id sid tid token lemma pos cord-016062-h4vjkufn 1 1 key key JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 1 2 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 1 3 cord-016062-h4vjkufn cord-016062-h4vjkufn JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 1 4 authors author NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 1 5 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 1 6 Gontier Gontier NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 1 7 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 1 8 Nathalie Nathalie NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 1 9 title title NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 1 10 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 1 11 Evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 1 12 epistemology epistemology NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 1 13 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 1 14 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 1 15 origin origin NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 1 16 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 1 17 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 1 18 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 1 19 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 1 20 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 2 1 Taking take VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 2 2 symbiogenesis symbiogenesis NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 2 3 seriously seriously RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 2 4 date date NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 2 5 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 3 1 2006 2006 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 3 2 journal journal NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 3 3 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 4 1 Evolutionary Evolutionary NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 4 2 Epistemology Epistemology NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 4 3 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 4 4 Language Language NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 4 5 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 4 6 Culture Culture NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 4 7 DOI DOI NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 4 8 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 4 9 10.1007/1 10.1007/1 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 4 10 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 4 11 4020 4020 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 4 12 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 4 13 3395 3395 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 4 14 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 4 15 8_10 8_10 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 5 1 sha sha NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 5 2 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 5 3 80ba88a1c5134895084c10e3610387e2763c7335 80ba88a1c5134895084c10e3610387e2763c7335 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 5 4 doc_id doc_id CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 5 5 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 6 1 16062 16062 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 6 2 cord_uid cord_uid NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 6 3 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 7 1 h4vjkufn h4vjkufn NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 7 2 Symbiogenesis Symbiogenesis NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 7 3 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 7 4 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 7 5 form form NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 7 6 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 7 7 horizontal horizontal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 7 8 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 7 9 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 7 10 occurred occur VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 7 11 2 2 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 7 12 billion billion CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 7 13 years year NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 7 14 ago ago RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 7 15 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 7 16 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 7 17 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 7 18 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 7 19 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 7 20 eukaryotic eukaryotic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 7 21 cells cell NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 7 22 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 8 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 8 2 will will MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 8 3 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 8 4 argued argue VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 8 5 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 8 6 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 8 7 just just RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 8 8 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 8 9 we -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 8 10 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 8 11 develop develop VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 8 12 universal universal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 8 13 selection selection NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 8 14 theories theory NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 8 15 based base VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 8 16 upon upon IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 8 17 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 8 18 general general JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 8 19 account account NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 8 20 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 8 21 natural natural JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 8 22 selection selection NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 8 23 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 8 24 we -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 8 25 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 8 26 also also RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 8 27 develop develop VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 8 28 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 8 29 universal universal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 8 30 symbiogenetic symbiogenetic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 8 31 principle principle NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 8 32 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 8 33 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 8 34 serve serve VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 8 35 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 8 36 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 8 37 general general JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 8 38 framework framework NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 8 39 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 8 40 study study VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 8 41 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 8 42 origin origin NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 8 43 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 8 44 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 8 45 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 8 46 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 8 47 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 9 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 9 2 1 1 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 9 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 10 1 Horizontal horizontal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 10 2 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 10 3 will will MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 10 4 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 10 5 compared compare VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 10 6 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 10 7 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 10 8 distinguished distinguish VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 10 9 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 10 10 vertical vertical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 10 11 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 10 12 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 11 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 11 2 2 2 LS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 11 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 12 1 Different different JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 12 2 examples example NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 12 3 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 12 4 intra- intra- JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 12 5 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 12 6 interspecific interspecific JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 12 7 horizontal horizontal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 12 8 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 12 9 will will MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 12 10 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 12 11 given give VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 12 12 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 12 13 show show VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 12 14 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 12 15 horizontal horizontal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 12 16 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 12 17 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 12 18 quantitatively quantitatively RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 12 19 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 12 20 qualitatively qualitatively RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 12 21 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 12 22 most most RBS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 12 23 commonly commonly RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 12 24 occurring occur VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 12 25 form form NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 12 26 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 12 27 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 12 28 throughout throughout IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 12 29 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 12 30 history history NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 12 31 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 12 32 life life NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 12 33 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 13 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 13 2 3 3 LS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 13 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 13 4 Finally finally RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 13 5 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 13 6 three three CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 13 7 examples example NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 13 8 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 13 9 given give VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 13 10 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 13 11 how how WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 13 12 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 13 13 universal universal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 13 14 symbiogenesis symbiogenesis NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 13 15 principle principle NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 13 16 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 13 17 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 13 18 implemented implement VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 13 19 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 13 20 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 13 21 study study NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 13 22 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 13 23 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 13 24 origins origin NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 13 25 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 13 26 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 13 27 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 13 28 more more RBR cord-016062-h4vjkufn 13 29 specifically specifically RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 13 30 within within RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 13 31 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 13 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 13 33 a a LS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 13 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 13 35 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 13 36 study study NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 13 37 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 13 38 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 13 39 variation variation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 13 40 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 13 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 13 42 b b NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 13 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 13 44 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 13 45 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 13 46 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 13 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 13 48 c c NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 13 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 13 50 conceptual conceptual JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 13 51 blending blending NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 13 52 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 1 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 2 universal universal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 3 selectionist selectionist NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 4 models model NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 6 Campbell Campbell NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 7 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 8 1959 1959 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 10 Campbell Campbell NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 11 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 12 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 13 1960 1960 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 15 Campbell Campbell NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 16 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 17 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 18 1974 1974 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 20 Campbell Campbell NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 21 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 22 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 23 1977 1977 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 25 Campbell Campbell NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 26 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 27 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 28 1987 1987 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 29 Cziko Cziko NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 30 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 31 1995 1995 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 32 ; ; : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 33 Hull Hull NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 34 et et NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 35 al al NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 36 . . NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 37 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 38 2001 2001 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 40 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 41 universal universal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 42 Darwinism Darwinism NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 43 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 44 Dawkins Dawkins NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 45 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 46 1983 1983 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 48 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 49 philosophical philosophical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 50 Darwinism Darwinism NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 51 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 52 Munz Munz NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 53 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 54 2001 2001 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 55 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 56 developed develop VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 57 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 58 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 59 epistemologists epistemologist NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 60 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 61 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 62 all all DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 63 based base VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 64 upon upon IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 65 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 66 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 67 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 68 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 69 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 70 natural natural JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 71 selection selection NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 14 72 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 15 1 These these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 15 2 theories theory NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 15 3 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 15 4 although although IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 15 5 they -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 15 6 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 15 7 very very RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 15 8 useful useful JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 15 9 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 15 10 study study VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 15 11 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 15 12 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 15 13 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 15 14 animals animal NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 15 15 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 15 16 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 15 17 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 15 18 adequate adequate JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 15 19 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 15 20 study study VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 15 21 phenomena phenomenon NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 15 22 such such JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 15 23 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 15 24 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 15 25 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 15 26 culture culture NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 15 27 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 16 1 Language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 16 2 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 16 3 culture culture NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 16 4 do do VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 16 5 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 16 6 follow follow VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 16 7 rigid rigid JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 16 8 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 16 9 schemes scheme NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 16 10 analogous analogous JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 16 11 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 16 12 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 16 13 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 16 14 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 16 15 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 16 16 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 16 17 rather rather RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 16 18 they -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 16 19 have have VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 16 20 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 16 21 own own JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 16 22 peculiarities peculiarity NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 16 23 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 16 24 need need VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 16 25 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 16 26 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 16 27 studied study VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 16 28 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 16 29 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 16 30 own own JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 16 31 right right NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 16 32 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 17 1 To to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 17 2 begin begin VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 17 3 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 17 4 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 17 5 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 17 6 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 17 7 difficult difficult JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 17 8 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 17 9 pinpoint pinpoint VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 17 10 one one CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 17 11 unit unit NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 17 12 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 17 13 one one CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 17 14 level level NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 17 15 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 17 16 selection selection NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 17 17 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 17 18 because because IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 17 19 languages language NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 17 20 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 17 21 cultures culture NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 17 22 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 17 23 take take VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 17 24 on on RP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 17 25 many many JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 17 26 forms form NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 17 27 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 18 1 Languages language NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 18 2 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 18 3 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 18 4 result result NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 18 5 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 18 6 many many JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 18 7 different different JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 18 8 elements element NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 18 9 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 18 10 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 18 11 combined combine VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 18 12 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 18 13 speech speech NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 18 14 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 18 15 thinking thinking NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 18 16 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 18 17 grammar grammar NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 18 18 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 18 19 semantics semantic NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 18 20 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 18 21 sensory sensory JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 18 22 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 18 23 motor motor NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 18 24 actions action NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 18 25 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 18 26 memory memory NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 18 27 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 18 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 18 29 co co JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 18 30 - - JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 18 31 verbal verbal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 18 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 18 33 gesturing gesturing NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 18 34 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 18 35 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 18 36 rules rule NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 18 37 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 18 38 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 18 39 games game NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 18 40 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 19 1 And and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 19 2 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 19 3 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 19 4 case case NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 19 5 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 19 6 culture culture NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 19 7 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 19 8 there there EX cord-016062-h4vjkufn 19 9 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 19 10 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 19 11 individual individual NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 19 12 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 19 13 adheres adhere VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 19 14 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 19 15 different different JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 19 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 19 17 sometimes sometimes RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 19 18 contradictory contradictory JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 19 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 19 20 views view NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 19 21 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 19 22 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 19 23 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 19 24 categorized categorize VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 19 25 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 19 26 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 19 27 brain brain NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 19 28 ; ; : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 19 29 there there EX cord-016062-h4vjkufn 19 30 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 19 31 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 19 32 interaction interaction NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 19 33 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 19 34 significant significant JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 19 35 others other NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 19 36 within within IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 19 37 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 19 38 community community NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 19 39 ; ; : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 19 40 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 19 41 there there EX cord-016062-h4vjkufn 19 42 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 19 43 cultural cultural JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 19 44 artefacts artefact NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 19 45 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 19 46 need need VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 19 47 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 19 48 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 19 49 taken take VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 19 50 into into IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 19 51 consideration consideration NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 19 52 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 20 1 These these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 20 2 peculiarities peculiarity NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 20 3 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 20 4 however however RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 20 5 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 20 6 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 20 7 also also RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 20 8 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 20 9 formalized formalize VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 20 10 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 20 11 analogous analogous JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 20 12 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 20 13 different different JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 20 14 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 20 15 theories theory NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 20 16 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 20 17 one one CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 20 18 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 20 19 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 20 20 most most RBS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 20 21 important important JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 20 22 being be VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 20 23 symbiogenesis symbiogenesis NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 20 24 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 21 1 Ruse ruse NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 21 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 21 3 1985 1985 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 21 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 21 5 already already RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 21 6 pointed point VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 21 7 out out RP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 21 8 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 21 9 we -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 21 10 have have VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 21 11 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 21 12 take take VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 21 13 Darwin Darwin NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 21 14 seriously seriously RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 21 15 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 21 16 meaning meaning NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 21 17 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 21 18 amongst amongst IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 21 19 other other JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 21 20 things thing NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 21 21 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 21 22 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 21 23 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 21 24 cognitive cognitive JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 21 25 capacities capacity NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 21 26 such such JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 21 27 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 21 28 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 21 29 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 21 30 culture culture NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 21 31 need need VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 21 32 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 21 33 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 21 34 studied study VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 21 35 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 21 36 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 21 37 product product NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 21 38 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 21 39 Darwinian darwinian JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 21 40 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 21 41 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 22 1 However however RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 22 2 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 22 3 here here RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 22 4 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 22 5 will will MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 22 6 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 22 7 argued argue VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 22 8 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 22 9 we -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 22 10 should should MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 22 11 also also RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 22 12 take take VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 22 13 symbiogenesis symbiogenesis NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 22 14 seriously seriously RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 22 15 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 23 1 Symbiogenesis Symbiogenesis NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 23 2 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 23 3 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 23 4 form form NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 23 5 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 23 6 horizontal horizontal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 23 7 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 23 8 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 23 9 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 23 10 will will MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 23 11 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 23 12 argued argue VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 23 13 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 23 14 horizontal horizontal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 23 15 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 23 16 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 23 17 quantitatively quantitatively RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 23 18 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 23 19 qualitatively qualitatively RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 23 20 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 23 21 most most RBS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 23 22 commonly commonly RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 23 23 occurring occur VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 23 24 form form NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 23 25 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 23 26 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 23 27 throughout throughout IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 23 28 life life NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 23 29 's 's POS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 23 30 history history NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 23 31 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 24 1 Evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 24 2 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 24 3 natural natural JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 24 4 selection selection NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 24 5 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 24 6 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 24 7 form form NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 24 8 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 24 9 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 24 10 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 24 11 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 24 12 during during IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 24 13 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 24 14 within within IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 24 15 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 24 16 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 24 17 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 24 18 life life NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 24 19 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 24 20 only only RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 24 21 plays play VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 24 22 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 24 23 minor minor JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 24 24 role role NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 24 25 within within IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 24 26 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 24 27 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 24 28 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 24 29 animals animal NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 24 30 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 25 1 Given give VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 25 2 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 25 3 minor minor JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 25 4 role role NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 25 5 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 25 6 natural natural JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 25 7 selection selection NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 25 8 plays play VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 25 9 within within IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 25 10 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 25 11 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 25 12 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 25 13 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 25 14 too too RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 25 15 short short JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 25 16 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 25 17 sighted sight VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 25 18 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 25 19 only only RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 25 20 develop develop VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 25 21 general general JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 25 22 normative normative JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 25 23 frameworks framework NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 25 24 based base VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 25 25 upon upon IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 25 26 Neo Neo NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 25 27 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 25 28 Darwinian darwinian JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 25 29 theory theory NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 25 30 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 25 31 study study VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 25 32 all all DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 25 33 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 25 34 life life NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 25 35 's 's POS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 25 36 phenomena phenomena NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 25 37 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 26 1 First first RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 26 2 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 26 3 all all DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 26 4 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 26 5 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 26 6 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 26 7 bad bad JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 26 8 science science NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 26 9 because because IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 26 10 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 26 11 neglects neglect VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 26 12 all all DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 26 13 other other JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 26 14 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 26 15 theories theory NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 26 16 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 26 17 provide provide VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 26 18 adequate adequate JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 26 19 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 26 20 scientific scientific JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 26 21 explanations explanation NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 26 22 regarding regard VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 26 23 certain certain JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 26 24 phenomena phenomenon NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 26 25 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 1 Secondly secondly RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 2 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 3 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 4 unnecessarily unnecessarily RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 5 narrows narrow VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 6 down down IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 7 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 8 options option NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 9 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 10 linguists linguist NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 11 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 12 anthropologists anthropologist NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 13 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 14 leading lead VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 15 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 16 today today NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 17 widely widely RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 18 defended defend VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 19 views view NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 20 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 21 naturalistic naturalistic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 22 approaches approach NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 23 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 24 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 25 adequately adequately RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 26 address address VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 27 culture culture NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 28 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 29 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 30 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 31 because because IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 32 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 33 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 34 on on IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 35 biology biology NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 36 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 37 based base VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 38 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 39 theories theory NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 40 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 41 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 42 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 43 culture culture NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 44 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 45 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 46 introduced introduce VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 47 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 48 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 49 epistemologists epistemologist NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 50 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 51 supposedly supposedly RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 52 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 53 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 54 account account VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 55 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 56 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 57 diversity diversity NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 58 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 59 research research NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 60 topics topic NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 61 within within IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 62 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 63 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 64 culture culture NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 65 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 66 e.g. e.g. IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 67 recursivity recursivity NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 68 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 69 creativity creativity NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 70 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 71 religion religion NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 72 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 73 arbitrary arbitrary JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 74 rituals ritual NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 75 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 76 so so RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 77 on on RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 78 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 27 79 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 28 1 Here here RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 28 2 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 28 3 much much RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 28 4 more more RBR cord-016062-h4vjkufn 28 5 optimistic optimistic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 28 6 view view NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 28 7 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 28 8 given give VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 28 9 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 29 1 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 29 2 above above RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 29 3 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 29 4 mentioned mention VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 29 5 criticisms criticism NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 29 6 should should MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 29 7 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 29 8 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 29 9 regarded regard VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 29 10 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 29 11 negative negative JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 29 12 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 29 13 but but CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 29 14 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 29 15 positive positive JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 29 16 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 30 1 For for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 30 2 where where WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 30 3 natural natural JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 30 4 selection selection NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 30 5 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 30 6 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 30 7 where where WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 30 8 EE(M)-models ee(m)-model NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 30 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 30 10 Gontier Gontier NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 30 11 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 30 12 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 30 13 volume volume NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 30 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 30 15 based base VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 30 16 upon upon IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 30 17 natural natural JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 30 18 selection selection NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 30 19 fail fail VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 30 20 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 30 21 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 30 22 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 30 23 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 30 24 necessary necessary JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 30 25 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 30 26 abandon abandon VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 30 27 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 30 28 naturalistic naturalistic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 30 29 approach approach NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 30 30 altogether altogether RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 30 31 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 31 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 31 2 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 31 3 turn turn VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 31 4 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 31 5 other other JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 31 6 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 31 7 frameworks framework NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 31 8 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 31 9 such such JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 31 10 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 31 11 symbiogenesis symbiogenesis NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 31 12 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 31 13 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 31 14 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 31 15 deal deal VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 31 16 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 31 17 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 31 18 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 31 19 formalize formalize VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 31 20 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 31 21 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 31 22 phenomena phenomenon NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 31 23 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 32 1 First first RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 32 2 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 32 3 horizontal horizontal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 32 4 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 32 5 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 32 6 distinguished distinguish VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 32 7 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 32 8 vertical vertical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 32 9 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 32 10 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 33 1 Secondly secondly RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 33 2 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 33 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 33 4 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 33 5 shown show VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 33 6 how how WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 33 7 both both DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 33 8 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 33 9 concepts concept NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 33 10 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 33 11 being be VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 33 12 applied apply VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 33 13 within within IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 33 14 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 33 15 study study NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 33 16 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 33 17 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 33 18 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 34 1 Thirdly thirdly RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 34 2 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 34 3 symbiogenesis symbiogenesis NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 34 4 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 34 5 universalized universalize VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 34 6 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 34 7 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 34 8 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 34 9 shown show VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 34 10 how how WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 34 11 we -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 34 12 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 34 13 apply apply VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 34 14 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 34 15 normative normative JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 34 16 framework framework NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 34 17 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 34 18 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 34 19 study study NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 34 20 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 34 21 phenomena phenomenon NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 34 22 such such JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 34 23 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 34 24 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 34 25 variation variation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 34 26 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 34 27 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 34 28 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 34 29 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 34 30 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 34 31 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 34 32 conceptual conceptual JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 34 33 blending blending NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 34 34 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 35 1 Contrary contrary JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 35 2 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 35 3 received receive VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 35 4 wisdom wisdom NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 35 5 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 35 6 horizontal horizontal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 35 7 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 35 8 processes process NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 35 9 occur occur VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 35 10 quantitatively quantitatively RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 35 11 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 35 12 qualitatively qualitatively RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 35 13 more more RBR cord-016062-h4vjkufn 35 14 often often RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 35 15 than than IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 35 16 vertical vertical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 35 17 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 35 18 processes process NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 35 19 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 36 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 36 2 will will MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 36 3 start start VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 36 4 off off RP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 36 5 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 36 6 defining define VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 36 7 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 36 8 concepts concept NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 36 9 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 37 1 Vertical vertical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 37 2 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 37 3 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 37 4 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 37 5 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 37 6 we -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 37 7 have have VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 37 8 all all DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 37 9 learned learn VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 37 10 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 37 11 at at IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 37 12 school school NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 37 13 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 37 14 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 37 15 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 