Summary of your 'study carrel' ============================== This is a summary of your Distant Reader 'study carrel'. The Distant Reader harvested & cached your content into a collection/corpus. It then applied sets of natural language processing and text mining against the collection. The results of this process was reduced to a database file -- a 'study carrel'. The study carrel can then be queried, thus bringing light specific characteristics for your collection. These characteristics can help you summarize the collection as well as enumerate things you might want to investigate more closely. This report is a terse narrative report, and when processing is complete you will be linked to a more complete narrative report. Eric Lease Morgan Number of items in the collection; 'How big is my corpus?' ---------------------------------------------------------- 47 Average length of all items measured in words; "More or less, how big is each item?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4139 Average readability score of all items (0 = difficult; 100 = easy) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 52 Top 50 statistically significant keywords; "What is my collection about?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 47 FIPV 7 RNA 7 FECV 5 cell 4 virus 4 TGEV 4 Pedersen 4 FIP 3 feline 3 PCR 2 fip 2 cat 2 Fig 2 CCV 1 tnf 1 npi64 1 macrophage 1 human 1 chloroquine 1 cheetah 1 apoptosis 1 antibody 1 Weiss 1 WSU-79 1 Type 1 TFO 1 Scott 1 SARS 1 Ref 1 QPCR 1 Post 1 PGE2 1 PFBM 1 PCD 1 PBML 1 ORF 1 MHV 1 MAPK 1 LTB4 1 KU-2 1 Japan 1 HR2 1 HCQ 1 GWAS 1 GC376 1 Fcwf-4 1 EGFR 1 CSF 1 CRFK 1 Black Top 50 lemmatized nouns; "What is discussed?" --------------------------------------------- 2218 virus 2178 cell 1759 cat 1166 infection 1080 protein 1078 coronavirus 867 peritonitis 856 FIPV 764 gene 678 antibody 603 study 590 % 584 macrophage 568 coronaviruse 517 type 457 strain 432 disease 416 sequence 339 c 323 replication 318 mutation 313 expression 309 culture 292 analysis 276 level 266 ° 265 sample 259 fip 252 time 249 response 243 h 240 genome 233 assay 227 difference 219 monocyte 217 region 216 ml 211 mouse 207 group 205 result 204 blood 203 receptor 201 factor 196 tissue 194 effect 190 serotype 177 role 172 day 169 serum 164 site Top 50 proper nouns; "What are the names of persons or places?" -------------------------------------------------------------- 1328 FIPV 1177 al 1088 et 966 . 685 FIP 495 FECV 395 RNA 341 FCoV 274 Pedersen 245 II 238 Fig 236 S 207 TGEV 193 PCR 193 ORF 166 M 151 CCV 141 MAbs 133 mRNA 124 3c 120 C 111 PBS 108 MHV 102 Fcwf-4 101 N 95 RT 95 E2 93 SARS 91 MAPK 91 HCQ 88 SPF 88 IFN 86 Scott 84 ADE 79 USA 76 FCoVs 74 CRFK 72 hpi 72 TNF 72 Coronavirus 71 fcwf-4 71 TS 70 IgG 68 T 68 HR2 68 GC376 67 Table 66 sg 62 Vennema 61 KU-2 Top 50 personal pronouns nouns; "To whom are things referred?" ------------------------------------------------------------- 456 it 379 i 363 we 129 they 39 them 12 us 9 itself 5 themselves 4 he 3 one 3 fmhv 1 you 1 she 1 s 1 npi64 1 a`corona Top 50 lemmatized verbs; "What do things do?" --------------------------------------------- 7231 be 1040 have 773 use 556 infect 506 show 262 induce 260 contain 250 do 212 occur 207 determine 203 cause 201 strain 186 mediate 184 detect 182 increase 178 isolate 175 suggest 173 associate 170 follow 170 express 169 describe 168 produce 168 find 156 base 155 indicate 146 observe 145 inoculate 144 obtain 142 report 137 compare 136 involve 136 develop 131 perform 127 demonstrate 127 appear 125 identify 122 result 119 include 119 bind 116 incubate 114 derive 113 remain 109 enhance 107 provide 107 collect 106 neutralize 106 investigate 105 inhibit 104 relate 103 grow Top 50 lemmatized adjectives and adverbs; "How are things described?" --------------------------------------------------------------------- 1979 feline 937 infectious 659 not 546 viral 406 also 387 - 295 other 286 however 248 enteric 238 human 236 only 235 different 225 high 210 more 207 infected 206 specific 200 immune 170 positive 170 clinical 163 antiviral 157 well 156 then 156 low 155 most 154 anti 153 same 152 such 143 present 141 genetic 140 non 140 antigenic 135 dependent 133 porcine 131 significant 131 several 129 similar 125 structural 125 respiratory 123 transmissible 123 experimental 120 important 120 canine 117 virulent 115 recombinant 112 respectively 112 molecular 110 cellular 110 as 107 small 106 significantly Top 50 lemmatized superlative adjectives; "How are things described to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 58 most 20 least 15 high 14 Most 7 good 4 low 2 strong 2 small 2 large 2 broad 1 short 1 new 1 long 1 great 1 dII 1 bad 1 .t 1 -dfam 1 ------Ab2 Top 50 lemmatized superlative adverbs; "How do things do to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 97 most 15 least 3 well 1 highest Top 50 Internet domains; "What Webbed places are alluded to in this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 www.genome.jp 2 geneontology.org 1 www.thermohybaid.de 1 www.pantherdb.org 1 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov 1 www.ncbi.nlm 1 www.idtdna.com 1 www.ensembl.org 1 www-bimas.cit.nih.gov 1 sray.med.som.jhmi.edu 1 dna.macrogen.com Top 50 URLs; "What is hyperlinked from this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------- 2 http://geneontology.org/ 1 http://www.thermohybaid.de 1 http://www.pantherdb.org 1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ 1 http://www.ncbi.nlm 1 http://www.idtdna.com 1 http://www.genome.jp/kegg/pathway.html 1 http://www.genome.jp/ 1 http://www.ensembl.org 1 http://www-bimas.cit.nih.gov/molbio/ 1 http://sray.med.som.jhmi.edu/ 1 http://dna.macrogen.com/eng/ Top 50 email addresses; "Who are you gonna call?" ------------------------------------------------- 1 hohdatsu@vmas.kitasato-u.ac.jp Top 50 positive assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-noun?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 fipv infected cells 8 cells were then 6 replication was significantly 5 cells were positive 4 cells has not 4 cells is not 4 fipv infected crfk 4 genes were differentially 4 genes were quantitatively 4 protein induces cell 4 virus inoculated cells 3 cats did not 3 cats were not 3 cells do not 3 cells were also 3 cells were individually 3 coronavirus isolates pathogenicity 3 coronaviruses are positive 3 fcov strain black 3 fipv does not 3 fipv strain df2 3 fipv strain wsu 3 genes were significantly 3 sequence was also 3 study did not 3 virus infected cells 3 virus mediate antibody 2 % showed surface 2 antibodies are present 2 antibodies were not 2 cats are more 2 cats do not 2 cats have not 2 cats were also 2 cats were equally 2 cats were subcutaneously 2 cell mediated immunity 2 cells are granular 2 cells are not 2 cells did not 2 cells following infection 2 cells showed surface 2 cells was higher 2 cells were confluent 2 cells were cultured 2 coronavirus mediates membrane 2 coronavirus strain fipv 2 coronaviruses are single 2 coronaviruses is unknown 2 expression were markedly Top 50 negative assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-no|not-noun?" