 2 year year NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 55 3 also also RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 55 4 saw see VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 55 5 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 55 6 casting casting NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 55 7 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 55 8 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 55 9 first first JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 55 10 salvo salvo NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 55 11 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 55 12 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 55 13 protracted protracted JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 55 14 debate debate NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 55 15 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 55 16 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 55 17 ownership ownership NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 55 18 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 55 19 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 55 20 genetic genetic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 55 21 information information NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 55 22 beginning begin VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 55 23 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 55 24 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 55 25 more more RBR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 55 26 tangible tangible JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 55 27 question question NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 55 28 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 55 29 ownership ownership NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 55 30 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 55 31 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 55 32 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 56 1 And and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 56 2 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 56 3 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 56 4 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 56 5 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 56 6 debates debate NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 56 7 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 56 8 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 56 9 early early JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 56 10 eighties eighty NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 56 11 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 56 12 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 56 13 were be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 56 14 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 56 15 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 56 16 revisited revisit VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 56 17 later later RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 56 18 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 56 19 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 56 20 nineties ninety NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 56 21 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 56 22 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 56 23 respondent respondent NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 56 24 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 56 25 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 56 26 University University NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 56 27 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 56 28 California California NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 56 29 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 57 1 Moore Moore NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 57 2 v. v. IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 57 3 Regents Regents NNPS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 57 4 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 57 5 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 57 6 University University NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 57 7 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 57 8 California California NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 57 9 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 57 10 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 57 11 first first JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 57 12 case case NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 57 13 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 57 14 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 57 15 United United NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 57 16 States States NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 57 17 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 57 18 address address VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 57 19 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 57 20 issue issue NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 57 21 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 57 22 who who WP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 57 23 owns own VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 57 24 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 57 25 rights right NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 57 26 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 57 27 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 57 28 individual individual NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 57 29 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 57 30 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 57 31 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 58 1 Diagnosed diagnose VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 58 2 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 58 3 leukemia leukemia NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 58 4 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 58 5 John John NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 58 6 Moore Moore NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 58 7 had have VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 58 8 blood blood NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 58 9 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 58 10 bone bone NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 58 11 marrow marrow NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 58 12 withdrawn withdraw VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 58 13 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 58 14 medical medical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 58 15 tests test NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 58 16 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 59 1 Suspicious suspicious JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 59 2 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 59 3 repeated repeat VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 59 4 requests request NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 59 5 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 59 6 give give VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 59 7 samples sample NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 59 8 because because IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 59 9 he -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 59 10 had have VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 59 11 already already RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 59 12 been be VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 59 13 cured cure VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 59 14 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 59 15 Moore Moore NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 59 16 discovered discover VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 59 17 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 59 18 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 59 19 doctors doctor NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 59 20 had have VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 59 21 patented patent VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 59 22 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 59 23 cell cell NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 59 24 line line NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 59 25 derived derive VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 59 26 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 59 27 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 59 28 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 59 29 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 59 30 so so RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 59 31 he -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 59 32 sued sue VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 59 33 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 60 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 60 2 California California NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 60 3 Supreme Supreme NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 60 4 Court Court NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 60 5 found find VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 60 6 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 60 7 Moore Moore NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 60 8 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 60 9 doctor doctor NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 60 10 did do VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 60 11 not not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 60 12 obtain obtain VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 60 13 proper proper JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 60 14 informed informed JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 60 15 consent consent NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 60 16 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 60 17 but but CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 60 18 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 60 19 however however RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 60 20 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 60 21 they -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 60 22 also also RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 60 23 found find VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 60 24 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 60 25 Moore Moore NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 60 26 can can MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 60 27 not not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 60 28 claim claim VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 60 29 property property NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 60 30 rights right NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 60 31 over over IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 60 32 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 60 33 body body NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 60 34 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 61 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 61 2 quest quest NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 61 3 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 61 4 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 61 5 holy holy NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 61 6 grail grail NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 61 7 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 61 8 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 61 9 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 61 10 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 61 11 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 61 12 both both DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 61 13 inspired inspire VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 61 14 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 61 15 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 61 16 rapidly rapidly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 61 17 evolving evolve VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 61 18 technologies technology NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 61 19 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 61 20 mapping mapping NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 61 21 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 61 22 sequencing sequencing NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 61 23 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 61 24 subsequently subsequently RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 61 25 spurred spur VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 61 26 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 61 27 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 61 28 development development NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 61 29 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 61 30 ever ever RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 61 31 more more RBR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 61 32 efficient efficient JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 61 33 tools tool NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 61 34 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 61 35 techniques technique NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 61 36 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 62 1 Advances advance NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 62 2 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 62 3 analytical analytical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 62 4 tools tool NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 62 5 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 62 6 automation automation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 62 7 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 62 8 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 62 9 chemistries chemistry NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 62 10 as as RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 62 11 well well RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 62 12 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 62 13 computational computational JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 62 14 power power NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 62 15 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 62 16 algorithms algorithm NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 62 17 revolutionized revolutionize VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 62 18 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 62 19 ability ability NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 62 20 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 62 21 generate generate VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 62 22 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 62 23 analyze analyze VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 62 24 immense immense JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 62 25 amounts amount NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 62 26 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 62 27 DNA dna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 62 28 sequence sequence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 62 29 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 62 30 genotype genotype NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 62 31 information information NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 62 32 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 63 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 63 2 addition addition NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 63 3 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 63 4 leading lead VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 63 5 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 63 6 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 63 7 determination determination NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 63 8 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 63 9 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 63 10 complete complete JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 63 11 sequences sequence NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 63 12 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 63 13 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 63 14 variety variety NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 63 15 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 63 16 microorganisms microorganism NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 63 17 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 63 18 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 63 19 rapidly rapidly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 63 20 increasing increase VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 63 21 number number NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 63 22 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 63 23 model model NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 63 24 organisms organism NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 63 25 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 63 26 these these DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 63 27 technologies technology NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 63 28 have have VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 63 29 provided provide VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 63 30 insights insight NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 63 31 into into IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 63 32 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 63 33 repertoire repertoire NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 63 34 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 63 35 genes gene NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 63 36 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 63 37 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 63 38 required require VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 63 39 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 63 40 life life NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 63 41 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 63 42 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 63 43 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 63 44 allelic allelic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 63 45 diversity diversity NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 63 46 as as RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 63 47 well well RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 63 48 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 63 49 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 63 50 organization organization NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 63 51 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 63 52 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 63 53 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 63 54 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 64 1 But but CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 64 2 back back RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 64 3 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 64 4 1990 1990 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 64 5 many many JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 64 6 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 64 7 these these DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 64 8 were be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 64 9 still still RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 64 10 nascent nascent JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 64 11 technologies technology NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 64 12 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 65 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 65 2 technologies technology NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 65 3 required require VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 65 4 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 65 5 achieve achieve VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 65 6 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 65 7 end end NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 65 8 could could MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 65 9 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 65 10 broadly broadly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 65 11 divided divide VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 65 12 into into IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 65 13 three three CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 65 14 categories category NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 65 15 : : : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 65 16 equipment equipment NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 65 17 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 65 18 techniques technique NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 65 19 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 65 20 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 65 21 computational computational JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 65 22 analysis analysis NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 65 23 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 66 1 These these DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 66 2 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 66 3 not not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 66 4 truly truly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 66 5 discrete discrete JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 66 6 divisions division NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 66 7 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 66 8 there there EX cord-016293-pyb00pt5 66 9 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 66 10 much much JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 66 11 overlap overlap NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 66 12 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 66 13 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 66 14 influence influence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 66 15 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 66 16 each each DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 66 17 other other JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 66 18 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 67 1 As as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 67 2 noted note VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 67 3 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 67 4 Lloyd Lloyd NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 67 5 Smith Smith NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 67 6 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 67 7 Michael Michael NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 67 8 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 67 9 Tim Tim NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 67 10 Hunkapiller Hunkapiller NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 67 11 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 67 12 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 67 13 Leroy Leroy NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 67 14 Hood Hood NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 67 15 conceived conceive VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 67 16 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 67 17 automated automate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 67 18 sequencer sequencer NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 67 19 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 67 20 Applied Applied NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 67 21 Biosystems Biosystems NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 67 22 Inc. Inc. NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 67 23 brought bring VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 67 24 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 67 25 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 67 26 market market NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 67 27 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 67 28 June June NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 67 29 1986 1986 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 67 30 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 68 1 There there EX cord-016293-pyb00pt5 68 2 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 68 3 no no DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 68 4 much much JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 68 5 doubt doubt NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 68 6 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 68 7 when when WRB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 68 8 Applied Applied NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 68 9 Biosystems Biosystems NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 68 10 Inc. Inc. NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 68 11 put put VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 68 12 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 68 13 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 68 14 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 68 15 market market NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 68 16 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 68 17 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 68 18 had have VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 68 19 been be VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 68 20 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 68 21 dream dream NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 68 22 became become VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 68 23 decidedly decidedly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 68 24 closer close JJR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 68 25 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 68 26 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 68 27 achievable achievable JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 68 28 reality reality NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 68 29 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 69 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 69 2 automating automate VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 69 3 Sangers Sangers NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 69 4 chain chain NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 69 5 termination termination NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 69 6 sequencing sequencing NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 69 7 system system NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 69 8 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 69 9 Hood Hood NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 69 10 modified modify VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 69 11 both both CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 69 12 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 69 13 chemistry chemistry NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 69 14 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 69 15 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 69 16 data data NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 69 17 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 69 18 gathering gather VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 69 19 processes process NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 69 20 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 70 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 70 2 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 70 3 sequencing sequencing NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 70 4 reaction reaction NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 70 5 itself -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 70 6 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 70 7 he -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 70 8 replaced replace VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 70 9 radioactive radioactive JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 70 10 labels label NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 70 11 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 70 12 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 70 13 were be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 70 14 unstable unstable JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 70 15 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 70 16 posed pose VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 70 17 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 70 18 health health NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 70 19 hazard hazard NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 70 20 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 70 21 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 70 22 required require VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 70 23 separate separate JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 70 24 gels gel NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 70 25 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 70 26 each each DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 70 27 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 70 28 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 70 29 four four CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 70 30 bases basis NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 70 31 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 71 1 Hood Hood NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 71 2 developed develop VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 71 3 chemistry chemistry NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 71 4 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 71 5 used use VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 71 6 fluorescent fluorescent JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 71 7 dyes dye NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 71 8 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 71 9 different different JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 71 10 colors color NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 71 11 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 71 12 each each DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 71 13 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 71 14 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 71 15 four four CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 71 16 DNA dna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 71 17 bases basis NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 71 18 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 72 1 This this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 72 2 system system NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 72 3 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 72 4 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 72 5 color color NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 72 6 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 72 7 coding code VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 72 8 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 72 9 eliminated eliminate VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 72 10 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 72 11 need need NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 72 12 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 72 13 run run VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 72 14 several several JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 72 15 reactions reaction NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 72 16 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 72 17 overlapping overlap VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 72 18 gels gel NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 72 19 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 73 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 73 2 fluorescent fluorescent NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 73 3 labels label NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 73 4 addressed address VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 73 5 another another DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 73 6 issue issue NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 73 7 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 73 8 contributed contribute VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 73 9 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 73 10 one one CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 73 11 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 73 12 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 73 13 major major JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 73 14 concerns concern NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 73 15 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 73 16 sequencing sequence VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 73 17 -data -data NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 73 18 gathering gathering NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 73 19 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 74 1 Hood hood NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 74 2 integrated integrate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 74 3 laser laser NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 74 4 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 74 5 computer computer NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 74 6 technology technology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 74 7 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 74 8 eliminating eliminate VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 74 9 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 74 10 tedious tedious JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 74 11 process process NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 74 12 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 74 13 information information NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 74 14 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 74 15 gathering gathering NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 74 16 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 74 17 hand hand NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 74 18 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 75 1 As as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 75 2 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 75 3 fragments fragment NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 75 4 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 75 5 DNA DNA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 75 6 passed pass VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 75 7 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 75 8 laser laser NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 75 9 beam beam NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 75 10 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 75 11 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 75 12 way way NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 75 13 through through IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 75 14 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 75 15 gel gel NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 75 16 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 75 17 fluorescent fluorescent JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 75 18 labels label NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 75 19 were be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 75 20 stimulated stimulate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 75 21 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 75 22 emit emit VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 75 23 light light NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 75 24 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 76 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 76 2 emitted emitted JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 76 3 light light NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 76 4 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 76 5 transmitted transmit VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 76 6 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 76 7 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 76 8 lens lens NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 76 9 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 76 10 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 76 11 intensity intensity NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 76 12 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 76 13 spectral spectral JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 76 14 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 76 15 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 76 16 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 76 17 fluorescence fluorescence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 76 18 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 76 19 measured measure VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 76 20 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 76 21 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 76 22 photomultiplier photomultiplier NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 76 23 tube tube NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 76 24 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 76 25 converted convert VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 76 26 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 76 27 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 76 28 digital digital JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 76 29 format format NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 76 30 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 76 31 could could MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 76 32 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 76 33 read read VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 76 34 directly directly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 76 35 into into IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 76 36 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 76 37 computer computer NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 76 38 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 77 1 During during IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 77 2 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 77 3 next next JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 77 4 thirteen thirteen CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 77 5 years year NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 77 6 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 77 7 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 77 8 machine machine NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 77 9 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 77 10 constantly constantly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 77 11 improved improve VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 77 12 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 77 13 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 77 14 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 77 15 1999 1999 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 77 16 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 77 17 fully fully RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 77 18 automated automate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 77 19 instrument instrument NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 77 20 could could MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 77 21 sequence sequence VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 77 22 up up RP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 77 23 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 77 24 150,000,000 150,000,000 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 77 25 base base NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 77 26 pairs pair NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 77 27 per per IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 77 28 year year NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 77 29 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 78 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 78 2 1990 1990 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 78 3 three three CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 78 4 groups group NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 78 5 came come VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 78 6 up up RP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 78 7 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 78 8 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 78 9 variation variation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 78 10 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 78 11 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 78 12 approach approach NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 78 13 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 79 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 79 2 developed develop VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 79 3 what what WP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 79 4 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 79 5 termed term VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 79 6 capillary capillary JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 79 7 electrophoresis electrophoresis NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 79 8 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 79 9 one one CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 79 10 team team NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 79 11 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 79 12 led lead VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 79 13 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 79 14 Lloyd Lloyd NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 79 15 Smith Smith NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 79 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 79 17 Luckey Luckey NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 79 18 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 79 19 1990 1990 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 79 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 79 21 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 79 22 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 79 23 second second JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 79 24 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 79 25 Barry Barry NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 79 26 Karger Karger NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 79 27 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 79 28 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 79 29 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 79 30 third third JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 79 31 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 79 32 Norman Norman NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 79 33 Dovichi Dovichi NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 79 34 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 80 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 80 2 1997 1997 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 80 3 Molecular Molecular NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 80 4 Dynamics Dynamics NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 80 5 introduced introduce VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 80 6 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 80 7 MegaBACE MegaBACE NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 80 8 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 80 9 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 80 10 capillary capillary JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 80 11 sequencing sequencing NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 80 12 machine machine NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 80 13 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 81 1 And and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 81 2 not not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 81 3 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 81 4 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 81 5 outdone outdo VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 81 6 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 81 7 following following JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 81 8 year year NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 81 9 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 81 10 1998 1998 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 82 1 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 82 2 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 82 3 original original NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 82 4 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 82 5 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 82 6 species specie NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 82 7 came come VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 82 8 up up RP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 82 9 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 82 10 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 82 11 ABI ABI NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 82 12 Prism Prism NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 82 13 3700 3700 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 82 14 sequencing sequencing NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 82 15 machine machine NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 82 16 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 83 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 83 2 3700 3700 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 83 3 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 83 4 also also RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 83 5 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 83 6 capillary capillary NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 83 7 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 83 8 based base VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 83 9 machine machine NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 83 10 designed design VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 83 11 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 83 12 run run VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 83 13 about about RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 83 14 eight eight CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 83 15 sets set NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 83 16 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 83 17 96 96 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 83 18 sequence sequence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 83 19 reactions reaction NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 83 20 per per IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 83 21 day day NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 83 22 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 84 1 On on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 84 2 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 84 3 biology biology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 84 4 side side NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 84 5 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 84 6 one one CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 84 7 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 84 8 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 84 9 biggest big JJS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 84 10 challenges challenge NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 84 11 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 84 12 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 84 13 construction construction NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 84 14 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 84 15 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 84 16 physical physical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 84 17 map map NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 84 18 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 84 19 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 84 20 compiled compile VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 84 21 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 84 22 many many JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 84 23 diverse diverse JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 84 24 sources source NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 84 25 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 84 26 approaches approach NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 84 27 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 84 28 such such PDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 84 29 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 84 30 way way NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 84 31 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 84 32 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 84 33 insure insure VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 84 34 continuity continuity NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 84 35 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 84 36 physical physical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 84 37 mapping mapping NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 84 38 data datum NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 84 39 over over IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 84 40 long long JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 84 41 stretches stretch NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 84 42 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 84 43 DNA dna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 84 44 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 85 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 85 2 development development NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 85 3 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 85 4 DNA dna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 85 5 Sequence sequence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 85 6 Tagged Tagged NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 85 7 Sites Sites NNPS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 85 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 85 9 STSs STSs NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 85 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 85 11 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 85 12 correlate correlate VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 85 13 diverse diverse JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 85 14 types type NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 85 15 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 85 16 DNA dna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 85 17 clones clone NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 85 18 aided aid VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 85 19 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 85 20 standardization standardization NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 85 21 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 85 22 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 85 23 mapping mapping NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 85 24 component component NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 85 25 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 85 26 providing provide VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 85 27 mappers mapper NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 85 28 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 85 29 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 85 30 common common JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 85 31 language language NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 85 32 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 85 33 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 85 34 system system NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 85 35 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 85 36 landmarks landmark NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 85 37 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 85 38 all all PDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 85 39 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 85 40 libraries library NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 85 41 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 85 42 such such JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 85 43 varied varied JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 85 44 sources source NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 85 45 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 85 46 cosmids cosmid NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 85 47 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 85 48 yeast yeast NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 85 49 artificial artificial JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 85 50 chromosomes chromosome NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 85 51 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 85 52 YACs YACs NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 85 53 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 85 54 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 85 55 other other JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 85 56 rDNAs rdnas CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 85 57 clones clone NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 85 58 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 86 1 This this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 86 2 way way NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 86 3 each each DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 86 4 mapped map VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 86 5 element element NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 86 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 86 7 individual individual JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 86 8 clone clone NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 86 9 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 86 10 contig contig NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 86 11 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 86 12 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 86 13 sequenced sequence VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 86 14 region region NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 86 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 86 16 would would MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 86 17 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 86 18 defined define VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 86 19 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 86 20 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 86 21 unique unique JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 86 22 STS sts NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 86 23 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 87 1 A a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 87 2 crude crude JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 87 3 map map NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 87 4 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 87 5 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 87 6 entire entire JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 87 7 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 87 8 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 87 9 showing show VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 87 10 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 87 11 order order NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 87 12 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 87 13 spacing spacing NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 87 14 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 87 15 STSs sts NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 87 16 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 87 17 could could MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 87 18 then then RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 87 19 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 87 20 constructed construct VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 87 21 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 88 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 88 2 order order NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 88 3 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 88 4 spacing spacing NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 88 5 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 88 6 these these DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 88 7 unique unique JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 88 8 identifier identifier NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 88 9 sequences sequence NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 88 10 composing compose VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 88 11 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 88 12 STS sts NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 88 13 map map NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 88 14 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 88 15 made make VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 88 16 possible possible JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 88 17 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 88 18 development development NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 88 19 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 88 20 Mullis Mullis NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 88 21 ' ' POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 88 22 polymerase polymerase NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 88 23 chain chain NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 88 24 reaction reaction NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 88 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 88 26 PCR PCR NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 88 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 88 28 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 88 29 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 88 30 allows allow VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 88 31 rapid rapid JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 88 32 production production NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 88 33 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 88 34 multiple multiple JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 88 35 copies copy NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 88 36 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 88 37 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 88 38 specific specific JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 88 39 DNA dna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 88 40 fragment fragment NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 88 41 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 88 42 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 88 43 example example NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 88 44 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 88 45 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 88 46 STS sts NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 88 47 fragment fragment NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 88 48 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 89 1 Sequence sequence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 89 2 information information NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 89 3 generated generate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 89 4 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 89 5 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 89 6 way way NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 89 7 could could MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 89 8 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 89 9 recalled recall VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 89 10 easily easily RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 89 11 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 89 12 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 89 13 once once RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 89 14 reported report VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 89 15 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 89 16 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 89 17 database database NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 89 18 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 89 19 would would MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 89 20 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 89 21 available available JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 89 22 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 89 23 other other JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 89 24 investigators investigator NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 89 25 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 90 1 With with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 90 2 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 90 3 STS sts NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 90 4 sequence sequence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 90 5 stored store VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 90 6 electronically electronically RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 90 7 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 90 8 there there EX cord-016293-pyb00pt5 90 9 would would MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 90 10 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 90 11 no no DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 90 12 need need NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 90 13 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 90 14 obtain obtain VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 90 15 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 90 16 probe probe NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 90 17 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 90 18 any any DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 90 19 other other JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 90 20 reagents reagent NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 90 21 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 90 22 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 90 23 original original JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 90 24 investigator investigator NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 90 25 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 91 1 No no RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 91 2 longer long RBR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 91 3 would would MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 91 4 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 91 5 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 91 6 necessary necessary JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 91 7 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 91 8 exchange exchange VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 91 9 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 91 10 store store VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 91 11 hundreds hundred NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 91 12 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 91 13 thousands thousand NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 91 14 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 91 15 clones clone NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 91 16 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 91 17 full full JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 91 18 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 91 19 scale scale NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 91 20 sequencing sequencing NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 91 21 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 91 22 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 91 23 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 91 24 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 91 25 - - : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 91 26 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 91 27 significant significant JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 91 28 saving saving NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 91 29 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 91 30 money money NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 91 31 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 91 32 effort effort NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 91 33 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 91 34 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 91 35 time time NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 91 36 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 92 1 By by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 92 2 providing provide VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 92 3 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 92 4 common common JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 92 5 language language NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 92 6 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 92 7 landmarks landmark NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 92 8 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 92 9 mapping mapping NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 92 10 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 92 11 STS STS NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 92 12 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 92 13 allowed allow VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 92 14 genetic genetic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 92 15 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 92 16 physical physical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 92 17 maps map NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 92 18 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 92 19 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 92 20 cross cros VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 92 21 - - VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 92 22 referenced reference VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 92 23 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 1 With with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 2 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 3 refinement refinement NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 4 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 5 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 6 technique technique NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 7 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 8 go go VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 9 after after IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 10 actual actual JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 11 genes gene NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 12 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 13 Sydney Sydney NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 14 Brenner Brenner NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 15 proposed propose VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 16 sequencing sequencing NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 17 human human NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 18 cDNAs cdna NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 19 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 20 provide provide VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 21 rapid rapid JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 22 access access NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 23 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 24 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 25 genes gene NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 26 stating state VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 27 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 28 ' ' `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 29 One one CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 30 obvious obvious JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 31 way way NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 32 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 33 finding find VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 34 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 35 least least JJS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 36 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 37 large large JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 38 part part NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 39 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 40 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 41 important important JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 42 [ [ -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 43 fraction fraction NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 44 ] ] -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 45 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 46 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 47 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 48 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 49 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 50 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 51 look look VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 52 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 53 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 54 sequences sequence NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 55 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 56 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 57 messenger messenger NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 58 RNA RNA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 59 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 60 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 61 expressed express VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 62 genes gene NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 63 ' ' POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 64 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 65 Brenner Brenner NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 66 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 67 1990 1990 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 68 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 93 69 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 94 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 94 2 following following JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 94 3 year year NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 94 4 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 94 5 man man NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 94 6 who who WP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 94 7 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 94 8 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 94 9 play play VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 94 10 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 94 11 pivotal pivotal JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 94 12 role role NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 94 13 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 94 14 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 94 15 world world NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 94 16 stage stage NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 94 17 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 94 18 became become VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 94 19 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 94 20 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 94 21 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 94 22 project project NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 94 23 suggested suggest VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 94 24 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 94 25 way way NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 94 26 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 94 27 implement implement VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 94 28 Sydney Sydney NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 94 29 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 94 30 approach approach NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 94 31 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 95 1 That that DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 95 2 player player NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 95 3 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 95 4 NIH NIH NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 95 5 biologist biologist NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 95 6 J. J. NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 95 7 Craig Craig NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 95 8 Venter Venter NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 95 9 announced announce VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 95 10 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 95 11 strategy strategy NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 95 12 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 95 13 find find VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 95 14 expressed express VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 95 15 genes gene NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 95 16 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 95 17 using use VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 95 18 ESTs ESTs NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 95 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 95 20 Expressed express VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 95 21 Sequence sequence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 95 22 Tag tag NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 95 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 95 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 95 25 Adams Adams NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 95 26 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 95 27 1991 1991 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 95 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 95 29 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 96 1 These these DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 96 2 so so RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 96 3 called call VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 96 4 ESTs ESTs NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 96 5 represent represent VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 96 6 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 96 7 unique unique JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 96 8 stretch stretch NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 96 9 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 96 10 DNA dna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 96 11 within within IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 96 12 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 96 13 coding code VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 96 14 region region NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 96 15 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 96 16 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 96 17 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 96 18 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 96 19 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 96 20 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 96 21 Sydney Sydney NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 96 22 suggested suggest VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 96 23 would would MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 96 24 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 96 25 useful useful JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 96 26 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 96 27 identifying identify VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 96 28 full full JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 96 29 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 96 30 length length NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 96 31 genes gene NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 96 32 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 96 33 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 96 34 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 96 35 landmark landmark NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 96 36 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 96 37 mapping mapping NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 96 38 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 97 1 So so CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 97 2 using use VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 97 3 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 97 4 approach approach NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 97 5 projects project NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 97 6 were be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 97 7 begun begin VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 97 8 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 97 9 mark mark VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 97 10 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 97 11 sites site NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 97 12 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 97 13 chromosome chromosome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 97 14 maps map NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 97 15 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 97 16 sites site NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 97 17 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 97 18 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 97 19 expression expression NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 97 20 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 98 1 To to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 98 2 help help VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 98 3 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 98 4 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 98 5 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 98 6 more more RBR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 98 7 efficient efficient JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 98 8 method method NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 98 9 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 98 10 handling handle VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 98 11 large large JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 98 12 chunks chunk NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 98 13 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 98 14 sequences sequence NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 98 15 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 98 16 needed need VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 98 17 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 98 18 two two CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 98 19 approaches approach NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 98 20 were be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 98 21 developed develop VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 98 22 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 99 1 Yeast yeast NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 99 2 artificial artificial JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 99 3 chromosomes chromosome NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 99 4 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 99 5 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 99 6 were be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 99 7 developed develop VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 99 8 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 99 9 David David NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 99 10 Burke Burke NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 99 11 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 99 12 Maynard Maynard NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 99 13 Olson Olson NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 99 14 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 99 15 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 99 16 George George NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 99 17 Carle Carle NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 99 18 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 99 19 increased increase VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 99 20 insert insert NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 99 21 size size NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 99 22 10-fold 10-fold JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 100 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 100 2 David David NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 100 3 T. T. NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 100 4 Burke Burke NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 100 5 et et NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 100 6 al al NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 100 7 . . NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 100 8 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 100 9 1987 1987 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 100 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 100 11 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 101 1 Caltech Caltech NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 101 2 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 101 3 second second JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 101 4 major major JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 101 5 contribution contribution NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 101 6 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 101 7 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 101 8 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 101 9 project project NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 101 10 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 101 11 developed develop VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 101 12 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 101 13 Melvin Melvin NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 101 14 Simon Simon NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 101 15 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 101 16 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 101 17 Hiroaki Hiroaki NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 101 18 Shizuya Shizuya NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 101 19 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 102 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 102 2 approach approach NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 102 3 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 102 4 handling handle VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 102 5 large large JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 102 6 DNA dna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 102 7 segments segment NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 102 8 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 102 9 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 102 10 develop develop VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 102 11 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 102 12 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 102 13 artificial artificial JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 102 14 chromosomes chromosome NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 102 15 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 102 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 102 17 BACs BACs NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 102 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 102 19 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 102 20 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 102 21 basically basically RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 102 22 allow allow VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 102 23 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 102 24 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 102 25 replicate replicate VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 102 26 chunks chunk NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 102 27 greater great JJR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 102 28 than than IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 102 29 100,000 100,000 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 102 30 base base NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 102 31 pairs pair NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 102 32 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 102 33 length length NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 102 34 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 103 1 This this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 103 2 efficient efficient JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 103 3 production production NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 103 4 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 103 5 more more RBR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 103 6 stable stable JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 103 7 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 103 8 large large JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 103 9 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 103 10 insert insert NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 103 11 BACs bac NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 103 12 made make VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 103 13 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 103 14 latter latter JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 103 15 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 103 16 even even RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 103 17 more more RBR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 103 18 attractive attractive JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 103 19 option option NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 103 20 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 103 21 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 103 22 they -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 103 23 had have VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 103 24 greater great JJR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 103 25 flexibility flexibility NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 103 26 than than IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 103 27 YACs yac NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 103 28 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 104 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 104 2 1994 1994 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 104 3 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 104 4 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 104 5 collaboration collaboration NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 104 6 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 104 7 presages presage VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 104 8 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 104 9 SNP SNP NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 104 10 Consortium Consortium NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 104 11 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 104 12 Washington Washington NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 104 13 University University NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 104 14 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 104 15 St St NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 104 16 Louis Louis NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 104 17 MO MO NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 104 18 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 104 19 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 104 20 funded fund VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 104 21 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 104 22 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 104 23 pharmaceutical pharmaceutical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 104 24 company company NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 104 25 Merck Merck NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 104 26 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 104 27 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 104 28 National National NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 104 29 Cancer Cancer NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 104 30 Institute Institute NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 104 31 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 104 32 provide provide VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 104 33 sequence sequence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 104 34 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 104 35 those those DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 104 36 ESTs est NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 104 37 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 105 1 More More JJR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 105 2 than than IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 105 3 half half PDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 105 4 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 105 5 million million CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 105 6 ESTs est NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 105 7 were be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 105 8 submitted submit VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 105 9 during during IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 105 10 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 105 11 project project NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 105 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 105 13 Murr Murr NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 105 14 L L NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 105 15 et et NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 105 16 al al NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 105 17 . . NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 105 18 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 105 19 1996 1996 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 105 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 105 21 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 106 1 On on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 106 2 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 106 3 analysis analysis NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 106 4 side side NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 106 5 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 106 6 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 106 7 major major JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 106 8 challenge challenge NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 106 9 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 106 10 manage manage VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 106 11 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 106 12 mine mine VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 106 13 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 106 14 vast vast JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 106 15 amount amount NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 106 16 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 106 17 DNA dna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 106 18 sequence sequence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 106 19 data datum NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 106 20 being be VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 106 21 generated generate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 106 22 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 107 1 A a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 107 2 rate rate NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 107 3 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 107 4 limiting limit VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 107 5 step step NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 107 6 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 107 7 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 107 8 need need NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 107 9 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 107 10 develop develop VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 107 11 semi semi JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 107 12 - - JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 107 13 intelligent intelligent JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 107 14 algorithms algorithm NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 107 15 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 107 16 achieve achieve VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 107 17 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 107 18 Herculean herculean JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 107 19 task task NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 107 20 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 108 1 This this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 108 2 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 108 3 where where WRB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 108 4 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 108 5 discipline discipline NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 108 6 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 108 7 bioinformatics bioinformatic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 108 8 came come VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 108 9 into into IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 108 10 play play NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 108 11 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 109 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 109 2 had have VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 109 3 been be VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 109 4 evolving evolve VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 109 5 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 109 6 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 109 7 discipline discipline NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 109 8 since since IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 109 9 Margaret Margaret NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 109 10 Oakley Oakley NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 109 11 Dayhoff Dayhoff NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 109 12 used use VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 109 13 her -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 109 14 knowledge knowledge NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 109 15 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 109 16 chemistry chemistry NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 109 17 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 109 18 mathematics mathematic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 109 19 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 109 20 biology biology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 109 21 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 109 22 computer computer NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 109 23 science science NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 109 24 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 109 25 develop develop VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 109 26 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 109 27 entirely entirely RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 109 28 new new JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 109 29 field field NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 109 30 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 109 31 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 109 32 early early JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 109 33 sixties sixty NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 109 34 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 110 1 She -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 110 2 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 110 3 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 110 4 fact fact NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 110 5 credited credit VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 110 6 today today NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 110 7 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 110 8 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 110 9 founder founder NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 110 10 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 110 11 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 110 12 field field NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 110 13 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 110 14 bioinformatics bioinformatic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 110 15 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 110 16 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 110 17 biology biology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 110 18 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 110 19 computer computer NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 110 20 science science NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 110 21 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 110 22 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 110 23 information information NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 110 24 technology technology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 110 25 merge merge VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 110 26 into into IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 110 27 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 110 28 single single JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 110 29 discipline discipline NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 110 30 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 111 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 111 2 ultimate ultimate JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 111 3 goal goal NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 111 4 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 111 5 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 111 6 field field NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 111 7 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 111 8 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 111 9 enable enable VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 111 10 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 111 11 discovery discovery NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 111 12 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 111 13 new new JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 111 14 biological biological JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 111 15 insights insight NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 111 16 as as RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 111 17 well well RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 111 18 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 111 19 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 111 20 create create VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 111 21 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 111 22 global global JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 111 23 perspective perspective NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 111 24 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 111 25 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 111 26 unifying unifying JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 111 27 principles principle NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 111 28 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 111 29 biology biology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 111 30 can can MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 111 31 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 111 32 discerned discern VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 111 33 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 1 There there EX cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 2 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 3 three three CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 4 important important JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 5 sub sub NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 6 - - NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 7 disciplines discipline NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 8 within within IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 9 bioinformatics bioinformatic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 10 : : : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 11 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 12 development development NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 13 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 14 new new JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 15 algorithms algorithm NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 16 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 17 statistics statistic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 18 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 19 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 20 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 21 assess assess VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 22 relationships relationship NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 23 among among IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 24 members member NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 25 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 26 large large JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 27 data data NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 28 sets set NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 29 ; ; : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 30 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 31 analysis analysis NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 32 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 33 interpretation interpretation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 34 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 35 various various JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 36 types type NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 37 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 38 data datum NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 39 including include VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 40 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 41 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 42 amino amino NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 43 acid acid NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 44 sequences sequence NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 45 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 46 protein protein NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 47 domains domain NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 48 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 49 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 50 protein protein NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 51 structures structure NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 52 ; ; : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 53 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 54 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 55 development development NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 56 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 57 implementation implementation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 58 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 59 tools tool NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 60 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 61 enable enable VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 62 efficient efficient JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 63 access access NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 64 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 65 management management NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 66 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 67 different different JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 68 types type NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 69 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 70 information information NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 112 71 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 113 1 Paralleling parallel VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 113 2 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 113 3 rapid rapid JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 113 4 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 113 5 very very RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 113 6 public public JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 113 7 ascent ascent NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 113 8 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 113 9 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 113 10 DNA dna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 113 11 technology technology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 113 12 during during IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 113 13 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 113 14 previous previous JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 113 15 two two CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 113 16 decades decade NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 113 17 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 113 18 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 113 19 analytic analytic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 113 20 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 113 21 management management NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 113 22 tools tool NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 113 23 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 113 24 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 113 25 discipline discipline NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 113 26 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 113 27 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 113 28 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 113 29 become become VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 113 30 bioinformatics bioinformatic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 113 31 evolved evolve VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 113 32 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 113 33 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 113 34 more more RBR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 113 35 subdued subdued JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 113 36 but but CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 113 37 equally equally RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 113 38 impressive impressive JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 113 39 pace pace NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 113 40 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 1 Some some DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 2 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 3 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 4 key key JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 5 developments development NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 6 included include VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 7 tools tool NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 8 such such JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 9 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 10 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 11 Needleman Needleman NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 12 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 13 Wunsch Wunsch NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 14 algorithm algorithm NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 15 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 16 sequence sequence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 17 comparison comparison NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 18 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 19 appeared appear VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 20 even even RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 21 before before IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 22 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 23 DNA dna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 24 technology technology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 25 had have VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 26 been be VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 27 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 28 as as RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 29 early early RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 30 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 31 1970 1970 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 32 ; ; : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 33 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 34 Smith Smith NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 35 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 36 Waterman Waterman NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 37 algorithm algorithm NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 38 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 39 sequence sequence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 40 alignment alignment NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 42 1974 1974 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 44 ; ; : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 45 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 46 FASTP FASTP NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 47 algorithm algorithm NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 48 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 49 1985 1985 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 50 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 51 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 52 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 53 FASTA FASTA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 54 algorithm algorithm NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 55 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 56 sequence sequence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 57 comparison comparison NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 58 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 59 Pearson Pearson NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 60 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 61 Lupman Lupman NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 62 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 63 1988 1988 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 64 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 65 Perl Perl NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 66 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 67 Practical Practical NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 68 Extraction Extraction NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 69 Report Report NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 70 Language Language NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 71 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 72 released release VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 73 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 74 Larry Larry NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 75 Wall Wall NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 76 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 77 1987 1987 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 114 78 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 115 1 On on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 115 2 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 115 3 data data NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 115 4 management management NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 115 5 side side NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 115 6 several several JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 115 7 databases database NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 115 8 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 115 9 ever ever RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 115 10 more more RBR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 115 11 effective effective JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 115 12 storage storage NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 115 13 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 115 14 mining mining NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 115 15 capabilities capability NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 115 16 were be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 115 17 developed develop VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 115 18 over over IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 115 19 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 115 20 same same JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 115 21 period period NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 115 22 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 116 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 116 2 first first JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 116 3 bioinformatic bioinformatic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 116 4 / / SYM cord-016293-pyb00pt5 116 5 biological biological JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 116 6 databases database NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 116 7 were be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 116 8 constructed construct VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 116 9 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 116 10 few few JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 116 11 years year NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 116 12 after after IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 116 13 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 116 14 first first JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 116 15 protein protein NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 116 16 sequences sequence NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 116 17 began begin VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 116 18 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 116 19 become become VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 116 20 available available JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 116 21 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 117 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 117 2 first first JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 117 3 protein protein NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 117 4 sequence sequence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 117 5 reported report VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 117 6 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 117 7 that that DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 117 8 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 117 9 bovine bovine JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 117 10 insulin insulin NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 117 11 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 117 12 1956 1956 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 117 13 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 117 14 consisting consist VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 117 15 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 117 16 51 51 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 117 17 residues residue NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 117 18 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 118 1 Nearly nearly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 118 2 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 118 3 decade decade NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 118 4 later later RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 118 5 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 118 6 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 118 7 first first JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 118 8 nucleic nucleic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 118 9 acid acid NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 118 10 sequence sequence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 118 11 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 118 12 reported report VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 118 13 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 118 14 that that DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 118 15 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 118 16 yeast yeast NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 118 17 alanine alanine NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 118 18 tRNA tRNA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 118 19 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 118 20 77 77 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 118 21 bases basis NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 118 22 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 119 1 Just just RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 119 2 one one CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 119 3 year year NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 119 4 later later RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 119 5 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 119 6 Dayhoff Dayhoff NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 119 7 gathered gather VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 119 8 all all PDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 119 9 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 119 10 available available JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 119 11 sequence sequence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 119 12 data datum NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 119 13 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 119 14 create create VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 119 15 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 119 16 first first JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 119 17 bioinformatic bioinformatic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 119 18 database database NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 119 19 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 120 1 One one CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 120 2 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 120 3 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 120 4 first first JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 120 5 dedicated dedicated JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 120 6 databases database NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 120 7 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 120 8 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 120 9 Brookhaven Brookhaven NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 120 10 Protein Protein NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 120 11 DataBank DataBank NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 120 12 whose whose WP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 120 13 collection collection NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 120 14 consisted consist VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 120 15 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 120 16 ten ten CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 120 17 X x NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 120 18 - - NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 120 19 ray ray JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 120 20 crystallographic crystallographic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 120 21 protein protein NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 120 22 structures structure NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 120 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 120 24 Acta Acta NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 120 25 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 121 1 Cryst Cryst NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 121 2 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 122 1 B b NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 122 2 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 122 3 1973 1973 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 122 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 122 5 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 123 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 123 2 year year NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 123 3 1982 1982 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 123 4 saw see VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 123 5 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 123 6 creation creation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 123 7 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 123 8 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 123 9 Genetics Genetics NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 123 10 Computer Computer NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 123 11 Group Group NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 123 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 123 13 GCG GCG NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 123 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 123 15 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 123 16 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 123 17 part part NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 123 18 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 123 19 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 123 20 University University NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 123 21 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 123 22 Wisconsin Wisconsin NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 123 23 Biotechnology Biotechnology NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 123 24 Center Center NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 123 25 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 124 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 124 2 group group NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 124 3 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 124 4 primary primary JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 124 5 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 124 6 much much JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 124 7 used use VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 124 8 product product NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 124 9 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 124 10 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 124 11 Wisconsin Wisconsin NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 124 12 Suite Suite NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 124 13 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 124 14 molecular molecular JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 124 15 biology biology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 124 16 tools tool NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 124 17 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 125 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 125 2 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 125 3 spun spin VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 125 4 off off RP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 125 5 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 125 6 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 125 7 private private JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 125 8 company company NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 125 9 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 125 10 1989 1989 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 125 11 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 126 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 126 2 SWISS swiss JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 126 3 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 126 4 PROT prot NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 126 5 database database NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 126 6 made make VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 126 7 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 126 8 debut debut NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 126 9 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 126 10 1986 1986 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 126 11 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 126 12 Europe Europe NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 126 13 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 126 14 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 126 15 Department Department NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 126 16 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 126 17 Medical Medical NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 126 18 Biochemistry Biochemistry NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 126 19 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 126 20 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 126 21 University University NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 126 22 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 126 23 Geneva Geneva NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 126 24 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 126 25 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 126 26 European European NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 126 27 Molecular Molecular NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 126 28 Biology Biology NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 126 29 Laboratory Laboratory NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 126 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 126 31 EMBL EMBL NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 126 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 126 33 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 127 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 127 2 first first JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 127 3 dedicated dedicated JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 127 4 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 127 5 bioinformatics bioinformatic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 127 6 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 127 7 company company NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 127 8 IntelliGenetics IntelliGenetics NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 127 9 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 127 10 Inc. Inc. NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 127 11 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 127 12 founded found VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 127 13 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 127 14 California California NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 127 15 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 127 16 1980 1980 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 127 17 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 128 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 128 2 primary primary JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 128 3 product product NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 128 4 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 128 5 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 128 6 IntelliGenetics IntelliGenetics NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 128 7 Suite Suite NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 128 8 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 128 9 programs program NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 128 10 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 128 11 DNA dna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 128 12 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 128 13 protein protein NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 128 14 sequence sequence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 128 15 analysis analysis NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 128 16 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 129 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 129 2 first first JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 129 3 unified unified JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 129 4 federal federal JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 129 5 effort effort NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 129 6 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 129 7 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 129 8 National National NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 129 9 Center Center NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 129 10 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 129 11 Biotechnology Biotechnology NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 129 12 Information Information NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 129 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 129 14 NCBI NCBI NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 129 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 129 16 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 129 17 created create VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 129 18 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 129 19 NIH NIH NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 129 20 / / SYM cord-016293-pyb00pt5 129 21 NLM NLM NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 129 22 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 129 23 1988 1988 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 129 24 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 129 25 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 129 26 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 129 27 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 129 28 play play VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 129 29 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 129 30 crucial crucial JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 129 31 part part NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 129 32 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 129 33 coordinating coordinate VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 129 34 public public JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 129 35 databases database NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 129 36 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 129 37 developing develop VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 129 38 software software NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 129 39 tools tool NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 129 40 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 129 41 analyzing analyze VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 129 42 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 129 43 data datum NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 129 44 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 129 45 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 129 46 disseminating disseminate VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 129 47 information information NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 129 48 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 130 1 And and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 130 2 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 130 3 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 130 4 other other JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 130 5 side side NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 130 6 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 130 7 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 130 8 Atlantic Atlantic NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 130 9 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 130 10 Oxford Oxford NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 130 11 Molecular Molecular NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 130 12 Group Group NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 130 13 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 130 14 Ltd. Ltd. NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 130 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 130 16 OMG omg UH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 130 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 130 18 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 130 19 founded found VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 130 20 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 130 21 Oxford Oxford NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 130 22 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 130 23 UK UK NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 130 24 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 130 25 Anthony Anthony NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 130 26 Marchington Marchington NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 130 27 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 130 28 David David NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 130 29 Ricketts Ricketts NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 130 30 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 130 31 James James NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 130 32 Hiddleston Hiddleston NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 130 33 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 130 34 Anthony Anthony NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 130 35 Rees Rees NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 130 36 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 130 37 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 130 38 W. W. NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 130 39 Graham Graham NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 130 40 Richards Richards NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 130 41 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 131 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 131 2 primary primary JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 131 3 focus focus NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 131 4 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 131 5 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 131 6 rational rational JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 131 7 drug drug NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 131 8 design design NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 131 9 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 131 10 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 131 11 products product NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 131 12 such such JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 131 13 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 131 14 Anaconda Anaconda NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 131 15 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 131 16 Asp Asp NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 131 17 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 131 18 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 131 19 Chameleon Chameleon NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 131 20 obviously obviously RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 131 21 reflected reflect VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 131 22 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 131 23 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 131 24 they -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 131 25 were be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 131 26 applied apply VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 131 27 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 131 28 molecular molecular JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 131 29 modeling modeling NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 131 30 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 131 31 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 131 32 protein protein NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 131 33 design design NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 131 34 engineering engineering NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 131 35 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 132 1 Within within IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 132 2 two two CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 132 3 years year NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 132 4 NCBI NCBI NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 132 5 were be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 132 6 making make VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 132 7 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 132 8 mark mark NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 132 9 when when WRB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 132 10 David David NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 132 11 Lipman Lipman NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 132 12 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 132 13 Eugene Eugene NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 132 14 Myers Myers NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 132 15 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 132 16 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 132 17 colleagues colleague NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 132 18 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 132 19 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 132 20 NCBI NCBI NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 132 21 published publish VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 132 22 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 132 23 Basic Basic NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 132 24 Local Local NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 132 25 Alignment Alignment NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 132 26 Search Search NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 132 27 Tool Tool NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 132 28 BLAST blast NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 132 29 algorithm algorithm NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 132 30 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 132 31 aligning align VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 132 32 sequences sequence NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 132 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 132 34 Altschul Altschul NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 132 35 et et FW cord-016293-pyb00pt5 132 36 al al NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 132 37 . . NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 132 38 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 132 39 1990 1990 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 132 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 132 41 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 133 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 133 2 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 133 3 used use VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 133 4 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 133 5 compare compare VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 133 6 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 133 7 novel novel JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 133 8 sequence sequence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 133 9 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 133 10 those those DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 133 11 contained contain VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 133 12 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 133 13 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 133 14 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 133 15 protein protein NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 133 16 databases database NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 133 17 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 133 18 aligning align VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 133 19 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 133 20 novel novel JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 133 21 sequence sequence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 133 22 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 133 23 previously previously RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 133 24 characterized characterize VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 133 25 genes gene NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 133 26 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 134 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 134 2 emphasis emphasis NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 134 3 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 134 4 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 134 5 tool tool NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 134 6 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 134 7 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 134 8 find find VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 134 9 regions region NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 134 10 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 134 11 sequence sequence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 134 12 similarity similarity NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 134 13 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 134 14 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 134 15 will will MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 134 16 yield yield VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 134 17 functional functional JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 134 18 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 134 19 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 134 20 clues clue NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 134 21 about about IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 134 22 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 134 23 structure structure NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 134 24 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 134 25 function function NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 134 26 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 134 27 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 134 28 novel novel JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 134 29 sequence sequence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 134 30 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 135 1 Regions region NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 135 2 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 135 3 similarity similarity NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 135 4 detected detect VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 135 5 via via IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 135 6 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 135 7 type type NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 135 8 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 135 9 alignment alignment NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 135 10 tool tool NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 135 11 can can MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 135 12 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 135 13 either either CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 135 14 local local JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 135 15 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 135 16 where where WRB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 135 17 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 135 18 region region NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 135 19 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 135 20 similarity similarity NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 135 21 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 135 22 based base VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 135 23 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 135 24 one one CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 135 25 location location NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 135 26 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 135 27 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 135 28 global global JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 135 29 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 135 30 where where WRB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 135 31 regions region NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 135 32 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 135 33 similarity similarity NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 135 34 can can MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 135 35 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 135 36 detected detect VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 135 37 across across IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 135 38 otherwise otherwise RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 135 39 unrelated unrelated JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 135 40 genetic genetic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 135 41 code code NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 135 42 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 136 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 136 2 fundamental fundamental JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 136 3 unit unit NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 136 4 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 136 5 BLAST blast NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 136 6 algorithm algorithm NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 136 7 output output NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 136 8 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 136 9 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 136 10 High High NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 136 11 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 136 12 scoring score VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 136 13 Segment Segment NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 136 14 Pair Pair NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 136 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 136 16 HSP HSP NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 136 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 136 18 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 137 1 An an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 137 2 HSP HSP NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 137 3 consists consist VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 137 4 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 137 5 two two CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 137 6 sequence sequence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 137 7 fragments fragment NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 137 8 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 137 9 arbitrary arbitrary JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 137 10 but but CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 137 11 equal equal JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 137 12 length length NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 137 13 whose whose WP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 137 14 alignment alignment NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 137 15 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 137 16 locally locally RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 137 17 maximal maximal JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 137 18 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 137 19 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 137 20 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 137 21 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 137 22 alignment alignment NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 137 23 score score NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 137 24 meets meet VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 137 25 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 137 26 exceeds exceed VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 137 27 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 137 28 threshold threshold NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 137 29 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 137 30 cutoff cutoff NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 137 31 score score NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 137 32 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 138 1 This this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 138 2 system system NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 138 3 has have VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 138 4 been be VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 138 5 refined refine VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 138 6 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 138 7 modified modify VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 138 8 over over IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 138 9 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 138 10 years year NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 138 11 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 138 12 two two CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 138 13 principal principal JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 138 14 variants variant NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 138 15 presently presently RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 138 16 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 138 17 use use NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 138 18 being be VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 138 19 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 138 20 NCBI NCBI NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 138 21 BLAST blast NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 138 22 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 138 23 WU WU NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 138 24 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 138 25 BLAST BLAST NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 138 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 138 27 WU WU NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 138 28 signifying signify VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 138 29 Washington Washington NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 138 30 University University NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 138 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 138 32 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 139 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 139 2 same same JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 139 3 year year NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 139 4 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 139 5 BLAST blast NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 139 6 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 139 7 launched launch VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 139 8 two two CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 139 9 other other JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 139 10 bioinformatics bioinformatics NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 139 11 companies company NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 139 12 were be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 139 13 launched launch VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 139 14 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 140 1 One one CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 140 2 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 140 3 InforMax InforMax NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 140 4 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 140 5 Bethesda Bethesda NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 140 6 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 140 7 MD MD NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 140 8 whose whose WP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 140 9 products product NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 140 10 addressed address VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 140 11 sequence sequence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 140 12 analysis analysis NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 140 13 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 140 14 database database NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 140 15 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 140 16 data datum NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 140 17 management management NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 140 18 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 140 19 searching searching NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 140 20 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 140 21 publication publication NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 140 22 graphics graphic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 140 23 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 140 24 clone clone NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 140 25 construction construction NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 140 26 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 140 27 mapping mapping NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 140 28 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 140 29 primer primer NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 140 30 design design NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 140 31 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 141 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 141 2 second second JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 141 3 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 141 4 Molecular Molecular NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 141 5 Applications Applications NNPS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 141 6 Group Group NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 141 7 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 141 8 California California NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 141 9 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 141 10 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 141 11 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 141 12 play play VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 141 13 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 141 14 bigger big JJR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 141 15 part part NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 141 16 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 141 17 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 141 18 proteomics proteomic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 141 19 end end NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 142 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 142 2 Michael Michael NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 142 3 Levitt Levitt NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 142 4 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 142 5 Chris Chris NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 142 6 Lee Lee NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 142 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 142 8 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 143 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 143 2 primary primary JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 143 3 products product NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 143 4 were be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 143 5 Look look VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 143 6 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 143 7 SegMod SegMod NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 143 8 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 143 9 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 143 10 used use VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 143 11 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 143 12 molecular molecular JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 143 13 modeling modeling NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 143 14 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 143 15 protein protein NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 143 16 design design NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 143 17 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 144 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 144 2 following following JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 144 3 year year NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 144 4 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 144 5 1991 1991 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 144 6 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 144 7 Human Human NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 144 8 chromosome chromosome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 144 9 mapping mapping NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 144 10 data datum NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 144 11 repository repository NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 144 12 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 144 13 Genome Genome NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 144 14 Data Data NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 144 15 Base Base NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 144 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 144 17 GDB GDB NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 144 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 144 19 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 144 20 established establish VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 144 21 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 145 1 On on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 145 2 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 145 3 more more RBR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 145 4 global global JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 145 5 level level NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 145 6 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 145 7 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 145 8 development development NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 145 9 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 145 10 computational computational JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 145 11 capabilities capability NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 145 12 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 145 13 general general JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 145 14 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 145 15 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 145 16 Internet internet NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 145 17 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 145 18 specific specific JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 145 19 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 145 20 also also RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 145 21 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 145 22 play play VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 145 23 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 145 24 considerable considerable JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 145 25 part part NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 145 26 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 145 27 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 145 28 sharing sharing NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 145 29 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 145 30 data datum NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 145 31 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 145 32 access access NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 145 33 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 145 34 databases database NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 145 35 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 145 36 rendered render VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 145 37 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 145 38 rapidity rapidity NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 145 39 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 145 40 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 145 41 forward forward JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 145 42 momentum momentum NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 145 43 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 145 44 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 145 45 HGP HGP NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 145 46 possible possible JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 145 47 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 146 1 Also also RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 146 2 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 146 3 1991 1991 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 146 4 Edward Edward NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 146 5 Uberbacher Uberbacher NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 146 6 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 146 7 Oak Oak NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 146 8 Ridge Ridge NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 146 9 National National NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 146 10 Laboratory Laboratory NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 146 11 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 146 12 Tennessee Tennessee NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 146 13 developed develop VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 146 14 GRAIL GRAIL NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 146 15 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 146 16 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 146 17 first first JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 146 18 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 146 19 many many JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 146 20 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 146 21 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 146 22 finding find VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 146 23 programs program NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 146 24 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 147 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 147 2 1992 1992 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 147 3 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 147 4 first first JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 147 5 two two CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 147 6 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 147 7 genomics genomic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 147 8 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 147 9 companies company NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 147 10 made make VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 147 11 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 147 12 appearance appearance NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 147 13 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 148 1 Incyte Incyte NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 148 2 Pharmaceuticals Pharmaceuticals NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 148 3 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 148 4 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 148 5 genomics genomic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 148 6 company company NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 148 7 headquartered headquarter VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 148 8 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 148 9 Palo Palo NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 148 10 Alto Alto NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 148 11 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 148 12 California California NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 148 13 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 148 14 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 148 15 formed form VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 148 16 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 148 17 Myriad Myriad NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 148 18 Genetics Genetics NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 148 19 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 148 20 Inc. Inc. NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 148 21 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 148 22 founded found VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 148 23 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 148 24 Utah Utah NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 148 25 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 149 1 Incyte Incyte NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 149 2 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 149 3 stated state VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 149 4 goal goal NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 149 5 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 149 6 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 149 7 lead lead VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 149 8 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 149 9 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 149 10 discovery discovery NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 149 11 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 149 12 major major JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 149 13 common common JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 149 14 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 149 15 disease disease NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 149 16 genes gene NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 149 17 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 149 18 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 149 19 related related JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 149 20 pathways pathway NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 149 21 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 150 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 150 2 company company NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 150 3 discovered discover VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 150 4 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 150 5 sequenced sequence VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 150 6 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 150 7 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 150 8 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 150 9 academic academic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 150 10 collaborators collaborator NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 150 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 150 12 originally originally RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 150 13 Synteni Synteni NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 150 14 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 150 15 Pat Pat NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 150 16 Brown Brown NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 150 17 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 150 18 lab lab NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 150 19 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 150 20 Stanford Stanford NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 150 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 150 22 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 150 23 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 150 24 number number NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 150 25 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 150 26 important important JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 150 27 genes gene NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 150 28 including include VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 150 29 BRCA1 BRCA1 NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 150 30 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 150 31 BRCA2 brca2 XX cord-016293-pyb00pt5 150 32 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 150 33 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 150 34 Mary Mary NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 150 35 Claire Claire NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 150 36 King King NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 150 37 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 150 38 epidemiologist epidemiologist NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 150 39 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 150 40 UC UC NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 150 41 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 150 42 Berkeley Berkeley NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 150 43 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 150 44 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 150 45 genes gene NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 150 46 linked link VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 150 47 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 150 48 breast breast NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 150 49 cancer cancer NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 150 50 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 150 51 families family NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 150 52 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 150 53 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 150 54 high high JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 150 55 degree degree NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 150 56 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 150 57 incidence incidence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 150 58 before before IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 150 59 age age NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 150 60 45 45 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 150 61 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 151 1 By by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 151 2 1992 1992 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 151 3 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 151 4 low low JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 151 5 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 151 6 resolution resolution NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 151 7 genetic genetic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 151 8 linkage linkage NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 151 9 map map NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 151 10 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 151 11 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 151 12 entire entire JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 151 13 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 151 14 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 151 15 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 151 16 published publish VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 151 17 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 151 18 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 151 19 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 151 20 French french JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 151 21 teams team NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 151 22 completed complete VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 151 23 genetic genetic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 151 24 maps map NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 151 25 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 151 26 both both DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 151 27 mouse mouse NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 151 28 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 151 29 man man NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 151 30 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 152 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 152 2 mouse mouse NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 152 3 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 152 4 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 152 5 average average JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 152 6 marker marker NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 152 7 spacing spacing NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 152 8 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 152 9 4.3 4.3 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 152 10 cM cM NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 152 11 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 152 12 determined determine VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 152 13 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 152 14 Eric Eric NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 152 15 Lander Lander NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 152 16 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 152 17 colleagues colleague NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 152 18 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 152 19 Whitehead Whitehead NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 152 20 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 152 21 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 152 22 human human NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 152 23 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 152 24 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 152 25 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 152 26 average average JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 152 27 marker marker NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 152 28 spacing spacing NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 152 29 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 152 30 5 5 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 152 31 cM cM NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 152 32 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 152 33 Jean Jean NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 152 34 Weissenbach Weissenbach NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 152 35 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 152 36 colleagues colleague NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 152 37 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 152 38 CEPH CEPH NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 152 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 152 40 Centre Centre NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 152 41 d'Etude d'Etude NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 152 42 du du NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 152 43 Polymorphisme Polymorphisme NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 152 44 Humaine Humaine NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 152 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 152 46 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 153 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 153 2 latter latter JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 153 3 institute institute NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 153 4 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 153 5 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 153 6 subject subject NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 153 7 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 153 8 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 153 9 rather rather RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 153 10 scathing scathing JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 153 11 book book NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 153 12 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 153 13 Paul Paul NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 153 14 Rabinow Rabinow NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 153 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 153 16 1999 1999 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 153 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 153 18 based base VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 153 19 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 153 20 what what WP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 153 21 they -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 153 22 did do VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 153 23 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 153 24 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 153 25 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 153 26 map map NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 153 27 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 154 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 154 2 1993 1993 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 154 3 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 154 4 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 154 5 American american JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 154 6 biotechnology biotechnology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 154 7 company company NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 154 8 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 154 9 Millennium Millennium NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 154 10 Pharmaceuticals Pharmaceuticals NNPS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 154 11 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 154 12 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 154 13 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 154 14 CEPH CEPH NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 154 15 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 154 16 developed develop VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 154 17 plans plan NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 154 18 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 154 19 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 154 20 collaborative collaborative JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 154 21 effort effort NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 154 22 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 154 23 discover discover VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 154 24 diabetes diabetes NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 154 25 genes gene NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 154 26 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 155 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 155 2 results result NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 155 3 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 155 4 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 155 5 collaboration collaboration NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 155 6 could could MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 155 7 have have VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 155 8 been be VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 155 9 medically medically RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 155 10 significant significant JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 155 11 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 155 12 financially financially RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 155 13 lucrative lucrative JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 155 14 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 156 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 156 2 two two CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 156 3 parties party NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 156 4 had have VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 156 5 agreed agree VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 156 6 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 156 7 CEPH CEPH NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 156 8 would would MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 156 9 supply supply VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 156 10 Millennium Millennium NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 156 11 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 156 12 germplasm germplasm NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 156 13 collected collect VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 156 14 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 156 15 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 156 16 large large JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 156 17 coterie coterie NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 156 18 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 156 19 French french JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 156 20 families family NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 156 21 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 156 22 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 156 23 Millennium Millennium NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 156 24 would would MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 156 25 supply supply VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 156 26 funding funding NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 156 27 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 156 28 expertise expertise NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 156 29 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 156 30 new new JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 156 31 technologies technology NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 156 32 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 156 33 accelerate accelerate VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 156 34 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 156 35 identification identification NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 156 36 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 156 37 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 156 38 genes gene NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 156 39 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 156 40 terms term NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 156 41 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 156 42 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 156 43 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 156 44 French french JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 156 45 government government NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 156 46 had have VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 156 47 agreed agree VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 156 48 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 157 1 But but CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 157 2 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 157 3 early early JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 157 4 1994 1994 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 157 5 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 157 6 just just RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 157 7 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 157 8 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 157 9 collaboration collaboration NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 157 10 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 157 11 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 157 12 begin begin VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 157 13 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 157 14 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 157 15 French french JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 157 16 government government NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 157 17 cried cry VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 157 18 halt halt VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 157 19 ! ! . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 158 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 158 2 government government NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 158 3 explained explain VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 158 4 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 158 5 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 158 6 CEPH CEPH NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 158 7 could could MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 158 8 not not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 158 9 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 158 10 permitted permit VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 158 11 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 158 12 give give VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 158 13 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 158 14 Americans Americans NNPS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 158 15 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 158 16 most most RBS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 158 17 precious precious JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 158 18 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 158 19 substances substance NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 158 20 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 158 21 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 158 22 there there EX cord-016293-pyb00pt5 158 23 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 158 24 no no DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 158 25 precedent precedent NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 158 26 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 158 27 law law NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 158 28 -French -french CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 158 29 DNA DNA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 158 30 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 159 1 Rabinow Rabinow NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 159 2 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 159 3 book book NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 159 4 discusses discuss VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 159 5 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 159 6 tangled tangled JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 159 7 relations relation NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 159 8 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 159 9 conceptions conception NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 159 10 such such JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 159 11 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 159 12 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 159 13 can can MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 159 14 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 159 15 country country NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 159 16 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 159 17 said say VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 159 18 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 159 19 have have VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 159 20 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 159 21 own own JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 159 22 genetic genetic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 159 23 material material NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 159 24 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 159 25 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 159 26 first first JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 159 27 but but CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 159 28 hardly hardly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 159 29 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 159 30 last last JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 159 31 Franco Franco NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 159 32 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 159 33 American american JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 159 34 disavowal disavowal NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 159 35 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 159 36 détente détente NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 159 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 159 38 Paul Paul NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 159 39 Rabinow Rabinow NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 159 40 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 159 41 1999 1999 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 159 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 159 43 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 160 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 160 2 latest late JJS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 160 3 facilities facility NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 160 4 such such JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 160 5 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 160 6 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 160 7 Joint Joint NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 160 8 Genome Genome NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 160 9 Institute Institute NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 160 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 160 11 JGI JGI NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 160 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 160 13 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 160 14 Walnut Walnut NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 160 15 Creek Creek NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 160 16 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 160 17 CA CA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 160 18 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 160 19 now now RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 160 20 able able JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 160 21 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 160 22 sequence sequence VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 160 23 up up RP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 160 24 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 160 25 10Mb 10mb CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 160 26 per per IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 160 27 day day NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 160 28 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 160 29 makes make VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 160 30 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 160 31 possible possible JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 160 32 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 160 33 sequence sequence VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 160 34 whole whole JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 160 35 microbial microbial JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 160 36 genomes genome NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 160 37 within within IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 160 38 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 160 39 day day NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 160 40 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 161 1 Technologies technology NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 161 2 currently currently RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 161 3 under under IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 161 4 development development NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 161 5 will will MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 161 6 probably probably RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 161 7 increase increase VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 161 8 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 161 9 capacity capacity NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 161 10 yet yet RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 161 11 further far RBR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 161 12 through through IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 161 13 massively massively RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 161 14 parallel parallel JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 161 15 sequencing sequencing NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 161 16 and/or and/or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 161 17 microfluidic microfluidic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 161 18 processing processing NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 161 19 making make VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 161 20 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 161 21 possible possible JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 161 22 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 161 23 sequence sequence VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 161 24 multiple multiple JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 161 25 genotypes genotype NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 161 26 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 161 27 several several JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 161 28 species specie NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 161 29 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 162 1 Nineteen nineteen CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 162 2 ninety ninety CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 162 3 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 162 4 two two CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 162 5 saw see VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 162 6 one one CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 162 7 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 162 8 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 162 9 first first JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 162 10 shakeups shakeup NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 162 11 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 162 12 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 162 13 progress progress NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 162 14 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 162 15 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 162 16 HGP HGP NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 162 17 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 163 1 That that DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 163 2 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 163 3 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 163 4 year year NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 163 5 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 163 6 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 163 7 first first JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 163 8 major major JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 163 9 outsider outsider NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 163 10 entered enter VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 163 11 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 163 12 race race NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 163 13 when when WRB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 163 14 Britain Britain NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 163 15 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 163 16 Wellcome Wellcome NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 163 17 Trust Trust NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 163 18 plunked plunk VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 163 19 down down RP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 163 20 $ $ $ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 163 21 95 95 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 163 22 million million CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 163 23 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 163 24 join join VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 163 25 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 163 26 HGP hgp NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 163 27 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 164 1 This this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 164 2 caused cause VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 164 3 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 164 4 mere mere JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 164 5 ripple ripple NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 164 6 while while IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 164 7 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 164 8 principal principal JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 164 9 shake shake NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 164 10 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 164 11 ups up NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 164 12 occurred occur VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 164 13 stateside stateside RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 164 14 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 165 1 Much much JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 165 2 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 165 3 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 165 4 debate debate NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 165 5 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 165 6 subsequently subsequently RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 165 7 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 165 8 direction direction NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 165 9 all all PDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 165 10 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 165 11 way way NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 165 12 through through IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 165 13 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 165 14 HGP hgp NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 165 15 process process NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 165 16 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 165 17 shaped shape VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 165 18 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 165 19 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 165 20 personalities personality NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 165 21 involved involve VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 165 22 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 166 1 As as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 166 2 noted note VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 166 3 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 166 4 application application NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 166 5 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 166 6 one one CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 166 7 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 166 8 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 166 9 innovative innovative JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 166 10 techniques technique NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 166 11 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 166 12 namely namely RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 166 13 ESTs ESTs NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 166 14 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 166 15 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 166 16 do do VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 166 17 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 166 18 end end NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 166 19 run run VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 166 20 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 166 21 patenting patent VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 166 22 introduced introduce VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 166 23 one one CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 166 24 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 166 25 those those DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 166 26 major major JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 166 27 players player NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 166 28 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 166 29 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 166 30 fray fray NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 166 31 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 166 32 Craig Craig NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 166 33 Venter Venter NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 166 34 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 167 1 Venter Venter NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 167 2 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 167 3 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 167 4 high high JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 167 5 school school NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 167 6 drop drop NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 167 7 out out RP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 167 8 who who WP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 167 9 reached reach VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 167 10 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 167 11 age age NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 167 12 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 167 13 majority majority NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 167 14 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 167 15 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 167 16 killing kill VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 167 17 fields field NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 167 18 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 167 19 Vietnam Vietnam NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 167 20 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 167 21 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 167 22 play play VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 167 23 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 167 24 pivotal pivotal JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 167 25 role role NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 167 26 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 167 27 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 167 28 more more RBR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 167 29 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 167 30 civilized civilized JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 167 31 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 167 32 but but CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 167 33 no no DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 167 34 less less RBR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 167 35 combative combative JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 167 36 field field NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 167 37 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 167 38 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 167 39 endeavor endeavor NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 167 40 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 168 1 He -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 168 2 came come VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 168 3 onto onto IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 168 4 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 168 5 world world NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 168 6 stage stage NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 168 7 through through IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 168 8 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 168 9 initial initial JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 168 10 work work NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 168 11 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 168 12 ESTs est NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 168 13 while while IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 168 14 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 168 15 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 168 16 National National NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 168 17 Institute Institute NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 168 18 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 168 19 Neurological Neurological NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 168 20 Disorders Disorders NNPS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 168 21 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 168 22 Stroke Stroke NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 168 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 168 24 NINDS NINDS NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 168 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 168 26 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 168 27 1984 1984 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 168 28 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 168 29 1992 1992 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 168 30 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 1 He -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 2 noted note VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 3 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 4 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 5 interview interview NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 6 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 7 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 8 Scientist Scientist NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 9 magazine magazine NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 10 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 11 1995 1995 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 12 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 13 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 14 there there EX cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 15 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 16 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 17 degree degree NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 18 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 19 ambiguity ambiguity NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 20 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 21 NINDS NINDS NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 22 about about IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 23 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 24 venturing venture VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 25 into into IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 26 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 27 field field NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 28 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 29 genomics genomic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 30 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 31 while while IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 32 they -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 33 liked like VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 34 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 35 prestige prestige NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 36 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 37 hosting host VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 38 one one CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 39 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 40 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 41 leaders leader NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 42 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 43 innovators innovator NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 44 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 45 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 46 newly newly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 47 emerging emerging JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 48 field field NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 49 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 50 they -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 51 were be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 52 concerned concerned JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 53 about about IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 54 him -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 55 moving move VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 56 outside outside IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 57 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 58 NIND NIND NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 59 purview purview NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 60 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 61 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 62 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 63 brain brain NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 64 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 65 nervous nervous JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 66 system system NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 169 67 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 170 1 Ultimately ultimately RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 170 2 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 170 3 while while IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 170 4 he -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 170 5 proclaimed proclaim VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 170 6 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 170 7 like like VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 170 8 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 170 9 security security NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 170 10 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 170 11 service service NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 170 12 infrastructure infrastructure NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 170 13 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 170 14 institute institute NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 170 15 afforded afford VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 170 16 him -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 170 17 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 170 18 that that DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 170 19 same same JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 170 20 system system NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 170 21 became become VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 170 22 too too RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 170 23 restrictive restrictive JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 170 24 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 170 25 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 170 26 interests interest NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 170 27 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 170 28 talent talent NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 170 29 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 171 1 He -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 171 2 wanted want VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 171 3 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 171 4 whole whole JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 171 5 canvas canvas NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 171 6 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 171 7 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 171 8 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 171 9 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 171 10 expression expression NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 171 11 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 171 12 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 171 13 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 171 14 universe universe NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 171 15 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 171 16 not not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 171 17 just just RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 171 18 what what WP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 171 19 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 171 20 confined confine VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 171 21 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 171 22 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 171 23 central central JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 171 24 nervous nervous JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 171 25 system system NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 171 26 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 172 1 He -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 172 2 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 172 3 becoming become VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 172 4 more more RBR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 172 5 interested interested JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 172 6 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 172 7 taking take VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 172 8 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 172 9 whole whole JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 172 10 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 172 11 approach approach NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 172 12 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 172 13 understanding understand VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 172 14 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 172 15 overall overall JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 172 16 structure structure NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 172 17 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 172 18 genomes genome NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 172 19 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 172 20 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 172 21 evolution evolution NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 172 22 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 172 23 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 172 24 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 172 25 much much RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 172 26 broader broad JJR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 172 27 than than IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 172 28 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 172 29 mission mission NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 172 30 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 172 31 NINDS NINDS NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 172 32 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 173 1 He -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 173 2 noted note VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 173 3 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 173 4 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 173 5 some some DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 173 6 irony irony NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 173 7 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 173 8 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 173 9 later later JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 173 10 years year NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 173 11 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 173 12 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 173 13 then then RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 173 14 current current JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 173 15 NIH NIH NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 173 16 director director NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 173 17 Harold Harold NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 173 18 Varmus Varmus NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 173 19 had have VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 173 20 wished wish VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 173 21 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 173 22 hindsight hindsight NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 173 23 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 173 24 NIH NIH NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 173 25 had have VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 173 26 pushed push VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 173 27 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 173 28 do do VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 173 29 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 173 30 similar similar JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 173 31 database database NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 173 32 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 173 33 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 173 34 public public JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 173 35 domain domain NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 173 36 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 173 37 clearly clearly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 173 38 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 173 39 Venter Venter NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 173 40 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 173 41 opinion opinion NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 174 1 Varmus Varmus NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 174 2 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 174 3 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 174 4 need need NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 174 5 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 174 6 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 174 7 refresher refresher NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 174 8 course course NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 174 9 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 174 10 history history NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 174 11 ! ! . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 175 1 Bernadine Bernadine NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 175 2 Healy Healy NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 175 3 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 175 4 NIH NIH NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 175 5 director director NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 175 6 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 175 7 1994 1994 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 175 8 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 175 9 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 175 10 one one CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 175 11 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 175 12 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 175 13 few few JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 175 14 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 175 15 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 175 16 leadership leadership NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 175 17 role role NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 175 18 who who WP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 175 19 saw see VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 175 20 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 175 21 technical technical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 175 22 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 175 23 fiscal fiscal JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 175 24 promise promise NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 175 25 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 175 26 Venter Venter NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 175 27 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 175 28 work work NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 175 29 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 175 30 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 175 31 like like IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 175 32 all all DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 175 33 good good JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 175 34 administrators administrator NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 175 35 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 175 36 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 175 37 also also RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 175 38 presented present VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 175 39 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 175 40 opportunity opportunity NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 175 41 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 175 42 resolve resolve VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 175 43 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 175 44 thorny thorny JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 175 45 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 175 46 personnel personnel NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 175 47 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 175 48 issue issue NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 175 49 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 176 1 She -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 176 2 appointed appoint VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 176 3 him -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 176 4 head head NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 176 5 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 176 6 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 176 7 ad ad FW cord-016293-pyb00pt5 176 8 hoc hoc FW cord-016293-pyb00pt5 176 9 committee committee NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 176 10 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 176 11 have have VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 176 12 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 176 13 intramural intramural JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 176 14 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 176 15 program program NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 176 16 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 176 17 NIH NIH NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 176 18 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 176 19 give give VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 176 20 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 176 21 head head NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 176 22 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 176 23 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 176 24 HGP HGP NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 176 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 176 26 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 176 27 other other JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 176 28 larger large JJR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 176 29 than than IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 176 30 life life NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 176 31 personality personality NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 176 32 Jim Jim NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 176 33 Watson Watson NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 176 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 176 35 notice notice VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 176 36 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 176 37 he -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 176 38 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 176 39 not not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 176 40 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 176 41 sole sole JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 176 42 arbitrator arbitrator NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 176 43 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 176 44 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 176 45 direction direction NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 176 46 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 176 47 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 176 48 Human Human NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 176 49 Genome Genome NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 176 50 Project Project NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 176 51 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 177 1 However however RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 177 2 Venter Venter NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 177 3 very very RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 177 4 soon soon RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 177 5 established establish VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 177 6 himself -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 177 7 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 177 8 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 177 9 equally equally RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 177 10 non non JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 177 11 - - JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 177 12 conformist conformist JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 177 13 character character NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 177 14 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 177 15 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 177 16 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 177 17 tacit tacit JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 177 18 consent consent NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 177 19 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 177 20 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 177 21 erstwhile erstwhile JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 177 22 benefactor benefactor NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 177 23 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 178 1 He -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 178 2 initially initially RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 178 3 assumed assume VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 178 4 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 178 5 mantle mantle NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 178 6 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 178 7 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 178 8 non non JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 178 9 - - JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 178 10 conformist conformist JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 178 11 through through IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 178 12 guilt guilt NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 178 13 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 178 14 association association NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 178 15 rather rather RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 178 16 than than IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 178 17 direct direct JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 178 18 actions action NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 178 19 when when WRB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 178 20 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 178 21 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 178 22 revealed reveal VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 178 23 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 178 24 NIH NIH NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 178 25 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 178 26 filing file VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 178 27 patent patent NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 178 28 applications application NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 178 29 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 178 30 thousands thousand NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 178 31 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 178 32 these these DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 178 33 partial partial JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 178 34 genes gene NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 178 35 based base VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 178 36 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 178 37 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 178 38 ESTs est NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 178 39 catalyzing catalyze VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 178 40 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 178 41 first first JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 178 42 HGP HGP NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 178 43 fight fight NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 178 44 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 178 45 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 178 46 congressional congressional JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 178 47 hearing hearing NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 178 48 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 179 1 NIH NIH NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 179 2 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 179 3 move move NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 179 4 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 179 5 widely widely RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 179 6 criticized criticize VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 179 7 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 179 8 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 179 9 scientific scientific JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 179 10 community community NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 179 11 because because IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 179 12 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 179 13 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 179 14 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 179 15 time time NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 179 16 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 179 17 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 179 18 function function NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 179 19 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 179 20 genes gene NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 179 21 associated associate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 179 22 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 179 23 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 179 24 partial partial JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 179 25 sequences sequence NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 179 26 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 179 27 unknown unknown JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 179 28 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 180 1 Critics critic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 180 2 charged charge VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 180 3 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 180 4 patent patent NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 180 5 protection protection NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 180 6 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 180 7 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 180 8 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 180 9 segments segment NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 180 10 would would MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 180 11 forestall forestall VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 180 12 future future JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 180 13 research research NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 180 14 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 180 15 them -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 180 16 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 181 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 181 2 Patent Patent NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 181 3 Office Office NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 181 4 eventually eventually RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 181 5 rejected reject VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 181 6 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 181 7 patents patent NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 181 8 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 181 9 but but CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 181 10 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 181 11 applications application NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 181 12 sparked spark VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 181 13 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 181 14 international international JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 181 15 controversy controversy NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 181 16 over over IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 181 17 patenting patent VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 181 18 genes gene NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 181 19 whose whose WP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 181 20 functions function NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 181 21 were be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 181 22 still still RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 181 23 unknown unknown JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 181 24 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 182 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 182 2 enough enough RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 182 3 despite despite IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 182 4 NIH NIH NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 182 5 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 182 6 reliance reliance NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 182 7 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 182 8 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 182 9 EST EST NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 182 10 / / SYM cord-016293-pyb00pt5 182 11 cDNA cdna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 182 12 technique technique NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 182 13 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 182 14 Venter Venter NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 182 15 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 182 16 who who WP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 182 17 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 182 18 now now RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 182 19 clearly clearly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 182 20 venturing venture VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 182 21 outside outside IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 182 22 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 182 23 NINDS NINDS NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 182 24 mandated mandate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 182 25 rubric rubric NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 182 26 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 182 27 could could MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 182 28 not not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 182 29 obtain obtain VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 182 30 government government NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 182 31 funding funding NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 182 32 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 182 33 expand expand VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 182 34 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 182 35 research research NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 182 36 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 182 37 prompting prompt VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 182 38 him -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 182 39 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 182 40 leave leave VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 182 41 NIH NIH NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 182 42 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 182 43 1992 1992 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 182 44 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 183 1 He -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 183 2 moved move VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 183 3 on on RP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 183 4 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 183 5 become become VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 183 6 president president NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 183 7 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 183 8 director director NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 183 9 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 183 10 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 183 11 Institute Institute NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 183 12 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 183 13 Genomic Genomic NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 183 14 Research Research NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 183 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 183 16 TIGR TIGR NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 183 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 183 18 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 183 19 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 183 20 nonprofit nonprofit JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 183 21 research research NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 183 22 center center NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 183 23 based base VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 183 24 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 183 25 Gaithersburg Gaithersburg NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 183 26 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 184 1 Md. Md. NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 184 2 At at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 184 3 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 184 4 same same JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 184 5 time time NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 184 6 William William NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 184 7 Haseltine Haseltine NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 184 8 formed form VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 184 9 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 184 10 sister sister NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 184 11 company company NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 184 12 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 184 13 Human Human NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 184 14 Genome Genome NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 184 15 Sciences Sciences NNPS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 184 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 184 17 HGS HGS NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 184 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 184 19 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 184 20 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 184 21 commercialize commercialize VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 184 22 TIGR TIGR NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 184 23 products product NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 184 24 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 185 1 Venter Venter NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 185 2 continued continue VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 185 3 EST est NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 185 4 work work NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 185 5 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 185 6 TIGR TIGR NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 185 7 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 185 8 but but CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 185 9 also also RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 185 10 began begin VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 185 11 thinking think VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 185 12 about about IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 185 13 sequencing sequence VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 185 14 entire entire JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 185 15 genomes genome NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 185 16 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 186 1 Again again RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 186 2 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 186 3 he -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 186 4 came come VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 186 5 up up RP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 186 6 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 186 7 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 186 8 quicker quick JJR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 186 9 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 186 10 faster fast JJR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 186 11 method method NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 186 12 : : : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 186 13 whole whole JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 186 14 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 186 15 shotgun shotgun NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 186 16 sequencing sequencing NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 186 17 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 187 1 He -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 187 2 applied apply VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 187 3 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 187 4 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 187 5 NIH NIH NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 187 6 grant grant NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 187 7 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 187 8 use use VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 187 9 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 187 10 method method NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 187 11 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 187 12 Hemophilus Hemophilus NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 187 13 influenzae influenzae NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 187 14 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 187 15 but but CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 187 16 started start VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 187 17 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 187 18 project project NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 187 19 before before IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 187 20 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 187 21 funding funding NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 187 22 decision decision NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 187 23 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 187 24 returned return VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 187 25 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 188 1 When when WRB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 188 2 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 188 3 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 188 4 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 188 5 nearly nearly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 188 6 complete complete JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 188 7 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 188 8 NIH NIH NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 188 9 rejected reject VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 188 10 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 188 11 proposal proposal NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 188 12 saying say VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 188 13 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 188 14 method method NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 188 15 would would MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 188 16 not not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 188 17 work work VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 188 18 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 189 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 189 2 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 189 3 triumphal triumphal JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 189 4 flurry flurry NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 189 5 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 189 6 late late JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 189 7 May May NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 189 8 1995 1995 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 189 9 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 189 10 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 189 11 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 189 12 metaphorical metaphorical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 189 13 nose nose NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 189 14 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 189 15 thumbing thumbing NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 189 16 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 189 17 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 189 18 recently recently RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 189 19 rejected reject VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 189 20 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 189 21 unworkable unworkable JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 189 22 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 189 23 grant grant NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 190 1 Venter Venter NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 190 2 announced announce VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 190 3 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 190 4 TIGR TIGR NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 190 5 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 190 6 collaborators collaborator NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 190 7 had have VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 190 8 fully fully RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 190 9 sequenced sequence VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 190 10 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 190 11 first first JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 190 12 free free JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 190 13 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 190 14 living live VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 190 15 organism organism NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 190 16 -Haemophilus -Haemophilus . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 190 17 influenzae influenzae NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 190 18 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 191 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 191 2 November November NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 191 3 1994 1994 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 191 4 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 191 5 controversy controversy NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 191 6 surrounding surround VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 191 7 Venter Venter NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 191 8 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 191 9 research research NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 191 10 escalated escalate VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 191 11 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 192 1 Access access NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 192 2 restrictions restriction NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 192 3 associated associate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 192 4 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 192 5 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 192 6 cDNA cdna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 192 7 database database NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 192 8 developed develop VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 192 9 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 192 10 TIGR TIGR NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 192 11 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 193 1 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 193 2 Rockville Rockville NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 193 3 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 193 4 Md.-based md.-based JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 193 5 biotech biotech NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 193 6 associate associate NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 193 7 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 193 8 Human Human NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 193 9 Genome Genome NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 193 10 Sciences Sciences NNPS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 193 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 193 12 HGS HGS NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 193 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 193 14 Inc. Inc. NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 194 1 -including -include VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 195 1 HGS HGS NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 195 2 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 195 3 right right NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 195 4 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 195 5 preview preview VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 195 6 papers paper NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 195 7 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 195 8 resulting result VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 195 9 discoveries discovery NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 195 10 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 195 11 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 195 12 first first JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 195 13 options option NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 195 14 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 195 15 license license VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 195 16 products product NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 195 17 -prompted -prompte VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 195 18 Merck Merck NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 195 19 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 195 20 Co. Co. NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 195 21 Inc. Inc. NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 195 22 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 195 23 fund fund VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 195 24 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 195 25 rival rival JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 195 26 database database NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 195 27 project project NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 195 28 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 196 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 196 2 that that DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 196 3 year year NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 196 4 also also RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 196 5 Britain Britain NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 196 6 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 196 7 officially officially RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 196 8 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 196 9 entered enter VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 196 10 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 196 11 HGP hgp NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 196 12 race race NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 196 13 when when WRB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 196 14 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 196 15 Wellcome Wellcome NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 196 16 Trust Trust NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 196 17 trumped trump VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 196 18 down down RP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 196 19 $ $ $ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 196 20 95 95 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 196 21 million million CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 196 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 196 23 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 196 24 mentioned mention VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 196 25 earlier early RBR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 196 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 196 27 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 197 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 197 2 following following JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 197 3 year year NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 197 4 HGS HGS NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 197 5 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 197 6 involved involve VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 197 7 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 197 8 yet yet RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 197 9 another another DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 197 10 patenting patenting NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 197 11 debacle debacle NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 197 12 forced force VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 197 13 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 197 14 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 197 15 rapid rapid JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 197 16 march march NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 197 17 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 197 18 technology technology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 197 19 into into IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 197 20 uncharted uncharted JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 197 21 patent patent NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 197 22 law law NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 197 23 territory territory NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 197 24 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 198 1 On on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 198 2 June June NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 198 3 5 5 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 198 4 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 198 5 1995 1995 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 198 6 HGS hgs NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 198 7 applied apply VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 198 8 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 198 9 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 198 10 patent patent NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 198 11 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 198 12 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 198 13 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 198 14 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 198 15 produces produce VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 198 16 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 198 17 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 198 18 receptor receptor NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 198 19 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 198 20 protein protein NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 198 21 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 198 22 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 198 23 later later RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 198 24 called call VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 198 25 CCR5 CCR5 NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 198 26 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 199 1 At at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 199 2 that that DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 199 3 time time NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 199 4 HGS HGS NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 199 5 has have VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 199 6 no no DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 199 7 idea idea NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 199 8 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 199 9 CCR5 CCR5 NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 199 10 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 199 11 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 199 12 HIV HIV NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 199 13 receptor receptor NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 199 14 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 200 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 200 2 December December NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 200 3 1995 1995 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 200 4 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 200 5 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 200 6 researcher researcher NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 200 7 Robert Robert NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 200 8 Gallo Gallo NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 200 9 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 200 10 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 200 11 co co NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 200 12 - - NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 200 13 discoverer discoverer NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 200 14 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 200 15 HIV HIV NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 200 16 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 200 17 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 200 18 colleagues colleague NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 200 19 found find VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 200 20 three three CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 200 21 chemicals chemical NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 200 22 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 200 23 inhibit inhibit VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 200 24 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 200 25 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 200 26 virus virus NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 201 1 but but CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 201 2 they -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 201 3 did do VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 201 4 not not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 201 5 know know VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 201 6 how how WRB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 201 7 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 201 8 chemicals chemical NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 201 9 work work VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 201 10 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 202 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 202 2 February February NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 202 3 1996 1996 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 202 4 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 202 5 Edward Edward NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 202 6 Berger Berger NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 202 7 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 202 8 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 202 9 NIH NIH NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 202 10 discovered discover VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 202 11 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 202 12 Gallo Gallo NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 202 13 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 202 14 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 202 15 work work VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 202 16 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 202 17 late late JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 202 18 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 202 19 stage stage NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 202 20 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 202 21 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 202 22 blocking block VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 202 23 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 202 24 receptor receptor NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 202 25 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 202 26 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 202 27 surface surface NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 202 28 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 202 29 T t NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 202 30 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 202 31 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 202 32 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 203 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 203 2 June June NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 203 3 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 203 4 that that DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 203 5 year year NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 203 6 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 203 7 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 203 8 period period NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 203 9 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 203 10 just just RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 203 11 10 10 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 203 12 days day NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 203 13 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 203 14 five five CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 203 15 groups group NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 203 16 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 203 17 scientists scientist NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 203 18 published publish VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 203 19 papers paper NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 203 20 saying say VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 203 21 CCR5 CCR5 NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 203 22 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 203 23 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 203 24 receptor receptor NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 203 25 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 203 26 virtually virtually RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 203 27 all all DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 203 28 strains strain NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 203 29 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 203 30 HIV HIV NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 203 31 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 204 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 204 2 January January NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 204 3 2000 2000 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 204 4 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 204 5 Schering Schering NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 204 6 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 204 7 Plough Plough NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 204 8 researchers researcher NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 204 9 told tell VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 204 10 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 204 11 San San NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 204 12 Francisco Francisco NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 204 13 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 204 14 conference conference NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 204 15 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 204 16 they -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 204 17 have have VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 204 18 discovered discover VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 204 19 new new JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 204 20 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 204 21 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 205 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 205 2 knew know VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 205 3 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 205 4 Merck Merck NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 205 5 researchers researcher NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 205 6 had have VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 205 7 made make VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 205 8 similar similar JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 205 9 discoveries discovery NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 205 10 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 206 1 As as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 206 2 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 206 3 significant significant JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 206 4 Valentine Valentine NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 206 5 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 206 6 2000 2000 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 206 7 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 206 8 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 206 9 Patent Patent NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 206 10 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 206 11 Trademark Trademark NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 206 12 Office Office NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 206 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 206 14 USPTO USPTO NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 206 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 206 16 grants grant VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 206 17 HGS HGS NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 206 18 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 206 19 patent patent NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 206 20 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 206 21 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 206 22 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 206 23 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 206 24 makes make VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 206 25 CCR5 CCR5 NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 206 26 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 206 27 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 206 28 techniques technique NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 206 29 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 206 30 producing produce VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 206 31 CCR5 CCR5 NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 206 32 artificially artificially RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 206 33 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 207 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 207 2 decision decision NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 207 3 sent send VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 207 4 HGS HGS NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 207 5 stock stock NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 207 6 flying fly VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 207 7 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 207 8 dismayed dismayed JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 207 9 researchers researcher NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 207 10 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 208 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 208 2 also also RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 208 3 caused cause VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 208 4 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 208 5 USPTO USPTO NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 208 6 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 208 7 revise revise VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 208 8 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 208 9 definition definition NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 208 10 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 208 11 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 208 12 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 208 13 patentable patentable JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 208 14 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 208 15 drug drug NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 208 16 target target NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 208 17 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 209 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 209 2 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 209 3 meantime meantime NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 209 4 Haseltine Haseltine NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 209 5 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 209 6 partner partner NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 209 7 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 209 8 rewriting rewrite VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 209 9 patenting patent VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 209 10 history history NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 209 11 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 209 12 Venter Venter NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 209 13 turned turn VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 209 14 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 209 15 focus focus NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 209 16 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 209 17 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 209 18 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 209 19 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 209 20 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 210 1 He -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 210 2 left leave VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 210 3 TIGR TIGR NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 210 4 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 210 5 started start VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 210 6 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 210 7 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 210 8 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 210 9 profit profit NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 210 10 company company NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 210 11 Celera Celera NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 210 12 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 210 13 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 210 14 division division NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 210 15 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 210 16 PE PE NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 210 17 Biosystems Biosystems NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 210 18 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 210 19 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 210 20 company company NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 210 21 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 210 22 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 210 23 times time NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 210 24 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 210 25 thanks thank NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 210 26 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 210 27 Hood Hood NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 210 28 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 210 29 Hunkapillar Hunkapillar NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 210 30 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 210 31 led lead VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 210 32 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 210 33 world world NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 210 34 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 210 35 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 210 36 production production NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 210 37 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 210 38 sequencing sequence VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 210 39 machines machine NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 210 40 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 211 1 Using use VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 211 2 these these DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 211 3 machines machine NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 211 4 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 211 5 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 211 6 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 211 7 world world NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 211 8 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 211 9 largest large JJS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 211 10 civilian civilian JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 211 11 supercomputer supercomputer NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 211 12 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 211 13 Venter Venter NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 211 14 finished finish VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 211 15 assembling assemble VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 211 16 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 211 17 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 211 18 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 211 19 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 211 20 just just RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 211 21 three three CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 211 22 years year NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 211 23 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 212 1 Following follow VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 212 2 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 212 3 debacle debacle NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 212 4 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 212 5 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 212 6 then then RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 212 7 NIH NIH NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 212 8 director director NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 212 9 Bernine Bernine NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 212 10 Healy Healy NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 212 11 over over IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 212 12 patenting patent VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 212 13 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 212 14 partial partial JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 212 15 genes gene NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 212 16 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 212 17 resulted result VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 212 18 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 212 19 EST EST NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 212 20 analysis analysis NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 212 21 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 212 22 another another DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 212 23 major major JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 212 24 personality personality NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 212 25 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 212 26 driven drive VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 212 27 event event NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 212 28 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 212 29 that that DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 212 30 same same JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 212 31 year year NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 212 32 occurred occur VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 212 33 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 213 1 Watson Watson NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 213 2 strongly strongly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 213 3 opposed oppose VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 213 4 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 213 5 idea idea NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 213 6 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 213 7 patenting patent VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 213 8 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 213 9 fragments fragment NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 213 10 fearing fear VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 213 11 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 213 12 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 213 13 would would MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 213 14 discourage discourage VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 213 15 research research NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 213 16 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 213 17 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 213 18 commented comment VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 213 19 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 213 20 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 213 21 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 213 22 automated automate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 213 23 sequencing sequencing NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 213 24 machines machine NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 213 25 ' ' POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 213 26 could could MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 213 27 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 213 28 run run VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 213 29 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 213 30 monkeys monkey NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 213 31 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 213 32 ' ' '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 213 33 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 214 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 214 2 Nature Nature NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 214 3 June June NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 214 4 29 29 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 214 5 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 214 6 2000 2000 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 214 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 214 8 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 214 9 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 214 10 dismissal dismissal NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 215 1 Watson Watson NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 215 2 resigned resign VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 215 3 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 215 4 NIH NIH NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 215 5 NCHGR NCHGR NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 215 6 post post NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 215 7 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 215 8 1992 1992 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 215 9 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 215 10 devote devote VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 215 11 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 215 12 full full JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 215 13 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 215 14 time time NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 215 15 effort effort NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 215 16 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 215 17 directing direct VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 215 18 Cold Cold NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 215 19 Spring Spring NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 215 20 Harbor Harbor NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 215 21 Laboratory Laboratory NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 215 22 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 216 1 His -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 216 2 replacement replacement NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 216 3 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 216 4 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 216 5 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 216 6 rather rather RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 216 7 more more RBR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 216 8 pragmatic pragmatic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 216 9 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 216 10 less less RBR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 216 11 flamboyant flamboyant JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 216 12 nature nature NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 216 13 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 217 1 While while IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 217 2 Venter Venter NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 217 3 maybe maybe RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 217 4 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 217 5 described describe VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 217 6 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 217 7 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 217 8 idiosyncratic idiosyncratic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 217 9 Shogun Shogun NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 217 10 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 217 11 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 217 12 shotgun shotgun NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 217 13 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 217 14 Francis Francis NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 217 15 Collins Collins NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 217 16 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 217 17 once once RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 217 18 described describe VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 217 19 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 217 20 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 217 21 King King NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 217 22 Arthur Arthur NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 217 23 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 217 24 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 217 25 Holy Holy NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 217 26 Grail Grail NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 217 27 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 217 28 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 217 29 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 217 30 Human Human NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 217 31 Genome Genome NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 217 32 Project Project NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 217 33 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 218 1 Collins Collins NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 218 2 became become VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 218 3 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 218 4 Director Director NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 218 5 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 218 6 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 218 7 National National NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 218 8 Human Human NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 218 9 Genome Genome NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 218 10 Research Research NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 218 11 Institute Institute NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 218 12 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 218 13 1993 1993 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 218 14 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 219 1 He -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 219 2 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 219 3 considered consider VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 219 4 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 219 5 right right JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 219 6 man man NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 219 7 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 219 8 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 219 9 job job NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 219 10 following follow VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 219 11 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 219 12 1989 1989 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 219 13 success success NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 219 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 219 15 along along IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 219 16 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 219 17 Lap Lap NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 219 18 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 219 19 Chee Chee NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 219 20 Tsui Tsui NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 219 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 219 22 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 219 23 identifying identify VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 219 24 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 219 25 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 219 26 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 219 27 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 219 28 cystic cystic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 219 29 fibrosis fibrosis NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 219 30 transmembrane transmembrane NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 219 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 219 32 CFTR CFTR NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 219 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 219 34 chloride chloride NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 219 35 channel channel NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 219 36 receptor receptor NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 219 37 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 219 38 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 219 39 when when WRB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 219 40 mutated mutate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 219 41 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 219 42 can can MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 219 43 lead lead VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 219 44 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 219 45 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 219 46 onset onset NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 219 47 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 219 48 cystic cystic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 219 49 fibrosis fibrosis NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 219 50 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 220 1 Although although IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 220 2 now now RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 220 3 indelibly indelibly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 220 4 connected connect VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 220 5 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 220 6 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 220 7 topic topic NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 220 8 non non JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 220 9 - - JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 220 10 plus plus CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 220 11 tout tout NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 220 12 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 220 13 biology biology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 220 14 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 220 15 like like IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 220 16 many many JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 220 17 great great JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 220 18 innovators innovator NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 220 19 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 220 20 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 220 21 field field NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 220 22 before before IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 220 23 him -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 220 24 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 220 25 Francis Francis NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 220 26 Collins Collins NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 220 27 had have VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 220 28 little little JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 220 29 interest interest NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 220 30 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 220 31 biology biology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 220 32 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 220 33 he -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 220 34 grew grow VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 220 35 up up RP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 220 36 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 220 37 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 220 38 farm farm NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 220 39 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 220 40 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 220 41 Shenandoah Shenandoah NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 220 42 Valley Valley NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 220 43 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 220 44 Virginia Virginia NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 220 45 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 221 1 From from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 221 2 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 221 3 childhood childhood NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 221 4 he -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 221 5 seemed seem VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 221 6 destined destine VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 221 7 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 221 8 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 221 9 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 221 10 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 221 11 center center NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 221 12 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 221 13 drama drama NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 221 14 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 221 15 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 221 16 father father NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 221 17 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 221 18 professor professor NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 221 19 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 221 20 dramatic dramatic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 221 21 arts art NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 221 22 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 221 23 Mary Mary NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 221 24 Baldwin Baldwin NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 221 25 College College NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 221 26 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 221 27 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 221 28 early early JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 221 29 stage stage NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 221 30 management management NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 221 31 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 221 32 career career NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 221 33 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 221 34 performed perform VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 221 35 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 221 36 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 221 37 stage stage NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 221 38 he -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 221 39 built build VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 221 40 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 221 41 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 221 42 farm farm NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 221 43 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 222 1 While while IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 222 2 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 222 3 physical physical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 222 4 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 222 5 mathematical mathematical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 222 6 sciences science NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 222 7 held hold VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 222 8 appeal appeal NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 222 9 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 222 10 him -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 222 11 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 222 12 being be VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 222 13 possessed possess VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 222 14 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 222 15 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 222 16 highly highly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 222 17 logical logical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 222 18 mind mind NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 222 19 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 222 20 Collins Collins NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 222 21 found find VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 222 22 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 222 23 format format NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 222 24 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 222 25 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 222 26 biology biology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 222 27 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 222 28 taught teach VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 222 29 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 222 30 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 222 31 high high JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 222 32 school school NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 222 33 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 222 34 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 222 35 day day NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 222 36 mind mind NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 222 37 - - : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 222 38 numbingly numbingly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 222 39 boring boring JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 222 40 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 222 41 filled fill VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 222 42 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 222 43 dissections dissection NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 222 44 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 222 45 rote rote JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 222 46 memorization memorization NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 222 47 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 223 1 He -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 223 2 found find VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 223 3 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 223 4 contemplation contemplation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 223 5 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 223 6 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 223 7 infinite infinite JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 223 8 outcomes outcome NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 223 9 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 223 10 dividing divide VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 223 11 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 223 12 zero zero CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 223 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 223 14 done do VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 223 15 deliberately deliberately RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 223 16 rather rather RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 223 17 than than IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 223 18 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 223 19 accident accident NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 223 20 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 223 21 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 223 22 Einstein Einstein NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 223 23 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 223 24 case case NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 223 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 223 26 far far RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 223 27 more more RBR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 223 28 appealing appealing JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 223 29 than than IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 223 30 contemplating contemplate VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 223 31 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 223 32 innards innard NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 223 33 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 223 34 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 223 35 frog frog NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 223 36 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 224 1 That that DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 224 2 biology biology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 224 3 could could MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 224 4 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 224 5 gloriously gloriously RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 224 6 logical logical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 224 7 only only RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 224 8 became become VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 224 9 clear clear JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 224 10 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 224 11 Collins Collins NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 224 12 when when WRB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 224 13 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 224 14 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 224 15 1970 1970 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 224 16 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 224 17 he -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 224 18 entered enter VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 224 19 Yale Yale NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 224 20 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 224 21 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 224 22 degree degree NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 224 23 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 224 24 chemistry chemistry NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 224 25 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 224 26 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 224 27 University University NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 224 28 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 224 29 Virginia Virginia NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 224 30 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 224 31 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 224 32 first first RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 224 33 exposed expose VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 224 34 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 224 35 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 224 36 nascent nascent JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 224 37 field field NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 224 38 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 224 39 molecular molecular JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 224 40 biology biology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 224 41 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 225 1 Anecdotally anecdotally RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 225 2 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 225 3 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 225 4 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 225 5 tome tome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 225 6 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 225 7 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 225 8 Book Book NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 225 9 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 225 10 Life Life NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 225 11 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 225 12 penned pen VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 225 13 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 225 14 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 225 15 theoretical theoretical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 225 16 physicist physicist NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 225 17 father father NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 225 18 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 225 19 molecular molecular JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 225 20 biology biology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 225 21 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 225 22 Edwin Edwin NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 225 23 Schrodinger Schrodinger NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 225 24 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 225 25 while while IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 225 26 exiled exile VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 225 27 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 225 28 Trinity Trinity NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 225 29 College College NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 225 30 Dublin Dublin NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 225 31 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 225 32 1942 1942 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 225 33 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 225 34 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 225 35 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 225 36 catalyst catalyst NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 225 37 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 225 38 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 225 39 conversion conversion NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 225 40 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 226 1 Like like IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 226 2 Schrodinger Schrodinger NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 226 3 he -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 226 4 wanted want VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 226 5 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 226 6 do do VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 226 7 something something NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 226 8 more more RBR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 226 9 obviously obviously RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 226 10 meaningful meaningful JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 226 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 226 12 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 226 13 less less JJR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 226 14 than than IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 226 15 hardcore hardcore JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 226 16 physicists physicist NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 226 17 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 226 18 least least JJS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 226 19 ! ! . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 226 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 227 1 than than IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 227 2 theoretical theoretical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 227 3 physics physics NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 227 4 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 227 5 so so RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 227 6 he -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 227 7 went go VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 227 8 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 227 9 medical medical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 227 10 school school NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 227 11 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 227 12 UNC UNC NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 227 13 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 227 14 Chapel Chapel NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 227 15 Hill Hill NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 227 16 after after IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 227 17 completing complete VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 227 18 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 227 19 chemistry chemistry NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 227 20 doctorate doctorate NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 227 21 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 227 22 Yale Yale NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 227 23 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 227 24 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 227 25 returned return VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 227 26 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 227 27 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 227 28 site site NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 227 29 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 227 30 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 227 31 road road NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 227 32 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 227 33 Damascus Damascus NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 227 34 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 227 35 post post JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 227 36 - - JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 227 37 doctoral doctoral JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 227 38 study study NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 227 39 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 227 40 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 227 41 application application NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 227 42 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 227 43 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 227 44 newfound newfound NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 227 45 interest interest NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 227 46 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 227 47 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 227 48 genetics genetic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 227 49 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 228 1 During during IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 228 2 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 228 3 sojourn sojourn NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 228 4 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 228 5 Yale Yale NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 228 6 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 228 7 Collins Collins NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 228 8 began begin VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 228 9 working work VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 228 10 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 228 11 developing develop VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 228 12 novel novel JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 228 13 tools tool NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 228 14 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 228 15 search search VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 228 16 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 228 17 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 228 18 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 228 19 genes gene NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 228 20 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 228 21 cause cause VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 228 22 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 228 23 disease disease NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 228 24 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 229 1 He -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 229 2 continued continue VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 229 3 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 229 4 work work NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 229 5 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 229 6 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 229 7 he -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 229 8 dubbed dub VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 229 9 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 229 10 positional positional JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 229 11 cloning cloning NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 229 12 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 229 13 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 229 14 after after IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 229 15 moving move VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 229 16 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 229 17 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 229 18 University University NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 229 19 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 229 20 Michigan Michigan NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 229 21 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 229 22 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 229 23 professor professor NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 229 24 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 229 25 1984 1984 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 229 26 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 230 1 He -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 230 2 placed place VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 230 3 himself -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 230 4 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 230 5 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 230 6 genetic genetic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 230 7 map map NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 230 8 when when WRB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 230 9 he -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 230 10 succeeded succeed VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 230 11 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 230 12 using use VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 230 13 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 230 14 method method NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 230 15 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 230 16 put put VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 230 17 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 230 18 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 230 19 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 230 20 causes cause VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 230 21 cystic cystic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 230 22 fibrosis fibrosis NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 230 23 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 230 24 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 230 25 physical physical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 230 26 map map NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 230 27 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 231 1 While while IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 231 2 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 231 3 less less RBR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 231 4 colorful colorful JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 231 5 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 231 6 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 231 7 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 231 8 your -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 231 9 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 231 10 face face NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 231 11 character character NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 231 12 than than IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 231 13 Venter Venter NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 232 1 he -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 232 2 has have VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 232 3 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 232 4 own own JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 232 5 personality personality NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 232 6 quirks quirk NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 232 7 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 233 1 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 233 2 example example NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 233 3 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 233 4 he -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 233 5 pastes paste VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 233 6 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 233 7 new new JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 233 8 sticker sticker NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 233 9 onto onto IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 233 10 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 233 11 back back NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 233 12 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 233 13 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 233 14 motorcycle motorcycle NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 233 15 helmet helmet NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 233 16 every every DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 233 17 time time NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 233 18 he -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 233 19 finds find VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 233 20 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 233 21 new new JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 233 22 disease disease NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 233 23 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 233 24 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 234 1 One one PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 234 2 imagines imagine VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 234 3 that that DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 234 4 particular particular JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 234 5 piece piece NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 234 6 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 234 7 really really RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 234 8 estate estate NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 234 9 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 234 10 getting get VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 234 11 rather rather RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 234 12 crowded crowded JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 234 13 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 235 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 235 2 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 235 3 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 235 4 not not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 235 5 these these DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 235 6 four four CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 235 7 hundred hundred CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 235 8 pound pound NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 235 9 US US NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 235 10 gorillas gorilla NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 235 11 who who WP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 235 12 proposed propose VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 235 13 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 235 14 eventually eventually RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 235 15 prescient prescient JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 235 16 timeline timeline NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 235 17 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 235 18 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 235 19 working work VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 235 20 draft draft NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 236 1 but but CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 236 2 two two CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 236 3 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 236 4 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 236 5 old old JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 236 6 power power NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 236 7 base base NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 236 8 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 237 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 237 2 meetings meeting NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 237 3 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 237 4 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 237 5 US US NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 237 6 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 237 7 1994 1994 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 237 8 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 237 9 John John NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 237 10 Sulston Sulston NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 237 11 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 237 12 Bob Bob NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 237 13 Waterston Waterston NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 237 14 proposed propose VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 237 15 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 237 16 produce produce VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 237 17 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 237 18 ' ' `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 237 19 draft draft NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 237 20 ' ' '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 237 21 sequence sequence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 237 22 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 237 23 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 237 24 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 237 25 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 237 26 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 237 27 2000 2000 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 237 28 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 237 29 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 237 30 full full JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 237 31 five five CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 237 32 years year NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 237 33 ahead ahead RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 237 34 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 237 35 schedule schedule NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 237 36 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 238 1 While while IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 238 2 agreed agree VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 238 3 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 238 4 most most JJS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 238 5 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 238 6 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 238 7 feasible feasible JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 238 8 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 238 9 meant mean VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 238 10 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 238 11 rethinking rethinking NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 238 12 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 238 13 strategy strategy NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 238 14 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 238 15 involved involve VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 238 16 focusing focus VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 238 17 resources resource NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 238 18 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 238 19 larger large JJR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 238 20 centers center NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 238 21 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 238 22 emphasizing emphasize VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 238 23 sequence sequence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 238 24 acquisition acquisition NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 238 25 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 239 1 Just just RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 239 2 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 239 3 important important JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 239 4 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 239 5 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 239 6 asserts assert VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 239 7 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 239 8 value value NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 239 9 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 239 10 draft draft NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 239 11 quality quality NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 239 12 sequence sequence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 239 13 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 239 14 biomedical biomedical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 239 15 research research NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 239 16 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 240 1 Discussion discussion NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 240 2 started start VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 240 3 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 240 4 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 240 5 British British NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 240 6 based base VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 240 7 Wellcome Wellcome NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 240 8 Trust Trust NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 240 9 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 240 10 possible possible JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 240 11 sponsors sponsor NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 240 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 240 13 Marshall Marshall NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 240 14 E. E. NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 240 15 1995 1995 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 240 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 240 17 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 241 1 By by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 241 2 1995 1995 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 241 3 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 241 4 rough rough JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 241 5 draft draft NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 241 6 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 241 7 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 241 8 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 241 9 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 241 10 map map NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 241 11 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 241 12 produced produce VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 241 13 showing show VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 241 14 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 241 15 locations location NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 241 16 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 241 17 more more JJR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 241 18 than than IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 241 19 30,000 30,000 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 241 20 genes gene NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 241 21 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 242 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 242 2 map map NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 242 3 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 242 4 produced produce VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 242 5 using use VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 242 6 yeast yeast NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 242 7 artificial artificial JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 242 8 chromosomes chromosome NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 242 9 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 242 10 some some DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 242 11 chromosomes chromosome NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 242 12 -notably -notably RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 243 1 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 243 2 littlest little JJS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 243 3 22 22 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 243 4 -were -were RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 243 5 mapped map VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 243 6 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 243 7 finer fine JJR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 243 8 detail detail NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 243 9 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 244 1 These these DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 244 2 maps map NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 244 3 marked mark VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 244 4 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 244 5 important important JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 244 6 step step NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 244 7 toward toward IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 244 8 clone clone NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 244 9 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 244 10 based base VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 244 11 sequencing sequencing NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 244 12 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 245 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 245 2 importance importance NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 245 3 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 245 4 illustrated illustrate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 245 5 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 245 6 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 245 7 devotion devotion NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 245 8 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 245 9 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 245 10 entire entire JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 245 11 edition edition NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 245 12 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 245 13 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 245 14 journal journal NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 245 15 Nature Nature NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 245 16 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 245 17 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 245 18 subject subject NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 245 19 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 246 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 246 2 Nature nature NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 246 3 377 377 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 246 4 : : : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 246 5 175 175 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 246 6 - - SYM cord-016293-pyb00pt5 246 7 379 379 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 246 8 1995 1995 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 246 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 247 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 247 2 duel duel NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 247 3 between between IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 247 4 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 247 5 public public JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 247 6 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 247 7 private private JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 247 8 face face NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 247 9 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 247 10 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 247 11 HGP hgp NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 247 12 progressed progress VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 247 13 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 247 14 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 247 15 pace pace NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 247 16 over over IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 247 17 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 247 18 next next JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 247 19 five five CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 247 20 years year NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 247 21 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 248 1 Following follow VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 248 2 release release NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 248 3 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 248 4 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 248 5 mapping mapping NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 248 6 data datum NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 248 7 some some DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 248 8 level level NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 248 9 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 248 10 international international JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 248 11 agreement agreement NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 248 12 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 248 13 decided decide VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 248 14 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 248 15 sequence sequence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 248 16 data data NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 248 17 release release NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 248 18 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 248 19 databases database NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 248 20 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 249 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 249 2 agreed agree VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 249 3 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 249 4 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 249 5 release release NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 249 6 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 249 7 sequence sequence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 249 8 data datum NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 249 9 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 249 10 specifically specifically RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 249 11 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 249 12 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 249 13 Primary Primary NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 249 14 Genomic Genomic NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 249 15 Sequence sequence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 249 16 should should MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 249 17 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 249 18 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 249 19 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 249 20 Public Public NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 249 21 Domain Domain NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 249 22 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 249 23 encourage encourage VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 249 24 research research NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 249 25 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 249 26 development development NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 249 27 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 249 28 maximize maximize VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 249 29 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 249 30 benefit benefit NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 249 31 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 249 32 society society NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 249 33 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 250 1 Also also RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 250 2 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 250 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 250 4 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 250 5 rapidly rapidly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 250 6 released release VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 250 7 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 250 8 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 250 9 daily daily JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 250 10 basis basis NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 250 11 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 250 12 assemblies assembly NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 250 13 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 250 14 greater great JJR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 250 15 than than IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 250 16 1 1 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 250 17 Kb Kb NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 250 18 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 250 19 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 250 20 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 250 21 finished finished JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 250 22 annotated annotated JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 250 23 sequence sequence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 250 24 should should MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 250 25 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 250 26 submitted submit VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 250 27 immediately immediately RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 250 28 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 250 29 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 250 30 public public JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 250 31 databases database NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 250 32 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 251 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 251 2 1996 1996 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 251 3 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 251 4 international international JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 251 5 consortium consortium NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 251 6 completed complete VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 251 7 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 251 8 sequence sequence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 251 9 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 251 10 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 251 11 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 251 12 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 251 13 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 251 14 workhorse workhorse JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 251 15 yeast yeast NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 251 16 Saccharomyces Saccharomyces NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 251 17 cerevisiae cerevisiae NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 251 18 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 252 1 Data datum NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 252 2 had have VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 252 3 been be VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 252 4 released release VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 252 5 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 252 6 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 252 7 individual individual JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 252 8 chromosomes chromosome NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 252 9 were be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 252 10 completed complete VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 252 11 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 253 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 253 2 Saccharomyces Saccharomyces NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 253 3 Genome Genome NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 253 4 Database Database NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 253 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 253 6 SGD SGD NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 253 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 253 8 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 253 9 created create VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 253 10 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 253 11 curate curate VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 253 12 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 253 13 information information NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 253 14 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 254 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 254 2 project project NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 254 3 collects collect VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 254 4 information information NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 254 5 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 254 6 maintains maintain VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 254 7 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 254 8 database database NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 254 9 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 254 10 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 254 11 molecular molecular JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 254 12 biology biology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 254 13 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 254 14 S. S. NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 254 15 cerevisiae cerevisiae NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 254 16 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 255 1 This this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 255 2 database database NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 255 3 includes include VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 255 4 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 255 5 variety variety NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 255 6 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 255 7 genomic genomic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 255 8 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 255 9 biological biological JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 255 10 information information NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 255 11 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 255 12 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 255 13 maintained maintain VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 255 14 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 255 15 updated update VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 255 16 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 255 17 SGD SGD NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 255 18 curators curator NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 255 19 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 256 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 256 2 SGD SGD NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 256 3 also also RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 256 4 maintains maintain VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 256 5 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 256 6 S. S. NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 256 7 cerevisiae cerevisiae NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 256 8 Gene Gene NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 256 9 Name Name NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 256 10 Registry Registry NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 256 11 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 256 12 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 256 13 complete complete JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 256 14 list list NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 256 15 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 256 16 all all DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 256 17 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 256 18 names name NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 256 19 used use VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 256 20 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 256 21 S. S. NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 256 22 cerevisiae cerevisiae NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 256 23 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 257 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 257 2 1997 1997 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 257 3 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 257 4 new new JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 257 5 more more RBR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 257 6 powerful powerful JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 257 7 diagnostic diagnostic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 257 8 tool tool NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 257 9 termed term VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 257 10 SNPs SNPs NNPS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 257 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 257 12 Single Single NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 257 13 Nucleotide Nucleotide NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 257 14 Polymorphisms Polymorphisms NNPS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 257 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 257 16 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 257 17 developed develop VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 257 18 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 258 1 SNPs SNPs NNPS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 258 2 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 258 3 changes change NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 258 4 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 258 5 single single JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 258 6 letters letter NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 258 7 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 258 8 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 258 9 DNA dna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 258 10 code code NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 258 11 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 258 12 can can MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 258 13 act act VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 258 14 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 258 15 markers marker NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 258 16 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 258 17 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 258 18 DNA dna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 258 19 landscape landscape NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 258 20 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 259 1 Some some DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 259 2 SNPs snp NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 259 3 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 259 4 associated associate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 259 5 closely closely RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 259 6 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 259 7 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 259 8 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 259 9 genetic genetic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 259 10 disease disease NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 259 11 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 259 12 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 259 13 response response NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 259 14 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 259 15 drugs drug NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 259 16 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 259 17 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 259 18 ability ability NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 259 19 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 259 20 remove remove VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 259 21 toxins toxin NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 259 22 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 260 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 260 2 SNP SNP NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 260 3 Consortium Consortium NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 260 4 although although IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 260 5 designated designate VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 260 6 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 260 7 limited limited JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 260 8 company company NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 260 9 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 260 10 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 260 11 nonprofit nonprofit JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 260 12 foundation foundation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 260 13 organized organize VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 260 14 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 260 15 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 260 16 purpose purpose NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 260 17 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 260 18 providing provide VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 260 19 public public JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 260 20 genomic genomic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 260 21 data datum NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 260 22 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 261 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 261 2 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 261 3 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 261 4 collaborative collaborative JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 261 5 effort effort NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 261 6 between between IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 261 7 pharmaceutical pharmaceutical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 261 8 companies company NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 261 9 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 261 10 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 261 11 Wellcome Wellcome NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 261 12 Trust Trust NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 261 13 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 261 14 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 261 15 idea idea NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 261 16 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 261 17 making make VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 261 18 available available JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 261 19 widely widely RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 261 20 accepted accept VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 261 21 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 261 22 high high JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 261 23 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 261 24 quality quality NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 261 25 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 261 26 extensive extensive JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 261 27 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 261 28 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 261 29 publicly publicly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 261 30 accessible accessible JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 261 31 SNP SNP NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 261 32 map map NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 261 33 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 262 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 262 2 mission mission NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 262 3 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 262 4 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 262 5 develop develop VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 262 6 up up IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 262 7 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 262 8 300,000 300,000 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 262 9 SNPs snp NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 262 10 distributed distribute VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 262 11 evenly evenly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 262 12 throughout throughout IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 262 13 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 262 14 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 262 15 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 262 16 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 262 17 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 262 18 make make VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 262 19 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 262 20 information information NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 262 21 related relate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 262 22 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 262 23 these these DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 262 24 SNPs snp NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 262 25 available available JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 262 26 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 262 27 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 262 28 public public NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 262 29 without without IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 262 30 intellectual intellectual JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 262 31 property property NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 262 32 restrictions restriction NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 262 33 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 263 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 263 2 project project NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 263 3 started start VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 263 4 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 263 5 April April NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 263 6 1999 1999 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 263 7 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 263 8 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 263 9 anticipated anticipate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 263 10 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 263 11 continue continue VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 263 12 until until IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 263 13 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 263 14 end end NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 263 15 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 263 16 2001 2001 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 263 17 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 264 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 264 2 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 264 3 end end NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 264 4 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 264 5 many many JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 264 6 more more JJR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 264 7 SNPs snp NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 264 8 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 264 9 about about RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 264 10 1.5 1.5 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 264 11 million million CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 264 12 total total NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 264 13 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 264 14 were be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 264 15 discovered discover VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 264 16 than than IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 264 17 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 264 18 originally originally RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 264 19 planned plan VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 264 20 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 265 1 By by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 265 2 1998 1998 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 265 3 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 265 4 complete complete JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 265 5 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 265 6 sequence sequence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 265 7 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 265 8 Mycobacterium Mycobacterium NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 265 9 tuberculosis tuberculosis NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 265 10 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 265 11 published publish VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 265 12 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 265 13 teams team NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 265 14 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 265 15 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 265 16 UK UK NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 265 17 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 265 18 France France NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 265 19 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 265 20 US US NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 265 21 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 265 22 Denmark Denmark NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 265 23 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 265 24 June June NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 265 25 1998 1998 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 265 26 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 266 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 266 2 ABI ABI NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 266 3 Prism Prism NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 266 4 3700 3700 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 266 5 sequencing sequencing NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 266 6 machine machine NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 266 7 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 266 8 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 266 9 capillary capillary NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 266 10 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 266 11 based base VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 266 12 machine machine NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 266 13 designed design VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 266 14 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 266 15 run run VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 266 16 about about RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 266 17 eight eight CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 266 18 sets set NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 266 19 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 266 20 96 96 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 266 21 sequence sequence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 266 22 reactions reaction NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 266 23 per per IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 266 24 day day NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 266 25 also also RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 266 26 reached reach VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 266 27 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 266 28 market market NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 266 29 that that DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 266 30 year year NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 266 31 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 267 1 That that DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 267 2 same same JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 267 3 year year NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 267 4 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 267 5 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 267 6 sequence sequence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 267 7 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 267 8 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 267 9 first first JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 267 10 multicellular multicellular JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 267 11 organism organism NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 267 12 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 267 13 C. C. NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 267 14 elegans elegan NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 267 15 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 267 16 completed complete VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 267 17 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 268 1 C. C. NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 268 2 elegans elegan NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 268 3 has have VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 268 4 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 268 5 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 268 6 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 268 7 about about RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 268 8 100 100 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 268 9 Mb Mb NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 268 10 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 268 11 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 268 12 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 268 13 noted note VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 268 14 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 268 15 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 268 16 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 268 17 primitive primitive JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 268 18 animal animal NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 268 19 model model NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 268 20 organism organism NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 268 21 used use VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 268 22 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 268 23 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 268 24 range range NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 268 25 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 268 26 biological biological JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 268 27 disciplines discipline NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 268 28 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 269 1 By by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 269 2 November November NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 269 3 1999 1999 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 269 4 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 269 5 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 269 6 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 269 7 draft draft NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 269 8 sequence sequence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 269 9 reached reach VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 269 10 1000 1000 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 269 11 Mb Mb NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 269 12 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 269 13 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 269 14 first first JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 269 15 complete complete JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 269 16 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 269 17 chromosome chromosome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 269 18 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 269 19 sequenced sequence VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 269 20 -this -this NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 269 21 first first RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 269 22 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 269 23 reached reach VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 269 24 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 269 25 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 269 26 East East NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 269 27 side side NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 269 28 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 269 29 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 269 30 Atlantic Atlantic NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 269 31 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 269 32 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 269 33 HGP HGP NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 269 34 team team NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 269 35 led lead VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 269 36 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 269 37 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 269 38 Sanger Sanger NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 269 39 Centre Centre NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 269 40 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 269 41 producing produce VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 269 42 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 269 43 finished finished JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 269 44 sequence sequence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 269 45 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 269 46 chromosome chromosome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 269 47 22 22 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 269 48 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 269 49 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 269 50 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 269 51 about about RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 269 52 34 34 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 269 53 million million CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 269 54 base base NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 269 55 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 269 56 pairs pair NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 269 57 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 269 58 includes include VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 269 59 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 269 60 least least RBS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 269 61 550 550 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 269 62 genes gene NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 269 63 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 270 1 According accord VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 270 2 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 270 3 anecdotal anecdotal JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 270 4 evidence evidence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 270 5 when when WRB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 270 6 visiting visit VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 270 7 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 270 8 namesake namesake NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 270 9 centre centre NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 270 10 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 270 11 Sanger Sanger NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 270 12 asked ask VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 270 13 : : : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 270 14 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 270 15 What what WP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 270 16 does do VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 270 17 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 270 18 machine machine NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 270 19 do do VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 270 20 then then RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 270 21 ? ? . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 270 22 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 270 23 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 270 24 Dideoxy Dideoxy NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 270 25 sequencing sequencing NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 270 26 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 270 27 came come VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 270 28 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 270 29 reply reply NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 270 30 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 270 31 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 270 32 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 270 33 Fred Fred NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 270 34 retorted retort VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 270 35 : : : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 270 36 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 270 37 Have have VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 270 38 n't not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 270 39 they -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 270 40 come come VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 270 41 up up RP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 270 42 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 270 43 anything anything NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 270 44 better well JJR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 270 45 yet yet RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 270 46 ? ? . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 270 47 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 271 1 As as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 271 2 will will MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 271 3 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 271 4 elaborated elaborate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 271 5 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 271 6 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 271 7 final final JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 271 8 chapter chapter NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 271 9 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 271 10 real real JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 271 11 highlight highlight NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 271 12 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 271 13 2000 2000 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 271 14 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 271 15 production production NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 271 16 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 271 17 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 271 18 ' ' `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 271 19 working working NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 271 20 draft draft NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 271 21 ' ' '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 271 22 sequence sequence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 271 23 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 271 24 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 271 25 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 271 26 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 271 27 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 271 28 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 271 29 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 271 30 announced announce VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 271 31 simultaneously simultaneously RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 271 32 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 271 33 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 271 34 US US NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 271 35 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 271 36 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 271 37 UK UK NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 271 38 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 272 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 272 2 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 272 3 joint joint JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 272 4 event event NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 272 5 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 272 6 Celera Celera NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 272 7 Genomics Genomics NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 272 8 announced announce VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 272 9 completion completion NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 272 10 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 272 11 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 272 12 ' ' `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 272 13 first first JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 272 14 assembly assembly NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 272 15 ' ' '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 272 16 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 272 17 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 272 18 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 272 19 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 273 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 273 2 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 273 3 remarkable remarkable JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 273 4 special special JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 273 5 issue issue NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 273 6 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 273 7 Nature Nature NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 273 8 included include VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 273 9 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 273 10 60-page 60-page JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 273 11 article article NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 273 12 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 273 13 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 273 14 Human Human NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 273 15 Genome Genome NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 273 16 Project Project NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 273 17 partners partner NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 273 18 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 273 19 studies study NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 273 20 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 273 21 mapping mapping NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 273 22 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 273 23 variation variation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 273 24 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 273 25 as as RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 273 26 well well RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 273 27 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 273 28 analysis analysis NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 273 29 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 273 30 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 273 31 sequence sequence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 273 32 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 273 33 experts expert NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 273 34 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 273 35 different different JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 273 36 areas area NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 273 37 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 273 38 biology biology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 273 39 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 274 1 Science science NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 274 2 published publish VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 274 3 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 274 4 article article NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 274 5 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 274 6 Celera Celera NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 274 7 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 274 8 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 274 9 assembly assembly NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 274 10 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 274 11 HGP HGP NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 274 12 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 274 13 Celera Celera NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 274 14 data datum NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 274 15 as as RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 274 16 well well RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 274 17 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 274 18 analyses analysis NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 274 19 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 274 20 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 274 21 use use NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 274 22 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 274 23 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 274 24 sequence sequence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 274 25 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 275 1 However however RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 275 2 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 275 3 demonstrate demonstrate VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 275 4 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 275 5 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 275 6 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 275 7 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 275 8 market market NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 275 9 place place NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 275 10 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 275 11 presidential presidential JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 275 12 utterances utterance NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 275 13 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 275 14 joint joint JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 275 15 appearances appearance NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 275 16 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 275 17 Bill Bill NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 275 18 Clinton Clinton NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 275 19 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 275 20 Tony Tony NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 275 21 Blair Blair NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 275 22 touting tout VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 275 23 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 275 24 major major JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 275 25 milestone milestone NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 275 26 turned turn VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 275 27 into into IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 275 28 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 275 29 major major JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 275 30 cold cold JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 275 31 shower shower NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 275 32 when when WRB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 275 33 Clinton Clinton NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 275 34 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 275 35 reassurance reassurance NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 275 36 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 275 37 access access NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 275 38 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 275 39 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 275 40 people people NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 275 41 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 275 42 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 275 43 genetic genetic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 275 44 information information NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 275 45 caused cause VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 275 46 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 275 47 precipitous precipitous JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 275 48 drop drop NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 275 49 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 275 50 Celera Celera NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 275 51 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 275 52 share share NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 275 53 value value NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 275 54 overnight overnight RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 275 55 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 276 1 Clinton Clinton NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 276 2 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 276 3 assurance assurance NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 276 4 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 276 5 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 276 6 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 276 7 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 276 8 effort effort NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 276 9 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 276 10 decipher decipher VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 276 11 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 276 12 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 276 13 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 276 14 will will MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 276 15 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 276 16 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 276 17 scientific scientific JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 276 18 breakthrough breakthrough NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 276 19 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 276 20 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 276 21 century century NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 276 22 -perhaps -perhaps NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 276 23 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 276 24 all all DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 276 25 time time NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 276 26 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 277 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 277 2 have have VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 277 3 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 277 4 profound profound JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 277 5 responsibility responsibility NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 277 6 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 277 7 ensure ensure VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 277 8 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 277 9 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 277 10 life life NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 277 11 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 277 12 saving save VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 277 13 benefits benefit NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 277 14 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 277 15 any any DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 277 16 cutting cutting JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 277 17 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 277 18 edge edge NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 277 19 research research NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 277 20 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 277 21 available available JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 277 22 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 277 23 all all DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 277 24 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 277 25 beings being NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 277 26 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 277 27 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 278 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 278 2 President President NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 278 3 Bill Bill NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 278 4 Clinton Clinton NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 278 5 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 278 6 Wednesday Wednesday NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 278 7 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 278 8 March March NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 278 9 14 14 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 278 10 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 278 11 2000 2000 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 278 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 278 13 stands stand VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 278 14 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 278 15 sharp sharp JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 278 16 contrast contrast NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 278 17 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 278 18 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 278 19 statement statement NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 278 20 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 278 21 Venter Venter NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 278 22 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 278 23 Colleague colleague NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 278 24 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 278 25 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 278 26 Any any DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 278 27 company company NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 278 28 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 278 29 wants want VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 278 30 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 278 31 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 278 32 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 278 33 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 278 34 business business NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 278 35 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 278 36 using use VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 278 37 genes gene NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 278 38 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 278 39 proteins protein NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 278 40 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 278 41 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 278 42 antibodies antibody NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 278 43 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 278 44 drugs drug NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 278 45 has have VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 278 46 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 278 47 very very RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 278 48 high high JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 278 49 probability probability NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 278 50 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 278 51 running run VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 278 52 afoul afoul IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 278 53 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 278 54 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 278 55 patents patent NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 278 56 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 279 1 From from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 279 2 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 279 3 commercial commercial JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 279 4 point point NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 279 5 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 279 6 view view NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 279 7 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 279 8 they -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 279 9 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 279 10 severely severely RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 279 11 constrained constrain VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 279 12 -and -and : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 279 13 far far RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 279 14 more more JJR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 279 15 than than IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 279 16 they -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 279 17 realize realize VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 279 18 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 279 19 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 280 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 280 2 William William NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 280 3 A. A. NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 280 4 Haseltine Haseltine NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 280 5 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 280 6 Chairman Chairman NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 280 7 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 280 8 CEO CEO NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 280 9 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 280 10 Human Human NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 280 11 Genome Genome NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 280 12 Sciences Sciences NNPS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 280 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 280 14 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 281 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 281 2 huge huge JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 281 3 sell sell NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 281 4 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 281 5 off off NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 281 6 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 281 7 stocks stock NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 281 8 ended end VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 281 9 weeks week NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 281 10 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 281 11 biotech biotech NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 281 12 buying buying NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 281 13 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 281 14 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 281 15 those those DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 281 16 same same JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 281 17 stocks stock NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 281 18 soared soar VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 281 19 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 281 20 unprecedented unprecedented JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 281 21 highs high NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 281 22 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 282 1 By by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 282 2 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 282 3 next next JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 282 4 day day NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 282 5 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 282 6 however however RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 282 7 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 282 8 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 282 9 genomic genomic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 282 10 company company NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 282 11 spin spin VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 282 12 doctors doctor NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 282 13 began begin VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 282 14 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 282 15 recover recover VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 282 16 ground ground NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 282 17 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 282 18 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 282 19 brilliant brilliant JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 282 20 move move NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 282 21 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 282 22 turned turn VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 282 23 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 282 24 Clinton Clinton NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 282 25 announcement announcement NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 282 26 into into IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 282 27 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 282 28 public public JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 282 29 relations relation NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 282 30 coup coup NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 282 31 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 283 1 All all DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 283 2 major major JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 283 3 genomics genomic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 283 4 companies company NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 283 5 issued issue VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 283 6 press press NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 283 7 releases release NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 283 8 applauding applaud VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 283 9 President President NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 283 10 Clinton Clinton NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 283 11 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 283 12 announcement announcement NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 283 13 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 284 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 284 2 real real JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 284 3 news news NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 284 4 they -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 284 5 argued argue VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 284 6 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 284 7 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 284 8 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 284 9 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 284 10 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 284 11 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 284 12 first first JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 284 13 time time NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 284 14 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 284 15 President President NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 284 16 strongly strongly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 284 17 affirmed affirm VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 284 18 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 284 19 importance importance NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 284 20 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 284 21 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 284 22 based base VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 284 23 patents patent NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 284 24 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 284 25 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 285 1 And and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 285 2 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 285 3 same same JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 285 4 Bill Bill NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 285 5 Haseltine Haseltine NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 285 6 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 285 7 Human Human NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 285 8 Genome Genome NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 285 9 Sciences Sciences NNPS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 285 10 positively positively RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 285 11 gushed gush VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 285 12 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 285 13 he -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 285 14 happily happily RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 285 15 pointed point VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 285 16 out out RP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 285 17 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 285 18 he -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 285 19 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 285 20 could could MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 285 21 begin begin VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 285 22 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 285 23 next next JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 285 24 annual annual JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 285 25 report report NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 285 26 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 285 27 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 285 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 285 29 President President NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 285 30 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 285 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 285 32 monumental monumental JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 285 33 statement statement NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 285 34 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 285 35 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 285 36 quote quote UH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 285 37 today today NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 285 38 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 285 39 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 285 40 monumental monumental JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 285 41 day day NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 285 42 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 285 43 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 286 1 As as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 286 2 distinguished distinguished JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 286 3 Harvard Harvard NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 286 4 biologist biologist NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 286 5 Richard Richard NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 286 6 Lewontin Lewontin NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 286 7 notes note VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 286 8 : : : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 286 9 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 286 10 No no DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 286 11 prominent prominent JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 286 12 molecular molecular JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 286 13 biologist biologist NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 286 14 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 286 15 my -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 286 16 acquaintance acquaintance NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 286 17 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 286 18 without without IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 286 19 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 286 20 financial financial JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 286 21 stake stake NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 286 22 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 286 23 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 286 24 biotechnology biotechnology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 286 25 business business NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 286 26 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 287 1 As as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 287 2 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 287 3 result result NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 287 4 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 287 5 serious serious JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 287 6 conflicts conflict NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 287 7 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 287 8 interest interest NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 287 9 have have VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 287 10 emerged emerge VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 287 11 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 287 12 universities university NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 287 13 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 287 14 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 287 15 government government NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 287 16 service service NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 287 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 287 18 Lewontin Lewontin NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 287 19 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 287 20 2000 2000 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 287 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 287 22 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 288 1 Away away RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 288 2 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 288 3 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 288 4 spin spin NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 288 5 doctors doctor NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 288 6 perhaps perhaps RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 288 7 Eric Eric NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 288 8 Lander Lander NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 288 9 may may MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 288 10 have have VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 288 11 best well RBS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 288 12 summed sum VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 288 13 up up RP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 288 14 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 288 15 Herculean herculean JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 288 16 effort effort NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 288 17 when when WRB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 288 18 he -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 288 19 opined opine VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 288 20 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 288 21 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 288 22 him -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 288 23 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 288 24 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 288 25 Human Human NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 288 26 Genome Genome NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 288 27 Project Project NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 288 28 has have VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 288 29 been be VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 288 30 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 288 31 ultimate ultimate JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 288 32 fulfilment fulfilment NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 288 33 : : : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 288 34 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 288 35 chance chance NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 288 36 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 288 37 share share VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 288 38 common common JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 288 39 purpose purpose NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 288 40 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 288 41 hundreds hundred NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 288 42 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 288 43 wonderful wonderful JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 288 44 colleagues colleague NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 288 45 towards towards IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 288 46 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 288 47 goal goal NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 288 48 larger large JJR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 288 49 than than IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 288 50 ourselves -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 288 51 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 289 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 289 2 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 289 3 long long JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 289 4 run run NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 289 5 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 289 6 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 289 7 Human Human NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 289 8 Genome Genome NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 289 9 Project Project NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 289 10 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 289 11 greatest great JJS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 289 12 impact impact NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 289 13 might may MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 289 14 not not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 289 15 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 289 16 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 289 17 three three CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 289 18 billion billion CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 289 19 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 289 20 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 289 21 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 289 22 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 289 23 chromosomes chromosome NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 289 24 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 289 25 but but CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 289 26 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 289 27 model model NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 289 28 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 289 29 scientific scientific JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 289 30 community community NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 289 31 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 289 32 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 290 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 290 2 Ridley Ridley NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 290 3 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 290 4 2000 2000 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 290 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 290 6 6 6 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 290 7 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 291 1 GENE gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 291 2 THERAPY THERAPY NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 292 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 292 2 year year NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 292 3 1990 1990 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 292 4 also also RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 292 5 marked mark VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 292 6 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 292 7 passing passing NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 292 8 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 292 9 another another DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 292 10 milestone milestone NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 292 11 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 292 12 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 292 13 intimately intimately RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 292 14 connected connect VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 292 15 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 292 16 one one CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 292 17 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 292 18 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 292 19 fundamental fundamental JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 292 20 drivers driver NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 292 21 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 292 22 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 292 23 HGP HGP NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 292 24 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 293 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 293 2 California California NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 293 3 Hereditary Hereditary NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 293 4 Disorders Disorders NNPS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 293 5 Act Act NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 293 6 came come VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 293 7 into into IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 293 8 force force NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 293 9 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 293 10 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 293 11 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 293 12 one one CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 293 13 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 293 14 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 293 15 potential potential JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 293 16 solutions solution NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 293 17 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 293 18 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 293 19 hereditary hereditary JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 293 20 disorders disorder NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 293 21 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 294 1 W. W. NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 294 2 French French NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 294 3 Anderson Anderson NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 294 4 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 294 5 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 294 6 USA USA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 294 7 reported report VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 294 8 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 294 9 first first JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 294 10 successful successful JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 294 11 application application NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 294 12 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 294 13 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 294 14 therapy therapy NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 294 15 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 294 16 humans human NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 294 17 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 295 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 295 2 first first JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 295 3 successful successful JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 295 4 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 295 5 therapy therapy NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 295 6 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 295 7 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 295 8 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 295 9 disease disease NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 295 10 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 295 11 successfully successfully RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 295 12 achieved achieve VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 295 13 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 295 14 Severe severe JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 295 15 Combined combined JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 295 16 Immune immune JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 295 17 Deficiency deficiency NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 295 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 295 19 SCID SCID NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 295 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 295 21 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 295 22 introducing introduce VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 295 23 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 295 24 missing miss VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 295 25 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 295 26 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 295 27 adenosine adenosine NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 295 28 deaminase deaminase NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 295 29 deficiency deficiency NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 295 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 295 31 ADA ADA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 295 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 295 33 into into IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 295 34 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 295 35 peripheral peripheral JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 295 36 lymphocytes lymphocyte NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 295 37 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 295 38 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 295 39 4-year 4-year JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 295 40 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 295 41 old old JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 295 42 girl girl NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 295 43 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 295 44 returning return VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 295 45 modified modify VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 295 46 lymphocytes lymphocyte NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 295 47 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 295 48 her -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 295 49 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 296 1 Although although IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 296 2 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 296 3 results result NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 296 4 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 296 5 difficult difficult JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 296 6 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 296 7 interpret interpret VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 296 8 because because IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 296 9 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 296 10 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 296 11 concurrent concurrent JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 296 12 use use NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 296 13 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 296 14 polyethylene polyethylene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 296 15 glycol glycol NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 296 16 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 296 17 conjugated conjugate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 296 18 ADA ADA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 296 19 commonly commonly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 296 20 referred refer VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 296 21 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 296 22 as as RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 296 23 pegylated pegylate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 296 24 ADA ADA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 296 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 296 26 PGLA PGLA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 296 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 296 28 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 296 29 all all DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 296 30 patients patient NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 296 31 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 296 32 strong strong JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 296 33 evidence evidence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 296 34 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 296 35 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 296 36 vivo vivo NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 296 37 efficacy efficacy NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 296 38 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 296 39 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 296 40 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 297 1 ADA ADA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 297 2 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 297 3 modified modify VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 297 4 T T NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 297 5 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 297 6 persisted persist VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 297 7 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 297 8 vivo vivo NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 297 9 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 297 10 up up IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 297 11 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 297 12 three three CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 297 13 years year NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 297 14 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 297 15 were be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 297 16 associated associate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 297 17 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 297 18 increases increase NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 297 19 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 297 20 T t NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 297 21 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 297 22 cell cell NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 297 23 number number NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 297 24 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 297 25 ADA ADA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 297 26 enzyme enzyme NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 297 27 levels level NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 297 28 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 297 29 T t NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 297 30 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 297 31 derived derive VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 297 32 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 297 33 transduced transduce VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 297 34 PGLA PGLA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 297 35 were be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 297 36 progressively progressively RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 297 37 replaced replace VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 297 38 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 297 39 marrow marrow NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 297 40 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 297 41 derived derive VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 297 42 T t NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 297 43 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 297 44 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 297 45 confirming confirm VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 297 46 successful successful JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 297 47 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 297 48 transfer transfer NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 297 49 into into IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 297 50 long long RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 297 51 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 297 52 lived live VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 297 53 progenitor progenitor NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 297 54 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 297 55 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 298 1 Ashanthi Ashanthi NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 298 2 DeSilva DeSilva NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 298 3 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 298 4 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 298 5 girl girl NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 298 6 who who WP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 298 7 received receive VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 298 8 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 298 9 first first JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 298 10 credible credible JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 298 11 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 298 12 therapy therapy NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 298 13 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 298 14 continues continue VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 298 15 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 298 16 do do VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 298 17 well well RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 298 18 more more JJR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 298 19 than than IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 298 20 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 298 21 decade decade NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 298 22 later later RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 298 23 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 299 1 Cynthia Cynthia NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 299 2 Cutshall Cutshall NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 299 3 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 299 4 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 299 5 second second JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 299 6 child child NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 299 7 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 299 8 receive receive VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 299 9 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 299 10 therapy therapy NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 299 11 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 299 12 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 299 13 same same JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 299 14 disorder disorder NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 299 15 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 299 16 DeSilva DeSilva NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 299 17 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 299 18 also also RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 299 19 continues continue VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 299 20 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 299 21 do do VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 299 22 well well RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 299 23 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 300 1 Within within IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 300 2 10 10 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 300 3 years year NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 300 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 300 5 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 300 6 January January NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 300 7 2000 2000 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 300 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 300 9 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 300 10 more more JJR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 300 11 than than IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 300 12 350 350 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 300 13 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 300 14 therapy therapy NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 300 15 protocols protocol NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 300 16 had have VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 300 17 been be VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 300 18 approved approve VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 300 19 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 300 20 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 300 21 US US NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 300 22 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 300 23 worldwide worldwide RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 300 24 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 300 25 researchers researcher NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 300 26 launched launch VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 300 27 more more JJR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 300 28 than than IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 300 29 400 400 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 300 30 clinical clinical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 300 31 trials trial NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 300 32 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 300 33 test test VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 300 34 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 300 35 therapy therapy NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 300 36 against against IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 300 37 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 300 38 wide wide JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 300 39 array array NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 300 40 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 300 41 illnesses illness NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 300 42 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 301 1 Surprisingly surprisingly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 301 2 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 301 3 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 301 4 disease disease NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 301 5 not not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 301 6 typically typically RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 301 7 heading head VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 301 8 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 301 9 charts chart NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 301 10 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 301 11 heritable heritable JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 301 12 disorders disorder NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 301 13 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 301 14 cancer cancer NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 301 15 has have VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 301 16 dominated dominate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 301 17 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 301 18 research research NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 301 19 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 302 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 302 2 1994 1994 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 302 3 cancer cancer NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 302 4 patients patient NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 302 5 were be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 302 6 treated treat VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 302 7 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 302 8 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 302 9 tumor tumor NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 302 10 necrosis necrosis NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 302 11 factor factor NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 302 12 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 302 13 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 302 14 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 302 15 natural natural JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 302 16 tumor tumor NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 302 17 fighting fight VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 302 18 protein protein NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 302 19 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 302 20 worked work VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 302 21 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 302 22 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 302 23 limited limited JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 302 24 extent extent NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 302 25 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 303 1 Even even RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 303 2 more more RBR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 303 3 surprisingly surprisingly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 303 4 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 303 5 after after IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 303 6 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 303 7 initial initial JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 303 8 flurry flurry NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 303 9 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 303 10 success success NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 303 11 little little JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 303 12 has have VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 303 13 worked work VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 303 14 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 304 1 Gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 304 2 therapy therapy NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 304 3 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 304 4 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 304 5 promising promising JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 304 6 miracle miracle NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 304 7 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 304 8 1990 1990 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 304 9 failed fail VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 304 10 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 304 11 deliver deliver VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 304 12 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 304 13 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 304 14 early early JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 304 15 promise promise NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 304 16 over over IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 304 17 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 304 18 decade decade NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 304 19 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 305 1 Apart apart RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 305 2 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 305 3 those those DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 305 4 examples example NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 305 5 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 305 6 there there EX cord-016293-pyb00pt5 305 7 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 305 8 many many JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 305 9 diseases disease NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 305 10 whose whose WP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 305 11 molecular molecular JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 305 12 pathology pathology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 305 13 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 305 14 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 305 15 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 305 16 soon soon RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 305 17 will will MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 305 18 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 305 19 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 305 20 well well RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 305 21 understood understand VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 305 22 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 305 23 but but CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 305 24 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 305 25 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 305 26 no no DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 305 27 satisfactory satisfactory JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 305 28 treatments treatment NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 305 29 have have VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 305 30 yet yet RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 305 31 been be VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 305 32 developed develop VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 305 33 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 306 1 At at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 306 2 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 306 3 beginning beginning NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 306 4 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 306 5 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 306 6 nineties ninety NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 306 7 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 306 8 appeared appear VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 306 9 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 306 10 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 306 11 therapy therapy NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 306 12 did do VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 306 13 offer offer VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 306 14 new new JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 306 15 opportunities opportunity NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 306 16 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 306 17 treat treat VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 306 18 these these DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 306 19 disorders disorder NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 306 20 both both DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 306 21 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 306 22 restoring restore VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 306 23 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 306 24 functions function NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 306 25 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 306 26 have have VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 306 27 been be VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 306 28 lost lose VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 306 29 through through IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 306 30 mutation mutation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 306 31 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 306 32 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 306 33 introducing introduce VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 306 34 genes gene NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 306 35 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 306 36 can can MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 306 37 inhibit inhibit VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 306 38 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 306 39 replication replication NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 306 40 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 306 41 infectious infectious JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 306 42 agents agent NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 306 43 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 306 44 render render VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 306 45 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 306 46 resistant resistant JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 306 47 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 306 48 cytotoxic cytotoxic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 306 49 drugs drug NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 306 50 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 306 51 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 306 52 cause cause VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 306 53 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 306 54 elimination elimination NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 306 55 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 306 56 aberrant aberrant JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 306 57 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 306 58 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 307 1 From from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 307 2 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 307 3 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 307 4 genomic genomic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 307 5 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 307 6 viewpoint viewpoint NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 307 7 genes gene NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 307 8 could could MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 307 9 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 307 10 said say VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 307 11 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 307 12 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 307 13 viewed view VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 307 14 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 307 15 medicines medicine NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 307 16 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 307 17 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 307 18 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 307 19 development development NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 307 20 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 307 21 therapeutics therapeutic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 307 22 should should MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 307 23 embrace embrace VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 307 24 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 307 25 issues issue NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 307 26 facing face VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 307 27 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 307 28 development development NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 307 29 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 307 30 small small JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 307 31 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 307 32 molecule molecule NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 307 33 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 307 34 protein protein NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 307 35 therapeutics therapeutic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 307 36 such such JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 307 37 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 307 38 bioavailability bioavailability NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 307 39 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 307 40 specificity specificity NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 307 41 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 307 42 toxicity toxicity NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 307 43 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 307 44 potency potency NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 307 45 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 307 46 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 307 47 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 307 48 ability ability NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 307 49 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 307 50 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 307 51 manufactured manufacture VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 307 52 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 307 53 large large JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 307 54 scale scale NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 307 55 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 307 56 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 307 57 cost cost NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 307 58 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 307 59 effective effective JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 307 60 manner manner NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 307 61 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 308 1 Of of RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 308 2 course course RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 308 3 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 308 4 such such PDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 308 5 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 308 6 radical radical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 308 7 approach approach NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 308 8 certain certain JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 308 9 basal basal JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 308 10 level level NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 308 11 criteria criterion NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 308 12 needed need VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 308 13 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 308 14 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 308 15 established establish VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 308 16 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 308 17 selecting select VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 308 18 disease disease NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 308 19 candidates candidate NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 308 20 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 308 21 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 308 22 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 308 23 therapy therapy NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 308 24 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 1 These these DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 2 include include VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 3 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 4 such such JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 5 factors factor NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 6 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 7 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 8 disease disease NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 9 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 10 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 11 incurable incurable JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 12 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 13 life life NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 14 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 15 threatening threaten VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 16 disease disease NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 17 ; ; : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 18 organ organ NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 19 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 20 tissue tissue NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 21 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 22 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 23 cell cell NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 24 types type NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 25 affected affect VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 26 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 27 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 28 disease disease NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 29 have have VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 30 been be VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 31 identified identify VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 32 ; ; : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 33 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 34 normal normal JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 35 counterpart counterpart NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 36 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 37 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 38 defective defective JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 39 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 40 has have VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 41 been be VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 42 isolated isolate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 43 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 44 cloned clone VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 45 ; ; : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 46 either either CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 47 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 48 normal normal JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 49 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 50 can can MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 51 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 52 introduced introduce VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 53 into into IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 54 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 55 substantial substantial JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 56 subfraction subfraction NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 57 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 58 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 59 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 60 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 61 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 62 affected affect VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 63 tissue tissue NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 64 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 65 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 66 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 67 introduction introduction NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 68 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 69 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 70 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 71 into into IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 72 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 73 available available JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 74 target target NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 75 tissue tissue NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 76 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 77 such such JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 78 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 79 bone bone NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 80 marrow marrow NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 81 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 82 will will MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 83 somehow somehow RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 84 alter alter VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 85 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 86 disease disease NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 87 process process NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 88 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 89 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 90 tissue tissue NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 91 affected affect VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 92 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 93 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 94 disease disease NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 95 ; ; : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 96 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 97 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 98 can can MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 99 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 100 expressed express VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 309 101 adequately adequately RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 310 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 310 2 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 310 3 will will MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 310 4 direct direct VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 310 5 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 310 6 production production NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 310 7 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 310 8 enough enough JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 310 9 normal normal JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 310 10 protein protein NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 310 11 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 310 12 make make VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 310 13 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 310 14 difference difference NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 310 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 310 16 ; ; : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 310 17 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 310 18 techniques technique NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 310 19 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 310 20 available available JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 310 21 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 310 22 verify verify VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 310 23 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 310 24 safety safety NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 310 25 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 310 26 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 310 27 procedure procedure NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 310 28 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 311 1 An an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 311 2 ideal ideal JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 311 3 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 311 4 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 311 5 should should MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 311 6 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 311 7 therefore therefore RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 311 8 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 311 9 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 311 10 stably stably RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 311 11 formulated formulate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 311 12 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 311 13 room room NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 311 14 temperature temperature NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 311 15 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 311 16 amenable amenable JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 311 17 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 311 18 administration administration NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 311 19 either either CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 311 20 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 311 21 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 311 22 injectable injectable JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 311 23 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 311 24 aerosol aerosol NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 311 25 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 311 26 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 311 27 oral oral JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 311 28 delivery delivery NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 311 29 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 311 30 liquid liquid NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 311 31 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 311 32 capsule capsule NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 311 33 form form NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 311 34 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 312 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 312 2 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 312 3 should should MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 312 4 also also RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 312 5 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 312 6 suitable suitable JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 312 7 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 312 8 repeat repeat NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 312 9 therapy therapy NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 312 10 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 312 11 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 312 12 when when WRB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 312 13 delivered deliver VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 312 14 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 312 15 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 312 16 should should MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 312 17 neither neither CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 312 18 generate generate VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 312 19 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 312 20 immune immune JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 312 21 response response NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 312 22 nor nor CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 312 23 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 312 24 destroyed destroy VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 312 25 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 312 26 tissue tissue NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 312 27 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 312 28 scavenging scavenging NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 312 29 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 312 30 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 313 1 When when WRB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 313 2 delivered deliver VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 313 3 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 313 4 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 313 5 target target NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 313 6 cell cell NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 313 7 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 313 8 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 313 9 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 313 10 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 313 11 should should MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 313 12 then then RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 313 13 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 313 14 transported transport VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 313 15 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 313 16 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 313 17 nucleus nucleus NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 313 18 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 313 19 where where WRB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 313 20 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 313 21 should should MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 313 22 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 313 23 maintained maintain VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 313 24 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 313 25 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 313 26 stable stable JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 313 27 plasmid plasmid NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 313 28 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 313 29 chromosomal chromosomal JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 313 30 integrant integrant NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 313 31 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 313 32 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 313 33 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 313 34 expressed express VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 313 35 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 313 36 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 313 37 predictable predictable JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 313 38 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 313 39 controlled controlled JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 313 40 fashion fashion NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 313 41 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 313 42 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 313 43 desired desire VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 313 44 potency potency NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 313 45 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 313 46 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 313 47 cell cell NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 313 48 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 313 49 specific specific JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 313 50 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 313 51 tissue tissue NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 313 52 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 313 53 specific specific JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 313 54 manner manner NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 313 55 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 314 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 314 2 addition addition NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 314 3 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 314 4 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 314 5 ADA ADA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 314 6 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 314 7 transfer transfer NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 314 8 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 314 9 children child NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 314 10 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 314 11 severe severe JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 314 12 combined combine VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 314 13 immunodeficiency immunodeficiency NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 314 14 syndrome syndrome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 314 15 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 314 16 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 314 17 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 314 18 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 314 19 marking mark VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 314 20 study study NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 314 21 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 314 22 Epstein Epstein NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 314 23 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 314 24 Barr Barr NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 314 25 virus virus NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 314 26 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 314 27 specific specific JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 314 28 cytotoxic cytotoxic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 314 29 T t NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 314 30 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 314 31 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 314 32 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 314 33 trials trial NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 314 34 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 314 35 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 314 36 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 314 37 modified modify VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 314 38 T T NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 314 39 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 314 40 expressing express VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 314 41 suicide suicide NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 314 42 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 314 43 viral viral JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 314 44 resistance resistance NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 314 45 genes gene NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 314 46 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 314 47 patients patient NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 314 48 infected infect VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 314 49 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 314 50 HIV HIV NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 314 51 were be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 314 52 studied study VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 314 53 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 314 54 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 314 55 early early JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 314 56 nineties ninety NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 314 57 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 315 1 Additional additional JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 315 2 strategies strategy NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 315 3 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 315 4 T t NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 315 5 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 315 6 cell cell NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 315 7 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 315 8 therapy therapy NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 315 9 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 315 10 were be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 315 11 pursued pursue VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 315 12 later later RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 315 13 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 315 14 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 315 15 decade decade NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 315 16 involve involve VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 315 17 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 315 18 engineering engineering NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 315 19 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 315 20 novel novel JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 315 21 T t NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 315 22 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 315 23 cell cell NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 315 24 receptors receptor NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 315 25 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 315 26 impart impart VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 315 27 antigen antigen NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 315 28 specificity specificity NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 315 29 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 315 30 virally virally RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 315 31 infected infect VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 315 32 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 315 33 malignant malignant JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 315 34 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 315 35 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 316 1 Issues issue NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 316 2 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 316 3 still still RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 316 4 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 316 5 not not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 316 6 resolved resolve VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 316 7 include include VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 316 8 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 316 9 transport transport NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 316 10 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 316 11 integration integration NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 316 12 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 316 13 regulated regulated JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 316 14 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 316 15 expression expression NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 316 16 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 316 17 immune immune JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 316 18 surveillance surveillance NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 316 19 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 317 1 This this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 317 2 knowledge knowledge NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 317 3 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 317 4 when when WRB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 317 5 finally finally RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 317 6 understood understand VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 317 7 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 317 8 applied apply VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 317 9 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 317 10 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 317 11 design design NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 317 12 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 317 13 delivery delivery NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 317 14 vehicles vehicle NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 317 15 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 317 16 either either DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 317 17 viral viral JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 317 18 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 317 19 non non JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 317 20 - - JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 317 21 viral viral JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 317 22 origin origin NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 317 23 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 317 24 will will MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 317 25 assist assist VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 317 26 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 317 27 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 317 28 realization realization NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 317 29 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 317 30 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 317 31 therapeutics therapeutic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 317 32 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 317 33 safe safe JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 317 34 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 317 35 beneficial beneficial JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 317 36 medicines medicine NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 317 37 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 317 38 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 317 39 suited suit VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 317 40 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 317 41 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 317 42 routine routine JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 317 43 management management NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 317 44 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 317 45 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 317 46 health health NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 317 47 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 318 1 Scientists scientist NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 318 2 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 318 3 also also RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 318 4 working work VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 318 5 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 318 6 using use VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 318 7 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 318 8 therapy therapy NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 318 9 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 318 10 generate generate VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 318 11 antibodies antibody NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 318 12 directly directly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 318 13 inside inside IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 318 14 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 318 15 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 318 16 block block VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 318 17 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 318 18 production production NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 318 19 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 318 20 harmful harmful JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 318 21 viruses virus NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 318 22 such such JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 318 23 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 318 24 HIV HIV NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 318 25 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 318 26 even even RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 318 27 cancer cancer NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 318 28 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 318 29 inducing induce VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 318 30 proteins protein NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 318 31 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 319 1 There there EX cord-016293-pyb00pt5 319 2 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 319 3 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 319 4 specific specific JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 319 5 connection connection NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 319 6 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 319 7 Francis Francis NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 319 8 Collins Collins NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 319 9 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 319 10 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 319 11 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 319 12 motivation motivation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 319 13 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 319 14 pursuing pursue VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 319 15 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 319 16 HGP HGP NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 319 17 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 319 18 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 319 19 pursuit pursuit NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 319 20 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 319 21 defective defective JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 319 22 genes gene NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 319 23 beginning begin VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 319 24 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 319 25 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 319 26 cystic cystic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 319 27 fibrosis fibrosis NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 319 28 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 319 29 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 320 1 This this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 320 2 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 320 3 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 320 4 called call VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 320 5 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 320 6 CF CF NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 320 7 transmembrane transmembrane NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 320 8 conductance conductance NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 320 9 regulator regulator NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 320 10 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 320 11 codes code NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 320 12 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 320 13 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 320 14 ion ion NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 320 15 channel channel NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 320 16 protein protein NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 320 17 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 320 18 regulates regulate VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 320 19 salts salt NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 320 20 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 320 21 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 320 22 lung lung NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 320 23 tissue tissue NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 320 24 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 321 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 321 2 faulty faulty JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 321 3 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 321 4 prevents prevent VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 321 5 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 321 6 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 321 7 excreting excrete VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 321 8 salt salt NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 321 9 properly properly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 321 10 causing cause VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 321 11 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 321 12 thick thick JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 321 13 sticky sticky JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 321 14 mucus mucus NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 321 15 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 321 16 build build VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 321 17 up up RP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 321 18 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 321 19 destroy destroy VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 321 20 lung lung NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 321 21 tissue tissue NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 321 22 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 322 1 Scientists scientist NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 322 2 have have VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 322 3 spliced splice VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 322 4 copies copy NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 322 5 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 322 6 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 322 7 normal normal JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 322 8 genes gene NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 322 9 into into IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 322 10 disabled disabled JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 322 11 adeno adeno NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 322 12 viruses virus NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 322 13 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 322 14 target target VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 322 15 lung lung NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 322 16 tissues tissue NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 322 17 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 322 18 have have VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 322 19 used use VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 322 20 bronchioscopes bronchioscope NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 322 21 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 322 22 deliver deliver VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 322 23 them -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 322 24 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 322 25 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 322 26 lungs lung NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 322 27 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 323 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 323 2 procedure procedure NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 323 3 worked work VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 323 4 well well RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 323 5 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 323 6 animal animal NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 323 7 studies study NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 323 8 however however RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 323 9 clinical clinical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 323 10 trials trial NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 323 11 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 323 12 humans human NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 323 13 were be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 323 14 not not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 323 15 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 323 16 unmitigated unmitigated JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 323 17 success success NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 323 18 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 324 1 Because because IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 324 2 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 324 3 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 324 4 lining line VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 324 5 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 324 6 lungs lung NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 324 7 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 324 8 continuously continuously RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 324 9 being be VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 324 10 replaced replace VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 324 11 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 324 12 effect effect NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 324 13 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 324 14 not not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 324 15 permanent permanent JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 324 16 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 324 17 must must MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 324 18 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 324 19 repeated repeat VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 324 20 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 325 1 Studies study NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 325 2 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 325 3 underway underway JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 325 4 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 325 5 develop develop VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 325 6 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 325 7 therapy therapy NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 325 8 techniques technique NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 325 9 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 325 10 replace replace VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 325 11 other other JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 325 12 faulty faulty JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 325 13 genes gene NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 325 14 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 326 1 For for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 326 2 example example NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 326 3 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 326 4 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 326 5 replace replace VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 326 6 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 326 7 genes gene NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 326 8 responsible responsible JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 326 9 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 326 10 factor factor NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 326 11 VIII VIII NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 326 12 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 326 13 factor factor NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 326 14 IX IX NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 326 15 production production NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 326 16 whose whose WP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 326 17 malfunctioning malfunctioning NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 326 18 causes cause VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 326 19 hemophilia hemophilia NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 326 20 A a NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 326 21 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 326 22 B b NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 326 23 respectively respectively RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 326 24 ; ; : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 326 25 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 326 26 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 326 27 alleviate alleviate VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 326 28 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 326 29 effects effect NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 326 30 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 326 31 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 326 32 faulty faulty JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 326 33 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 326 34 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 326 35 dopamine dopamine NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 326 36 production production NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 326 37 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 326 38 results result VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 326 39 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 326 40 Parkinson Parkinson NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 326 41 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 326 42 disease disease NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 326 43 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 327 1 Apart apart RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 327 2 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 327 3 technical technical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 327 4 challenges challenge NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 327 5 such such PDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 327 6 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 327 7 radical radical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 327 8 therapy therapy NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 327 9 also also RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 327 10 engenders engender VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 327 11 ethical ethical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 327 12 debate debate NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 327 13 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 328 1 Many many JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 328 2 persons person NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 328 3 who who WP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 328 4 voice voice VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 328 5 concerns concern NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 328 6 about about IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 328 7 somatic somatic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 328 8 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 328 9 cell cell NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 328 10 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 328 11 therapy therapy NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 328 12 use use VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 328 13 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 328 14 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 328 15 slippery slippery JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 328 16 slope slope NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 328 17 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 328 18 argument argument NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 328 19 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 329 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 329 2 sounds sound VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 329 3 good good JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 329 4 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 329 5 theory theory NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 329 6 but but CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 329 7 where where WRB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 329 8 does do VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 329 9 one one PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 329 10 draw draw VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 329 11 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 329 12 line line NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 329 13 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 330 1 There there EX cord-016293-pyb00pt5 330 2 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 330 3 many many JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 330 4 issues issue NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 330 5 yet yet RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 330 6 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 330 7 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 330 8 resolved resolve VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 330 9 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 330 10 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 330 11 field field NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 330 12 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 330 13 thorny thorny JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 330 14 ethics ethic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 330 15 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 330 16 good good JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 330 17 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 330 18 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 330 19 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 330 20 bad bad JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 330 21 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 330 22 uses use NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 330 23 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 330 24 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 330 25 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 330 26 modification modification NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 330 27 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 330 28 difficulty difficulty NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 330 29 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 330 30 following follow VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 330 31 patients patient NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 330 32 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 330 33 long long JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 330 34 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 330 35 term term NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 330 36 clinical clinical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 330 37 research research NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 330 38 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 330 39 such such JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 330 40 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 331 1 Many many JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 331 2 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 331 3 therapy therapy NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 331 4 candidates candidate NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 331 5 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 331 6 children child NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 331 7 who who WP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 331 8 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 331 9 too too RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 331 10 young young JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 331 11 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 331 12 understand understand VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 331 13 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 331 14 ramifications ramification NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 331 15 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 331 16 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 331 17 treatment treatment NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 331 18 : : : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 331 19 Conflict conflict NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 331 20 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 331 21 interest interest NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 331 22 -pits -pits : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 331 23 individuals individual NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 331 24 ' ' POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 331 25 reproductive reproductive JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 331 26 liberties liberty NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 331 27 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 331 28 privacy privacy NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 331 29 interests interest NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 331 30 against against IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 331 31 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 331 32 interests interest NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 331 33 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 331 34 insurance insurance NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 331 35 companies company NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 331 36 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 331 37 society society NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 331 38 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 332 1 One one CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 332 2 issue issue NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 332 3 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 332 4 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 332 5 unlikely unlikely JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 332 6 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 332 7 ever ever RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 332 8 gain gain VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 332 9 acceptance acceptance NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 332 10 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 332 11 germline germline JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 332 12 therapy therapy NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 332 13 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 332 14 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 332 15 removal removal NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 332 16 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 332 17 deleterious deleterious JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 332 18 genes gene NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 332 19 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 332 20 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 332 21 population population NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 332 22 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 333 1 Issues issue NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 333 2 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 333 3 justice justice NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 333 4 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 333 5 resource resource NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 333 6 allocation allocation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 333 7 also also RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 333 8 have have VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 333 9 been be VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 333 10 raised raise VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 333 11 : : : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 333 12 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 333 13 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 333 14 time time NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 333 15 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 333 16 strain strain NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 333 17 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 333 18 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 333 19 health health NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 333 20 care care NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 333 21 system system NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 333 22 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 333 23 can can MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 333 24 we -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 333 25 afford afford VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 333 26 such such JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 333 27 expensive expensive JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 333 28 therapy therapy NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 333 29 ? ? . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 334 1 Who who WP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 334 2 should should MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 334 3 receive receive VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 334 4 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 334 5 therapy therapy NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 334 6 ? ? . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 335 1 If if IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 335 2 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 335 3 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 335 4 made make VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 335 5 available available JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 335 6 only only RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 335 7 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 335 8 those those DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 335 9 who who WP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 335 10 can can MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 335 11 afford afford VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 335 12 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 335 13 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 335 14 then then RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 335 15 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 335 16 number number NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 335 17 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 335 18 civil civil JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 335 19 rights right NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 335 20 groups group NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 335 21 claim claim VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 335 22 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 335 23 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 335 24 distribution distribution NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 335 25 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 335 26 desirable desirable JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 335 27 biological biological JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 335 28 traits trait NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 335 29 among among IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 335 30 different different JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 335 31 socioeconomic socioeconomic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 335 32 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 335 33 ethnic ethnic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 335 34 groups group NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 335 35 would would MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 335 36 become become VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 335 37 badly badly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 335 38 skewed skewed JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 335 39 adding add VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 335 40 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 335 41 new new JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 335 42 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 335 43 disturbing disturbing JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 335 44 layer layer NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 335 45 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 335 46 discriminatory discriminatory JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 335 47 behavior behavior NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 335 48 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 336 1 Indeed indeed RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 336 2 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 336 3 major major JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 336 4 setback setback NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 336 5 occurred occur VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 336 6 before before IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 336 7 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 336 8 end end NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 336 9 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 336 10 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 336 11 decade decade NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 336 12 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 336 13 1999 1999 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 336 14 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 337 1 Jesse Jesse NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 337 2 Gelsinger Gelsinger NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 337 3 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 337 4 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 337 5 first first JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 337 6 person person NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 337 7 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 337 8 die die VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 337 9 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 337 10 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 337 11 therapy therapy NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 337 12 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 337 13 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 337 14 September September NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 337 15 17 17 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 337 16 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 337 17 1999 1999 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 337 18 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 337 19 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 337 20 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 337 21 death death NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 337 22 created create VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 337 23 another another DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 337 24 unprecedented unprecedented JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 337 25 situation situation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 337 26 when when WRB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 337 27 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 337 28 family family NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 337 29 sued sue VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 337 30 not not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 337 31 only only RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 337 32 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 337 33 research research NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 337 34 team team NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 337 35 involved involve VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 337 36 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 337 37 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 337 38 experiment experiment NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 337 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 337 40 U U NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 337 41 Penn Penn NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 337 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 337 43 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 337 44 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 337 45 company company NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 337 46 Genovo Genovo NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 337 47 Inc. Inc. NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 337 48 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 337 49 but but CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 337 50 also also RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 337 51 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 337 52 ethicist ethicist NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 337 53 who who WP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 337 54 offered offer VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 337 55 moral moral JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 337 56 advice advice NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 337 57 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 337 58 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 337 59 controversial controversial JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 337 60 project project NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 337 61 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 338 1 This this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 338 2 inclusion inclusion NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 338 3 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 338 4 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 338 5 ethicist ethicist NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 338 6 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 338 7 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 338 8 defendant defendant NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 338 9 alongside alongside IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 338 10 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 338 11 scientists scientist NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 338 12 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 338 13 school school NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 338 14 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 338 15 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 338 16 surprising surprising JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 338 17 legal legal JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 338 18 move move NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 338 19 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 338 20 puts put VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 338 21 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 338 22 specialty specialty NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 338 23 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 338 24 notice notice NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 338 25 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 338 26 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 338 27 will will MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 338 28 no no RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 338 29 doubt doubt RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 338 30 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 338 31 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 338 32 case case NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 338 33 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 338 34 other other JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 338 35 evolving evolve VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 338 36 technologies technology NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 338 37 such such JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 338 38 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 338 39 stem stem NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 338 40 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 338 41 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 338 42 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 338 43 cloning cloning NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 338 44 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 338 45 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 338 46 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 338 47 members member NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 338 48 could could MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 338 49 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 338 50 vulnerable vulnerable JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 338 51 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 338 52 litigation litigation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 338 53 over over IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 338 54 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 338 55 philosophical philosophical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 338 56 guidance guidance NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 338 57 they -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 338 58 provide provide VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 338 59 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 338 60 researchers researcher NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 338 61 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 339 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 339 2 Penn Penn NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 339 3 group group NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 339 4 principal principal JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 339 5 investigator investigator NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 339 6 James James NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 339 7 Wilson Wilson NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 339 8 approached approach VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 339 9 ethicist ethicist NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 339 10 Arthur Arthur NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 339 11 Caplan Caplan NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 339 12 about about IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 339 13 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 339 14 plans plan NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 339 15 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 339 16 test test VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 339 17 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 339 18 safety safety NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 339 19 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 339 20 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 339 21 genetically genetically RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 339 22 engineered engineer VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 339 23 virus virus NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 339 24 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 339 25 babies baby NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 339 26 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 339 27 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 339 28 deadly deadly JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 339 29 form form NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 339 30 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 339 31 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 339 32 liver liver NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 339 33 disorder disorder NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 339 34 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 339 35 ornithine ornithine NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 339 36 transcarbamylase transcarbamylase NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 339 37 deficiency deficiency NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 339 38 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 340 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 340 2 disorder disorder NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 340 3 allows allow VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 340 4 poisonous poisonous JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 340 5 levels level NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 340 6 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 340 7 ammonia ammonia NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 340 8 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 340 9 build build VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 340 10 up up RP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 340 11 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 340 12 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 340 13 blood blood NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 340 14 system system NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 340 15 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 341 1 Caplan Caplan NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 341 2 steered steer VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 341 3 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 341 4 researchers researcher NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 341 5 away away RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 341 6 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 341 7 sick sick JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 341 8 infants infant NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 341 9 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 341 10 arguing argue VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 341 11 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 341 12 desperate desperate JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 341 13 parents parent NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 341 14 could could MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 341 15 not not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 341 16 provide provide VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 341 17 true true JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 341 18 informed informed JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 341 19 consent consent NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 341 20 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 342 1 He -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 342 2 said say VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 342 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 342 4 would would MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 342 5 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 342 6 better well JJR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 342 7 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 342 8 experiment experiment VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 342 9 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 342 10 adults adult NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 342 11 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 342 12 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 342 13 less less RBR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 342 14 lethal lethal JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 342 15 form form NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 342 16 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 342 17 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 342 18 disease disease NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 342 19 who who WP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 342 20 were be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 342 21 relatively relatively RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 342 22 healthy healthy JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 342 23 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 343 1 Gelsinger Gelsinger NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 343 2 fell fall VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 343 3 into into IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 343 4 that that DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 343 5 category category NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 343 6 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 344 1 Although although IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 344 2 he -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 344 3 had have VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 344 4 suffered suffer VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 344 5 serious serious JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 344 6 bouts bout NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 344 7 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 344 8 ammonia ammonia NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 344 9 buildup buildup NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 344 10 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 344 11 he -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 344 12 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 344 13 doing do VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 344 14 well well RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 344 15 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 344 16 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 344 17 special special JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 344 18 drug drug NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 344 19 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 344 20 diet diet NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 344 21 regimen regimen NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 344 22 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 345 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 345 2 decision decision NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 345 3 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 345 4 use use VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 345 5 relatively relatively RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 345 6 healthy healthy JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 345 7 adults adult NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 345 8 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 345 9 controversial controversial JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 345 10 because because IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 345 11 risky risky JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 345 12 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 345 13 unproven unproven JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 345 14 experimental experimental JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 345 15 protocols protocol NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 345 16 generally generally RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 345 17 use use VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 345 18 very very RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 345 19 ill ill JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 345 20 people people NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 345 21 who who WP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 345 22 have have VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 345 23 exhausted exhaust VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 345 24 more more RBR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 345 25 traditional traditional JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 345 26 treatments treatment NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 345 27 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 345 28 so so RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 345 29 have have VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 345 30 little little JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 345 31 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 345 32 lose lose VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 345 33 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 346 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 346 2 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 346 3 case case NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 346 4 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 346 5 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 346 6 virus virus NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 346 7 used use VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 346 8 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 346 9 deliver deliver VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 346 10 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 346 11 genes gene NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 346 12 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 346 13 known know VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 346 14 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 346 15 cause cause VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 346 16 liver liver NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 346 17 damage damage NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 346 18 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 346 19 so so IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 346 20 some some DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 346 21 scientists scientist NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 346 22 were be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 346 23 concerned concern VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 346 24 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 346 25 might may MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 346 26 trigger trigger VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 346 27 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 346 28 ammonia ammonia NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 346 29 crisis crisis NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 346 30 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 346 31 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 346 32 adults adult NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 346 33 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 347 1 Wilson Wilson NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 347 2 underestimated underestimate VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 347 3 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 347 4 risk risk NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 347 5 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 347 6 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 347 7 experiment experiment NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 347 8 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 347 9 omitted omit VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 347 10 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 347 11 disclosure disclosure NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 347 12 about about IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 347 13 possible possible JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 347 14 liver liver NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 347 15 damage damage NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 347 16 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 347 17 earlier early JJR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 347 18 volunteers volunteer NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 347 19 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 347 20 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 347 21 experiment experiment NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 347 22 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 347 23 failed fail VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 347 24 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 347 25 mention mention VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 347 26 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 347 27 deaths death NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 347 28 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 347 29 monkeys monkey NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 347 30 given give VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 347 31 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 347 32 similar similar JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 347 33 treatment treatment NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 347 34 during during IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 347 35 pre pre JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 347 36 - - JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 347 37 clinical clinical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 347 38 studies study NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 347 39 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 348 1 A a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 348 2 Food Food NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 348 3 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 348 4 Drug Drug NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 348 5 Administration Administration NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 348 6 investigation investigation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 348 7 after after IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 348 8 Gelsinger Gelsinger NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 348 9 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 348 10 death death NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 348 11 found find VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 348 12 numerous numerous JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 348 13 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 348 14 violations violation NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 348 15 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 348 16 Wilson Wilson NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 348 17 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 348 18 team team NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 348 19 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 348 20 including include VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 348 21 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 348 22 failure failure NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 348 23 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 348 24 stop stop VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 348 25 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 348 26 experiment experiment NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 348 27 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 348 28 inform inform VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 348 29 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 348 30 FDA FDA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 348 31 after after IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 348 32 four four CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 348 33 successive successive JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 348 34 volunteers volunteer NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 348 35 suffered suffer VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 348 36 serious serious JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 348 37 liver liver NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 348 38 damage damage NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 348 39 prior prior RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 348 40 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 348 41 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 348 42 teen teen NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 348 43 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 348 44 treatment treatment NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 348 45 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 349 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 349 2 addition addition NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 349 3 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 349 4 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 349 5 FDA FDA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 349 6 said say VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 349 7 Gelsinger Gelsinger NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 349 8 did do VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 349 9 not not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 349 10 qualify qualify VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 349 11 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 349 12 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 349 13 experiment experiment NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 349 14 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 349 15 because because IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 349 16 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 349 17 blood blood NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 349 18 ammonia ammonia NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 349 19 levels level NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 349 20 were be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 349 21 too too RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 349 22 high high JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 349 23 just just RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 349 24 before before IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 349 25 he -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 349 26 underwent undergo VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 349 27 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 349 28 infusion infusion NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 349 29 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 349 30 genetic genetic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 349 31 material material NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 349 32 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 350 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 350 2 FDA FDA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 350 3 suspended suspend VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 350 4 all all DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 350 5 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 350 6 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 350 7 experiments experiment NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 350 8 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 350 9 Wilson Wilson NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 350 10 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 350 11 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 350 12 University University NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 350 13 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 350 14 Penn Penn NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 350 15 subsequently subsequently RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 350 16 restricting restrict VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 350 17 him -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 350 18 solely solely RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 350 19 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 350 20 animal animal NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 350 21 studies study NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 350 22 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 351 1 A a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 351 2 follow follow VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 351 3 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 351 4 up up RP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 351 5 FDA FDA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 351 6 investigation investigation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 351 7 subsequently subsequently RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 351 8 alleged allege VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 351 9 he -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 351 10 improperly improperly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 351 11 tested test VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 351 12 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 351 13 experimental experimental JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 351 14 treatment treatment NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 351 15 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 351 16 animals animal NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 351 17 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 352 1 Financial financial JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 352 2 conflicts conflict NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 352 3 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 352 4 interest interest NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 352 5 also also RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 352 6 surrounded surround VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 352 7 James James NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 352 8 Wilson Wilson NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 352 9 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 352 10 who who WP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 352 11 stood stand VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 352 12 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 352 13 personally personally RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 352 14 profit profit VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 352 15 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 352 16 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 352 17 experiment experiment NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 352 18 through through IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 352 19 Genovo Genovo NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 352 20 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 352 21 biotechnology biotechnology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 352 22 company company NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 352 23 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 353 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 353 2 lawsuit lawsuit NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 353 3 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 353 4 settled settle VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 353 5 out out IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 353 6 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 353 7 court court NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 353 8 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 353 9 undisclosed undisclosed JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 353 10 terms term NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 353 11 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 353 12 November November NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 353 13 2000 2000 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 353 14 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 354 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 354 2 FDA FDA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 354 3 also also RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 354 4 suspended suspend VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 354 5 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 354 6 therapy therapy NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 354 7 trials trial NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 354 8 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 354 9 St. St. NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 354 10 Elizabeth Elizabeth NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 354 11 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 354 12 Medical Medical NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 354 13 Center Center NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 354 14 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 354 15 Boston Boston NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 354 16 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 354 17 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 354 18 major major JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 354 19 teaching teaching NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 354 20 affiliate affiliate NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 354 21 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 354 22 Tufts Tufts NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 354 23 University University NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 354 24 School School NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 354 25 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 354 26 Medicine Medicine NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 354 27 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 354 28 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 354 29 sought seek VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 354 30 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 354 31 use use VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 354 32 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 354 33 therapy therapy NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 354 34 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 354 35 reverse reverse VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 354 36 heart heart NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 354 37 disease disease NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 354 38 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 354 39 because because IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 354 40 scientists scientist NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 354 41 there there RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 354 42 failed fail VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 354 43 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 354 44 follow follow VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 354 45 protocols protocol NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 354 46 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 354 47 may may MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 354 48 have have VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 354 49 contributed contribute VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 354 50 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 354 51 at at RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 354 52 least least RBS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 354 53 one one CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 354 54 patient patient JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 354 55 death death NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 354 56 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 355 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 355 2 addition addition NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 355 3 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 355 4 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 355 5 FDA FDA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 355 6 temporarily temporarily RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 355 7 suspended suspend VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 355 8 two two CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 355 9 liver liver NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 355 10 cancer cancer NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 355 11 studies study NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 355 12 sponsored sponsor VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 355 13 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 355 14 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 355 15 Schering Schering NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 355 16 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 355 17 Plough Plough NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 355 18 Corporation Corporation NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 355 19 because because IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 355 20 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 355 21 technical technical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 355 22 similarities similarity NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 355 23 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 355 24 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 355 25 University University NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 355 26 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 355 27 Pennsylvania Pennsylvania NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 355 28 study study NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 355 29 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 356 1 Some some DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 356 2 research research NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 356 3 groups group NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 356 4 voluntarily voluntarily RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 356 5 suspended suspend VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 356 6 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 356 7 therapy therapy NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 356 8 studies study NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 356 9 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 356 10 including include VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 356 11 two two CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 356 12 experiments experiment NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 356 13 sponsored sponsor VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 356 14 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 356 15 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 356 16 Cystic Cystic NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 356 17 Fibrosis Fibrosis NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 356 18 Foundation Foundation NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 356 19 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 356 20 studies study NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 356 21 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 356 22 Beth Beth NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 356 23 Israel Israel NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 356 24 Deaconess Deaconess NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 356 25 Medical Medical NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 356 26 Center Center NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 356 27 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 356 28 Boston Boston NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 356 29 aimed aim VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 356 30 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 356 31 hemophilia hemophilia NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 356 32 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 357 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 357 2 scientists scientist NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 357 3 paused pause VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 357 4 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 357 5 make make VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 357 6 sure sure JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 357 7 they -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 357 8 learned learn VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 357 9 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 357 10 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 357 11 mistakes mistake NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 357 12 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 358 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 358 2 nineties ninety NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 358 3 also also RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 358 4 saw see VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 358 5 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 358 6 development development NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 358 7 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 358 8 another another DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 358 9 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 358 10 high high JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 358 11 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 358 12 thoughput thoughput NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 358 13 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 358 14 breakthrough breakthrough NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 358 15 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 358 16 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 358 17 derivative derivative NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 358 18 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 358 19 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 358 20 other other JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 358 21 high high JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 358 22 tech tech NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 358 23 revolution revolution NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 358 24 namely namely RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 358 25 DNA dna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 358 26 chips chip NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 358 27 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 359 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 359 2 1991 1991 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 359 3 Biochips Biochips NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 359 4 were be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 359 5 developed develop VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 359 6 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 359 7 commercial commercial JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 359 8 use use NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 359 9 under under IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 359 10 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 359 11 guidance guidance NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 359 12 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 359 13 Affymetrix Affymetrix NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 359 14 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 360 1 DNA dna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 360 2 chips chip NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 360 3 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 360 4 microarrays microarray NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 360 5 represent represent VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 360 6 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 360 7 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 360 8 massively massively RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 360 9 parallel parallel JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 360 10 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 360 11 genomic genomic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 360 12 technology technology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 360 13 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 361 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 361 2 facilitate facilitate VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 361 3 high high JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 361 4 throughput throughput NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 361 5 analysis analysis NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 361 6 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 361 7 thousands thousand NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 361 8 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 361 9 genes gene NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 361 10 simultaneously simultaneously RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 361 11 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 361 12 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 361 13 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 361 14 thus thus RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 361 15 potentially potentially RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 361 16 very very RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 361 17 powerful powerful JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 361 18 tools tool NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 361 19 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 361 20 gaining gain VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 361 21 insight insight NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 361 22 into into IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 361 23 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 361 24 complexities complexity NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 361 25 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 361 26 higher high JJR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 361 27 organisms organism NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 361 28 including include VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 361 29 analysis analysis NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 361 30 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 361 31 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 361 32 expression expression NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 361 33 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 361 34 detecting detect VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 361 35 genetic genetic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 361 36 variation variation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 361 37 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 361 38 making make VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 361 39 new new JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 361 40 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 361 41 discoveries discovery NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 361 42 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 361 43 fingerprinting fingerprinting NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 361 44 strains strain NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 361 45 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 361 46 developing develop VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 361 47 new new JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 361 48 diagnostic diagnostic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 361 49 tools tool NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 361 50 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 362 1 These these DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 362 2 technologies technology NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 362 3 permit permit VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 362 4 scientists scientist NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 362 5 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 362 6 conduct conduct VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 362 7 large large JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 362 8 scale scale NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 362 9 surveys survey NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 362 10 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 362 11 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 362 12 expression expression NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 362 13 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 362 14 organisms organism NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 362 15 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 362 16 thus thus RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 362 17 adding add VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 362 18 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 362 19 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 362 20 knowledge knowledge NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 362 21 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 362 22 how how WRB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 362 23 they -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 362 24 develop develop VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 362 25 over over IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 362 26 time time NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 362 27 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 362 28 respond respond VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 362 29 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 362 30 various various JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 362 31 environmental environmental JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 362 32 stimuli stimulus NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 362 33 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 363 1 These these DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 363 2 techniques technique NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 363 3 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 363 4 especially especially RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 363 5 useful useful JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 363 6 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 363 7 gaining gain VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 363 8 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 363 9 integrated integrated JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 363 10 view view NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 363 11 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 363 12 how how WRB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 363 13 multiple multiple JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 363 14 genes gene NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 363 15 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 363 16 expressed express VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 363 17 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 363 18 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 363 19 coordinated coordinated JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 363 20 manner manner NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 363 21 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 1 These these DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 2 DNA dna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 3 chips chip NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 4 have have VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 5 broad broad JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 6 commercial commercial JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 7 applications application NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 8 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 9 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 10 now now RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 11 used use VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 12 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 13 many many JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 14 areas area NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 15 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 16 basic basic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 17 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 18 clinical clinical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 19 research research NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 20 including include VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 21 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 22 detection detection NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 23 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 24 drug drug NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 25 resistance resistance NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 26 mutations mutation NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 27 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 28 infectious infectious JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 29 organisms organism NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 30 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 31 direct direct JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 32 DNA dna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 33 sequence sequence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 34 comparison comparison NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 35 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 36 large large JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 37 segments segment NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 38 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 39 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 40 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 41 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 42 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 43 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 44 monitoring monitoring NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 45 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 46 multiple multiple JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 47 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 48 genes gene NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 49 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 50 disease disease NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 51 associated associate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 52 mutations mutation NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 53 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 54 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 55 quantitative quantitative JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 56 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 57 parallel parallel JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 58 measurement measurement NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 59 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 60 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 61 expression expression NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 62 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 63 thousands thousand NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 64 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 65 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 66 genes gene NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 67 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 68 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 69 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 70 physical physical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 71 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 72 genetic genetic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 73 mapping mapping NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 74 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 75 genomes genome NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 364 76 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 365 1 However however RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 365 2 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 365 3 initial initial JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 365 4 technologies technology NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 365 5 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 365 6 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 365 7 more more RBR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 365 8 accurately accurately RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 365 9 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 365 10 algorithms algorithm NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 365 11 used use VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 365 12 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 365 13 extract extract VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 365 14 information information NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 365 15 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 365 16 were be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 365 17 far far RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 365 18 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 365 19 robust robust JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 365 20 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 365 21 reproducible reproducible JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 365 22 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 366 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 366 2 erstwhile erstwhile JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 366 3 serial serial JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 366 4 entrepreneur entrepreneur NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 366 5 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 366 6 Al Al NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 366 7 Zaffaroni Zaffaroni NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 366 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 366 9 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 366 10 rebel rebel NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 366 11 who who WP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 366 12 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 366 13 1968 1968 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 366 14 founded found VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 366 15 Alza Alza NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 366 16 when when WRB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 366 17 Syntex Syntex NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 366 18 ignored ignore VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 366 19 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 366 20 interest interest NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 366 21 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 366 22 developing develop VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 366 23 new new JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 366 24 ways way NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 366 25 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 366 26 deliver deliver VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 366 27 drugs drug NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 366 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 366 29 founded found VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 366 30 yet yet RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 366 31 another another DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 366 32 company company NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 366 33 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 366 34 Affymetrix Affymetrix NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 366 35 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 366 36 under under IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 366 37 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 366 38 stewardship stewardship NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 366 39 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 366 40 Stephen Stephen NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 366 41 Fodor Fodor NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 366 42 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 366 43 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 366 44 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 366 45 subject subject JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 366 46 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 366 47 much much JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 366 48 abuse abuse NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 366 49 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 366 50 providing provide VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 366 51 final final JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 366 52 extracted extract VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 366 53 data datum NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 366 54 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 366 55 not not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 366 56 allowing allow VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 366 57 access access NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 366 58 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 366 59 raw raw JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 366 60 data datum NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 366 61 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 367 1 As as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 367 2 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 367 3 other other JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 367 4 personalities personality NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 367 5 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 367 6 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 367 7 high high JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 367 8 through through IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 367 9 put put NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 367 10 era era NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 367 11 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 367 12 Seattle Seattle NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 367 13 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 367 14 bred breed VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 367 15 Steve Steve NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 367 16 Fodor Fodor NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 367 17 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 367 18 also also RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 367 19 somewhat somewhat RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 367 20 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 367 21 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 367 22 polymath polymath NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 367 23 having have VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 367 24 contributed contribute VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 367 25 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 367 26 two two CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 367 27 major major JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 367 28 technologies technology NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 367 29 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 367 30 microarrays microarray NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 367 31 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 367 32 combinatorial combinatorial JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 367 33 chemistry chemistry NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 367 34 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 367 35 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 367 36 former former JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 367 37 has have VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 367 38 delivered deliver VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 367 39 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 368 1 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 368 2 's be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 368 3 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 368 4 promise promise VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 368 5 while while IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 368 6 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 368 7 latter latter JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 368 8 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 368 9 like like IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 368 10 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 368 11 therapy therapy NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 368 12 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 368 13 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 368 14 still still RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 368 15 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 368 16 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 368 17 somewhat somewhat RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 368 18 extended extended JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 368 19 gestation gestation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 368 20 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 369 1 And and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 369 2 despite despite IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 369 3 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 369 4 limitations limitation NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 369 5 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 369 6 being be VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 369 7 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 369 8 industrial industrial JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 369 9 scientist scientist NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 369 10 he -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 369 11 has have VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 369 12 had have VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 369 13 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 369 14 rather rather RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 369 15 prolific prolific JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 369 16 portfolio portfolio NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 369 17 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 369 18 publications publication NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 369 19 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 370 1 His -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 370 2 seminal seminal JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 370 3 manuscripts manuscript NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 370 4 describing describe VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 370 5 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 370 6 work work NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 370 7 have have VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 370 8 been be VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 370 9 published publish VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 370 10 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 370 11 all all PDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 370 12 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 370 13 journals journal NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 370 14 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 370 15 note note NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 370 16 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 370 17 Science Science NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 370 18 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 370 19 Nature Nature NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 370 20 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 370 21 PNAS PNAS NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 370 22 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 370 23 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 370 24 recognized recognize VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 370 25 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 370 26 1992 1992 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 370 27 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 370 28 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 370 29 AAAS AAAS NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 370 30 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 370 31 receiving receive VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 370 32 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 370 33 Newcomb Newcomb NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 370 34 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 370 35 Cleveland Cleveland NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 370 36 Award Award NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 370 37 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 370 38 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 370 39 outstanding outstanding JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 370 40 paper paper NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 370 41 published publish VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 370 42 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 370 43 Science Science NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 370 44 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 371 1 Fodor Fodor NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 371 2 began begin VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 371 3 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 371 4 industrial industrial JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 371 5 career career NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 371 6 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 371 7 yet yet RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 371 8 another another DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 371 9 Zaffaroni Zaffaroni NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 371 10 firm firm NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 371 11 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 372 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 372 2 1989 1989 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 372 3 he -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 372 4 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 372 5 recruited recruit VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 372 6 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 372 7 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 372 8 Affymax Affymax NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 372 9 Research Research NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 372 10 Institute Institute NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 372 11 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 372 12 Palo Palo NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 372 13 Alto Alto NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 372 14 where where WRB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 372 15 he -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 372 16 spearheaded spearhead VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 372 17 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 372 18 effort effort NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 372 19 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 372 20 develop develop VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 372 21 high high JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 372 22 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 372 23 density density NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 372 24 arrays array NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 372 25 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 372 26 biological biological JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 372 27 compounds compound NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 372 28 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 373 1 His -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 373 2 initial initial JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 373 3 interest interest NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 373 4 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 373 5 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 373 6 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 373 7 broad broad JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 373 8 area area NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 373 9 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 373 10 what what WP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 373 11 came come VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 373 12 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 373 13 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 373 14 called call VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 373 15 combinatorial combinatorial JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 373 16 chemistry chemistry NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 373 17 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 374 1 Of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 374 2 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 374 3 techniques technique NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 374 4 developed develop VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 374 5 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 374 6 one one CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 374 7 approach approach NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 374 8 permitted permit VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 374 9 high high JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 374 10 resolution resolution NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 374 11 chemical chemical NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 374 12 synthesis synthesis NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 374 13 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 374 14 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 374 15 light light NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 374 16 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 374 17 directed direct VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 374 18 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 374 19 spatially spatially RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 374 20 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 374 21 defined define VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 374 22 format format NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 374 23 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 375 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 375 2 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 375 3 days day NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 375 4 before before IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 375 5 positive positive JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 375 6 selection selection NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 375 7 vectors vector NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 375 8 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 375 9 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 375 10 researcher researcher NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 375 11 might may MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 375 12 have have VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 375 13 screened screen VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 375 14 thousands thousand NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 375 15 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 375 16 clones clone NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 375 17 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 375 18 hand hand NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 375 19 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 375 20 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 375 21 oligonucleotide oligonucleotide JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 375 22 probe probe NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 375 23 just just RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 375 24 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 375 25 find find VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 375 26 one one CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 375 27 elusive elusive JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 375 28 insert insert NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 