37 16 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 37 17 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 37 18 natural natural JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 37 19 selection selection NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 37 20 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 38 1 Neo Neo NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 38 2 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 38 3 Darwinian darwinian JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 38 4 theory theory NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 38 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 38 6 Ayala Ayala NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 38 7 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 38 8 1978 1978 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 38 9 ; ; : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 39 1 Mayr Mayr NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 39 2 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 39 3 1978 1978 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 39 4 Mayr Mayr NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 39 5 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 39 6 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 39 7 1983 1983 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 39 8 Dawkins Dawkins NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 39 9 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 39 10 1983 1983 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 39 11 Dawkins Dawkins NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 39 12 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 39 13 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 39 14 1984 1984 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 39 15 Dawkins Dawkins NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 39 16 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 39 17 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 39 18 2000 2000 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 39 19 Dennett Dennett NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 39 20 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 39 21 1995 1995 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 39 22 ; ; : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 39 23 Gould Gould NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 39 24 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 39 25 1980 1980 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 39 26 Gould Gould NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 39 27 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 39 28 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 39 29 1982 1982 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 39 30 Gould Gould NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 39 31 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 39 32 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 39 33 1991 1991 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 39 34 Maynard Maynard NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 39 35 Smith Smith NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 39 36 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 39 37 1993 1993 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 39 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 39 39 adheres adhere VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 39 40 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 39 41 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 39 42 view view NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 39 43 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 39 44 only only JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 39 45 speciation speciation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 39 46 leads lead VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 39 47 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 39 48 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 39 49 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 39 50 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 39 51 new new JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 39 52 species specie NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 39 53 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 40 1 To to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 40 2 give give VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 40 3 only only RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 40 4 one one CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 40 5 standard standard JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 40 6 example example NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 40 7 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 40 8 how how WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 40 9 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 40 10 speciation speciation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 40 11 takes take VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 40 12 place place NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 40 13 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 40 14 let let VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 40 15 us -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 40 16 look look VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 40 17 into into IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 40 18 ' ' `` cord-016062-h4vjkufn 40 19 allopatric allopatric JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 40 20 speciation speciation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 40 21 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 40 22 peripheric peripheric JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 40 23 isolation isolation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 40 24 ' ' '' cord-016062-h4vjkufn 40 25 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 41 1 This this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 41 2 catchy catchy JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 41 3 phrase phrase NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 41 4 refers refer VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 41 5 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 41 6 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 41 7 following following JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 41 8 scenario scenario NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 41 9 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 1 A a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 2 subgroup subgroup NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 3 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 4 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 5 population population NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 6 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 7 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 8 certain certain JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 9 species species NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 10 gets get VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 11 isolated isolate VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 12 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 13 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 14 main main JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 15 group group NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 17 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 18 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 19 eruption eruption NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 20 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 21 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 22 volcano volcano NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 23 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 24 burns burn VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 25 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 26 ground ground NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 27 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 28 leading lead VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 29 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 30 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 31 subgroup subgroup NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 32 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 33 crossing cross VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 34 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 35 land land NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 36 even even RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 37 if if IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 38 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 39 ground ground NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 40 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 41 cooled cool VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 42 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 43 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 44 because because IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 45 they -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 46 do do VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 47 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 48 recognize recognize VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 49 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 50 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 51 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 52 territory territory NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 53 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 54 niche niche NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 55 ; ; : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 56 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 57 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 58 another another DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 59 geographical geographical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 60 barrier barrier NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 61 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 62 such such JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 63 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 64 water water NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 65 because because IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 66 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 67 floods flood NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 68 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 42 69 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 43 1 Given give VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 43 2 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 43 3 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 43 4 isolation isolation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 43 5 takes take VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 43 6 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 43 7 very very RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 43 8 long long JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 43 9 time time NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 43 10 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 43 11 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 43 12 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 43 13 possible possible JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 43 14 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 43 15 one one CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 43 16 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 43 17 several several JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 43 18 random random JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 43 19 mutations mutation NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 43 20 occur occur VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 43 21 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 43 22 spread spread VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 43 23 within within IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 43 24 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 43 25 subgroup subgroup NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 43 26 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 44 1 Again again RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 44 2 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 44 3 given give VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 44 4 enough enough JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 44 5 time time NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 44 6 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 44 7 should should MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 44 8 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 44 9 subgroup subgroup NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 44 10 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 44 11 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 44 12 main main JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 44 13 group group NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 44 14 meet meet VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 44 15 again again RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 44 16 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 44 17 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 44 18 could could MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 44 19 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 44 20 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 44 21 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 44 22 different different JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 44 23 groups group NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 44 24 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 44 25 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 44 26 fertilize fertilize VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 44 27 each each DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 44 28 other other JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 44 29 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 44 30 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 44 31 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 44 32 produce produce VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 44 33 fertile fertile JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 44 34 offspring offspring NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 44 35 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 44 36 while while IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 44 37 members member NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 44 38 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 44 39 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 44 40 same same JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 44 41 group group NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 44 42 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 44 43 produce produce VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 44 44 fertile fertile JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 44 45 offspring offspring NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 44 46 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 45 1 If if IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 45 2 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 45 3 latter latter NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 45 4 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 45 5 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 45 6 case case NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 45 7 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 45 8 then then RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 45 9 we -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 45 10 have have VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 45 11 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 45 12 new new JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 45 13 species specie NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 45 14 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 46 1 Actual actual JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 46 2 examples example NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 46 3 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 46 4 allopatric allopatric JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 46 5 speciation speciation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 46 6 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 46 7 peripheric peripheric JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 46 8 isolation isolation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 46 9 have have VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 46 10 only only RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 46 11 been be VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 46 12 reported report VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 46 13 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 46 14 couple couple NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 46 15 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 46 16 times time NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 46 17 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 47 1 Processes process NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 47 2 like like IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 47 3 allopatric allopatric JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 47 4 speciation speciation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 47 5 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 47 6 peripheric peripheric JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 47 7 isolation isolation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 47 8 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 47 9 together together RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 47 10 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 47 11 other other JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 47 12 such such JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 47 13 processes process NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 47 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 47 15 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 47 16 example example NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 47 17 species species NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 47 18 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 47 19 mate mate NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 47 20 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 47 21 recognition recognition NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 47 22 patterns pattern NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 47 23 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 47 24 2 2 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 47 25 see see VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 47 26 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 47 27 instance instance NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 47 28 Schwartz Schwartz NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 47 29 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 47 30 1999 1999 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 47 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 47 32 lead lead NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 47 33 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 47 34 randomly randomly RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 47 35 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 47 36 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 47 37 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 47 38 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 47 39 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 47 40 new new JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 47 41 species specie NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 47 42 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 47 43 speciation speciation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 47 44 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 47 45 new new JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 47 46 species specie NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 47 47 evolve evolve VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 47 48 out out IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 47 49 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 47 50 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 47 51 split split VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 47 52 off off RP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 47 53 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 47 54 older old JJR cord-016062-h4vjkufn 47 55 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 47 56 sometimes sometimes RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 47 57 still still RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 47 58 existing exist VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 47 59 species specie NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 47 60 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 48 1 Hence hence RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 48 2 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 48 3 family family NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 48 4 tree tree NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 48 5 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 48 6 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 48 7 branching branching JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 48 8 pattern pattern NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 48 9 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 48 10 regarded regard VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 48 11 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 48 12 1 1 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 48 13 What what WP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 48 14 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 48 15 being be VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 48 16 argued argue VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 48 17 here here RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 48 18 might may MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 48 19 seem seem VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 48 20 trivial trivial JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 48 21 but but CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 48 22 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 48 23 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 48 24 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 48 25 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 49 1 Most Most JJS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 49 2 non non JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 49 3 - - JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 49 4 biologically biologically RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 49 5 schooled school VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 49 6 scholars scholar NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 49 7 think think VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 49 8 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 49 9 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 49 10 biology biology NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 49 11 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 49 12 simple simple JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 49 13 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 49 14 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 49 15 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 49 16 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 49 17 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 50 1 Evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 50 2 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 50 3 some some DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 50 4 cultures culture NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 50 5 today today NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 50 6 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 50 7 part part NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 50 8 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 50 9 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 50 10 way way NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 50 11 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 50 12 life life NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 50 13 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 50 14 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 50 15 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 50 16 philosophical philosophical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 50 17 understanding understanding NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 50 18 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 50 19 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 50 20 world world NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 50 21 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 50 22 leading lead VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 50 23 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 50 24 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 50 25 idea idea NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 50 26 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 50 27 everybody everybody NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 50 28 knows know VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 50 29 what what WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 50 30 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 50 31 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 50 32 about about IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 50 33 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 50 34 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 50 35 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 50 36 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 50 37 easily easily RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 50 38 comprehensible comprehensible JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 50 39 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 51 1 Again again RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 51 2 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 51 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 51 4 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 51 5 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 51 6 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 51 7 2 2 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 52 1 Recognizing recognize VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 52 2 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 52 3 someone someone NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 52 4 belongs belong VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 52 5 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 52 6 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 52 7 same same JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 52 8 species specie NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 52 9 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 52 10 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 52 11 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 52 12 organism organism NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 52 13 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 52 14 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 52 15 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 52 16 opposite opposite JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 52 17 sex sex NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 52 18 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 52 19 hence hence RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 52 20 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 52 21 potential potential JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 52 22 mate mate NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 52 23 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 53 1 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 53 2 most most RBS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 53 3 suitable suitable JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 53 4 way way NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 53 5 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 53 6 iconizing iconize VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 53 7 vertical vertical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 53 8 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 53 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 53 10 Figure figure NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 53 11 1 1 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 53 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 53 13 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 54 1 3 3 LS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 55 1 This this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 55 2 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 55 3 what what WP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 55 4 Darwin Darwin NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 55 5 talked talk VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 55 6 about about IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 55 7 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 55 8 species specie NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 55 9 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 55 10 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 55 11 static static JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 55 12 entities entity NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 55 13 ; ; : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 55 14 they -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 55 15 evolve evolve VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 55 16 out out IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 55 17 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 55 18 each each DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 55 19 other other JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 55 20 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 55 21 speciation speciation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 55 22 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 56 1 Neo Neo NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 56 2 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 56 3 Darwinian darwinian JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 56 4 theory theory NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 56 5 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 56 6 more more RBR cord-016062-h4vjkufn 56 7 specifically specifically RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 56 8 Ernst Ernst NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 56 9 Mayr Mayr NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 56 10 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 56 11 later later RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 56 12 on on IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 56 13 introduced introduce VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 56 14 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 56 15 term term NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 56 16 allopatric allopatric JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 56 17 speciation speciation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 56 18 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 56 19 peripheric peripheric JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 56 20 isolation isolation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 56 21 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 57 1 Neo Neo NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 57 2 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 57 3 Darwinian darwinian JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 57 4 theory theory NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 57 5 also also RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 57 6 added add VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 57 7 Mendelian mendelian JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 57 8 hereditary hereditary JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 57 9 laws law NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 57 10 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 57 11 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 57 12 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 57 13 mutations mutation NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 57 14 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 57 15 mathematics mathematic NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 57 16 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 57 17 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 57 18 speciation speciation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 57 19 concept concept NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 57 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 57 21 Gontier Gontier NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 57 22 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 57 23 2004 2004 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 57 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 57 25 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 57 26 answer answer VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 57 27 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 57 28 following following JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 57 29 question question NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 57 30 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 57 31 what what WP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 57 32 happens happen VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 57 33 during during IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 57 34 vertical vertical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 57 35 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 57 36 ? ? . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 58 1 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 58 2 answer answer NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 58 3 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 58 4 that that DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 58 5 question question NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 58 6 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 58 7 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 58 8 existing exist VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 58 9 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 58 10 new new JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 58 11 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 58 12 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 58 13 retained retain VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 58 14 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 58 15 inheritance inheritance NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 58 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 58 17 genetically genetically RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 58 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 58 19 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 58 20 spread spread VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 58 21 throughout throughout IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 58 22 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 58 23 population population NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 58 24 across across IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 58 25 time time NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 58 26 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 58 27 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 58 28 generation generation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 58 29 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 58 30 generation generation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 58 31 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 58 32 sometimes sometimes RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 58 33 leading lead VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 58 34 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 58 35 speciation speciation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 58 36 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 58 37 extinction extinction NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 58 38 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 59 1 Actually actually RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 59 2 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 59 3 today today NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 59 4 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 59 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 59 6 would would MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 59 7 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 59 8 say say VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 59 9 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 59 10 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 59 11 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 59 12 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 59 13 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 59 14 but but CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 59 15 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 59 16 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 59 17 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 59 18 retained retain VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 59 19 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 59 20 inherited inherit VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 59 21 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 59 22 recombination recombination NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 59 23 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 60 1 This this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 60 2 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 60 3 because because IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 60 4 we -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 60 5 do do VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 60 6 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 60 7 quite quite RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 60 8 know know VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 60 9 how how WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 60 10 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 60 11 encode encode VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 60 12 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 60 13 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 60 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 60 15 all all DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 60 16 they -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 60 17 seem seem VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 60 18 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 60 19 encode encode VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 60 20 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 60 21 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 60 22 amino amino JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 60 23 acids acid NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 60 24 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 60 25 form form VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 60 26 proteins protein NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 60 27 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 60 28 form form VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 60 29 tissue tissue NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 60 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 60 31 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 61 1 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 61 2 point point NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 61 3 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 61 4 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 61 5 however however RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 61 6 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 61 7 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 61 8 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 61 9 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 61 10 presumed presume VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 61 11 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 61 12 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 61 13 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 61 14 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 61 15 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 61 16 yet yet RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 61 17 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 61 18 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 61 19 explained explain VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 61 20 manner manner NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 61 21 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 61 22 encode encode VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 61 23 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 61 24 certain certain JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 61 25 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 61 26 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 61 27 an an DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 61 28 animal animal NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 61 29 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 61 30 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 61 31 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 61 32 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 61 33 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 61 34 need need VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 61 35 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 61 36 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 61 37 inherited inherit VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 61 38 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 61 39 one one CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 61 40 generation generation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 61 41 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 61 42 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 61 43 next next JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 61 44 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 61 45 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 61 46 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 61 47 vertical vertical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 61 48 fashion fashion NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 61 49 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 1 3 3 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 2 Gould Gould NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 4 1984 1984 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 5 Gould Gould NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 7 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 8 1991 1991 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 9 already already RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 10 emphasized emphasize VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 11 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 12 within within IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 13 Neodarwinian Neodarwinian NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 14 theory theory NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 15 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 16 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 17 iconicity iconicity NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 18 however however RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 19 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 20 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 21 suitable suitable JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 22 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 23 explain explain VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 24 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 25 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 26 because because IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 27 vertical vertical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 28 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 29 implies imply VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 30 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 31 there there EX cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 32 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 33 one one CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 34 common common JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 35 point point NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 36 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 37 departure departure NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 39 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 40 beginning begin VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 42 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 43 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 44 there there RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 45 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 46 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 47 tree tree NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 48 diversifies diversify VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 49 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 50 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 51 idea idea NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 52 being be VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 53 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 54 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 55 maximal maximal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 56 diversification diversification NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 57 lies lie VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 58 at at IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 59 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 60 end end NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 61 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 62 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 63 tree tree NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 64 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 65 comparable comparable JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 66 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 67 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 68 Christmas Christmas NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 69 tree tree NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 70 turned turn VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 71 upside upside RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 72 down down RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 62 73 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 63 1 However however RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 63 2 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 63 3 he -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 63 4 showed show VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 63 5 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 63 6 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 63 7 maximal maximal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 63 8 diversity diversity NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 63 9 lies lie VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 63 10 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 63 11 at at IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 63 12 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 63 13 end end NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 63 14 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 63 15 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 63 16 tree tree NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 63 17 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 63 18 life life NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 63 19 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 63 20 but but CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 63 21 somewhere somewhere RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 63 22 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 63 23 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 63 24 middle middle NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 63 25 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 64 1 After after IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 64 2 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 64 3 Cambrian Cambrian NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 64 4 explosion explosion NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 64 5 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 64 6 there there EX cord-016062-h4vjkufn 64 7 was be VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 64 8 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 64 9 decimation decimation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 64 10 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 64 11 most most JJS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 64 12 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 64 13 branches branch NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 64 14 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 65 1 Only only RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 65 2 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 65 3 few few JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 65 4 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 65 5 branches branch NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 65 6 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 65 7 did do VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 65 8 survive survive VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 65 9 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 65 10 decimation decimation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 65 11 show show VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 65 12 an an DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 65 13 enormous enormous JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 65 14 diversification diversification NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 65 15 within within IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 65 16 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 65 17 different different JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 65 18 phylogenies phylogeny NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 65 19 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 66 1 There there EX cord-016062-h4vjkufn 66 2 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 66 3 few few JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 66 4 branches branch NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 66 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 66 6 body body NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 66 7 designs design NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 66 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 66 9 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 66 10 but but CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 66 11 lots lot NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 66 12 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 66 13 twigs twig NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 66 14 on on IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 66 15 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 66 16 branches branch NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 66 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 66 18 species specie NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 66 19 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 66 20 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 66 21 certain certain JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 66 22 body body NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 66 23 plan plan NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 66 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 66 25 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 66 26 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 66 27 process process NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 66 28 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 66 29 he -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 66 30 characterizes characterize VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 66 31 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 66 32 early early JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 66 33 experimentation experimentation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 66 34 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 66 35 later later JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 66 36 standardization standardization NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 66 37 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 67 1 Again again RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 67 2 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 67 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 67 4 need need VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 67 5 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 67 6 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 67 7 more more RBR cord-016062-h4vjkufn 67 8 cautious cautious JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 67 9 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 67 10 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 67 11 definition definition NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 67 12 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 67 13 vertical vertical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 67 14 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 67 15 at at IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 67 16 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 67 17 animal animal NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 67 18 level level NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 67 19 implies imply VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 67 20 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 67 21 two two CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 67 22 members member NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 67 23 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 67 24 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 67 25 same same JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 67 26 species specie NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 67 27 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 67 28 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 67 29 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 67 30 opposite opposite JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 67 31 sexes sex NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 67 32 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 67 33 mate mate NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 67 34 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 67 35 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 67 36 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 67 37 during during IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 67 38 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 67 39 mating mating NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 67 40 process process NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 67 41 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 67 42 one one CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 67 43 sex sex NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 67 44 cell cell NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 67 45 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 67 46 each each DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 67 47 parent parent NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 67 48 merges merge VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 67 49 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 67 50 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 67 51 other other JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 67 52 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 67 53 form form VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 67 54 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 67 55 fertilized fertilize VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 67 56 cell cell NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 67 57 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 67 58 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 67 59 whereupon whereupon IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 67 60 an an DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 67 61 embryo embryo NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 67 62 develops develop VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 67 63 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 68 1 So so RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 68 2 half half NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 68 3 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 68 4 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 68 5 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 68 6 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 68 7 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 68 8 mother mother NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 68 9 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 68 10 half half NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 68 11 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 68 12 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 68 13 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 68 14 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 68 15 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 68 16 father father NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 68 17 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 68 18 recombined recombine VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 68 19 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 68 20 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 68 21 fertilized fertilize VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 68 22 egg egg NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 68 23 cell cell NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 68 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 68 25 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 68 26 we -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 68 27 shall shall MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 68 28 see see VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 68 29 under under IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 68 30 Section section NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 68 31 2.2.1 2.2.1 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 