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 fipv did not significantly 1 antibodies were not significantly 1 antibody is not available 1 cell is not just 1 cells are not ideal 1 cells is not possible 1 cells is not yet 1 cells produced no tnf 1 coronaviruses did not significantly 1 coronaviruses has not yet 1 fcov are not available 1 fipv does not consistently 1 fipv had no detectable 1 gene are not currently 1 genes are not essential 1 genes was not always 1 infection are not fully 1 infection do not spontaneously 1 infection was no longer 1 infections are not fully 1 macrophages contain no detectable 1 mutation was not present 1 mutations were not present 1 strains do not easily 1 study were not horizontally 1 virus was not actually 1 virus was not detectable A rudimentary bibliography -------------------------- id = cord-023053-j061ywrl author = BARLOUGH, J. E. title = Cats, coronaviruses and coronavirus antibody tests date = 2008-04-10 keywords = FIPV; Weiss; antibody summary = In domestic and exotic cats, FIPV is the aetiologic agent of a lethal disease-feline infectious peritonitis (FIP)-characterized by fibrinous serositis, vasculitis, and formation of disseminated pyogranulomas (Wolfe & Griesemer. Laboratory test procedures for detection of coronavirus antibody in feline sera include biological assays such as virus neutralization (VN); non-biological, immunochemical techniques such as indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and kinetics-based ELISA (KELA); and other methods such as agar gel immunodiffusion and passive haemagglutination , though the availability of such tests varies worldwide. The serodiagnostic potential of these assays (i.e., their ability to identify cats with active FIP and/or potential virus carriers/excretors) is thus limited not only by the widespread distribution of serum coronavirus antibody in the feline population, but also by the possibility that non-FIPV coronaviruses may be responsible for some of the seroconversions that they detect. doi = 10.1111/j.1748-5827.1985.tb02210.x id = cord-293565-420thmsr author = Chang, Hui-Wen title = Spike Protein Fusion Peptide and Feline Coronavirus Virulence date = 2012-07-17 keywords = FECV; FIPV summary = These viruses occur as 2 pathotypes with an enigmatic, even controversial, relationship: the lowvirulence or nonvirulent feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) and the highly lethal feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV). To identify the distinguishing difference(s) between the FCoV pathotypes, we initiated a full genome sequencing program of FECVs found in the feces of apparently healthy cats and of FIPVs found in organs or ascites of cats with pathologically confi rmed feline infectious peritonitis. Thus, we propose that alternative mutations in the S protein of FECV give rise to a tropism change that allows the virus to escape from the intestine into body tissues, where it causes feline infectious peritonitis. Phylogenetic tree based on partial amino acid sequences (aa 1056-1069) of the spike proteins of 118 feline infectious peritonitis viruses (FIPVs) and 183 feline enteric coronaviruses (FECVs) obtained by using reverse transcription nested PCR and sequencing of the distinguishing genomic region. doi = 10.3201/eid1807.120143 id = cord-311625-d7iycdyh author = Choong, Oi Kuan title = In Vitro Antiviral Activity of Circular Triple Helix Forming Oligonucleotide RNA towards Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus Replication date = 2014-02-20 keywords = FIPV; RNA; TFO summary = doi = 10.1155/2014/654712 id = cord-333403-imx3990a author = Christianson, K. K. title = Characterization of a temperature sensitive feline infectious peritonitis coronavirus date = 1989 keywords = FIPV summary = The characteristics of a temperature sensitive feline infectious peritonitis virus (TS-FIPV) were examined. Viral structural proteins and RNA were synthesized at 39 °C but some undefined maturational defect prevented the formation of infectious TS-FIPV at its nonpermissive temperature. TS-FIPV proteins in supernatants from cells infected at 31 °C and 39 °C were examined by Western blot. Immune sera from both TS-FIPV vaccinated cats and WT-FIPV challenged cats showed the same differences in the envelope protein of the two viruses as did the monoclonal antibody (data not shown). The culture supernatant from TS-FIPV infected cells was monitored for the appearance of structural proteins at both the permissive and nonpermissive temperatures. All three structural proteins of TS-FIPV were detected in the cells by IFA at both the permissive and nonpermissive temperatures ( Table 2 ). Surface expression of TS-FIPV and WT-FIPV peplomer and envelope proteins but not nucleocapsid at the optimal temperature for each virus resembles the situation in FIPV-infected macrophage-like cells [8] . doi = 10.1007/bf01311080 id = cord-299904-i5c6nf18 author = Cornelissen, E. title = Absence of antibody-dependent, complement-mediated lysis of feline infectious peritonitis virus-infected cells date = 2009-04-07 keywords = ADCML; FIPV; cell summary = authors: Cornelissen, E.; Dewerchin, H.L.; Van Hamme, E.; Nauwynck, H.J. title: Absence of antibody-dependent, complement-mediated lysis of feline infectious peritonitis virus-infected cells ADCML consists of virus-specific antibodies that bind to cell surface expressed viral proteins which result in complement activation and cell lysis. ADCML consists of virus-specific antibodies that bind to cell surface expressed viral proteins which result in complement activation and cell lysis. Surprisingly, no lysis was observed in the CrFK cells and the monocytes that do show surface-expressed viral proteins, while controls showed that the ADCML assay was functional. Surprisingly, no lysis was observed in the CrFK cells and the monocytes that do show surface-expressed viral proteins, while controls showed that the ADCML assay was functional. Absence of surface expression of feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) antigens on infected cells isolated from cats with FIP Feline infectious peritonitis virus-infected monocytes internalize viral membrane-bound proteins upon antibody addition doi = 10.1016/j.virusres.2009.03.017 id = cord-274673-tjzlssal author = De Groot, Raoul J. title = Stably expressed FIPV peplomer protein induces cell fusion and elicits neutralizing antibodies in mice date = 1989-08-31 keywords = BPV; FIPV; cell summary = authors: De Groot, Raoul J.; Van Leen, Robert W.; Dalderup, Mieke J.M.; Vennema, Harry; Horzinek, Marian C.; Spaan, Willy J.M. title: Stably expressed FIPV peplomer protein induces cell fusion and elicits neutralizing antibodies in mice Abstract We have established bovine papilloma virus (BPV)-transformed mouse C127 cell lines that synthesize the peplomer protein of the feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) strain 79-1146. Mice immunized with whole lysates of the transformed cells produced FIPV-neutralizing antibodies as shown by plaque