375 29 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 376 1 Fodor Fodor NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 376 2 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 376 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 376 4 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 376 5 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 376 6 successors successor NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 376 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 376 8 DNA dna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 376 9 array array NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 376 10 technology technology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 376 11 reverses reverse VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 376 12 that that DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 376 13 approach approach NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 376 14 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 377 1 Instead instead RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 377 2 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 377 3 screening screen VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 377 4 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 377 5 array array NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 377 6 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 377 7 unknowns unknown NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 377 8 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 377 9 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 377 10 defined define VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 377 11 probe probe NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 377 12 -a -a HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 377 13 cloned clone VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 377 14 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 377 15 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 377 16 PCR PCR NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 377 17 product product NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 377 18 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 377 19 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 377 20 synthetic synthetic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 377 21 oligonucleotide oligonucleotide JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 377 22 -each -each NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 377 23 position position NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 377 24 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 377 25 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 377 26 probe probe NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 377 27 cell cell NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 377 28 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 377 29 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 377 30 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 377 31 array array NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 377 32 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 377 33 occupied occupy VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 377 34 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 377 35 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 377 36 defined define VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 377 37 DNA dna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 377 38 fragment fragment NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 377 39 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 377 40 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 377 41 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 377 42 array array NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 377 43 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 377 44 probed probe VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 377 45 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 377 46 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 377 47 unknown unknown JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 377 48 sample sample NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 377 49 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 378 1 Fodor Fodor NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 378 2 used use VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 378 3 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 378 4 chemistry chemistry NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 378 5 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 378 6 biophysics biophysic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 378 7 background background VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 378 8 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 378 9 develop develop VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 378 10 very very RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 378 11 dense dense JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 378 12 arrays array NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 378 13 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 378 14 these these DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 378 15 biomolecules biomolecule NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 378 16 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 378 17 combining combine VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 378 18 photolithographic photolithographic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 378 19 methods method NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 378 20 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 378 21 traditional traditional JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 378 22 chemical chemical NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 378 23 techniques technique NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 378 24 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 379 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 379 2 typical typical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 379 3 array array NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 379 4 may may MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 379 5 contain contain VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 379 6 all all DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 379 7 possible possible JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 379 8 combinations combination NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 379 9 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 379 10 all all DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 379 11 possible possible JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 379 12 oligonucleotides oligonucleotide NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 379 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 379 14 8-mers 8-mers CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 379 15 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 379 16 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 379 17 example example NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 379 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 379 19 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 379 20 occur occur VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 379 21 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 379 22 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 379 23 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 379 24 window window NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 379 25 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 379 26 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 379 27 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 379 28 tracked track VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 379 29 along along IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 379 30 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 379 31 DNA dna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 379 32 sequence sequence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 379 33 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 380 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 380 2 might may MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 380 3 contain contain VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 380 4 longer long JJR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 380 5 oligonucleotides oligonucleotide NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 380 6 designed design VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 380 7 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 380 8 all all PDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 380 9 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 380 10 open open JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 380 11 reading reading NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 380 12 frames frame NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 380 13 identified identify VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 380 14 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 380 15 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 380 16 complete complete JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 380 17 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 380 18 sequence sequence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 380 19 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 381 1 Or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 381 2 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 381 3 might may MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 381 4 contain contain VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 381 5 cDNAs cDNAs NNPS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 381 6 -of -of ADD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 381 7 known know VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 381 8 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 381 9 unknown unknown JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 381 10 sequence sequence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 381 11 -or -or : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 381 12 PCR PCR NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 381 13 products product NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 381 14 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 382 1 Of of RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 382 2 course course RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 382 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 382 4 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 382 5 one one CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 382 6 thing thing NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 382 7 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 382 8 produce produce VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 382 9 data datum NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 383 1 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 383 2 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 383 3 quite quite PDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 383 4 another another DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 383 5 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 383 6 extract extract VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 383 7 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 383 8 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 383 9 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 383 10 meaningful meaningful JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 383 11 manner manner NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 383 12 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 384 1 Fodor Fodor NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 384 2 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 384 3 group group NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 384 4 also also RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 384 5 developed develop VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 384 6 techniques technique NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 384 7 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 384 8 read read VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 384 9 these these DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 384 10 arrays array NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 384 11 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 384 12 employing employ VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 384 13 fluorescent fluorescent JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 384 14 labeling labeling NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 384 15 methods method NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 384 16 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 384 17 confocal confocal JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 384 18 laser laser NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 384 19 scanning scanning NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 384 20 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 384 21 measure measure VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 384 22 each each DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 384 23 individual individual JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 384 24 binding bind VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 384 25 event event NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 384 26 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 384 27 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 384 28 surface surface NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 384 29 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 384 30 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 384 31 chip chip NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 384 32 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 384 33 extraordinary extraordinary JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 384 34 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 384 35 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 384 36 precision precision NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 384 37 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 385 1 This this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 385 2 general general JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 385 3 platform platform NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 385 4 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 385 5 microarray microarray NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 385 6 based base VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 385 7 analysis analysis NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 385 8 coupled couple VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 385 9 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 385 10 confocal confocal JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 385 11 laser laser NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 385 12 scanning scanning NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 385 13 has have VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 385 14 become become VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 385 15 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 385 16 standard standard NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 385 17 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 385 18 industry industry NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 385 19 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 385 20 academia academia NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 385 21 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 385 22 large large JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 385 23 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 385 24 scale scale NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 385 25 genomics genomic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 385 26 studies study NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 385 27 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 386 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 386 2 1993 1993 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 386 3 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 386 4 Fodor Fodor NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 386 5 co co VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 386 6 - - VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 386 7 founded found VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 386 8 Affymetrix Affymetrix NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 386 9 where where WRB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 386 10 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 386 11 chip chip NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 386 12 technology technology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 386 13 has have VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 386 14 been be VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 386 15 used use VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 386 16 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 386 17 synthesize synthesize VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 386 18 many many JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 386 19 varieties variety NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 386 20 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 386 21 high high JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 386 22 density density NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 386 23 oligonucleotide oligonucleotide NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 386 24 arrays array NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 386 25 containing contain VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 386 26 hundreds hundred NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 386 27 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 386 28 thousands thousand NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 386 29 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 386 30 DNA dna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 386 31 probes probe NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 386 32 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 387 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 387 2 2001 2001 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 387 3 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 387 4 Steve Steve NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 387 5 Fodor Fodor NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 387 6 founded found VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 387 7 Perlegen Perlegen NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 387 8 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 387 9 Inc. Inc. NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 387 10 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 387 11 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 387 12 new new JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 387 13 venture venture NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 387 14 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 387 15 applied apply VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 387 16 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 387 17 chip chip NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 387 18 technology technology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 387 19 towards towards IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 387 20 uncovering uncover VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 387 21 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 387 22 basic basic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 387 23 patterns pattern NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 387 24 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 387 25 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 387 26 diversity diversity NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 387 27 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 388 1 His -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 388 2 company company NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 388 3 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 388 4 stated state VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 388 5 goals goal NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 388 6 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 388 7 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 388 8 analyze analyze VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 388 9 more more JJR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 388 10 than than IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 388 11 one one CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 388 12 million million CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 388 13 genetic genetic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 388 14 variations variation NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 388 15 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 388 16 clinical clinical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 388 17 trial trial NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 388 18 participants participant NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 388 19 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 388 20 explain explain VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 388 21 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 388 22 predict predict VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 388 23 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 388 24 efficacy efficacy NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 388 25 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 388 26 adverse adverse JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 388 27 effect effect NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 388 28 profiles profile NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 388 29 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 388 30 prescription prescription NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 388 31 drugs drug NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 388 32 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 389 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 389 2 addition addition NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 389 3 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 389 4 Perlegen Perlegen NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 389 5 also also RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 389 6 applies apply VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 389 7 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 389 8 expertise expertise NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 389 9 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 389 10 discovering discover VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 389 11 genetic genetic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 389 12 variants variant NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 389 13 associated associate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 389 14 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 389 15 disease disease NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 389 16 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 389 17 order order NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 389 18 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 389 19 pave pave VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 389 20 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 389 21 way way NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 389 22 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 389 23 new new JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 389 24 therapeutics therapeutic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 389 25 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 389 26 diagnostics diagnostic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 389 27 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 390 1 Fodor Fodor NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 390 2 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 390 3 former former JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 390 4 company company NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 390 5 diversified diversify VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 390 6 into into IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 390 7 plant plant NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 390 8 applications application NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 390 9 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 390 10 developing develop VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 390 11 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 390 12 chip chip NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 390 13 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 390 14 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 390 15 archetypal archetypal JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 390 16 model model NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 390 17 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 390 18 plant plant NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 390 19 systems system NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 390 20 Arabidopsis Arabidopsis NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 390 21 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 390 22 supplied supply VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 390 23 Pioneer Pioneer NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 390 24 Hi Hi NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 390 25 Bred breed VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 390 26 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 390 27 custom custom NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 390 28 DNA dna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 390 29 chips chip NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 390 30 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 390 31 monitoring monitor VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 390 32 maize maize NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 390 33 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 390 34 expression expression NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 390 35 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 391 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 391 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 391 3 Affymetrix Affymetrix NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 391 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 391 5 have have VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 391 6 established establish VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 391 7 programs program NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 391 8 where where WRB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 391 9 academic academic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 391 10 scientists scientist NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 391 11 can can MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 391 12 use use VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 391 13 company company NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 391 14 facilities facility NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 391 15 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 391 16 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 391 17 reduced reduce VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 391 18 price price NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 391 19 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 391 20 set set VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 391 21 up up RP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 391 22 ' ' '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 391 23 user user NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 391 24 centers center NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 391 25 ' ' '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 391 26 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 391 27 selected select VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 391 28 universities university NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 391 29 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 392 1 A a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 392 2 related related JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 392 3 but but CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 392 4 less less RBR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 392 5 complex complex JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 392 6 technology technology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 392 7 called call VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 392 8 ' ' `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 392 9 spotted spot VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 392 10 ' ' '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 392 11 DNA dna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 392 12 chips chip NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 392 13 involves involve VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 392 14 precisely precisely RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 392 15 spotting spot VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 392 16 very very RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 392 17 small small JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 392 18 droplets droplet NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 392 19 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 392 20 genomic genomic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 392 21 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 392 22 cDNA cdna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 392 23 clones clone NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 392 24 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 392 25 PCR PCR NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 392 26 samples sample NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 392 27 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 392 28 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 392 29 microscope microscope NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 392 30 slide slide NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 392 31 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 393 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 393 2 process process NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 393 3 uses use VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 393 4 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 393 5 robotic robotic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 393 6 device device NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 393 7 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 393 8 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 393 9 print print NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 393 10 head head NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 393 11 bearing bear VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 393 12 fine fine RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 393 13 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 393 14 repeatograph repeatograph JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 393 15 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 393 16 tips tip NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 393 17 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 393 18 work work VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 393 19 like like IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 393 20 fountain fountain NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 393 21 pens pen NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 393 22 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 393 23 draw draw VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 393 24 up up RP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 393 25 DNA dna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 393 26 samples sample NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 393 27 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 393 28 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 393 29 96-well 96-well CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 393 30 plate plate NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 393 31 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 393 32 spot spot VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 393 33 tiny tiny JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 393 34 amounts amount NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 393 35 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 393 36 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 393 37 slide slide NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 393 38 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 394 1 Up up IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 394 2 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 394 3 10,000 10,000 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 394 4 individual individual JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 394 5 clones clone NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 394 6 can can MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 394 7 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 394 8 spotted spot VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 394 9 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 394 10 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 394 11 dense dense JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 394 12 array array NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 394 13 within within IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 394 14 one one CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 394 15 square square JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 394 16 centimeter centimeter NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 394 17 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 394 18 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 394 19 glass glass NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 394 20 slide slide NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 394 21 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 395 1 After after IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 395 2 hybridization hybridization NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 395 3 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 395 4 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 395 5 fluorescent fluorescent NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 395 6 target target NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 395 7 mRNA mrna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 395 8 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 395 9 signals signal NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 395 10 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 395 11 detected detect VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 395 12 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 395 13 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 395 14 custom custom NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 395 15 scanner scanner NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 395 16 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 396 1 This this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 396 2 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 396 3 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 396 4 basis basis NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 396 5 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 396 6 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 396 7 systems system NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 396 8 used use VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 396 9 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 396 10 Molecular Molecular NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 396 11 Dynamics Dynamics NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 396 12 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 396 13 Incyte Incyte NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 396 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 396 15 who who WP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 396 16 acquired acquire VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 396 17 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 396 18 technology technology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 396 19 when when WRB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 396 20 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 396 21 took take VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 396 22 over over RP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 396 23 Synteni Synteni NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 396 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 396 25 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 397 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 397 2 1997 1997 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 397 3 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 397 4 Incyte Incyte NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 397 5 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 397 6 looking look VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 397 7 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 397 8 gather gather VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 397 9 more more JJR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 397 10 data datum NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 397 11 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 397 12 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 397 13 library library NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 397 14 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 397 15 perform perform VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 397 16 experiments experiment NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 397 17 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 397 18 corporate corporate JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 397 19 subscribers subscriber NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 397 20 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 398 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 398 2 company company NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 398 3 considered consider VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 398 4 buying buy VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 398 5 Affymetrix Affymetrix NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 398 6 GeneChips GeneChips NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 398 7 but but CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 398 8 opted opt VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 398 9 instead instead RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 398 10 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 398 11 purchase purchase VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 398 12 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 398 13 smaller small JJR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 398 14 Synteni Synteni NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 398 15 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 398 16 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 398 17 had have VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 398 18 sprung spring VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 398 19 out out IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 398 20 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 398 21 Pat Pat NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 398 22 Brown Brown NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 398 23 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 398 24 Stanford Stanford NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 398 25 array array NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 398 26 effort effort NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 398 27 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 399 1 Synteni Synteni NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 399 2 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 399 3 contact contact NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 399 4 printing printing NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 399 5 technology technology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 399 6 resulted result VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 399 7 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 399 8 dense dense JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 399 9 -and -and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 399 10 cheaper cheap JJR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 399 11 -arrays -array NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 399 12 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 400 1 Though Though NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 400 2 Incyte Incyte NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 400 3 used use VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 400 4 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 400 5 chips chip NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 400 6 only only RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 400 7 internally internally RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 400 8 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 400 9 Affymetrix Affymetrix NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 400 10 sued sue VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 400 11 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 400 12 claiming claim VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 400 13 Synteni Synteni NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 400 14 / / SYM cord-016293-pyb00pt5 400 15 Incyte Incyte NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 400 16 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 400 17 infringing infringe VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 400 18 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 400 19 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 400 20 chip chip NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 400 21 density density NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 400 22 patents patent NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 400 23 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 401 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 401 2 suit suit NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 401 3 argued argue VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 401 4 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 401 5 dense dense JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 401 6 biochips biochip NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 401 7 -regardless -regardless NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 401 8 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 401 9 whether whether IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 401 10 they -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 401 11 use use VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 401 12 photolithography photolithography NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 402 1 -cannot -cannot : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 402 2 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 402 3 made make VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 402 4 without without IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 402 5 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 402 6 license license NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 402 7 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 402 8 Affymetrix Affymetrix NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 402 9 ! ! . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 403 1 And and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 403 2 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 403 3 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 403 4 litigious litigious JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 403 5 Congo Congo NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 403 6 line line NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 403 7 endemic endemic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 403 8 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 403 9 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 403 10 hi hi JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 403 11 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 403 12 tech tech NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 403 13 era era NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 403 14 Incyte Incyte NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 403 15 countersued countersue VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 403 16 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 403 17 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 403 18 good good JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 403 19 measure measure NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 403 20 also also RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 403 21 filed file VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 403 22 against against IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 403 23 genetic genetic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 403 24 database database NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 403 25 competitor competitor NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 403 26 Gene Gene NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 403 27 Logic Logic NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 403 28 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 403 29 infringing infringe VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 403 30 Incyte Incyte NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 403 31 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 403 32 patents patent NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 403 33 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 403 34 database database NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 403 35 building building NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 403 36 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 404 1 Meanwhile meanwhile RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 404 2 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 404 3 Hyseq Hyseq NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 404 4 sued sue VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 404 5 Affymetrix Affymetrix NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 404 6 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 404 7 claiming claim VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 404 8 infringement infringement NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 404 9 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 404 10 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 404 11 hybridization hybridization NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 404 12 patents patent NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 404 13 obtained obtain VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 404 14 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 404 15 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 404 16 CSO CSO NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 404 17 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 405 1 Affymetrix Affymetrix NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 405 2 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 405 3 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 405 4 turn turn NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 405 5 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 405 6 filed file VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 405 7 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 405 8 countersuit countersuit NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 405 9 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 405 10 claiming claim VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 405 11 Hyseq Hyseq NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 405 12 infringed infringe VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 405 13 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 405 14 spotted spot VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 405 15 array array NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 405 16 patents patent NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 405 17 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 406 1 Hyseq Hyseq NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 406 2 then then RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 406 3 reached reach VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 406 4 back back RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 406 5 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 406 6 found find VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 406 7 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 406 8 additional additional JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 406 9 hybridization hybridization NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 406 10 patent patent NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 406 11 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 406 12 claimed claim VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 406 13 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 406 14 Affymetrix Affymetrix NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 406 15 had have VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 406 16 infringed infringe VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 406 17 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 407 1 And and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 407 2 so so RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 407 3 on on RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 407 4 into into IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 407 5 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 407 6 next next JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 407 7 millennium millennium NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 407 8 ! ! . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 408 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 408 2 part part NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 408 3 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 408 4 avoid avoid VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 408 5 all all DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 408 6 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 408 7 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 408 8 another another DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 408 9 California California NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 408 10 company company NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 408 11 Nanogen Nanogen NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 408 12 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 408 13 Inc. Inc. NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 408 14 took take VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 408 15 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 408 16 different different JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 408 17 approach approach NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 408 18 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 408 19 single single JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 408 20 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 408 21 polymorphism polymorphism NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 408 22 discrimination discrimination NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 408 23 technology technology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 408 24 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 409 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 409 2 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 409 3 article article NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 409 4 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 409 5 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 409 6 April April NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 409 7 2000 2000 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 409 8 edition edition NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 409 9 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 409 10 Nature Nature NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 409 11 Biotechnology Biotechnology NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 409 12 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 409 13 entitled entitle VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 409 14 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 409 15 Single single JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 409 16 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 409 17 polymorphic polymorphic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 409 18 discrimination discrimination NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 409 19 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 409 20 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 409 21 electronic electronic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 409 22 dot dot NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 409 23 blot blot NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 409 24 assay assay NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 409 25 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 409 26 semiconductor semiconductor NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 409 27 microchips microchip NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 409 28 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 409 29 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 409 30 Nanogen Nanogen NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 409 31 describes describe VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 409 32 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 409 33 use use NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 409 34 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 409 35 microchips microchip NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 409 36 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 409 37 identify identify VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 409 38 variants variant NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 409 39 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 409 40 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 409 41 mannose mannose NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 409 42 binding bind VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 409 43 protein protein NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 409 44 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 409 45 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 409 46 differ differ VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 409 47 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 409 48 one one CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 409 49 another another DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 409 50 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 409 51 only only RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 409 52 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 409 53 single single JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 409 54 DNA dna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 409 55 base base NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 409 56 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 410 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 410 2 mannose mannose NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 410 3 binding bind VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 410 4 protein protein NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 410 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 410 6 MBP MBP NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 410 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 410 8 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 410 9 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 410 10 key key JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 410 11 component component NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 410 12 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 410 13 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 410 14 innate innate JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 410 15 immune immune JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 410 16 system system NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 410 17 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 410 18 children child NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 410 19 who who WP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 410 20 have have VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 410 21 not not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 410 22 yet yet RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 410 23 developed develop VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 410 24 immunity immunity NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 410 25 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 410 26 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 410 27 variety variety NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 410 28 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 410 29 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 410 30 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 411 1 To to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 411 2 date date NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 411 3 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 411 4 four four CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 411 5 distinct distinct JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 411 6 variants variant NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 411 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 411 8 alleles allele NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 411 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 411 10 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 411 11 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 411 12 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 411 13 have have VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 411 14 been be VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 411 15 identified identify VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 411 16 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 411 17 all all DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 411 18 differing differ VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 411 19 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 411 20 only only RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 411 21 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 411 22 single single JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 411 23 nucleotide nucleotide NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 411 24 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 411 25 DNA dna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 411 26 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 412 1 MBP MBP NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 412 2 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 412 3 selected select VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 412 4 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 412 5 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 412 6 study study NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 412 7 because because IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 412 8 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 412 9 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 412 10 potential potential JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 412 11 clinical clinical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 412 12 relevance relevance NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 412 13 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 412 14 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 412 15 genetic genetic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 412 16 complexity complexity NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 412 17 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 413 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 413 2 samples sample NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 413 3 were be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 413 4 assembled assemble VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 413 5 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 413 6 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 413 7 NCI NCI NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 413 8 laboratory laboratory NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 413 9 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 413 10 conjunction conjunction NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 413 11 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 413 12 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 413 13 National National NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 413 14 Institutes Institutes NNPS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 413 15 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 413 16 Health Health NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 413 17 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 413 18 transferred transfer VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 413 19 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 413 20 Nanogen Nanogen NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 413 21 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 413 22 analysis analysis NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 413 23 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 414 1 However however RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 414 2 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 414 3 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 414 4 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 414 5 high high JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 414 6 throughput throughput NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 414 7 perspective perspective NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 414 8 there there EX cord-016293-pyb00pt5 414 9 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 414 10 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 414 11 question question NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 414 12 mark mark NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 414 13 over over IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 414 14 microarrays microarray NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 414 15 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 415 1 Mark Mark NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 415 2 Benjamin Benjamin NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 415 3 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 415 4 senior senior JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 415 5 director director NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 415 6 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 415 7 business business NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 415 8 development development NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 415 9 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 415 10 Rosetta Rosetta NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 415 11 Inpharmatics Inpharmatics NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 415 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 415 13 Kirkland Kirkland NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 415 14 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 415 15 WA WA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 415 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 415 17 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 415 18 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 415 19 skeptical skeptical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 415 20 about about IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 415 21 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 415 22 long long JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 415 23 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 415 24 term term NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 415 25 prospects prospect NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 415 26 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 415 27 standard standard JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 415 28 DNA dna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 415 29 arrays array NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 415 30 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 415 31 high high JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 415 32 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 415 33 throughput throughput NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 415 34 screening screening NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 415 35 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 415 36 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 415 37 first first JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 415 38 steps step NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 415 39 require require VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 415 40 exposing expose VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 415 41 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 415 42 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 415 43 then then RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 415 44 isolating isolate VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 415 45 RNA RNA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 415 46 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 415 47 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 415 48 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 415 49 something something NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 415 50 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 415 51 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 415 52 very very RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 415 53 hard hard JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 415 54 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 415 55 do do VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 415 56 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 415 57 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 415 58 high high JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 415 59 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 415 60 throughput throughput NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 415 61 format format NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 415 62 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 416 1 Another another DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 416 2 drawback drawback NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 416 3 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 416 4 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 416 5 most most JJS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 416 6 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 416 7 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 416 8 useful useful JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 416 9 targets target NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 416 10 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 416 11 likely likely JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 416 12 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 416 13 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 416 14 unknown unknown JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 416 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 416 16 particularly particularly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 416 17 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 416 18 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 416 19 agricultural agricultural JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 416 20 sciences science NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 416 21 where where WRB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 416 22 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 416 23 sequencing sequencing NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 416 24 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 416 25 still still RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 416 26 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 416 27 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 416 28 infancy infancy NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 416 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 416 30 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 416 31 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 416 32 DNA dna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 416 33 arrays array NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 416 34 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 416 35 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 416 36 currently currently RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 416 37 available available JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 416 38 test test NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 416 39 only only RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 416 40 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 416 41 previously previously RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 416 42 sequenced sequence VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 416 43 genes gene NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 416 44 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 417 1 Indeed indeed RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 417 2 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 417 3 some some DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 417 4 argue argue VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 417 5 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 417 6 current current JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 417 7 DNA dna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 417 8 arrays array NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 417 9 may may MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 417 10 not not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 417 11 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 417 12 sufficiently sufficiently RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 417 13 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 417 14 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 417 15 detect detect VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 417 16 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 417 17 low low JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 417 18 expression expression NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 417 19 levels level NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 417 20 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 417 21 genes gene NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 417 22 encoding encode VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 417 23 targets target NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 417 24 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 417 25 particular particular JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 417 26 interest interest NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 417 27 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 418 1 And and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 418 2 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 418 3 added add VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 418 4 complication complication NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 418 5 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 418 6 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 418 7 companies company NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 418 8 ' ' POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 418 9 reluctance reluctance NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 418 10 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 418 11 provide provide VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 418 12 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 418 13 raw raw JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 418 14 data datum NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 418 15 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 418 16 means mean VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 418 17 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 418 18 derived derive VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 418 19 data data NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 418 20 sets set NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 418 21 may may MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 418 22 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 418 23 created create VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 418 24 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 418 25 less less JJR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 418 26 than than IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 418 27 optimum optimum JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 418 28 algorithims algorithim NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 418 29 thereby thereby RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 418 30 irretrievably irretrievably RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 418 31 losing lose VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 418 32 potentially potentially RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 418 33 valuable valuable JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 418 34 information information NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 418 35 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 418 36 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 418 37 starting starting NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 418 38 material material NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 418 39 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 419 1 Reverse reverse JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 419 2 engineering engineering NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 419 3 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 419 4 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 419 5 possible possible JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 419 6 approach approach NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 419 7 but but CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 419 8 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 419 9 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 419 10 laborious laborious JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 419 11 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 419 12 time time NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 419 13 consuming consume VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 419 14 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 419 15 being be VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 419 16 prohibited prohibit VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 419 17 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 419 18 many many JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 419 19 contracts contract NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 419 20 may may MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 419 21 arouse arouse VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 419 22 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 419 23 interest interest NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 419 24 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 419 25 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 419 26 ever ever RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 419 27 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 419 28 vigilant vigilant JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 419 29 corporate corporate JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 419 30 lawyers lawyer NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 419 31 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 420 1 Over over IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 420 2 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 420 3 course course NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 420 4 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 420 5 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 420 6 nineties ninety NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 420 7 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 420 8 outgrowths outgrowth NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 420 9 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 420 10 functional functional JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 420 11 genomics genomic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 420 12 have have VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 420 13 been be VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 420 14 termed term VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 420 15 proteomics proteomic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 420 16 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 420 17 metabolomics metabolomic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 420 18 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 420 19 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 420 20 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 420 21 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 420 22 global global JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 420 23 studies study NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 420 24 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 420 25 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 420 26 expression expression NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 420 27 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 420 28 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 420 29 protein protein NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 420 30 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 420 31 metabolite metabolite JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 420 32 levels level NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 420 33 respectively respectively RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 420 34 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 421 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 421 2 study study NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 421 3 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 421 4 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 421 5 integration integration NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 421 6 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 421 7 information information NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 421 8 flow flow NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 421 9 within within IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 421 10 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 421 11 organism organism NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 421 12 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 421 13 emerging emerge VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 421 14 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 421 15 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 421 16 field field NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 421 17 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 421 18 systems system NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 421 19 biology biology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 421 20 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 422 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 422 2 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 422 3 area area NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 422 4 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 422 5 proteomics proteomic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 422 6 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 422 7 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 422 8 methods method NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 422 9 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 422 10 global global JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 422 11 analysis analysis NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 422 12 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 422 13 protein protein NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 422 14 profiles profile NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 422 15 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 422 16 cataloging catalog VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 422 17 protein protein NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 422 18 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 422 19 protein protein NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 422 20 interactions interaction NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 422 21 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 422 22 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 422 23 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 422 24 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 422 25 wide wide JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 422 26 scale scale NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 422 27 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 422 28 technically technically RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 422 29 more more RBR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 422 30 difficult difficult JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 422 31 but but CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 422 32 improving improve VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 422 33 rapidly rapidly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 422 34 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 422 35 especially especially RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 422 36 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 422 37 microbes microbe NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 422 38 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 423 1 These these DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 423 2 approaches approach NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 423 3 generate generate VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 423 4 vast vast JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 423 5 amounts amount NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 423 6 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 423 7 quantitative quantitative JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 423 8 data datum NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 423 9 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 424 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 424 2 amount amount NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 424 3 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 424 4 expression expression NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 424 5 data datum NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 424 6 becoming become VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 424 7 available available JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 424 8 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 424 9 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 424 10 public public JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 424 11 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 424 12 private private JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 424 13 sectors sector NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 424 14 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 424 15 already already RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 424 16 increasing increase VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 424 17 exponentially exponentially RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 424 18 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 425 1 Gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 425 2 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 425 3 protein protein NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 425 4 expression expression NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 425 5 data datum NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 425 6 rapidly rapidly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 425 7 dwarfed dwarf VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 425 8 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 425 9 DNA dna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 425 10 sequence sequence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 425 11 data datum NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 425 12 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 425 13 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 425 14 considerably considerably RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 425 15 more more RBR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 425 16 difficult difficult JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 425 17 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 425 18 manage manage VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 425 19 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 425 20 exploit exploit VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 425 21 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 426 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 426 2 microbes microbe NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 426 3 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 426 4 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 426 5 small small JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 426 6 sizes size NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 426 7 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 426 8 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 426 9 genomes genome NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 426 10 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 426 11 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 426 12 ease ease NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 426 13 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 426 14 handling handle VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 426 15 microbial microbial JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 426 16 cultures culture NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 426 17 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 426 18 will will MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 426 19 enable enable VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 426 20 high high JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 426 21 throughput throughput NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 426 22 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 426 23 targeted target VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 426 24 deletion deletion NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 426 25 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 426 26 every every DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 426 27 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 426 28 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 426 29 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 426 30 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 426 31 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 426 32 individually individually RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 426 33 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 426 34 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 426 35 combinations combination NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 426 36 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 427 1 This this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 427 2 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 427 3 already already RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 427 4 available available JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 427 5 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 427 6 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 427 7 moderate moderate JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 427 8 throughput throughput NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 427 9 scale scale NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 427 10 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 427 11 model model NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 427 12 microbes microbe NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 427 13 such such JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 427 14 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 427 15 E. E. NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 427 16 coli coli NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 427 17 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 427 18 yeast yeast NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 427 19 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 428 1 Combining combine VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 428 2 targeted target VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 428 3 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 428 4 deletions deletion NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 428 5 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 428 6 modifications modification NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 428 7 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 428 8 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 428 9 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 428 10 wide wide JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 428 11 assay assay NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 428 12 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 428 13 mRNA mrna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 428 14 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 428 15 protein protein NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 428 16 levels level NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 428 17 will will MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 428 18 enable enable VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 428 19 intricate intricate JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 428 20 inter inter JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 428 21 - - NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 428 22 dependencies dependency NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 428 23 among among IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 428 24 genes gene NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 428 25 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 428 26 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 428 27 unraveled unravel VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 428 28 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 429 1 Simultaneous simultaneous JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 429 2 measurement measurement NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 429 3 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 429 4 many many JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 429 5 metabolites metabolite NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 429 6 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 429 7 particularly particularly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 429 8 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 429 9 microbes microbe NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 429 10 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 429 11 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 429 12 beginning begin VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 429 13 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 429 14 allow allow VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 429 15 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 429 16 comprehensive comprehensive JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 429 17 modeling modeling NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 429 18 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 429 19 regulation regulation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 429 20 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 429 21 fluxes flux NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 429 22 through through IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 429 23 interdependent interdependent JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 429 24 pathways pathway NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 429 25 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 430 1 Metabolomics metabolomic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 430 2 can can MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 430 3 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 430 4 defined define VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 430 5 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 430 6 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 430 7 quantitative quantitative JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 430 8 measurement measurement NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 430 9 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 430 10 all all DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 430 11 low low JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 430 12 molecular molecular JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 430 13 weight weight NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 430 14 metabolites metabolite NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 430 15 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 430 16 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 430 17 organism organism NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 430 18 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 430 19 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 430 20 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 430 21 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 430 22 specified specify VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 430 23 time time NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 430 24 under under IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 430 25 specific specific JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 430 26 environmental environmental JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 430 27 conditions condition NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 430 28 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 431 1 Combining combine VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 431 2 information information NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 431 3 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 431 4 metabolomics metabolomic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 431 5 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 431 6 proteomics proteomic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 431 7 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 431 8 genomics genomic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 431 9 will will MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 431 10 help help VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 431 11 us -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 431 12 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 431 13 obtain obtain VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 431 14 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 431 15 integrated integrated JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 431 16 understanding understanding NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 431 17 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 431 18 cell cell NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 431 19 biology biology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 431 20 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 432 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 432 2 next next JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 432 3 hierarchical hierarchical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 432 4 level level NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 432 5 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 432 6 phenotype phenotype NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 432 7 considers consider VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 432 8 how how WRB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 432 9 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 432 10 proteome proteome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 432 11 within within IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 432 12 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 432 13 among among IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 432 14 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 432 15 cooperates cooperate VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 432 16 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 432 17 produce produce VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 432 18 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 432 19 biochemistry biochemistry NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 432 20 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 432 21 physiology physiology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 432 22 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 432 23 individual individual JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 432 24 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 432 25 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 432 26 organisms organism NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 432 27 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 433 1 Several several JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 433 2 authors author NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 433 3 have have VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 433 4 tentatively tentatively RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 433 5 offered offer VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 433 6 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 433 7 physiomics physiomic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 433 8 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 433 9 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 433 10 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 433 11 descriptor descriptor NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 433 12 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 433 13 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 433 14 approach approach NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 433 15 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 434 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 434 2 final final JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 434 3 hierarchical hierarchical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 434 4 levels level NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 434 5 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 434 6 phenotype phenotype NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 434 7 include include VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 434 8 anatomy anatomy NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 434 9 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 434 10 function function NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 434 11 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 434 12 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 434 13 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 434 14 whole whole JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 434 15 organisms organism NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 434 16 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 435 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 435 2 term term NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 435 3 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 435 4 phenomics phenomic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 435 5 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 435 6 has have VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 435 7 been be VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 435 8 applied apply VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 435 9 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 435 10 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 435 11 level level NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 435 12 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 435 13 study study NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 435 14 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 435 15 unquestionably unquestionably RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 435 16 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 435 17 more more RBR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 435 18 well well RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 435 19 known know VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 435 20 omics omic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 435 21 namely namely RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 435 22 economics economics NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 435 23 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 435 24 has have VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 435 25 application application NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 435 26 across across IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 435 27 all all PDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 435 28 those those DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 435 29 fields field NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 435 30 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 436 1 And and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 436 2 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 436 3 coming come VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 436 4 slightly slightly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 436 5 out out IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 436 6 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 436 7 left left JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 436 8 field field NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 436 9 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 436 10 time time NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 436 11 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 436 12 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 436 13 spectre spectre NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 436 14 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 436 15 eugenics eugenics NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 436 16 needless needless JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 436 17 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 436 18 say say VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 436 19 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 436 20 raised raise VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 436 21 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 436 22 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 436 23 omics omic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 436 24 era era NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 436 25 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 437 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 437 2 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 437 3 year year NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 437 4 1992 1992 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 437 5 American american JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 437 6 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 437 7 British british JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 437 8 scientists scientist NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 437 9 unveiled unveil VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 437 10 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 437 11 technique technique NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 437 12 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 437 13 has have VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 437 14 come come VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 437 15 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 437 16 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 437 17 known know VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 437 18 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 437 19 pre pre JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 437 20 - - JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 437 21 implantation implantation JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 437 22 genetic genetic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 437 23 diagnosis diagnosis NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 437 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 437 25 PID PID NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 437 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 437 27 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 437 28 testing test VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 437 29 embryos embryo NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 437 30 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 437 31 vitro vitro FW cord-016293-pyb00pt5 437 32 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 437 33 genetic genetic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 437 34 abnormalities abnormality NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 437 35 such such JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 437 36 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 437 37 cystic cystic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 437 38 fibrosis fibrosis NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 437 39 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 437 40 hemophilia hemophilia NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 437 41 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 437 42 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 437 43 Down Down NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 437 44 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 437 45 Syndrome Syndrome NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 437 46 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 437 47 Wald Wald NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 437 48 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 437 49 1992 1992 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 437 50 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 437 51 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 438 1 This this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 438 2 might may MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 438 3 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 438 4 seen see VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 438 5 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 438 6 most most JJS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 438 7 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 438 8 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 438 9 step step NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 438 10 forward forward RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 438 11 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 438 12 but but CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 438 13 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 438 14 led lead VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 438 15 ethicist ethicist NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 438 16 David David NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 438 17 S. S. NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 438 18 King King NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 438 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 438 20 1999 1999 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 438 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 438 22 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 438 23 decry decry VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 438 24 PID PID NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 438 25 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 438 26 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 438 27 technology technology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 438 28 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 438 29 could could MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 438 30 exacerbate exacerbate VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 438 31 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 438 32 eugenic eugenic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 438 33 features feature NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 438 34 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 438 35 prenatal prenatal JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 438 36 testing testing NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 438 37 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 438 38 make make VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 438 39 possible possible JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 438 40 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 438 41 expanded expand VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 438 42 form form NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 438 43 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 438 44 free free JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 438 45 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 438 46 market market NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 438 47 eugenics eugenics NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 438 48 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 439 1 He -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 439 2 further further RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 439 3 argues argue VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 439 4 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 439 5 due due IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 439 6 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 439 7 social social JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 439 8 pressures pressure NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 439 9 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 439 10 eugenic eugenic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 439 11 attitudes attitude NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 439 12 held hold VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 439 13 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 439 14 clinical clinical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 439 15 geneticists geneticist NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 439 16 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 439 17 most most JJS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 439 18 countries country NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 439 19 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 439 20 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 439 21 results result VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 439 22 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 439 23 eugenic eugenic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 439 24 outcomes outcome NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 439 25 even even RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 439 26 though though IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 439 27 no no DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 439 28 state state NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 439 29 coercion coercion NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 439 30 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 439 31 involved involve VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 439 32 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 439 33 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 439 34 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 439 35 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 439 36 abortion abortion NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 439 37 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 439 38 not not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 439 39 involved involve VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 439 40 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 439 41 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 439 42 multiple multiple JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 439 43 embryos embryo NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 439 44 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 439 45 available available JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 439 46 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 439 47 PID PID NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 439 48 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 439 49 radically radically RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 439 50 more more RBR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 439 51 effective effective JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 439 52 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 439 53 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 439 54 tool tool NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 439 55 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 439 56 genetic genetic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 439 57 selection selection NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 439 58 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 440 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 440 2 first first JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 440 3 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 440 4 approval approval NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 440 5 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 440 6 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 440 7 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 440 8 DNA dna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 440 9 technology technology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 440 10 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 440 11 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 440 12 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 440 13 food food NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 440 14 supply supply NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 440 15 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 440 16 not not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 440 17 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 440 18 plant plant NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 440 19 but but CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 440 20 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 440 21 industrial industrial JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 440 22 enzyme enzyme NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 440 23 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 440 24 has have VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 440 25 become become VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 440 26 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 440 27 hallmark hallmark NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 440 28 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 440 29 food food NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 440 30 biotechnology biotechnology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 440 31 success success NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 440 32 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 441 1 Enzymes enzyme NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 441 2 were be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 441 3 important important JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 441 4 agents agent NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 441 5 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 441 6 food food NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 441 7 production production NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 441 8 long long RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 441 9 before before IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 441 10 modern modern JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 441 11 biotechnology biotechnology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 441 12 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 441 13 developed develop VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 441 14 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 442 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 442 2 were be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 442 3 used use VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 442 4 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 442 5 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 442 6 instance instance NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 442 7 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 442 8 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 442 9 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 442 10 clotting clotting NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 442 11 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 442 12 milk milk NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 442 13 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 442 14 prepare prepare VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 442 15 cheese cheese NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 442 16 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 442 17 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 442 18 production production NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 442 19 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 442 20 bread bread NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 442 21 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 442 22 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 442 23 production production NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 442 24 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 442 25 alcoholic alcoholic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 442 26 beverages beverage NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 442 27 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 443 1 Nowadays nowadays RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 443 2 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 443 3 enzymes enzyme NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 443 4 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 443 5 indispensable indispensable JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 443 6 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 443 7 modern modern JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 443 8 food food NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 443 9 processing processing NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 443 10 technology technology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 443 11 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 443 12 have have VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 443 13 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 443 14 great great JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 443 15 variety variety NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 443 16 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 443 17 functions function NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 443 18 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 444 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 444 2 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 444 3 used use VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 444 4 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 444 5 almost almost RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 444 6 all all DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 444 7 areas area NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 444 8 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 444 9 food food NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 444 10 production production NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 444 11 including include VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 444 12 grain grain NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 444 13 processing processing NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 444 14 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 444 15 milk milk NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 444 16 products product NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 444 17 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 444 18 beer beer NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 444 19 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 444 20 juices juice NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 444 21 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 444 22 wine wine NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 444 23 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 444 24 sugar sugar NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 444 25 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 444 26 meat meat NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 444 27 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 445 1 Chymosin Chymosin NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 445 2 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 445 3 known know VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 445 4 also also RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 445 5 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 445 6 rennin rennin NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 445 7 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 445 8 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 445 9 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 445 10 proteolytic proteolytic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 445 11 enzyme enzyme NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 445 12 whose whose WP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 445 13 role role NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 445 14 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 445 15 digestion digestion NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 445 16 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 445 17 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 445 18 curdle curdle VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 445 19 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 445 20 coagulate coagulate VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 445 21 milk milk NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 445 22 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 445 23 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 445 24 stomach stomach NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 445 25 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 445 26 efficiently efficiently RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 445 27 converting convert VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 445 28 liquid liquid JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 445 29 milk milk NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 445 30 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 445 31 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 445 32 semisolid semisolid NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 445 33 like like IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 445 34 cottage cottage NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 445 35 cheese cheese NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 445 36 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 445 37 allowing allow VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 445 38 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 445 39 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 445 40 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 445 41 retained retain VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 445 42 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 445 43 longer long JJR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 445 44 periods period NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 445 45 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 445 46 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 445 47 neonate neonate NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 445 48 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 445 49 stomach stomach NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 445 50 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 446 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 446 2 dairy dairy NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 446 3 industry industry NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 446 4 takes take VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 446 5 advantage advantage NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 446 6 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 446 7 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 446 8 property property NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 446 9 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 446 10 conduct conduct VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 446 11 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 446 12 first first JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 446 13 step step NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 446 14 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 446 15 cheese cheese NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 446 16 production production NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 446 17 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 447 1 Chy Chy NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 447 2 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 447 3 Max Max NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 447 4 ™ ™ NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 447 5 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 447 6 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 447 7 artificially artificially RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 447 8 produced produce VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 447 9 form form NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 447 10 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 447 11 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 447 12 chymosin chymosin NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 447 13 enzyme enzyme NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 447 14 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 447 15 cheese cheese NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 447 16 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 447 17 making making NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 447 18 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 447 19 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 447 20 approved approve VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 447 21 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 447 22 1990 1990 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 447 23 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 448 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 448 2 some some DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 448 3 instances instance NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 448 4 they -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 448 5 replace replace VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 448 6 less less RBR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 448 7 acceptable acceptable JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 448 8 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 448 9 older old JJR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 448 10 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 448 11 technology technology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 448 12 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 448 13 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 448 14 example example NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 448 15 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 448 16 enzyme enzyme NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 448 17 chymosin chymosin NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 448 18 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 449 1 Unlike unlike IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 449 2 crops crop NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 449 3 industrial industrial JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 449 4 enzymes enzyme NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 449 5 have have VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 449 6 had have VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 449 7 relatively relatively RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 449 8 easy easy JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 449 9 passage passage NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 449 10 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 449 11 acceptance acceptance NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 449 12 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 449 13 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 449 14 number number NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 449 15 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 449 16 reasons reason NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 449 17 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 450 1 As as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 450 2 noted note VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 450 3 they -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 450 4 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 450 5 part part NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 450 6 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 450 7 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 450 8 processing processing NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 450 9 system system NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 450 10 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 450 11 theoretically theoretically RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 450 12 do do VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 450 13 not not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 450 14 appear appear VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 450 15 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 450 16 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 450 17 final final JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 450 18 product product NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 450 19 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 451 1 Today today NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 451 2 about about IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 451 3 90 90 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 451 4 % % NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 451 5 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 451 6 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 451 7 hard hard JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 451 8 cheese cheese NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 451 9 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 451 10 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 451 11 US US NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 451 12 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 451 13 UK UK NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 451 14 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 451 15 made make VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 451 16 using use VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 451 17 chymosin chymosin NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 451 18 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 451 19 geneticallymodified geneticallymodifie VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 451 20 microbes microbe NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 451 21 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 452 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 452 2 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 452 3 easier easy JJR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 452 4 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 452 5 purify purify VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 452 6 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 452 7 more more RBR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 452 8 active active JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 452 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 452 10 95 95 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 452 11 % % NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 452 12 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 452 13 compared compare VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 452 14 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 452 15 5 5 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 452 16 % % NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 452 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 452 18 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 452 19 less less RBR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 452 20 expensive expensive JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 452 21 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 452 22 produce produce VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 453 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 453 2 Microbes microbe NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 453 3 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 453 4 more more RBR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 453 5 prolific prolific JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 453 6 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 453 7 more more RBR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 453 8 productive productive JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 453 9 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 453 10 cheaper cheap JJR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 453 11 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 453 12 keep keep VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 453 13 than than IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 453 14 calves calf NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 453 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 453 16 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 454 1 Like like IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 454 2 all all DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 454 3 enzymes enzyme NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 454 4 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 454 5 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 454 6 required require VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 454 7 only only RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 454 8 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 454 9 very very RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 454 10 small small JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 454 11 quantities quantity NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 454 12 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 454 13 because because IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 454 14 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 454 15 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 454 16 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 454 17 relatively relatively RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 454 18 unstable unstable JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 454 19 protein protein NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 454 20 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 454 21 breaks break VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 454 22 down down RP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 454 23 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 454 24 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 454 25 cheese cheese NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 454 26 matures mature VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 454 27 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 455 1 Indeed indeed RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 455 2 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 455 3 if if IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 455 4 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 455 5 enzyme enzyme NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 455 6 remained remain VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 455 7 active active JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 455 8 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 455 9 too too RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 455 10 long long RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 455 11 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 455 12 would would MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 455 13 adversely adversely RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 455 14 affect affect VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 455 15 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 455 16 development development NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 455 17 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 455 18 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 455 19 cheese cheese NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 455 20 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 455 21 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 455 22 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 455 23 would would MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 455 24 degrade degrade VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 455 25 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 455 26 milk milk NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 455 27 proteins protein NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 455 28 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 455 29 too too RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 455 30 great great JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 455 31 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 455 32 degree degree NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 455 33 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 456 1 Such such JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 456 2 enzymes enzyme NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 456 3 have have VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 456 4 gained gain VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 456 5 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 456 6 support support NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 456 7 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 456 8 vegetarian vegetarian JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 456 9 organizations organization NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 456 10 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 456 11 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 456 12 some some DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 456 13 religious religious JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 456 14 authorities authority NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 456 15 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 457 1 For for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 457 2 plants plant NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 457 3 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 457 4 nineties ninety NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 457 5 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 457 6 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 457 7 era era NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 457 8 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 457 9 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 457 10 first first JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 457 11 widespread widespread JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 457 12 commercialization commercialization NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 457 13 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 457 14 what what WP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 457 15 came come VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 457 16 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 457 17 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 457 18 known know VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 457 19 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 457 20 often often RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 457 21 deprecating deprecating JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 457 22 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 457 23 literally literally RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 457 24 inaccurate inaccurate JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 457 25 terms term NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 457 26 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 457 27 GMOs gmo NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 457 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 457 29 Genetically genetically RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 457 30 Modified modify VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 457 31 Organisms organism NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 457 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 457 33 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 458 1 When when WRB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 458 2 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 458 3 nineties ninety NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 458 4 dawned dawn VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 458 5 dicotyledonous dicotyledonous JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 458 6 plants plant NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 458 7 were be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 458 8 relatively relatively RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 458 9 easily easily RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 458 10 transformed transform VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 458 11 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 458 12 Agrobacterium agrobacterium NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 458 13 tumefaciens tumefacien NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 458 14 but but CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 458 15 many many JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 458 16 economically economically RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 458 17 important important JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 458 18 plants plant NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 458 19 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 458 20 including include VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 458 21 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 458 22 cereals cereal NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 458 23 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 458 24 remained remain VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 458 25 inaccessible inaccessible JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 458 26 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 458 27 genetic genetic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 458 28 manipulation manipulation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 458 29 because because IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 458 30 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 458 31 lack lack NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 458 32 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 458 33 effective effective JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 458 34 transformation transformation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 458 35 techniques technique NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 458 36 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 459 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 459 2 1990 1990 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 459 3 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 459 4 changed change VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 459 5 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 459 6 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 459 7 technology technology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 459 8 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 459 9 overcame overcome VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 459 10 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 459 11 limitation limitation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 459 12 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 460 1 Michael Michael NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 460 2 Fromm Fromm NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 460 3 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 460 4 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 460 5 molecular molecular JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 460 6 biologist biologist NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 460 7 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 460 8 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 460 9 Plant Plant NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 460 10 Gene Gene NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 460 11 Expression Expression NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 460 12 Center Center NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 460 13 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 460 14 reported report VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 460 15 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 460 16 stable stable JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 460 17 transformation transformation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 460 18 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 460 19 corn corn NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 460 20 using use VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 460 21 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 460 22 high high JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 460 23 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 460 24 speed speed NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 460 25 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 460 26 gun gun NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 460 27 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 461 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 461 2 method method NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 461 3 known know VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 461 4 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 461 5 biolistics biolistic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 461 6 uses use VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 461 7 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 461 8 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 461 9 particle particle NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 461 10 gun gun NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 461 11 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 461 12 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 461 13 shoot shoot VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 461 14 metal metal NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 461 15 particles particle NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 461 16 coated coat VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 461 17 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 461 18 DNA DNA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 461 19 into into IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 461 20 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 461 21 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 462 1 Initially initially RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 462 2 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 462 3 gunpowder gunpowder NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 462 4 charge charge NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 462 5 subsequently subsequently RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 462 6 replaced replace VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 462 7 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 462 8 helium helium NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 462 9 gas gas NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 462 10 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 462 11 used use VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 462 12 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 462 13 accelerate accelerate VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 462 14 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 462 15 particles particle NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 462 16 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 462 17 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 462 18 gun gun NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 462 19 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 463 1 There there EX cord-016293-pyb00pt5 463 2 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 463 3 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 463 4 minimal minimal JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 463 5 disruption disruption NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 463 6 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 463 7 tissue tissue NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 463 8 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 464 1 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 464 2 success success NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 464 3 rate rate NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 464 4 has have VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 464 5 been be VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 464 6 extremely extremely RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 464 7 high high JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 464 8 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 464 9 applications application NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 464 10 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 464 11 several several JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 464 12 plant plant NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 464 13 species specie NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 464 14 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 465 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 465 2 technology technology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 465 3 rights right NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 465 4 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 465 5 now now RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 465 6 owned own VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 465 7 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 465 8 DuPont DuPont NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 465 9 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 466 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 466 2 1990 1990 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 466 3 some some DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 466 4 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 466 5 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 466 6 first first JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 466 7 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 466 8 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 466 9 field field NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 466 10 trials trial NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 466 11 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 466 12 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 466 13 crops crop NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 466 14 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 466 15 would would MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 466 16 dominate dominate VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 466 17 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 466 18 second second JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 466 19 half half NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 466 20 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 466 21 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 466 22 nineties ninety NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 466 23 began begin VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 466 24 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 466 25 including include VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 466 26 Bt Bt NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 466 27 corn corn NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 466 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 466 29 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 466 30 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 466 31 Bacillus Bacillus NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 466 32 thuriengenesis thuriengenesis NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 466 33 Cry Cry NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 466 34 protein protein NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 466 35 discussed discuss VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 466 36 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 466 37 chapter chapter NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 466 38 three three CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 466 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 466 40 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 467 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 467 2 1992 1992 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 467 3 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 467 4 FDA FDA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 467 5 declared declare VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 467 6 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 467 7 genetically genetically RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 467 8 engineered engineer VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 467 9 foods food NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 467 10 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 467 11 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 467 12 not not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 467 13 inherently inherently RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 467 14 dangerous dangerous JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 467 15 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 467 16 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 467 17 do do VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 467 18 not not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 467 19 require require VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 467 20 special special JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 467 21 regulation regulation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 467 22 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 468 1 Since since IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 468 2 1992 1992 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 468 3 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 468 4 researchers researcher NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 468 5 have have VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 468 6 pinpointed pinpoint VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 468 7 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 468 8 cloned clone VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 468 9 several several JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 468 10 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 468 11 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 468 12 genes gene NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 468 13 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 468 14 make make VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 468 15 selected select VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 468 16 plants plant NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 468 17 resistant resistant JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 468 18 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 468 19 certain certain JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 468 20 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 468 21 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 468 22 fungal fungal JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 468 23 infections infection NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 468 24 ; ; : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 468 25 some some DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 468 26 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 468 27 these these DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 468 28 genes gene NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 468 29 have have VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 468 30 been be VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 468 31 successfully successfully RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 468 32 inserted insert VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 468 33 into into IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 468 34 crop crop NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 468 35 plants plant NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 468 36 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 468 37 lack lack VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 468 38 them -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 468 39 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 469 1 Many many JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 469 2 more more JJR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 469 3 infection infection NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 469 4 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 469 5 resistant resistant JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 469 6 crops crop NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 469 7 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 469 8 expected expect VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 469 9 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 469 10 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 469 11 near near JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 469 12 future future NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 469 13 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 469 14 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 469 15 scientists scientist NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 469 16 find find VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 469 17 more more JJR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 469 18 plant plant NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 469 19 genes gene NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 469 20 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 469 21 nature nature NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 469 22 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 469 23 make make VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 469 24 plants plant NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 469 25 resistant resistant JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 469 26 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 469 27 pests pest NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 469 28 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 470 1 Plant plant NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 470 2 genes gene NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 470 3 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 470 4 however however RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 470 5 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 470 6 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 470 7 just just RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 470 8 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 470 9 portion portion NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 470 10 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 470 11 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 470 12 arsenal arsenal NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 470 13 ; ; : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 470 14 microorganisms microorganism NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 470 15 other other JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 470 16 than than IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 470 17 Bt Bt NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 470 18 also also RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 470 19 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 470 20 being be VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 470 21 mined mine VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 470 22 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 470 23 genes gene NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 470 24 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 470 25 could could MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 470 26 help help VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 470 27 plants plant NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 470 28 fend fend VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 470 29 off off RP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 470 30 invaders invader NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 470 31 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 470 32 cause cause VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 470 33 crop crop NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 470 34 damage damage NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 470 35 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 471 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 471 2 major major JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 471 3 milestone milestone NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 471 4 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 471 5 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 471 6 decade decade NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 471 7 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 471 8 crop crop NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 471 9 biotechnology biotechnology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 471 10 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 471 11 approval approval NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 471 12 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 471 13 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 471 14 first first JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 471 15 bioengineered bioengineered JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 471 16 crop crop NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 471 17 plant plant NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 471 18 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 471 19 1994 1994 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 471 20 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 472 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 472 2 represented represent VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 472 3 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 472 4 double double JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 472 5 first first JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 472 6 not not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 472 7 just just RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 472 8 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 472 9 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 472 10 first first JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 472 11 approved approve VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 472 12 food food NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 472 13 crop crop NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 472 14 but but CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 472 15 also also RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 472 16 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 472 17 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 472 18 first first JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 472 19 commercial commercial JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 472 20 validation validation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 472 21 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 472 22 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 472 23 technology technology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 472 24 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 472 25 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 472 26 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 472 27 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 472 28 surpassed surpass VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 472 29 later later RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 472 30 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 472 31 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 472 32 decade decade NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 472 33 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 473 1 That that DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 473 2 technology technology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 473 3 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 473 4 antisense antisense NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 473 5 technology technology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 473 6 works work VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 473 7 because because IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 473 8 nucleic nucleic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 473 9 acids acid NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 473 10 have have VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 473 11 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 473 12 natural natural JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 473 13 affinity affinity NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 473 14 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 473 15 each each DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 473 16 other other JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 473 17 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 474 1 When when WRB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 474 2 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 474 3 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 474 4 coding code VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 474 5 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 474 6 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 474 7 target target NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 474 8 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 474 9 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 474 10 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 474 11 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 474 12 introduced introduce VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 474 13 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 474 14 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 474 15 opposite opposite JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 474 16 orientation orientation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 474 17 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 474 18 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 474 19 reverse reverse JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 474 20 RNA RNA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 474 21 strand strand NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 474 22 anneals anneal NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 474 23 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 474 24 effectively effectively RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 474 25 blocks block VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 474 26 expression expression NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 474 27 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 474 28 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 474 29 enzyme enzyme NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 474 30 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 475 1 This this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 475 2 technology technology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 475 3 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 475 4 patented patent VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 475 5 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 475 6 Calgene Calgene NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 475 7 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 475 8 plant plant NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 475 9 applications application NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 475 10 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 475 11 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 475 12 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 475 13 technology technology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 475 14 behind behind IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 475 15 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 475 16 famous famous JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 475 17 FLAVR FLAVR NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 475 18 SAVR SAVR NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 475 19 tomatoes tomato NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 475 20 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 476 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 476 2 first first JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 476 3 success success NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 476 4 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 476 5 antisense antisense NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 476 6 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 476 7 medicine medicine NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 476 8 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 476 9 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 476 10 1998 1998 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 476 11 when when WRB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 476 12 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 476 13 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 476 14 Food Food NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 476 15 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 476 16 Drug Drug NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 476 17 Administration Administration NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 476 18 gave give VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 476 19 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 476 20 go go NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 476 21 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 476 22 ahead ahead NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 476 23 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 476 24 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 476 25 cytomegalovirus cytomegalovirus NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 476 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 476 27 CMV CMV NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 476 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 476 29 inhibitor inhibitor NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 476 30 fomivirsen fomivirsen NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 476 31 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 476 32 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 476 33 phosphorothionate phosphorothionate NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 476 34 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 476 35 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 476 36 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 476 37 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 476 38 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 476 39 related relate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 476 40 condition condition NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 476 41 CMV CMV NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 476 42 retinitis retinitis NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 476 43 making make VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 476 44 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 476 45 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 476 46 first first JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 476 47 drug drug NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 476 48 belonging belong VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 476 49 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 476 50 Isis Isis NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 476 51 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 476 52 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 476 53 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 476 54 first first JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 476 55 antisense antisense NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 476 56 drug drug NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 476 57 ever ever RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 476 58 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 476 59 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 476 60 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 476 61 approved approve VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 476 62 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 477 1 Another another DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 477 2 technology technology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 477 3 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 477 4 although although IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 477 5 not not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 477 6 apparent apparent JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 477 7 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 477 8 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 477 9 time time NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 477 10 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 477 11 behind behind IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 477 12 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 477 13 second second JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 477 14 approval approval NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 477 15 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 477 16 also also RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 477 17 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 477 18 first first JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 477 19 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 477 20 only only RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 477 21 successful successful JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 477 22 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 477 23 date date NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 477 24 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 477 25 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 477 26 commercial commercial JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 477 27 tree tree NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 477 28 fruit fruit NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 477 29 biotech biotech NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 477 30 application application NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 477 31 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 478 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 478 2 former former JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 478 3 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 478 4 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 478 5 virus virus NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 478 6 resistant resistant JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 478 7 squash squash NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 478 8 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 478 9 second second JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 478 10 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 478 11 papaya papaya NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 478 12 ringspot ringspot NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 478 13 resistant resistant JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 478 14 papaya papaya NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 478 15 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 479 1 Both both DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 479 2 owed owe VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 479 3 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 479 4 existence existence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 479 5 as as RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 479 6 much much JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 479 7 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 479 8 historic historic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 479 9 experience experience NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 479 10 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 479 11 modern modern JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 479 12 technology technology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 479 13 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 480 1 Genetically genetically RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 480 2 engineered engineer VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 480 3 virus virus NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 480 4 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 480 5 resistant resistant JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 480 6 strains strain NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 480 7 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 480 8 squash squash NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 480 9 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 480 10 cantaloupe cantaloupe NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 480 11 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 480 12 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 480 13 example example NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 480 14 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 480 15 would would MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 480 16 never never RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 480 17 have have VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 480 18 made make VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 480 19 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 480 20 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 480 21 farmers farmer NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 480 22 ' ' POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 480 23 fields field NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 480 24 if if IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 480 25 plant plant NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 480 26 breeders breeder NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 480 27 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 480 28 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 480 29 1930 1930 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 480 30 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 480 31 had have VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 480 32 not not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 480 33 noticed notice VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 480 34 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 480 35 plants plant NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 480 36 infected infect VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 480 37 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 480 38 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 480 39 mild mild JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 480 40 strain strain NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 480 41 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 480 42 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 480 43 virus virus NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 480 44 do do VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 480 45 not not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 480 46 succumb succumb VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 480 47 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 480 48 more more RBR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 480 49 destructive destructive JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 480 50 strains strain NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 480 51 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 480 52 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 480 53 same same JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 480 54 virus virus NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 480 55 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 481 1 That that DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 481 2 finding finding NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 481 3 led lead VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 481 4 plant plant NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 481 5 pathologist pathologist NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 481 6 Roger Roger NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 481 7 Beachy Beachy NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 481 8 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 481 9 then then RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 481 10 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 481 11 Washington Washington NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 481 12 University University NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 481 13 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 481 14 Saint Saint NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 481 15 Louis Louis NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 481 16 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 481 17 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 481 18 wonder wonder VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 481 19 exactly exactly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 481 20 how how WRB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 481 21 such such JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 481 22 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 481 23 cross cross NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 481 24 - - NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 481 25 protection protection JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 481 26 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 481 27 worked work VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 481 28 -did -did CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 481 29 part part NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 481 30 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 481 31 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 481 32 virus virus NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 481 33 prompt prompt VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 481 34 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 481 35 ? ? . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 482 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 482 2 collaboration collaboration NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 482 3 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 482 4 researchers researcher NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 482 5 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 482 6 Monsanto Monsanto NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 482 7 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 482 8 Beachy Beachy NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 482 9 used use VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 482 10 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 482 11 A. a. NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 482 12 tumefaciens tumefaciens NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 482 13 vector vector NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 482 14 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 482 15 insert insert VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 482 16 into into IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 482 17 tomato tomato NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 482 18 plants plant NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 482 19 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 482 20 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 482 21 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 482 22 produces produce VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 482 23 one one CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 482 24 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 482 25 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 482 26 proteins protein NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 482 27 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 482 28 makes make VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 482 29 up up RP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 482 30 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 482 31 protein protein NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 482 32 coat coat NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 482 33 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 482 34 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 482 35 tobacco tobacco NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 482 36 mosaic mosaic NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 482 37 virus virus NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 482 38 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 483 1 He -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 483 2 then then RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 483 3 inoculated inoculate VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 483 4 these these DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 483 5 plants plant NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 483 6 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 483 7 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 483 8 virus virus NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 483 9 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 483 10 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 483 11 pleased pleased JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 483 12 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 483 13 discover discover VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 483 14 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 483 15 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 483 16 reported report VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 483 17 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 483 18 1986 1986 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 483 19 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 483 20 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 483 21 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 483 22 vast vast JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 483 23 majority majority NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 483 24 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 483 25 plants plant NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 483 26 did do VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 483 27 not not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 483 28 succumb succumb VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 483 29 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 483 30 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 483 31 virus virus NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 483 32 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 484 1 Eight eight CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 484 2 years year NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 484 3 later later RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 484 4 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 484 5 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 484 6 1994 1994 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 484 7 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 484 8 virus virus NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 484 9 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 484 10 resistant resistant JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 484 11 squash squash NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 484 12 seeds seed NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 484 13 created create VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 484 14 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 484 15 Beachy Beachy NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 484 16 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 484 17 method method NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 484 18 reached reach VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 484 19 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 484 20 market market NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 484 21 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 484 22 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 484 23 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 484 24 followed follow VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 484 25 soon soon RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 484 26 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 484 27 bioengineered bioengineere VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 484 28 virus virus NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 484 29 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 484 30 resistant resistant JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 484 31 seeds seed NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 484 32 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 484 33 cantaloupes cantaloupe NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 484 34 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 484 35 potatoes potato NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 484 36 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 484 37 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 484 38 papayas papayas NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 484 39 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 485 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 485 2 Breeders breeder NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 485 3 had have VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 485 4 already already RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 485 5 created create VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 485 6 virusresistant virusresistant JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 485 7 tomato tomato NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 485 8 seeds seed NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 485 9 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 485 10 using use VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 485 11 traditional traditional JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 485 12 techniques technique NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 485 13 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 485 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 486 1 And and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 486 2 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 486 3 method method NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 486 4 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 486 5 protection protection NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 486 6 still still RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 486 7 remained remain VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 486 8 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 486 9 mystery mystery NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 486 10 when when WRB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 486 11 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 486 12 first first JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 486 13 approvals approval NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 486 14 were be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 486 15 given give VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 486 16 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 486 17 1994 1994 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 486 18 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 486 19 1996 1996 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 486 20 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 487 1 Gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 487 2 silencing silencing NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 487 3 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 487 4 perceived perceive VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 487 5 initially initially RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 487 6 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 487 7 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 487 8 unpredictable unpredictable JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 487 9 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 487 10 inconvenient inconvenient JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 487 11 side side NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 487 12 effect effect NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 487 13 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 487 14 introducing introduce VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 487 15 transgenes transgene NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 487 16 into into IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 487 17 plants plant NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 487 18 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 488 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 488 2 now now RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 488 3 seems seem VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 488 4 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 488 5 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 488 6 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 488 7 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 488 8 consequence consequence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 488 9 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 488 10 accidentally accidentally RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 488 11 triggering trigger VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 488 12 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 488 13 plant plant NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 488 14 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 488 15 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 488 16 defense defense NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 488 17 mechanism mechanism NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 488 18 against against IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 488 19 viruses virus NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 488 20 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 488 21 transposable transposable JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 488 22 elements element NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 488 23 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 489 1 This this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 489 2 recently recently RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 489 3 discovered discover VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 489 4 mechanism mechanism NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 489 5 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 489 6 although although IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 489 7 mechanistically mechanistically RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 489 8 different different JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 489 9 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 489 10 has have VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 489 11 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 489 12 number number NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 489 13 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 489 14 parallels parallel NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 489 15 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 489 16 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 489 17 immune immune JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 489 18 system system NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 489 19 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 489 20 mammals mammal NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 489 21 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 490 1 How how WRB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 490 2 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 490 3 system system NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 490 4 worked work VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 490 5 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 490 6 not not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 490 7 elucidated elucidate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 490 8 until until IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 490 9 later later RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 490 10 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 490 11 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 490 12 decade decade NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 490 13 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 490 14 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 490 15 researcher researcher NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 490 16 who who WP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 490 17 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 490 18 seeking seek VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 490 19 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 490 20 very very RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 490 21 different different JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 490 22 holy holy NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 490 23 grail grail NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 490 24 -the -the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 490 25 black black NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 490 26 rose rise VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 490 27 ! ! . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 491 1 Rick Rick NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 491 2 Jorgensen Jorgensen NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 491 3 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 491 4 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 491 5 that that DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 491 6 time time NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 491 7 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 491 8 DNA DNA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 491 9 Plant Plant NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 491 10 Technologies Technologies NNPS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 491 11 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 491 12 Oakland Oakland NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 491 13 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 491 14 CA CA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 491 15 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 491 16 subsequently subsequently RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 491 17 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 491 18 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 491 19 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 491 20 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 491 21 University University NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 491 22 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 491 23 California California NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 491 24 Davis Davis NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 491 25 attempted attempt VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 491 26 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 491 27 overexpress overexpress VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 491 28 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 491 29 chalcone chalcone NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 491 30 synthase synthase NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 491 31 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 491 32 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 491 33 introducing introduce VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 491 34 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 491 35 modified modify VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 491 36 copy copy NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 491 37 under under IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 491 38 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 491 39 strong strong JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 491 40 promoter promoter NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 491 41 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 492 1 Surprisingly surprisingly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 492 2 he -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 492 3 obtained obtain VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 492 4 white white JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 492 5 flowers flower NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 492 6 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 492 7 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 492 8 many many JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 492 9 strange strange JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 492 10 variegated variegated JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 492 11 purple purple NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 492 12 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 492 13 white white JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 492 14 variations variation NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 492 15 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 492 16 between between IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 492 17 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 493 1 This this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 493 2 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 493 3 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 493 4 first first JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 493 5 demonstration demonstration NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 493 6 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 493 7 what what WP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 493 8 has have VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 493 9 come come VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 493 10 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 493 11 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 493 12 known know VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 493 13 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 493 14 post post JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 493 15 - - JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 493 16 transcriptional transcriptional JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 493 17 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 493 18 silencing silencing NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 493 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 493 20 PTGS PTGS NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 493 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 493 22 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 494 1 While while IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 494 2 initially initially RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 494 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 494 4 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 494 5 considered consider VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 494 6 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 494 7 strange strange JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 494 8 phenomenon phenomenon NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 494 9 limited limit VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 494 10 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 494 11 petunias petunia NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 494 12 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 494 13 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 494 14 few few JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 494 15 other other JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 494 16 plant plant NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 494 17 species specie NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 494 18 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 494 19 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 494 20 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 494 21 now now RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 494 22 one one CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 494 23 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 494 24 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 494 25 hottest hot JJS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 494 26 topics topic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 494 27 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 494 28 molecular molecular JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 494 29 biology biology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 494 30 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 495 1 RNA RNA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 495 2 interference interference NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 495 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 495 4 RNAi RNAi NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 495 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 495 6 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 495 7 animals animal NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 495 8 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 495 9 basal basal NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 495 10 eukaryotes eukaryote NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 495 11 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 495 12 quelling quell VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 495 13 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 495 14 fungi fungus NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 495 15 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 495 16 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 495 17 PTGS ptg NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 495 18 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 495 19 plants plant NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 495 20 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 495 21 examples example NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 495 22 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 495 23 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 495 24 broad broad JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 495 25 family family NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 495 26 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 495 27 phenomena phenomenon NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 495 28 collectively collectively RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 495 29 called call VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 495 30 RNA RNA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 495 31 silencing silence VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 495 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 495 33 Hannon Hannon NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 495 34 2002 2002 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 495 35 ; ; : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 495 36 Plasterk Plasterk NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 495 37 2002 2002 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 495 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 495 39 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 496 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 496 2 addition addition NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 496 3 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 496 4 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 496 5 occurrence occurrence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 496 6 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 496 7 these these DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 496 8 species specie NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 496 9 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 496 10 has have VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 496 11 roles role NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 496 12 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 496 13 viral viral JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 496 14 defense defense NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 496 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 496 16 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 496 17 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 496 18 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 496 19 Beachy Beachy NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 496 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 496 21 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 496 22 transposon transposon NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 496 23 silencing silencing NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 496 24 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 496 25 among among IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 496 26 other other JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 496 27 things thing NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 496 28 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 497 1 Perhaps perhaps RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 497 2 most most RBS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 497 3 exciting exciting JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 497 4 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 497 5 however however RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 497 6 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 497 7 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 497 8 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 497 9 emerging emerge VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 497 10 use use NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 497 11 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 497 12 PTGS ptg NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 497 13 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 497 14 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 497 15 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 497 16 particular particular JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 497 17 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 497 18 RNAi RNAi NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 497 19 -PTGS -ptg VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 497 20 initiated initiate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 497 21 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 497 22 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 497 23 introduction introduction NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 497 24 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 497 25 double double RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 497 26 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 497 27 stranded strand VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 497 28 RNA RNA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 497 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 497 30 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 497 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 498 1 -as -as NFP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 499 1 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 499 2 tool tool NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 499 3 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 499 4 knock knock VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 499 5 out out RP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 499 6 expression expression NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 499 7 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 499 8 specific specific JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 499 9 genes gene NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 499 10 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 499 11 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 499 12 variety variety NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 499 13 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 499 14 organisms organism NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 499 15 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 500 1 Nineteen nineteen CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 500 2 ninety ninety CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 500 3 one one CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 500 4 also also RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 500 5 heralded herald VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 500 6 yet yet RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 500 7 another another DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 500 8 first first JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 500 9 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 501 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 501 2 February February NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 501 3 1 1 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 501 4 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 501 5 1991 1991 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 501 6 issue issue NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 501 7 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 501 8 Science Science NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 501 9 reported report VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 501 10 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 501 11 patenting patenting NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 501 12 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 501 13 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 501 14 molecular molecular JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 501 15 scissors scissor NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 501 16 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 501 17 : : : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 501 18 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 501 19 Nobel Nobel NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 501 20 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 501 21 prize prize NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 501 22 winning winning NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 501 23 discovery discovery NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 501 24 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 501 25 enzymatic enzymatic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 501 26 RNA RNA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 501 27 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 501 28 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 501 29 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 501 30 ribozymes ribozyme NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 501 31 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 501 32 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 501 33 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 501 34 Thomas Thomas NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 501 35 Czech Czech NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 501 36 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 501 37 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 501 38 University University NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 501 39 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 501 40 Colorado Colorado NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 501 41 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 502 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 502 2 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 502 3 noted note VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 502 4 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 502 5 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 502 6 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 502 7 Patent Patent NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 502 8 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 502 9 Trademark Trademark NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 502 10 Office Office NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 502 11 had have VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 502 12 awarded award VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 502 13 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 502 14 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 502 15 unusually unusually RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 502 16 broad broad JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 502 17 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 502 18 patent patent NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 502 19 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 502 20 ribozymes ribozyme NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 502 21 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 503 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 503 2 patent patent NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 503 3 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 1 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 2 Patent Patent NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 3 No No NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 4 . . NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 5 4,987,071 4,987,071 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 6 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 7 claim claim NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 8 1 1 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 9 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 10 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 11 reads read VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 12 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 13 follows follow VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 14 : : : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 15 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 16 An an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 17 enzymatic enzymatic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 18 RNA RNA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 19 molecule molecule NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 20 not not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 21 naturally naturally RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 22 occurring occur VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 23 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 24 nature nature NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 25 having have VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 26 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 27 endonuclease endonuclease NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 28 activity activity NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 29 independent independent JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 30 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 31 any any DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 32 protein protein NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 33 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 34 said say VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 35 endonuclease endonuclease NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 36 activity activity NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 37 being be VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 38 specific specific JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 39 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 40 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 41 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 42 sequence sequence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 43 defining define VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 44 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 45 cleavage cleavage NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 46 site site NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 47 comprising comprise VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 48 single single RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 49 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 50 stranded strand VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 51 RNA RNA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 52 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 53 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 54 separate separate JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 55 RNA rna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 56 molecule molecule NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 57 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 58 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 59 causing cause VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 60 cleavage cleavage NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 61 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 62 said say VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 63 cleavage cleavage NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 64 site site NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 65 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 66 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 67 transesterification transesterification NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 68 reaction reaction NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 69 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 504 70 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 505 1 Although although IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 505 2 enzymes enzyme NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 505 3 made make VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 505 4 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 505 5 protein protein NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 505 6 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 505 7 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 505 8 dominant dominant JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 505 9 form form NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 505 10 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 505 11 biocatalyst biocatalyst NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 505 12 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 505 13 modern modern JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 505 14 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 505 15 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 505 16 there there EX cord-016293-pyb00pt5 505 17 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 505 18 at at RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 505 19 least least RBS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 505 20 eight eight CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 505 21 natural natural JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 505 22 RNA RNA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 505 23 enzymes enzyme NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 505 24 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 505 25 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 505 26 ribozymes ribozyme NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 505 27 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 505 28 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 505 29 catalyze catalyze VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 505 30 fundamental fundamental JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 505 31 biological biological JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 505 32 processes process NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 505 33 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 506 1 One one CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 506 2 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 506 3 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 506 4 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 506 5 yet yet RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 506 6 another another DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 506 7 discovery discovery NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 506 8 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 506 9 plant plant NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 506 10 virologists virologist NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 506 11 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 506 12 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 506 13 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 506 14 instance instance NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 506 15 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 506 16 hairpin hairpin NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 506 17 ribozyme ribozyme NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 506 18 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 506 19 discovered discover VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 506 20 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 506 21 George George NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 506 22 Bruening Bruening NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 506 23 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 506 24 UC UC NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 506 25 Davis Davis NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 506 26 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 507 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 507 2 self self NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 507 3 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 507 4 cleavage cleavage NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 507 5 structure structure NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 507 6 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 507 7 originally originally RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 507 8 called call VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 507 9 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 507 10 paperclip paperclip NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 507 11 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 507 12 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 507 13 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 507 14 Bruening Bruening NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 507 15 laboratory laboratory NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 507 16 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 507 17 discovered discover VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 507 18 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 507 19 reactions reaction NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 507 20 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 508 1 As as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 508 2 mentioned mention VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 508 3 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 508 4 chapter chapter NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 508 5 3 3 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 508 6 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 508 7 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 508 8 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 508 9 believed believe VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 508 10 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 508 11 these these DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 508 12 ribozymes ribozyme NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 508 13 might may MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 508 14 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 508 15 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 508 16 remnants remnant NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 508 17 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 508 18 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 508 19 ancient ancient JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 508 20 form form NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 508 21 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 508 22 life life NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 508 23 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 508 24 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 508 25 guided guide VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 508 26 entirely entirely RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 508 27 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 508 28 RNA RNA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 508 29 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 509 1 Since since IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 509 2 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 509 3 ribozyme ribozyme NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 509 4 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 509 5 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 509 6 catalytic catalytic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 509 7 RNA RNA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 509 8 molecule molecule NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 509 9 capable capable JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 509 10 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 509 11 cleaving cleave VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 509 12 itself -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 509 13 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 510 1 other other JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 510 2 target target NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 510 3 RNAs rna NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 511 1 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 511 2 therefore therefore RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 511 3 can can MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 511 4 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 511 5 useful useful JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 511 6 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 511 7 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 511 8 control control NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 511 9 system system NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 511 10 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 511 11 turning turn VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 511 12 off off RP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 511 13 genes gene NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 511 14 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 511 15 targeting target VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 511 16 viruses virus NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 511 17 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 512 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 512 2 possibility possibility NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 512 3 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 512 4 designing design VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 512 5 ribozymes ribozyme NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 512 6 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 512 7 cleave cleave VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 512 8 any any DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 512 9 specific specific JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 512 10 target target NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 512 11 RNA RNA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 512 12 has have VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 512 13 rendered render VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 512 14 them -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 512 15 valuable valuable JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 512 16 tools tool NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 512 17 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 512 18 both both CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 512 19 basic basic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 512 20 research research NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 512 21 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 512 22 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 512 23 applications application NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 512 24 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 513 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 513 2 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 513 3 therapeutics therapeutic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 513 4 area area NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 513 5 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 513 6 they -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 513 7 have have VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 513 8 been be VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 513 9 exploited exploit VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 513 10 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 513 11 target target VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 513 12 viral viral JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 513 13 RNAs rna NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 513 14 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 513 15 infectious infectious JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 513 16 diseases disease NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 513 17 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 513 18 dominant dominant JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 513 19 oncogenes oncogene NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 513 20 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 513 21 cancers cancer NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 513 22 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 513 23 specific specific JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 513 24 somatic somatic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 513 25 mutations mutation NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 513 26 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 513 27 genetic genetic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 513 28 disorders disorder NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 513 29 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 514 1 Most most RBS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 514 2 notably notably RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 514 3 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 514 4 several several JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 514 5 ribozyme ribozyme NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 514 6 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 514 7 therapy therapy NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 514 8 protocols protocol NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 514 9 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 514 10 HIV HIV NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 514 11 patients patient NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 514 12 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 514 13 already already RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 514 14 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 514 15 Phase phase NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 514 16 1 1 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 514 17 trials trial NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 514 18 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 515 1 More more RBR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 515 2 recently recently RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 515 3 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 515 4 ribozymes ribozyme NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 515 5 have have VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 515 6 been be VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 515 7 used use VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 515 8 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 515 9 transgenic transgenic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 515 10 animal animal NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 515 11 research research NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 515 12 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 515 13 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 515 14 target target NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 515 15 validation validation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 515 16 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 515 17 pathway pathway NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 515 18 elucidation elucidation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 515 19 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 516 1 However however RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 516 2 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 516 3 targeting target VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 516 4 ribozymes ribozyme NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 516 5 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 516 6 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 516 7 cellular cellular JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 516 8 compartment compartment NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 516 9 containing contain VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 516 10 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 516 11 target target NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 516 12 RNAs rna NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 516 13 has have VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 516 14 proved prove VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 516 15 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 516 16 challenge challenge NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 516 17 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 517 1 At at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 517 2 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 517 3 other other JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 517 4 bookend bookend NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 517 5 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 517 6 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 517 7 decade decade NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 517 8 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 517 9 2000 2000 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 517 10 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 517 11 Samarsky Samarsky NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 517 12 et et NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 517 13 al al NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 517 14 . . NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 517 15 reported report VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 517 16 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 517 17 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 517 18 family family NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 517 19 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 517 20 small small JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 517 21 RNAs rna NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 517 22 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 517 23 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 517 24 nucleolus nucleolus NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 517 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 517 26 snoRNAs snornas NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 517 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 517 28 can can MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 517 29 readily readily RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 517 30 transport transport VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 517 31 ribozymes ribozyme NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 517 32 into into IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 517 33 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 517 34 subcellular subcellular JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 517 35 organelle organelle NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 517 36 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 518 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 518 2 addition addition NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 518 3 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 518 4 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 518 5 already already RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 518 6 extensive extensive JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 518 7 panoply panoply NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 518 8 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 518 9 RNA RNA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 518 10 entities entity NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 518 11 yet yet RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 518 12 another another DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 518 13 has have VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 518 14 potential potential NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 518 15 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 518 16 mischief mischief NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 518 17 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 519 1 Viroids Viroids NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 519 2 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 519 3 small small JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 519 4 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 519 5 single single JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 519 6 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 519 7 stranded stranded JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 519 8 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 519 9 circular circular JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 519 10 RNAs rna NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 519 11 containing contain VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 519 12 246 246 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 519 13 - - SYM cord-016293-pyb00pt5 519 14 463 463 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 519 15 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 519 16 arranged arrange VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 519 17 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 519 18 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 519 19 rod rod NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 519 20 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 519 21 like like JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 519 22 secondary secondary JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 519 23 structure structure NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 519 24 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 519 25 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 519 26 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 519 27 smallest small JJS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 519 28 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 519 29 agents agent NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 519 30 yet yet RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 519 31 described describe VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 519 32 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 520 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 520 2 smallest small JJS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 520 3 viroid viroid NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 520 4 characterized characterize VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 520 5 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 520 6 date date NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 520 7 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 520 8 rice rice NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 520 9 yellow yellow JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 520 10 mottle mottle NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 520 11 sobemovirus sobemovirus NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 520 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 520 13 RYMV RYMV NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 520 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 520 15 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 520 16 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 520 17 220 220 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 520 18 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 520 19 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 521 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 521 2 comparison comparison NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 521 3 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 521 4 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 521 5 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 521 6 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 521 7 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 521 8 smallest small JJS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 521 9 known know VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 521 10 viruses virus NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 521 11 capable capable JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 521 12 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 521 13 causing cause VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 521 14 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 521 15 infection infection NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 521 16 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 521 17 themselves -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 521 18 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 521 19 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 521 20 single single RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 521 21 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 521 22 stranded strand VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 521 23 circular circular JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 521 24 DNA dna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 521 25 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 521 26 circoviruses circoviruse NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 521 27 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 521 28 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 521 29 around around RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 521 30 2 2 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 521 31 kilobases kilobase NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 521 32 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 521 33 size size NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 521 34 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 522 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 522 2 first first JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 522 3 viroid viroid NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 522 4 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 522 5 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 522 6 identified identify VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 522 7 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 522 8 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 522 9 Potato Potato NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 522 10 spindle spindle NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 522 11 tuber tuber NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 522 12 viroid viroid NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 522 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 522 14 PSTVd PSTVd NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 522 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 522 16 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 523 1 Some some DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 523 2 33 33 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 523 3 species specie NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 523 4 have have VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 523 5 been be VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 523 6 identified identify VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 523 7 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 523 8 date date NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 523 9 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 524 1 Unlike unlike IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 524 2 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 524 3 many many JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 524 4 satellite satellite NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 524 5 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 524 6 defective defective JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 524 7 interfering interfere VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 524 8 RNAs rna NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 524 9 associated associate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 524 10 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 524 11 plant plant NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 524 12 viruses virus NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 524 13 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 524 14 viroids viroid NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 524 15 replicate replicate VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 524 16 autonomously autonomously RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 524 17 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 524 18 inoculation inoculation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 524 19 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 524 20 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 524 21 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 524 22 host host NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 524 23 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 525 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 525 2 absence absence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 525 3 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 525 4 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 525 5 protein protein NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 525 6 capsid capsid NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 525 7 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 525 8 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 525 9 detectable detectable JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 525 10 messenger messenger NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 525 11 RNA RNA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 525 12 activity activity NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 525 13 implies imply VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 525 14 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 525 15 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 525 16 information information NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 525 17 necessary necessary JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 525 18 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 525 19 replication replication NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 525 20 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 525 21 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 525 22 resides reside VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 525 23 within within IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 525 24 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 525 25 unusual unusual JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 525 26 structure structure NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 525 27 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 525 28 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 525 29 viroid viroid NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 525 30 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 525 31 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 526 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 526 2 replication replication NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 526 3 mechanism mechanism NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 526 4 actually actually RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 526 5 involves involve VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 526 6 interaction interaction NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 526 7 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 526 8 RNA RNA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 526 9 polymerase polymerase NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 526 10 II II NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 526 11 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 526 12 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 526 13 enzyme enzyme NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 526 14 normally normally RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 526 15 associated associate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 526 16 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 526 17 synthesis synthesis NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 526 18 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 526 19 messenger messenger NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 526 20 RNA RNA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 526 21 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 526 22 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 526 23 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 526 24 rolling rolling JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 526 25 circle circle NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 526 26 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 526 27 synthesis synthesis NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 526 28 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 526 29 new new NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 526 30 RNA RNA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 526 31 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 527 1 Some some DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 527 2 viroids viroid NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 527 3 have have VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 527 4 ribozyme ribozyme NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 527 5 activity activity NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 527 6 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 527 7 allow allow VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 527 8 self self NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 527 9 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 527 10 cleavage cleavage NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 527 11 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 527 12 ligation ligation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 527 13 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 527 14 unit unit NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 527 15 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 527 16 size size NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 527 17 genomes genome NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 527 18 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 527 19 larger large JJR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 527 20 replication replication NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 527 21 intermediates intermediate NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 527 22 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 528 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 528 2 has have VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 528 3 been be VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 528 4 proposed propose VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 528 5 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 528 6 viroids viroid NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 528 7 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 528 8 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 528 9 escaped escape VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 528 10 introns intron NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 528 11 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 528 12 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 529 1 Viroids Viroids NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 529 2 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 529 3 usually usually RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 529 4 transmitted transmit VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 529 5 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 529 6 seed seed NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 529 7 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 529 8 pollen pollen NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 529 9 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 530 1 Infected infected JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 530 2 plants plant NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 530 3 can can MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 530 4 show show VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 530 5 distorted distorted JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 530 6 growth growth NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 530 7 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 531 1 From from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 531 2 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 531 3 earliest early JJS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 531 4 years year NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 531 5 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 531 6 biotechnology biotechnology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 531 7 attracted attract VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 531 8 interest interest NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 531 9 outside outside IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 531 10 scientific scientific JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 531 11 circles circle NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 531 12 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 532 1 Initially initially RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 532 2 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 532 3 main main JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 532 4 focus focus NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 532 5 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 532 6 public public JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 532 7 interest interest NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 532 8 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 532 9 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 532 10 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 532 11 safety safety NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 532 12 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 532 13 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 532 14 DNA dna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 532 15 technology technology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 532 16 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 532 17 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 532 18 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 532 19 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 532 20 possible possible JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 532 21 risks risk NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 532 22 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 532 23 creating create VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 532 24 uncontrollable uncontrollable JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 532 25 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 532 26 harmful harmful JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 532 27 novel novel JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 532 28 organisms organism NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 532 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 532 30 Berg Berg NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 532 31 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 532 32 1975 1975 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 532 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 532 34 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 533 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 533 2 debate debate NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 533 3 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 533 4 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 533 5 deliberate deliberate JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 533 6 release release NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 533 7 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 533 8 genetically genetically RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 533 9 modified modify VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 533 10 organisms organism NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 533 11 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 533 12 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 533 13 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 533 14 consumer consumer NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 533 15 products product NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 533 16 containing contain VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 533 17 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 533 18 comprising comprise VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 533 19 them -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 533 20 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 533 21 followed follow VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 533 22 some some DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 533 23 years year NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 533 24 later later RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 533 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 533 26 NAS NAS NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 533 27 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 533 28 1987 1987 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 533 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 533 30 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 534 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 534 2 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 534 3 interesting interesting JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 534 4 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 534 5 note note VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 534 6 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 534 7 within within IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 534 8 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 534 9 broad broad JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 534 10 ethical ethical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 534 11 tableau tableau NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 534 12 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 534 13 potential potential JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 534 14 issues issue NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 534 15 within within IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 534 16 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 534 17 science science NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 534 18 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 534 19 products product NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 534 20 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 534 21 biotechnology biotechnology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 534 22 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 534 23 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 534 24 seemingly seemingly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 534 25 innocuous innocuous JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 534 26 field field NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 534 27 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 534 28 plant plant NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 534 29 modification modification NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 534 30 has have VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 534 31 been be VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 534 32 one one CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 534 33 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 534 34 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 534 35 major major JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 534 36 players player NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 534 37 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 534 38 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 534 39 1990 1990 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 534 40 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 534 41 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 535 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 535 2 success success NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 535 3 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 535 4 agricultural agricultural JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 535 5 biotechnology biotechnology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 535 6 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 535 7 heavily heavily RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 535 8 dependent dependent JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 535 9 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 535 10 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 535 11 acceptance acceptance NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 535 12 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 535 13 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 535 14 public public NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 535 15 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 535 16 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 535 17 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 535 18 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 535 19 framework framework NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 535 20 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 535 21 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 535 22 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 535 23 industry industry NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 535 24 operates operate VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 535 25 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 535 26 also also RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 535 27 influenced influence VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 535 28 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 535 29 public public JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 535 30 opinion opinion NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 535 31 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 536 1 As as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 536 2 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 536 3 focus focus NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 536 4 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 536 5 molecular molecular JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 536 6 biology biology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 536 7 research research NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 536 8 shifted shift VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 536 9 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 536 10 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 536 11 basic basic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 536 12 pursuit pursuit NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 536 13 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 536 14 knowledge knowledge NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 536 15 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 536 16 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 536 17 pursuit pursuit NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 536 18 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 536 19 lucrative lucrative JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 536 20 applications application NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 536 21 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 536 22 once once RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 536 23 again again RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 536 24 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 536 25 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 536 26 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 536 27 previous previous JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 536 28 two two CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 536 29 decades decade NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 536 30 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 536 31 specter specter NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 536 32 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 536 33 risk risk NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 536 34 arose arise VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 536 35 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 536 36 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 536 37 potential potential NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 536 38 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 536 39 new new JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 536 40 products product NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 536 41 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 536 42 applications application NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 536 43 had have VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 536 44 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 536 45 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 536 46 evaluated evaluate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 536 47 outside outside IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 536 48 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 536 49 confines confine NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 536 50 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 536 51 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 536 52 laboratory laboratory NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 536 53 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 537 1 However however RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 537 2 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 537 3 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 537 4 specter specter NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 537 5 now now RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 537 6 became become VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 537 7 far far RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 537 8 more more RBR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 537 9 global global JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 537 10 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 537 11 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 537 12 implications implication NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 537 13 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 537 14 commercial commercial JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 537 15 applications application NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 537 16 brought bring VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 537 17 not not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 537 18 just just RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 537 19 worker worker NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 537 20 safety safety NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 537 21 into into IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 537 22 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 537 23 loop loop NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 537 24 but but CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 537 25 also also RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 537 26 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 537 27 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 537 28 environment environment NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 537 29 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 537 30 agricultural agricultural JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 537 31 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 537 32 industrial industrial JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 537 33 products product NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 537 34 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 537 35 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 537 36 safety safety NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 537 37 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 537 38 well well RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 537 39 being be VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 537 40 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 537 41 all all DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 537 42 living live VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 537 43 things thing NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 537 44 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 538 1 Beyond beyond IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 538 2 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 538 3 deliberate deliberate JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 538 4 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 538 5 release release NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 538 6 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 538 7 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 538 8 RAC RAC NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 538 9 guidelines guideline NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 538 10 were be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 538 11 not not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 538 12 designed design VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 538 13 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 538 14 address address VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 538 15 these these DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 538 16 issues issue NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 538 17 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 538 18 so so CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 538 19 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 538 20 matter matter NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 538 21 moved move VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 538 22 into into IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 538 23 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 538 24 realm realm NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 538 25 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 538 26 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 538 27 federal federal JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 538 28 agencies agency NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 538 29 who who WP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 538 30 had have VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 538 31 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 538 32 authority authority NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 538 33 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 538 34 could could MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 538 35 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 538 36 interpreted interpret VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 538 37 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 538 38 oversee oversee VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 538 39 biotechnology biotechnology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 538 40 issues issue NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 538 41 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 539 1 This this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 539 2 adaptation adaptation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 539 3 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 539 4 oversight oversight NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 539 5 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 539 6 very very RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 539 7 much much RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 539 8 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 539 9 dynamic dynamic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 539 10 process process NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 539 11 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 539 12 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 539 13 various various JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 539 14 agencies agency NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 539 15 wrestle wrestle VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 539 16 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 539 17 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 539 18 task task NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 539 19 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 539 20 applying apply VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 539 21 existing exist VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 539 22 regulations regulation NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 539 23 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 539 24 developing develop VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 539 25 new new JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 539 26 ones one NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 539 27 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 539 28 oversight oversight NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 539 29 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 539 30 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 539 31 technology technology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 539 32 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 539 33 transition transition NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 539 34 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 540 1 As as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 540 2 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 540 3 decade decade NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 540 4 progressed progress VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 540 5 focus focus NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 540 6 shifted shift VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 540 7 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 540 8 basic basic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 540 9 biotic biotic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 540 10 stress stress NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 540 11 resistance resistance NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 540 12 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 540 13 more more JJR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 540 14 complex complex JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 540 15 modifications modification NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 540 16 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 540 17 next next JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 540 18 generation generation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 540 19 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 540 20 plants plant NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 540 21 will will MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 540 22 focus focus VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 540 23 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 540 24 value value NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 540 25 added add VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 540 26 traits trait NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 540 27 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 540 28 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 540 29 valuable valuable JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 540 30 genes gene NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 540 31 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 540 32 metabolites metabolite NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 540 33 will will MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 540 34 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 540 35 identified identify VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 540 36 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 540 37 isolated isolate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 540 38 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 540 39 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 540 40 some some DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 540 41 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 540 42 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 540 43 later later JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 540 44 compounds compound NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 540 45 being be VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 540 46 produced produce VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 540 47 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 540 48 mass mass JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 540 49 quantities quantity NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 540 50 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 540 51 niche niche NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 540 52 markets market NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 540 53 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 541 1 Two two CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 541 2 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 541 3 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 541 4 more more RBR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 541 5 promising promising JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 541 6 markets market NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 541 7 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 541 8 nutraceuticals nutraceutical NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 541 9 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 541 10 so so RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 541 11 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 541 12 called call VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 541 13 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 541 14 Functional Functional NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 541 15 Foods Foods NNPS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 541 16 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 541 17 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 541 18 plants plant NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 541 19 developed develop VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 541 20 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 541 21 bioreactors bioreactor NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 541 22 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 541 23 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 541 24 production production NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 541 25 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 541 26 valuable valuable JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 541 27 proteins protein NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 541 28 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 541 29 compounds compound NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 541 30 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 541 31 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 541 32 field field NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 541 33 known know VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 541 34 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 541 35 Plant Plant NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 541 36 Molecular Molecular NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 541 37 Farming Farming NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 541 38 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 542 1 Developing develop VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 542 2 plants plant NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 542 3 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 542 4 improved improved JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 542 5 quality quality NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 542 6 traits trait NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 542 7 involves involve VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 542 8 overcoming overcome VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 542 9 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 542 10 variety variety NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 542 11 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 542 12 technical technical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 542 13 challenges challenge NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 542 14 inherent inherent JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 542 15 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 542 16 metabolic metabolic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 542 17 engineering engineering NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 542 18 programs program NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 542 19 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 543 1 Both both DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 543 2 traditional traditional JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 543 3 plant plant NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 543 4 breeding breeding NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 543 5 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 543 6 biotechnology biotechnology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 543 7 techniques technique NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 543 8 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 543 9 needed need VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 543 10 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 543 11 produce produce VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 543 12 plants plant NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 543 13 carrying carry VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 543 14 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 543 15 desired desire VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 543 16 quality quality NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 543 17 traits trait NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 543 18 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 544 1 Continuing continue VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 544 2 improvements improvement NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 544 3 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 544 4 molecular molecular JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 544 5 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 544 6 genomic genomic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 544 7 technologies technology NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 544 8 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 544 9 contributing contribute VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 544 10 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 544 11 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 544 12 acceleration acceleration NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 544 13 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 544 14 product product NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 544 15 development development NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 544 16 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 544 17 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 544 18 space space NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 544 19 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 545 1 By by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 545 2 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 545 3 end end NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 545 4 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 545 5 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 545 6 decade decade NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 545 7 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 545 8 1999 1999 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 545 9 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 545 10 applying apply VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 545 11 nutritional nutritional JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 545 12 genomics genomic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 545 13 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 545 14 Della Della NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 545 15 Penna Penna NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 545 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 545 17 1999 1999 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 545 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 545 19 isolated isolate VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 545 20 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 545 21 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 545 22 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 545 23 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 545 24 converts convert VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 545 25 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 545 26 lower low JJR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 545 27 activity activity NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 545 28 precursors precursor NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 545 29 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 545 30 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 545 31 highest high JJS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 545 32 activity activity NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 545 33 vitamin vitamin NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 545 34 E e NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 545 35 compound compound NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 545 36 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 545 37 alpha alpha NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 545 38 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 545 39 tocopherol tocopherol NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 545 40 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 546 1 With with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 546 2 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 546 3 technology technology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 546 4 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 546 5 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 546 6 vitamin vitamin NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 546 7 E e NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 546 8 content content NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 546 9 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 546 10 Arabidopsis Arabidopsis NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 546 11 seed seed NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 546 12 oil oil NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 546 13 has have VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 546 14 been be VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 546 15 increased increase VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 546 16 nearly nearly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 546 17 10-fold 10-fold JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 546 18 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 546 19 progress progress NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 546 20 has have VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 546 21 been be VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 546 22 made make VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 546 23 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 546 24 move move VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 546 25 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 546 26 technology technology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 546 27 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 546 28 crops crop NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 546 29 such such JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 546 30 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 546 31 soybean soybean NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 546 32 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 546 33 maize maize NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 546 34 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 546 35 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 546 36 canola canola NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 546 37 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 547 1 This this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 547 2 has have VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 547 3 also also RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 547 4 been be VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 547 5 done do VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 547 6 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 547 7 folates folate NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 547 8 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 547 9 rice rice NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 547 10 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 548 1 Omega omega NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 548 2 three three CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 548 3 fatty fatty JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 548 4 acids acid NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 548 5 play play VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 548 6 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 548 7 significant significant JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 548 8 role role NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 548 9 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 548 10 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 548 11 health health NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 548 12 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 548 13 eicosapentaenoic eicosapentaenoic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 548 14 acid acid NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 548 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 548 16 EPA EPA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 548 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 548 18 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 548 19 docosahexaenoic docosahexaenoic NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 548 20 acid acid NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 548 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 548 22 DHA DHA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 548 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 548 24 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 548 25 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 548 26 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 548 27 present present JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 548 28 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 548 29 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 548 30 retina retina NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 548 31 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 548 32 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 548 33 eye eye NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 548 34 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 548 35 cerebral cerebral JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 548 36 cortex cortex NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 548 37 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 548 38 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 548 39 brain brain NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 548 40 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 548 41 respectively respectively RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 548 42 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 548 43 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 548 44 some some DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 548 45 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 548 46 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 548 47 most most RBS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 548 48 well well RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 548 49 documented document VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 548 50 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 548 51 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 548 52 clinical clinical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 548 53 perspective perspective NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 548 54 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 549 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 549 2 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 549 3 believed believe VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 549 4 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 549 5 EPA EPA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 549 6 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 549 7 DHA DHA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 549 8 play play VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 549 9 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 549 10 important important JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 549 11 role role NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 549 12 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 549 13 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 549 14 regulation regulation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 549 15 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 549 16 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 549 17 immune immune JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 549 18 reactions reaction NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 549 19 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 549 20 blood blood NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 549 21 pressure pressure NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 549 22 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 549 23 treatment treatment NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 549 24 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 549 25 conditions condition NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 549 26 such such JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 549 27 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 549 28 cardiovascular cardiovascular JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 549 29 disease disease NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 549 30 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 549 31 cystic cystic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 549 32 fibrosis fibrosis NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 549 33 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 549 34 brain brain NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 549 35 development development NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 549 36 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 549 37 utero utero NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 549 38 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 549 39 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 549 40 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 549 41 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 549 42 early early JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 549 43 postnatal postnatal JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 549 44 life life NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 549 45 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 549 46 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 549 47 development development NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 549 48 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 549 49 cognitive cognitive JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 549 50 function function NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 549 51 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 550 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 550 2 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 550 3 mainly mainly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 550 4 found find VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 550 5 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 550 6 fish fish NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 550 7 oil oil NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 550 8 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 550 9 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 550 10 supply supply NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 550 11 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 550 12 limited limit VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 550 13 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 551 1 By by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 551 2 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 551 3 end end NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 551 4 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 551 5 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 551 6 decade decade NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 551 7 Ursin Ursin NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 551 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 551 9 2000 2000 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 551 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 551 11 had have VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 551 12 succeeded succeed VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 551 13 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 551 14 engineering engineering NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 551 15 canola canola NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 551 16 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 551 17 produce produce VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 551 18 these these DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 551 19 fatty fatty JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 551 20 acids acid NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 551 21 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 552 1 From from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 552 2 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 552 3 global global JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 552 4 perspective perspective NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 552 5 another another DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 552 6 value value NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 552 7 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 552 8 added add VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 552 9 development development NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 552 10 had have VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 552 11 far far RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 552 12 greater great JJR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 552 13 impact impact NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 552 14 both both CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 552 15 technologically technologically JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 552 16 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 552 17 socio socio JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 552 18 - - JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 552 19 economically economically RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 552 20 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 553 1 A a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 553 2 team team NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 553 3 led lead VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 553 4 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 553 5 Ingo Ingo NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 553 6 Potrykus Potrykus NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 553 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 553 8 1999 1999 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 553 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 553 10 engineered engineer VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 553 11 rice rice NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 553 12 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 553 13 produce produce VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 553 14 pro pro JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 553 15 - - JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 553 16 Vitamin vitamin JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 553 17 A a NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 553 18 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 553 19 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 553 20 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 553 21 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 553 22 essential essential JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 553 23 micronutrient micronutrient NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 553 24 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 554 1 Widespread widespread JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 554 2 dietary dietary JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 554 3 deficiency deficiency NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 554 4 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 554 5 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 554 6 vitamin vitamin NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 554 7 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 554 8 rice rice NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 554 9 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 554 10 eating eat VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 554 11 Asian asian JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 554 12 countries country NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 554 13 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 554 14 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 554 15 predisposes predispose VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 554 16 children child NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 554 17 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 554 18 diseases disease NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 554 19 such such JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 554 20 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 554 21 blindness blindness NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 554 22 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 554 23 measles measle NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 554 24 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 554 25 has have VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 554 26 tragic tragic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 554 27 consequences consequence NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 554 28 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 555 1 Improved improve VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 555 2 vitamin vitamin NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 555 3 A a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 555 4 nutrition nutrition NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 555 5 would would MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 555 6 alleviate alleviate VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 555 7 serious serious JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 555 8 health health NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 555 9 problems problem NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 555 10 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 555 11 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 555 12 according accord VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 555 13 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 555 14 UNICEF UNICEF NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 555 15 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 555 16 could could MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 555 17 also also RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 555 18 prevent prevent VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 555 19 up up RP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 555 20 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 555 21 two two CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 555 22 million million CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 555 23 infant infant NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 555 24 deaths death NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 555 25 due due JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 555 26 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 555 27 vitamin vitamin NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 555 28 A a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 555 29 deficiency deficiency NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 555 30 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 556 1 Adoption adoption NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 556 2 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 556 3 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 556 4 next next JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 556 5 stage stage NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 556 6 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 556 7 GM GM NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 556 8 crops crop NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 556 9 may may MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 556 10 proceed proceed VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 556 11 more more RBR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 556 12 slowly slowly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 556 13 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 556 14 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 556 15 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 556 16 market market NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 556 17 confronts confront VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 556 18 issues issue NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 556 19 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 556 20 how how WRB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 556 21 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 556 22 determine determine VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 556 23 price price NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 556 24 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 556 25 share share NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 556 26 value value NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 556 27 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 556 28 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 556 29 adjust adjust VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 556 30 marketing marketing NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 556 31 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 556 32 handling handling NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 556 33 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 556 34 accommodate accommodate VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 556 35 specialized specialized JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 556 36 end end NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 556 37 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 556 38 use use NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 556 39 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 556 40 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 557 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 557 2 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 557 3 competition competition NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 557 4 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 557 5 existing exist VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 557 6 products product NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 557 7 will will MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 557 8 not not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 557 9 evaporate evaporate VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 557 10 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 558 1 Challenges challenge NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 558 2 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 558 3 have have VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 558 4 accompanied accompany VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 558 5 GM GM NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 558 6 crops crop NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 558 7 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 558 8 improved improve VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 558 9 agronomic agronomic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 558 10 traits trait NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 558 11 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 558 12 such such JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 558 13 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 558 14 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 558 15 stalled stall VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 558 16 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 558 17 processes process NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 558 18 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 558 19 Europe Europe NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 558 20 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 558 21 will will MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 558 22 also also RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 558 23 affect affect VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 558 24 adoption adoption NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 558 25 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 558 26 nutritionally nutritionally RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 558 27 improved improve VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 558 28 GM GM NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 558 29 products product NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 558 30 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 559 1 Beyond beyond IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 559 2 all all DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 559 3 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 559 4 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 559 5 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 559 6 credible credible JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 559 7 scientific scientific JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 559 8 research research NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 559 9 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 559 10 still still RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 559 11 needed need VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 559 12 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 559 13 confirm confirm VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 559 14 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 559 15 benefits benefit NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 559 16 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 559 17 any any DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 559 18 particular particular JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 559 19 food food NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 559 20 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 559 21 component component NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 559 22 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 560 1 For for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 560 2 functional functional JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 560 3 foods food NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 560 4 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 560 5 deliver deliver VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 560 6 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 560 7 potential potential JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 560 8 public public JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 560 9 health health NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 560 10 benefits benefit NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 560 11 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 560 12 consumers consumer NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 560 13 must must MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 560 14 have have VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 560 15 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 560 16 clear clear JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 560 17 understanding understanding NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 560 18 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 560 19 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 560 20 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 560 21 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 560 22 strong strong JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 560 23 confidence confidence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 560 24 level level NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 560 25 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 560 26 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 560 27 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 560 28 scientific scientific JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 560 29 criteria criterion NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 560 30 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 560 31 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 560 32 used use VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 560 33 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 560 34 document document VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 560 35 health health NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 560 36 effects effect NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 560 37 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 560 38 claims claim NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 560 39 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 561 1 Because because IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 561 2 these these DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 561 3 decisions decision NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 561 4 will will MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 561 5 require require VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 561 6 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 561 7 understanding understanding NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 561 8 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 561 9 plant plant NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 561 10 biochemistry biochemistry NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 561 11 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 561 12 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 561 13 physiology physiology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 561 14 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 561 15 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 561 16 food food NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 561 17 chemistry chemistry NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 561 18 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 561 19 strong strong JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 561 20 interdisciplinary interdisciplinary JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 561 21 collaborations collaboration NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 561 22 will will MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 561 23 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 561 24 needed need VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 561 25 among among IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 561 26 plant plant NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 561 27 scientists scientist NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 561 28 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 561 29 nutritionists nutritionist NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 561 30 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 561 31 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 561 32 food food NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 561 33 scientists scientist NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 561 34 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 561 35 ensure ensure VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 561 36 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 561 37 safe safe JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 561 38 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 561 39 healthful healthful JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 561 40 food food NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 561 41 supply supply NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 561 42 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 562 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 562 2 addition addition NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 562 3 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 562 4 being be VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 562 5 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 562 6 source source NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 562 7 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 562 8 nutrition nutrition NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 562 9 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 562 10 plants plant NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 562 11 have have VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 562 12 been be VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 562 13 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 562 14 valuable valuable JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 562 15 wellspring wellspring NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 562 16 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 562 17 therapeutics therapeutic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 562 18 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 562 19 centuries century NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 562 20 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 563 1 During during IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 563 2 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 563 3 nineties ninety NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 563 4 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 563 5 however however RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 563 6 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 563 7 intensive intensive JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 563 8 research research NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 563 9 has have VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 563 10 focused focus VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 563 11 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 563 12 expanding expand VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 563 13 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 563 14 source source NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 563 15 through through IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 563 16 rDNA rdna JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 563 17 biotechnology biotechnology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 563 18 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 563 19 essentially essentially RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 563 20 using use VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 563 21 plants plant NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 563 22 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 563 23 animals animal NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 563 24 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 563 25 living live VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 563 26 factories factory NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 563 27 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 563 28 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 563 29 commercial commercial JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 563 30 production production NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 563 31 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 563 32 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 563 33 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 563 34 therapeutics therapeutic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 563 35 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 563 36 other other JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 563 37 valuable valuable JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 563 38 products product NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 563 39 such such JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 563 40 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 563 41 industrial industrial JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 563 42 enzymes enzyme NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 563 43 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 563 44 biosynthetic biosynthetic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 563 45 feedstocks feedstock NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 563 46 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 564 1 Possibilities possibility NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 564 2 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 564 3 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 564 4 medical medical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 564 5 field field NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 564 6 include include VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 564 7 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 564 8 wide wide JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 564 9 variety variety NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 564 10 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 564 11 compounds compound NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 564 12 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 564 13 ranging range VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 564 14 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 564 15 edible edible JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 564 16 vaccine vaccine NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 564 17 antigens antigen NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 564 18 against against IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 564 19 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 564 20 B B NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 564 21 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 564 22 Norwalk Norwalk NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 564 23 viruses virus NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 564 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 564 25 Arntzen Arntzen NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 564 26 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 564 27 1997 1997 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 564 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 564 29 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 564 30 Pseudomonas Pseudomonas NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 564 31 aeruginosa aeruginosa NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 564 32 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 564 33 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 564 34 aureus aureus NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 564 35 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 564 36 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 564 37 against against IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 564 38 cancer cancer NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 564 39 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 564 40 diabetes diabetes NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 564 41 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 564 42 enzymes enzyme NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 564 43 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 564 44 hormones hormone NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 564 45 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 564 46 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 564 47 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 564 48 interleukins interleukin NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 564 49 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 564 50 plasma plasma NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 564 51 proteins protein NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 564 52 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 564 53 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 564 54 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 564 55 alpha-1-antitrypsin alpha-1-antitrypsin NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 564 56 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 565 1 Thus thus RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 565 2 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 565 3 plant plant NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 565 4 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 565 5 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 565 6 capable capable JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 565 7 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 565 8 expressing express VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 565 9 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 565 10 large large JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 565 11 variety variety NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 565 12 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 565 13 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 565 14 proteins protein NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 565 15 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 565 16 protein protein NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 565 17 complexes complex NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 565 18 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 566 1 Therapeutics therapeutic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 566 2 produced produce VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 566 3 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 566 4 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 566 5 way way NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 566 6 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 566 7 termed term VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 566 8 plant plant NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 566 9 made make VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 566 10 pharmaceuticals pharmaceutical NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 566 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 566 12 PMPs PMPs NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 566 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 566 14 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 567 1 And and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 567 2 non non JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 567 3 - - NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 567 4 therapeutics therapeutic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 567 5 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 567 6 termed term VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 567 7 plant plant NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 567 8 made make VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 567 9 industrial industrial JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 567 10 products product NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 567 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 567 12 PMIPs pmip NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 567 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 568 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 568 2 Newell Newell NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 568 3 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 568 4 McGloughlin McGloughlin NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 568 5 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 568 6 2006 2006 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 568 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 568 8 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 569 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 569 2 first first JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 569 3 reported report VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 569 4 results result NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 569 5 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 569 6 successful successful JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 569 7 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 569 8 clinical clinical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 569 9 trials trial NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 569 10 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 569 11 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 569 12 transgenic transgenic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 569 13 plant plant NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 569 14 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 569 15 derived derive VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 569 16 pharmaceuticals pharmaceutical NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 569 17 were be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 569 18 published publish VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 569 19 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 569 20 1998 1998 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 569 21 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 570 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 570 2 were be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 570 3 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 570 4 edible edible JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 570 5 vaccine vaccine NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 570 6 against against IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 570 7 E. E. NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 570 8 coli coli NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 570 9 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 570 10 induced induce VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 570 11 diarrhea diarrhea NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 570 12 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 570 13 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 570 14 secretory secretory JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 570 15 monoclonal monoclonal JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 570 16 antibody antibody NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 570 17 directed direct VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 570 18 against against IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 570 19 Streptococcus streptococcus NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 570 20 mutans mutan NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 570 21 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 570 22 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 570 23 preventative preventative JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 570 24 immunotherapy immunotherapy NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 570 25 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 570 26 reduce reduce VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 570 27 incidence incidence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 570 28 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 570 29 dental dental JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 570 30 caries carie NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 570 31 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 571 1 Haq Haq NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 571 2 et et NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 571 3 al al NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 571 4 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 572 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 572 2 1995 1995 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 572 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 572 4 reported report VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 572 5 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 572 6 expression expression NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 572 7 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 572 8 potato potato NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 572 9 plants plant NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 572 10 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 572 11 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 572 12 vaccine vaccine NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 572 13 against against IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 572 14 E. E. NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 572 15 coli coli NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 572 16 enterotoxin enterotoxin NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 572 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 572 18 ETEC ETEC NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 572 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 572 20 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 572 21 provided provide VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 572 22 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 572 23 immune immune JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 572 24 response response NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 572 25 against against IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 572 26 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 572 27 toxin toxin NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 572 28 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 572 29 mice mouse NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 572 30 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 573 1 Human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 573 2 clinical clinical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 573 3 trials trial NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 573 4 suggest suggest VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 573 5 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 573 6 oral oral JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 573 7 vaccination vaccination NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 573 8 against against IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 573 9 either either DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 573 10 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 573 11 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 573 12 closely closely RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 573 13 related related JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 573 14 enterotoxins enterotoxin NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 573 15 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 573 16 Vibrio Vibrio NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 573 17 cholerae cholerae NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 573 18 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 573 19 E. E. NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 573 20 coli coli NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 573 21 induces induce VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 573 22 production production NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 573 23 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 573 24 antibodies antibody NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 573 25 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 573 26 can can MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 573 27 neutralize neutralize VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 573 28 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 573 29 respective respective JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 573 30 toxins toxin NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 573 31 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 573 32 preventing prevent VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 573 33 them -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 573 34 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 573 35 binding bind VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 573 36 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 573 37 gut gut NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 573 38 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 573 39 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 574 1 Similar similar JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 574 2 results result NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 574 3 were be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 574 4 found find VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 574 5 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 574 6 Norwalk Norwalk NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 574 7 virus virus NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 574 8 oral oral JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 574 9 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 574 10 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 574 11 potatoes potato NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 574 12 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 575 1 For for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 575 2 developing develop VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 575 3 countries country NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 575 4 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 575 5 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 575 6 intention intention NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 575 7 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 575 8 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 575 9 deliver deliver VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 575 10 them -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 575 11 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 575 12 bananas banana NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 575 13 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 575 14 tomatoes tomato NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 576 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 576 2 Newell Newell NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 576 3 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 576 4 McGloughlin McGloughlin NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 576 5 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 576 6 2006 2006 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 576 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 576 8 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 577 1 Plants plant NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 577 2 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 577 3 also also RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 577 4 faster fast JJR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 577 5 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 577 6 cheaper cheap JJR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 577 7 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 577 8 more more RBR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 577 9 convenient convenient JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 577 10 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 577 11 more more RBR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 577 12 efficient efficient JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 577 13 than than IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 577 14 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 577 15 principal principal JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 577 16 eukaryotic eukaryotic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 577 17 production production NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 577 18 system system NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 577 19 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 577 20 namely namely RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 577 21 Chinese chinese JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 577 22 Hamster Hamster NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 577 23 Ovary Ovary NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 577 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 577 25 CHO CHO NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 577 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 577 27 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 577 28 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 577 29 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 577 30 production production NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 577 31 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 577 32 pharmaceuticals pharmaceutical NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 577 33 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 578 1 Hundreds hundred NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 578 2 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 578 3 acres acre NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 578 4 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 578 5 protein protein NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 578 6 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 578 7 containing contain VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 578 8 seeds seed NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 578 9 could could MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 578 10 inexpensively inexpensively RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 578 11 double double VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 578 12 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 578 13 production production NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 578 14 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 578 15 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 578 16 CHO CHO NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 578 17 bioreactor bioreactor NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 578 18 factory factory NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 578 19 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 579 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 579 2 addition addition NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 579 3 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 579 4 proteins protein NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 579 5 can can MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 579 6 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 579 7 expressed express VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 579 8 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 579 9 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 579 10 highest high JJS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 579 11 levels level NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 579 12 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 579 13 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 579 14 harvestable harvestable JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 579 15 seed seed NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 579 16 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 579 17 plant plant NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 579 18 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 579 19 made make VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 579 20 proteins protein NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 579 21 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 579 22 enzymes enzyme NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 579 23 formulated formulate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 579 24 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 579 25 seeds seed NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 579 26 have have VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 579 27 been be VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 579 28 found find VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 579 29 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 579 30 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 579 31 extremely extremely RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 579 32 stable stable JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 579 33 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 579 34 reducing reduce VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 579 35 storage storage NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 579 36 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 579 37 shipping shipping NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 579 38 costs cost NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 579 39 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 580 1 Pharming Pharming NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 580 2 may may MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 580 3 also also RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 580 4 enable enable VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 580 5 research research NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 580 6 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 580 7 drugs drug NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 580 8 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 580 9 can can MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 580 10 not not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 580 11 currently currently RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 580 12 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 580 13 produced produce VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 580 14 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 581 1 For for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 581 2 example example NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 581 3 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 581 4 CropTech CropTech NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 581 5 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 581 6 Blacksburg Blacksburg NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 581 7 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 581 8 Va. Virginia NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 581 9 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 581 10 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 581 11 investigating investigate VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 581 12 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 581 13 protein protein NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 581 14 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 581 15 seems seem VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 581 16 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 581 17 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 581 18 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 581 19 very very RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 581 20 effective effective JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 581 21 anticancer anticancer JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 581 22 agent agent NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 581 23 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 582 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 582 2 problem problem NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 582 3 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 582 4 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 582 5 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 582 6 protein protein NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 582 7 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 582 8 difficult difficult JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 582 9 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 582 10 produce produce VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 582 11 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 582 12 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 582 13 cell cell NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 582 14 culture culture NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 582 15 systems system NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 582 16 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 582 17 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 582 18 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 582 19 cell cell NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 582 20 growth growth NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 582 21 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 583 1 This this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 583 2 should should MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 583 3 not not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 583 4 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 583 5 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 583 6 problem problem NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 583 7 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 583 8 plants plant NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 583 9 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 584 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 584 2 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 584 3 production production NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 584 4 size size NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 584 5 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 584 6 flexible flexible JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 584 7 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 584 8 easily easily RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 584 9 adjustable adjustable JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 584 10 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 584 11 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 584 12 needs need NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 584 13 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 584 14 changing change VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 584 15 markets market NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 584 16 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 585 1 Making make VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 585 2 pharmaceuticals pharmaceutical NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 585 3 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 585 4 plants plant NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 585 5 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 585 6 also also RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 585 7 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 585 8 sustainable sustainable JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 585 9 process process NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 585 10 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 585 11 because because IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 585 12 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 585 13 plants plant NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 585 14 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 585 15 crops crop NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 585 16 used use VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 585 17 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 585 18 raw raw JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 585 19 materials material NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 585 20 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 585 21 renewable renewable JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 585 22 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 586 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 586 2 system system NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 586 3 also also RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 586 4 has have VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 586 5 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 586 6 potential potential NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 586 7 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 586 8 address address VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 586 9 problems problem NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 586 10 associated associate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 586 11 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 586 12 provision provision NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 586 13 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 586 14 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 586 15 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 586 16 people people NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 586 17 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 586 18 developing develop VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 586 19 countries country NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 586 20 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 587 1 Products product NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 587 2 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 587 3 these these DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 587 4 alternative alternative JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 587 5 sources source NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 587 6 do do VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 587 7 not not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 587 8 require require VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 587 9 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 587 10 so so RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 587 11 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 587 12 called call VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 587 13 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 587 14 cold cold JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 587 15 chain chain NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 587 16 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 587 17 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 587 18 refrigerated refrigerated JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 587 19 transport transport NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 587 20 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 587 21 storage storage NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 587 22 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 588 1 Those those DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 588 2 being be VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 588 3 developed develop VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 588 4 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 588 5 oral oral JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 588 6 delivery delivery NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 588 7 obviates obviate VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 588 8 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 588 9 need need NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 588 10 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 588 11 needles needle NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 588 12 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 588 13 aspectic aspectic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 588 14 conditions condition NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 588 15 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 588 16 often often RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 588 17 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 588 18 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 588 19 problem problem NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 588 20 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 588 21 those those DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 588 22 areas area NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 588 23 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 589 1 Apart apart RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 589 2 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 589 3 those those DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 589 4 specific specific JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 589 5 applications application NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 589 6 where where WRB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 589 7 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 589 8 plant plant NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 589 9 system system NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 589 10 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 589 11 optimum optimum JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 589 12 there there EX cord-016293-pyb00pt5 589 13 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 589 14 many many JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 589 15 other other JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 589 16 advantages advantage NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 589 17 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 589 18 using use VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 589 19 plant plant NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 589 20 production production NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 589 21 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 590 1 Many many JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 590 2 new new JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 590 3 pharmaceuticals pharmaceutical NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 590 4 based base VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 590 5 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 590 6 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 590 7 proteins protein NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 590 8 will will MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 590 9 receive receive VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 590 10 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 590 11 approval approval NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 590 12 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 590 13 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 590 14 United United NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 590 15 States States NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 590 16 Food Food NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 590 17 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 590 18 Drug Drug NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 590 19 Administration Administration NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 590 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 590 21 FDA FDA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 590 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 590 23 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 590 24 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 590 25 next next JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 590 26 few few JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 590 27 years year NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 590 28 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 591 1 As as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 591 2 these these DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 591 3 therapeutics therapeutic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 591 4 make make VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 591 5 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 591 6 way way NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 591 7 through through IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 591 8 clinical clinical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 591 9 trials trial NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 591 10 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 591 11 evaluation evaluation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 591 12 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 591 13 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 591 14 pharmaceutical pharmaceutical NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 591 15 industry industry NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 591 16 faces face VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 591 17 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 591 18 production production NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 591 19 capacity capacity NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 591 20 challenge challenge NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 591 21 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 592 1 Pharmaceutical pharmaceutical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 592 2 discovery discovery NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 592 3 companies company NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 592 4 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 592 5 exploring explore VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 592 6 plant plant NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 592 7 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 592 8 based base VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 592 9 production production NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 592 10 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 592 11 overcome overcome VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 592 12 capacity capacity NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 592 13 limitations limitation NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 592 14 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 592 15 enable enable VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 592 16 production production NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 592 17 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 592 18 complex complex JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 592 19 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 592 20 proteins protein NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 592 21 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 592 22 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 592 23 fully fully RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 592 24 realize realize VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 592 25 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 592 26 commercial commercial JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 592 27 potential potential NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 592 28 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 592 29 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 592 30 biopharmaceuticals biopharmaceutical NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 592 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 592 32 Newell Newell NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 592 33 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 592 34 McGloughlin McGloughlin NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 592 35 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 592 36 2006 2006 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 592 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 592 38 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 593 1 Nineteen nineteen CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 593 2 ninety ninety CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 593 3 also also RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 593 4 marked mark VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 593 5 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 593 6 major major JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 593 7 milestone milestone NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 593 8 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 593 9 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 593 10 animal animal NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 593 11 biotech biotech NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 593 12 world world NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 593 13 when when WRB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 593 14 Herman Herman NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 593 15 made make VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 593 16 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 593 17 appearance appearance NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 593 18 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 593 19 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 593 20 world world NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 593 21 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 593 22 stage stage NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 593 23 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 594 1 Since since IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 594 2 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 594 3 Palmiter Palmiter NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 594 4 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 594 5 mouse mouse NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 594 6 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 594 7 transgenic transgenic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 594 8 technology technology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 594 9 has have VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 594 10 been be VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 594 11 applied apply VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 594 12 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 594 13 several several JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 594 14 species specie NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 594 15 including include VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 594 16 agricultural agricultural JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 594 17 species specie NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 594 18 such such JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 594 19 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 594 20 sheep sheep NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 594 21 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 594 22 cattle cattle NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 594 23 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 594 24 goats goat NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 594 25 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 594 26 pigs pig NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 594 27 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 594 28 rabbits rabbit NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 594 29 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 594 30 poultry poultry NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 594 31 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 594 32 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 594 33 fish fish NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 594 34 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 595 1 Herman Herman NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 595 2 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 595 3 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 595 4 first first JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 595 5 transgenic transgenic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 595 6 bovine bovine NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 595 7 created create VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 595 8 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 595 9 GenPharm GenPharm NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 595 10 International International NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 595 11 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 595 12 Inc. Inc. NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 595 13 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 595 14 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 595 15 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 595 16 laboratory laboratory NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 595 17 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 595 18 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 595 19 Netherlands Netherlands NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 595 20 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 595 21 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 595 22 early early JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 595 23 embryo embryo NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 595 24 stage stage NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 595 25 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 596 1 Scientist Scientist NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 596 2 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 596 3 microinjected microinjecte VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 596 4 recently recently RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 596 5 fertilized fertilize VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 596 6 eggs egg NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 596 7 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 596 8 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 596 9 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 596 10 coding code VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 596 11 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 596 12 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 596 13 lactoferrin lactoferrin NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 596 14 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 597 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 597 2 scientists scientist NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 597 3 then then RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 597 4 cultured culture VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 597 5 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 597 6 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 597 7 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 597 8 vitro vitro FW cord-016293-pyb00pt5 597 9 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 597 10 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 597 11 embryo embryo NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 597 12 stage stage NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 597 13 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 597 14 transferred transfer VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 597 15 them -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 597 16 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 597 17 recipient recipient NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 597 18 cattle cattle NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 597 19 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 598 1 Lactoferrin Lactoferrin NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 598 2 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 598 3 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 598 4 iron iron NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 598 5 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 598 6 containing contain VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 598 7 anti anti JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 598 8 - - JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 598 9 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 598 10 protein protein NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 598 11 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 598 12 essential essential JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 598 13 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 598 14 infant infant JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 598 15 growth growth NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 598 16 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 599 1 Since since IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 599 2 cow cow NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 599 3 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 599 4 milk milk NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 599 5 does do VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 599 6 n't not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 599 7 contain contain VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 599 8 lactoferrin lactoferrin NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 599 9 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 599 10 infants infant NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 599 11 must must MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 599 12 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 599 13 fed feed VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 599 14 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 599 15 other other JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 599 16 sources source NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 599 17 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 599 18 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 599 19 rich rich JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 599 20 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 599 21 iron iron NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 599 22 -formula -formula NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 599 23 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 599 24 mother mother NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 599 25 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 599 26 milk milk NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 599 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 599 28 Newell Newell NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 599 29 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 599 30 McGloughlin McGloughlin NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 599 31 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 599 32 2001 2001 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 599 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 599 34 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 600 1 As as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 600 2 Herman Herman NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 600 3 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 600 4 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 600 5 boy boy NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 600 6 he -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 600 7 would would MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 600 8 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 600 9 unable unable JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 600 10 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 600 11 provide provide VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 600 12 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 600 13 source source NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 600 14 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 600 15 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 600 16 would would MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 600 17 require require VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 600 18 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 600 19 production production NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 600 20 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 600 21 daughters daughter NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 600 22 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 600 23 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 600 24 not not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 600 25 necessarily necessarily RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 600 26 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 600 27 straightforward straightforward JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 600 28 process process NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 600 29 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 601 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 601 2 Dutch dutch JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 601 3 parliments parliment NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 601 4 permission permission NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 601 5 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 601 6 required require VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 601 7 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 602 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 602 2 1992 1992 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 602 3 they -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 602 4 finally finally RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 602 5 approved approve VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 602 6 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 602 7 measure measure NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 602 8 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 602 9 permitted permit VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 602 10 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 602 11 world world NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 602 12 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 602 13 first first JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 602 14 genetically genetically RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 602 15 engineered engineer VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 602 16 bull bull NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 602 17 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 602 18 reproduce reproduce VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 602 19 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 603 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 603 2 Leiden Leiden NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 603 3 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 603 4 based base VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 603 5 Gene Gene NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 603 6 Pharming Pharming NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 603 7 proceeded proceed VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 603 8 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 603 9 artificially artificially RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 603 10 inseminate inseminate VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 603 11 60 60 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 603 12 cows cow NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 603 13 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 603 14 Herman Herman NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 603 15 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 603 16 sperm sperm NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 603 17 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 604 1 With with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 604 2 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 604 3 promise promise NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 604 4 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 604 5 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 604 6 protein protein NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 604 7 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 604 8 lactoferrin lactoferrin NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 604 9 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 604 10 would would MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 604 11 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 604 12 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 604 13 first first JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 604 14 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 604 15 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 604 16 new new JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 604 17 generation generation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 604 18 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 604 19 inexpensive inexpensive JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 604 20 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 604 21 high high JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 604 22 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 604 23 tech tech NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 604 24 drugs drug NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 604 25 derived derive VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 604 26 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 604 27 cows cow NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 604 28 ' ' POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 604 29 milk milk NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 604 30 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 604 31 treat treat VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 604 32 complex complex JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 604 33 diseases disease NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 604 34 like like IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 604 35 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 604 36 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 604 37 cancer cancer NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 604 38 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 605 1 Herman Herman NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 605 2 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 605 3 became become VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 605 4 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 605 5 father father NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 605 6 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 605 7 at at RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 605 8 least least RBS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 605 9 eight eight CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 605 10 female female JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 605 11 calves calf NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 605 12 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 605 13 1994 1994 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 605 14 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 605 15 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 605 16 each each DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 605 17 one one NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 605 18 inherited inherit VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 605 19 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 605 20 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 605 21 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 605 22 lactoferrin lactoferrin NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 605 23 production production NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 605 24 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 606 1 While while IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 606 2 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 606 3 birth birth NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 606 4 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 606 5 initially initially RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 606 6 greeted greet VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 606 7 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 606 8 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 606 9 scientific scientific JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 606 10 advancement advancement NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 606 11 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 606 12 could could MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 606 13 have have VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 606 14 far far RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 606 15 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 606 16 reaching reach VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 606 17 effects effect NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 606 18 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 606 19 children child NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 606 20 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 606 21 developing develop VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 606 22 nations nation NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 606 23 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 606 24 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 606 25 levels level NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 606 26 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 606 27 expression expression NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 606 28 were be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 606 29 too too RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 606 30 low low JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 606 31 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 606 32 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 606 33 commercially commercially RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 606 34 viable viable JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 606 35 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 607 1 By by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 607 2 2002 2002 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 607 3 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 607 4 Herman Herman NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 607 5 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 607 6 who who WP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 607 7 likes like VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 607 8 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 607 9 listen listen VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 607 10 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 607 11 rap rap NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 607 12 music music NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 607 13 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 607 14 relax relax VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 607 15 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 607 16 had have VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 607 17 sired sire VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 607 18 55 55 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 607 19 calves calf NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 607 20 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 607 21 outlived outlive VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 607 22 them -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 607 23 all all DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 607 24 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 608 1 His -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 608 2 offspring offspring NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 608 3 were be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 608 4 all all DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 608 5 killed kill VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 608 6 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 608 7 destroyed destroy VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 608 8 after after IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 608 9 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 608 10 end end NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 608 11 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 608 12 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 608 13 experiment experiment NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 608 14 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 608 15 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 608 16 line line NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 608 17 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 608 18 Dutch dutch JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 608 19 health health NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 608 20 legislation legislation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 608 21 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 609 1 Herman Herman NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 609 2 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 609 3 also also RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 609 4 slated slate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 609 5 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 609 6 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 609 7 abattoir abattoir NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 609 8 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 609 9 but but CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 609 10 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 609 11 Dutch dutch JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 609 12 public public NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 609 13 -proud -proud $ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 609 14 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 609 15 making make VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 609 16 history history NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 609 17 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 609 18 Herman Herman NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 609 19 -rose -rose VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 609 20 up up RP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 609 21 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 609 22 protest protest NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 609 23 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 609 24 especially especially RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 609 25 after after IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 609 26 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 609 27 television television NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 609 28 program program NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 609 29 screened screen VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 609 30 footage footage NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 609 31 showing show VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 609 32 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 609 33 amiable amiable JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 609 34 bull bull NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 609 35 licking lick VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 609 36 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 609 37 kitten kitten NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 609 38 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 610 1 Herman Herman NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 610 2 won win VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 610 3 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 610 4 bill bill NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 610 5 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 610 6 clemency clemency NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 610 7 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 610 8 parliament parliament NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 610 9 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 611 1 However however RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 611 2 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 611 3 instead instead RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 611 4 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 611 5 retirement retirement NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 611 6 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 611 7 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 611 8 comfortable comfortable JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 611 9 bed bed NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 611 10 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 611 11 straw straw NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 611 12 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 611 13 listening listen VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 611 14 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 611 15 rap rap NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 611 16 music music NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 611 17 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 611 18 Herman Herman NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 611 19 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 611 20 pressed press VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 611 21 into into IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 611 22 service service NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 611 23 again again RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 611 24 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 612 1 He -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 612 2 now now RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 612 3 stars star VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 612 4 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 612 5 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 612 6 permanent permanent JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 612 7 biotech biotech JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 612 8 exhibit exhibit NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 612 9 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 612 10 Naturalis Naturalis NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 612 11 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 612 12 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 612 13 natural natural JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 612 14 history history NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 612 15 museum museum NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 612 16 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 612 17 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 612 18 Dutch dutch JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 612 19 city city NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 612 20 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 612 21 Leiden Leiden NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 612 22 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 613 1 After after IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 613 2 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 613 3 death death NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 613 4 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 613 5 he -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 613 6 will will MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 613 7 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 613 8 stuffed stuff VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 613 9 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 613 10 remain remain VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 613 11 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 613 12 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 613 13 museum museum NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 613 14 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 613 15 perpetuity perpetuity NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 613 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 613 17 A a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 613 18 fate fate NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 613 19 similar similar JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 613 20 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 613 21 what what WP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 613 22 awaited await VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 613 23 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 613 24 even even RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 613 25 more more RBR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 613 26 famous famous JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 613 27 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 613 28 first first RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 613 29 born bear VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 613 30 later later RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 613 31 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 613 32 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 613 33 decade decade NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 613 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 613 35 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 614 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 614 2 applications application NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 614 3 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 614 4 transgenic transgenic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 614 5 animal animal NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 614 6 research research NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 614 7 fall fall VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 614 8 broadly broadly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 614 9 into into IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 614 10 two two CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 614 11 distinct distinct JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 614 12 areas area NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 614 13 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 614 14 namely namely RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 614 15 medical medical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 614 16 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 614 17 agricultural agricultural JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 614 18 applications application NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 614 19 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 615 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 615 2 recent recent JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 615 3 focus focus NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 615 4 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 615 5 developing develop VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 615 6 animals animal NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 615 7 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 615 8 bioreactors bioreactor NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 615 9 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 615 10 produce produce VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 615 11 valuable valuable JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 615 12 proteins protein NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 615 13 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 615 14 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 615 15 milk milk NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 615 16 can can MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 615 17 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 615 18 catalogued catalogue VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 615 19 under under IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 615 20 both both DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 615 21 areas area NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 615 22 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 616 1 Underlying underlie VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 616 2 each each DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 616 3 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 616 4 these these DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 616 5 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 616 6 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 616 7 course course NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 616 8 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 616 9 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 616 10 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 616 11 more more RBR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 616 12 fundamental fundamental JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 616 13 application application NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 616 14 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 616 15 that that DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 616 16 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 616 17 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 616 18 use use NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 616 19 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 616 20 those those DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 616 21 techniques technique NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 616 22 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 616 23 tools tool NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 616 24 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 616 25 ascertain ascertain VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 616 26 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 616 27 molecular molecular JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 616 28 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 616 29 physiological physiological JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 616 30 bases basis NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 616 31 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 616 32 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 616 33 expression expression NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 616 34 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 616 35 animal animal NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 616 36 development development NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 616 37 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 617 1 This this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 617 2 understanding understanding NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 617 3 can can MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 617 4 then then RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 617 5 lead lead VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 617 6 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 617 7 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 617 8 creation creation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 617 9 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 617 10 techniques technique NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 617 11 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 617 12 modify modify VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 617 13 development development NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 617 14 pathways pathway NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 617 15 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 618 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 618 2 1992 1992 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 618 3 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 618 4 European european JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 618 5 decision decision NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 618 6 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 618 7 rather rather RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 618 8 more more RBR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 618 9 far far RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 618 10 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 618 11 reaching reach VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 618 12 implications implication NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 618 13 than than IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 618 14 Hermans Hermans NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 618 15 sex sex NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 618 16 life life NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 618 17 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 618 18 made make VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 618 19 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 619 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 619 2 first first JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 619 3 European european JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 619 4 patent patent NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 619 5 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 619 6 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 619 7 transgenic transgenic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 619 8 animal animal NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 619 9 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 619 10 issued issue VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 619 11 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 619 12 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 619 13 transgenic transgenic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 619 14 mouse mouse NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 619 15 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 619 16 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 619 17 carcinogens carcinogen NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 620 1 -Harvard -Harvard NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 620 2 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 620 3 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 620 4 Oncomouse Oncomouse NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 620 5 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 620 6 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 621 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 621 2 oncomouse oncomouse NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 621 3 patent patent NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 621 4 application application NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 621 5 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 621 6 refused refuse VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 621 7 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 621 8 Europe Europe NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 621 9 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 621 10 1989 1989 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 621 11 due due JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 621 12 primarily primarily RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 621 13 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 621 14 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 621 15 established establish VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 621 16 ban ban NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 621 17 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 621 18 animal animal NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 621 19 patenting patenting NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 621 20 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 622 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 622 2 application application NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 622 3 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 622 4 revised revise VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 622 5 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 622 6 make make VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 622 7 narrower narrow JJR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 622 8 claims claim NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 622 9 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 622 10 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 622 11 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 622 12 patent patent NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 622 13 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 622 14 granted grant VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 622 15 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 622 16 1992 1992 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 622 17 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 623 1 This this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 623 2 has have VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 623 3 since since IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 623 4 been be VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 623 5 repeatedly repeatedly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 623 6 challenged challenge VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 623 7 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 623 8 primarily primarily RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 623 9 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 623 10 groups group NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 623 11 objecting object VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 623 12 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 623 13 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 623 14 judgement judgement NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 623 15 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 623 16 benefits benefit VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 623 17 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 623 18 humans human NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 623 19 outweigh outweigh VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 623 20 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 623 21 suffering suffering NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 623 22 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 623 23 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 623 24 animal animal NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 623 25 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 624 1 Currently currently RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 624 2 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 624 3 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 624 4 patent patent NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 624 5 applicant applicant NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 624 6 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 624 7 awaiting await VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 624 8 protestors protestor NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 624 9 ' ' POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 624 10 responses response NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 624 11 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 624 12 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 624 13 series series NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 624 14 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 624 15 possible possible JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 624 16 modifications modification NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 624 17 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 624 18 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 624 19 application application NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 624 20 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 625 1 Predictions prediction NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 625 2 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 625 3 that that DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 625 4 agreement agreement NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 625 5 will will MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 625 6 not not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 625 7 likely likely RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 625 8 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 625 9 forthcoming forthcoming JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 625 10 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 625 11 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 625 12 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 625 13 legal legal JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 625 14 wrangling wrangling NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 625 15 will will MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 625 16 continue continue VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 625 17 into into IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 625 18 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 625 19 future future NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 625 20 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 626 1 Bringing bring VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 626 2 animals animal NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 626 3 into into IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 626 4 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 626 5 field field NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 626 6 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 626 7 controversy controversy NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 626 8 starting start VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 626 9 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 626 10 swirl swirl VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 626 11 around around RP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 626 12 GMOs gmo NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 626 13 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 626 14 preceding precede VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 626 15 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 626 16 latter latter NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 626 17 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 626 18 commercialization commercialization NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 626 19 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 626 20 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 626 21 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 626 22 approval approval NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 626 23 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 626 24 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 626 25 FDA FDA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 626 26 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 626 27 bovine bovine JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 626 28 somatotropin somatotropin NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 626 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 626 30 BST BST NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 626 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 626 32 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 626 33 increased increase VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 626 34 milk milk NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 626 35 production production NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 626 36 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 626 37 dairy dairy NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 626 38 cows cow NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 626 39 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 627 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 627 2 FDA FDA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 627 3 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 627 4 Center Center NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 627 5 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 627 6 Veterinary Veterinary NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 627 7 Medicine Medicine NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 627 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 627 9 CVM CVM NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 627 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 627 11 regulates regulate VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 627 12 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 627 13 manufacture manufacture NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 627 14 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 627 15 distribution distribution NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 627 16 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 627 17 food food NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 627 18 additives additive NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 627 19 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 627 20 drugs drug NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 627 21 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 627 22 will will MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 627 23 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 627 24 given give VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 627 25 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 627 26 animals animal NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 627 27 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 628 1 Biotechnology biotechnology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 628 2 products product NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 628 3 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 628 4 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 628 5 growing grow VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 628 6 proportion proportion NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 628 7 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 628 8 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 628 9 animal animal NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 628 10 health health NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 628 11 products product NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 628 12 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 628 13 feed feed VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 628 14 components component NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 628 15 regulated regulate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 628 16 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 628 17 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 628 18 CVM CVM NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 628 19 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 629 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 629 2 Center Center NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 629 3 requires require VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 629 4 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 629 5 food food NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 629 6 products product NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 629 7 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 629 8 treated treat VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 629 9 animals animal NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 629 10 must must MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 629 11 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 629 12 shown show VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 629 13 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 629 14 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 629 15 safe safe JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 629 16 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 629 17 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 629 18 consumption consumption NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 629 19 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 630 1 Applicants applicant NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 630 2 must must MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 630 3 show show VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 630 4 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 630 5 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 630 6 drug drug NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 630 7 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 630 8 effective effective JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 630 9 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 630 10 safe safe JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 630 11 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 630 12 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 630 13 animal animal NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 630 14 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 630 15 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 630 16 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 630 17 manufacture manufacture NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 630 18 will will MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 630 19 not not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 630 20 affect affect VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 630 21 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 630 22 environment environment NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 630 23 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 631 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 631 2 must must MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 631 3 also also RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 631 4 conduct conduct VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 631 5 geographically geographically RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 631 6 dispersed disperse VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 631 7 clinical clinical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 631 8 trials trial NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 631 9 under under IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 631 10 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 631 11 Investigational Investigational NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 631 12 New New NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 631 13 Animal Animal NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 631 14 Drug Drug NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 631 15 application application NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 631 16 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 631 17 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 631 18 FDA FDA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 631 19 through through IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 631 20 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 631 21 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 631 22 agency agency NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 631 23 controls control VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 631 24 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 631 25 use use NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 631 26 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 631 27 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 631 28 unapproved unapproved JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 631 29 compound compound NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 631 30 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 631 31 food food NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 631 32 animals animal NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 631 33 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 632 1 Unlike unlike IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 632 2 within within IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 632 3 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 632 4 EU EU NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 632 5 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 632 6 possible possible JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 632 7 economic economic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 632 8 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 632 9 social social JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 632 10 issues issue NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 632 11 can can MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 632 12 not not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 632 13 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 632 14 taken take VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 632 15 into into IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 632 16 consideration consideration NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 632 17 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 632 18 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 632 19 FDA FDA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 632 20 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 632 21 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 632 22 premarket premarket NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 632 23 drug drug NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 632 24 approval approval NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 632 25 process process NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 632 26 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 633 1 Under under IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 633 2 these these DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 633 3 considerations consideration NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 633 4 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 633 5 safety safety NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 633 6 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 633 7 efficacy efficacy NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 633 8 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 633 9 rBST rbst NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 633 10 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 633 11 determined determine VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 633 12 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 634 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 634 2 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 634 3 also also RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 634 4 determined determine VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 634 5 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 634 6 special special JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 634 7 labeling labeling NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 634 8 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 634 9 milk milk NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 634 10 derived derive VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 634 11 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 634 12 cows cow NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 634 13 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 634 14 had have VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 634 15 been be VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 634 16 treated treat VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 634 17 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 634 18 rBST rbst JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 634 19 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 634 20 not not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 634 21 required require VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 634 22 under under IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 634 23 FDA FDA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 634 24 food food NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 634 25 labeling labeling NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 634 26 laws law NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 634 27 because because IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 634 28 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 634 29 use use NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 634 30 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 634 31 rBST rbst NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 634 32 does do VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 634 33 not not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 634 34 effect effect VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 634 35 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 634 36 quality quality NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 634 37 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 634 38 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 634 39 composition composition NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 634 40 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 634 41 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 634 42 milk milk NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 634 43 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 635 1 Work work VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 635 2 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 635 3 fish fish NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 635 4 proceeded proceed VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 635 5 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 635 6 pace pace NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 635 7 throughout throughout IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 635 8 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 635 9 decade decade NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 635 10 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 636 1 Gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 636 2 transfer transfer NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 636 3 techniques technique NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 636 4 have have VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 636 5 been be VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 636 6 applied apply VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 636 7 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 636 8 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 636 9 large large JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 636 10 number number NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 636 11 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 636 12 aquatic aquatic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 636 13 organisms organism NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 636 14 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 636 15 both both DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 636 16 vertebrates vertebrate NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 636 17 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 636 18 invertebrates invertebrate NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 636 19 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 637 1 Gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 637 2 transfer transfer NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 637 3 experiments experiment NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 637 4 have have VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 637 5 targeted target VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 637 6 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 637 7 wide wide JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 637 8 variety variety NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 637 9 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 637 10 applications application NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 637 11 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 637 12 including include VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 637 13 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 637 14 study study NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 637 15 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 637 16 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 637 17 structure structure NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 637 18 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 637 19 function function NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 637 20 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 637 21 aquaculture aquaculture NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 637 22 production production NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 637 23 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 637 24 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 637 25 use use VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 637 26 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 637 27 fisheries fishery NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 637 28 management management NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 637 29 programs program NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 637 30 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 638 1 Because because IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 638 2 fish fish NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 638 3 have have VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 638 4 high high JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 638 5 fecundity fecundity NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 638 6 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 638 7 large large JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 638 8 eggs egg NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 638 9 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 638 10 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 638 11 do do VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 638 12 not not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 638 13 require require VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 638 14 reimplantation reimplantation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 638 15 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 638 16 embryos embryo NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 638 17 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 638 18 transgenic transgenic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 638 19 fish fish NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 638 20 prove prove VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 638 21 attractive attractive JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 638 22 model model NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 638 23 systems system NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 638 24 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 638 25 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 638 26 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 638 27 study study VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 638 28 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 638 29 expression expression NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 638 30 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 639 1 Transgenic transgenic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 639 2 zebrafish zebrafish NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 639 3 have have VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 639 4 found find VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 639 5 utility utility NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 639 6 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 639 7 studies study NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 639 8 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 639 9 embryogenesis embryogenesis NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 639 10 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 639 11 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 639 12 expression expression NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 639 13 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 639 14 transgenes transgene NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 639 15 marking mark VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 639 16 cell cell NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 639 17 lineages lineage NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 639 18 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 639 19 providing provide VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 639 20 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 639 21 basis basis NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 639 22 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 639 23 study study NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 639 24 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 639 25 promoter promoter NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 639 26 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 639 27 structural structural JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 639 28 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 639 29 function function NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 639 30 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 640 1 Although although IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 640 2 not not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 640 3 as as RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 640 4 widely widely RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 640 5 used use VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 640 6 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 640 7 zebrafish zebrafish NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 640 8 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 640 9 transgenic transgenic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 640 10 medaka medaka NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 640 11 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 640 12 goldfish goldfish NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 640 13 have have VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 640 14 been be VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 640 15 used use VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 640 16 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 640 17 studies study NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 640 18 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 640 19 promoter promoter NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 640 20 function function NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 640 21 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 641 1 This this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 641 2 body body NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 641 3 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 641 4 research research NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 641 5 indicates indicate VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 641 6 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 641 7 transgenic transgenic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 641 8 fish fish NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 641 9 provide provide VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 641 10 useful useful JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 641 11 models model NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 641 12 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 641 13 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 641 14 expression expression NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 641 15 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 641 16 reliably reliably RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 641 17 modeling model VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 641 18 that that DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 641 19 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 641 20 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 641 21 higher high JJR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 641 22 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 641 23 vertebrates vertebrate NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 641 24 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 642 1 Perhaps perhaps RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 642 2 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 642 3 largest large JJS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 642 4 number number NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 642 5 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 642 6 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 642 7 transfer transfer NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 642 8 experiments experiment NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 642 9 address address VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 642 10 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 642 11 goal goal NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 642 12 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 642 13 genetic genetic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 642 14 improvement improvement NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 642 15 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 642 16 aquaculture aquaculture NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 642 17 production production NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 642 18 purposes purpose NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 642 19 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 643 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 643 2 principal principal JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 643 3 area area NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 643 4 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 643 5 research research NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 643 6 has have VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 643 7 focused focus VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 643 8 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 643 9 growth growth NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 643 10 performance performance NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 643 11 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 643 12 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 643 13 initial initial JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 643 14 transgenic transgenic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 643 15 growth growth NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 643 16 hormone hormone NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 643 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 643 18 GH gh NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 643 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 643 20 fish fish NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 643 21 models model NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 643 22 have have VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 643 23 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 643 24 accelerated accelerate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 643 25 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 643 26 beneficial beneficial JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 643 27 phenotypes phenotype NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 643 28 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 644 1 DNA dna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 644 2 microinjection microinjection NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 644 3 methods method NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 644 4 have have VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 644 5 propelled propel VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 644 6 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 644 7 many many JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 644 8 studies study NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 644 9 reported report VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 644 10 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 644 11 have have VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 644 12 been be VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 644 13 most most RBS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 644 14 effective effective JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 644 15 due due IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 644 16 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 644 17 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 644 18 relative relative JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 644 19 ease ease NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 644 20 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 644 21 working work VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 644 22 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 644 23 fish fish NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 644 24 embryos embryo NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 644 25 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 645 1 Bob Bob NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 645 2 Devlins Devlins NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 645 3 ' ' POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 645 4 group group NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 645 5 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 645 6 Vancouver Vancouver NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 645 7 has have VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 645 8 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 645 9 extraordinary extraordinary JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 645 10 growth growth NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 645 11 rate rate NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 645 12 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 645 13 coho coho NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 645 14 salmon salmon NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 645 15 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 645 16 were be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 645 17 transformed transform VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 645 18 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 645 19 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 645 20 growth growth NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 645 21 hormone hormone NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 645 22 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 645 23 sockeye sockeye NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 645 24 salmon salmon NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 645 25 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 646 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 646 2 transgenics transgenic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 646 3 achieve achieve VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 646 4 up up IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 646 5 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 646 6 eleven eleven CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 646 7 times time NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 646 8 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 646 9 size size NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 646 10 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 646 11 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 646 12 littermates littermate NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 646 13 within within IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 646 14 six six CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 646 15 months month NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 646 16 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 646 17 reaching reach VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 646 18 maturity maturity NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 646 19 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 646 20 about about IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 646 21 half half PDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 646 22 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 646 23 time time NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 646 24 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 647 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 647 2 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 647 3 dramatic dramatic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 647 4 effect effect NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 647 5 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 647 6 only only RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 647 7 observed observe VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 647 8 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 647 9 feeding feed VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 647 10 pins pin NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 647 11 where where WRB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 647 12 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 647 13 transgenics transgenic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 647 14 ' ' POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 647 15 ferocious ferocious JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 647 16 appetites appetite NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 647 17 demands demand VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 647 18 constant constant JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 647 19 feeding feeding NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 647 20 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 648 1 If if IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 648 2 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 648 3 fish fish NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 648 4 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 648 5 left leave VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 648 6 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 648 7 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 648 8 own own JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 648 9 devices device NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 648 10 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 648 11 must must MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 648 12 forage forage VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 648 13 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 648 14 themselves -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 648 15 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 648 16 they -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 648 17 appear appear VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 648 18 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 648 19 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 648 20 out out RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 648 21 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 648 22 competed compete VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 648 23 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 648 24 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 648 25 smarter smart JJR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 648 26 siblings sibling NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 648 27 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 649 1 However however RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 649 2 most most JJS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 649 3 studies study NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 649 4 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 649 5 such such JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 649 6 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 649 7 those those DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 649 8 involving involve VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 649 9 transgenic transgenic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 649 10 Atlantic Atlantic NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 649 11 salmon salmon NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 649 12 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 649 13 channel channel NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 649 14 catfish catfish NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 649 15 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 649 16 report report VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 649 17 growth growth NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 649 18 rate rate NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 649 19 enhancement enhancement NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 649 20 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 649 21 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 649 22 order order NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 649 23 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 649 24 30 30 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 649 25 - - SYM cord-016293-pyb00pt5 649 26 60 60 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 649 27 % % NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 649 28 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 650 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 650 2 addition addition NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 650 3 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 650 4 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 650 5 species specie NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 650 6 mentioned mention VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 650 7 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 650 8 GH GH NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 650 9 genes gene NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 650 10 also also RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 650 11 have have VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 650 12 been be VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 650 13 transferred transfer VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 650 14 into into IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 650 15 striped striped JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 650 16 bass bass NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 650 17 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 650 18 tilapia tilapia NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 650 19 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 650 20 rainbow rainbow NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 650 21 trout trout NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 650 22 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 650 23 gilthead gilthead NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 650 24 sea sea NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 650 25 bream bream NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 650 26 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 650 27 common common JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 650 28 carp carp NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 650 29 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 650 30 bluntnose bluntnose NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 650 31 bream bream NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 650 32 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 650 33 loach loach NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 650 34 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 650 35 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 650 36 other other JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 650 37 fishes fish NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 650 38 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 651 1 Shellfish shellfish NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 651 2 also also RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 651 3 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 651 4 subject subject JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 651 5 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 651 6 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 651 7 transfer transfer NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 651 8 toward toward IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 651 9 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 651 10 goal goal NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 651 11 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 651 12 intensifying intensify VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 651 13 aquaculture aquaculture NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 651 14 production production NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 651 15 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 652 1 Growth growth NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 652 2 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 652 3 abalone abalone NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 652 4 expressing express VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 652 5 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 652 6 introduced introduce VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 652 7 GH GH NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 652 8 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 652 9 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 652 10 being be VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 652 11 evaluated evaluate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 652 12 ; ; : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 652 13 accelerated accelerated JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 652 14 growth growth NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 652 15 would would MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 652 16 prove prove VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 652 17 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 652 18 boon boon NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 652 19 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 652 20 culture culture NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 652 21 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 652 22 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 652 23 slowgrowing slowgrowe VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 652 24 mollusk mollusk NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 652 25 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 653 1 A a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 653 2 marker marker NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 653 3 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 653 4 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 653 5 introduced introduce VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 653 6 successfully successfully RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 653 7 into into IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 653 8 giant giant JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 653 9 prawn prawn NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 653 10 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 653 11 demonstrating demonstrate VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 653 12 feasibility feasibility NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 653 13 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 653 14 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 653 15 transfer transfer NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 653 16 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 653 17 crustaceans crustacean NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 653 18 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 653 19 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 653 20 opening open VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 653 21 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 653 22 possibility possibility NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 653 23 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 653 24 work work NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 653 25 involving involve VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 653 26 genes gene NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 653 27 affecting affect VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 653 28 economically economically RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 653 29 important important JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 653 30 traits trait NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 653 31 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 654 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 654 2 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 654 3 ornamental ornamental JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 654 4 fish fish NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 654 5 sector sector NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 654 6 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 654 7 aquaculture aquaculture NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 654 8 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 654 9 ongoing ongoing JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 654 10 work work NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 654 11 addresses address VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 654 12 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 654 13 development development NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 654 14 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 654 15 fish fish NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 654 16 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 654 17 unique unique JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 654 18 coloring coloring NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 654 19 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 654 20 patterning patterning NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 654 21 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 655 1 A a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 655 2 number number NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 655 3 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 655 4 companies company NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 655 5 have have VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 655 6 been be VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 655 7 founded found VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 655 8 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 655 9 pursue pursue VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 655 10 commercialization commercialization NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 655 11 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 655 12 transgenics transgenic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 655 13 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 655 14 aquaculture aquaculture NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 655 15 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 656 1 As as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 656 2 most most JJS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 656 3 aquaculture aquaculture NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 656 4 species specie NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 656 5 mature mature VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 656 6 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 656 7 2 2 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 656 8 - - SYM cord-016293-pyb00pt5 656 9 3 3 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 656 10 years year NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 656 11 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 656 12 age age NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 656 13 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 656 14 most most JJS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 656 15 transgenic transgenic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 656 16 lines line NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 656 17 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 656 18 still still RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 656 19 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 656 20 development development NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 656 21 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 656 22 have have VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 656 23 yet yet RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 656 24 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 656 25 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 656 26 tested test VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 656 27 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 656 28 performance performance NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 656 29 under under IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 656 30 culture culture NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 656 31 conditions condition NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 656 32 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 657 1 Extending extend VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 657 2 earlier early JJR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 657 3 research research NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 657 4 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 657 5 identified identify VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 657 6 methylfarnesoate methylfarnesoate JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 657 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 657 8 MF MF NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 657 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 657 10 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 657 11 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 657 12 juvenile juvenile JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 657 13 hormone hormone NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 657 14 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 657 15 crustaceans crustacean NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 657 16 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 657 17 determined determine VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 657 18 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 657 19 role role NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 657 20 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 657 21 reproduction reproduction NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 657 22 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 657 23 researchers researcher NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 657 24 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 657 25 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 657 26 University University NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 657 27 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 657 28 Connecticut Connecticut NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 657 29 have have VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 657 30 developed develop VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 657 31 technology technology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 657 32 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 657 33 synchronize synchronize VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 657 34 shrimp shrimp NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 657 35 egg egg NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 657 36 production production NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 657 37 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 657 38 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 657 39 increase increase VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 657 40 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 657 41 number number NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 657 42 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 657 43 quality quality NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 657 44 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 657 45 eggs egg NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 657 46 produced produce VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 657 47 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 658 1 Females female NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 658 2 injected inject VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 658 3 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 658 4 MF MF NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 658 5 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 658 6 stimulated stimulate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 658 7 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 658 8 produce produce VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 658 9 eggs egg NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 658 10 ready ready JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 658 11 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 658 12 fertilization fertilization NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 658 13 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 659 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 659 2 procedure procedure NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 659 3 produces produce VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 659 4 180 180 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 659 5 percent percent NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 659 6 more more JJR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 659 7 eggs egg NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 659 8 than than IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 659 9 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 659 10 traditional traditional JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 659 11 crude crude JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 659 12 method method NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 659 13 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 659 14 removing remove VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 659 15 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 659 16 eyestalk eyestalk NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 659 17 gland gland NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 659 18 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 660 1 This this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 660 2 will will MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 660 3 increase increase VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 660 4 aquaculture aquaculture NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 660 5 efficiency efficiency NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 660 6 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 661 1 A a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 661 2 number number NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 661 3 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 661 4 experiments experiment NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 661 5 utilize utilize VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 661 6 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 661 7 transfer transfer NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 661 8 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 661 9 develop develop VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 661 10 genetic genetic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 661 11 lines line NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 661 12 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 661 13 potential potential JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 661 14 utility utility NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 661 15 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 661 16 fisheries fishery NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 661 17 management management NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 661 18 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 662 1 Transfer transfer NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 662 2 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 662 3 GH GH NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 662 4 genes gene NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 662 5 into into IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 662 6 northern northern JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 662 7 pike pike NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 662 8 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 662 9 walleye walleye NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 662 10 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 662 11 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 662 12 largemouth largemouth NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 662 13 bass bass NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 662 14 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 662 15 aimed aim VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 662 16 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 662 17 improving improve VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 662 18 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 662 19 growth growth NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 662 20 rate rate NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 662 21 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 662 22 sport sport NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 662 23 fishes fish NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 662 24 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 663 1 Gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 663 2 transfer transfer NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 663 3 has have VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 663 4 been be VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 663 5 posed pose VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 663 6 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 663 7 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 663 8 option option NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 663 9 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 663 10 reducing reduce VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 663 11 losses loss NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 663 12 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 663 13 rainbow rainbow NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 663 14 trout trout NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 663 15 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 663 16 whirling whirl VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 663 17 disease disease NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 663 18 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 663 19 although although IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 663 20 suitable suitable JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 663 21 candidate candidate NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 663 22 genes gene NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 663 23 have have VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 663 24 yet yet RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 663 25 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 663 26 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 663 27 identified identify VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 663 28 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 664 1 Richard Richard NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 664 2 Winn Winn NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 664 3 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 664 4 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 664 5 University University NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 664 6 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 664 7 Georgia Georgia NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 664 8 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 664 9 developing develop VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 664 10 transgenic transgenic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 664 11 killifish killifish NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 664 12 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 664 13 medaka medaka NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 664 14 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 664 15 biomonitors biomonitor NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 664 16 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 664 17 environmental environmental JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 664 18 mutagens mutagen NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 664 19 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 664 20 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 664 21 carry carry VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 664 22 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 664 23 bacteriophage bacteriophage NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 664 24 phi phi NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 664 25 X X NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 664 26 174 174 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 664 27 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 664 28 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 664 29 target target NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 664 30 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 664 31 mutation mutation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 664 32 detection detection NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 664 33 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 665 1 Development development NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 665 2 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 665 3 transgenic transgenic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 665 4 lines line NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 665 5 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 665 6 fisheries fisheries NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 665 7 management management NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 665 8 applications application NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 665 9 generally generally RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 665 10 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 665 11 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 665 12 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 665 13 early early JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 665 14 stage stage NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 665 15 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 665 16 often often RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 665 17 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 665 18 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 665 19 founder founder NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 665 20 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 665 21 F1 F1 NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 665 22 generation generation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 665 23 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 666 1 Broad broad JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 666 2 application application NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 666 3 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 666 4 transgenic transgenic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 666 5 aquatic aquatic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 666 6 organisms organism NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 666 7 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 666 8 aquaculture aquaculture NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 666 9 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 666 10 fisheries fishery NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 666 11 management management NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 666 12 will will MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 666 13 depend depend VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 666 14 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 666 15 showing show VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 666 16 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 666 17 particular particular JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 666 18 GMOs GMOs NNPS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 666 19 can can MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 666 20 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 666 21 used use VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 666 22 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 666 23 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 666 24 environment environment NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 666 25 both both CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 666 26 effectively effectively RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 666 27 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 666 28 safely safely RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 666 29 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 667 1 Although although IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 667 2 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 667 3 base base NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 667 4 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 667 5 knowledge knowledge NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 667 6 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 667 7 assessing assess VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 667 8 ecological ecological JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 667 9 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 667 10 genetic genetic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 667 11 safety safety NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 667 12 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 667 13 aquatic aquatic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 667 14 GMOs GMOs NNPS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 667 15 currently currently RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 667 16 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 667 17 limited limit VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 667 18 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 667 19 some some DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 667 20 early early JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 667 21 studies study NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 667 22 supported support VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 667 23 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 667 24 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 667 25 USDA USDA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 667 26 biotechnology biotechnology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 667 27 risk risk NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 667 28 assessment assessment NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 667 29 program program NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 667 30 have have VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 667 31 yielded yield VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 667 32 results result NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 667 33 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 668 1 Data datum NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 668 2 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 668 3 outdoor outdoor JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 668 4 pond pond NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 668 5 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 668 6 based base VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 668 7 studies study NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 668 8 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 668 9 transgenic transgenic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 668 10 catfish catfish NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 668 11 reported report VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 668 12 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 668 13 Rex Rex NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 668 14 Dunham Dunham NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 668 15 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 668 16 Auburn Auburn NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 668 17 University University NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 668 18 show show VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 668 19 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 668 20 transgenic transgenic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 668 21 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 668 22 non non JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 668 23 - - JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 668 24 transgenic transgenic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 668 25 individuals individual NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 668 26 interbreed interbreed VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 668 27 freely freely RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 668 28 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 668 29 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 668 30 survival survival NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 668 31 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 668 32 growth growth NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 668 33 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 668 34 transgenics transgenic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 668 35 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 668 36 unfed unfed JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 668 37 ponds pond NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 668 38 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 668 39 equal equal JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 668 40 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 668 41 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 668 42 less less JJR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 668 43 than than IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 668 44 that that DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 668 45 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 668 46 non non JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 668 47 - - NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 668 48 transgenics transgenic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 668 49 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 668 50 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 668 51 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 668 52 predator predator NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 668 53 avoidance avoidance NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 668 54 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 668 55 not not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 668 56 affected affect VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 668 57 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 668 58 expression expression NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 668 59 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 668 60 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 668 61 transgene transgene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 668 62 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 1 However however RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 2 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 3 unquestionably unquestionably RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 4 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 5 seminal seminal JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 6 event event NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 7 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 8 animal animal NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 9 biotech biotech NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 10 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 11 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 12 nineties ninety NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 13 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 14 Ian Ian NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 15 Wilmut Wilmut NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 16 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 17 landmark landmark NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 18 work work NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 19 using use VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 20 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 21 transfer transfer NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 22 technology technology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 23 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 24 generate generate VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 25 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 26 lambs lamb NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 27 Morag Morag NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 28 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 29 Megan Megan NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 30 reported report VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 31 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 32 1996 1996 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 34 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 35 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 36 embryonic embryonic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 37 cell cell NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 38 nuclei nucleus NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 40 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 41 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 42 truly truly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 43 ground ground NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 44 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 45 breaking break VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 46 work work NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 47 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 48 creating create VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 49 Dolly Dolly NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 50 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 51 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 52 adult adult NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 53 somatic somatic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 54 cell cell NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 55 nucleus nucleus NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 56 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 57 reported report VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 58 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 59 February February NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 60 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 61 1997 1997 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 62 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 63 Wilmut Wilmut NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 64 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 65 1997 1997 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 66 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 669 67 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 670 1 Wilmut Wilmut NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 670 2 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 670 3 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 670 4 colleagues colleague NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 670 5 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 670 6 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 670 7 Roslin Roslin NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 670 8 Institute Institute NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 670 9 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 670 10 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 670 11 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 670 12 first first JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 670 13 time time NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 670 14 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 670 15 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 670 16 birth birth NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 670 17 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 670 18 Dolly Dolly NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 670 19 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 670 20 sheep sheep NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 670 21 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 670 22 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 670 23 nucleus nucleus NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 670 24 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 670 25 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 670 26 adult adult NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 670 27 somatic somatic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 670 28 cell cell NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 670 29 can can MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 670 30 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 670 31 transferred transfer VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 670 32 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 670 33 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 670 34 enucleated enucleated JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 670 35 egg egg NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 670 36 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 670 37 create create VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 670 38 cloned clone VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 670 39 offspring offspring NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 670 40 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 671 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 671 2 had have VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 671 3 been be VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 671 4 assumed assume VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 671 5 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 671 6 some some DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 671 7 time time NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 671 8 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 671 9 only only JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 671 10 embryonic embryonic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 671 11 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 671 12 could could MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 671 13 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 671 14 used use VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 671 15 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 671 16 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 671 17 cellular cellular JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 671 18 source source NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 671 19 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 671 20 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 671 21 transfer transfer NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 671 22 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 672 1 This this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 672 2 assumption assumption NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 672 3 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 672 4 shattered shatter VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 672 5 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 672 6 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 672 7 birth birth NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 672 8 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 672 9 Dolly Dolly NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 672 10 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 673 1 This this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 673 2 example example NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 673 3 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 673 4 cloning clone VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 673 5 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 673 6 animal animal NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 673 7 using use VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 673 8 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 673 9 nucleus nucleus NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 673 10 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 673 11 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 673 12 adult adult NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 673 13 cell cell NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 673 14 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 673 15 significant significant JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 673 16 because because IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 673 17 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 673 18 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 673 19 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 673 20 ability ability NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 673 21 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 673 22 egg egg NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 673 23 cell cell NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 673 24 cytoplasm cytoplasm NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 673 25 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 673 26 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 673 27 reprogram reprogram VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 673 28 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 673 29 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 673 30 adult adult NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 673 31 nucleus nucleus NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 673 32 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 674 1 When when WRB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 674 2 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 674 3 differentiate differentiate VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 674 4 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 674 5 that that RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 674 6 is is RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 674 7 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 674 8 evolve evolve VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 674 9 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 674 10 primitive primitive JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 674 11 embryonic embryonic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 674 12 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 674 13 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 674 14 functionally functionally RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 674 15 defined define VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 674 16 adult adult NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 674 17 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 674 18 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 674 19 they -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 674 20 lose lose VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 674 21 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 674 22 ability ability NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 674 23 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 674 24 express express VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 674 25 most most JJS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 674 26 genes gene NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 674 27 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 674 28 can can MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 674 29 only only RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 674 30 express express VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 674 31 those those DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 674 32 genes gene NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 674 33 necessary necessary JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 674 34 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 674 35 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 674 36 cell cell NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 674 37 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 674 38 differentiated differentiated JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 674 39 function function NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 674 40 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 675 1 For for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 675 2 example example NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 675 3 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 675 4 skin skin NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 675 5 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 675 6 only only RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 675 7 express express VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 675 8 genes gene NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 675 9 necessary necessary JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 675 10 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 675 11 skin skin NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 675 12 function function NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 675 13 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 675 14 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 675 15 brain brain NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 675 16 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 675 17 only only RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 675 18 express express VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 675 19 genes gene NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 675 20 necessary necessary JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 675 21 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 675 22 brain brain NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 675 23 function function NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 675 24 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 676 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 676 2 procedure procedure NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 676 3 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 676 4 produced produce VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 676 5 Dolly Dolly NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 676 6 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 676 7 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 676 8 egg egg NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 676 9 cytoplasm cytoplasm NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 676 10 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 676 11 capable capable JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 676 12 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 676 13 reprogramming reprogramme VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 676 14 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 676 15 adult adult NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 676 16 differentiated differentiated JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 676 17 cell cell NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 676 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 676 19 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 676 20 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 676 21 only only RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 676 22 expressing express VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 676 23 genes gene NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 676 24 related relate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 676 25 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 676 26 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 676 27 function function NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 676 28 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 676 29 that that DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 676 30 cell cell NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 676 31 type type NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 676 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 676 33 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 677 1 This this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 677 2 reprogramming reprogramming NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 677 3 enables enable VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 677 4 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 677 5 differentiated differentiated JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 677 6 cell cell NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 677 7 nucleus nucleus NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 677 8 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 677 9 once once RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 677 10 again again RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 677 11 express express VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 677 12 all all PDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 677 13 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 677 14 genes gene NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 677 15 required require VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 677 16 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 677 17 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 677 18 full full JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 677 19 embryonic embryonic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 677 20 development development NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 677 21 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 677 22 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 677 23 adult adult NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 677 24 animal animal NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 677 25 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 678 1 Since since IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 678 2 Dolly Dolly NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 678 3 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 678 4 cloned clone VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 678 5 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 678 6 similar similar JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 678 7 techniques technique NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 678 8 have have VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 678 9 been be VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 678 10 used use VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 678 11 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 678 12 clone clone VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 678 13 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 678 14 veritable veritable JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 678 15 zoo zoo NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 678 16 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 678 17 vertebrates vertebrate NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 678 18 including include VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 678 19 mice mouse NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 678 20 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 678 21 cattle cattle NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 678 22 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 678 23 rabbitts rabbitt NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 678 24 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 678 25 mules mule NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 678 26 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 678 27 horses horse NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 678 28 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 678 29 fish fish NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 678 30 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 678 31 cats cat NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 678 32 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 678 33 dogs dog NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 678 34 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 678 35 donor donor NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 678 36 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 678 37 obtained obtain VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 678 38 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 678 39 adult adult NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 678 40 animals animal NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 678 41 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 679 1 These these DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 679 2 spectacular spectacular JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 679 3 examples example NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 679 4 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 679 5 cloning clone VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 679 6 normal normal JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 679 7 animals animal NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 679 8 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 679 9 fully fully RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 679 10 differentiated differentiate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 679 11 adult adult NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 679 12 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 679 13 demonstrate demonstrate VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 679 14 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 679 15 universality universality NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 679 16 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 679 17 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 679 18 reprogramming reprogramming NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 679 19 although although IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 679 20 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 679 21 next next JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 679 22 decade decade NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 679 23 called call VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 679 24 some some DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 679 25 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 679 26 these these DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 679 27 assumptions assumption NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 679 28 into into IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 679 29 question question NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 679 30 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 680 1 This this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 680 2 technology technology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 680 3 supports support VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 680 4 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 680 5 production production NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 680 6 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 680 7 genetically genetically RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 680 8 identical identical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 680 9 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 680 10 genetically genetically RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 680 11 modified modify VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 680 12 animals animal NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 680 13 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 681 1 Thus thus RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 681 2 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 681 3 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 681 4 successful successful JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 681 5 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 681 6 cloning clone VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 681 7 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 681 8 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 681 9 Dolly Dolly NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 681 10 has have VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 681 11 captured capture VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 681 12 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 681 13 imagination imagination NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 681 14 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 681 15 researchers researcher NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 681 16 around around IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 681 17 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 681 18 world world NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 681 19 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 682 1 This this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 682 2 technological technological JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 682 3 breakthrough breakthrough NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 682 4 should should MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 682 5 play play VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 682 6 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 682 7 significant significant JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 682 8 role role NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 682 9 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 682 10 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 682 11 development development NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 682 12 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 682 13 new new JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 682 14 procedures procedure NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 682 15 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 682 16 genetic genetic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 682 17 engineering engineering NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 682 18 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 682 19 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 682 20 number number NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 682 21 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 682 22 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 682 23 species specie NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 682 24 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 683 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 683 2 should should MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 683 3 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 683 4 noted note VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 683 5 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 683 6 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 683 7 cloning cloning NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 683 8 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 683 9 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 683 10 nuclei nucleus NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 683 11 obtained obtain VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 683 12 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 683 13 either either DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 683 14 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 683 15 stem stem NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 683 16 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 683 17 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 683 18 differentiated differentiate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 683 19 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 683 20 adult adult NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 683 21 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 683 22 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 683 23 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 683 24 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 683 25 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 683 26 especially especially RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 683 27 important important JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 683 28 development development NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 683 29 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 683 30 transgenic transgenic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 683 31 animal animal NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 683 32 research research NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 683 33 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 684 1 As as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 684 2 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 684 3 decade decade NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 684 4 reached reach VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 684 5 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 684 6 end end NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 684 7 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 684 8 clones clone NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 684 9 began begin VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 684 10 arriving arrive VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 684 11 rapidly rapidly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 684 12 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 684 13 specific specific JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 684 14 advances advance NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 684 15 made make VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 684 16 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 684 17 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 684 18 Japanese japanese JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 684 19 group group NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 684 20 who who WP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 684 21 used use VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 684 22 cumulus cumulus NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 684 23 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 684 24 rather rather RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 684 25 than than IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 684 26 fibroblasts fibroblast NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 684 27 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 684 28 clone clone VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 684 29 calves calf NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 684 30 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 685 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 685 2 found find VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 685 3 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 685 4 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 685 5 percentage percentage NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 685 6 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 685 7 cultured cultured JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 685 8 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 685 9 reconstructed reconstruct VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 685 10 eggs egg NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 685 11 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 685 12 developed develop VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 685 13 into into IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 685 14 blastocysts blastocyst NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 685 15 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 685 16 49 49 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 685 17 % % NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 685 18 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 685 19 cumulus cumulus NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 685 20 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 685 21 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 685 22 23 23 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 685 23 % % NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 685 24 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 685 25 oviductal oviductal JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 685 26 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 685 27 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 686 1 These these DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 686 2 rates rate NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 686 3 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 686 4 higher high JJR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 686 5 than than IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 686 6 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 686 7 12 12 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 686 8 % % NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 686 9 previously previously RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 686 10 reported report VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 686 11 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 686 12 transfer transfer NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 686 13 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 686 14 nuclei nucleus NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 686 15 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 686 16 bovine bovine JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 686 17 fetal fetal JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 686 18 fibroblasts fibroblast NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 686 19 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 687 1 Following follow VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 687 2 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 687 3 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 687 4 heels heel NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 687 5 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 687 6 Dolly Dolly NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 687 7 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 687 8 Polly Polly NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 687 9 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 687 10 Molly Molly NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 687 11 became become VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 687 12 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 687 13 first first JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 687 14 genetically genetically RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 687 15 engineered engineer VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 687 16 transgenic transgenic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 687 17 sheep sheep NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 687 18 produced produce VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 687 19 through through IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 687 20 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 687 21 transfer transfer NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 687 22 technology technology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 687 23 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 688 1 Polly Polly NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 688 2 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 688 3 Molly Molly NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 688 4 were be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 688 5 engineered engineer VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 688 6 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 688 7 produce produce VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 688 8 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 688 9 factor factor NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 688 10 IX IX NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 688 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 688 12 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 688 13 hemophiliacs hemophiliac NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 688 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 688 15 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 688 16 transfer transfer NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 688 17 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 688 18 nuclei nucleus NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 688 19 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 688 20 transfected transfecte VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 688 21 fetal fetal JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 688 22 fibroblasts fibroblast NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 688 23 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 689 1 Until until IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 689 2 then then RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 689 3 germline germline JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 689 4 competent competent JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 689 5 transgenics transgenic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 689 6 had have VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 689 7 only only RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 689 8 been be VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 689 9 produced produce VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 689 10 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 689 11 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 689 12 species specie NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 689 13 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 689 14 other other JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 689 15 than than IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 689 16 mice mouse NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 689 17 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 689 18 using use VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 689 19 DNA dna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 689 20 microinjection microinjection NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 689 21 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 690 1 Researchers researcher NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 690 2 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 690 3 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 690 4 University University NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 690 5 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 690 6 Massachusetts Massachusetts NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 690 7 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 690 8 Advanced Advanced NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 690 9 Cell Cell NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 690 10 Technology Technology NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 690 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 690 12 Worcester Worcester NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 690 13 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 690 14 MA MA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 690 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 690 16 teamed team VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 690 17 up up RP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 690 18 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 690 19 produce produce VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 690 20 genetically genetically RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 690 21 identical identical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 690 22 calves calf NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 690 23 utilizing utilize VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 690 24 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 690 25 strategy strategy NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 690 26 similar similar JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 690 27 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 690 28 that that DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 690 29 used use VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 690 30 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 690 31 produce produce VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 690 32 transgenic transgenic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 690 33 sheep sheep NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 690 34 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 691 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 691 2 contrast contrast NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 691 3 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 691 4 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 691 5 sheep sheep NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 691 6 cloning clone VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 691 7 experiment experiment NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 691 8 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 691 9 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 691 10 bovine bovine JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 691 11 experiment experiment NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 691 12 involved involve VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 691 13 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 691 14 transfer transfer NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 691 15 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 691 16 nuclei nucleus NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 691 17 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 691 18 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 691 19 actively actively RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 691 20 dividing divide VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 691 21 population population NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 691 22 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 691 23 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 691 24 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 692 1 Previous previous JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 692 2 results result NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 692 3 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 692 4 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 692 5 sheep sheep NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 692 6 experiments experiment NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 692 7 suggested suggest VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 692 8 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 692 9 induction induction NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 692 10 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 692 11 quiescence quiescence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 692 12 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 692 13 serum serum NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 692 14 starvation starvation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 692 15 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 692 16 required require VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 692 17 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 692 18 reprogram reprogram VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 692 19 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 692 20 donor donor NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 692 21 nuclei nucleus NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 692 22 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 692 23 successful successful JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 692 24 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 692 25 transfer transfer NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 692 26 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 693 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 693 2 current current JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 693 3 bovine bovine JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 693 4 experiments experiment NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 693 5 indicate indicate VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 693 6 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 693 7 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 693 8 step step NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 693 9 may may MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 693 10 not not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 693 11 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 693 12 necessary necessary JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 693 13 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 694 1 Typically typically RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 694 2 about about IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 694 3 500 500 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 694 4 embryos embryo NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 694 5 needed need VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 694 6 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 694 7 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 694 8 microinjected microinjecte VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 694 9 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 694 10 obtain obtain VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 694 11 one one CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 694 12 transgenic transgenic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 694 13 cow cow NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 694 14 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 694 15 whereas whereas IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 694 16 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 694 17 transfer transfer NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 694 18 produced produce VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 694 19 three three CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 694 20 transgenic transgenic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 694 21 calves calf NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 694 22 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 694 23 276 276 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 694 24 reconstructed reconstruct VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 694 25 embryos embryo NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 694 26 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 695 1 This this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 695 2 efficiency efficiency NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 695 3 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 695 4 comparable comparable JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 695 5 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 695 6 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 695 7 previous previous JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 695 8 sheep sheep NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 695 9 research research NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 695 10 where where WRB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 695 11 six six CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 695 12 transgenic transgenic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 695 13 lambs lamb NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 695 14 were be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 695 15 produced produce VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 695 16 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 695 17 425 425 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 695 18 reconstructed reconstruct VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 695 19 embryos embryo NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 695 20 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 696 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 696 2 ability ability NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 696 3 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 696 4 select select VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 696 5 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 696 6 genetically genetically RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 696 7 modified modify VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 696 8 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 696 9 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 696 10 culture culture NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 696 11 prior prior RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 696 12 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 696 13 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 696 14 transfer transfer NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 696 15 opens open VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 696 16 up up RP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 696 17 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 696 18 possibility possibility NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 696 19 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 696 20 applying apply VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 696 21 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 696 22 powerful powerful JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 696 23 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 696 24 targeting target VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 696 25 techniques technique NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 696 26 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 696 27 have have VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 696 28 been be VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 696 29 developed develop VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 696 30 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 696 31 mice mouse NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 696 32 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 697 1 One one CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 697 2 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 697 3 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 697 4 limitations limitation NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 697 5 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 697 6 using use VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 697 7 primary primary JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 697 8 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 697 9 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 697 10 however however RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 697 11 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 697 12 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 697 13 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 697 14 limited limited JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 697 15 lifespan lifespan NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 697 16 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 697 17 culture culture NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 697 18 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 698 1 Primary primary JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 698 2 cell cell NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 698 3 cultures culture NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 698 4 such such JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 698 5 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 698 6 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 698 7 fetal fetal JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 698 8 fibroblasts fibroblast NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 698 9 can can MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 698 10 only only RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 698 11 undergo undergo VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 698 12 about about RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 698 13 30 30 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 698 14 population population NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 698 15 doublings doubling NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 698 16 before before IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 698 17 they -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 698 18 senesce senesce VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 698 19 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 699 1 This this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 699 2 limited limited JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 699 3 lifespan lifespan NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 699 4 would would MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 699 5 preclude preclude VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 699 6 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 699 7 ability ability NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 699 8 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 699 9 perform perform VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 699 10 multiple multiple JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 699 11 rounds round NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 699 12 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 699 13 selection selection NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 699 14 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 700 1 To to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 700 2 overcome overcome VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 700 3 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 700 4 problem problem NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 700 5 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 700 6 cell cell NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 700 7 senescence senescence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 700 8 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 700 9 these these DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 700 10 researchers researcher NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 700 11 showed show VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 700 12 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 700 13 fibroblast fibroblast NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 700 14 lifespan lifespan NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 700 15 could could MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 700 16 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 700 17 prolonged prolong VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 700 18 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 700 19 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 700 20 transfer transfer NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 700 21 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 701 1 A a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 701 2 fetus fetus NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 701 3 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 701 4 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 701 5 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 701 6 developed develop VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 701 7 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 701 8 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 701 9 transfer transfer NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 701 10 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 701 11 genetically genetically RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 701 12 modified modify VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 701 13 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 701 14 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 701 15 could could MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 701 16 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 701 17 turn turn NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 701 18 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 701 19 used use VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 701 20 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 701 21 establish establish VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 701 22 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 701 23 second second JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 701 24 generation generation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 701 25 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 701 26 fetal fetal JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 701 27 fibroblasts fibroblast NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 701 28 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 702 1 These these DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 702 2 fetal fetal JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 702 3 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 702 4 would would MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 702 5 then then RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 702 6 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 702 7 capable capable JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 702 8 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 702 9 undergoing undergo VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 702 10 another another DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 702 11 30 30 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 702 12 population population NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 702 13 doublings doubling NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 702 14 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 702 15 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 702 16 would would MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 702 17 provide provide VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 702 18 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 702 19 time time NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 702 20 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 702 21 selection selection NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 702 22 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 702 23 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 702 24 second second JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 702 25 genetic genetic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 702 26 modification modification NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 702 27 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 703 1 As as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 703 2 noted note VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 703 3 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 703 4 there there EX cord-016293-pyb00pt5 703 5 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 703 6 still still RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 703 7 some some DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 703 8 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 703 9 over over IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 703 10 whether whether IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 703 11 quiescent quiescent JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 703 12 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 703 13 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 703 14 required require VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 703 15 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 703 16 successful successful JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 703 17 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 703 18 transfer transfer NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 703 19 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 704 1 Induction induction NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 704 2 into into IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 704 3 quiescence quiescence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 704 4 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 704 5 originally originally RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 704 6 thought think VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 704 7 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 704 8 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 704 9 necessary necessary JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 704 10 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 704 11 successful successful JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 704 12 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 704 13 reprogramming reprogramming NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 704 14 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 704 15 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 704 16 donor donor NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 704 17 nucleus nucleus NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 704 18 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 705 1 However however RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 705 2 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 705 3 cloned clone VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 705 4 calves calf NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 705 5 have have VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 705 6 been be VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 705 7 previously previously RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 705 8 produced produce VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 705 9 using use VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 705 10 non non JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 705 11 - - JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 705 12 quiescent quiescent JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 705 13 fetal fetal JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 705 14 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 705 15 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 706 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 706 2 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 706 3 transfer transfer NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 706 4 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 706 5 nuclei nucleus NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 706 6 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 706 7 Sertoli Sertoli NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 706 8 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 706 9 neuronal neuronal JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 706 10 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 706 11 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 706 12 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 706 13 do do VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 706 14 not not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 706 15 normally normally RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 706 16 divide divide VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 706 17 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 706 18 adults adult NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 706 19 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 706 20 did do VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 706 21 not not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 706 22 produce produce VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 706 23 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 706 24 liveborn liveborn NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 706 25 mouse mouse NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 706 26 ; ; : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 706 27 whereas whereas IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 706 28 nuclei nucleus NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 706 29 transferred transfer VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 706 30 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 706 31 actively actively RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 706 32 dividing divide VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 706 33 cumulus cumulus NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 706 34 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 706 35 did do VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 706 36 produce produce VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 706 37 cloned clone VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 706 38 mice mouse NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 706 39 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 707 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 707 2 fetuses fetus NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 707 3 used use VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 707 4 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 707 5 establishing establish VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 707 6 fetal fetal JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 707 7 cell cell NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 707 8 lines line NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 707 9 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 707 10 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 707 11 Tufts Tufts NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 707 12 goat goat NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 707 13 study study NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 707 14 were be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 707 15 generated generate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 707 16 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 707 17 mating mate VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 707 18 nontransgenic nontransgenic NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 707 19 females female NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 707 20 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 707 21 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 707 22 transgenic transgenic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 707 23 male male NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 707 24 containing contain VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 707 25 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 707 26 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 707 27 antithrombin antithrombin NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 707 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 707 29 AT AT NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 707 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 707 31 III iii CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 707 32 transgene transgene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 707 33 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 708 1 This this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 708 2 AT AT NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 708 3 transgene transgene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 708 4 directs direct VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 708 5 high high JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 708 6 level level NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 708 7 expression expression NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 708 8 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 708 9 human human NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 708 10 AT at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 708 11 into into IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 708 12 milk milk NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 708 13 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 708 14 lactating lactate VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 708 15 transgenic transgenic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 708 16 females female NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 708 17 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 709 1 As as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 709 2 expected expect VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 709 3 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 709 4 all all DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 709 5 three three CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 709 6 offspring offspring NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 709 7 derived derive VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 709 8 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 709 9 female female JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 709 10 fetal fetal JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 709 11 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 709 12 were be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 709 13 females female NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 709 14 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 710 1 One one CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 710 2 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 710 3 these these DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 710 4 cloned clone VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 710 5 goats goat NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 710 6 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 710 7 hormonally hormonally RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 710 8 induced induce VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 710 9 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 710 10 lactate lactate VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 710 11 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 711 1 This this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 711 2 goat goat NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 711 3 secreted secrete VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 711 4 3.7 3.7 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 711 5 - - SYM cord-016293-pyb00pt5 711 6 5.8 5.8 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 711 7 grams gram NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 711 8 per per IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 711 9 liter liter NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 711 10 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 711 11 AT at NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 711 12 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 711 13 her -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 711 14 milk milk NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 711 15 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 712 1 This this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 712 2 level level NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 712 3 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 712 4 AT at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 712 5 expression expression NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 712 6 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 712 7 comparable comparable JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 712 8 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 712 9 that that DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 712 10 detected detect VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 712 11 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 712 12 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 712 13 milk milk NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 712 14 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 712 15 transgenic transgenic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 712 16 goats goat NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 712 17 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 712 18 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 712 19 same same JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 712 20 line line NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 712 21 obtained obtain VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 712 22 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 712 23 natural natural JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 712 24 breeding breeding NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 712 25 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 713 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 713 2 successful successful JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 713 3 secretion secretion NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 713 4 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 713 5 AT at NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 713 6 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 713 7 milk milk NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 713 8 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 713 9 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 713 10 key key JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 713 11 result result NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 713 12 because because IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 713 13 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 713 14 showed show VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 713 15 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 713 16 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 713 17 cloned clone VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 713 18 animal animal NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 713 19 could could MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 713 20 still still RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 713 21 synthesize synthesize VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 713 22 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 713 23 secrete secrete VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 713 24 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 713 25 foreign foreign JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 713 26 protein protein NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 713 27 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 713 28 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 713 29 expected expect VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 713 30 level level NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 713 31 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 714 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 714 2 will will MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 714 3 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 714 4 interesting interesting JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 714 5 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 714 6 see see VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 714 7 if if IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 714 8 all all DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 714 9 three three CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 714 10 cloned clone VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 714 11 goats goat NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 714 12 secrete secrete VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 714 13 human human NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 714 14 AT at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 714 15 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 714 16 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 714 17 identical identical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 714 18 level level NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 714 19 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 715 1 If if IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 715 2 so so RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 715 3 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 715 4 then then RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 715 5 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 715 6 goal goal NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 715 7 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 715 8 creating create VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 715 9 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 715 10 herd herd NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 715 11 identical identical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 715 12 transgenic transgenic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 715 13 animals animal NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 715 14 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 715 15 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 715 16 secrete secrete VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 715 17 identical identical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 715 18 levels level NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 715 19 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 715 20 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 715 21 important important JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 715 22 pharmaceutical pharmaceutical NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 715 23 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 715 24 would would MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 715 25 become become VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 715 26 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 715 27 reality reality NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 715 28 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 716 1 No no RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 716 2 longer long RBR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 716 3 would would MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 716 4 variable variable VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 716 5 production production NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 716 6 levels level NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 716 7 exist exist VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 716 8 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 716 9 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 716 10 generations generation NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 716 11 due due JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 716 12 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 716 13 genetically genetically RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 716 14 similar similar JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 716 15 but but CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 716 16 not not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 716 17 identical identical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 716 18 animals animal NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 716 19 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 717 1 This this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 717 2 homogeneity homogeneity NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 717 3 would would MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 717 4 greatly greatly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 717 5 aid aid VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 717 6 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 717 7 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 717 8 production production NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 717 9 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 717 10 processing processing NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 717 11 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 717 12 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 717 13 uniform uniform JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 717 14 product product NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 717 15 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 718 1 As as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 718 2 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 718 3 transfer transfer NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 718 4 technology technology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 718 5 continues continue VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 718 6 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 718 7 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 718 8 refined refine VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 718 9 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 718 10 applied apply VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 718 11 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 718 12 other other JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 718 13 species specie NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 718 14 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 718 15 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 718 16 may may MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 718 17 eventually eventually RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 718 18 replace replace VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 718 19 microinjection microinjection NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 718 20 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 718 21 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 718 22 method method NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 718 23 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 718 24 choice choice NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 718 25 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 718 26 generating generate VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 718 27 transgenic transgenic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 718 28 livestock livestock NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 718 29 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 719 1 Nuclear nuclear JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 719 2 transfer transfer NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 719 3 has have VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 719 4 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 719 5 number number NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 719 6 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 719 7 advantages advantage NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 719 8 : : : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 719 9 1 1 LS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 719 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 719 11 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 719 12 transfer transfer NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 719 13 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 719 14 more more RBR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 719 15 efficient efficient JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 719 16 than than IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 719 17 microinjection microinjection NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 719 18 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 719 19 producing produce VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 719 20 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 719 21 transgenic transgenic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 719 22 animal animal NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 719 23 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 719 24 2 2 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 719 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 720 1 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 720 2 fate fate NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 720 3 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 720 4 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 720 5 integrated integrate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 720 6 foreign foreign JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 720 7 DNA dna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 720 8 can can MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 720 9 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 720 10 examined examine VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 720 11 prior prior RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 720 12 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 720 13 production production NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 720 14 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 720 15 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 720 16 transgenic transgenic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 720 17 animal animal NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 720 18 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 720 19 3 3 LS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 720 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 720 21 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 720 22 sex sex NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 720 23 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 720 24 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 720 25 transgenic transgenic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 720 26 animal animal NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 720 27 can can MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 720 28 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 720 29 predetermined predetermine VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 720 30 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 720 31 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 720 32 4 4 LS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 720 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 720 34 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 720 35 problem problem NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 720 36 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 720 37 mosaicism mosaicism NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 720 38 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 720 39 first first JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 720 40 generation generation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 720 41 transgenic transgenic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 720 42 animals animal NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 720 43 can can MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 720 44 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 720 45 eliminated eliminate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 720 46 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 721 1 DNA dna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 721 2 microinjection microinjection NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 721 3 has have VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 721 4 not not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 721 5 been be VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 721 6 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 721 7 very very RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 721 8 efficient efficient JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 721 9 mechanism mechanism NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 721 10 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 721 11 produce produce VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 721 12 transgenic transgenic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 721 13 mammals mammal NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 721 14 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 722 1 However however RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 722 2 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 722 3 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 722 4 November November NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 722 5 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 722 6 1998 1998 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 722 7 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 722 8 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 722 9 team team NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 722 10 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 722 11 Wisconsin Wisconsin NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 722 12 researchers researcher NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 722 13 reported report VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 722 14 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 722 15 nearly nearly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 722 16 100 100 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 722 17 % % NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 722 18 efficient efficient JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 722 19 method method NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 722 20 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 722 21 generating generate VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 722 22 transgenic transgenic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 722 23 cattle cattle NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 722 24 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 723 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 723 2 established establish VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 723 3 method method NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 723 4 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 723 5 cattle cattle NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 723 6 transgenes transgene NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 723 7 involves involve VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 723 8 injecting inject VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 723 9 DNA DNA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 723 10 into into IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 723 11 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 723 12 pronuclei pronuclei NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 723 13 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 723 14 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 723 15 fertilized fertilize VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 723 16 egg egg NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 723 17 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 723 18 zygote zygote NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 723 19 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 724 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 724 2 contrast contrast NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 724 3 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 724 4 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 724 5 Wisconsin Wisconsin NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 724 6 team team NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 724 7 injected inject VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 724 8 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 724 9 replication replication NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 724 10 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 724 11 defective defective JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 724 12 retroviral retroviral NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 724 13 vector vector NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 724 14 