68 32 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 68 33 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 68 34 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 68 35 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 68 36 totally totally RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 68 37 correct correct JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 68 38 either either RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 68 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 68 40 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 69 1 Vertical Vertical NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 69 2 here here RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 69 3 has have VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 69 4 two two CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 69 5 meanings meaning NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 69 6 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 69 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 69 8 1 1 LS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 69 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 69 10 half half NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 69 11 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 69 12 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 69 13 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 69 14 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 69 15 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 69 16 parents parent NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 69 17 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 69 18 passed pass VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 69 19 on on RP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 69 20 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 69 21 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 69 22 next next JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 69 23 generation generation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 69 24 ; ; : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 69 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 69 26 2 2 LS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 69 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 69 28 only only RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 69 29 those those DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 69 30 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 69 31 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 69 32 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 69 33 somehow somehow RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 69 34 genetically genetically RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 69 35 encoded encode VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 69 36 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 69 37 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 69 38 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 69 39 individual individual NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 69 40 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 69 41 possibly possibly RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 69 42 get get VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 69 43 passed pass VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 69 44 on on RP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 69 45 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 69 46 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 69 47 next next JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 69 48 generation generation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 69 49 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 70 1 If if IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 70 2 they -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 70 3 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 70 4 passed pass VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 70 5 on on RP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 70 6 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 70 7 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 70 8 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 70 9 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 70 10 hence hence RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 70 11 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 70 12 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 70 13 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 70 14 retained retain VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 70 15 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 70 16 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 70 17 next next JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 70 18 generation generation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 70 19 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 71 1 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 71 2 more more RBR cord-016062-h4vjkufn 71 3 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 71 4 gene gene NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 71 5 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 71 6 retained retain VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 71 7 within within IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 71 8 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 71 9 next next JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 71 10 generation generation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 71 11 through through IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 71 12 time time NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 71 13 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 71 14 because because IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 71 15 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 71 16 carrier carrier NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 71 17 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 71 18 fit fit JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 71 19 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 71 20 hence hence RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 71 21 able able JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 71 22 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 71 23 reproduce reproduce VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 71 24 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 71 25 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 71 26 more more JJR cord-016062-h4vjkufn 71 27 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 71 28 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 71 29 spread spread VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 71 30 throughout throughout IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 71 31 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 71 32 population population NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 71 33 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 71 34 general general JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 71 35 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 71 36 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 71 37 more more JJR cord-016062-h4vjkufn 71 38 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 71 39 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 71 40 get get VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 71 41 fixed fix VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 71 42 within within IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 71 43 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 71 44 species species NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 71 45 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 72 1 P1 P1 NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 72 2 gives give VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 72 3 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 72 4 gene gene NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 72 5 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 72 6 offspring offspre VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 72 7 F1 f1 NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 72 8 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 72 9 4 4 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 72 10 who who WP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 72 11 mates mate VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 72 12 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 72 13 x x NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 72 14 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 72 15 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 72 16 passes pass VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 72 17 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 72 18 gene gene NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 72 19 on on IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 72 20 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 72 21 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 72 22 offspring offspring NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 72 23 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 72 24 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 72 25 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 72 26 turn turn NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 72 27 have have VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 72 28 offspring offspring NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 72 29 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 72 30 y y NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 72 31 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 72 32 z z NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 72 33 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 72 34 pass pass VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 72 35 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 72 36 gene gene NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 72 37 on on IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 72 38 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 72 39 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 72 40 offspring offspring NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 72 41 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 73 1 Hence hence RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 73 2 an an DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 73 3 existing exist VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 73 4 gene gene NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 73 5 will will MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 73 6 spread spread VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 73 7 throughout throughout IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 73 8 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 73 9 population population NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 73 10 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 73 11 which which WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 73 12 does do VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 73 13 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 73 14 necessarily necessarily RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 73 15 lead lead VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 73 16 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 73 17 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 73 18 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 73 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 73 20 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 73 21 speciation speciation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 73 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 73 23 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 73 24 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 73 25 new new JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 73 26 species specie NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 73 27 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 74 1 Sometimes sometimes RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 74 2 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 74 3 gene gene NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 74 4 undergoes undergo VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 74 5 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 74 6 random random JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 74 7 mutation mutation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 74 8 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 75 1 If if IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 75 2 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 75 3 mutated mutate VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 75 4 gene gene NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 75 5 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 75 6 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 75 7 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 75 8 passed pass VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 75 9 on on RP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 75 10 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 75 11 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 75 12 next next JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 75 13 generation generation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 75 14 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 75 15 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 75 16 few few JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 75 17 conditions condition NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 75 18 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 75 19 given give VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 75 20 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 75 21 Neo Neo NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 75 22 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 75 23 Darwinian darwinian JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 75 24 theory theory NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 75 25 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 76 1 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 76 2 mutation mutation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 76 3 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 76 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 76 5 possibly possibly RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 76 6 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 76 7 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 76 8 necessarily necessarily RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 76 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 76 10 only only RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 76 11 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 76 12 passed pass VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 76 13 on on RP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 76 14 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 76 15 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 76 16 next next JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 76 17 generation generation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 76 18 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 76 19 if if IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 76 20 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 76 21 mutation mutation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 76 22 occurs occur VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 76 23 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 76 24 one one CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 76 25 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 76 26 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 76 27 sex sex NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 76 28 cells cell NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 76 29 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 76 30 if if IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 76 31 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 76 32 sex sex NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 76 33 cell cell NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 76 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 76 35 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 76 36 sperm sperm NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 76 37 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 76 38 an an DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 76 39 egg egg NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 76 40 cell cell NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 76 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 76 42 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 76 43 used use VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 76 44 during during IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 76 45 reproduction reproduction NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 76 46 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 76 47 form form VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 76 48 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 76 49 zygote zygote NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 76 50 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 77 1 This this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 77 2 means mean VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 77 3 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 77 4 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 77 5 organism organism NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 77 6 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 77 7 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 77 8 mutation mutation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 77 9 has have VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 77 10 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 77 11 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 77 12 able able JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 77 13 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 77 14 reproduce reproduce VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 77 15 itself -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 77 16 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 78 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 78 2 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 78 3 only only RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 78 4 reproduce reproduce VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 78 5 itself -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 78 6 if if IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 78 7 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 78 8 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 78 9 able able JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 78 10 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 78 11 survive survive VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 78 12 long long RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 78 13 enough enough RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 78 14 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 78 15 find find VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 78 16 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 78 17 mate mate NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 78 18 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 78 19 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 78 20 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 78 21 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 78 22 only only RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 78 23 find find VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 78 24 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 78 25 mate mate NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 78 26 if if IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 78 27 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 78 28 two two CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 78 29 parents parent NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 78 30 recognize recognize VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 78 31 each each DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 78 32 other other JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 78 33 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 78 34 potential potential JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 78 35 mates mate NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 78 36 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 79 1 Hence hence RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 79 2 we -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 79 3 find find VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 79 4 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 79 5 introduction introduction NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 79 6 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 79 7 concepts concept NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 79 8 such such JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 79 9 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 79 10 adaptation adaptation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 79 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 79 12 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 79 13 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 79 14 environment environment NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 79 15 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 79 16 order order NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 79 17 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 79 18 survive survive VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 79 19 long long RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 79 20 enough enough RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 79 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 79 22 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 79 23 fitness fitness NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 79 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 79 25 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 79 26 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 79 27 able able JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 79 28 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 79 29 reproduce reproduce VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 79 30 itself -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 79 31 at at IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 79 32 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 79 33 maximal maximal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 79 34 rate rate NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 79 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 79 36 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 79 37 concepts concept NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 79 38 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 79 39 all all RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 79 40 too too RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 79 41 often often RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 79 42 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 79 43 intertwined intertwine VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 79 44 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 1 So so RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 2 Neo Neo NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 3 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 4 Darwinian darwinian JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 5 theory theory NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 6 basically basically RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 7 studies study VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 8 two two CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 9 processes process NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 10 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 12 1 1 LS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 14 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 15 recombination recombination NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 16 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 17 genetic genetic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 18 material material NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 19 at at IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 20 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 21 level level NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 22 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 23 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 24 sex sex NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 25 cells cell NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 27 meiotic meiotic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 28 recombination recombination NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 30 ; ; : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 31 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 33 2 2 LS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 35 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 36 possible possible JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 37 occurrence occurrence NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 38 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 39 genetic genetic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 40 mutations mutation NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 41 at at IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 42 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 43 level level NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 44 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 45 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 46 sex sex NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 47 cells cell NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 48 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 49 because because IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 50 if if IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 51 advantageous advantageous JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 52 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 53 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 54 individual individual NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 55 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 56 passed pass VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 57 on on RP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 58 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 59 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 60 next next JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 61 generation generation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 62 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 63 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 64 mutations mutation NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 65 possibly possibly RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 66 lead lead VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 67 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 68 new new JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 69 species specie NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 70 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 71 Gontier Gontier NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 72 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 73 2004 2004 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 74 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 80 75 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 81 1 Vertical vertical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 81 2 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 81 3 though though RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 81 4 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 81 5 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 81 6 primarily primarily RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 81 7 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 81 8 zoological zoological JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 81 9 concept concept NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 81 10 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 81 11 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 81 12 only only RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 81 13 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 81 14 applied apply VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 81 15 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 81 16 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 81 17 certain certain JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 81 18 degree degree NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 81 19 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 81 20 animal animal NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 81 21 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 81 22 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 82 1 Most Most JJS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 82 2 Neo Neo NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 82 3 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 82 4 Darwinians Darwinians NNPS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 82 5 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 82 6 zoologists zoologist NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 82 7 as as RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 82 8 well well RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 82 9 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 83 1 Horizontal horizontal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 83 2 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 83 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 83 4 Figure figure NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 83 5 1 1 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 83 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 83 7 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 83 8 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 83 9 through through IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 83 10 symbiogenesis symbiogenesis NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 83 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 83 12 Section section NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 83 13 2.2.1 2.2.1 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 83 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 83 15 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 83 16 hybridization hybridization NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 83 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 83 18 Section section NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 83 19 2.2.2 2.2.2 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 83 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 84 1 but but CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 84 2 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 84 3 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 84 4 also also RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 84 5 occur occur VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 84 6 at at IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 84 7 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 84 8 inter inter JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 84 9 - - JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 84 10 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 84 11 intraspecific intraspecific JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 84 12 level level NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 84 13 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 84 14 animal animal NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 84 15 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 84 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 84 17 Section section NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 84 18 2.2.3 2.2.3 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 84 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 84 20 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 85 1 Two two CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 85 2 general general JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 85 3 definitions definition NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 85 4 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 85 5 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 85 6 given give VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 85 7 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 85 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 85 9 1 1 LS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 85 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 86 1 Horizontal horizontal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 86 2 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 86 3 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 86 4 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 86 5 coming come VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 86 6 together together RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 86 7 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 86 8 merging merge VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 86 9 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 86 10 existing exist VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 86 11 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 86 12 independently independently RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 86 13 evolved evolve VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 86 14 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 86 15 lineages lineage NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 86 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 86 17 we -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 86 18 will will MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 86 19 return return VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 86 20 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 86 21 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 86 22 definition definition NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 86 23 under under IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 86 24 Sections section NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 86 25 2.2.1 2.2.1 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 86 26 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 86 27 2.2.3 2.2.3 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 86 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 86 29 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 87 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 87 2 2 2 LS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 87 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 87 4 Horizontal horizontal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 87 5 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 87 6 happens happen VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 87 7 when when WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 87 8 existing exist VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 87 9 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 87 10 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 87 11 retained retain VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 87 12 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 87 13 spread spread VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 87 14 out out RP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 87 15 geographically geographically RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 87 16 within within IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 87 17 members member NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 87 18 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 87 19 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 87 20 population population NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 87 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 87 22 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 87 23 across across IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 87 24 generations generation NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 87 25 through through IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 87 26 time time NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 87 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 87 28 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 88 1 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 88 2 second second JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 88 3 general general JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 88 4 definition definition NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 88 5 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 88 6 what what WP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 88 7 horizontal horizontal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 88 8 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 88 9 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 88 10 about about IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 88 11 resembles resemble VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 88 12 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 88 13 definition definition NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 88 14 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 88 15 vertical vertical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 88 16 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 88 17 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 88 18 but but CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 88 19 there there EX cord-016062-h4vjkufn 88 20 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 88 21 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 88 22 difference difference NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 88 23 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 88 24 only only RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 88 25 existing exist VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 88 26 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 88 27 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 88 28 retained retain VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 88 29 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 88 30 spread spread VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 88 31 throughout throughout IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 88 32 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 88 33 population population NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 88 34 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 89 1 Neo Neo NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 89 2 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 89 3 Darwinians Darwinians NNPS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 89 4 do do VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 89 5 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 89 6 explain explain VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 89 7 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 89 8 phenomenon phenomenon NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 89 9 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 89 10 horizontal horizontal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 89 11 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 89 12 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 89 13 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 89 14 form form NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 89 15 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 89 16 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 89 17 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 89 18 rather rather RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 89 19 they -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 89 20 regard regard VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 89 21 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 89 22 process process NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 89 23 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 89 24 passing pass VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 89 25 on on RP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 89 26 already already RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 89 27 existing exist VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 89 28 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 89 29 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 89 30 part part NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 89 31 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 89 32 variation variation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 89 33 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 90 1 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 90 2 more more JJR cord-016062-h4vjkufn 90 3 variation variation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 90 4 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 90 5 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 90 6 less less JJR cord-016062-h4vjkufn 90 7 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 90 8 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 90 9 held hold VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 90 10 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 90 11 common common JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 90 12 within within IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 90 13 members member NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 90 14 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 90 15 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 90 16 same same JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 90 17 species specie NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 90 18 ; ; : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 90 19 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 90 20 less less JJR cord-016062-h4vjkufn 90 21 variation variation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 90 22 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 90 23 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 90 24 more more JJR cord-016062-h4vjkufn 90 25 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 90 26 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 90 27 ' ' `` cord-016062-h4vjkufn 90 28 fixed fix VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 90 29 ' ' '' cord-016062-h4vjkufn 90 30 within within IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 90 31 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 90 32 population population NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 90 33 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 90 34 hence hence RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 90 35 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 90 36 regarded regard VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 90 37 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 90 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 90 39 linked link VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 90 40 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 90 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 90 42 typical typical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 90 43 traits trait NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 90 44 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 90 45 that that DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 90 46 population population NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 90 47 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 91 1 As as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 91 2 mentioned mention VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 91 3 above above RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 91 4 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 91 5 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 91 6 Modern Modern NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 91 7 Synthesis Synthesis NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 91 8 focuses focus VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 91 9 on on IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 91 10 two two CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 91 11 steps step NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 91 12 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 91 13 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 91 14 sex sex NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 91 15 cells cell NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 91 16 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 91 17 where where WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 91 18 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 91 19 possibly possibly RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 91 20 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 91 21 passed pass VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 91 22 on on RP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 91 23 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 91 24 one one CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 91 25 generation generation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 91 26 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 91 27 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 91 28 next next JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 91 29 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 91 30 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 91 31 possible possible JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 91 32 random random JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 91 33 mutations mutation NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 91 34 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 91 35 occur occur VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 91 36 within within IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 91 37 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 91 38 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 91 39 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 92 1 Hence hence RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 92 2 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 92 3 popular popular JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 92 4 idea idea NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 92 5 put put VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 92 6 forward forward RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 92 7 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 92 8 Neo Neo NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 92 9 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 92 10 Darwinians Darwinians NNPS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 92 11 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 92 12 animals animal NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 92 13 pass pass VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 92 14 on on IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 92 15 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 92 16 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 92 17 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 92 18 one one CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 92 19 generation generation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 92 20 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 92 21 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 92 22 next next JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 92 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 92 24 Gontier Gontier NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 92 25 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 92 26 2004 2004 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 92 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 92 28 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 1 This this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 2 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 3 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 4 true true JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 5 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 6 animals animal NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 7 do do VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 8 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 9 pass pass VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 10 on on RP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 11 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 12 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 13 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 14 one one CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 15 generation generation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 16 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 17 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 18 next next JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 19 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 20 they -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 21 pass pass VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 22 on on IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 23 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 24 sex sex NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 25 cells cell NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 27 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 28 contain contain VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 29 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 31 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 32 one one CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 33 generation generation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 34 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 35 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 36 next next JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 37 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 38 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 39 here here RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 40 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 41 horizontal horizontal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 42 element element NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 43 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 44 involved involve VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 45 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 46 namely namely RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 47 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 48 two two CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 49 members member NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 50 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 51 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 52 same same JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 53 species specie NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 54 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 55 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 56 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 57 opposite opposite JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 58 sexes sex NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 59 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 60 mate mate NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 61 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 62 if if IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 63 all all DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 64 goes go VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 65 well well RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 66 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 67 sperm sperm NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 68 cell cell NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 69 penetrates penetrate VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 70 an an DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 71 egg egg NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 72 cell cell NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 73 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 74 resulting result VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 75 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 76 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 77 formation formation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 78 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 79 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 80 cell cell NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 81 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 82 diploid diploid JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 83 chromosomes chromosome NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 84 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 85 " " '' cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 86 Zoologists zoologist NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 87 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 88 those those DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 89 who who WP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 90 professionally professionally RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 91 study study VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 92 animals animal NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 93 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 94 have have VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 95 imposed impose VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 96 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 97 distinct distinct JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 98 concept concept NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 99 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 100 species specie NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 101 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 102 which which WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 103 they -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 104 call call VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 105 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 106 ' ' `` cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 107 biological biological JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 108 species species NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 109 concept concept NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 110 ' ' '' cord-016062-h4vjkufn 93 111 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 94 1 Coyotes coyote NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 94 2 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 94 3 dogs dog NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 94 4 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 94 5 nature nature NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 94 6 do do VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 94 7 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 94 8 mate mate VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 94 9 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 94 10 produce produce VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 94 11 fully fully RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 94 12 fertile fertile JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 94 13 offspring offspring NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 94 14 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 95 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 95 2 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 95 3 ' ' `` cord-016062-h4vjkufn 95 4 reproductively reproductively RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 95 5 isolated isolate VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 95 6 ' ' '' cord-016062-h4vjkufn 95 7 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 96 1 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 96 2 zoological zoological JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 96 3 definition definition NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 96 4 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 96 5 species specie NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 96 6 refers refer VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 96 7 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 96 8 organisms organism NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 96 9 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 96 10 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 96 11 hybridize hybridize VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 96 12 - - : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 96 13 that that DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 96 14 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 96 15 mate mate VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 96 16 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 96 17 produce produce VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 96 18 fertile fertile JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 96 19 offspring offspring NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 96 20 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 97 1 Thus thus RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 97 2 organisms organism NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 97 3 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 97 4 interbreed interbreed VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 97 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 97 6 like like IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 97 7 people people NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 97 8 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 97 9 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 97 10 like like IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 97 11 bulls bull NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 97 12 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 97 13 cows cow NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 97 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 97 15 belong belong VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 97 16 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 97 17 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 97 18 same same JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 97 19 species specie NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 97 20 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 98 1 Botanists botanist NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 98 2 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 98 3 who who WP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 98 4 study study VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 98 5 plants plant NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 98 6 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 98 7 also also RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 98 8 find find VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 98 9 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 98 10 definition definition NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 98 11 useful useful JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 99 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 99 2 Margulis Margulis NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 99 3 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 99 4 Sagan Sagan NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 