reduction. Mammalian cell lines expressing the FIPV peplomer gene would provide a convenient source of protein to dissect the role of E2 in FIP. It is shown that the expression product induces fusion of FIPV-permissive feline cells and is immunogenic in mice. (b) Glyoxal-denatured RNA extracted from noninduced (lane 2) and heat-shock-induced (lane 3) RM(-)I 7 cells was separated on 0.8% agarose gels, transferred to a nylon membrane, and hybridized to a nick-translated 4.5-kbBamHl fragment containing the complete FIPV E2 gene. doi = 10.1016/0042-6822(89)90619-3 id = cord-271831-vekok62k author = Dewerchin, H. L. title = Replication of feline coronaviruses in peripheral blood monocytes date = 2005-08-01 keywords = FECV; FIPV; cell summary = Feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) (Coronaviridae) causes the most lethal viral infection in cats: FIP. In this study, infection kinetics (titres and antigen expression) of FIPV 79-1146, and FECV 79-1683, were determined in peripheral blood monocytes from 3 donor cats and compared to those in Crandell feline kidney (CrFK) cells. Two coronaviruses are described in cats: feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) and feline enteric coronavirus (FECV). Within this population of 19 cats, the monocytes isolated from 9 cats showed a continuous increase in viral antigen positive cells during a 24 hour time span after inoculation with FIPV. Monocytes from 9 cats did not sustain both FIPV and FECV infection since the number of viral antigen positive cells dropped after 6 or 12 hpi (third pattern). In an infection kinetics study where another cell type, feline peritoneal macrophages, was used, different results in the antigen expression kinetics were obtained [29] . doi = 10.1007/s00705-005-0598-6 id = cord-345863-j01l71dh author = Drechsler, Yvonne title = Host Gene Expression of Macrophages in Response to Feline Coronavirus Infection date = 2020-06-09 keywords = FIPV; RNA; cat; macrophage summary = doi = 10.3390/cells9061431 id = cord-311982-wkg56xeq author = Dye, Charlotte title = Genomic RNA sequence of feline coronavirus strain FCoV C1Je date = 2007-06-17 keywords = FIPV; PCR; RNA summary = Comparisons of the enteric (jejunum) and non-enteric (liver) derived viral RNA sequences revealed 100% nucleotide identity, a finding that questions the well accepted ''internal mutation theory'' of FIPV pathogenicity. Comparisons of the enteric (jejunum) and non-enteric (liver) derived viral RNA sequences revealed 100% nucleotide identity, a finding that questions the well accepted ''internal mutation theory'' of FIPV pathogenicity. Furthermore, the structural and accessory gene regions of viral RNA isolated from the liver of the same cat (FCoV C1Li) were sequenced and the data derived from the enteric (jejunum) and non-enteric (liver) sources were compared. Sequence data previously generated for the laboratory strain FCoV, FIPV 79-1146, were used to design primers for conventional reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification of short lengths (100e500 bases) of the field strain RNA. Analysis of the accessory gene 7 region of the FCoV C1Je genome identifies two ORFs, which have translation products sharing high amino acid identity with proteins 7a and 7b of FIPV 79-1146. doi = 10.1016/j.jfms.2006.12.002 id = cord-325827-492xi3ee author = Evermann, J. F. title = Biological and pathological consequences of feline infectious peritonitis virus infection in the cheetah date = 1988 keywords = FIPV; cheetah; feline; virus summary = doi = 10.1007/bf01310822 id = cord-348204-365z3qxz author = Harun, Mohammad Syamsul Reza title = Transcriptional profiling of feline infectious peritonitis virus infection in CRFK cells and in PBMCs from FIP diagnosed cats date = 2013-11-09 keywords = FIPV; RNA summary = doi = 10.1186/1743-422x-10-329 id = cord-292908-rbn3foj3 author = Hohdatsu, T. title = Antigenic analysis of feline coronaviruses with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs): Preparation of MAbs which discriminate between FIPV strain 79-1146 and FECV strain 79-1683 date = 1991-06-30 keywords = FIPV; Type summary = title: Antigenic analysis of feline coronaviruses with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs): Preparation of MAbs which discriminate between FIPV strain 79-1146 and FECV strain 79-1683 Abstract We prepared 31 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against either FIPV strain 79-1146 or FECV strain 79-1683, and tested them for reactivity with various coronaviruses by indirect flourescent antibody assay (IFA). Sixteen MAbs which reacted with all of the 11 strains of feline coronaviruses, also reacted with canine coronavirus (CCV) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV). For serological diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) infection, detection of antibody by indirect fluorescent antibody assay (IFA) is popular (Pedersen, 1976b; Horzinek and Osterhaus, 1979; Scott, 1979) . They divided FIPV into Types I and II according to the presence or absence of the induction of FIP, ability of the viruses to proliferate in cell cultures, and the antigenic relationship with porcine and canine coronaviruses. doi = 10.1016/0378-1135(91)90096-x id = cord-346321-drhiqch0 author = Hohdatsu, T. title = The role of IgG subclass of mouse monoclonal antibodies in antibody-dependent enhancement of feline infectious peritonitis virus infection of feline macrophages date = 1994 keywords = FIPV summary = doi = 10.1007/bf01310791 id = cord-349800-s9w2yr08 author = Hohdatsu, T. title = Characterization of monoclonal antibodies against feline infectious peritonitis virus type II and antigenic relationship between feline, porcine, and canine coronaviruses date = 1991 keywords = FIPV; TGEV summary = Seven monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) with neutralizing activity against feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) strain 79-1149 (type II) were prepared. The reactivity of these MAbs with 6 viruses classified as FIPV type I (UCD-1, UCD-2, UCD-3, UCD-4, NW-1, and Black), feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) type II strain 79-1683, canine coronavirus (CCV) strain 1-71, and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) strains TO-163 and SH was examined by neutralization tests. Feline coronaviruses are divided into FIPV types I and II, and FECV types I and II, on the basis of the disease types, that is, whether it causes feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) or not, the ability of the viruses to proliferate in cell cultures, and the antigenic relationship to TGEV and CCV [17] . These MAbs did not neutralize the 6 FIPV type I viruses, but neutralized FECV strain 79-1683, TGEV strains TO-163 and SH, and CCV strain 1-71, which do not cause feline infectious peritonitis (Table 4) . doi = 10.1007/bf01310494 id = cord-275225-fvq8hezk author = Hornyák, Ákos title = Detection of subgenomic mRNA of feline coronavirus by real-time polymerase chain reaction based on primer-probe energy transfer (P-sg-QPCR) date = 