into into IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 724 15 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 724 16 perivitelline perivitelline JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 724 17 space space NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 724 18 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 724 19 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 724 20 unfertilized unfertilized JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 724 21 oocyte oocyte NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 724 22 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 725 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 725 2 perivitelline perivitelline NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 725 3 space space NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 725 4 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 725 5 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 725 6 region region NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 725 7 between between IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 725 8 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 725 9 oocyte oocyte NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 725 10 membrane membrane NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 725 11 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 725 12 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 725 13 protective protective JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 725 14 coating coating NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 725 15 surrounding surround VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 725 16 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 725 17 oocyte oocyte NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 725 18 known know VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 725 19 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 725 20 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 725 21 zona zona NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 725 22 pellucida pellucida NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 725 23 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 726 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 726 2 addition addition NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 726 3 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 726 4 ES ES NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 726 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 726 6 embryonic embryonic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 726 7 stem stem NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 726 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 726 9 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 727 1 other other JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 727 2 sources source NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 727 3 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 727 4 donor donor NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 727 5 nuclei nucleus NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 727 6 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 727 7 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 727 8 transfer transfer NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 727 9 might may MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 727 10 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 727 11 used use VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 727 12 such such JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 727 13 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 727 14 embryonic embryonic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 727 15 cell cell NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 727 16 lines line NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 727 17 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 727 18 primordial primordial JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 727 19 germ germ NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 727 20 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 727 21 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 727 22 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 727 23 spermatogonia spermatogonia NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 727 24 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 727 25 produce produce VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 727 26 offspring offspring NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 727 27 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 728 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 728 2 utility utility NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 728 3 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 728 4 ES ES NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 728 5 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 728 6 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 728 7 related relate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 728 8 methodologies methodology NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 728 9 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 728 10 provide provide VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 728 11 efficient efficient JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 728 12 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 728 13 targeted target VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 728 14 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 728 15 vivo vivo NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 728 16 genetic genetic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 728 17 manipulations manipulation NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 728 18 offer offer VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 728 19 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 728 20 prospects prospect NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 728 21 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 728 22 profoundly profoundly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 728 23 useful useful JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 728 24 animal animal NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 728 25 models model NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 728 26 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 728 27 biomedical biomedical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 728 28 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 728 29 biological biological JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 728 30 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 728 31 agricultural agricultural JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 728 32 applications application NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 728 33 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 729 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 729 2 road road NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 729 3 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 729 4 such such JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 729 5 success success NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 729 6 has have VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 729 7 been be VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 729 8 most most RBS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 729 9 challenging challenging JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 729 10 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 729 11 but but CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 729 12 recent recent JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 729 13 developments development NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 729 14 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 729 15 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 729 16 field field NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 729 17 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 729 18 extremely extremely RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 729 19 encouraging encouraging JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 729 20 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 730 1 With with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 730 2 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 730 3 May May NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 730 4 1999 1999 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 730 5 announcement announcement NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 730 6 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 730 7 Geron Geron NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 730 8 buying buy VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 730 9 out out RP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 730 10 Ian Ian NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 730 11 Wilmuts Wilmuts NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 730 12 company company NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 730 13 Roslin Roslin NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 730 14 BioMed BioMed NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 730 15 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 730 16 they -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 730 17 declared declare VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 730 18 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 730 19 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 730 20 dawn dawn NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 730 21 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 730 22 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 730 23 new new JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 730 24 era era NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 730 25 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 730 26 biomedical biomedical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 730 27 research research NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 730 28 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 731 1 Geron Geron NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 731 2 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 731 3 technologies technology NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 731 4 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 731 5 deriving derive VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 731 6 transplantable transplantable JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 731 7 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 731 8 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 731 9 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 731 10 pluripotent pluripotent JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 731 11 stem stem NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 731 12 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 731 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 731 14 hPSCs hpscs $ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 731 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 731 16 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 731 17 extending extend VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 731 18 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 731 19 replicative replicative JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 731 20 capacity capacity NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 731 21 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 731 22 telomerase telomerase NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 731 23 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 731 24 combined combine VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 731 25 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 731 26 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 731 27 Roslin Roslin NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 731 28 Institute Institute NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 731 29 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 731 30 transfer transfer NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 731 31 technology technology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 731 32 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 731 33 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 731 34 technology technology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 731 35 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 731 36 produced produce VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 731 37 Dolly Dolly NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 731 38 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 731 39 cloned clone VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 731 40 sheep sheep NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 731 41 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 732 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 732 2 goal goal NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 732 3 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 732 4 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 732 5 produce produce VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 732 6 transplantable transplantable JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 732 7 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 732 8 tissue tissue NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 732 9 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 732 10 matched match VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 732 11 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 732 12 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 732 13 provide provide VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 732 14 extended extended JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 732 15 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 732 16 benefits benefit NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 732 17 without without IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 732 18 triggering trigger VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 732 19 immune immune JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 732 20 rejection rejection NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 732 21 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 733 1 Such such JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 733 2 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 733 3 could could MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 733 4 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 733 5 used use VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 733 6 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 733 7 treat treat VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 733 8 numerous numerous JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 733 9 major major JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 733 10 chronic chronic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 733 11 degenerative degenerative JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 733 12 diseases disease NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 733 13 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 733 14 conditions condition NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 733 15 such such JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 733 16 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 733 17 heart heart NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 733 18 disease disease NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 733 19 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 733 20 stroke stroke NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 733 21 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 733 22 Parkinson Parkinson NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 733 23 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 733 24 disease disease NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 733 25 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 733 26 Alzheimer Alzheimer NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 733 27 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 733 28 disease disease NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 733 29 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 733 30 spinal spinal JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 733 31 cord cord NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 733 32 injury injury NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 733 33 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 733 34 diabetes diabetes NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 733 35 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 733 36 osteoarthritis osteoarthritis NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 733 37 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 733 38 bone bone NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 733 39 marrow marrow NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 733 40 failure failure NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 733 41 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 733 42 burns burn NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 733 43 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 734 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 734 2 stem stem NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 734 3 cell cell NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 734 4 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 734 5 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 734 6 unique unique JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 734 7 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 734 8 essential essential JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 734 9 cell cell NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 734 10 type type NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 734 11 found find VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 734 12 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 734 13 animals animal NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 734 14 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 735 1 Many many JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 735 2 kinds kind NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 735 3 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 735 4 stem stem NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 735 5 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 735 6 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 735 7 found find VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 735 8 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 735 9 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 735 10 body body NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 735 11 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 735 12 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 735 13 some some DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 735 14 more more RBR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 735 15 differentiated differentiated JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 735 16 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 735 17 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 735 18 committed commit VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 735 19 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 735 20 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 735 21 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 735 22 particular particular JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 735 23 function function NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 735 24 than than IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 735 25 others other NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 735 26 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 736 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 736 2 other other JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 736 3 words word NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 736 4 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 736 5 when when WRB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 736 6 stem stem NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 736 7 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 736 8 divide divide VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 736 9 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 736 10 some some DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 736 11 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 736 12 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 736 13 progeny progeny NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 736 14 mature mature VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 736 15 into into IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 736 16 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 736 17 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 736 18 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 736 19 specific specific JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 736 20 type type NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 736 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 736 22 heart heart NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 736 23 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 736 24 muscle muscle NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 736 25 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 736 26 blood blood NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 736 27 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 736 28 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 736 29 brain brain NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 736 30 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 736 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 736 32 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 736 33 while while IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 736 34 others other NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 736 35 remain remain VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 736 36 stem stem NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 736 37 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 736 38 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 736 39 ready ready JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 736 40 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 736 41 repair repair VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 736 42 some some DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 736 43 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 736 44 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 736 45 everyday everyday JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 736 46 wear wear NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 736 47 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 736 48 tear tear VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 736 49 undergone undergone NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 736 50 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 736 51 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 736 52 bodies body NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 736 53 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 737 1 These these DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 737 2 stem stem NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 737 3 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 737 4 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 737 5 capable capable JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 737 6 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 737 7 continually continually RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 737 8 reproducing reproduce VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 737 9 themselves -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 737 10 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 737 11 serve serve VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 737 12 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 737 13 renew renew VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 737 14 tissue tissue NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 737 15 throughout throughout IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 737 16 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 737 17 individual individual NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 737 18 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 737 19 life life NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 737 20 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 738 1 For for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 738 2 example example NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 738 3 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 738 4 they -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 738 5 continually continually RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 738 6 regenerate regenerate VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 738 7 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 738 8 lining lining NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 738 9 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 738 10 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 738 11 gut gut NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 738 12 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 738 13 revitalize revitalize VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 738 14 skin skin NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 738 15 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 738 16 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 738 17 produce produce VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 738 18 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 738 19 whole whole JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 738 20 range range NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 738 21 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 738 22 blood blood NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 738 23 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 738 24 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 739 1 Although although IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 739 2 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 739 3 term term NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 739 4 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 739 5 stem stem NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 739 6 cell cell NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 739 7 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 739 8 commonly commonly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 739 9 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 739 10 used use VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 739 11 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 739 12 refer refer VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 739 13 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 739 14 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 739 15 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 739 16 within within IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 739 17 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 739 18 adult adult NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 739 19 organism organism NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 739 20 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 739 21 renew renew VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 739 22 tissue tissue NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 739 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 739 24 e.g. e.g. RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 739 25 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 739 26 hematopoietic hematopoietic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 739 27 stem stem NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 739 28 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 739 29 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 739 30 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 739 31 type type NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 739 32 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 739 33 cell cell NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 739 34 found find VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 739 35 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 739 36 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 739 37 blood blood NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 739 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 739 39 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 739 40 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 739 41 most most RBS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 739 42 fundamental fundamental JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 739 43 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 739 44 extraordinary extraordinary JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 739 45 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 739 46 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 739 47 stem stem NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 739 48 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 739 49 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 739 50 found find VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 739 51 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 739 52 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 739 53 early early JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 739 54 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 739 55 stage stage NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 739 56 embryo embryo NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 739 57 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 740 1 These these DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 740 2 embryonic embryonic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 740 3 stem stem NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 740 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 740 5 ES ES NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 740 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 740 7 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 740 8 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 740 9 unlike unlike IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 740 10 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 740 11 more more RBR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 740 12 differentiated differentiated JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 740 13 adult adult NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 740 14 stem stem NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 740 15 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 740 16 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 740 17 other other JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 740 18 cell cell NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 740 19 types type NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 740 20 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 740 21 retain retain VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 740 22 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 740 23 special special JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 740 24 ability ability NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 740 25 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 740 26 develop develop VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 740 27 into into IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 740 28 nearly nearly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 740 29 any any DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 740 30 cell cell NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 740 31 type type NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 740 32 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 741 1 Embryonic embryonic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 741 2 germ germ NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 741 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 741 4 EG EG NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 741 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 741 6 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 741 7 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 741 8 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 741 9 originate originate VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 741 10 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 741 11 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 741 12 primordial primordial JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 741 13 reproductive reproductive JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 741 14 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 741 15 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 741 16 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 741 17 developing develop VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 741 18 fetus fetus NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 741 19 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 741 20 have have VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 741 21 properties property NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 741 22 similar similar JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 741 23 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 741 24 ES ES NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 741 25 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 741 26 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 742 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 742 2 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 742 3 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 742 4 potentially potentially RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 742 5 unique unique JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 742 6 versatility versatility NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 742 7 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 742 8 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 742 9 ES es NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 742 10 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 742 11 EG EG NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 742 12 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 742 13 derived derive VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 742 14 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 742 15 respectively respectively RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 742 16 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 742 17 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 742 18 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 742 19 early early JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 742 20 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 742 21 stage stage NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 742 22 embryo embryo NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 742 23 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 742 24 cadaveric cadaveric JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 742 25 fetal fetal JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 742 26 tissue tissue NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 742 27 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 742 28 presents present VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 742 29 such such JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 742 30 unusual unusual JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 742 31 scientific scientific JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 742 32 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 742 33 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 742 34 promise promise NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 742 35 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 743 1 Indeed indeed RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 743 2 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 743 3 scientists scientist NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 743 4 have have VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 743 5 long long RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 743 6 recognized recognize VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 743 7 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 743 8 possibility possibility NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 743 9 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 743 10 using use VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 743 11 such such JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 743 12 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 743 13 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 743 14 generate generate VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 743 15 more more JJR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 743 16 specialized specialized JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 743 17 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 743 18 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 743 19 tissue tissue NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 743 20 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 743 21 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 743 22 could could MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 743 23 allow allow VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 743 24 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 743 25 generation generation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 743 26 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 743 27 new new JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 743 28 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 743 29 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 743 30 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 743 31 used use VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 743 32 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 743 33 treat treat VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 743 34 injuries injury NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 743 35 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 743 36 diseases disease NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 743 37 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 743 38 such such JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 743 39 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 743 40 Alzheimer Alzheimer NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 743 41 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 743 42 disease disease NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 743 43 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 743 44 Parkinson Parkinson NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 743 45 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 743 46 disease disease NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 743 47 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 743 48 heart heart NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 743 49 disease disease NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 743 50 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 743 51 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 743 52 kidney kidney NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 743 53 failure failure NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 743 54 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 744 1 Likewise likewise RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 744 2 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 744 3 scientists scientist NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 744 4 regard regard VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 744 5 these these DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 744 6 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 744 7 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 744 8 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 744 9 important important JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 744 10 -perhaps -perhaps HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 744 11 essential essential JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 744 12 -means -mean NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 744 13 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 744 14 understanding understand VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 744 15 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 744 16 earliest early JJS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 744 17 stages stage NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 744 18 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 744 19 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 744 20 development development NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 744 21 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 744 22 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 744 23 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 744 24 important important JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 744 25 tool tool NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 744 26 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 744 27 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 744 28 development development NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 744 29 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 744 30 life life NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 744 31 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 744 32 saving save VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 744 33 drugs drug NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 744 34 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 744 35 cell cell NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 744 36 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 744 37 replacement replacement NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 744 38 therapies therapy NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 744 39 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 744 40 treat treat VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 744 41 disorders disorder NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 744 42 caused cause VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 744 43 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 744 44 early early JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 744 45 cell cell NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 744 46 death death NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 744 47 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 744 48 impairment impairment NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 744 49 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 745 1 Geron Geron NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 745 2 Corporation Corporation NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 745 3 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 745 4 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 745 5 collaborators collaborator NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 745 6 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 745 7 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 745 8 University University NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 745 9 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 745 10 Wisconsin Wisconsin NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 746 1 -Madison -Madison NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 747 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 747 2 Dr. Dr. NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 747 3 James James NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 747 4 A. A. NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 747 5 Thomson Thomson NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 747 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 747 7 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 747 8 Johns Johns NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 747 9 Hopkins Hopkins NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 747 10 University University NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 748 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 748 2 Dr. Dr. NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 748 3 John John NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 748 4 D. D. NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 748 5 Gearhart Gearhart NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 748 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 748 7 announced announce VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 748 8 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 748 9 November November NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 748 10 1998 1998 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 748 11 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 748 12 first first JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 748 13 successful successful JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 748 14 derivation derivation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 748 15 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 748 16 hPSCs hpscs NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 748 17 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 748 18 two two CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 748 19 sources source NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 748 20 : : : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 749 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 749 2 i i NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 749 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 749 4 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 749 5 embryonic embryonic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 749 6 stem stem NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 749 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 749 8 hES hes NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 749 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 749 10 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 749 11 derived derive VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 749 12 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 749 13 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 749 14 vitro vitro FW cord-016293-pyb00pt5 749 15 fertilized fertilize VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 749 16 blastocysts blastocyst NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 749 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 749 18 Thomson Thomson NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 749 19 1998 1998 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 749 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 749 21 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 749 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 749 23 ii ii NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 749 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 749 25 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 749 26 embryonic embryonic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 749 27 germ germ NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 749 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 749 29 hEG heg NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 749 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 749 31 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 749 32 derived derive VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 749 33 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 749 34 fetal fetal JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 749 35 material material NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 749 36 obtained obtain VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 749 37 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 749 38 medically medically RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 749 39 terminated terminate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 749 40 pregnancies pregnancy NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 749 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 749 42 Shamblott Shamblott NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 749 43 et et NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 749 44 al al NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 749 45 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 749 46 1998 1998 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 749 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 749 48 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 750 1 Although although IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 750 2 derived derive VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 750 3 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 750 4 different different JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 750 5 sources source NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 750 6 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 750 7 different different JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 750 8 laboratory laboratory NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 750 9 processes process NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 750 10 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 750 11 these these DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 750 12 two two CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 750 13 cell cell NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 750 14 types type NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 750 15 share share VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 750 16 certain certain JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 750 17 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 750 18 but but CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 750 19 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 750 20 referred refer VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 750 21 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 750 22 collectively collectively RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 750 23 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 750 24 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 750 25 pluripotent pluripotent JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 750 26 stem stem NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 750 27 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 750 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 750 29 hPSCs hpscs CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 750 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 750 31 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 751 1 Because because IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 751 2 hES hes NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 751 3 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 751 4 have have VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 751 5 been be VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 751 6 more more RBR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 751 7 thoroughly thoroughly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 751 8 studied study VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 751 9 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 751 10 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 751 11 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 751 12 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 751 13 hPSCs hpsc VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 751 14 most most RBS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 751 15 closely closely RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 751 16 describe describe VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 751 17 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 751 18 known know VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 751 19 properties property NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 751 20 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 751 21 hES hes NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 751 22 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 751 23 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 752 1 Stem stem NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 752 2 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 752 3 represent represent VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 752 4 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 752 5 tremendous tremendous JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 752 6 scientific scientific JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 752 7 advancement advancement NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 752 8 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 752 9 two two CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 752 10 ways way NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 752 11 : : : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 752 12 first first RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 752 13 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 752 14 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 752 15 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 752 16 tool tool NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 752 17 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 752 18 study study VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 752 19 developmental developmental JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 752 20 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 752 21 cell cell NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 752 22 biology biology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 752 23 ; ; : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 752 24 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 752 25 second second RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 752 26 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 752 27 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 752 28 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 752 29 starting starting NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 752 30 point point NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 752 31 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 752 32 therapies therapy NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 752 33 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 752 34 develop develop VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 752 35 medications medication NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 752 36 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 752 37 treat treat VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 752 38 some some DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 752 39 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 752 40 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 752 41 most most RBS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 752 42 deadly deadly JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 752 43 diseases disease NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 752 44 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 753 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 753 2 derivation derivation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 753 3 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 753 4 stem stem NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 753 5 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 753 6 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 753 7 fundamental fundamental JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 753 8 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 753 9 scientific scientific JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 753 10 research research NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 753 11 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 753 12 understanding understand VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 753 13 basic basic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 753 14 cellular cellular JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 753 15 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 753 16 embryonic embryonic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 753 17 development development NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 753 18 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 754 1 Observing observe VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 754 2 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 754 3 development development NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 754 4 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 754 5 stem stem NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 754 6 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 754 7 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 754 8 they -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 754 9 differentiate differentiate VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 754 10 into into IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 754 11 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 754 12 number number NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 754 13 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 754 14 cell cell NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 754 15 types type NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 754 16 will will MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 754 17 enable enable VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 754 18 scientists scientist NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 754 19 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 754 20 better better RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 754 21 understand understand VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 754 22 cellular cellular JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 754 23 processes process NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 754 24 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 754 25 ways way NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 754 26 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 754 27 repair repair VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 754 28 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 754 29 when when WRB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 754 30 they -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 754 31 malfunction malfunction VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 754 32 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 755 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 755 2 also also RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 755 3 holds hold VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 755 4 great great JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 755 5 potential potential NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 755 6 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 755 7 yield yield VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 755 8 revolutionary revolutionary JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 755 9 treatments treatment NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 755 10 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 755 11 transplanting transplant VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 755 12 new new JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 755 13 tissue tissue NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 755 14 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 755 15 treat treat VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 755 16 heart heart NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 755 17 disease disease NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 755 18 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 755 19 atherosclerosis atherosclerosis NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 755 20 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 755 21 blood blood NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 755 22 disorders disorder NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 755 23 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 755 24 diabetes diabetes NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 755 25 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 755 26 Parkinson Parkinson NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 755 27 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 755 28 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 755 29 Alzheimer Alzheimer NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 755 30 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 755 31 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 755 32 stroke stroke NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 755 33 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 755 34 spinal spinal JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 755 35 cord cord NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 755 36 injuries injury NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 755 37 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 755 38 rheumatoid rheumatoid JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 755 39 arthritis arthritis NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 755 40 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 755 41 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 755 42 many many JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 755 43 other other JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 755 44 diseases disease NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 755 45 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 756 1 By by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 756 2 using use VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 756 3 stem stem NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 756 4 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 756 5 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 756 6 scientists scientist NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 756 7 may may MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 756 8 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 756 9 able able JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 756 10 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 756 11 grow grow VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 756 12 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 756 13 skin skin NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 756 14 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 756 15 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 756 16 treat treat VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 756 17 wounds wound NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 756 18 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 756 19 burns burn NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 756 20 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 757 1 And and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 757 2 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 757 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 757 4 will will MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 757 5 aid aid VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 757 6 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 757 7 understanding understanding NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 757 8 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 757 9 fertility fertility NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 757 10 disorders disorder NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 757 11 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 758 1 Many many JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 758 2 patient patient JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 758 3 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 758 4 scientific scientific JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 758 5 organizations organization NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 758 6 recognize recognize VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 758 7 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 758 8 vast vast JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 758 9 potential potential NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 758 10 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 758 11 stem stem NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 758 12 cell cell NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 758 13 research research NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 758 14 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 759 1 Another another DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 759 2 possible possible JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 759 3 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 759 4 technique technique NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 759 5 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 759 6 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 759 7 generation generation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 759 8 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 759 9 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 759 10 customized customized JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 759 11 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 759 12 stem stem NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 759 13 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 759 14 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 760 1 A a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 760 2 researcher researcher NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 760 3 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 760 4 doctor doctor NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 760 5 might may MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 760 6 need need VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 760 7 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 760 8 develop develop VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 760 9 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 760 10 special special JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 760 11 cell cell NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 760 12 line line NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 760 13 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 760 14 contains contain VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 760 15 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 760 16 DNA dna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 760 17 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 760 18 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 760 19 person person NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 760 20 living live VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 760 21 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 760 22 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 760 23 disease disease NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 760 24 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 761 1 By by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 761 2 using use VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 761 3 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 761 4 technique technique NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 761 5 called call VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 761 6 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 761 7 somatic somatic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 761 8 cell cell NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 761 9 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 761 10 transfer transfer NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 761 11 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 761 12 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 761 13 researcher researcher NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 761 14 can can MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 761 15 transfer transfer VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 761 16 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 761 17 nucleus nucleus NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 761 18 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 761 19 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 761 20 patient patient NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 761 21 into into IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 761 22 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 761 23 enucleated enucleated JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 761 24 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 761 25 egg egg NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 761 26 cell cell NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 761 27 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 762 1 This this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 762 2 reformed reform VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 762 3 cell cell NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 762 4 can can MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 762 5 then then RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 762 6 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 762 7 activated activate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 762 8 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 762 9 form form VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 762 10 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 762 11 blastocyst blastocyst NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 762 12 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 762 13 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 762 14 customized customize VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 762 15 stem stem NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 762 16 cell cell NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 762 17 lines line NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 762 18 can can MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 762 19 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 762 20 derived derive VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 762 21 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 762 22 treat treat VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 762 23 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 762 24 individual individual NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 762 25 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 762 26 whom whom WP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 762 27 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 762 28 nucleus nucleus NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 762 29 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 762 30 extracted extract VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 762 31 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 763 1 By by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 763 2 using use VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 763 3 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 763 4 individual individual NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 763 5 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 763 6 own own JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 763 7 DNA dna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 763 8 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 763 9 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 763 10 stem stem NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 763 11 cell cell NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 763 12 line line NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 763 13 would would MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 763 14 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 763 15 fully fully RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 763 16 compatible compatible JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 763 17 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 763 18 not not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 763 19 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 763 20 rejected reject VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 763 21 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 763 22 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 763 23 person person NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 763 24 when when WRB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 763 25 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 763 26 stem stem NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 763 27 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 763 28 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 763 29 transferred transfer VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 763 30 back back RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 763 31 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 763 32 that that DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 763 33 person person NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 763 34 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 763 35 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 763 36 treatment treatment NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 763 37 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 764 1 Preliminary preliminary JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 764 2 research research NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 764 3 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 764 4 occurring occur VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 764 5 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 764 6 other other JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 764 7 approaches approach NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 764 8 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 764 9 produce produce VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 764 10 pluripotent pluripotent JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 764 11 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 764 12 ES es NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 764 13 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 764 14 without without IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 764 15 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 764 16 need need NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 764 17 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 764 18 use use VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 764 19 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 764 20 oocytes oocyte NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 764 21 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 765 1 Human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 765 2 oocytes oocyte NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 765 3 may may MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 765 4 not not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 765 5 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 765 6 available available JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 765 7 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 765 8 quantities quantity NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 765 9 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 765 10 would would MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 765 11 meet meet VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 765 12 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 765 13 needs need NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 765 14 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 765 15 millions million NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 765 16 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 765 17 potential potential JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 765 18 patients patient NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 765 19 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 766 1 However however RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 766 2 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 766 3 no no DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 766 4 peer peer NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 766 5 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 766 6 reviewed review VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 766 7 papers paper NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 766 8 have have VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 766 9 yet yet RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 766 10 appeared appear VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 766 11 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 766 12 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 766 13 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 766 14 judge judge VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 766 15 whether whether IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 766 16 animal animal NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 766 17 oocytes oocyte NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 766 18 could could MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 766 19 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 766 20 used use VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 766 21 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 766 22 manufacture manufacture VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 766 23 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 766 24 customized customized JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 766 25 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 766 26 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 766 27 ES ES NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 766 28 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 766 29 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 766 30 whether whether IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 766 31 they -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 766 32 can can MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 766 33 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 766 34 developed develop VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 766 35 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 766 36 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 766 37 realistic realistic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 766 38 timescale timescale NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 766 39 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 767 1 Additional additional JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 767 2 approaches approach NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 767 3 under under IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 767 4 consideration consideration NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 767 5 include include VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 767 6 early early JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 767 7 experimental experimental JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 767 8 studies study NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 767 9 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 767 10 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 767 11 use use NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 767 12 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 767 13 cytoplasmic cytoplasmic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 767 14 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 767 15 like like JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 767 16 media medium NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 767 17 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 767 18 might may MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 767 19 allow allow VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 767 20 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 767 21 viable viable JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 767 22 approach approach NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 767 23 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 767 24 laboratory laboratory NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 767 25 cultures culture NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 767 26 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 768 1 On on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 768 2 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 768 3 much much RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 768 4 longer long JJR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 768 5 timeline timeline NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 768 6 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 768 7 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 768 8 may may MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 768 9 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 768 10 possible possible JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 768 11 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 768 12 use use VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 768 13 sophisticated sophisticated JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 768 14 genetic genetic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 768 15 modification modification NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 768 16 techniques technique NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 768 17 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 768 18 eliminate eliminate VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 768 19 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 768 20 major major JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 768 21 histocompatibility histocompatibility NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 768 22 complexes complex NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 768 23 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 768 24 other other JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 768 25 cell cell NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 768 26 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 768 27 surface surface NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 768 28 antigens antigen NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 768 29 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 768 30 foreign foreign JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 768 31 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 768 32 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 768 33 prepare prepare VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 768 34 master master NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 768 35 stem stem NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 768 36 cell cell NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 768 37 lines line NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 768 38 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 768 39 less less JJR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 768 40 likelihood likelihood NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 768 41 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 768 42 rejection rejection NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 768 43 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 769 1 This this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 769 2 could could MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 769 3 lead lead VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 769 4 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 769 5 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 769 6 development development NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 769 7 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 769 8 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 769 9 bank bank NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 769 10 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 769 11 universal universal JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 769 12 donor donor NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 769 13 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 769 14 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 769 15 multiple multiple JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 769 16 types type NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 769 17 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 769 18 compatible compatible JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 769 19 donor donor NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 769 20 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 769 21 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 769 22 invaluable invaluable JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 769 23 benefit benefit NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 769 24 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 769 25 treat treat VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 769 26 all all DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 769 27 patients patient NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 769 28 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 770 1 However however RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 770 2 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 770 3 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 770 4 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 770 5 immune immune NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 770 6 system system NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 770 7 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 770 8 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 770 9 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 770 10 many many JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 770 11 minor minor JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 770 12 histocompatibility histocompatibility NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 770 13 complexes complex NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 770 14 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 770 15 immunosuppressive immunosuppressive JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 770 16 therapy therapy NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 770 17 carries carry VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 770 18 life life NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 770 19 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 770 20 threatening threaten VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 770 21 complications complication NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 770 22 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 771 1 Stem stem NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 771 2 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 771 3 also also RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 771 4 show show VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 771 5 great great JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 771 6 potential potential NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 771 7 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 771 8 aid aid VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 771 9 research research NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 771 10 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 771 11 development development NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 771 12 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 771 13 new new JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 771 14 drugs drug NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 771 15 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 771 16 biologics biologic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 771 17 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 772 1 Now now RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 772 2 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 772 3 stem stem NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 772 4 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 772 5 can can MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 772 6 serve serve VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 772 7 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 772 8 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 772 9 source source NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 772 10 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 772 11 normal normal JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 772 12 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 772 13 differentiated differentiated JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 772 14 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 772 15 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 772 16 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 772 17 used use VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 772 18 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 772 19 drug drug NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 772 20 screening screening NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 772 21 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 772 22 testing testing NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 772 23 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 772 24 drug drug NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 772 25 toxicology toxicology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 772 26 studies study NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 772 27 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 772 28 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 772 29 identify identify VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 772 30 new new JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 772 31 drug drug NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 772 32 targets target NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 772 33 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 773 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 773 2 ability ability NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 773 3 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 773 4 evaluate evaluate VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 773 5 drug drug NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 773 6 toxicity toxicity NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 773 7 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 773 8 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 773 9 cell cell NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 773 10 lines line NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 773 11 grown grow VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 773 12 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 773 13 stem stem NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 773 14 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 773 15 could could MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 773 16 significantly significantly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 773 17 reduce reduce VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 773 18 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 773 19 need need NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 773 20 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 773 21 test test VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 773 22 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 773 23 drug drug NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 773 24 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 773 25 safety safety NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 773 26 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 773 27 animal animal NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 773 28 models model NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 773 29 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 774 1 There there EX cord-016293-pyb00pt5 774 2 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 774 3 other other JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 774 4 sources source NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 774 5 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 774 6 stem stem NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 774 7 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 774 8 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 774 9 including include VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 774 10 stem stem NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 774 11 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 774 12 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 774 13 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 774 14 found find VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 774 15 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 774 16 blood blood NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 774 17 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 775 1 Recent recent JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 775 2 reports report NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 775 3 note note VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 775 4 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 775 5 possible possible JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 775 6 isolation isolation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 775 7 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 775 8 stem stem NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 775 9 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 775 10 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 775 11 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 775 12 brain brain NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 775 13 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 775 14 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 775 15 lining lining NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 775 16 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 775 17 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 775 18 spinal spinal JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 775 19 cord cord NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 775 20 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 776 1 Other other JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 776 2 reports report NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 776 3 indicate indicate VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 776 4 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 776 5 some some DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 776 6 stem stem NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 776 7 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 776 8 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 776 9 were be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 776 10 thought think VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 776 11 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 776 12 have have VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 776 13 differentiated differentiate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 776 14 into into IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 776 15 one one CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 776 16 type type NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 776 17 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 776 18 cell cell NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 776 19 can can MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 776 20 also also RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 776 21 become become VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 776 22 other other JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 776 23 types type NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 776 24 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 776 25 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 776 26 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 776 27 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 776 28 particular particular JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 776 29 brain brain NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 776 30 stem stem NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 776 31 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 776 32 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 776 33 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 776 34 potential potential NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 776 35 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 776 36 become become VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 776 37 blood blood NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 776 38 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 776 39 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 777 1 However however RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 777 2 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 777 3 since since IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 777 4 these these DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 777 5 reports report NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 777 6 reflect reflect VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 777 7 very very RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 777 8 early early JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 777 9 cellular cellular JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 777 10 research research NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 777 11 about about IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 777 12 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 777 13 little little JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 777 14 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 777 15 known know VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 777 16 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 777 17 we -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 777 18 should should MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 777 19 continue continue VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 777 20 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 777 21 pursue pursue VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 777 22 basic basic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 777 23 research research NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 777 24 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 777 25 all all DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 777 26 types type NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 777 27 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 777 28 stem stem NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 777 29 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 777 30 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 778 1 Some some DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 778 2 religious religious JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 778 3 leaders leader NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 778 4 will will MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 778 5 advocate advocate VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 778 6 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 778 7 researchers researcher NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 778 8 should should MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 778 9 only only RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 778 10 use use VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 778 11 certain certain JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 778 12 types type NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 778 13 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 778 14 stem stem NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 778 15 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 778 16 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 779 1 However however RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 779 2 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 779 3 because because IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 779 4 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 779 5 embryonic embryonic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 779 6 stem stem NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 779 7 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 779 8 hold hold VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 779 9 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 779 10 potential potential NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 779 11 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 779 12 differentiate differentiate VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 779 13 into into IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 779 14 any any DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 779 15 type type NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 779 16 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 779 17 cell cell NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 779 18 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 779 19 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 779 20 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 779 21 body body NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 779 22 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 779 23 no no DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 779 24 avenue avenue NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 779 25 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 779 26 research research NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 779 27 should should MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 779 28 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 779 29 foreclosed foreclose VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 779 30 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 780 1 Rather rather RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 780 2 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 780 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 780 4 must must MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 780 5 find find VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 780 6 ways way NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 780 7 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 780 8 facilitate facilitate VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 780 9 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 780 10 pursuit pursuit NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 780 11 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 780 12 all all DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 780 13 research research NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 780 14 using use VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 780 15 stem stem NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 780 16 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 780 17 while while IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 780 18 addressing address VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 780 19 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 780 20 ethical ethical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 780 21 concerns concern NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 780 22 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 780 23 may may MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 780 24 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 780 25 raised raise VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 780 26 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 781 1 Another another DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 781 2 seminal seminal JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 781 3 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 781 4 intimately intimately RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 781 5 related related JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 781 6 event event NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 781 7 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 781 8 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 781 9 end end NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 781 10 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 781 11 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 781 12 nineties ninety NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 781 13 occurred occur VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 781 14 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 781 15 Madison Madison NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 781 16 Wisconsin Wisconsin NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 781 17 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 1 Up up IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 2 until until IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 3 November November NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 4 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 5 1998 1998 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 6 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 7 isolating isolate VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 8 ES ES NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 9 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 10 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 11 mammals mammal NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 12 other other JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 13 than than IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 14 mice mouse NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 15 proved prove VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 16 elusive elusive JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 17 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 18 but but CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 19 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 20 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 21 milestone milestone NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 22 paper paper NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 23 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 24 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 25 November November NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 26 5 5 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 27 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 28 1998 1998 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 29 issue issue NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 30 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 31 Science Science NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 32 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 33 James James NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 34 A. A. NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 35 Thomson Thomson NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 36 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 38 1998 1998 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 40 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 41 developmental developmental JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 42 biologist biologist NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 43 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 44 UW UW NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 45 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 46 Madison Madison NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 47 reported report VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 48 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 49 first first JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 50 successful successful JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 51 isolation isolation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 52 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 53 derivation derivation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 54 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 55 maintenance maintenance NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 56 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 57 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 58 culture culture NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 59 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 60 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 61 embryonic embryonic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 62 stem stem NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 63 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 64 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 65 hES hes NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 66 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 67 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 782 68 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 783 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 783 2 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 783 3 interesting interesting JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 783 4 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 783 5 note note VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 783 6 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 783 7 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 783 8 leap leap NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 783 9 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 783 10 made make VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 783 11 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 783 12 mouse mouse NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 783 13 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 783 14 man man NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 783 15 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 784 1 As as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 784 2 Thomson Thomson NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 784 3 himself -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 784 4 put put VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 784 5 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 784 6 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 784 7 these these DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 784 8 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 784 9 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 784 10 different different JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 784 11 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 784 12 all all DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 784 13 other other JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 784 14 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 784 15 stem stem NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 784 16 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 784 17 isolated isolate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 784 18 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 784 19 date date NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 784 20 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 784 21 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 784 22 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 784 23 source source NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 784 24 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 784 25 all all DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 784 26 cell cell NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 784 27 types type NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 784 28 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 784 29 they -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 784 30 hold hold VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 784 31 great great JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 784 32 promise promise NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 784 33 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 784 34 use use NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 784 35 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 784 36 transplantation transplantation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 784 37 medicine medicine NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 784 38 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 784 39 drug drug NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 784 40 discovery discovery NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 784 41 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 784 42 development development NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 784 43 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 784 44 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 784 45 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 784 46 study study NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 784 47 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 784 48 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 784 49 developmental developmental JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 784 50 biology biology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 784 51 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 785 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 785 2 new new JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 785 3 century century NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 785 4 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 785 5 rapidly rapidly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 785 6 exploiting exploit VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 785 7 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 785 8 vision vision NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 785 9 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 786 1 When when WRB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 786 2 Steve Steve NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 786 3 Fodor Fodor NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 786 4 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 786 5 asked ask VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 786 6 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 786 7 2003 2003 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 786 8 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 786 9 How how WRB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 786 10 do do VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 786 11 you -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 786 12 really really RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 786 13 take take VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 786 14 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 786 15 Human Human NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 786 16 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 786 17 sequence sequence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 786 18 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 786 19 transform transform VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 786 20 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 786 21 into into IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 786 22 knowledge knowledge NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 786 23 ? ? . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 786 24 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 787 1 he -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 787 2 answered answer VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 787 3 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 787 4 Affymetrix Affymetrix NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 787 5 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 787 6 perspective perspective NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 787 7 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 787 8 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 787 9 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 787 10 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 787 11 technology technology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 787 12 development development NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 787 13 task task NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 787 14 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 788 1 He -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 788 2 sees see VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 788 3 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 788 4 colloquially colloquially RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 788 5 named name VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 788 6 affychips affychip NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 788 7 being be VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 788 8 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 788 9 equivalent equivalent NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 788 10 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 788 11 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 788 12 CD cd NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 788 13 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 788 14 ROM rom NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 788 15 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 788 16 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 788 17 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 788 18 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 789 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 789 2 take take VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 789 3 information information NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 789 4 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 789 5 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 789 6 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 789 7 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 789 8 write write VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 789 9 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 789 10 down down RP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 789 11 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 790 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 790 2 company company NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 790 3 has have VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 790 4 come come VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 790 5 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 790 6 long long JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 790 7 way way NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 790 8 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 790 9 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 790 10 early early JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 790 11 days day NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 790 12 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 790 13 Venter Venter NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 790 14 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 790 15 ESTs est NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 790 16 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 790 17 less less JJR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 790 18 than than IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 790 19 robust robust JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 790 20 algorithms algorithm NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 790 21 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 790 22 described describe VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 790 23 earlier early RBR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 790 24 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 791 1 One one CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 791 2 surprising surprising JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 791 3 fact fact NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 791 4 unearthed unearth VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 791 5 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 791 6 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 791 7 newer newer RBR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 791 8 more more RBR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 791 9 sophisticated sophisticated JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 791 10 generation generation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 791 11 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 791 12 chips chip NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 791 13 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 791 14 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 791 15 30 30 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 791 16 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 791 17 35 35 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 791 18 percent percent NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 791 19 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 791 20 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 791 21 non non JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 791 22 - - JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 791 23 repetitive repetitive JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 791 24 DNA dna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 791 25 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 791 26 being be VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 791 27 expressed express VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 791 28 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 791 29 accepted accept VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 791 30 knowledge knowledge NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 791 31 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 791 32 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 791 33 only only RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 791 34 1.5 1.5 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 791 35 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 791 36 2 2 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 791 37 percent percent NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 791 38 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 791 39 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 791 40 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 791 41 would would MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 791 42 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 791 43 expressed express VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 791 44 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 792 1 Since since IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 792 2 much much JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 792 3 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 792 4 that that DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 792 5 sequence sequence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 792 6 has have VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 792 7 no no DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 792 8 protein protein NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 792 9 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 792 10 coding code VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 792 11 capacity capacity NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 793 1 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 793 2 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 793 3 most most RBS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 793 4 likely likely RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 793 5 coding code VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 793 6 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 793 7 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 793 8 functions function NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 793 9 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 794 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 794 2 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 794 3 parallel parallel NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 794 4 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 794 5 astrophysics astrophysic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 794 6 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 794 7 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 794 8 often often RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 794 9 referred refer VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 794 10 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 794 11 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 794 12 common common JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 794 13 parlance parlance NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 794 14 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 794 15 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 794 16 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 794 17 dark dark JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 794 18 matter matter NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 794 19 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 794 20 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 794 21 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 794 22 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 794 23 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 794 24 like like IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 794 25 dark dark JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 794 26 matter matter NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 794 27 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 794 28 many many JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 794 29 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 794 30 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 794 31 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 794 32 most most RBS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 794 33 exciting exciting JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 794 34 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 794 35 challenging challenging JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 794 36 aspect aspect NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 794 37 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 794 38 uncovering uncover VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 794 39 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 794 40 occult occult JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 794 41 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 794 42 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 795 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 795 2 could could MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 795 3 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 795 4 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 795 5 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 795 6 most most RBS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 795 7 probably probably RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 795 8 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 795 9 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 795 10 involved involve VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 795 11 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 795 12 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 795 13 functions function NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 795 14 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 795 15 networks network NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 795 16 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 795 17 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 795 18 development development NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 795 19 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 796 1 And and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 796 2 like like IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 796 3 physical physical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 796 4 dark dark NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 796 5 matter matter NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 796 6 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 796 7 may may MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 796 8 change change VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 796 9 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 796 10 whole whole JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 796 11 concept concept NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 796 12 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 796 13 what what WP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 796 14 exactly exactly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 796 15 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 796 16 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 796 17 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 796 18 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 796 19 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 796 20 not not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 796 21 ! ! . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 797 1 Since since IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 797 2 Beadle Beadle NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 797 3 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 797 4 Tatum Tatum NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 797 5 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 797 6 circumspect circumspect JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 797 7 view view NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 797 8 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 797 9 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 797 10 protein protein NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 797 11 world world NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 797 12 no no RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 797 13 longer long RBR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 797 14 holds hold VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 797 15 true true JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 797 16 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 797 17 adds add VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 797 18 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 797 19 layer layer NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 797 20 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 797 21 complexity complexity NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 797 22 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 797 23 organizing organize VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 797 24 chip chip NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 797 25 design design NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 797 26 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 798 1 Depending depend VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 798 2 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 798 3 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 798 4 sequences sequence NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 798 5 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 798 6 present present JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 798 7 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 798 8 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 798 9 particular particular JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 798 10 transcript transcript NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 798 11 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 798 12 you -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 798 13 can can MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 798 14 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 798 15 theoretically theoretically RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 798 16 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 798 17 design design VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 798 18 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 798 19 set set NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 798 20 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 798 21 probes probe NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 798 22 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 798 23 uniquely uniquely RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 798 24 distinguish distinguish VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 798 25 that that DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 798 26 variant variant NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 798 27 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 799 1 At at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 799 2 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 799 3 DNA dna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 799 4 level level NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 799 5 itself -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 799 6 there there EX cord-016293-pyb00pt5 799 7 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 799 8 much much JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 799 9 potential potential NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 799 10 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 799 11 looking look VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 799 12 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 799 13 variants variant NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 799 14 either either CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 799 15 expressed express VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 799 16 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 799 17 not not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 799 18 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 799 19 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 799 20 very very RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 799 21 basic basic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 799 22 level level NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 799 23 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 799 24 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 799 25 diagnostic diagnostic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 799 26 system system NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 799 27 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 799 28 but but CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 799 29 ultimately ultimately RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 799 30 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 799 31 real real JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 799 32 paydirt paydirt NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 799 33 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 799 34 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 799 35 information information NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 799 36 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 799 37 can can MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 799 38 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 799 39 gained gain VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 799 40 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 799 41 looking look VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 799 42 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 799 43 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 799 44 consequence consequence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 799 45 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 799 46 non non JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 799 47 - - JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 799 48 coding coding JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 799 49 sequence sequence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 799 50 variation variation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 799 51 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 799 52 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 799 53 transcriptome transcriptome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 799 54 itself -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 799 55 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 800 1 And and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 800 2 fine fine JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 800 3 tuning tuning NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 800 4 when when WRB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 800 5 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 800 6 matters matter VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 800 7 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 800 8 when when WRB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 800 9 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 800 10 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 800 11 irrelevant irrelevant JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 800 12 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 800 13 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 800 14 predicative predicative JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 800 15 model model NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 800 16 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 800 17 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 800 18 auspices auspex NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 800 19 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 800 20 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 800 21 Affymetrix Affymetrix NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 800 22 spin spin NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 800 23 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 800 24 off off RP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 800 25 Perlegen Perlegen NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 800 26 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 801 1 Perlegen Perlegen NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 801 2 came come VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 801 3 into into IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 801 4 being being NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 801 5 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 801 6 late late JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 801 7 2000 2000 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 801 8 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 801 9 accelerate accelerate VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 801 10 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 801 11 development development NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 801 12 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 801 13 high high JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 801 14 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 801 15 resolution resolution NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 801 16 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 801 17 whole whole JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 801 18 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 801 19 scanning scanning NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 801 20 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 802 1 And and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 802 2 they -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 802 3 have have VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 802 4 stuck stick VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 802 5 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 802 6 that that DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 802 7 purity purity NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 802 8 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 802 9 purpose purpose NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 802 10 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 803 1 To to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 803 2 paraphrase paraphrase VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 803 3 Dragnet Dragnet NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 803 4 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 803 5 Sergeant Sergeant NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 803 6 Joe Joe NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 803 7 Friday Friday NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 803 8 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 803 9 they -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 803 10 focus focus VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 803 11 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 803 12 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 803 13 facts fact NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 803 14 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 803 15 DNA DNA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 803 16 just just RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 803 17 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 803 18 DNA dna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 803 19 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 804 1 Perlegen Perlegen NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 804 2 owes owe VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 804 3 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 804 4 true true JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 804 5 genesis genesis NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 804 6 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 804 7 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 804 8 desire desire NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 804 9 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 804 10 one one CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 804 11 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 804 12 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 804 13 cofounders cofounder NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 804 14 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 804 15 use use VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 804 16 DNA dna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 804 17 chips chip NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 804 18 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 804 19 help help VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 804 20 understand understand VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 804 21 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 804 22 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 804 23 underlying underlie VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 804 24 genetic genetic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 804 25 diseases disease NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 804 26 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 805 1 Brad Brad NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 805 2 Margus Margus NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 805 3 ' ' POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 805 4 two two CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 805 5 sons son NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 805 6 have have VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 805 7 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 805 8 rare rare JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 805 9 disease disease NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 805 10 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 805 11 ataxia ataxia NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 805 12 telangiectasia telangiectasia NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 805 13 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 805 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 805 15 A A NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 805 16 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 805 17 T T NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 805 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 805 19 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 806 1 A a LS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 806 2 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 806 3 T T NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 806 4 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 806 5 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 806 6 progressive progressive JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 806 7 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 806 8 neurodegenerative neurodegenerative JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 806 9 childhood childhood NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 806 10 disease disease NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 806 11 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 806 12 affects affect VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 806 13 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 806 14 brain brain NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 806 15 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 806 16 other other JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 806 17 body body NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 806 18 systems system NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 806 19 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 807 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 807 2 first first JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 807 3 signs sign NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 807 4 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 807 5 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 807 6 disease disease NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 807 7 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 807 8 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 807 9 include include VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 807 10 delayed delay VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 807 11 development development NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 807 12 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 807 13 motor motor NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 807 14 skills skill NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 807 15 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 807 16 poor poor JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 807 17 balance balance NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 807 18 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 807 19 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 807 20 slurred slur VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 807 21 speech speech NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 807 22 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 807 23 usually usually RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 807 24 occur occur VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 807 25 during during IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 807 26 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 807 27 first first JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 807 28 decade decade NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 807 29 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 807 30 life life NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 807 31 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 808 1 Telangiectasias Telangiectasias NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 808 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 808 3 tiny tiny JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 808 4 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 808 5 red red JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 808 6 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 808 7 spider spider NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 808 8 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 808 9 veins vein NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 808 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 808 11 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 808 12 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 808 13 appear appear VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 808 14 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 808 15 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 808 16 corners corner NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 808 17 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 808 18 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 808 19 eyes eye NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 808 20 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 808 21 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 808 22 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 808 23 surface surface NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 808 24 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 808 25 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 808 26 ears ear NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 808 27 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 808 28 cheeks cheek NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 808 29 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 808 30 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 808 31 characteristic characteristic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 808 32 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 808 33 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 808 34 disease disease NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 808 35 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 808 36 but but CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 808 37 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 808 38 not not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 808 39 always always RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 808 40 present present JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 808 41 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 809 1 Many many JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 809 2 individuals individual NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 809 3 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 809 4 A A NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 809 5 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 809 6 T t NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 809 7 have have VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 809 8 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 809 9 weakened weaken VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 809 10 immune immune JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 809 11 system system NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 809 12 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 809 13 making make VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 809 14 them -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 809 15 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 809 16 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 809 17 recurrent recurrent JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 809 18 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 809 19 infections infection NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 809 20 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 810 1 About about RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 810 2 20 20 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 810 3 % % NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 810 4 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 810 5 those those DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 810 6 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 810 7 A A NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 810 8 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 810 9 T t NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 810 10 develop develop VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 810 11 cancer cancer NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 810 12 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 810 13 most most RBS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 810 14 frequently frequently RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 810 15 acute acute JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 810 16 lymphocytic lymphocytic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 810 17 leukemia leukemia NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 810 18 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 810 19 lymphoma lymphoma NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 810 20 suggesting suggest VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 810 21 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 810 22 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 810 23 sentinel sentinel JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 810 24 competence competence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 810 25 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 810 26 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 810 27 immune immune JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 810 28 system system NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 810 29 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 810 30 compromised compromise VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 810 31 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 811 1 Having have VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 811 2 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 811 3 focus focus NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 811 4 so so RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 811 5 close close JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 811 6 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 811 7 home home NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 811 8 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 811 9 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 811 10 powerful powerful JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 811 11 driver driver NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 811 12 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 811 13 any any DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 811 14 scientist scientist NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 811 15 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 812 1 His -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 812 2 co co NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 812 3 - - NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 812 4 founder founder NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 812 5 David David NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 812 6 Cox Cox NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 812 7 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 812 8 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 812 9 polymath polymath NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 812 10 pediatrician pediatrician NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 812 11 whose whose WP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 812 12 training training NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 812 13 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 812 14 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 812 15 latter latter NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 812 16 informs inform VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 812 17 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 812 18 application application NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 812 19 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 812 20 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 812 21 former former JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 812 22 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 812 23 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 812 24 development development NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 812 25 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 812 26 patient patient NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 812 27 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 812 28 centered center VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 812 29 tools tool NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 812 30 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 813 1 From from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 813 2 that that DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 813 3 perspective perspective NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 813 4 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 813 5 Perlegen Perlegen NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 813 6 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 813 7 stated state VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 813 8 mission mission NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 813 9 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 813 10 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 813 11 collaborate collaborate VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 813 12 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 813 13 partners partner NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 813 14 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 813 15 rescue rescue VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 813 16 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 813 17 improve improve VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 813 18 drugs drug NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 813 19 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 813 20 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 813 21 uncover uncover VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 813 22 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 813 23 genetic genetic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 813 24 bases basis NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 813 25 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 813 26 diseases disease NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 813 27 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 814 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 814 2 have have VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 814 3 created create VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 814 4 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 814 5 whole whole JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 814 6 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 814 7 association association NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 814 8 approach approach NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 814 9 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 814 10 enables enable VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 814 11 them -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 814 12 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 814 13 genotype genotype VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 814 14 millions million NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 814 15 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 814 16 unique unique JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 814 17 SNPs snp NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 814 18 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 814 19 thousands thousand NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 814 20 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 814 21 cases case NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 814 22 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 814 23 controls control NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 814 24 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 814 25 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 814 26 timeframe timeframe NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 814 27 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 814 28 months month NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 814 29 rather rather RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 814 30 than than IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 814 31 years year NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 814 32 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 815 1 As as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 815 2 mentioned mention VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 815 3 previously previously RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 815 4 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 815 5 SNP SNP NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 815 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 815 7 single single JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 815 8 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 815 9 polymorphism polymorphism NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 815 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 815 11 markers marker NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 815 12 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 815 13 preferred prefer VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 815 14 over over IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 815 15 microsatellite microsatellite JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 815 16 markers marker NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 815 17 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 815 18 association association NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 815 19 studies study NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 815 20 because because IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 815 21 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 815 22 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 815 23 abundance abundance NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 815 24 along along IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 815 25 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 815 26 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 815 27 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 815 28 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 815 29 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 815 30 low low JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 815 31 mutation mutation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 815 32 rate rate NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 815 33 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 815 34 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 815 35 accessibilities accessibility NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 815 36 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 815 37 high high JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 815 38 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 815 39 throughput throughput NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 815 40 genotyping genotyping NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 815 41 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 816 1 Since since IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 816 2 most most JJS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 816 3 diseases disease NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 816 4 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 816 5 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 816 6 indeed indeed RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 816 7 responses response NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 816 8 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 816 9 drug drug NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 816 10 interventions intervention NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 816 11 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 816 12 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 816 13 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 816 14 products product NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 816 15 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 816 16 multiple multiple JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 816 17 genetic genetic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 816 18 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 816 19 environmental environmental JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 816 20 factors factor NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 816 21 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 816 22 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 816 23 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 816 24 challenge challenge NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 816 25 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 816 26 develop develop VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 816 27 discriminating discriminate VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 816 28 diagnostics diagnostic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 816 29 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 816 30 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 816 31 even even RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 816 32 more more RBR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 816 33 so so RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 816 34 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 816 35 targetedtherapeutics targetedtherapeutic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 816 36 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 817 1 Because because IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 817 2 mutations mutation NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 817 3 involved involve VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 817 4 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 817 5 complex complex JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 817 6 diseases disease NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 817 7 act act NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 817 8 probabilisticallythat probabilisticallythat RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 817 9 is is RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 817 10 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 817 11 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 817 12 clinical clinical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 817 13 outcome outcome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 817 14 depends depend VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 817 15 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 817 16 many many JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 817 17 factors factor NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 817 18 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 817 19 addition addition NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 817 20 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 817 21 variation variation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 817 22 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 817 23 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 817 24 sequence sequence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 817 25 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 817 26 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 817 27 single single JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 817 28 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 817 29 -the -the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 817 30 effect effect NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 817 31 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 817 32 any any DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 817 33 specific specific JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 817 34 mutation mutation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 817 35 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 817 36 smaller small JJR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 817 37 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 818 1 Thus thus RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 818 2 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 818 3 such such JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 818 4 effects effect NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 818 5 can can MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 818 6 only only RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 818 7 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 818 8 revealed reveal VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 818 9 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 818 10 searching search VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 818 11 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 818 12 variants variant NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 818 13 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 818 14 differ differ VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 818 15 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 818 16 frequency frequency NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 818 17 among among IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 818 18 large large JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 818 19 numbers number NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 818 20 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 818 21 patients patient NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 818 22 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 818 23 controls control NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 818 24 drawn draw VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 818 25 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 818 26 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 818 27 general general JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 818 28 population population NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 818 29 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 819 1 Analysis analysis NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 819 2 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 819 3 these these DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 819 4 SNP SNP NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 819 5 patterns pattern NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 819 6 provides provide VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 819 7 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 819 8 powerful powerful JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 819 9 tool tool NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 819 10 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 819 11 help help VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 819 12 achieve achieve VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 819 13 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 819 14 goal goal NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 819 15 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 820 1 Although although IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 820 2 most most JJS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 820 3 bi bi JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 820 4 - - JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 820 5 alleic alleic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 820 6 SNPs snp NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 820 7 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 820 8 rare rare JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 820 9 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 820 10 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 820 11 has have VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 820 12 been be VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 820 13 estimated estimate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 820 14 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 820 15 just just RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 820 16 over over IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 820 17 5 5 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 820 18 million million CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 820 19 common common JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 820 20 SNPs SNPs NNPS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 820 21 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 820 22 each each DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 820 23 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 820 24 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 820 25 frequency frequency NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 820 26 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 820 27 between between IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 820 28 10 10 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 820 29 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 820 30 50 50 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 820 31 % % NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 820 32 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 820 33 account account VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 820 34 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 820 35 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 820 36 bulk bulk NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 820 37 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 820 38 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 820 39 DNA dna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 820 40 sequence sequence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 820 41 difference difference NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 820 42 between between IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 820 43 humans human NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 820 44 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 821 1 Such such JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 821 2 SNPs snp NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 821 3 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 821 4 present present JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 821 5 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 821 6 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 821 7 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 821 8 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 821 9 once once RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 821 10 every every DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 821 11 600 600 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 821 12 base base NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 821 13 pairs pair NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 821 14 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 821 15 so so RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 821 16 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 822 1 As as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 822 2 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 822 3 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 822 4 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 822 5 expected expect VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 822 6 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 822 7 linkage linkage NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 822 8 disequilibrium disequilibrium NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 822 9 studies study NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 822 10 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 822 11 alleles allele NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 822 12 making make VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 822 13 up up RP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 822 14 blocks block NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 822 15 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 822 16 such such JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 822 17 SNPs snp NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 822 18 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 822 19 close close JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 822 20 physical physical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 822 21 proximity proximity NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 822 22 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 822 23 often often RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 822 24 correlated correlate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 822 25 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 822 26 resulting result VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 822 27 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 822 28 reduced reduce VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 822 29 genetic genetic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 822 30 variability variability NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 822 31 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 822 32 defining define VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 822 33 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 822 34 limited limited JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 822 35 number number NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 822 36 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 822 37 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 822 38 SNP SNP NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 822 39 haplotypes haplotype NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 822 40 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 822 41 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 822 42 each each DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 822 43 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 822 44 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 822 45 reflects reflect VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 822 46 descent descent NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 822 47 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 822 48 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 822 49 single single JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 822 50 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 822 51 ancient ancient JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 822 52 ancestral ancestral JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 822 53 chromosome chromosome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 822 54 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 2 2001 2001 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 3 Cox Cox NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 4 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 5 group group NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 6 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 7 using use VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 8 high high JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 9 level level NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 10 scanning scanning NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 11 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 12 some some DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 13 old old JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 14 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 15 fashioned fashioned JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 16 somatic somatic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 17 cell cell NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 18 genetics genetic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 19 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 20 constructed construct VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 21 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 22 SNP SNP NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 23 map map NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 24 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 25 Chromosome chromosome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 26 21.The 21.the CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 27 surprising surprising JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 28 findings finding NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 29 were be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 30 blocks block NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 31 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 32 limited limited JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 33 haplotype haplotype NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 34 diversity diversity NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 35 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 36 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 37 more more JJR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 38 than than IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 39 80 80 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 40 % % NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 41 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 42 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 43 global global JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 44 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 45 sample sample NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 46 can can MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 47 typically typically RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 48 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 49 characterized characterize VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 50 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 51 only only RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 52 three three CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 53 common common JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 54 haplotypes haplotype NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 55 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 56 interestingly interestingly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 57 enough enough RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 58 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 59 prevalence prevalence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 60 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 61 each each DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 62 hapolytype hapolytype NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 63 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 64 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 65 examined examine VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 66 population population NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 67 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 68 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 69 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 823 70 ratio ratio NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 824 1 50:25:12.5).From 50:25:12.5).from CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 825 1 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 825 2 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 825 3 conclusion conclusion NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 825 4 could could MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 825 5 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 825 6 drawn draw VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 825 7 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 825 8 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 825 9 comparing compare VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 825 10 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 825 11 frequency frequency NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 825 12 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 825 13 genetic genetic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 825 14 variants variant NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 825 15 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 825 16 unrelated unrelated JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 825 17 cases case NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 825 18 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 825 19 controls control NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 825 20 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 825 21 genetic genetic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 825 22 association association NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 825 23 studies study NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 825 24 could could MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 825 25 potentially potentially RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 825 26 identify identify VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 825 27 specific specific JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 825 28 haplotypes haplotype NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 825 29 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 825 30 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 825 31 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 825 32 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 825 33 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 825 34 play play VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 825 35 important important JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 825 36 roles role NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 825 37 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 825 38 disease disease NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 825 39 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 825 40 without without IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 825 41 need need NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 825 42 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 825 43 knowledge knowledge NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 825 44 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 825 45 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 825 46 history history NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 825 47 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 825 48 source source NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 825 49 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 825 50 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 825 51 underlying underlying JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 825 52 sequence sequence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 825 53 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 825 54 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 825 55 hypothesis hypothesis NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 825 56 they -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 825 57 subsequently subsequently RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 825 58 went go VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 825 59 on on RP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 825 60 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 825 61 prove prove VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 825 62 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 826 1 Following follow VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 826 2 Cox Cox NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 826 3 et et NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 826 4 al al NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 826 5 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 827 1 pioneering pioneer VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 827 2 work work NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 827 3 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 827 4 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 827 5 blocking block VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 827 6 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 827 7 Chromosome chromosome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 827 8 21 21 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 827 9 into into IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 827 10 characteristic characteristic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 827 11 haplotypes haplotype NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 828 1 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 828 2 Tien Tien NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 828 3 Chen Chen NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 828 4 came come VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 828 5 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 828 6 visit visit VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 828 7 him -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 828 8 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 828 9 University University NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 828 10 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 828 11 Southern Southern NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 828 12 California California NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 828 13 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 828 14 following follow VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 828 15 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 828 16 visit visit NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 828 17 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 828 18 group group NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 828 19 developed develop VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 828 20 discriminating discriminate VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 828 21 algorithms algorithm NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 828 22 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 828 23 took take VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 828 24 advantage advantage NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 828 25 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 828 26 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 828 27 fact fact NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 828 28 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 828 29 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 828 30 haplotype haplotype NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 828 31 block block NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 828 32 structure structure NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 828 33 can can MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 828 34 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 828 35 decomposed decompose VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 828 36 into into IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 828 37 large large JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 828 38 blocks block NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 828 39 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 828 40 high high JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 828 41 linkage linkage NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 828 42 disequilibrium disequilibrium NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 828 43 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 828 44 relatively relatively RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 828 45 limited limited JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 828 46 haplotype haplotype NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 828 47 diversity diversity NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 828 48 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 828 49 separated separate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 828 50 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 828 51 short short JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 828 52 regions region NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 828 53 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 828 54 low low JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 828 55 disequilibrium disequilibrium NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 828 56 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 829 1 One one CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 829 2 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 829 3 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 829 4 practical practical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 829 5 implications implication NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 829 6 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 829 7 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 829 8 observation observation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 829 9 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 829 10 as as RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 829 11 suggested suggest VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 829 12 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 829 13 Cox Cox NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 829 14 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 829 15 only only RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 829 16 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 829 17 small small JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 829 18 fraction fraction NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 829 19 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 829 20 all all PDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 829 21 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 829 22 SNPs SNPs NNPS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 829 23 they -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 829 24 refer refer VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 829 25 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 829 26 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 829 27 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 829 28 tag tag NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 829 29 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 829 30 SNPs snp NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 829 31 can can MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 829 32 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 829 33 chosen choose VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 829 34 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 829 35 mapping mapping NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 829 36 genes gene NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 829 37 responsible responsible JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 829 38 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 829 39 complex complex JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 829 40 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 829 41 diseases disease NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 829 42 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 829 43 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 829 44 can can MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 829 45 significantly significantly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 829 46 reduce reduce VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 829 47 genotyping genotyping NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 829 48 effort effort NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 829 49 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 829 50 without without IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 829 51 much much JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 829 52 loss loss NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 829 53 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 829 54 power power NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 829 55 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 830 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 830 2 developed develop VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 830 3 algorithms algorithm NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 830 4 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 830 5 partition partition VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 830 6 haplotypes haplotype NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 830 7 into into IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 830 8 blocks block NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 830 9 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 830 10 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 830 11 minimum minimum JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 830 12 number number NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 830 13 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 830 14 tag tag NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 830 15 SNPs SNPs NNPS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 830 16 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 830 17 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 830 18 entire entire JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 830 19 chromosome