99 5 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 99 6 2002 2002 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 99 7 : : SYM cord-016062-h4vjkufn 99 8 4 4 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 99 9 - - SYM cord-016062-h4vjkufn 99 10 5 5 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 99 11 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 99 12 my -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 99 13 emphasis emphasis NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 99 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 99 15 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 100 1 " " `` cord-016062-h4vjkufn 100 2 There there EX cord-016062-h4vjkufn 100 3 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 100 4 more more JJR cord-016062-h4vjkufn 100 5 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 100 6 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 100 7 than than IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 100 8 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 100 9 mere mere JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 100 10 definition definition NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 100 11 process process NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 100 12 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 101 1 This this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 101 2 crucial crucial JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 101 3 horizontal horizontal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 101 4 step step NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 101 5 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 101 6 taken take VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 101 7 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 101 8 granted granted JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 101 9 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 101 10 even even RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 101 11 ignored ignore VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 101 12 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 101 13 Neo Neo NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 101 14 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 101 15 Darwinian darwinian JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 101 16 theory theory NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 101 17 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 101 18 because because IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 101 19 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 101 20 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 101 21 focus focus NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 101 22 on on IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 101 23 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 101 24 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 102 1 Every every DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 102 2 mating mating NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 102 3 process process NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 102 4 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 102 5 however however RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 102 6 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 102 7 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 102 8 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 102 9 crucial crucial JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 102 10 horizontal horizontal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 102 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 102 12 temporary temporary JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 102 13 merging merging NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 102 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 102 15 process process NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 102 16 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 102 17 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 102 18 parents parent NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 102 19 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 102 20 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 102 21 every every DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 102 22 fertilization fertilization NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 102 23 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 102 24 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 102 25 permanent permanent JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 102 26 merging merging NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 102 27 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 102 28 recombining recombining NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 102 29 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 102 30 different different JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 102 31 cells cell NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 102 32 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 102 33 contain contain VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 102 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 102 35 mostly mostly RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 102 36 already already RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 102 37 existing exist VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 102 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 102 39 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 102 40 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 103 1 Since since IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 103 2 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 103 3 mostly mostly RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 103 4 only only RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 103 5 involves involve VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 103 6 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 103 7 passing passing NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 103 8 on on RP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 103 9 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 103 10 recombining recombine VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 103 11 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 103 12 existing exist VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 103 13 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 103 14 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 103 15 I -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 103 16 prefer prefer VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 103 17 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 103 18 call call VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 103 19 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 103 20 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 103 21 form form NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 103 22 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 103 23 horizontal horizontal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 103 24 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 103 25 contrary contrary JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 103 26 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 103 27 regarding regard VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 103 28 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 103 29 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 103 30 part part NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 103 31 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 103 32 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 103 33 process process NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 103 34 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 103 35 individual individual JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 103 36 variation variation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 103 37 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 103 38 occurs occur VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 103 39 because because IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 103 40 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 103 41 vertical vertical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 103 42 genetic genetic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 103 43 recombinations recombination NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 103 44 without without IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 103 45 there there EX cord-016062-h4vjkufn 103 46 actually actually RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 103 47 being be VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 103 48 vertical vertical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 103 49 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 103 50 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 103 51 because because IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 103 52 no no DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 103 53 species species NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 103 54 evolves evolve VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 103 55 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 103 56 goes go VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 103 57 extinct extinct JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 103 58 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 103 59 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 104 1 Vertical vertical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 104 2 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 104 3 carries carry VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 104 4 connotations connotation NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 104 5 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 104 6 speciation speciation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 104 7 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 104 8 mutations mutation NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 104 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 104 10 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 104 11 introduction introduction NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 104 12 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 104 13 new new JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 104 14 genetic genetic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 104 15 material material NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 104 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 104 17 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 104 18 branching branching NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 104 19 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 104 20 which which WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 104 21 leads lead VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 104 22 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 104 23 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 104 24 idea idea NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 104 25 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 104 26 all all DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 104 27 animals animal NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 104 28 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 104 29 belong belong VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 104 30 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 104 31 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 104 32 same same JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 104 33 species specie NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 104 34 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 104 35 carry carry VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 104 36 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 104 37 same same JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 104 38 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 104 39 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 104 40 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 104 41 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 104 42 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 104 43 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 104 44 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 104 45 essential essential JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 104 46 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 104 47 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 104 48 that that DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 104 49 species specie NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 104 50 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 105 1 Horizontal horizontal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 105 2 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 105 3 emphasizes emphasize VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 105 4 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 105 5 coming come VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 105 6 together together RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 105 7 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 105 8 spreading spread VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 105 9 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 105 10 already already RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 105 11 existing exist VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 105 12 genetic genetic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 105 13 material material NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 105 14 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 105 15 involves involve VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 105 16 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 105 17 process process NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 105 18 worth worth JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 105 19 studying study VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 105 20 on on IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 105 21 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 105 22 own own JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 105 23 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 106 1 Only only RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 106 2 prokaryotes prokaryote NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 106 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 106 4 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 106 5 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 106 6 viruses virus NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 106 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 106 8 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 106 9 able able JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 106 10 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 106 11 pass pass VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 106 12 on on RP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 106 13 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 106 14 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 106 15 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 106 16 immediately immediately RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 106 17 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 106 18 directly directly RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 106 19 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 106 20 within within IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 106 21 one one CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 106 22 generation generation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 106 23 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 106 24 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 106 25 one one CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 106 26 generation generation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 106 27 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 106 28 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 106 29 next next JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 106 30 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 107 1 Bacteria Bacteria NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 107 2 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 107 3 who who WP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 107 4 happen happen VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 107 5 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 107 6 bump bump VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 107 7 into into IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 107 8 each each DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 107 9 other other JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 107 10 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 107 11 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 107 12 exchange exchange VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 107 13 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 107 14 donate donate VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 107 15 genetic genetic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 107 16 material material NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 107 17 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 107 18 they -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 107 19 form form VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 107 20 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 107 21 bridge bridge NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 107 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 107 23 literally literally RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 107 24 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 107 25 made make VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 107 26 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 107 27 proteins protein NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 107 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 107 29 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 107 30 exchange exchange VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 107 31 genetic genetic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 107 32 material material NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 107 33 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 107 34 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 107 35 direct direct JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 107 36 way way NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 107 37 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 108 1 A a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 108 2 process process NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 108 3 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 108 4 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 108 5 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 108 6 understood understand VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 108 7 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 108 8 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 108 9 following follow VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 108 10 analogy analogy NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 109 1 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 109 2 Imagine imagine VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 109 3 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 109 4 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 109 5 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 109 6 coffee coffee NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 109 7 house house NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 109 8 you -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 109 9 brush brush VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 109 10 up up RP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 109 11 against against IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 109 12 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 109 13 guy guy NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 109 14 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 109 15 green green JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 109 16 hair hair NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 109 17 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 110 1 In in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 110 2 so so RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 110 3 doing do VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 110 4 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 110 5 you -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 110 6 acquire acquire VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 110 7 that that DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 110 8 part part NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 110 9 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 110 10 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 110 11 genetic genetic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 110 12 endowment endowment NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 110 13 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 110 14 along along IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 110 15 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 110 16 perhaps perhaps RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 110 17 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 110 18 few few JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 110 19 more more JJR cord-016062-h4vjkufn 110 20 novel novel JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 110 21 items item NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 110 22 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 111 1 Not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 111 2 only only RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 111 3 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 111 4 you -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 111 5 now now RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 111 6 transmit transmit VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 111 7 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 111 8 gene gene NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 111 9 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 111 10 green green JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 111 11 hair hair NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 111 12 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 111 13 your -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 111 14 children child NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 111 15 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 111 16 but but CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 111 17 you -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 111 18 yourself -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 111 19 leave leave VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 111 20 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 111 21 coffee coffee NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 111 22 shop shop NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 111 23 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 111 24 green green JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 111 25 hair hair NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 111 26 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 112 1 Bacteria Bacteria NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 112 2 indulge indulge VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 112 3 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 112 4 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 112 5 sort sort NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 112 6 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 112 7 casual casual JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 112 8 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 112 9 quick quick JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 112 10 gene gene NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 112 11 acquisition acquisition NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 112 12 all all PDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 112 13 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 112 14 time time NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 112 15 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 113 1 Bathing bathing NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 113 2 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 113 3 they -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 113 4 release release VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 113 5 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 113 6 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 113 7 into into IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 113 8 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 113 9 surrounding surround VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 113 10 liquid liquid NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 113 11 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 114 1 If if IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 114 2 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 114 3 standard standard JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 114 4 definition definition NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 114 5 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 114 6 species specie NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 114 7 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 114 8 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 114 9 group group NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 114 10 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 114 11 organisms organism NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 114 12 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 114 13 interbreed interbreed VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 114 14 only only RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 114 15 among among IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 114 16 themselves -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 114 17 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 114 18 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 114 19 applied apply VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 114 20 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 114 21 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 114 22 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 114 23 then then RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 114 24 all all DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 114 25 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 114 26 belong belong VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 114 27 worldwide worldwide RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 114 28 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 114 29 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 114 30 single single JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 114 31 species specie NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 114 32 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 115 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 115 2 Margulis Margulis NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 115 3 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 115 4 Sagan Sagan NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 115 5 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 115 6 2000 2000 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 115 7 : : SYM cord-016062-h4vjkufn 115 8 93 93 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 115 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 116 1 In in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 116 2 contrast contrast NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 116 3 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 116 4 all all DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 116 5 eukaryotic eukaryotic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 116 6 organisms organism NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 116 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 116 8 protists protist NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 116 9 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 116 10 plants plant NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 116 11 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 116 12 animals animal NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 116 13 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 116 14 fungi fungus NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 116 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 116 16 pass pass VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 116 17 on on IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 116 18 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 116 19 sex sex NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 116 20 cells cell NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 116 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 116 22 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 116 23 genetic genetic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 116 24 material material NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 116 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 116 26 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 116 27 one one CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 116 28 generation generation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 116 29 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 116 30 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 116 31 next next JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 116 32 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 117 1 Although although IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 117 2 Darwin Darwin NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 117 3 entitled entitle VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 117 4 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 117 5 magnum magnum NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 117 6 opus opus NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 117 7 On on IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 117 8 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 117 9 Origin Origin NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 117 10 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 117 11 Species Species NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 117 12 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 117 13 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 117 14 appearance appearance NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 117 15 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 117 16 new new JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 117 17 species specie NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 117 18 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 117 19 scarcely scarcely RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 117 20 even even RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 117 21 discussed discuss VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 117 22 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 117 23 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 117 24 book book NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 117 25 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 118 1 Symbiosis symbiosis NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 118 2 [ [ -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 118 3 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 118 4 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 118 5 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 118 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 119 1 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 119 2 crucial crucial JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 119 3 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 119 4 an an DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 119 5 understanding understanding NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 119 6 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 119 7 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 119 8 novelty novelty NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 119 9 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 119 10 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 119 11 origin origin NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 119 12 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 119 13 species specie NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 119 14 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 120 1 Indeed indeed RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 120 2 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 120 3 I -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 120 4 believe believe VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 120 5 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 120 6 idea idea NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 120 7 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 120 8 species specie NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 120 9 itself -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 120 10 requires require VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 120 11 symbiosis symbiosis NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 120 12 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 121 1 Bacteria Bacteria NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 121 2 do do VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 121 3 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 121 4 have have VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 121 5 species specie NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 121 6 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 122 1 No no DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 122 2 species specie NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 122 3 existed exist VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 122 4 before before IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 122 5 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 122 6 merged merge VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 122 7 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 122 8 form form VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 122 9 larger large JJR cord-016062-h4vjkufn 122 10 cells cell NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 122 11 including include VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 122 12 ancestors ancestor NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 122 13 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 122 14 both both DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 122 15 plants plant NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 122 16 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 122 17 animals animal NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 122 18 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 123 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 123 2 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 123 3 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 123 4 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 123 5 ] ] -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 124 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 124 2 L]ong l]ong NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 124 3 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 124 4 standing stand VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 124 5 symbiosis symbiosis NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 124 6 led lead VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 124 7 first first RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 124 8 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 124 9 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 124 10 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 124 11 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 124 12 complex complex JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 124 13 cells cell NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 124 14 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 124 15 nuclei nucleus NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 124 16 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 124 17 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 124 18 there there RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 124 19 on on RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 124 20 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 124 21 other other JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 124 22 organisms organism NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 124 23 such such JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 124 24 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 124 25 fungi fungus NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 124 26 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 124 27 plants plant NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 124 28 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 124 29 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 124 30 animals animal NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 124 31 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 125 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 125 2 Margulis Margulis NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 125 3 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 125 4 1999 1999 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 125 5 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 125 6 8) 8) NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 126 1 As as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 126 2 Margulis Margulis NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 126 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 126 4 1999 1999 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 126 5 ; ; : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 126 6 Margulis Margulis NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 126 7 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 126 8 Sagan Sagan NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 126 9 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 126 10 2000 2000 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 126 11 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 126 12 2002 2002 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 126 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 126 14 shows show NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 126 15 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 126 16 all all DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 126 17 life life NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 126 18 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 126 19 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 126 20 divided divide VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 126 21 into into IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 126 22 organisms organism NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 126 23 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 126 24 two two CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 126 25 basic basic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 126 26 cell cell NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 126 27 types type NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 126 28 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 126 29 prokaryotic prokaryotic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 126 30 organisms organism NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 126 31 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 126 32 eukaryotic eukaryotic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 126 33 organisms organism NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 126 34 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 127 1 Prokaryotes prokaryote NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 127 2 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 127 3 all all DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 128 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 128 2 Archae)bacteria archae)bacteria PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 128 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 128 4 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 128 5 first first JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 128 6 kingdom kingdom NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 128 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 128 8 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 128 9 quantitatively quantitatively RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 128 10 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 128 11 most most RBS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 128 12 common common JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 128 13 form form NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 128 14 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 128 15 life life NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 128 16 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 129 1 Typical typical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 129 2 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 129 3 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 129 4 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 129 5 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 129 6 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 129 7 fact fact NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 129 8 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 129 9 they -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 129 10 carry carry VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 129 11 genetic genetic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 129 12 material material NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 129 13 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 129 14 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 129 15 cells cell NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 129 16 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 129 17 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 129 18 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 129 19 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 129 20 encode encode VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 129 21 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 129 22 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 129 23 proteins protein NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 129 24 present present JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 129 25 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 129 26 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 129 27 cells cell NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 129 28 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 130 1 However however RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 130 2 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 130 3 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 130 4 genetic genetic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 130 5 material material NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 130 6 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 130 7 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 130 8 organized organize VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 130 9 on on IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 130 10 chromosomes chromosome NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 130 11 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 130 12 nor nor CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 130 13 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 130 14 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 130 15 encapsulated encapsulate VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 130 16 within within IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 130 17 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 130 18 nucleus nucleus NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 130 19 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 131 1 As as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 131 2 said say VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 131 3 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 131 4 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 131 5 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 131 6 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 131 7 exchange exchange VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 131 8 genetic genetic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 131 9 material material NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 131 10 freely freely RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 131 11 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 131 12 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 131 13 horizontal horizontal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 131 14 fashion fashion NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 131 15 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 132 1 Eukaryotes eukaryote NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 132 2 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 132 3 all all DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 132 4 organisms organism NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 132 5 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 132 6 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 132 7 part part NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 132 8 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 132 9 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 132 10 other other JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 132 11 four four CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 132 12 kingdoms kingdom NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 132 13 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 132 14 life life NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 132 15 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 132 16 protists protist NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 132 17 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 132 18 animals animal NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 132 19 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 132 20 plants plant NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 132 21 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 132 22 fungi fungus NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 132 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 132 24 mushrooms mushroom NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 132 25 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 132 26 yeast yeast NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 132 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 132 28 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 133 1 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 133 2 cells cell NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 133 3 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 133 4 make make VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 133 5 up up RP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 133 6 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 133 7 eukaryotic eukaryotic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 133 8 organisms organism NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 133 9 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 133 10 all all DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 133 11 contain contain VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 133 12 genetic genetic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 133 13 material material NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 133 14 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 133 15 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 133 16 organized organize VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 133 17 on on IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 133 18 chromosomes chromosome NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 133 19 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 133 20 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 133 21 encapsulated encapsulate VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 133 22 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 133 23 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 133 24 protecting protect VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 133 25 nucleus nucleus NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 133 26 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 134 1 Animals animal NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 134 2 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 134 3 plants plant NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 134 4 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 134 5 fungi fungi NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 134 6 cells cell NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 134 7 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 134 8 beside beside IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 134 9 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 134 10 nucleus nucleus NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 134 11 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 134 12 also also RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 134 13 contain contain VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 134 14 organelles organelle NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 134 15 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 134 16 little little JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 134 17 bodies body NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 134 18 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 134 19 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 134 20 cell cell NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 134 21 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 134 22 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 134 23 enclosed enclose VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 134 24 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 134 25 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 134 26 own own JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 134 27 membrane membrane NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 134 28 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 134 29 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 134 30 contain contain VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 134 31 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 134 32 own own JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 134 33 genetic genetic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 134 34 material material NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 134 35 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 135 1 What what WP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 135 2 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 135 3 interesting interesting JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 135 4 about about IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 135 5 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 135 6 genetic genetic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 135 7 material material NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 135 8 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 135 9 that that DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 135 10 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 135 11 when when WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 135 12 compared compare VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 135 13 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 135 14 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 135 15 genetic genetic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 135 16 material material NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 135 17 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 135 18 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 135 19 nucleus nucleus NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 135 20 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 135 21 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 135 22 shows show VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 135 23 little little JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 135 24 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 135 25 no no DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 135 26 resemblance resemblance NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 135 27 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 135 28 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 135 29 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 1 However however RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 2 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 3 when when WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 4 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 5 genetic genetic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 6 material material NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 7 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 8 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 9 present present JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 10 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 11 all all DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 12 organelles organelle NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 13 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 14 eukaryotic eukaryotic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 15 cells cell NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 16 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 17 compared compare VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 18 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 19 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 20 genetic genetic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 21 material material NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 22 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 23 today today NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 24 's 's POS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 25 independently independently RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 26 existing exist VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 27 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 29 that that RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 30 is is RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 31 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 32 prokaryotes prokaryote NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 34 they -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 35 show show VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 36 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 37 very very RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 38 high high JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 39 resemblance resemblance NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 40 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 41 so so RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 42 high high JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 43 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 44 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 45 we -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 46 have have VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 47 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 48 conclude conclude VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 49 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 50 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 51 organelles organelle NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 52 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 53 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 54 part part NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 55 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 56 all all DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 57 eukaryotic eukaryotic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 58 cells cell NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 59 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 60 used use VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 61 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 62 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 63 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 64 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 65 lived live VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 66 independently independently RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 136 67 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 137 1 Somehow somehow RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 137 2 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 137 3 2 2 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 137 4 billion billion CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 137 5 years year NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 137 6 ago ago RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 137 7 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 137 8 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 137 9 merged merge VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 137 10 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 137 11 instead instead RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 137 12 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 137 13 just just RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 137 14 exchanging exchange VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 137 15 genetic genetic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 137 16 material material NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 137 17 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 137 18 whole whole JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 137 19 bodies body NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 137 20 fused fuse VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 137 21 together together RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 137 22 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 137 23 they -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 137 24 penetrated penetrate VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 137 25 each each DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 137 26 other other JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 137 27 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 137 28 literally literally RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 137 29 started start VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 137 30 living live VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 137 31 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 137 32 each each DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 137 33 other other JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 137 34 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 137 35 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 137 36 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 137 37 form form NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 137 38 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 