2012-02-18 keywords = FIPV; QPCR; RNA; feline summary = The quantitative sg-mRNA detection method revealed more than 10-50,000 times increase of the M gene sg-mRNA in organ materials of feline infectious peritonitis cases, compared to those of the enteric FCoV variants present in the faeces of normal, healthy cats. The quantitative sg-mRNA detection method revealed more than 10-50,000 times increase of the M gene sg-mRNA in organ materials of feline infectious peritonitis cases, compared to those of the enteric FCoV variants present in the faeces of normal, healthy cats. These results indicate the applicability of the new P-sg-QPCR test as a powerful novel tool for the better detection and quantitation of FCoV and for the improved diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis, this important disease of the Felidae, causing serious losses in the cat populations at a global scale. The detailed analysis of the feline infectious peritonitis positive cat samples by SYBR-Green QPCR method revealed that the following organs harbour FCoV most frequently: lungs 6/6 (100%), liver 6/6 (100%), kidney 10/11 (90.9%), mesenteric lymph node 18/20 (90%), spleen 16/20 (80%) and gut 15/10 (66.7%). doi = 10.1016/j.jviromet.2012.01.022 id = cord-280621-tph5n7ak author = Kim, Yunjeong title = Reversal of the Progression of Fatal Coronavirus Infection in Cats by a Broad-Spectrum Coronavirus Protease Inhibitor date = 2016-03-30 keywords = FIPV; Fig; GC376; SARS; npi64 summary = Shifts in tissue or cell tropism and resulting changes in virulence have also been reported for coronaviruses; porcine respiratory coronavirus causes mild respiratory infection in pigs and presumably arose from transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), the etiologic agent of gastroenteritis in young pigs with a high fatality, by spontaneous mutations and/or deletions in its genome [9] . Effective treatment intervention for coronavirus infections with an immunopathological component, such as SARS, MERS and FIP, is speculated to involve the judicious use of immunomodulatory agents to enhance protective host immunity and decrease pathological immune responses and antiviral drugs to directly inhibit viral replication. These results on viral titers show that FIPV 3CLpro is a valid target for FIPV antiviral drugs and GC376 can effectively reduce the virus load in the macrophages from the ascites and the omentum of cats with FIP. doi = 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005531 id = cord-287157-6rwevq39 author = Kiss, I. title = Disease outcome and cytokine responses in cats immunized with an avirulent feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV)-UCD1 and challenge-exposed with virulent FIPV-UCD8 date = 2004-02-25 keywords = FIPV; fip summary = authors: Kiss, I.; Poland, A.M.; Pedersen, N.C. title: Disease outcome and cytokine responses in cats immunized with an avirulent feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV)-UCD1 and challenge-exposed with virulent FIPV-UCD8 Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a highly fatal disease in Felidae caused by a coronavirus and usually affects cats between 6 months and 3 years of age (reviewed by Pedersen, 1995) . Three of eight vaccinated cats (nos 522, 616, 622) developed effusive FIP within 2 weeks of challengeexposure to FIPV-UCD8, typical of classical nonenhanced disease (Pedersen and Boyle, 1980) ( Table 1) . In this study, two of eight vaccinated cats (nos 524 and 625) appeared immune to challenge-exposure with virulent FIPV-UCD8 and two (nos 623 and 624) developed non-effusive FIP (indicative of partial immunity; Pedersen, 1995) . In the presented preliminary experiment, vaccination of cats with an attenuated live strain of FIPV-UCD1 appeared to induce a degree of protection, in that two of eight cats were immune and two more developed non-effusive FIP post challenge. doi = 10.1016/j.jfms.2003.08.009 id = cord-300489-gzcb6uqw author = Martinez, Mitzi L. title = Detection of feline infectious peritonitis virus infection in cell cultures and peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes of experimentally infected cats using a biotinylated cDNA probe date = 1993-03-31 keywords = FIPV; PBML; RNA summary = title: Detection of feline infectious peritonitis virus infection in cell cultures and peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes of experimentally infected cats using a biotinylated cDNA probe Abstract A dot blot hybridization assay, using a biotinylated cDNA probe, was able to detect feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) RNA in Felis catus whole fetus (fcwf-4) cells infected with the FIPV isolates DF2, 79-1146, UCDI, and UCD2. In an in vivo study, the probe was used to detect FIPV RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (PBML) isolated at various post-infection days (PID) from cats experimentally infected with the FIP-producing coronavirus isolate FIPV-79-1146 or FIPV-DF2. In this study, we describe a dot blot hybridization procedure, using a biotinylated recombinant cDNA probe complementary to a major portion of the N protein gene, to detect FIPV in feline cell cultures and PBML isolated from cats infected experimentally with the virulent FIP virus isolate 79-1146 or DF2. doi = 10.1016/0378-1135(93)90016-z id = cord-263165-bv4dh9eu author = Möstl, Karin title = Coronaviridae, pathogenetic and clinical aspects: An update date = 1990-12-31 keywords = FIPV; Ref; TGEV; virus summary = The recent detection of previously unknown coronaviruses or mutants, like the "Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea"-virus (PEDV) and the TGE-like "Porcine Respiratory Coronavirus" (PRCV) on one hand and new knowledge about pathogenetic mechanisms, for example in FIPV-infections, on the other hand are the basis for this review article. For diagnosis TGEV antigen can be detected by immunofluorescence in the small intestine of piglets at an early stage of disease, by virus isolation in tissue culture or by ELISA. As it causes a respiratory infection and does not replicate in the enteric tract, it was named "Respiratory Variant" of TGEV [16] and recently "Porcine respiratory coronavirus". Pedersen [51] assumed that not only the properties of the infecting virus strain were responsible for the outcome of the disease, but that also the immunologic situation of the host and the type and degree of developing immunity may be of great importance. Natural infection with the Porcine Respiratory Coronavirus induces protective lactogenic immunity against Transmissible Gastroenteritis doi = 10.1016/0147-9571(90)90085-8 id = cord-283132-rfw8njpo author = Olsen, Christopher W. title = A review of feline infectious peritonitis virus: molecular biology, immunopathogenesis, clinical aspects, and vaccination date = 1993-07-31 keywords = FIPV; MHV; Pedersen; RNA; Scott summary = doi = 10.1016/0378-1135(93)90126-r id = cord-299976-36r794ow author = O’Brien, Amornrat title = Characterizing replication kinetics and plaque production of type I feline infectious peritonitis virus in three feline