chromosome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 830 20 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 831 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 831 2 2005 2005 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 831 3 they -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 831 4 reported report VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 831 5 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 831 6 they -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 831 7 had have VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 831 8 developed develop VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 831 9 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 831 10 optimized optimize VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 831 11 suite suite NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 831 12 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 831 13 programs program NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 831 14 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 831 15 analyze analyze VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 831 16 these these DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 831 17 block block NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 831 18 linkage linkage NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 831 19 disequilibrium disequilibrium NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 831 20 patterns pattern NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 831 21 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 831 22 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 831 23 select select VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 831 24 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 831 25 corresponding corresponding JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 831 26 tag tag NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 831 27 SNPs snp NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 831 28 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 831 29 will will MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 831 30 pick pick VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 831 31 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 831 32 minimum minimum JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 831 33 number number NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 831 34 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 831 35 tags tag NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 831 36 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 831 37 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 831 38 given give VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 831 39 criteria criterion NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 831 40 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 832 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 832 2 addition addition NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 832 3 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 832 4 updated update VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 832 5 suite suite NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 832 6 allows allow VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 832 7 haplotype haplotype NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 832 8 data datum NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 832 9 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 832 10 genotype genotype NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 832 11 data datum NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 832 12 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 832 13 unrelated unrelated JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 832 14 individuals individual NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 832 15 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 832 16 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 832 17 general general JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 832 18 pedigrees pedigree NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 832 19 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 832 20 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 832 21 analyzed analyze VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 832 22 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 1 Using use VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 2 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 3 approach approach NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 4 similar similar JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 5 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 6 Richard Richard NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 7 Michelmore Michelmore NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 8 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 9 bulk bulk JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 10 segregant segregant NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 11 analysis analysis NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 12 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 13 plants plant NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 14 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 15 more more JJR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 16 than than IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 17 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 18 decade decade NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 19 previously previously RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 20 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 21 Perlegen Perlegen NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 22 subsequently subsequently RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 23 made make VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 24 use use NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 25 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 26 these these DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 27 SNP SNP NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 28 haplotype haplotype NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 29 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 30 statistical statistical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 31 probability probability NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 32 tools tool NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 33 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 34 estimate estimate VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 35 total total JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 36 genetic genetic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 37 variability variability NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 38 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 39 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 40 particular particular JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 41 complex complex JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 42 trait trait NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 43 coded code VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 44 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 45 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 46 many many JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 47 genes gene NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 48 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 49 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 50 any any DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 51 single single JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 52 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 53 accounting accounting NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 54 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 55 no no DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 56 more more JJR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 57 than than IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 58 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 59 few few JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 60 percent percent NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 61 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 62 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 63 overall overall JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 64 variability variability NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 65 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 66 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 67 trait trait NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 833 68 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 834 1 Cox Cox NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 834 2 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 834 3 group group NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 834 4 have have VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 834 5 determined determine VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 834 6 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 834 7 fewer few JJR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 834 8 than than IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 834 9 1000 1000 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 834 10 total total JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 834 11 individuals individual NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 834 12 provide provide VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 834 13 adequate adequate JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 834 14 power power NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 834 15 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 834 16 identify identify VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 834 17 genes gene NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 834 18 accounting account VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 834 19 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 834 20 only only RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 834 21 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 834 22 few few JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 834 23 percent percent NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 834 24 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 834 25 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 834 26 overall overall JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 834 27 genetic genetic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 834 28 variability variability NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 834 29 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 834 30 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 834 31 complex complex JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 834 32 trait trait NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 834 33 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 834 34 even even RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 834 35 using use VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 834 36 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 834 37 very very RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 834 38 stringent stringent JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 834 39 significance significance NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 834 40 levels level NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 834 41 required require VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 834 42 when when WRB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 834 43 testing test VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 834 44 large large JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 834 45 numbers number NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 834 46 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 834 47 DNA dna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 834 48 variants variant NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 834 49 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 835 1 From from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 835 2 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 835 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 835 4 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 835 5 possible possible JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 835 6 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 835 7 identify identify VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 835 8 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 835 9 set set NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 835 10 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 835 11 major major JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 835 12 genetic genetic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 835 13 risk risk NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 835 14 factors factor NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 835 15 contributing contribute VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 835 16 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 835 17 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 835 18 variability variability NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 835 19 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 835 20 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 835 21 complex complex JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 835 22 disease disease NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 835 23 and/or and/or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 835 24 treatment treatment NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 835 25 response response NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 835 26 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 836 1 So so RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 836 2 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 836 3 while while IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 836 4 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 836 5 single single JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 836 6 genetic genetic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 836 7 risk risk NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 836 8 factor factor NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 836 9 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 836 10 not not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 836 11 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 836 12 good good JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 836 13 predictor predictor NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 836 14 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 836 15 treatment treatment NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 836 16 outcome outcome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 836 17 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 836 18 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 836 19 sum sum NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 836 20 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 836 21 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 836 22 large large JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 836 23 fraction fraction NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 836 24 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 836 25 risk risk NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 836 26 factors factor NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 836 27 contributing contribute VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 836 28 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 836 29 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 836 30 treatment treatment NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 836 31 response response NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 836 32 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 836 33 common common JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 836 34 disease disease NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 836 35 can can MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 836 36 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 836 37 used use VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 836 38 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 836 39 optimize optimize VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 836 40 personalized personalized JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 836 41 treatments treatment NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 836 42 without without IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 836 43 requiring require VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 836 44 knowledge knowledge NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 836 45 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 836 46 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 836 47 underlying underlie VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 836 48 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 836 49 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 836 50 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 836 51 disease disease NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 836 52 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 837 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 837 2 feel feel VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 837 3 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 837 4 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 837 5 saturating saturate VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 837 6 level level NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 837 7 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 837 8 coverage coverage NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 837 9 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 837 10 required require VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 837 11 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 837 12 produce produce VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 837 13 repeatable repeatable JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 837 14 prediction prediction NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 837 15 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 837 16 response response NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 837 17 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 837 18 medication medication NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 837 19 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 837 20 predisposition predisposition NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 837 21 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 837 22 disease disease NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 837 23 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 837 24 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 837 25 taking take VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 837 26 shortcuts shortcut NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 837 27 will will MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 837 28 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 837 29 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 837 30 most most JJS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 837 31 part part NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 837 32 lead lead VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 837 33 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 837 34 incomplete incomplete JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 837 35 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 837 36 clinically clinically RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 837 37 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 837 38 irrelevant irrelevant JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 837 39 results result NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 837 40 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 838 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 838 2 2005 2005 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 838 3 Hinds Hinds NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 838 4 et et NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 838 5 al al NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 838 6 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 839 1 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 839 2 Science Science NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 839 3 describe describe VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 839 4 even even RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 839 5 more more RBR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 839 6 dramatic dramatic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 839 7 progresss progress NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 839 8 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 840 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 840 2 describe describe VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 840 3 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 840 4 publicly publicly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 840 5 available available JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 840 6 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 840 7 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 840 8 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 840 9 wide wide JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 840 10 data datum NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 840 11 set set VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 840 12 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 840 13 1.58 1.58 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 840 14 million million CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 840 15 common common JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 840 16 singlenucleotide singlenucleotide NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 840 17 polymorphisms polymorphism NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 840 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 840 19 SNPs SNPs NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 840 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 840 21 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 840 22 have have VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 840 23 been be VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 840 24 accurately accurately RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 840 25 genotyped genotype VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 840 26 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 840 27 each each DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 840 28 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 840 29 71 71 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 840 30 people people NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 840 31 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 840 32 three three CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 840 33 population population NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 840 34 samples sample NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 840 35 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 841 1 A a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 841 2 second second JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 841 3 public public JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 841 4 data data NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 841 5 set set VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 841 6 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 841 7 more more JJR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 841 8 than than IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 841 9 1 1 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 841 10 million million CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 841 11 SNPs SNPs NNPS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 841 12 typed type VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 841 13 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 841 14 each each DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 841 15 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 841 16 270 270 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 841 17 people people NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 841 18 has have VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 841 19 been be VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 841 20 generated generate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 841 21 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 841 22 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 841 23 International International NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 841 24 Haplotype Haplotype NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 841 25 Map Map NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 841 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 841 27 HapMap HapMap NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 841 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 841 29 Project Project NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 841 30 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 842 1 These these DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 842 2 two two CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 842 3 public public JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 842 4 data data NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 842 5 sets set NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 842 6 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 842 7 combined combine VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 842 8 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 842 9 multiple multiple JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 842 10 new new JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 842 11 technologies technology NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 842 12 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 842 13 rapid rapid JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 842 14 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 842 15 inexpensive inexpensive JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 842 16 SNP SNP NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 842 17 genotyping genotyping NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 842 18 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 842 19 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 842 20 paving pave VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 842 21 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 842 22 way way NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 842 23 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 842 24 comprehensive comprehensive NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 842 25 association association NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 842 26 studies study NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 842 27 involving involve VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 842 28 common common JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 842 29 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 842 30 genetic genetic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 842 31 variations variation NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 842 32 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 843 1 Perlegen Perlegen NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 843 2 basically basically RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 843 3 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 843 4 taking take VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 843 5 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 843 6 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 843 7 next next JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 843 8 level level NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 843 9 Fodor Fodor NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 843 10 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 843 11 stated state VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 843 12 reason reason NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 843 13 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 843 14 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 843 15 creation creation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 843 16 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 843 17 Affymetrix Affymetrix NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 843 18 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 843 19 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 843 20 belief belief NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 843 21 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 843 22 understanding understand VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 843 23 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 843 24 correlation correlation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 843 25 between between IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 843 26 genetic genetic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 843 27 variability variability NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 843 28 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 843 29 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 843 30 role role NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 843 31 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 843 32 health health NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 843 33 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 843 34 disease disease NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 843 35 would would MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 843 36 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 843 37 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 843 38 next next JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 843 39 step step NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 843 40 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 843 41 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 843 42 genomics genomic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 843 43 revolution revolution NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 843 44 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 2 other other JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 3 interesting interesting JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 4 aspect aspect NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 5 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 6 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 7 level level NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 8 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 9 coverage coverage NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 10 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 11 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 12 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 13 course course NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 14 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 15 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 16 notion notion NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 17 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 18 discrete discrete JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 19 identifiable identifiable JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 20 groups group NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 21 based base VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 22 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 23 ethnicity ethnicity NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 24 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 25 centers center NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 26 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 27 origin origin NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 28 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 29 such such JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 30 breaks break NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 31 down down RP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 32 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 33 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 34 spectrum spectrum NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 35 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 36 variation variation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 37 arises arise VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 38 across across IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 39 all all DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 40 populations population NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 41 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 42 makes make VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 43 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 44 Perlegen Perlegen NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 45 chip chip NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 46 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 47 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 48 one one CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 49 level level NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 50 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 51 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 52 true true JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 53 unifier unifier NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 54 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 55 humanity humanity NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 56 but but CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 57 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 58 another another DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 59 adds add VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 60 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 61 whole whole JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 62 layer layer NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 63 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 64 complexity complexity NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 65 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 66 HMOs hmo NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 844 67 ! ! . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 1 At at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 2 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 3 turn turn NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 4 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 5 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 6 century century NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 7 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 8 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 9 personalized personalized JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 10 chip chip NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 11 approach approach NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 12 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 13 medicine medicine NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 14 received receive VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 15 some some DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 16 validation validation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 17 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 18 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 19 simpler simple JJR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 20 level level NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 21 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 22 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 23 closely closely RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 24 related related JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 25 disease disease NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 26 area area NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 27 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 28 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 29 one one NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 30 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 31 which which WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 32 one one CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 33 fifth fifth NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 34 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 35 A A NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 36 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 37 T t NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 38 patients patient NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 39 ultimately ultimately RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 40 succumb succumb VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 41 when when WRB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 42 researchers researcher NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 43 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 44 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 45 Whitehead Whitehead NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 46 Institute Institute NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 47 used use VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 48 DNA dna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 49 chips chip NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 50 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 51 distinguish distinguish VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 52 different different JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 53 forms form NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 54 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 55 leukemia leukemia NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 56 based base VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 57 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 58 patterns pattern NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 59 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 60 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 61 expression expression NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 62 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 63 different different JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 64 populations population NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 65 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 66 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 845 67 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 846 1 Moving move VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 846 2 cancer cancer NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 846 3 diagnosis diagnosis NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 846 4 away away RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 846 5 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 846 6 visually visually RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 846 7 based base VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 846 8 systems system NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 846 9 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 846 10 such such JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 846 11 molecular molecular JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 846 12 based base VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 846 13 systems system NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 846 14 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 846 15 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 846 16 major major JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 846 17 goal goal NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 846 18 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 846 19 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 846 20 National National NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 846 21 Cancer Cancer NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 846 22 Institute Institute NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 846 23 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 847 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 847 2 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 847 3 study study NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 847 4 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 847 5 scientists scientist NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 847 6 used use VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 847 7 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 847 8 DNA dna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 847 9 chip chip NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 847 10 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 847 11 examine examine VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 847 12 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 847 13 activity activity NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 847 14 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 847 15 bone bone NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 847 16 marrow marrow NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 847 17 samples sample NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 847 18 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 847 19 patients patient NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 847 20 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 847 21 two two CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 847 22 different different JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 847 23 types type NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 847 24 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 847 25 acute acute JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 847 26 leukemia leukemia NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 847 27 -acute -acute CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 847 28 myeloid myeloid NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 847 29 leukemia leukemia NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 847 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 847 31 AML AML NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 847 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 847 33 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 847 34 acute acute JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 847 35 lymphoblastic lymphoblastic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 847 36 leukemia leukemia NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 847 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 847 38 ALL all DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 847 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 847 40 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 848 1 Then then RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 848 2 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 848 3 using use VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 848 4 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 848 5 algorithm algorithm NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 848 6 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 848 7 developed develop VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 848 8 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 848 9 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 848 10 Whitehead Whitehead NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 848 11 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 848 12 they -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 848 13 identified identify VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 848 14 signature signature NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 848 15 patterns pattern NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 848 16 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 848 17 could could MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 848 18 distinguish distinguish VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 848 19 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 848 20 two two CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 848 21 types type NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 848 22 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 849 1 When when WRB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 849 2 they -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 849 3 cross cross VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 849 4 - - VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 849 5 checked check VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 849 6 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 849 7 diagnoses diagnosis NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 849 8 made make VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 849 9 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 849 10 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 849 11 chip chip NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 849 12 against against IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 849 13 known know VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 849 14 differences difference NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 849 15 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 849 16 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 849 17 two two CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 849 18 types type NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 849 19 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 849 20 leukemia leukemia NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 849 21 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 849 22 they -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 849 23 found find VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 849 24 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 849 25 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 849 26 chip chip NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 849 27 method method NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 849 28 could could MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 849 29 automatically automatically RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 849 30 make make VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 849 31 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 849 32 distinction distinction NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 849 33 between between IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 849 34 AML AML NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 849 35 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 849 36 ALL all DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 849 37 without without IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 849 38 previous previous JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 849 39 knowledge knowledge NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 849 40 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 849 41 these these DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 849 42 classes class NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 849 43 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 850 1 Taking take VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 850 2 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 850 3 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 850 4 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 850 5 level level NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 850 6 beyond beyond IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 850 7 where where WRB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 850 8 Perlegen Perlegen NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 850 9 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 850 10 initially initially RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 850 11 aiming aim VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 850 12 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 850 13 Eric Eric NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 850 14 Lander Lander NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 850 15 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 850 16 leader leader NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 850 17 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 850 18 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 850 19 study study NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 850 20 said say VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 850 21 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 850 22 mapping mapping NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 850 23 not not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 850 24 only only RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 850 25 what what WP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 850 26 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 850 27 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 850 28 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 850 29 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 850 30 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 850 31 but but CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 850 32 also also RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 850 33 what what WP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 850 34 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 850 35 things thing NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 850 36 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 850 37 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 850 38 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 850 39 do do VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 850 40 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 850 41 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 850 42 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 850 43 real real JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 850 44 secret secret NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 850 45 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 850 46 comprehending comprehend VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 850 47 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 850 48 ultimately ultimately RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 850 49 curing cure VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 850 50 cancer cancer NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 850 51 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 850 52 other other JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 850 53 diseases disease NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 850 54 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 851 1 Chips chip NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 851 2 gained gain VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 851 3 recognition recognition NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 851 4 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 851 5 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 851 6 world world NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 851 7 stage stage NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 851 8 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 851 9 2003 2003 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 851 10 when when WRB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 851 11 they -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 851 12 played play VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 851 13 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 851 14 key key JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 851 15 role role NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 851 16 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 851 17 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 851 18 search search NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 851 19 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 851 20 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 851 21 cause cause NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 851 22 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 851 23 Severe severe JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 851 24 Acute acute JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 851 25 Respiratory Respiratory NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 851 26 Syndrome Syndrome NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 851 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 851 28 SARS SARS NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 851 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 851 30 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 851 31 probably probably RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 851 32 won win VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 851 33 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 851 34 McArthur McArthur NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 851 35 genius genius NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 851 36 award award NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 851 37 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 851 38 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 851 39 creator creator NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 851 40 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 1 UCSF UCSF NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 2 Assistant Assistant NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 3 Professor Professor NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 4 Joseph Joseph NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 5 DeRisi DeRisi NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 6 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 7 already already RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 8 famous famous JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 9 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 10 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 11 scientific scientific JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 12 community community NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 13 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 14 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 15 wunderkind wunderkind NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 16 originator originator NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 17 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 18 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 19 online online JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 20 DIY diy NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 21 chip chip NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 22 maker maker NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 23 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 24 Pat Pat NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 25 Brown Brown NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 26 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 27 lab lab NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 28 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 29 Stanford Stanford NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 30 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 31 built build VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 32 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 33 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 34 microarray microarray NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 35 containing contain VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 36 all all DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 37 known know VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 38 completely completely RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 39 sequenced sequence VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 40 viruses virus NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 42 12,000 12,000 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 43 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 44 them -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 46 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 47 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 48 using use VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 49 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 50 robot robot NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 51 arm arm NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 52 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 53 he -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 54 also also RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 55 customized customize VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 56 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 57 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 58 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 59 three three CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 60 day day NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 61 period period NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 62 used use VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 63 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 64 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 65 classify classify VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 66 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 67 pathogen pathogen NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 68 isolated isolate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 69 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 70 SARS SARS NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 71 patients patient NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 72 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 73 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 74 novel novel JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 75 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 852 76 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 853 1 When when WRB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 853 2 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 853 3 whole whole JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 853 4 galaxy galaxy NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 853 5 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 853 6 dots dot NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 853 7 lit light VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 853 8 up up RP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 853 9 across across IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 853 10 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 853 11 spectrum spectrum NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 853 12 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 853 13 known know VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 853 14 vertebrate vertebrate NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 853 15 cornoviruses cornoviruse NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 854 1 DeRisis DeRisis NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 854 2 knew know VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 854 3 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 854 4 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 854 5 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 854 6 new new JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 854 7 variant variant NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 854 8 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 855 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 855 2 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 855 3 sequence sequence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 855 4 had have VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 855 5 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 855 6 hottest hot JJS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 855 7 signal signal NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 855 8 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 855 9 Avian avian JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 855 10 Infectious Infectious NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 855 11 Bronchitis Bronchitis NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 855 12 Virus Virus NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 855 13 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 856 1 His -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 856 2 work work NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 856 3 subsequently subsequently RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 856 4 led lead VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 856 5 epidemiologists epidemiologist NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 856 6 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 856 7 target target VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 856 8 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 856 9 masked masked JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 856 10 palm palm NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 856 11 civet civet NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 856 12 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 856 13 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 856 14 tree tree NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 856 15 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 856 16 dwelling dwell VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 856 17 animal animal NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 856 18 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 856 19 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 856 20 weasel weasel NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 856 21 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 856 22 like like JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 856 23 face face NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 856 24 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 856 25 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 856 26 catlike catlike JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 856 27 body body NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 856 28 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 856 29 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 856 30 probable probable JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 856 31 primary primary JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 856 32 host host NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 856 33 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 857 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 857 2 role role NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 857 3 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 857 4 DeRisi DeRisi NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 857 5 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 857 6 team team NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 857 7 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 857 8 UCSF UCSF NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 857 9 played play VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 857 10 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 857 11 identifying identify VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 857 12 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 857 13 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 857 14 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 857 15 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 857 16 suspected suspect VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 857 17 cause cause NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 857 18 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 857 19 SARS SARS NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 857 20 came come VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 857 21 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 857 22 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 857 23 attention attention NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 857 24 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 857 25 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 857 26 national national JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 857 27 media medium NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 857 28 when when WRB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 857 29 CDC CDC NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 857 30 Director Director NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 857 31 Dr. Dr. NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 857 32 Julie Julie NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 857 33 Gerberding Gerberding NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 857 34 recognized recognize VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 857 35 Joe Joe NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 857 36 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 857 37 March March NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 857 38 24 24 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 857 39 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 857 40 2003 2003 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 857 41 press press NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 857 42 conference conference NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 857 43 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 857 44 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 857 45 2004 2004 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 857 46 when when WRB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 857 47 Joe Joe NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 857 48 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 857 49 honored honor VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 857 50 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 857 51 one one CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 857 52 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 857 53 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 857 54 coveted coveted JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 857 55 McArthur McArthur NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 857 56 genius genius NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 857 57 awards award NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 857 58 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 858 1 This this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 858 2 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 858 3 other other JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 858 4 tools tool NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 858 5 arising arise VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 858 6 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 858 7 information information NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 858 8 gathered gather VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 858 9 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 858 10 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 858 11 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 858 12 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 858 13 sequence sequence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 858 14 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 858 15 complementary complementary JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 858 16 discoveries discovery NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 858 17 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 858 18 cell cell NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 858 19 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 858 20 molecular molecular JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 858 21 biology biology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 858 22 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 858 23 new new JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 858 24 tools tool NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 858 25 such such JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 858 26 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 858 27 gene gene NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 858 28 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 858 29 expression expression NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 858 30 profiling profiling NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 858 31 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 858 32 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 858 33 proteomics proteomic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 858 34 analysis analysis NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 858 35 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 858 36 converging converge VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 858 37 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 858 38 finally finally RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 858 39 show show VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 858 40 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 858 41 rapid rapid JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 858 42 robust robust JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 858 43 diagnostics diagnostic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 858 44 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 858 45 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 858 46 rational rational JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 858 47 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 858 48 drug drug NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 858 49 design design NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 858 50 has have VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 858 51 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 858 52 future future NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 858 53 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 858 54 disease disease NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 858 55 research research NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 858 56 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 859 1 Another another DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 859 2 virus virus NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 859 3 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 859 4 puts put VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 859 5 SARS SARS NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 859 6 deaths death NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 859 7 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 859 8 perspective perspective NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 859 9 benefitted benefit VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 859 10 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 859 11 rational rational JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 859 12 drug drug NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 859 13 design design NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 859 14 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 859 15 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 859 16 turn turn NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 859 17 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 859 18 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 859 19 century century NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 859 20 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 860 1 Influenza influenza NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 860 2 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 860 3 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 860 4 flu flu NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 860 5 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 860 6 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 860 7 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 860 8 acute acute JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 860 9 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 860 10 infection infection NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 860 11 caused cause VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 860 12 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 860 13 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 860 14 variety variety NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 860 15 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 860 16 influenza influenza NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 860 17 viruses virus NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 860 18 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 861 1 Each each DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 861 2 year year NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 861 3 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 861 4 up up IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 861 5 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 861 6 40 40 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 861 7 million million CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 861 8 Americans Americans NNPS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 861 9 develop develop VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 861 10 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 861 11 flu flu NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 861 12 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 861 13 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 861 14 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 861 15 average average NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 861 16 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 861 17 about about IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 861 18 150,000 150,000 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 861 19 being be VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 861 20 hospitalized hospitalize VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 861 21 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 861 22 10,000 10,000 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 861 23 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 861 24 40,000 40,000 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 861 25 people people NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 861 26 dying die VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 861 27 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 861 28 influenza influenza NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 861 29 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 861 30 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 861 31 complications complication NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 861 32 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 862 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 862 2 use use NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 862 3 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 862 4 current current JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 862 5 influenza influenza NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 862 6 treatments treatment NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 862 7 has have VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 862 8 been be VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 862 9 limited limit VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 862 10 due due IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 862 11 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 862 12 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 862 13 lack lack NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 862 14 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 862 15 activity activity NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 862 16 against against IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 862 17 all all DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 862 18 influenza influenza NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 862 19 strains strain NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 862 20 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 862 21 adverse adverse JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 862 22 side side NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 862 23 effects effect NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 862 24 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 862 25 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 862 26 rapid rapid JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 862 27 development development NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 862 28 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 862 29 viral viral JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 862 30 resistance resistance NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 862 31 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 863 1 Influenza influenza NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 863 2 costs cost VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 863 3 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 863 4 United United NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 863 5 States States NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 863 6 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 863 7 annual annual JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 863 8 $ $ $ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 863 9 14.6 14.6 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 863 10 billion billion CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 863 11 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 863 12 physician physician NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 863 13 visits visit NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 863 14 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 863 15 lost lose VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 863 16 productivity productivity NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 863 17 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 863 18 lost lost JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 863 19 wages wage NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 863 20 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 864 1 And and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 864 2 least least JJS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 864 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 864 4 still still RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 864 5 dismiss dismiss VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 864 6 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 864 7 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 864 8 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 864 9 nuisance nuisance NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 864 10 we -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 864 11 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 864 12 well well JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 864 13 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 864 14 remember remember VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 864 15 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 864 16 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 864 17 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 864 18 Spanish spanish JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 864 19 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 864 20 influenza influenza NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 864 21 pandemic pandemic NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 864 22 killed kill VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 864 23 over over IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 864 24 20 20 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 864 25 million million CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 864 26 people people NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 864 27 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 864 28 1918 1918 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 864 29 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 864 30 1919 1919 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 864 31 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 864 32 making make VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 864 33 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 864 34 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 864 35 worst bad JJS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 864 36 infectious infectious JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 864 37 pandemic pandemic NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 864 38 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 864 39 history history NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 864 40 beating beat VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 864 41 out out RP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 864 42 even even RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 864 43 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 864 44 more more RBR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 864 45 notorious notorious JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 864 46 black black JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 864 47 death death NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 864 48 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 864 49 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 864 50 Middle Middle NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 864 51 Ages Ages NNPS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 864 52 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 865 1 This this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 865 2 fear fear NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 865 3 has have VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 865 4 been be VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 865 5 rekindled rekindle VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 865 6 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 865 7 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 865 8 dreaded dreaded JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 865 9 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 865 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 865 11 H H NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 865 12 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 865 13 haemaglutenin haemaglutenin NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 865 14 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 865 15 N N NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 865 16 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 865 17 neuraminidase neuraminidase NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 865 18 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 865 19 described describe VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 865 20 below below IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 865 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 865 22 strain strain NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 865 23 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 865 24 bird bird NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 865 25 flu flu NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 865 26 has have VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 865 27 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 865 28 potential potential NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 865 29 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 865 30 mutate mutate VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 865 31 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 865 32 recognise recognise VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 865 33 homo homo NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 865 34 sapiens sapiens NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 865 35 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 865 36 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 865 37 desirable desirable JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 865 38 host host NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 865 39 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 866 1 Since since IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 866 2 RNA RNA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 866 3 viruses virus NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 866 4 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 866 5 notoriously notoriously RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 866 6 faulty faulty JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 866 7 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 866 8 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 866 9 replication replication NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 866 10 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 866 11 accelerated accelerate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 866 12 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 866 13 process process NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 866 14 gives give VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 866 15 then then RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 866 16 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 866 17 distinct distinct JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 866 18 advantage advantage NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 866 19 when when WRB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 866 20 adapting adapt VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 866 21 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 866 22 new new JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 866 23 environments environment NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 866 24 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 866 25 therefore therefore RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 866 26 finding find VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 866 27 more more RBR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 866 28 amenable amenable JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 866 29 hosts host NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 866 30 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 867 1 Although although IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 867 2 inactivated inactivate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 867 3 influenza influenza NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 867 4 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 867 5 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 867 6 available available JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 867 7 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 867 8 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 867 9 efficacy efficacy NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 867 10 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 867 11 suboptimal suboptimal JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 867 12 partly partly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 867 13 because because IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 867 14 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 867 15 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 867 16 limited limited JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 867 17 ability ability NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 867 18 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 867 19 elicit elicit VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 867 20 local local JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 867 21 IgA iga NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 867 22 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 867 23 cytotoxic cytotoxic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 867 24 T T NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 867 25 cell cell NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 867 26 responses response NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 867 27 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 868 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 868 2 choices choice NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 868 3 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 868 4 treatments treatment NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 868 5 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 868 6 preventions prevention NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 868 7 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 868 8 influenza influenza NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 868 9 hold hold VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 868 10 much much RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 868 11 more more JJR cord-016293-pyb00pt5 868 12 promise promise NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 868 13 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 868 14 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 868 15 millennium millennium NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 868 16 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 869 1 Clinical clinical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 869 2 trials trial NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 869 3 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 869 4 cold cold NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 869 5 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 869 6 adapted adapt VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 869 7 live live JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 869 8 influenza influenza NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 869 9 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 869 10 now now RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 869 11 under under IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 869 12 way way NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 869 13 suggest suggest VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 869 14 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 869 15 such such JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 869 16 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 869 17 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 869 18 optimally optimally RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 869 19 attenuated attenuate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 869 20 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 869 21 so so IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 869 22 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 869 23 they -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 869 24 will will MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 869 25 not not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 869 26 cause cause VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 869 27 influenza influenza NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 869 28 symptoms symptom NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 869 29 but but CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 869 30 will will MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 869 31 still still RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 869 32 induce induce VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 869 33 protective protective JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 869 34 immunity immunity NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 869 35 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 870 1 Aviron Aviron NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 870 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 870 3 Mountain Mountain NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 870 4 View View NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 870 5 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 870 6 CA CA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 870 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 870 8 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 870 9 BioChem BioChem NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 870 10 Pharma Pharma NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 870 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 870 12 Laval Laval NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 870 13 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 870 14 Quebec Quebec NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 870 15 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 870 16 Canada Canada NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 870 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 870 18 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 870 19 Merck Merck NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 870 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 870 21 Whitehouse Whitehouse NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 870 22 Station Station NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 870 23 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 870 24 NJ NJ NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 870 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 870 26 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 870 27 Chiron Chiron NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 870 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 870 29 Emeryville Emeryville NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 870 30 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 870 31 CA CA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 870 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 870 33 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 870 34 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 870 35 Cortecs Cortecs NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 870 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 870 37 London London NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 870 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 870 39 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 870 40 all all DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 870 41 had have VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 870 42 influenza influenza NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 870 43 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 870 44 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 870 45 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 870 46 clinic clinic NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 870 47 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 870 48 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 870 49 turn turn NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 870 50 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 870 51 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 870 52 century century NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 870 53 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 870 54 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 870 55 some some DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 870 56 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 870 57 them -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 870 58 given give VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 870 59 intra intra RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 870 60 - - JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 870 61 nasally nasally RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 870 62 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 870 63 orally orally RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 870 64 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 871 1 Meanwhile meanwhile RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 871 2 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 871 3 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 871 4 team team NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 871 5 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 871 6 Gilead Gilead NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 871 7 Sciences Sciences NNPS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 871 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 871 9 Foster Foster NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 871 10 City City NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 871 11 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 871 12 CA CA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 871 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 871 14 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 871 15 Hoffmann Hoffmann NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 871 16 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 871 17 La La NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 871 18 Roche Roche NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 871 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 871 20 Basel Basel NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 871 21 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 871 22 Switzerland Switzerland NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 871 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 871 24 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 871 25 also also RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 871 26 GlaxoWellcome GlaxoWellcome NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 871 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 871 28 London London NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 871 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 871 30 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 871 31 2000 2000 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 871 32 put put VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 871 33 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 871 34 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 871 35 market market NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 871 36 neuraminidase neuraminidase FW cord-016293-pyb00pt5 871 37 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 871 38 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 871 39 block block VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 871 40 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 871 41 replication replication NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 871 42 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 871 43 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 871 44 influenza influenza NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 871 45 virus virus NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 871 46 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 872 1 Gilead Gilead NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 872 2 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 872 3 one one CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 872 4 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 872 5 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 872 6 first first JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 872 7 biotechnology biotechnology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 872 8 companies company NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 872 9 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 872 10 come come VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 872 11 out out RP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 872 12 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 872 13 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 872 14 anti anti JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 872 15 - - JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 872 16 flu flu JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 872 17 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 872 18 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 873 1 Tamiflu Tamiflu NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 873 2 ™ ™ , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 873 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 873 4 oseltamivir oseltamivir FW cord-016293-pyb00pt5 873 5 phosphate phosphate NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 873 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 873 7 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 873 8 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 873 9 first first JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 873 10 flu flu NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 873 11 pill pill NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 873 12 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 873 13 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 873 14 new new JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 873 15 class class NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 873 16 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 873 17 drugs drug NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 873 18 called call VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 873 19 neuraminidase neuraminidase NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 873 20 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 873 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 873 22 NI NI NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 873 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 873 24 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 873 25 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 873 26 designed design VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 873 27 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 873 28 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 873 29 active active JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 873 30 against against IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 873 31 all all DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 873 32 common common JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 873 33 strains strain NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 873 34 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 873 35 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 873 36 influenza influenza NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 873 37 virus virus NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 873 38 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 874 1 Neuraminidase Neuraminidase NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 874 2 inhibitors inhibitor NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 874 3 block block VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 874 4 viral viral JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 874 5 replication replication NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 874 6 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 874 7 targeting target VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 874 8 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 874 9 site site NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 874 10 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 874 11 one one CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 874 12 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 874 13 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 874 14 two two CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 874 15 main main JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 874 16 surface surface NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 874 17 structures structure NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 874 18 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 874 19 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 874 20 influenza influenza NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 874 21 virus virus NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 874 22 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 874 23 preventing prevent VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 874 24 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 874 25 virus virus NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 874 26 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 874 27 infecting infect VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 874 28 new new JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 874 29 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 874 30 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 875 1 Neuraminidase Neuraminidase NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 875 2 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 875 3 found find VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 875 4 protruding protrude VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 875 5 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 875 6 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 875 7 surface surface NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 875 8 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 875 9 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 875 10 two two CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 875 11 main main JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 875 12 types type NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 875 13 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 875 14 influenza influenza NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 875 15 virus virus NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 875 16 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 875 17 type type NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 875 18 A a NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 875 19 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 875 20 type type NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 876 1 B. B. NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 877 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 877 2 enables enable VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 877 3 newly newly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 877 4 formed form VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 877 5 viral viral JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 877 6 particles particle NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 877 7 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 877 8 travel travel VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 877 9 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 877 10 one one CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 877 11 cell cell NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 877 12 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 877 13 another another DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 877 14 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 877 15 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 877 16 body body NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 877 17 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 878 1 Tamiflu Tamiflu NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 878 2 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 878 3 designed design VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 878 4 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 878 5 prevent prevent VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 878 6 all all DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 878 7 common common JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 878 8 strains strain NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 878 9 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 878 10 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 878 11 influenza influenza NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 878 12 virus virus NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 878 13 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 878 14 replicating replicate VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 878 15 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 879 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 879 2 replication replication NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 879 3 process process NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 879 4 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 879 5 what what WP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 879 6 contributes contribute VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 879 7 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 879 8 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 879 9 worsening worsen VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 879 10 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 879 11 symptoms symptom NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 879 12 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 879 13 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 879 14 person person NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 879 15 infected infect VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 879 16 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 879 17 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 879 18 influenza influenza NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 879 19 virus virus NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 879 20 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 880 1 By by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 880 2 inactivating inactivate VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 880 3 neuraminidase neuraminidase NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 880 4 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 880 5 viral viral JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 880 6 replication replication NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 880 7 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 880 8 stopped stop VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 880 9 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 880 10 halting halt VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 880 11 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 880 12 influenza influenza NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 880 13 virus virus NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 880 14 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 880 15 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 880 16 tracks track NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 880 17 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 881 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 881 2 marked marked JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 881 3 contrast contrast NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 881 4 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 881 5 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 881 6 usual usual JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 881 7 protracted protracted JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 881 8 process process NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 881 9 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 881 10 clinical clinical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 881 11 trials trial NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 881 12 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 881 13 new new JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 881 14 therapeutics therapeutic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 881 15 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 881 16 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 881 17 road road NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 881 18 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 881 19 conception conception NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 881 20 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 881 21 application application NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 881 22 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 881 23 Tamiflu Tamiflu NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 881 24 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 881 25 remarkably remarkably RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 881 26 expeditious expeditious JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 881 27 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 882 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 882 2 1996 1996 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 882 3 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 882 4 Gilead Gilead NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 882 5 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 882 6 Hoffmann Hoffmann NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 882 7 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 882 8 La La NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 882 9 Roche Roche NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 882 10 entered enter VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 882 11 into into IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 882 12 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 882 13 collaborative collaborative JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 882 14 agreement agreement NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 882 15 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 882 16 develop develop VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 882 17 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 882 18 market market NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 882 19 therapies therapy NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 882 20 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 882 21 treat treat VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 882 22 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 882 23 prevent prevent VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 882 24 viral viral JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 882 25 influenza influenza NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 882 26 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 883 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 883 2 1999 1999 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 883 3 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 883 4 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 883 5 Gilead Gilead NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 883 6 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 883 7 worldwide worldwide JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 883 8 development development NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 883 9 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 883 10 marketing marketing NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 883 11 partner partner NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 883 12 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 883 13 Roche Roche NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 883 14 led lead VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 883 15 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 883 16 final final JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 883 17 development development NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 883 18 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 883 19 Tamiflu Tamiflu NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 883 20 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 883 21 26 26 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 883 22 months month NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 883 23 after after IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 883 24 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 883 25 first first JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 883 26 patient patient NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 883 27 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 883 28 dosed dose VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 883 29 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 883 30 clinical clinical JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 883 31 trials trial NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 883 32 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 883 33 April April NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 883 34 1999 1999 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 883 35 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 883 36 Roche Roche NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 883 37 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 883 38 Gilead Gilead NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 883 39 announced announce VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 883 40 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 883 41 submission submission NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 883 42 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 883 43 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 883 44 New New NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 883 45 Drug Drug NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 883 46 Application Application NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 883 47 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 883 48 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 883 49 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 883 50 Food Food NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 883 51 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 883 52 Drug Drug NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 883 53 Administration Administration NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 883 54 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 883 55 FDA FDA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 883 56 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 883 57 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 883 58 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 883 59 treatment treatment NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 883 60 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 883 61 influenza influenza NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 883 62 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 884 1 Additionally additionally RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 884 2 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 884 3 Roche Roche NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 884 4 filed file VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 884 5 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 884 6 Marketing Marketing NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 884 7 Authorisation Authorisation NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 884 8 Application Application NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 884 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 884 10 MAA MAA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 884 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 884 12 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 884 13 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 884 14 European European NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 884 15 Union Union NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 884 16 under under IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 884 17 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 884 18 centralized centralized JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 884 19 procedure procedure NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 884 20 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 884 21 early early JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 884 22 May May NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 884 23 1999 1999 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 884 24 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 885 1 Six six CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 885 2 months month NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 885 3 later later RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 885 4 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 885 5 October October NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 885 6 1999 1999 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 885 7 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 885 8 Gilead Gilead NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 885 9 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 885 10 Roche Roche NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 885 11 announced announce VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 885 12 that that IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 885 13 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 885 14 FDA FDA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 885 15 approved approve VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 885 16 Tamiflu Tamiflu NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 885 17 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 885 18 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 885 19 treatment treatment NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 885 20 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 885 21 influenza influenza NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 885 22 A a NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 885 23 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 885 24 B b NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 885 25 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 885 26 adults adult NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 885 27 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 886 1 These these DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 886 2 accelerated accelerate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 886 3 efforts effort NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 886 4 allowed allow VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 886 5 Tamiflu Tamiflu NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 886 6 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 886 7 reach reach VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 886 8 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 886 9 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 886 10 market market NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 886 11 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 886 12 time time NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 886 13 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 886 14 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 886 15 1999 1999 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 886 16 - - SYM cord-016293-pyb00pt5 886 17 2000 2000 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 886 18 flu flu NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 886 19 season season NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 886 20 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 887 1 One one CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 887 2 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 887 3 Gilead Gilead NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 887 4 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 887 5 studies study NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 887 6 showed show VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 887 7 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 887 8 increase increase NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 887 9 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 887 10 efficacy efficacy NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 887 11 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 887 12 60 60 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 887 13 % % NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 887 14 when when WRB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 887 15 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 887 16 vaccine vaccine NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 887 17 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 887 18 used use VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 887 19 alone alone RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 887 20 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 887 21 92 92 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 887 22 % % NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 887 23 when when WRB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 887 24 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 887 25 vaccine vaccine NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 887 26 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 887 27 used use VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 887 28 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 887 29 conjunction conjunction NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 887 30 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 887 31 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 887 32 neuraminidase neuraminidase NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 887 33 inhibitor inhibitor NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 887 34 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 888 1 Outside outside IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 888 2 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 888 3 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 888 4 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 888 5 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 888 6 Tamiflu Tamiflu NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 888 7 also also RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 888 8 has have VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 888 9 been be VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 888 10 approved approve VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 888 11 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 888 12 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 888 13 treatment treatment NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 888 14 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 888 15 influenza influenza NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 888 16 A a NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 888 17 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 888 18 B B NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 888 19 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 888 20 Argentina Argentina NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 888 21 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 888 22 Brazil Brazil NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 888 23 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 888 24 Canada Canada NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 888 25 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 888 26 Mexico Mexico NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 888 27 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 888 28 Peru Peru NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 888 29 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 888 30 Switzerland Switzerland NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 888 31 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 889 1 Regulatory regulatory JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 889 2 review review NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 889 3 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 889 4 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 889 5 Tamiflu Tamiflu NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 889 6 MAA MAA NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 889 7 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 889 8 European european JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 889 9 authorities authority NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 889 10 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 889 11 ongoing ongoing JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 889 12 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 1 With with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 2 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 3 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 4 birdflu birdflu NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 5 strain strain NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 6 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 7 relentless relentless JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 8 march march NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 10 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 11 rather rather RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 12 flight flight NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 14 across across IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 15 Asia Asia NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 16 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 17 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 18 2006 2006 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 19 through through IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 20 Eastern Eastern NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 21 Europe Europe NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 22 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 23 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 24 French french JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 25 farmyard farmyard NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 26 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 27 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 28 unwelcome unwelcome JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 29 stowaway stowaway NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 30 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 31 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 32 winged winged JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 33 migration migration NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 34 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 35 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 36 no no DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 37 vaccine vaccine NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 38 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 39 sight sight NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 40 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 41 Tamiflu Tamiflu NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 42 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 43 although although IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 44 untested untested JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 45 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 46 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 47 species species NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 48 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 49 seen see VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 50 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 51 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 52 last last JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 53 line line NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 54 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 55 defense defense NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 56 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 57 now now RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 58 being be VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 59 horded horde VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 60 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 61 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 62 patented patent VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 63 production production NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 64 right right NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 65 's be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 66 fought fight VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 67 over over RP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 68 like like IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 69 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 70 alchemist alchemist NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 71 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 72 formula formula NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 890 73 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 891 1 Tamiflu Tamiflu NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 891 2 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 891 3 main main JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 891 4 competitor competitor NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 891 5 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 891 6 Zanamivir Zanamivir NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 891 7 marketed market VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 891 8 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 891 9 Relenza Relenza NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 891 10 ™ ™ NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 891 11 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 891 12 one one CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 891 13 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 891 14 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 891 15 group group NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 891 16 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 891 17 molecules molecule NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 891 18 developed develop VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 891 19 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 891 20 GlaxoWellcome GlaxoWellcome NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 891 21 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 891 22 academic academic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 891 23 collaborators collaborator NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 891 24 using use VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 891 25 structure structure NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 891 26 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 891 27 based base VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 891 28 drug drug NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 891 29 design design NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 891 30 methods method NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 891 31 targeted target VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 891 32 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 891 33 like like IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 891 34 Tamiflu Tamiflu NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 891 35 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 891 36 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 891 37 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 891 38 region region NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 891 39 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 891 40 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 891 41 neuraminidase neuraminidase NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 891 42 surface surface NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 891 43 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 891 44 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 891 45 influenza influenza NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 891 46 viruses virus NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 891 47 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 891 48 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 891 49 highly highly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 891 50 conserved conserve VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 891 51 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 891 52 strain strain NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 891 53 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 891 54 strain strain VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 891 55 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 892 1 Glaxo Glaxo NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 892 2 filed file VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 892 3 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 892 4 marketing marketing NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 892 5 approval approval NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 892 6 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 892 7 Relenza Relenza NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 892 8 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 892 9 Europe Europe NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 892 10 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 892 11 Canada Canada NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 892 12 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 893 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 893 2 Food Food NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 893 3 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 893 4 Drug Drug NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 893 5 Administration Administration NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 893 6 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 893 7 accelerated accelerate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 893 8 drug drug NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 893 9 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 893 10 approval approval NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 893 11 timetable timetable NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 893 12 began begin VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 893 13 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 893 14 show show VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 893 15 results result NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 893 16 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 893 17 2001 2001 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 893 18 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 893 19 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 893 20 evaluation evaluation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 893 21 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 893 22 Novartis Novartis NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 893 23 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 893 24 Gleevec Gleevec NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 893 25 took take VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 893 26 just just RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 893 27 three three CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 893 28 months month NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 893 29 compared compare VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 893 30 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 893 31 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 893 32 standard standard JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 893 33 10 10 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 893 34 - - SYM cord-016293-pyb00pt5 893 35 12 12 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 893 36 months month NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 893 37 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 894 1 Another another DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 894 2 factor factor NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 894 3 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 894 4 improving improve VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 894 5 biotherapeutic biotherapeutic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 894 6 fortunes fortune NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 894 7 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 894 8 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 894 9 new new JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 894 10 century century NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 894 11 was be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 894 12 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 894 13 staggering staggering JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 894 14 profits profit NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 894 15 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 894 16 early early JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 894 17 successes success NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 894 18 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 895 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 895 2 2003 2003 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 895 3 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 895 4 $ $ $ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 895 5 1.9 1.9 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 895 6 billion billion CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 895 7 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 895 8 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 895 9 $ $ $ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 895 10 3.3 3.3 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 895 11 billion billion CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 895 12 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 895 13 revenue revenue NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 895 14 collected collect VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 895 15 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 895 16 Genentech Genentech NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 895 17 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 895 18 South South NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 895 19 San San NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 895 20 Francisco Francisco NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 895 21 came come VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 895 22 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 895 23 oncology oncology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 895 24 products product NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 895 25 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 895 26 mostly mostly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 895 27 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 895 28 monoclonal monoclonal JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 895 29 antibody antibody NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 895 30 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 895 31 based base VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 895 32 drugs drug NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 895 33 Rituxan Rituxan NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 895 34 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 895 35 used use VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 895 36 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 895 37 treat treat VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 895 38 non non JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 895 39 - - JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 895 40 Hodgkin Hodgkin NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 895 41 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 895 42 lymphoma lymphoma NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 895 43 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 895 44 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 895 45 Herceptin Herceptin NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 895 46 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 895 47 breast breast NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 895 48 cancer cancer NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 895 49 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 896 1 In in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 896 2 fact fact NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 896 3 two two CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 896 4 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 896 5 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 896 6 first first JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 896 7 cancer cancer NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 896 8 drugs drug NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 896 9 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 896 10 use use VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 896 11 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 896 12 new new JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 896 13 tools tool NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 896 14 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 896 15 ' ' `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 896 16 rational rational JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 896 17 ' ' '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 896 18 design design NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 896 19 Herceptin Herceptin NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 896 20 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 896 21 Gleevec Gleevec NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 896 22 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 896 23 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 896 24 small small JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 896 25 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 896 26 molecule molecule NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 896 27 chemotherapeutic chemotherapeutic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 896 28 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 896 29 some some DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 896 30 forms form NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 896 31 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 896 32 leukemia leukemia NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 896 33 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 896 34 proving prove VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 896 35 successful successful JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 896 36 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 896 37 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 896 38 others other NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 896 39 such such JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 896 40 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 896 41 Avastin Avastin NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 896 42 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 896 43 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 896 44 anti anti JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 896 45 - - JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 896 46 vascular vascular JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 896 47 endothelial endothelial JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 896 48 growth growth NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 896 49 factor factor NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 896 50 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 896 51 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 896 52 colon colon NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 896 53 cancer cancer NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 896 54 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 896 55 Erbitux Erbitux NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 896 56 are be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 896 57 already already RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 896 58 following follow VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 896 59 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 896 60 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 896 61 footsteps footstep NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 896 62 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 897 1 Gleevec Gleevec NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 897 2 led lead VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 897 3 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 897 4 way way NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 897 5 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 897 6 exploiting exploit VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 897 7 signal signal NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 897 8 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 897 9 transduction transduction NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 897 10 pathways pathway NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 897 11 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 897 12 treat treat VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 897 13 cancer cancer NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 897 14 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 897 15 it -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 897 16 blocks block VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 897 17 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 897 18 mutant mutant JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 897 19 form form NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 897 20 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 897 21 tyrosine tyrosine NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 897 22 kinase kinase NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 897 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 897 24 termed term VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 897 25 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 897 26 Philadelphia Philadelphia NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 897 27 translocation translocation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 897 28 recognized recognize VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 897 29 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 897 30 1960 1960 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 897 31 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 897 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-016293-pyb00pt5 897 33 that that WDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 897 34 can can MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 897 35 help help VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 897 36 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 897 37 trigger trigger VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 897 38 out out RP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 897 39 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 897 40 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 897 41 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 897 42 control control NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 897 43 cell cell NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 897 44 division division NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 897 45 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 898 1 About about RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 898 2 25 25 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 898 3 % % NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 898 4 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 898 5 biotech biotech JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 898 6 companies company NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 898 7 raising raise VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 898 8 venture venture NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 898 9 capital capital NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 898 10 during during IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 898 11 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 898 12 third third JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 898 13 quarter quarter NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 898 14 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 898 15 2003 2003 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 898 16 listed list VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 898 17 cancer cancer NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 898 18 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 898 19 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 898 20 primary primary JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 898 21 focus focus NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 898 22 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 898 23 according accord VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 898 24 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 898 25 online online JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 898 26 newsletter newsletter NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 898 27 VentureReporter VentureReporter NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 898 28 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 899 1 By by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 899 2 2002 2002 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 899 3 according accord VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 899 4 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 899 5 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 899 6 Pharmaceutical Pharmaceutical NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 899 7 Research Research NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 899 8 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 899 9 Manufacturers Manufacturers NNPS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 899 10 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 899 11 America America NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 899 12 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 899 13 402 402 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 899 14 medicines medicine NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 899 15 were be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 899 16 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 899 17 development development NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 899 18 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 899 19 cancer cancer NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 899 20 up up RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 899 21 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 899 22 215 215 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 899 23 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 899 24 1996 1996 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 899 25 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 900 1 Another another DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 900 2 new new JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 900 3 avenue avenue NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 900 4 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 900 5 cancer cancer NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 900 6 research research NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 900 7 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 900 8 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 900 9 combine combine VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 900 10 drugs drug NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 900 11 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 901 1 Wyeth Wyeth NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 901 2 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 901 3 Mylotarg Mylotarg NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 901 4 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 901 5 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 901 6 instance instance NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 901 7 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 901 8 links link VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 901 9 an an DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 901 10 antibody antibody NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 901 11 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 901 12 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 901 13 chemotherapeutic chemotherapeutic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 901 14 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 901 15 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 901 16 homes home NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 901 17 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 901 18 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 901 19 CD33 CD33 NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 901 20 receptors receptor NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 901 21 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 901 22 acute acute JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 901 23 myeloid myeloid JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 901 24 leukemia leukemia NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 901 25 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 901 26 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 902 1 Expertise expertise NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 902 2 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 902 3 biochemistry biochemistry NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 902 4 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 902 5 cell cell NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 902 6 biology biology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 902 7 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 902 8 immunology immunology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 902 9 is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 902 10 required require VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 902 11 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 902 12 develop develop VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 902 13 such such PDT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 902 14 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 902 15 drug drug NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 902 16 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 903 1 This this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 903 2 trend trend NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 903 3 has have VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 903 4 created create VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 903 5 some some DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 903 6 bright bright JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 903 7 spots spot NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 903 8 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 903 9 cancer cancer NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 903 10 research research NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 903 11 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 903 12 development development NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 903 13 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 903 14 even even RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 903 15 though though IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 903 16 drug drug NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 903 17 discovery discovery NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 903 18 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 903 19 general general JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 903 20 has have VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 903 21 been be VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 903 22 adversely adversely RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 903 23 affected affect VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 903 24 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 903 25 mergers merger NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 903 26 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 903 27 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 903 28 few few JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 903 29 high high JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 903 30 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 903 31 profile profile NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 903 32 failures failure NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 903 33 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 903 34 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 903 35 shaky shaky JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 903 36 US US NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 903 37 economy economy NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 903 38 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 903 39 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 903 40 early early JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 903 41 2000 2000 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 903 42 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 903 43 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 904 1 As as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 904 2 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 904 3 millennium millennium NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 904 4 approached approach VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 904 5 observers observer NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 904 6 as as RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 904 7 diverse diverse JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 904 8 as as IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 904 9 Microsoft Microsoft NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 904 10 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 904 11 Bill Bill NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 904 12 Gates Gates NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 904 13 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 904 14 President President NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 904 15 Bill Bill NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 904 16 Clinton Clinton NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 904 17 predicted predict VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 904 18 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 904 19 21st 21st JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 904 20 century century NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 904 21 wiould wiould MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 904 22 be be VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 904 23 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 904 24 " " `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 904 25 biology biology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 904 26 century century NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 904 27 " " '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 904 28 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 905 1 By by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 905 2 1999 1999 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 905 3 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 905 4 many many JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 905 5 programs program NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 905 6 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 905 7 initiatives initiative NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 905 8 underway underway JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 905 9 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 905 10 major major JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 905 11 research research NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 905 12 institutions institution NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 905 13 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 905 14 leading lead VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 905 15 companies company NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 905 16 were be VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 905 17 already already RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 905 18 giving give VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 905 19 shape shape NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 905 20 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 905 21 this this DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 905 22 assertion assertion NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 905 23 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 906 1 These these DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 906 2 initiatives initiative NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 906 3 have have VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 906 4 ushered usher VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 906 5 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 906 6 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 906 7 new new JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 906 8 era era NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 906 9 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 906 10 biological biological JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 906 11 research research NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 906 12 anticipated anticipate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 906 13 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 906 14 generate generate VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 906 15 technological technological JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 906 16 changes change NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 906 17 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 906 18 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 906 19 magnitude magnitude NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 906 20 associated associate VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 906 21 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 906 22 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 906 23 industrial industrial JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 906 24 revolution revolution NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 906 25 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 906 26 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 906 27 computerbased computerbased JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 906 28 information information NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 906 29 revolution revolution NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 906 30 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 907 1 Complementary complementary JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 907 2 DNA dna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 907 3 sequencing sequencing NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 907 4 : : : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 907 5 expressed express VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 907 6 sequence sequence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 907 7 tags tag NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 907 8 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 907 9 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 907 10 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 907 11 project project NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 908 1 Basic basic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 908 2 local local JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 908 3 alignment alignment NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 908 4 search search NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 908 5 tool tool NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 909 1 High high JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 909 2 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 909 3 tech tech NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 909 4 herbal herbal JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 909 5 medicine medicine NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 909 6 : : : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 910 1 Plant plant NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 910 2 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 910 3 Based base VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 910 4 Vaccines Vaccines NNPS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 910 5 Asilomar Asilomar NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 910 6 conference conference NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 910 7 on on IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 910 8 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 910 9 DNA dna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 910 10 molecules molecule NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 911 1 Potential potential JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 911 2 biohazards biohazard NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 911 3 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 911 4 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 911 5 DNA dna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 911 6 molecules molecule NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 911 7 HUGO HUGO NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 911 8 : : : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 912 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 912 2 Human Human NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 912 3 Genome Genome NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 912 4 Organization Organization NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 912 5 Chimeric chimeric JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 912 6 plant plant NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 912 7 virus virus NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 912 8 particles particle NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 912 9 administered administer VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 912 10 nasally nasally RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 912 11 or or CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 912 12 orally orally RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 912 13 induce induce VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 912 14 systemic systemic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 912 15 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 912 16 mucosal mucosal JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 912 17 immune immune JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 912 18 responses response NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 912 19 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 912 20 mice mouse NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 913 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 913 2 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 913 3 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 913 4 : : : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 913 5 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 913 6 nature nature NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 913 7 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 913 8 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 913 9 enterprise enterprise NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 913 10 Orchestrating orchestrate VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 913 11 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 913 12 Human Human NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 913 13 Genome Genome NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 913 14 Project Project NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 913 15 Separation Separation NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 913 16 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 913 17 analysis analysis NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 913 18 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 913 19 DNA dna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 913 20 sequence sequence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 913 21 reaction reaction NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 913 22 products product NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 913 23 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 913 24 capillary capillary JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 913 25 gel gel NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 913 26 electrophoresis electrophoresis NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 913 27 Nutritional nutritional JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 913 28 genomics genomic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 913 29 : : : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 913 30 Manipulating manipulate VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 913 31 plant plant NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 913 32 micronutrients micronutrient NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 913 33 to to TO cord-016293-pyb00pt5 913 34 improve improve VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 913 35 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 913 36 health health NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 1 Helping help VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 2 Europe Europe NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 3 compete compete VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 4 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 5 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 6 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 7 research research NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 8 Genome Genome NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 9 project project NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 10 gets get VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 11 rough rough JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 12 ride ride NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 13 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 14 Europe Europe NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 15 Construction Construction NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 16 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 17 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 18 linkage linkage NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 19 map map NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 20 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 21 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 22 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 23 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 24 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 25 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 26 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 27 application application NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 28 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 29 mapping map VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 30 genetic genetic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 31 diseases disease NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 32 Separation separation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 33 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 34 DNA dna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 35 restriction restriction NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 36 fragments fragment NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 37 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 38 high high JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 39 performance performance NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 40 capillary capillary NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 41 electrophoresis electrophoresis NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 42 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 43 low low JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 44 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 45 zero zero CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 46 crosslinked crosslinke VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 47 polyacrylamide polyacrylamide NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 48 using use VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 49 continuous continuous JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 50 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 51 pulsed pulse VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 52 electric electric JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 53 fields field NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 54 Preimplantation Preimplantation NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 55 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 56 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 57 ' ' `` cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 58 new new JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 59 ' ' '' cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 60 genetics genetic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 61 A a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 62 history history NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 63 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 64 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 914 65 project project NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 915 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 915 2 ai be VBP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 915 3 nt not RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 915 4 necessarily necessarily RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 915 5 so so RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 915 6 : : : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 2 dream dream NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 3 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 4 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 5 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 6 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 7 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 8 other other JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 9 illusions illusion NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 10 High high JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 11 speed speed NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 12 DNA dna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 13 sequencing sequencing NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 14 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 15 capillary capillary JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 16 electrophoresis electrophoresis NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 17 A a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 18 strategy strategy NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 19 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 20 sequencing sequence VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 21 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 22 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 23 5 5 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 24 years year NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 25 early early JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 26 Expression expression NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 27 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 28 norwalk norwalk NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 29 virus virus NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 30 capsid capsid NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 31 protein protein NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 32 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 33 transgenic transgenic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 34 tobacco tobacco NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 35 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 36 potato potato NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 37 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 38 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 39 oral oral JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 40 immunogenicity immunogenicity NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 41 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 42 mice mouse NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 43 Rapid rapid JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 44 production production NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 45 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 46 specific specific JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 47 vaccines vaccine NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 48 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 49 lymphoma lymphoma NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 50 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 51 expression expression NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 52 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 53 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 54 tumor tumor NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 55 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 56 derived derive VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 57 single single JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 58 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 59 chain chain NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 60 Fv Fv NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 61 epitopes epitope NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 62 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 63 tobacco tobacco NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 64 plants plant NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 65 Generation generation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 66 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 67 analysis analysis NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 68 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 69 280,000 280,000 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 70 human human NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 71 expressed express VBD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 72 sequence sequence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 73 tags tags NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 74 National National NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 75 Academy Academy NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 76 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 77 Sciences Sciences NNPS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 916 78 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 917 1 Introduction introduction NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 917 2 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 917 3 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 917 4 DNA dna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 917 5 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 917 6 engineered engineer VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 917 7 organisms organism NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 917 8 into into IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 917 9 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 917 10 environment environment NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 917 11 : : : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 917 12 key key JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 917 13 issues issue NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 917 14 Functional Functional NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 917 15 Foods Foods NNPS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 917 16 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 917 17 Biopharmaceuticals Biopharmaceuticals NNPS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 917 18 : : : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 2 Next Next NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 3 Generation Generation NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 4 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 5 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 6 GM GM NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 7 Revolution Revolution NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 8 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 9 Let let VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 10 Them -PRON- PRP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 11 Eat eat VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 12 Precaution precaution NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 13 Biotechnology Biotechnology NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 14 : : : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 15 A a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 16 Review Review NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 17 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 18 Technological Technological NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 19 Developments Developments NNPS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 20 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 21 Publishers Publishers NNPS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 22 Forfas Forfas NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 23 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 24 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 25 A a NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 26 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 27 iron iron NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 28 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 29 enriched enrich VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 30 rices rice NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 31 may may MD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 32 hold hold VB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 33 key key NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 34 to to IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 35 combating combat VBG cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 36 blindness blindness NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 37 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 38 malnutrition malnutrition NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 39 : : : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 40 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 41 biotechnology biotechnology NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 42 advance advance NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 43 French french JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 44 DNA dna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 45 : : : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 46 Trouble trouble NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 47 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 48 Purgatory Purgatory NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 49 Genome Genome NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 50 : : : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 51 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 52 Autobiography Autobiography NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 53 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 54 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 55 Species species NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 56 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 57 23 23 CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 58 Chapters Chapters NNPS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 59 Harper Harper NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 60 Collins Collins NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 61 Derivation Derivation NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 62 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 63 pluripotent pluripotent JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 64 stem stem NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 65 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 66 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 67 cultured cultured JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 68 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 69 primordial primordial JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 70 germ germ NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 71 cells cell NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 72 Production production NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 73 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 74 correctly correctly RB cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 75 processed process VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 76 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 77 serum serum NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 78 albumin albumin NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 79 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 80 transgenic transgenic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 81 plants plant NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 82 High high JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 83 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 84 yield yield NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 85 production production NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 86 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 87 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 88 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 89 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 90 protein protein NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 91 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 92 tobacco tobacco NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 918 93 chloroplasts chloroplast NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 919 1 The the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 919 2 common common JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 919 3 thread thread NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 919 4 : : : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 919 5 A a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 919 6 story story NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 919 7 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 919 8 science science NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 919 9 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 919 10 politics politic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 919 11 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 919 12 ethics ethic NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 919 13 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 919 14 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 919 15 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 919 16 genome genome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 919 17 Capillary capillary JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 919 18 gel gel NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 919 19 electrophoresis electrophoresis NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 919 20 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 919 21 DNA dna NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 919 22 sequencing sequencing NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 919 23 . . . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 920 1 Laser laser NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 920 2 - - HYPH cord-016293-pyb00pt5 920 3 induced induce VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 920 4 fluorescence fluorescence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 920 5 detection detection NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 920 6 with with IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 920 7 the the DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 920 8 sheath sheath NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 920 9 flow flow NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 920 10 cuvette cuvette NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 920 11 Production production NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 920 12 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 920 13 functional functional JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 920 14 human human JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 920 15 alpha alpha NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 920 16 1-antitrypsin 1-antitrypsin CD cord-016293-pyb00pt5 920 17 by by IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 920 18 plant plant NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 920 19 cell cell NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 920 20 culture culture NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 920 21 Genetic genetic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 920 22 modification modification NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 920 23 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 920 24 oils oil NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 920 25 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 920 26 improved improved JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 920 27 health health NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 920 28 benefits benefit NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 920 29 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 920 30 Presentation presentation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 920 31 at at IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 920 32 conference conference NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 920 33 , , , cord-016293-pyb00pt5 920 34 Dietary dietary JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 920 35 Fatty fatty JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 920 36 Acids acid NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 920 37 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 920 38 Cardiovascular Cardiovascular NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 920 39 Health Health NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 920 40 : : : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 920 41 Dietary dietary JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 920 42 Recommendations Recommendations NNPS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 920 43 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 920 44 Fatty fatty JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 920 45 Acids acid NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 921 1 : : : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 921 2 Is be VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 921 3 There there EX cord-016293-pyb00pt5 921 4 Ample ample JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 921 5 Evidence evidence NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 921 6 ? ? . cord-016293-pyb00pt5 922 1 Stable stable JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 922 2 accumulation accumulation NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 922 3 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 922 4 Aspergillus Aspergillus NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 922 5 niger niger NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 922 6 phytase phytase NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 922 7 in in IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 922 8 transgenic transgenic JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 922 9 tobacco tobacco NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 922 10 leaves leave VBZ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 922 11 Antenatal Antenatal NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 922 12 maternal maternal JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 922 13 serum serum NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 922 14 screening screening NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 922 15 for for IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 922 16 Down Down NNP cord-016293-pyb00pt5 922 17 's 's POS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 922 18 syndrome syndrome NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 922 19 : : : cord-016293-pyb00pt5 922 20 results result NNS cord-016293-pyb00pt5 922 21 of of IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 922 22 a a DT cord-016293-pyb00pt5 922 23 demonstration demonstration NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 922 24 project project NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 922 25 Viable viable JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 922 26 offspring offspring NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 922 27 derived derive VBN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 922 28 from from IN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 922 29 fetal fetal JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 922 30 and and CC cord-016293-pyb00pt5 922 31 adult adult NN cord-016293-pyb00pt5 922 32 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-016293-pyb00pt5 922 33 cells cell NNS