137 39 permanent permanent JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 137 40 parasitism parasitism NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 137 41 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 138 1 These these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 138 2 merged merge VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 138 3 beings being NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 138 4 evolved evolve VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 138 5 into into IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 138 6 protists protist NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 138 7 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 138 8 multicellular multicellular JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 138 9 organisms organism NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 138 10 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 138 11 ending end VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 138 12 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 138 13 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 138 14 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 138 15 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 138 16 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 138 17 fungi fungus NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 138 18 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 138 19 plant plant NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 138 20 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 138 21 animal animal NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 138 22 kingdoms kingdom NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 138 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 138 24 Figure figure NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 138 25 2 2 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 138 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 138 27 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 139 1 And and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 139 2 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 139 3 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 139 4 types type NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 139 5 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 139 6 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 139 7 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 139 8 fused fuse VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 139 9 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 139 10 still still RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 139 11 exist exist VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 139 12 today today NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 139 13 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 139 14 on on IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 139 15 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 139 16 own own JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 139 17 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 139 18 thereby thereby RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 139 19 excluding exclude VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 139 20 any any DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 139 21 deterministic deterministic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 139 22 process process NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 139 23 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 139 24 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 139 25 mergings merging NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 139 26 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 139 27 occurred occur VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 139 28 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 139 29 occurred occur VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 139 30 randomly randomly RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 139 31 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 139 32 otherwise otherwise RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 139 33 we -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 139 34 would would MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 139 35 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 139 36 see see VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 139 37 members member NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 139 38 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 139 39 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 139 40 different different JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 139 41 types type NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 139 42 alive alive JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 139 43 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 139 44 on on IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 139 45 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 139 46 own own JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 139 47 today today NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 139 48 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 140 1 Bacteria Bacteria NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 140 2 fused fuse VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 140 3 literally literally RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 140 4 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 140 5 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 140 6 cannibalism cannibalism NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 140 7 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 140 8 enforced enforce VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 140 9 parasitism parasitism NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 140 10 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 141 1 Another another DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 141 2 interesting interesting JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 141 3 aspect aspect NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 141 4 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 141 5 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 141 6 organelles organelle NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 141 7 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 141 8 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 141 9 they -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 141 10 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 141 11 passed pass VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 141 12 on on RP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 141 13 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 141 14 one one CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 141 15 generation generation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 141 16 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 141 17 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 141 18 next next JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 141 19 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 141 20 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 141 21 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 141 22 non non JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 141 23 - - JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 141 24 Mendelian mendelian JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 141 25 fashion fashion NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 141 26 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 142 1 Only only RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 142 2 eggs egg NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 142 3 contain contain VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 142 4 mitochondria mitochondrion NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 142 5 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 142 6 chloroplasts chloroplast NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 142 7 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 142 8 sperm sperm NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 142 9 cells cell NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 142 10 lack lack VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 142 11 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 142 12 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 143 1 So so RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 143 2 every every DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 143 3 eukaryotic eukaryotic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 143 4 organism organism NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 143 5 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 143 6 male male JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 143 7 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 143 8 female female JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 143 9 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 143 10 receives receive VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 143 11 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 143 12 organelles organelle NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 143 13 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 143 14 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 143 15 specific specific JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 143 16 genetic genetic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 143 17 Paracocci Paracocci NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 143 18 Thermoplasm Thermoplasm NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 143 19 Spirochetes Spirochetes NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 143 20 Cyanobacteria Cyanobacteria NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 143 21 Protoctista Protoctista NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 143 22 Animals animal NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 143 23 Plants plant NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 144 1 Fungi fungi NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 144 2 Nucleic Nucleic NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 144 3 cells cell NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 144 4 Figure figure NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 144 5 2 2 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 144 6 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 145 1 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 145 2 symbiotic symbiotic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 145 3 mergers merger NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 145 4 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 145 5 took take VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 145 6 place place NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 145 7 between between IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 145 8 different different JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 145 9 prokaryotic prokaryotic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 145 10 organisms organism NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 145 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 145 12 all all DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 145 13 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 145 14 beneath beneath IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 145 15 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 145 16 dotted dotted JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 145 17 line line NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 145 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 145 19 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 145 20 lead lead VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 145 21 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 145 22 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 145 23 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 145 24 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 145 25 eukaryotic eukaryotic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 145 26 organisms organism NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 145 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 145 28 everything everything NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 145 29 above above IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 145 30 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 145 31 dotted dotted JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 145 32 line line NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 145 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 145 34 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 146 1 Important important JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 146 2 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 146 3 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 146 4 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 146 5 lineages lineage NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 146 6 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 146 7 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 146 8 instead instead RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 146 9 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 146 10 forming form VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 146 11 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 146 12 splitting splitting JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 146 13 pattern pattern NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 146 14 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 146 15 merge merge VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 146 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 146 17 based base VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 146 18 on on IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 146 19 Margulis Margulis NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 146 20 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 146 21 1999:41 1999:41 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 146 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 146 23 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 147 1 material material NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 147 2 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 147 3 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 147 4 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 147 5 mother mother NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 147 6 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 148 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 148 2 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 148 3 hence hence RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 148 4 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 148 5 true true JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 148 6 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 148 7 we -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 148 8 receive receive VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 148 9 half half NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 148 10 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 148 11 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 148 12 genetic genetic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 148 13 material material NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 148 14 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 148 15 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 148 16 mother mother NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 148 17 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 148 18 half half NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 148 19 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 148 20 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 148 21 father father NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 148 22 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 148 23 5 5 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 149 1 According accord VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 149 2 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 149 3 Margulis Margulis NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 149 4 ' ' POS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 149 5 theory theory NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 149 6 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 149 7 we -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 149 8 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 149 9 only only RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 149 10 talk talk VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 149 11 about about IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 149 12 ' ' `` cord-016062-h4vjkufn 149 13 species specie NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 149 14 ' ' '' cord-016062-h4vjkufn 149 15 at at IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 149 16 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 149 17 level level NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 149 18 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 149 19 eukaryotic eukaryotic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 149 20 organisms organism NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 149 21 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 149 22 where where WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 149 23 cell cell NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 149 24 fusions fusion NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 149 25 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 149 26 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 149 27 driving drive VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 149 28 forces force NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 149 29 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 149 30 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 149 31 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 149 32 while while IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 149 33 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 149 34 ca can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 149 35 n't not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 149 36 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 149 37 distinguished distinguish VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 149 38 into into IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 149 39 species specie NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 149 40 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 149 41 rather rather RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 149 42 they -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 149 43 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 149 44 classified classify VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 149 45 into into IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 149 46 different different JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 149 47 types type NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 149 48 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 149 49 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 149 50 belong belong VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 149 51 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 149 52 one one CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 149 53 single single JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 149 54 species specie NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 149 55 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 149 56 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 150 1 Mitosis mitosis NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 150 2 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 150 3 meiosis meiosis NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 150 4 always always RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 150 5 occurs occur VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 150 6 at at IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 150 7 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 150 8 level level NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 150 9 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 150 10 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 150 11 cell cell NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 150 12 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 150 13 between between IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 150 14 cells cell NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 150 15 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 151 1 Hence hence RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 151 2 according accord VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 151 3 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 151 4 Margulis Margulis NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 151 5 ' ' POS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 151 6 view view NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 151 7 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 151 8 all all DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 151 9 eukaryotic eukaryotic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 151 10 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 151 11 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 151 12 even even RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 151 13 today today NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 151 14 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 151 15 during during IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 151 16 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 151 17 reproduction reproduction NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 151 18 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 151 19 organisms organism NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 151 20 belonging belong VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 151 21 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 151 22 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 151 23 four four CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 151 24 eukaryotic eukaryotic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 151 25 kingdoms kingdom NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 151 26 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 151 27 requires require VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 151 28 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 151 29 certain certain JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 151 30 form form NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 151 31 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 151 32 symbiogenesis symbiogenesis NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 151 33 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 152 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 152 2 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 152 3 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 152 4 horizontal horizontal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 152 5 process process NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 152 6 needs need VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 152 7 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 152 8 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 152 9 distinguished distinguish VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 152 10 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 152 11 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 152 12 vertical vertical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 152 13 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 152 14 process process NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 152 15 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 153 1 Plant plant NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 153 2 hybridization hybridization NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 153 3 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 153 4 another another DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 153 5 form form NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 153 6 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 153 7 horizontal horizontal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 153 8 symbiotic symbiotic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 153 9 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 153 10 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 153 11 plants plant NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 153 12 also also RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 153 13 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 153 14 far far RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 153 15 outnumber outnumber NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 153 16 animals animal NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 153 17 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 154 1 Plant plant NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 154 2 species specie NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 154 3 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 154 4 evolved evolve VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 154 5 independently independently RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 154 6 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 154 7 one one NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 154 8 another another DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 154 9 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 154 10 cross cross VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 154 11 - - VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 154 12 fertilize fertilize VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 154 13 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 154 14 produce produce VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 154 15 fertile fertile JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 154 16 offspring offspring NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 154 17 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 155 1 This this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 155 2 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 155 3 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 155 4 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 155 5 mere mere JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 155 6 vertical vertical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 155 7 process process NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 155 8 either either CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 155 9 because because IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 155 10 what what WP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 155 11 we -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 155 12 call call VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 155 13 incest incest NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 155 14 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 155 15 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 155 16 rather rather RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 155 17 common common JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 155 18 phenomena phenomenon NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 155 19 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 155 20 hybridizing hybridize VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 155 21 plants plant NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 155 22 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 156 1 P1 P1 NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 156 2 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 156 3 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 156 4 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 156 5 result result NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 156 6 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 156 7 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 156 8 hybridization hybridization NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 156 9 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 156 10 two two CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 156 11 different different JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 156 12 plants plant NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 156 13 species specie NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 156 14 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 156 15 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 156 16 F1 f1 NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 156 17 hybrids hybrid NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 156 18 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 156 19 possibly possibly RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 156 20 cross cross VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 156 21 - - VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 156 22 fertilize fertilize VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 156 23 again again RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 156 24 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 156 25 P1 P1 NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 156 26 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 1 Hybridization hybridization NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 2 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 3 also also RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 4 occur occur VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 5 when when WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 6 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 7 instance instance NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 8 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 9 F1 F1 NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 10 hybrids hybrid NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 11 cross cross VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 12 - - JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 13 fertilize fertilize VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 14 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 15 yet yet RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 16 another another DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 17 plant plant NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 18 species specie NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 19 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 20 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 21 offspring offspring NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 22 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 23 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 24 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 25 sake sake NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 26 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 27 argument argument NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 28 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 29 called call VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 30 F2 f2 NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 31 hybrids hybrid NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 33 although although IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 34 they -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 35 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 36 F1 f1 NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 37 hybrids hybrid NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 38 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 39 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 40 crossings crossing NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 41 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 42 F1 F1 NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 43 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 44 yet yet RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 45 another another DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 46 species species NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 48 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 49 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 50 F2 f2 NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 51 hybrids hybrid NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 52 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 53 potentially potentially RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 54 cross cross VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 55 - - JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 56 fertilize fertilize VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 57 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 58 P1 P1 NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 59 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 60 F1 F1 NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 61 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 62 Figure figure NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 63 3 3 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 64 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 157 65 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 158 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 158 2 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 158 3 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 158 4 common common JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 158 5 thing thing NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 158 6 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 158 7 plants plant NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 158 8 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 158 9 indeed indeed RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 158 10 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 158 11 symbiotic symbiotic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 158 12 mergers merger NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 158 13 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 158 14 also also RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 158 15 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 158 16 form form NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 158 17 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 158 18 symbiogenesis symbiogenesis NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 158 19 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 158 20 because because IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 158 21 they -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 158 22 always always RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 158 23 involve involve VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 158 24 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 158 25 fertilization fertilization NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 158 26 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 158 27 whole whole JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 158 28 cells cell NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 158 29 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 158 30 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 158 31 merely merely RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 158 32 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 158 33 solely solely RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 158 34 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 158 35 passing passing NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 158 36 on on RP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 158 37 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 158 38 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 158 39 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 159 1 Bacteria Bacteria NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 159 2 today today NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 159 3 still still RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 159 4 donate donate VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 159 5 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 159 6 regularly regularly RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 159 7 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 160 1 That that DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 160 2 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 160 3 why why WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 160 4 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 160 5 instance instance NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 160 6 certain certain JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 160 7 infectious infectious JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 160 8 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 160 9 become become VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 160 10 immune immune JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 160 11 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 160 12 antibiotics antibiotic NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 160 13 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 161 1 Even even RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 161 2 if if IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 161 3 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 161 4 die die VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 161 5 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 161 6 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 161 7 certain certain JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 161 8 antibiotic antibiotic NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 161 9 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 161 10 suppose suppose VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 161 11 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 161 12 they -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 161 13 develop develop VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 161 14 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 161 15 resistant resistant JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 161 16 gene gene NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 161 17 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 161 18 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 161 19 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 161 20 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 161 21 alive alive JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 161 22 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 161 23 snap snap VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 161 24 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 161 25 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 161 26 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 161 27 those those DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 161 28 dead dead JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 161 29 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 161 30 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 162 1 Horizontal horizontal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 162 2 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 162 3 however however RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 162 4 does do VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 162 5 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 162 6 only only RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 162 7 occur occur VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 162 8 at at IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 162 9 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 162 10 prokaryotic prokaryotic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 162 11 level level NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 162 12 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 162 13 within within IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 162 14 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 162 15 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 162 16 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 162 17 eukaryotic eukaryotic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 162 18 plants plant NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 162 19 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 163 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 163 2 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 163 3 also also RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 163 4 occur occur VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 163 5 at at IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 163 6 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 163 7 intraand intraand NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 163 8 interspecific interspecific JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 163 9 level level NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 163 10 within within IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 163 11 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 163 12 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 163 13 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 163 14 eukaryotic eukaryotic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 163 15 life life NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 163 16 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 163 17 general general JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 163 18 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 163 19 also also RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 163 20 within within IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 163 21 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 163 22 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 163 23 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 163 24 animals animal NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 163 25 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 164 1 SARS SARS NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 165 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 165 2 Severe severe JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 165 3 Acute acute JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 165 4 Respiratory Respiratory NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 165 5 Syndrome)- Syndrome)- NNPS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 165 6 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 165 7 HIV HIV NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 165 8 - - : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 165 9 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 165 10 Ebola Ebola NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 165 11 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 165 12 viruses virus NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 165 13 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 165 14 instance instance NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 165 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 165 16 Kahn Kahn NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 165 17 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 165 18 2004 2004 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 165 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 165 20 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 165 21 viruses virus NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 165 22 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 165 23 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 165 24 passed pass VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 165 25 on on RP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 165 26 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 165 27 only only RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 165 28 between between IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 165 29 members member NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 165 30 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 165 31 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 165 32 same same JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 165 33 species specie NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 165 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 165 35 intraspecifically intraspecifically NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 165 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 165 37 but but CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 165 38 also also RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 165 39 between between IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 165 40 members member NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 165 41 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 165 42 different different JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 165 43 species specie NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 165 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 165 45 interspecifically interspecifically RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 165 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 165 47 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 166 1 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 166 2 recently recently RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 166 3 evolved evolve VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 166 4 SARS SARS NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 166 5 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 166 6 virus virus NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 166 7 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 166 8 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 166 9 virus virus NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 166 10 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 166 11 humans human NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 166 12 caught catch VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 166 13 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 166 14 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 166 15 result result NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 166 16 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 166 17 eating eat VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 166 18 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 166 19 being be VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 166 20 around around IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 166 21 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 166 22 masked masked JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 166 23 palm palm NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 166 24 civet civet NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 166 25 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 166 26 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 166 27 cat cat NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 166 28 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 166 29 sized sized JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 166 30 animal animal NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 166 31 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 167 1 SARS SARS NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 167 2 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 167 3 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 167 4 variant variant NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 167 5 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 167 6 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 167 7 common common JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 167 8 corona corona NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 167 9 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 167 10 virus virus NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 167 11 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 167 12 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 167 13 masked mask VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 167 14 palm palm NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 167 15 civets civet NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 167 16 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 168 1 Once once RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 168 2 one one CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 168 3 human human NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 168 4 catches catch VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 168 5 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 168 6 virus virus NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 168 7 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 168 8 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 168 9 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 168 10 spread spread VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 168 11 very very RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 168 12 rapidly rapidly RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 168 13 within within IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 168 14 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 168 15 human human JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 168 16 population population NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 168 17 at at IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 168 18 an an DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 168 19 intra intra JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 168 20 - - JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 168 21 specific specific JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 168 22 level level NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 168 23 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 169 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 169 2 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 169 3 also also RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 169 4 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 169 5 passed pass VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 169 6 on on RP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 169 7 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 169 8 one one CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 169 9 generation generation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 169 10 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 169 11 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 169 12 next next JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 169 13 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 169 14 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 169 15 because because IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 169 16 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 169 17 virus virus NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 169 18 contaminates contaminate VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 169 19 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 169 20 sex sex NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 169 21 cells cell NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 169 22 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 170 1 Rather rather RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 170 2 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 170 3 occurs occur VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 170 4 because because IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 170 5 when when WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 170 6 there there EX cord-016062-h4vjkufn 170 7 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 170 8 no no DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 170 9 external external JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 170 10 intervention intervention NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 170 11 like like IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 170 12 putting put VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 170 13 contaminated contaminate VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 170 14 individuals individual NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 170 15 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 170 16 quarantine quarantine NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 170 17 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 170 18 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 170 19 population population NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 170 20 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 170 21 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 170 22 whole whole NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 170 23 ' ' `` cord-016062-h4vjkufn 170 24 carries carry VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 170 25 ' ' '' cord-016062-h4vjkufn 170 26 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 170 27 virus virus NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 170 28 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 171 1 Newborn newborn JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 171 2 babies baby NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 171 3 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 171 4 catch catch VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 171 5 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 171 6 disease disease NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 171 7 because because IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 171 8 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 171 9 grandparents grandparent NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 171 10 have have VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 171 11 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 171 12 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 171 13 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 171 14 grandparents grandparent NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 171 15 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 171 16 catch catch VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 171 17 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 171 18 disease disease NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 171 19 because because IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 171 20 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 171 21 grandchildren grandchild NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 171 22 have have VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 171 23 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 171 24 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 172 1 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 172 2 same same JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 172 3 goes go VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 172 4 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 172 5 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 172 6 HIV HIV NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 172 7 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 172 8 virus virus NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 172 9 which which WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 172 10 humans human NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 172 11 caught catch VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 172 12 eating eat VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 172 13 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 172 14 brains brain NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 172 15 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 172 16 primates primate NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 172 17 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 172 18 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 172 19 primates primate NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 172 20 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 172 21 turn turn NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 172 22 got get VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 172 23 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 172 24 virus virus NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 172 25 eating eat VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 172 26 monkey monkey NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 172 27 brains brain NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 172 28 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 172 29 were be VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 172 30 infected infect VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 172 31 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 172 32 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 172 33 SIV SIV NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 172 34 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 172 35 virus virus NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 172 36 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 173 1 " " '' cord-016062-h4vjkufn 174 1 HIV HIV NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 174 2 itself -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 174 3 has have VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 174 4 been be VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 174 5 isolated isolate VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 174 6 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 174 7 common common JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 174 8 chimpanzees chimpanzee NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 174 9 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 174 10 which which WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 174 11 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 174 12 believed believe VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 174 13 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 174 14 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 174 15 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 174 16 original original JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 174 17 source source NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 174 18 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 174 19 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 174 20 AIDS AIDS NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 174 21 pandemic pandemic NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 174 22 after after IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 174 23 hunters hunter NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 174 24 killed kill VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 174 25 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 174 26 ate eat VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 174 27 them -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 174 28 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 175 1 Ironically ironically RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 175 2 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 175 3 [ [ -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 175 4 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 175 5 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 175 6 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 175 7 ] ] -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 176 1 chimpanzees chimpanzee NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 176 2 acquired acquire VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 176 3 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 176 4 SIV SIV NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 176 5 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 176 6 monkeys monkey NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 176 7 they -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 176 8 killed kill VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 176 9 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 176 