cell lines date = 2018-12-01 keywords = ATCC; Black; FIPV; Fcwf-4 summary = doi = 10.1016/j.virol.2018.08.022 id = cord-349964-38rgcc5h author = Pedersen, N. C. title = Antigenic relationship of the feline infectious peritonitis virus to coronaviruses of other species date = 1978 keywords = CCV; FIPV; TGEV summary = doi = 10.1007/bf01315534 id = cord-312006-c08u4t16 author = Pedersen, Niels C. title = An update on feline infectious peritonitis: Virology and immunopathogenesis date = 2014-05-01 keywords = FECV; FIPV; ORF; Pedersen; WSU-79 summary = doi = 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.04.017 id = cord-323805-9n63ms3c author = Pedersen, Niels C. title = The influence of age and genetics on natural resistance to experimentally induced feline infectious peritonitis date = 2014-11-15 keywords = FIP; FIPV; GWAS; Pedersen summary = The cats were from several studies conducted over the past 5 years, and as a result, some of them had prior exposure to feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) or avirulent FIPVs. The cats were housed under optimized conditions of nutrition, husbandry, and quarantine to eliminate most of the cofactors implicated in FIPV infection outcome and were uniformly challenge exposed to the same field strain of serotype 1 FIPV. The cats were from several studies conducted over the past 5 years, and as a result, some of them had prior exposure to feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) or avirulent FIPVs. The cats were housed under optimized conditions of nutrition, husbandry, and quarantine to eliminate most of the cofactors implicated in FIPV infection outcome and were uniformly challenge exposed to the same field strain of serotype 1 FIPV. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on 73 cats that died of FIP after one or more exposures (cases) and 34 cats that survived (controls) demonstrated four significant associations after 100k permutations. doi = 10.1016/j.vetimm.2014.09.001 id = cord-351955-9l4786lb author = Pedersen, Niels C. title = Significance of Coronavirus Mutants in Feces and Diseased Tissues of Cats Suffering from Feline Infectious Peritonitis date = 2009-08-26 keywords = FECV; FIPV; cat; fip summary = doi = 10.3390/v1020166 id = cord-269986-jdcw59r2 author = Regan, Andrew D. title = Activation of p38 MAPK by feline infectious peritonitis virus regulates pro-inflammatory cytokine production in primary blood-derived feline mononuclear cells date = 2009-02-05 keywords = FIPV; MAPK; PFBM; tnf summary = Here we show that infection of primary blood-derived feline mononuclear cells by FIPV WSU 79-1146 and FIPV-DF2 leads to rapid activation of the p38 MAPK pathway and that this activation regulates production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta). FIPV-induced p38 MAPK activation was observed in primary feline blood-derived mononuclear cells individually purified from multiple SPF cats, as was the inhibition of TNF-alpha production by pyridinyl imidazole inhibitors. To determine whether viral replication was required for FIPV-induced p38 MAPK activation, UV-inactivated virus was added to PFBM cells and analyzed by western blot as described above (Fig. 1B) . Overall these data indicate that production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha in FIPVinfected PFBM cells is regulated by activation of the p38 MAPK pathway. In this study we show that infection by FIPV causes a rapid activation the p38 MAPK pathway in PFBM cells, and that this process directly regulates production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta. doi = 10.1016/j.virol.2008.11.006 id = cord-290540-r0d6oaez author = Rottier, Peter J.M. title = The molecular dynamics of feline coronaviruses date = 1999-09-01 keywords = FIPV; PCR; virus summary = Special attention is given to the genetic dynamics of the viruses as these now allow us to begin to understand the origin of the different phenotypes, in particular the genesis of virulence during persistent infection. The conclusion from these experiments is that feline coronaviruses may persist in the lower intestinal tract where the virus continues to replicate at low levels. Conceivably, the persisting virus confers to its host resistance against superinfection by the closely related feline coronaviruses, which were infecting the other cats. The idea was that''feline enteric coronaviruses'' are indeed restricted in tropism, while''FIP viruses'' would cross the epithelium, infect macrophages and go systemically. The result of all these studies is that generally there is no protection when an antibody response to the spike protein is induced there is rather an enhancement of the infection, with an''early death'' phenomenon. Detection of feline coronavirus RNA in feces, tissues and body fluids of naturally infected cats by reverse transcriptase PCR doi = 10.1016/s0378-1135(99)00099-1 id = cord-355051-w18ptl0n author = Satoh, Ryoichi title = Characterization of T helper (Th)1‐ and Th2‐type immune responses caused by baculovirus‐expressed protein derived from the S2 domain of feline infectious peritonitis virus, and exploration of the Th1 and Th2 epitopes in a mouse model date = 2010-11-23 keywords = FIPV; HR2 summary = title: Characterization of T helper (Th)1‐ and Th2‐type immune responses caused by baculovirus‐expressed protein derived from the S2 domain of feline infectious peritonitis virus, and exploration of the Th1 and Th2 epitopes in a mouse model In FP-HR2 protein-immunized mice, the concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-2 in the supernatant of splenocytes cultured with or without FIPV antigen were significantly higher than in that of splenocytes derived from wild-type baculovirus-infected SF-9-or PBS-immunized mice (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, respectively). In IH proteinimmunized mice, the concentration of IL-2 in the supernatant of splenocytes cultured with or without FIPV antigen was significantly higher than in that of splenocytes derived from wild-type baculovirus-infected SF-9or PBS-immunized mice (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, respectively). However, in PC protein-immunized mice, the concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-2 in the supernatant of splenocytes cultured with or without FIPV antigen were not significantly higher than in that of splenocytes derived from wild-type baculovirus-infected SF-9-or PBS-immunized mice. doi = 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2010.00275.x id = cord-309205-l8vjtrjq author = Shirato, Kazuya title = Differential susceptibility of macrophages to serotype II feline coronaviruses correlates with differences in the viral spike protein date = 2018-08-15 keywords = FECV; FIPV; Fig; feline summary = doi = 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.06.010 id = cord-292570-618bt2vh author = Shuid, Ahmad Naqib title = Apoptosis transcriptional mechanism of feline infectious peritonitis virus infected cells date = 2015-09-19 keywords = CRFK; FIPV; apoptosis; cell summary = Based on bioinformatics