10 eaten eat VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 176 11 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 176 12 " " '' cord-016062-h4vjkufn 177 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 177 2 Kahn Kahn NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 177 3 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 177 4 2004 2004 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 177 5 : : SYM cord-016062-h4vjkufn 177 6 58 58 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 177 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 177 8 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 178 1 Once once IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 178 2 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 178 3 HIV HIV NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 178 4 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 178 5 virus virus NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 178 6 developed develop VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 178 7 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 178 8 was be VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 178 9 passed pass VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 178 10 on on IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 178 11 interspecifically interspecifically RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 178 12 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 178 13 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 178 14 remains remain VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 178 15 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 178 16 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 178 17 population population NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 178 18 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 178 19 because because IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 178 20 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 178 21 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 178 22 passed pass VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 178 23 on on IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 178 24 intraspecifically intraspecifically NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 178 25 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 179 1 And and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 179 2 Ebola Ebola NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 179 3 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 179 4 instance instance NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 179 5 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 179 6 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 179 7 now now RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 179 8 killing kill VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 179 9 great great JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 179 10 apes ape NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 179 11 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 179 12 while while IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 179 13 humans human NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 179 14 eating eat VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 179 15 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 179 16 apes ape NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 179 17 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 179 18 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 179 19 again again RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 179 20 infect infect VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 179 21 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 179 22 human human JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 179 23 population population NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 179 24 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 179 25 Ebola Ebola NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 179 26 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 180 1 Neo Neo NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 180 2 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 180 3 Darwinians Darwinians NNPS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 180 4 do do VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 180 5 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 180 6 explain explain VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 180 7 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 180 8 phenomena phenomenon NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 180 9 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 180 10 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 180 11 because because IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 180 12 most most JJS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 180 13 viruses virus NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 180 14 do do VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 180 15 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 180 16 infect infect VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 180 17 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 180 18 sex sex NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 180 19 cells cell NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 180 20 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 180 21 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 180 22 mentioned mention VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 180 23 above above RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 180 24 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 180 25 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 180 26 researchers researcher NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 180 27 only only RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 180 28 understand understand VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 180 29 two two CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 180 30 processes process NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 180 31 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 180 32 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 180 33 relevant relevant JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 180 34 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 180 35 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 180 36 study study NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 180 37 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 180 38 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 180 39 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 180 40 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 180 41 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 180 42 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 180 43 get get VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 180 44 passed pass VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 180 45 on on IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 180 46 sexually sexually RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 180 47 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 180 48 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 180 49 how how WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 180 50 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 180 51 get get VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 180 52 passed pass VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 180 53 on on IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 180 54 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 180 55 mutated mutate VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 180 56 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 180 57 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 180 58 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 180 59 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 181 1 However however RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 181 2 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 181 3 ontogenetically ontogenetically RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 181 4 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 181 5 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 181 6 HIV HIV NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 181 7 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 181 8 virus virus NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 181 9 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 181 10 get get VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 181 11 passed pass VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 181 12 on on RP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 181 13 through through IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 181 14 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 181 15 blood blood NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 181 16 line line NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 181 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 181 18 when when WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 181 19 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 181 20 instance instance NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 181 21 cutting cut VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 181 22 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 181 23 navel navel NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 181 24 cord cord NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 181 25 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 181 26 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 181 27 drinking drink VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 181 28 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 181 29 mother mother NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 181 30 's 's POS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 181 31 milk milk NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 181 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 181 33 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 182 1 Immunological immunological JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 182 2 processes process NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 182 3 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 182 4 resistance resistance NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 182 5 against against IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 182 6 certain certain JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 182 7 viruses virus NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 182 8 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 182 9 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 182 10 instance instance NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 182 11 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 182 12 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 182 13 also also RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 182 14 passed pass VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 182 15 on on RP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 182 16 through through IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 182 17 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 182 18 mother mother NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 182 19 's 's POS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 182 20 milk milk NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 182 21 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 183 1 Infants infant NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 183 2 who who WP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 183 3 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 183 4 breast breast NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 183 5 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 183 6 fed fed NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 183 7 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 183 8 more more RBR cord-016062-h4vjkufn 183 9 immune immune JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 183 10 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 183 11 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 183 12 development development NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 183 13 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 183 14 certain certain JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 183 15 diseases disease NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 183 16 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 183 17 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 183 18 caught catch VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 183 19 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 183 20 viruses virus NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 183 21 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 183 22 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 183 23 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 184 1 This this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 184 2 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 184 3 because because IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 184 4 through through IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 184 5 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 184 6 mother mother NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 184 7 's 's POS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 184 8 milk milk NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 184 9 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 184 10 children child NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 184 11 receive receive VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 184 12 antibodies antibody NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 184 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 184 14 indeed indeed RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 184 15 again again RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 184 16 whole whole JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 184 17 cells cell NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 184 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 184 19 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 184 20 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 184 21 mother mother NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 184 22 already already RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 184 23 made make VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 184 24 when when WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 184 25 she -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 184 26 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 184 27 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 184 28 example example NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 184 29 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 184 30 caught catch VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 184 31 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 184 32 year year NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 184 33 's 's POS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 184 34 flu flu NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 184 35 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 185 1 So so RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 185 2 intraspecifically intraspecifically RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 185 3 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 185 4 there there EX cord-016062-h4vjkufn 185 5 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 185 6 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 185 7 lot lot NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 185 8 more more JJR cord-016062-h4vjkufn 185 9 going go VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 185 10 on on RP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 185 11 than than IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 185 12 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 185 13 mere mere JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 185 14 transmission transmission NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 185 15 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 185 16 genetic genetic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 185 17 material material NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 185 18 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 185 19 one one CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 185 20 generation generation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 185 21 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 185 22 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 185 23 next next JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 185 24 because because IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 185 25 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 185 26 sexual sexual JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 185 27 recombination recombination NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 185 28 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 186 1 Viruses virus NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 186 2 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 186 3 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 186 4 which which WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 186 5 contain contain VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 186 6 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 186 7 own own JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 186 8 genetic genetic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 186 9 material material NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 186 10 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 186 11 also also RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 186 12 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 186 13 passed pass VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 186 14 on on RP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 186 15 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 186 16 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 186 17 horizontal horizontal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 186 18 ontological ontological JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 186 19 fashion fashion NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 186 20 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 187 1 Neo Neo NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 187 2 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 187 3 Darwinian darwinian JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 187 4 theory theory NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 187 5 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 187 6 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 187 7 able able JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 187 8 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 187 9 account account VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 187 10 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 187 11 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 187 12 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 187 13 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 187 14 formalize formalize VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 187 15 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 187 16 sorts sort NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 187 17 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 187 18 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 187 19 because because IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 187 20 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 187 21 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 187 22 excessive excessive JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 187 23 focus focus NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 187 24 on on IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 187 25 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 187 26 sex sex NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 187 27 cells cell NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 187 28 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 187 29 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 187 30 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 187 31 genetic genetic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 187 32 variations variation NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 187 33 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 187 34 possible possible JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 187 35 mutations mutation NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 187 36 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 188 1 These these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 188 2 forms form NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 188 3 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 188 4 contamination contamination NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 188 5 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 188 6 said say VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 188 7 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 188 8 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 188 9 happen happen VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 188 10 at at IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 188 11 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 188 12 inter inter JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 188 13 - - JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 188 14 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 188 15 intraspecific intraspecific JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 188 16 level level NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 188 17 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 188 18 but but CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 188 19 horizontal horizontal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 188 20 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 188 21 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 188 22 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 188 23 means mean NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 188 24 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 188 25 cross cross NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 188 26 - - NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 188 27 fertilization fertilization NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 188 28 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 188 29 also also RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 188 30 happen happen VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 188 31 at at IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 188 32 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 188 33 level level NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 188 34 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 188 35 animals animal NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 188 36 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 189 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 189 2 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 189 3 course course RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 189 4 all all DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 189 5 know know VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 189 6 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 189 7 mule mule NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 189 8 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 189 9 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 189 10 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 189 11 result result NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 189 12 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 189 13 cross cross NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 189 14 - - JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 189 15 breeding breeding NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 189 16 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 189 17 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 189 18 donkey donkey NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 189 19 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 189 20 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 189 21 horse horse NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 189 22 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 190 1 However however RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 190 2 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 190 3 mule mule NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 190 4 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 190 5 infertile infertile JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 190 6 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 190 7 hence hence RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 190 8 Neo Neo NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 190 9 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 190 10 Darwinians Darwinians NNPS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 190 11 define define VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 190 12 species specie NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 190 13 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 190 14 those those DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 190 15 individuals individual NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 190 16 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 190 17 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 190 18 when when WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 190 19 mating mate VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 190 20 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 190 21 members member NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 190 22 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 190 23 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 190 24 opposite opposite JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 190 25 sex sex NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 190 26 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 190 27 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 190 28 produce produce VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 190 29 fertile fertile JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 190 30 offspring offspring NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 190 31 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 191 1 However however RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 191 2 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 191 3 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 191 4 Giant Giant NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 191 5 Panda Panda NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 191 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 191 7 O'Brien O'Brien NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 191 8 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 191 9 Menotti Menotti NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 191 10 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 191 11 Raymond Raymond NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 191 12 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 191 13 1999 1999 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 191 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 191 15 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 191 16 also also RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 191 17 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 191 18 result result NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 191 19 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 191 20 cross cross NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 191 21 - - JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 191 22 breeding breeding NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 191 23 between between IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 191 24 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 191 25 brown brown JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 191 26 bear bear NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 191 27 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 191 28 other other JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 191 29 bear bear NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 191 30 species specie NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 191 31 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 192 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 192 2 chromosomes chromosome NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 192 3 reveal reveal VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 192 4 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 192 5 crossings crossing NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 192 6 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 192 7 most most RBS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 192 8 importantly importantly RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 192 9 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 192 10 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 192 11 Giant Giant NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 192 12 Panda Panda NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 192 13 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 192 14 fertile fertile JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 192 15 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 193 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 193 2 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 193 3 threatened threaten VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 193 4 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 193 5 extinction extinction NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 193 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 193 7 because because IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 193 8 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 193 9 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 193 10 vanishing vanish VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 193 11 niche niche NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 193 12 but but CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 193 13 also also RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 193 14 perhaps perhaps RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 193 15 because because IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 193 16 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 193 17 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 193 18 genetic genetic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 193 19 load load NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 193 20 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 193 21 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 193 22 animal animal NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 193 23 carries carry VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 193 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 193 25 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 193 26 but but CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 193 27 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 193 28 Giant Giant NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 193 29 Panda Panda NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 193 30 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 193 31 nevertheless nevertheless RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 193 32 up up IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 193 33 until until IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 193 34 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 193 35 day day NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 193 36 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 193 37 fertile fertile JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 193 38 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 194 1 Neo Neo NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 194 2 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 194 3 Darwinian darwinian JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 194 4 theory theory NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 194 5 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 194 6 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 194 7 cope cope VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 194 8 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 194 9 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 194 10 different different JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 194 11 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 194 12 everyday everyday JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 194 13 phenomena phenomenon NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 194 14 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 195 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 195 2 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 195 3 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 195 4 horizontal horizontal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 195 5 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 195 6 concept concept NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 195 7 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 195 8 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 195 9 cope cope VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 195 10 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 195 11 absolutely absolutely RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 195 12 necessary necessary JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 195 13 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 196 1 That that DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 196 2 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 196 3 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 196 4 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 196 5 say say VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 196 6 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 196 7 Neo Neo NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 196 8 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 196 9 Darwinian darwinian JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 196 10 theory theory NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 196 11 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 196 12 wrong wrong JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 196 13 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 196 14 far far RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 196 15 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 196 16 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 196 17 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 196 18 all all PDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 196 19 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 196 20 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 196 21 being be VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 196 22 said say VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 196 23 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 196 24 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 196 25 there there EX cord-016062-h4vjkufn 196 26 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 196 27 different different JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 196 28 phenomena phenomenon NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 196 29 going go VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 196 30 on on RP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 196 31 within within IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 196 32 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 196 33 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 196 34 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 196 35 life life NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 196 36 which which WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 196 37 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 196 38 very very RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 196 39 optimistically optimistically RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 196 40 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 196 41 explained explain VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 196 42 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 196 43 within within IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 196 44 other other JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 196 45 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 196 46 theories theory NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 196 47 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 197 1 Within within IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 197 2 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 197 3 study study NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 197 4 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 197 5 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 197 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 197 7 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 197 8 origin origin NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 197 9 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 197 10 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 197 11 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 197 12 use use NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 197 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 197 14 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 197 15 both both DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 197 16 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 197 17 concepts concept NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 197 18 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 197 19 explicitly explicitly RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 197 20 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 197 21 implicitly implicitly RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 197 22 put put VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 197 23 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 197 24 use use NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 197 25 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 198 1 Most Most JJS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 198 2 especially especially RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 198 3 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 198 4 vertical vertical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 198 5 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 198 6 concept concept NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 198 7 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 198 8 used use VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 198 9 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 198 10 explicitly explicitly RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 198 11 within within IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 198 12 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 198 13 study study NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 198 14 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 198 15 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 198 16 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 198 17 while while IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 198 18 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 198 19 horizontal horizontal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 198 20 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 198 21 concept concept NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 198 22 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 198 23 used use VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 198 24 implicitly implicitly RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 198 25 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 199 1 A a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 199 2 vertical vertical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 199 3 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 199 4 concept concept NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 199 5 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 199 6 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 199 7 distinguished distinguish VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 199 8 within within IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 199 9 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 199 10 disciplines discipline NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 199 11 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 199 12 historical historical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 199 13 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 199 14 theoretical theoretical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 199 15 linguistics linguistics NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 199 16 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 199 17 structuralism structuralism NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 199 18 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 199 19 within within IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 199 20 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 199 21 Darwinization Darwinization NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 199 22 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 199 23 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 199 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 199 25 Croft Croft NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 199 26 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 199 27 2002 2002 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 199 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 199 29 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 199 30 today today NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 199 31 takes take VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 199 32 on on RP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 199 33 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 199 34 form form NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 199 35 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 199 36 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 199 37 ' ' `` cord-016062-h4vjkufn 199 38 languageas languageas NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 199 39 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 199 40 species species NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 199 41 metaphor metaphor NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 199 42 ' ' '' cord-016062-h4vjkufn 199 43 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 199 44 Mufwene Mufwene NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 199 45 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 199 46 2001 2001 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 199 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 199 48 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 200 1 Although although IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 200 2 historical historical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 200 3 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 200 4 theoretical theoretical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 200 5 linguistics linguistic NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 200 6 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 200 7 separate separate JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 200 8 disciplines discipline NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 200 9 today today NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 200 10 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 200 11 both both DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 200 12 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 200 13 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 200 14 understood understand VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 200 15 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 200 16 part part NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 200 17 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 200 18 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 200 19 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 200 20 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 200 21 result result NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 200 22 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 200 23 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 200 24 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 200 25 sociological sociological JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 200 26 systems system NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 200 27 theory theory NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 200 28 movement movement NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 200 29 described describe VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 200 30 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 200 31 Gontier Gontier NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 200 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 200 33 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 200 34 volume volume NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 200 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 200 36 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 200 37 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 200 38 they -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 200 39 adhere adhere VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 200 40 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 200 41 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 200 42 view view NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 200 43 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 200 44 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 200 45 needs need VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 200 46 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 200 47 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 200 48 studied study VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 200 49 synchronically synchronically RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 200 50 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 200 51 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 200 52 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 200 53 closed closed JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 200 54 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 200 55 self self NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 200 56 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 200 57 explaining explain VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 200 58 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 200 59 self self NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 200 60 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 200 61 encapsulating encapsulate VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 200 62 system system NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 200 63 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 201 1 Language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 201 2 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 201 3 understood understand VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 201 4 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 201 5 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 201 6 static static JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 201 7 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 201 8 unevolving unevolving NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 201 9 entity entity NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 201 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 201 11 Croft Croft NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 201 12 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 201 13 2002 2002 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 201 14 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 201 15 75 75 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 201 16 - - SYM cord-016062-h4vjkufn 201 17 78 78 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 201 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 201 19 which which WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 201 20 leads lead VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 201 21 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 201 22 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 201 23 entification entification NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 201 24 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 201 25 reification reification NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 201 26 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 201 27 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 201 28 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 202 1 This this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 202 2 essentialism essentialism NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 202 3 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 202 4 turn turn NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 202 5 implicitly implicitly RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 202 6 subscribes subscribe VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 202 7 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 202 8 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 202 9 idea idea NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 202 10 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 202 11 there there EX cord-016062-h4vjkufn 202 12 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 202 13 only only RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 202 14 one one CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 202 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 202 16 ideal ideal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 202 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 202 18 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 202 19 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 202 20 one one CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 203 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 203 2 grammatical grammatical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 203 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 203 4 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 203 5 structure structure NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 203 6 understood understand VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 203 7 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 203 8 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 203 9 Platonic platonic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 203 10 archetype archetype NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 203 11 which which WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 203 12 takes take VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 203 13 on on RP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 203 14 different different JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 203 15 manifestations manifestation NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 203 16 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 204 1 So so RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 204 2 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 204 3 idea idea NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 204 4 arises arise VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 204 5 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 204 6 there there EX cord-016062-h4vjkufn 204 7 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 204 8 only only RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 204 9 one one CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 204 10 ideal ideal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 204 11 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 204 12 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 204 13 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 204 14 diversifies diversify VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 204 15 into into IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 204 16 different different JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 204 17 languages language NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 204 18 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 205 1 Essentialist essentialist NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 205 2 thinking thinking NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 205 3 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 205 4 always always RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 205 5 about about IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 205 6 distinguishing distinguish VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 205 7 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 205 8 accidental accidental JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 205 9 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 205 10 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 205 11 essential essential NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 205 12 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 206 1 De De NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 206 2 Saussure Saussure NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 206 3 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 206 4 example example NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 206 5 developed develop VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 206 6 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 206 7 three three CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 206 8 laws law NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 206 9 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 207 1 These these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 207 2 state state NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 207 3 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 207 4 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 207 5 primary primary JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 207 6 concern concern NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 207 7 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 207 8 linguistics linguistics NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 207 9 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 207 10 about about IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 207 11 coming come VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 207 12 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 207 13 terms term NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 207 14 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 207 15 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 207 16 following following JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 207 17 three three CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 207 18 dichotomous dichotomous JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 207 19 relations relation NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 207 20 within within IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 207 21 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 207 22 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 207 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 207 24 a a LS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 207 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 208 1 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 208 2 relation relation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 208 3 between between IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 208 4 lexicon lexicon NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 208 5 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 208 6 grammar grammar NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 208 7 ; ; , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 208 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 208 9 b b NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 208 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 208 11 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 208 12 relation relation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 208 13 between between IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 208 14 form form NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 208 15 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 208 16 meaning meaning NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 208 17 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 208 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 208 19 c c NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 208 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 209 1 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 209 2 relation relation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 209 3 between between IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 209 4 langue langue NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 209 5 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 209 6 parole parole NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 209 7 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 210 1 These these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 210 2 dichotomous dichotomous JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 210 3 relations relation NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 210 4 indeed indeed RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 210 5 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 210 6 instruments instrument NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 210 7 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 210 8 distinguish distinguish VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 210 9 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 210 10 accidental accidental JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 210 11 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 210 12 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 210 13 essential essential JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 210 14 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 210 15 hence hence RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 210 16 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 210 17 used use VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 210 18 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 210 19 discover discover VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 210 20 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 210 21 core core NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 210 22 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 210 23 ' ' `` cord-016062-h4vjkufn 210 24 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 210 25 ' ' '' cord-016062-h4vjkufn 210 26 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 210 27 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 211 1 This this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 211 2 has have VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 211 3 four four CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 211 4 major major JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 211 5 consequences consequence NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 211 6 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 211 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 211 8 1 1 LS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 211 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 212 1 Although although IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 212 2 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 212 3 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 212 4 have have VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 212 5 different different JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 212 6 manifestations manifestation NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 212 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 212 8 there there EX cord-016062-h4vjkufn 212 9 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 212 10 different different JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 212 11 languages language NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 212 12 belonging belong VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 212 13 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 212 14 different different JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 212 15 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 212 16 families family NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 212 17 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 212 18 there there EX cord-016062-h4vjkufn 212 19 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 212 20 dialects dialect NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 212 21 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 212 22 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 212 23 even even RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 212 24 child child NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 212 25 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 212 26 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 212 27 different different JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 212 28 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 212 29 adult adult NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 212 30 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 212 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 212 32 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 212 33 all all PDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 212 34 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 212 35 languages language NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 212 36 belong belong VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 212 37 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 212 38 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 212 39 same same JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 212 40 ' ' `` cord-016062-h4vjkufn 212 41 universal universal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 212 42 ' ' '' cord-016062-h4vjkufn 212 43 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 212 44 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 212 45 because because IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 212 46 all all DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 212 47 share share VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 212 48 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 212 49 essential essential JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 212 50 properties property NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 212 51 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 213 1 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 213 2 goal goal NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 213 3 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 213 4 linguistics linguistics NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 213 5 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 213 6 according accord VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 213 7 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 213 8 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 213 9 theoretical theoretical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 213 10 linguists linguist NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 213 11 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 213 12 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 213 13 hence hence RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 213 14 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 213 15 distinguish distinguish VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 213 16 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 213 17 accidental accidental JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 213 18 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 213 19 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 213 20 essential essential JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 213 21 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 213 22 thus thus RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 213 23 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 213 24 answer answer VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 213 25 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 213 26 what what WP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 213 27 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 213 28 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 213 29 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 213 30 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 213 31 question question NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 213 32 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 213 33 thereby thereby RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 213 34 introducing introduce VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 213 35 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 213 36 functionalistic functionalistic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 213 37 approach approach NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 213 38 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 214 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 214 2 2 2 LS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 214 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 214 4 Since since IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 214 5 all all DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 214 6 languages language NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 214 7 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 214 8 different different JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 214 9 manifestations manifestation NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 214 10 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 214 11 one one CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 214 12 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 214 13 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 214 14 all all DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 214 15 languages language NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 214 16 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 214 17 uniform uniform JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 214 18 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 214 19 meaning mean VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 214 20 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 214 21 there there EX cord-016062-h4vjkufn 214 22 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 214 23 no no DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 214 24 directionality directionality NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 214 25 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 214 26 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 214 27 change change NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 214 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 214 29 Newmeyer Newmeyer NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 214 30 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 214 31 2003 2003 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 214 32 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 214 33 64 64 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 214 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 214 35 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 215 1 If if IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 215 2 there there EX cord-016062-h4vjkufn 215 3 were be VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 215 4 directionality directionality NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 215 5 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 215 6 language(s language(s NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 215 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 215 8 would would MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 215 9 evolve evolve VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 215 10 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 215 11 there there EX cord-016062-h4vjkufn 215 12 would would MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 215 13 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 215 14 ' ' `` cord-016062-h4vjkufn 215 15 lesser less JJR cord-016062-h4vjkufn 215 16 ' ' '' cord-016062-h4vjkufn 215 17 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 215 18 ' ' `` cord-016062-h4vjkufn 215 19 more more JJR cord-016062-h4vjkufn 215 20 ' ' NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 215 21 languages language NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 215 22 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 215 23 but but CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 215 24 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 215 25 essential essential JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 215 26 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 215 27 reified reify VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 215 28 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 215 29 ideal ideal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 215 30 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 215 31 universal universal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 215 32 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 215 33 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 215 34 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 215 35 once once RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 215 36 evolved evolve VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 215 37 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 215 38 evolutionless evolutionless NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 215 39 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 216 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 216 2 3 3 LS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 216 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 1 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 2 principle principle NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 3 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 4 uniformity uniformity NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 5 adhered adhere VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 6 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 7 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 8 theoretical theoretical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 9 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 10 historical historical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 11 linguists linguist NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 12 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 13 implicitly implicitly RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 14 implies imply VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 15 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 16 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 17 since since IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 18 all all DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 19 languages language NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 20 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 21 essentially essentially RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 22 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 23 same same JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 24 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 25 but but CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 26 different different JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 27 because because IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 28 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 29 contingent contingent JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 30 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 31 arbitrary arbitrary JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 32 elements element NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 33 such such JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 34 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 35 culture culture NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 36 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 37 so so RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 38 on on RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 39 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 40 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 41 essential essential JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 42 properties property NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 43 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 44 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 45 transcend transcend VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 46 everyday everyday JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 47 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 48 use use NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 49 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 50 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 51 indeed indeed RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 52 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 53 individual individual NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 54 itself -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 55 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 56 which which WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 57 again again RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 58 leads lead VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 59 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 60 an an DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 61 entification entification NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 62 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 63 reification reification NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 64 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 65 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 66 outside outside IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 67 an an DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 68 individual individual JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 69 organism organism NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 217 70 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 218 1 This this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 218 2 entified entifie VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 218 3 structure structure NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 218 4 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 218 5 which which WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 218 6 obeys obey VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 218 7 laws law NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 218 8 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 218 9 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 218 10 own own JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 218 11 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 218 12 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 218 13 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 218 14 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 218 15 part part NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 218 16 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 218 17 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 218 18 individual individual JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 218 19 members member NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 218 20 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 218 21 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 218 22 species specie NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 218 23 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 218 24 forms form VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 218 25 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 218 26 own own JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 218 27 structures structure NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 218 28 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 218 29 behaves behave VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 218 30 on on IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 218 31 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 218 32 own own JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 218 33 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 219 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 219 2 4 4 LS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 219 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 1 So so RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 2 when when WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 4 want want VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 5 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 6 understand understand VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 7 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 8 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 9 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 10 we -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 11 need need VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 12 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 13 study study VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 14 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 15 structure structure NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 16 on on IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 17 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 18 own own JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 19 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 20 using use VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 21 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 22 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 23 example example NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 24 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 25 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 26 internal internal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 27 reconstruction reconstruction NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 28 method method NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 29 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 30 search search VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 31 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 32 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 33 point point NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 34 where where WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 35 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 36 one one CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 37 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 38 started start VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 39 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 40 diversify diversify VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 41 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 42 have have VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 43 different different JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 44 manifestations manifestation NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 45 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 46 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 47 other other JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 48 words word NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 49 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 50 we -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 51 need need VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 52 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 53 search search VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 54 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 55 ' ' `` cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 56 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 57 ' ' `` cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 58 proto proto JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 59 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 60 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 61 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 62 because because IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 63 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 64 will will MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 65 show show VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 66 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 67 essential essential JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 68 properties property NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 69 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 70 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 220 71 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 221 1 This this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 221 2 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 221 3 no no DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 221 4 means means NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 221 5 implies imply VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 221 6 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 221 7 today today NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 221 8 historical historical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 221 9 linguists linguist NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 221 10 adhere adhere VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 221 11 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 221 12 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 221 13 idea idea NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 221 14 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 221 15 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 221 16 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 221 17 possible possible JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 221 18 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 221 19 reconstruct reconstruct VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 221 20 ' ' `` cord-016062-h4vjkufn 221 21 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 221 22 ' ' `` cord-016062-h4vjkufn 221 23 proto proto JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 221 24 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 221 25 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 221 26 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 221 27 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 221 28 they -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 221 29 believe believe VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 221 30 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 221 31 there there EX cord-016062-h4vjkufn 221 32 was be VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 221 33 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 221 34 proto proto JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 221 35 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 221 36 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 221 37 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 221 38 where where WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 221 39 all all DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 221 40 languages language NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 221 41 developed develop VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 221 42 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 222 1 Newmeyer Newmeyer NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 222 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 222 3 2003 2003 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 222 4 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 222 5 63 63 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 222 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 222 7 gives give VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 222 8 credible credible JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 222 9 evidence evidence NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 222 10 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 222 11 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 222 12 fact fact NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 222 13 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 222 14 we -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 222 15 do do VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 222 16 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 222 17 know know VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 222 18 whether whether IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 222 19 there there EX cord-016062-h4vjkufn 222 20 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 222 21 one one CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 222 22 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 222 23 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 222 24 where where WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 222 25 all all DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 222 26 languages language NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 222 27 developed develop VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 222 28 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 222 29 but but CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 222 30 then then RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 222 31 again again RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 222 32 we -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 222 33 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 222 34 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 222 35 prove prove VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 222 36 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 222 37 two two CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 222 38 languages language NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 222 39 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 222 40 unrelated unrelated JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 222 41 either either RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 222 42 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 223 1 And and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 223 2 neither neither DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 223 3 does do VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 223 4 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 223 5 imply imply VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 223 6 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 223 7 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 223 8 historical historical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 223 9 linguists linguist NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 223 10 themselves -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 223 11 believe believe VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 223 12 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 223 13 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 223 14 internal internal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 223 15 reconstruction reconstruction NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 223 16 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 223 17 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 223 18 use use NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 223 19 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 223 20 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 223 21 comparative comparative JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 223 22 method method NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 223 23 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 223 24 shed shed VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 223 25 light light NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 223 26 on on IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 223 27 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 223 28 origin origin NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 223 29 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 223 30 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 223 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 223 32 Newmeyer Newmeyer NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 223 33 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 223 34 2003 2003 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 223 35 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 223 36 71 71 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 223 37 - - SYM cord-016062-h4vjkufn 223 38 72 72 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 223 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 223 40 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 2 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 3 answering answer VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 4 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 5 questions question NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 6 whether whether IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 7 all all DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 8 languages language NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 9 share share VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 10 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 11 common common JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 12 descent descent NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 13 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 14 whether whether IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 15 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 16 gives give VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 17 clues clue NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 18 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 19 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 20 how how WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 21 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 22 evolved evolve VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 23 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 24 used use VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 25 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 26 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 27 one one CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 28 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 29 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 30 goals goal NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 31 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 32 historical historical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 33 linguistics linguistics NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 34 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 35 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 36 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 37 goals goal NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 38 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 39 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 40 ones one NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 41 under under IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 42 review review NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 43 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 44 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 45 article article NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 46 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 47 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 48 biologists biologist NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 49 have have VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 50 interpreted interpret VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 51 them -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 52 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 53 different different JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 54 ways way NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 55 which which WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 56 has have VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 57 given give VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 58 rise rise NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 59 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 60 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 61 general general JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 62 academic academic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 63 climate climate NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 64 which which WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 65 will will MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 66 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 67 discussed discuss VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 68 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 69 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 70 next next JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 71 section section NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 72 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 73 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 74 paper paper NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 75 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 76 under under IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 77 Sections section NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 78 3.1.3 3.1.3 NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 79 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 80 3.2 3.2 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 81 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 224 82 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 225 1 Structuralism Structuralism NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 225 2 evolved evolve VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 225 3 out out IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 225 4 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 225 5 historical historical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 225 6 linguistics linguistic NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 225 7 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 225 8 here here RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 225 9 Chomsky Chomsky NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 225 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 225 11 1965 1965 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 225 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 225 13 makes make VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 225 14 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 225 15 entrée entrée NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 225 16 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 226 1 Chomsky Chomsky NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 226 2 's 's POS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 226 3 main main JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 226 4 goal goal NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 226 5 was be VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 226 6 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 226 7 criticize criticize VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 226 8 behaviourism behaviourism NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 226 9 which which WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 226 10 stated state VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 226 11 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 226 12 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 226 13 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 226 14 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 226 15 understood understand VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 226 16 without without IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 226 17 entering enter VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 226 18 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 226 19 black black JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 226 20 box box NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 226 21 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 226 22 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 226 23 brain brain NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 226 24 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 226 25 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 227 1 Chomsky Chomsky NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 227 2 never never RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 227 3 denied deny VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 227 4 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 227 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 227 6 need need VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 227 7 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 227 8 understand understand VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 227 9 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 227 10 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 227 11 within within IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 227 12 biology biology NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 227 13 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 227 14 cognition cognition NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 227 15 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 227 16 on on IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 227 17 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 227 18 contrary contrary NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 227 19 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 227 20 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 227 21 was be VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 227 22 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 227 23 main main JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 227 24 goal goal NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 227 25 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 228 1 However however RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 228 2 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 228 3 he -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 228 4 denied deny VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 228 5 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 228 6 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 228 7 needs need VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 228 8 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 228 9 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 228 10 studied study VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 228 11 diachronically diachronically RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 228 12 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 228 13 that that RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 228 14 is is RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 228 15 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 228 16 amongst amongst IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 228 17 other other JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 228 18 disciplines discipline NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 228 19 making make VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 228 20 use use NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 228 21 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 228 22 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 228 23 biology biology NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 228 24 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 229 1 Because because IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 229 2 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 229 3 was be VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 229 4 uniquely uniquely RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 229 5 human human JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 229 6 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 229 7 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 229 8 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 229 9 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 229 10 non non JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 229 11 - - JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 229 12 linguistic linguistic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 229 13 species specie NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 229 14 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 229 15 itself -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 229 16 could could MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 229 17 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 229 18 help help VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 229 19 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 229 20 study study NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 229 21 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 229 22 human human JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 229 23 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 229 24 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 230 1 Basically basically RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 230 2 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 230 3 developing develop VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 230 4 de de IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 230 5 Saussure Saussure NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 230 6 's 's POS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 230 7 ideas idea NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 230 8 further far RBR cord-016062-h4vjkufn 230 9 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 230 10 Chomsky Chomsky NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 230 11 distinguished distinguish VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 230 12 between between IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 230 13 competence competence NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 230 14 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 230 15 performance performance NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 230 16 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 230 17 arguing argue VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 230 18 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 230 19 only only RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 230 20 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 230 21 competence competence NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 230 22 part part NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 230 23 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 230 24 relevant relevant JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 230 25 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 230 26 linguistics linguistics NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 230 27 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 231 1 This this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 231 2 linguistic linguistic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 231 3 competence competence NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 231 4 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 231 5 individuals individual NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 231 6 was be VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 231 7 believed believe VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 231 8 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 231 9 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 231 10 universal universal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 231 11 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 231 12 all all DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 231 13 human human JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 231 14 beings being NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 231 15 have have VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 231 16 access access NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 231 17 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 231 18 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 231 19 universal universal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 231 20 grammar grammar NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 231 21 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 231 22 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 231 23 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 231 24 organ organ NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 231 25 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 231 26 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 231 27 brain brain NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 231 28 called call VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 231 29 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 231 30 Language Language NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 231 31 Acquisition Acquisition NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 231 32 Device Device NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 231 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 231 34 LAD LAD NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 231 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 231 36 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 232 1 Because because IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 232 2 performance performance NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 232 3 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 232 4 vary vary VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 232 5 greatly greatly RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 232 6 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 232 7 competence competence NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 232 8 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 232 9 what what WP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 232 10 needs need VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 232 11 attention attention NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 232 12 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 233 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 233 2 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 233 3 he -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 233 4 stated state VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 233 5 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 233 6 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 233 7 " " `` cord-016062-h4vjkufn 233 8 Linguistic linguistic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 233 9 theory theory NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 233 10 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 233 11 concerned concern VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 233 12 primarily primarily RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 233 13 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 233 14 an an DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 233 15 ideal ideal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 233 16 speaker speaker NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 233 17 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 233 18 listener listener NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 233 19 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 233 20 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 233 21 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 233 22 completely completely RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 233 23 homogenous homogenous JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 233 24 speech speech NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 233 25 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 233 26 community community NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 233 27 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 233 28 who who WP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 233 29 knows know VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 233 30 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 233 31 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 233 32 perfectly perfectly RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 233 33 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 233 34 " " '' cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 2 Chomsky Chomsky NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 3 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 4 Croft Croft NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 5 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 6 2002 2002 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 7 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 8 76 76 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 10 And and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 11 hence hence RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 12 here here RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 13 too too RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 14 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 15 primary primary JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 16 concern concern NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 17 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 18 linguists linguist NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 19 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 20 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 21 distinguish distinguish VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 22 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 23 accidental accidental JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 24 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 25 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 26 essential essential JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 27 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 28 that that RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 29 is is RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 30 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 31 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 32 search search VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 33 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 34 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 35 proper proper JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 36 functions function NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 37 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 38 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 39 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 40 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 41 answer answer VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 42 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 43 what what WP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 44 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 45 question question NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 46 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 47 " " `` cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 48 Hence hence RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 49 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 50 logically logically RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 51 prior prior JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 52 task task NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 53 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 54 elucidating elucidate VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 55 precisely precisely RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 56 what what WP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 57 evolved evolve VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 58 has have VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 59 taken take VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 60 research research NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 61 priority priority NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 62 over over IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 63 elucidating elucidate VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 64 how how WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 65 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 66 evolved evolve VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 67 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 234 68 " " '' cord-016062-h4vjkufn 235 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 235 2 Newmeyer Newmeyer NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 235 3 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 235 4 2003 2003 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 235 5 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 235 6 60 60 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 235 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 235 8 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 236 1 Essentialistic essentialistic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 236 2 thinking thinking NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 236 3 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 236 4 always always RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 236 5 associated associate VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 236 6 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 236 7 asking ask VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 236 8 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 236 9 ' ' `` cord-016062-h4vjkufn 236 10 what what WP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 236 11 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 236 12 question question NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 236 13 ' ' '' cord-016062-h4vjkufn 236 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 236 15 Gontier Gontier NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 236 16 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 236 17 2004 2004 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 236 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 236 19 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 237 1 In in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 237 2 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 237 3 very very RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 237 4 real real JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 237 5 sense sense NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 237 6 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 237 7 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 237 8 was be VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 237 9 Chomsky Chomsky NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 237 10 who who WP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 237 11 brought bring VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 237 12 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 237 13 ' ' `` cord-016062-h4vjkufn 237 14 whatquestion whatquestion NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 237 15 ' ' '' cord-016062-h4vjkufn 237 16 into into IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 237 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 237 18 biological biological JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 237 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 237 20 linguistics linguistics NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 237 21 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 238 1 According accord VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 238 2 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 238 3 Plato Plato NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 238 4 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 238 5 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 238 6 archetypes archetype NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 238 7 which which WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 238 8 he -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 238 9 talked talk VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 238 10 about about IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 238 11 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 238 12 were be VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 238 13 part part NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 238 14 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 238 15 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 238 16 transcendental transcendental JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 238 17 reality reality NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 238 18 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 239 1 One one CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 239 2 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 239 3 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 239 4 students student NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 239 5 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 239 6 Aristotle Aristotle NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 239 7 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 239 8 internalized internalize VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 239 9 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 239 10 archetypes archetype NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 239 11 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 239 12 human human JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 239 13 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 239 14 other other JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 239 15 beings being NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 239 16 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 239 17 elements element NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 239 18 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 239 19 saying say VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 239 20 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 239 21 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 239 22 ' ' `` cord-016062-h4vjkufn 239 23 ideal ideal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 239 24 form form NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 239 25 ' ' '' cord-016062-h4vjkufn 239 26 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 239 27 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 239 28 Platonic platonic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 239 29 archetype archetype NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 239 30 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 239 31 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 239 32 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 239 33 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 239 34 part part NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 