analysis, five deregulated genes of the apoptosis cluster were chosen for further analysis; namely, Ras association (RalGDS/AF-6) domain family member 1 (RASSF1), Basic Leucine Zipper Transcriptional Factor ATF-Like 2 (BATF2), Melanoma antigen family B 16 (MAGEB16), Programmed cell death 5 (PDCD5) and TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2). Although TNFa did not show significant deregulation at 9 hpi using RNA-seq analysis, the number of related affected genes including significant up regulation of FADD, TRADD, TRAF2, Tumor necrosis factor induced protein 1 and 3 (TNFAIP1 and TNFAIP3) show the importance of analysis of this cytokine during apoptosis mechanism of FIPV. After investigation of the trend of apoptosis and expression change of selected genes from apoptosis cluster, the TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) and programmed cell death-5 (PDCD5) were the only genes that showed significant up regulation from the first hour after infection (Fig. 3) . doi = 10.1007/s10495-015-1172-7 id = cord-336639-jaue41mv author = Simons, Fermin A. title = A mRNA PCR for the diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis date = 2004-12-21 keywords = FIP; FIPV; PCR summary = doi = 10.1016/j.jviromet.2004.11.012 id = cord-322629-kv83ekg0 author = TAKANO, Tomomi title = Pathogenesis of oral type I feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) infection: Antibody-dependent enhancement infection of cats with type I FIPV via the oral route date = 2019-04-23 keywords = FIPV; KU-2 summary = title: Pathogenesis of oral type I feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) infection: Antibody-dependent enhancement infection of cats with type I FIPV via the oral route Feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) causes a severe, immune-mediated disease called FIP in domestic and wild cats. In this study, when cats passively immunized with anti-FIPV-I KU-2 antibodies were orally inoculated with FIPV-I KU-2, FIP was caused at a 50% probability, i.e., FIPV not causing FIP through oral infection caused FIP by inducing antibody-dependent enhancement. Based on the findings of this study, type I FIPV which orally infected cats may cause FIP depending on the condition. In this study, we investigated whether oral inoculation with FIPV-I KU-2 causes FIP in cats passively immunized with anti-FIPV-I KU-2 antibodies. Mutation of neutralizing/antibody-dependent enhancing epitope on spike protein and 7b gene of feline infectious peritonitis virus: influences of viral replication in monocytes/macrophages and virulence in cats doi = 10.1292/jvms.18-0702 id = cord-258374-qht98q0l author = Takano, Tomomi title = Neutrophil survival factors (TNF-alpha, GM-CSF, and G-CSF) produced by macrophages in cats infected with feline infectious peritonitis virus contribute to the pathogenesis of granulomatous lesions date = 2009-04-03 keywords = CSF; FIP; FIPV summary = title: Neutrophil survival factors (TNF-alpha, GM-CSF, and G-CSF) produced by macrophages in cats infected with feline infectious peritonitis virus contribute to the pathogenesis of granulomatous lesions Furthermore, it was investigated whether macrophages, one of the target cells of FIPV infection, produce neutrophil survival factors (TNF-alpha, GM-CSF, and G-CSF). The neutrophil survival rates were significantly increased in the presence of the culture supernatant of macrophages infected with the mixture of FIPV and MAb 6-4-2 compared to those in the presence of other supernatants (Fig. 5) . When SPF-cat-derived alveolar macrophages were infected with a mixture of FIPV and MAb 6-4-2, the intracellular TNF-alpha, GM-CSF, and G-CSF mRNA levels increased (Fig. 6 ). These cytokine mRNA levels were also elevated in macrophages infected with FIPV and MAb 6-4-2, clarifying the presence of neutrophil survival factors in the macrophage culture supernatant. It was suggested that: (1) FIPV-infected macrophages release TNF-alpha, GM-CSF, and G-CSF in response to virus replication, and (2) these cytokines act on neutrophils and prolong their survival. doi = 10.1007/s00705-009-0371-3 id = cord-258684-lq4knxgf author = Takano, Tomomi title = Antiviral Effects of Hydroxychloroquine and Type I Interferon on In Vitro Fatal Feline Coronavirus Infection date = 2020-05-24 keywords = FIPV; HCQ summary = Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is a drug approved by several countries to treat malaria and immune-mediated diseases in humans, and its antiviral effects on other viral infections (e.g., SARS-CoV-2, dengue virus) have been confirmed. Interestingly, the combination of 100 μM of HCQ and 10(4) U/mL of recombinant feline IFN-ω (rfIFN-ω, veterinary registered drug) increased its antiviral activity against type I FIPV infection. As shown in Figure 4 , type I FIPV replication was significantly inhibited by HCQ and rfIFN-ω, and the combination of these drugs strongly decreased the replication of virus. As shown in Figure 4 , type I FIPV replication was significantly inhibited by HCQ and rfIFN-ω, and the combination of these drugs strongly decreased the replication of virus. As shown in Figure 4 , type I FIPV replication was significantly inhibited by HCQ and rfIFN-ω, and the combination of these drugs strongly decreased the replication of virus. doi = 10.3390/v12050576 id = cord-276617-chgjpg0v author = Takano, Tomomi title = B-cell activation in cats with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) by FIP-virus-induced B-cell differentiation/survival factors date = 2008-11-30 keywords = FIP; FIPV summary = The present study shows that: (1) the ratio of peripheral blood sIg(+) CD21(−) B-cells was higher in cats with FIP than in SPF cats, (2) the albumin-to-globulin ratio has negative correlation with the ratio of peripheral blood sIg(+) CD21(−) B-cell, (3) cells strongly expressing mRNA of the plasma cell master gene, B-lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 (Blimp-1), were increased in peripheral blood in cats with FIP, (4) mRNA expression of B-cell differentiation/survival factors, IL-6, CD40 ligand, and B-cell-activating factor belonging to the tumor necrosis factor family (BAFF), was enhanced in macrophages in cats with FIP, and (5) mRNAs of these B-cell differentiation/survival factors were overexpressed in antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE)-induced macrophages. We also collected macrophages from FIP cats and measured the expression levels of the viral RNA and mRNA of B-cell differentiation/survival factors: IL-6, CD40 ligand (CD40L), and Bcell-activating factor belonging to the tumor necrosis factor family (BAFF). doi = 10.1007/s00705-008-0265-9 id = cord-329642-5t8yuq4v author = Takano, Tomomi title = Effect of chloroquine on feline infectious peritonitis virus infection in vitro and in vivo date = 2013-05-03 keywords = FIPV; Post; chloroquine summary = Several agents that significantly inhibit FCoV replication in vitro have been identified (Balzarini et al., 2006; Barlough and Shacklett, 1994; Hsieh et al., 2010; Kim et al., 2012; Takano et al., 2008) ; however, whether or not these agents exhibit a therapeutic effect in cats with FIP has not been investigated. The effect of chloroquine on FIPV infection in fcwf-4 cells and SPF cat-derived monocytes was investigated. In monocytes inoculated with a mixture of FIPV and MAb 6-4-2, IL-1b, TNF-a and IL-6 mRNA expression levels were significantly lower in the Pre/Post treatment group than in the None group (Fig. 3B) . The influence of chloroquine on cytokine mRNA and FCoV N gene expressions was investigated in monocytes from cats with FIP. IL-1b, TNF-a, and IL-6 mRNA expression levels of PBMC in FIPV-infected cats treated with chloroquine. In this study, chloroquine significantly inhibited inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression levels in FIPV-infected monocytes. doi = 10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.04.016 id = cord-330554-xg49foch author = Tanaka, Yoshikazu title = Suppression of feline coronavirus replication in vitro by cyclosporin A date = 2012-04-30 keywords = FIPV; Japan summary = Cyclosporin A (CsA), an immunosuppressive agent that targets the nuclear factor pathway of activated T-cells (NF-AT) to bind cellular cyclophilins (CyP), dose-dependently inhibited FIPV replication in vitro. Cyclophilin B (CyPB) is another target of CsA that promotes hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication by regulating the RNA-binding ability of the HCV NS5B protein. Here, we show that CsA inhibits intracellular replication of the FIPV genome and viral protein expression in vitro independently of the NF-AT pathway. After adsorption for 1 h at 37°C, the medium containing the virus was removed, and the cells were rinsed three times with phosphate-buffered saline [PBS (−)] and incubated with or without various concentrations of CsA (Sigma-Aldrich), cyclosporin H (CsH; Cosmobio, Tokyo, Japan) and FK506 (Sigma-Aldrich) for 20 h. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that 0.63 -10 μM CsA dose-dependently suppressed FIPV RNA replication, whereas FK506 did not exert significant inhibitory effects, except at 10 μM FK506 (approximately 30 % reduction compared to 0 μM FK506, P < 0.05; Figure 3A ). doi = 10.1186/1297-9716-43-41 id = cord-291858-e0s3o2r4 author = Tekes, G. title = Feline Coronaviruses: Pathogenesis of Feline Infectious Peritonitis date = 2016-08-31 keywords = FIPV; Pedersen summary = Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) belongs to the few animal virus diseases in which, in the course of a generally harmless persistent infection, a virus acquires a small number of mutations that fundamentally change its pathogenicity, invariably resulting in a fatal outcome. We discuss the recent progress in the development of FCoV reverse genetics systems suitable to generate recombinant field viruses containing appropriate mutations for in vivo studies. Deletions of the entire FCoV ORF 3 and 7 genome regions showed that the accessory genes are dispensable for viral growth in vitro; they were suggested to be important for virus replication and virulence in vivo (Haijema et al., 2004) . According to pathogenicity, FCoVs are separated into two biotypes that are generally referred to as feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) and feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV). Molecular characterization of feline infectious peritonitis virus strain DF-2 and studies of the role of ORF3abc in viral cell tropism doi = 10.1016/bs.aivir.2016.08.002 id = cord-283739-p7b4mtbl author = Theerawatanasirikul, Sirin title = Structural-based virtual screening and in vitro assays for small molecules inhibiting the feline coronavirus 3CL protease as a surrogate platform for coronaviruses date = 2020-09-07 keywords = 3CL; FIPV summary = We investigated the potential drug-liked compounds and their inhibitory interaction on the 3CL(pro) active sites of CoVs by the structural-bases virtual screening. Evaluation of antiviral activity using cell-based assay showed that NSC629301 and NSC71097 could strongly inhibit the cytopathic effect and also reduced replication of FIPV in CRFK cells in all examined conditions with the low range of EC(50) (6.11 ± 1.90 to 7.75 ± 0.48 μM and 1.99 ± 0.30 to 4.03 ± 0.60 μM, respectively), less than those of ribavirin and lopinavir. According to the FIPV 3CL pro structurral based study, we determined if the candidate 293 compounds that could bind to the active site and inhibited the protease activity still actively 294 Cys144 and His41, the active residues of FIPV 3CL pro , formed the π-alkyl interaction 352 and hydrogen bond to the compounds, respectively. doi = 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104927 id = cord-291707-dzmvjh7j author = Tupper, G. T. title = Antigenic and biological diversity of feline coronaviruses: feline infectious peritonitis and feline enteritis virus date = 1987 keywords = FECV; FIPV; virus summary = doi = 10.1007/bf01310988 id = cord-267014-3vi7pgvr author = Vennema, H. title = Genomic organization and expression of the 3′ end of the canine and feline enteric coronaviruses date = 1992-11-30 keywords = CCV; FECV; FIPV summary = Abstract The genomic organization at the 3′ end of canine coronavirus (CCV) and feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) was determined by sequence analysis and compared to that of feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) of swine. Amplification of cDNA was performed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as described (Kawasaki and Wang, 1989) , after the addition of synthetic oligonucleotide 178, 5''-GATGACACACAGGlTGAG-3'', which is identical to the carboxyl-terminus of the nucleocapsid (N) protein gene of FIPV (nucleotides 1945-l 962; Vennema et a/., 1991) . The nucleotide sequences flanking the ORFs 6a and 6b of FIPV and CCV and ORF 7 of TGEV were aligned to design primers for cDNA synthesis and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. The recombinant expression products were compared to the proteins produced in CCV-, FECV-, and FIPV-infected cells, which were analyzed similarly (Fig. 6) . doi = 10.1016/0042-6822(92)90174-n id = cord-255873-18zmvlmk author = Wang, Jinshan title = Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic study of Feline infectious peritonitis virus main protease in complex with an inhibitor date = 2014-11-14 keywords = FIPV summary = title: Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic study of Feline infectious peritonitis virus main protease in complex with an inhibitor In this study, the main protease of FIPV in complex with a Michael acceptor-type inhibitor was crystallized. The complex crystals diffracted to 2.5 Å resolution and belonged to space group I422, with unit-cell parameters a = 112.3, b = 112.3, c = 102.1 Å. On the other hand, FIPV efficiently replicates in macrophages/monocytes, leading to feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), a highly lethal systemic granulomatous disease of wild and domestic cats (Addie et al., 2009; Pedersen, 2009; Balint, Farsang, Szeredi et al., 2014; Kipar & Meli, 2014) . Isopropyl -d-1-thiogalactopyranoside was then added to a final concentration of 0.5 mM and the cultures were induced to express FIPV main protease at 289 K for 16 h. A typical diffraction pattern of an FIPV main protease complex crystal collected on beamline BL17U of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF). doi = 10.1107/s2053230x14022390 id = cord-356112-c32icxir author = Weiss, R. C. title = Increased plasma levels of leukotriene B4 and prostaglandin E2 in cats experimentally inoculated with feline infectious peritonitis virus date = 1988 keywords = FIPV; LTB4; PCD; PGE2 summary = Specific-pathogen-free kittens experimentally infected with feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) subsequently demonstrated increased plasma levels of the arachidonic acid metabolites, leukotriene (LT) B4 and prostaglandin (PG) E2. Loss of fluid and other plasma constituents from inflamed blood vessels, immunologically damaged by complexes of virus, antiviral antibodies and complement (C) proteins (August, 1984; Barlough &Weiss, 1983; Pedersen & Boyle, 1980; Weiss & Scott, 1981~; Jacobse-Geels et al., 1982) or by cytotoxic lymphokines or other enzymatically-active factors released during cellular immune responses (Pedersen, 1985) , may occur in cases of acute FIP. Although vascular lesions, and possibly the pathologic effusions, in FIP are believed to occur via immunological (antibody-mediated) mechanisms (Pedersen, 1985; August, 1984; Weiss & Scott, 1981b; 1981c) , the occurrence of fever and increased plasma levels of LTB4 and PGE2 prior to detectable antibody responses in some FIPV-infected kittens suggest that nonimmunological factors can be involved in some disease manifestations. doi = 10.1007/bf00343250 id = cord-257974-kllqjn68 author = Woods, Roger D. title = Cultivation techniques for animal coronaviruses: Emphasis on feline infectious peritonitis virus, canine coronavirus, transmissible gastroenteritis virus, and porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus date = 1988 keywords = FIPV; TGEV summary = title: Cultivation techniques for animal coronaviruses: Emphasis on feline infectious peritonitis virus, canine coronavirus, transmissible gastroenteritis virus, and porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus Generally these viruses infect epithelial cells of the respiratory tract [human coronavirus (HCV), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), rat coronavirus (RCV), porcine respiratory coronavirus (PCV)] and epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract [bovine coronavirus (BCV), canine eoronavirus (CCV), transmissible gastroenteritis virus {TGEV), turkey coronavirus (TCV), feline enteric coronavirus (FECV), human enteric coronavirus (HECV)]. In addition to CRFK cells, a fetal cat whole fibroblast (FCWF) cell line will support the growth of FIPV, as well as FECV, CCV, and TGEV (28,43t, and corn-Journal of Tissue Culture Methods Vol. 11, No. 2, 1988 parison of antigenic and serologic relatedness of the enteric coronaviruses was done in this cell line ~43). This cell line can be used for primary isolation of virus from clinical specimens and in vitro growth of TGEV It0}. doi = 10.1007/bf01404139 id = cord-312247-cza4qsv5 author = Würdinger, T title = Targeting non-human coronaviruses to human cancer cells using a bispecific single-chain antibody date = 2005-04-21 keywords = EGFR; FIPV; cell; human summary = Next, we investigated whether FIPV and fMHV could be targeted to human cancer cells by constructing a bispecific single-chain antibody directed on the one hand against the feline coronavirus spike protein – responsible for receptor binding and subsequent cell entry through virus–cell membrane fusion – and on the other hand against the human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). To investigate whether scFv 23F-425 could serve as an adapter molecule for FIPV and fMHV infection via human EGFR, cultures of human cancer cell lines of different tissue origin with confirmed expression of EGFR ( Figure 4 ) were inoculated with similar amounts of FIPV or fMHV in the presence or absence of the bispecific antibody. Inoculation of Targeting non-human coronaviruses to human cancer cells T Würdinger et al FIPV and fMHV onto a number of different EGFRexpressing human cancer cell lines of various tissue origins in the presence of scFv 23F-425 resulted in infection, replication, and subsequent formation of syncytia. doi = 10.1038/sj.gt.3302535 id = cord-299342-l8ugjou9 author = Yaling, Zhou title = Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (CV 777) and feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) are antigenically related date = 1988 keywords = FIPV summary = Using gut sections from pigs infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (strain CV 777) and ascitic fluid from cats which had succumbed to feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), a weak cross reaction was found by immunofluorescence. No reaction was found at the nucleocapsid protein position when blots of a mock infected N L F K cell lysate had been incubated with anti-CV 777 antibodies. As shown in figure 3 , results of the RIP confirmed the cross-reaction between pig anti-CV 777 sera and the 43,000 protein of FIPV found in Western blots; the homologous reaction reveals the typical pattern of FIPV structural polypeptides with Mr of 210,000 (peplomer), 45,000 (nucleocapsid) and 25,000 to 32,000 (envelope). We have confirmed the finding of cross reactions within one group, namely between transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) of swine, FIPV and canine enteric coronavirus, and showed that common determinants are present on all three structural polypeptides [7] . doi = 10.1007/bf01315563 id = cord-254291-y8xvh6hs author = Yamanaka, Miles title = Nucleotide Sequence of the Inter-Structural Gene Region of Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus date = 1998 keywords = FIPV summary = The sequence of the region located between the S and M glycoprotein genes of the 79-1146 strain of feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) is presented. The inter-structural gene region encodes 3 open reading frames (ORFs), termed ORFs 3a, 3b and 4, with nucleotide sequences conforming to the minimum conserved transcription signal upstream of each. The FIPV interstructural gene region is identical in length when compared to the Insavc-1 strain of canine coronavirus (CCV) but differs from various strains of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) by the presence of deletions and insertions. This inter-structural gene region has been examined in the related coronaviruses transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and canine coronavirus (CCV) (2±6). The arrangement of the open reading frames (ORFs) in the inter-structural gene region has been described for the FIPV genome (1,7), but detailed sequence has not been presented. The sequence identity between FIPV 79-1146 and the Purdue strain of TGEV in the inter-structural gene region is 90.7%. doi = 10.1023/a:1008099209942