239 35 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 239 36 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 239 37 transcendental transcendental JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 239 38 reality reality NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 239 39 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 239 40 but but CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 239 41 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 239 42 potentially potentially RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 239 43 part part NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 239 44 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 239 45 things thing NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 239 46 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 240 1 This this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 240 2 potential potential NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 240 3 needs need VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 240 4 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 240 5 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 240 6 actualized actualize VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 240 7 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 240 8 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 240 9 process process NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 240 10 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 240 11 becoming become VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 240 12 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 241 1 In in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 241 2 exactly exactly RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 241 3 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 241 4 way way NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 241 5 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 241 6 did do VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 241 7 Chomsky Chomsky NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 241 8 internalize internalize VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 241 9 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 241 10 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 241 11 saying say VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 241 12 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 241 13 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 241 14 ideal ideal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 241 15 form form NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 241 16 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 241 17 part part NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 241 18 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 241 19 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 241 20 brain brain NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 241 21 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 241 22 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 241 23 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 241 24 potential potential JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 241 25 only only RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 241 26 needs need VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 241 27 actualization actualization NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 241 28 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 242 1 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 242 2 point point NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 242 3 however however RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 242 4 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 242 5 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 242 6 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 242 7 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 242 8 actualization actualization NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 242 9 process process NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 242 10 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 242 11 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 242 12 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 242 13 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 242 14 kind kind NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 242 15 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 242 16 evolutuion evolutuion NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 242 17 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 242 18 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 242 19 needs need VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 242 20 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 242 21 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 242 22 understood understand VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 242 23 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 242 24 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 242 25 process process NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 242 26 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 242 27 actualizing actualize VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 242 28 what what WP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 242 29 was be VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 242 30 already already RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 242 31 inherently inherently RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 242 32 there there RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 242 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 242 34 understood understand VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 242 35 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 242 36 an an DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 242 37 unfolding unfolding NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 242 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 242 39 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 243 1 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 243 2 result result NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 243 3 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 243 4 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 243 5 thinking thinking NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 243 6 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 243 7 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 243 8 course course NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 243 9 that that DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 243 10 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 243 11 again again RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 243 12 gets get VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 243 13 reified reify VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 243 14 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 243 15 entified entifie VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 243 16 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 243 17 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 243 18 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 243 19 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 243 20 idealized idealized JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 243 21 form form NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 243 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 243 23 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 243 24 universal universal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 243 25 grammar grammar NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 243 26 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 243 27 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 243 28 LAD)-once lad)-once NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 243 29 evolved evolve VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 243 30 - - : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 243 31 does do VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 243 32 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 243 33 evolve evolve VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 243 34 anymore anymore RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 243 35 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 243 36 hence hence RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 243 37 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 243 38 essentially essentially RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 243 39 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 243 40 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 243 41 less less JJR cord-016062-h4vjkufn 243 42 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 244 1 Different different JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 244 2 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 244 3 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 244 4 predecessors predecessor NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 244 5 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 244 6 Chomsky Chomsky NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 244 7 states state VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 244 8 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 244 9 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 244 10 ideal ideal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 244 11 entified entifie VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 244 12 structure structure NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 244 13 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 244 14 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 244 15 somewhere somewhere RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 244 16 out out RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 244 17 there there RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 244 18 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 244 19 rather rather RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 244 20 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 244 21 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 244 22 part part NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 244 23 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 244 24 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 244 25 individual individual NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 244 26 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 244 27 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 244 28 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 244 29 forms form VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 244 30 an an DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 244 31 organ organ NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 244 32 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 244 33 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 244 34 brain brain NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 244 35 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 245 1 Universal universal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 245 2 grammar grammar NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 245 3 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 245 4 supposed suppose VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 245 5 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 245 6 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 245 7 part part NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 245 8 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 245 9 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 245 10 brain brain NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 245 11 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 245 12 where where WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 245 13 presumably presumably RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 245 14 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 245 15 module module NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 245 16 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 245 17 formed form VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 245 18 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 245 19 where where WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 245 20 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 245 21 universal universal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 245 22 grammatical grammatical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 245 23 structures structure NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 245 24 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 245 25 somehow somehow RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 245 26 stored store VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 245 27 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 245 28 hot hot RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 245 29 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 245 30 wired wired JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 245 31 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 245 32 without without IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 245 33 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 245 34 being be VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 245 35 able able JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 245 36 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 245 37 undergo undergo VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 245 38 change change NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 245 39 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 246 1 Since since IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 246 2 natural natural JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 246 3 selection selection NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 246 4 does do VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 246 5 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 246 6 work work VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 246 7 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 246 8 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 246 9 manner manner NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 246 10 where where WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 246 11 something something NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 246 12 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 246 13 complex complex NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 246 14 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 246 15 evolve evolve VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 246 16 all all RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 246 17 at at RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 246 18 once once RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 246 19 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 246 20 without without IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 246 21 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 246 22 intermediates intermediate NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 246 23 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 246 24 Chomsky Chomsky NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 246 25 denied deny VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 246 26 any any DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 246 27 role role NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 246 28 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 246 29 natural natural JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 246 30 selection selection NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 246 31 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 246 32 assumed assume VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 246 33 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 246 34 qualitative qualitative JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 246 35 emergent emergent JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 246 36 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 246 37 step step NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 246 38 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 246 39 leading lead VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 246 40 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 246 41 at at IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 246 42 one one CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 246 43 leap leap NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 246 44 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 246 45 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 246 46 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 246 47 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 246 48 faculty faculty NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 246 49 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 247 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 247 2 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 247 3 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 247 4 however however RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 247 5 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 247 6 one one CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 247 7 thing thing NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 247 8 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 247 9 assume assume VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 247 10 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 247 11 we -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 247 12 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 247 13 deduce deduce VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 247 14 ideal ideal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 247 15 grammatical grammatical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 247 16 structures structure NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 247 17 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 247 18 rules rule NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 247 19 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 247 20 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 247 21 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 247 22 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 247 23 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 247 24 quite quite PDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 247 25 another another DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 247 26 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 247 27 adhere adhere VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 247 28 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 247 29 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 247 30 view view NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 247 31 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 247 32 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 247 33 structures structure NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 247 34 actually actually RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 247 35 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 247 36 somehow somehow RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 247 37 part part NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 247 38 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 247 39 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 247 40 brain brain NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 247 41 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 248 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 248 2 have have VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 248 3 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 248 4 yet yet RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 248 5 been be VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 248 6 able able JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 248 7 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 248 8 localize localize VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 248 9 one one CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 248 10 grammatical grammatical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 248 11 rule rule NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 248 12 within within IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 248 13 that that DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 248 14 big big JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 248 15 brain brain NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 248 16 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 248 17 ours -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 248 18 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 249 1 As as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 249 2 we -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 249 3 have have VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 249 4 seen see VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 249 5 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 249 6 historical historical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 249 7 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 249 8 theoretical theoretical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 249 9 linguists linguist NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 249 10 entified entifie VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 249 11 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 249 12 reified reify VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 249 13 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 249 14 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 250 1 Problem problem NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 250 2 then then RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 250 3 was be VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 250 4 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 250 5 locate locate VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 250 6 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 250 7 reified reify VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 250 8 structure structure NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 250 9 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 251 1 Contrary contrary JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 251 2 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 251 3 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 251 4 predecessors predecessor NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 251 5 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 251 6 Chomsky Chomsky NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 251 7 localized localize VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 251 8 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 251 9 entified entified JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 251 10 structure structure NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 251 11 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 251 12 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 251 13 human human JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 251 14 brain brain NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 251 15 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 251 16 calling call VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 251 17 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 251 18 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 251 19 LAD lad NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 251 20 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 251 21 took take VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 251 22 on on RP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 251 23 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 251 24 form form NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 251 25 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 251 26 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 251 27 module module NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 251 28 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 252 1 Basically basically RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 252 2 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 252 3 Chomsky Chomsky NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 252 4 hence hence RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 252 5 internalized internalize VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 252 6 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 252 7 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 252 8 combined combine VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 252 9 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 252 10 view view NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 252 11 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 252 12 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 252 13 principle principle NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 252 14 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 252 15 uniformity uniformity NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 252 16 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 252 17 after after RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 252 18 all all RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 252 19 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 252 20 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 252 21 Universal Universal NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 252 22 Grammar Grammar NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 252 23 present present JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 252 24 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 252 25 all all DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 252 26 humans human NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 252 27 which which WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 252 28 forms form VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 252 29 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 252 30 basis basis NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 252 31 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 252 32 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 252 33 competence competence NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 252 34 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 252 35 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 252 36 humans human NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 252 37 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 252 38 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 252 39 biologically biologically RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 252 40 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 252 41 same same JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 252 42 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 253 1 This this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 253 2 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 253 3 turn turn NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 253 4 again again RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 253 5 implies imply VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 253 6 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 253 7 all all DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 253 8 languages language NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 253 9 share share VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 253 10 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 253 11 ' ' `` cord-016062-h4vjkufn 253 12 common common JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 253 13 descent descent NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 253 14 ' ' '' cord-016062-h4vjkufn 253 15 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 253 16 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 253 17 all all DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 253 18 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 253 19 performances performance NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 253 20 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 253 21 manifestations manifestation NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 253 22 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 253 23 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 253 24 ideal ideal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 253 25 internal internal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 253 26 structure structure NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 253 27 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 254 1 When when WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 254 2 battling battle VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 254 3 against against IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 254 4 behaviourism behaviourism NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 254 5 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 254 6 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 254 7 next next JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 254 8 logical logical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 254 9 step step NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 254 10 was be VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 254 11 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 254 12 replace replace VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 254 13 instructionist instructionist NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 254 14 models model NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 254 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 254 16 that that DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 254 17 evolved evolve VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 254 18 out out IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 254 19 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 254 20 behaviourism behaviourism NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 254 21 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 254 22 stressed stress VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 254 23 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 254 24 relation relation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 254 25 between between IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 254 26 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 254 27 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 254 28 structure structure NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 254 29 out out RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 254 30 there there RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 254 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 254 32 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 254 33 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 254 34 community community NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 254 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 254 36 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 254 37 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 254 38 learning learning NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 254 39 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 254 40 that that DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 254 41 structure structure NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 254 42 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 254 43 individuals individual NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 254 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 254 45 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 254 46 selectionist selectionist JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 254 47 models model NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 254 48 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 254 49 where where WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 254 50 natural natural JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 254 51 selection selection NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 254 52 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 254 53 internalized internalize VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 254 54 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 254 55 Gontier Gontier NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 254 56 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 254 57 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 254 58 volume volume NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 254 59 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 254 60 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 254 61 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 1 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 2 first first JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 3 problem problem NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 4 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 5 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 6 tackled tackle VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 7 when when WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 8 interested interested JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 9 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 10 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 11 biological biological JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 12 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 13 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 14 study study NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 15 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 16 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 17 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 18 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 19 search search VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 20 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 21 evidence evidence NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 22 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 23 common common JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 24 descent descent NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 26 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 27 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 28 true true JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 29 sense sense NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 30 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 31 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 32 words word NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 34 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 35 that that RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 36 is is RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 37 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 38 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 39 search search VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 40 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 41 commonalities commonality NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 42 between between IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 43 different different JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 44 languages language NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 45 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 46 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 47 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 48 investigate investigate VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 49 whether whether IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 50 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 51 commonalities commonality NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 52 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 53 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 54 result result NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 55 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 56 random random JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 57 events event NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 58 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 59 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 60 whether whether IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 61 they -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 62 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 63 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 64 explained explain VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 65 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 66 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 67 homologue homologue NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 68 fashion fashion NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 69 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 255 70 " " '' cord-016062-h4vjkufn 256 1 A a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 256 2 biologist biologist NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 256 3 interested interested JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 256 4 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 256 5 exploring explore VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 256 6 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 256 7 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 256 8 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 256 9 some some DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 256 10 structural structural JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 256 11 property property NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 256 12 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 256 13 some some DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 256 14 species specie NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 256 15 will will MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 256 16 first first RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 256 17 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 256 18 all all DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 256 19 avail avail VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 256 20 himself -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 256 21 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 256 22 herself -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 256 23 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 256 24 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 256 25 comparative comparative JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 256 26 method method NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 256 27 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 256 28 which which WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 256 29 involves involve VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 256 30 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 256 31 identification identification NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 256 32 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 256 33 homologues homologue NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 256 34 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 256 35 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 256 36 relevant relevant JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 256 37 property property NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 256 38 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 256 39 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 256 40 same same JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 256 41 species specie NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 256 42 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 256 43 " " '' cord-016062-h4vjkufn 257 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 257 2 Newmeyer Newmeyer NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 257 3 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 257 4 2003 2003 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 257 5 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 257 6 61 61 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 257 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 257 8 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 258 1 What what WP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 258 2 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 258 3 common common JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 258 4 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 258 5 all all DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 258 6 languages language NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 258 7 was be VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 258 8 already already RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 258 9 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 258 10 problem problem NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 258 11 posed pose VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 258 12 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 258 13 essentialist essentialist JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 258 14 theoretical theoretical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 258 15 linguists linguist NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 258 16 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 259 1 while while IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 259 2 what what WP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 259 3 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 259 4 homologous homologous JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 259 5 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 259 6 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 259 7 question question NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 259 8 studied study VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 259 9 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 259 10 historical historical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 259 11 linguists linguist NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 259 12 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 260 1 Although although IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 260 2 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 260 3 above above RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 260 4 mentioned mention VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 260 5 scientists scientist NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 260 6 never never RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 260 7 intended intend VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 260 8 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 260 9 use use VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 260 10 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 260 11 theories theory NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 260 12 when when WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 260 13 tackling tackle VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 260 14 questions question NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 260 15 about about IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 260 16 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 260 17 origins origin NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 260 18 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 260 19 they -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 260 20 nevertheless nevertheless RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 260 21 were be VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 260 22 interpreted interpret VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 260 23 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 260 24 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 260 25 way way NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 260 26 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 260 27 different different JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 260 28 biologists biologist NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 260 29 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 261 1 Pinker Pinker NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 261 2 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 261 3 Bloom Bloom NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 261 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 261 5 1990 1990 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 261 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 261 7 developed develop VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 261 8 Chomsky Chomsky NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 261 9 's 's POS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 261 10 ideas idea NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 261 11 further further RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 261 12 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 261 13 thereby thereby RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 261 14 emphasizing emphasize VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 261 15 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 261 16 need need NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 261 17 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 261 18 diachronic diachronic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 261 19 study study NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 261 20 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 261 21 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 261 22 as as RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 261 23 well well RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 261 24 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 262 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 262 2 main main JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 262 3 objective objective NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 262 4 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 262 5 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 262 6 synthesize synthesize VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 262 7 Neo Neo NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 262 8 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 262 9 Darwinian darwinian JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 262 10 theory theory NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 262 11 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 262 12 modularity modularity NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 262 13 theory theory NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 262 14 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 262 15 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 262 16 theory theory NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 262 17 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 262 18 generative generative JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 262 19 grammar grammar NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 262 20 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 263 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 263 2 idea idea NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 263 3 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 263 4 " " `` cord-016062-h4vjkufn 263 5 No no DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 263 6 single single JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 263 7 mutation mutation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 263 8 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 263 9 recombination recombination NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 263 10 could could MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 263 11 have have VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 263 12 led lead VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 263 13 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 263 14 an an DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 263 15 entire entire JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 263 16 universal universal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 263 17 grammar grammar NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 263 18 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 263 19 but but CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 263 20 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 263 21 could could MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 263 22 have have VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 263 23 led lead VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 263 24 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 263 25 parent parent NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 263 26 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 263 27 an an DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 263 28 n n NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 263 29 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 263 30 rule rule NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 263 31 grammar grammar NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 263 32 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 263 33 have have VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 263 34 an an DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 263 35 offspring offspring NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 263 36 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 263 37 an an DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 263 38 n+1 n+1 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 263 39 rule rule NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 263 40 grammar grammar NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 263 41 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 263 42 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 263 43 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 263 44 parent parent NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 263 45 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 263 46 an an DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 263 47 m m NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 263 48 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 263 49 symbol symbol NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 263 50 rule rule NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 263 51 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 263 52 have have VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 263 53 an an DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 263 54 offspring offspring NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 263 55 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 263 56 an an DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 263 57 m+1 m+1 JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 263 58 symbol symbol NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 263 59 rule rule NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 263 60 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 263 61 " " '' cord-016062-h4vjkufn 264 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 264 2 Pinker Pinker NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 264 3 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 264 4 Bloom Bloom NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 264 5 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 264 6 1990 1990 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 264 7 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 264 8 753 753 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 264 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 265 1 This this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 265 2 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 265 3 course course NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 265 4 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 265 5 obviously obviously RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 265 6 problematic problematic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 265 7 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 265 8 EE EE NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 265 9 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 265 10 being be VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 265 11 applied apply VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 265 12 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 265 13 fictitious fictitious JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 265 14 models model NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 265 15 developed develop VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 265 16 within within IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 265 17 historical historical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 265 18 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 265 19 theoretical theoretical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 265 20 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 265 21 structural structural JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 265 22 linguistics linguistics NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 265 23 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 266 1 First first RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 266 2 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 266 3 all all DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 266 4 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 266 5 there there EX cord-016062-h4vjkufn 266 6 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 266 7 still still RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 266 8 no no DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 266 9 evidence evidence NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 266 10 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 266 11 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 266 12 existence existence NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 266 13 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 266 14 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 266 15 universal universal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 266 16 grammar grammar NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 266 17 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 266 18 statically statically RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 266 19 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 266 20 part part NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 266 21 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 266 22 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 266 23 brain brain NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 266 24 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 267 1 This this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 267 2 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 267 3 still still RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 267 4 only only RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 267 5 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 267 6 hypothesis hypothesis NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 267 7 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 267 8 we -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 267 9 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 267 10 neither neither CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 267 11 pinpoint pinpoint VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 267 12 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 267 13 module module NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 267 14 nor nor CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 267 15 some some DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 267 16 part part NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 267 17 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 267 18 neuron neuron NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 267 19 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 267 20 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 267 21 brain brain NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 267 22 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 267 23 contains contain VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 267 24 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 267 25 grammatical grammatical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 267 26 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 267 27 all all DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 267 28 universal universal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 267 29 grammatical grammatical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 267 30 rules rule NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 267 31 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 268 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 268 2 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 268 3 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 268 4 course course NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 268 5 useful useful JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 268 6 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 268 7 develop develop VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 268 8 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 268 9 idea idea NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 268 10 further further RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 268 11 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 268 12 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 268 13 look look VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 268 14 into into IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 268 15 possible possible JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 268 16 evidence evidence NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 268 17 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 268 18 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 268 19 theory theory NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 268 20 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 268 21 but but CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 268 22 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 268 23 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 268 24 another another DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 268 25 thing thing NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 268 26 altogether altogether RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 268 27 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 268 28 speculate speculate VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 268 29 upon upon IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 268 30 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 268 31 speculation speculation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 268 32 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 268 33 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 268 34 assume assume VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 268 35 upon upon IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 268 36 an an DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 268 37 assumption assumption NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 268 38 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 269 1 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 269 2 position position NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 269 3 taken take VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 269 4 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 269 5 Pinker Pinker NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 269 6 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 269 7 Bloom Bloom NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 269 8 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 269 9 an an DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 269 10 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 269 11 epistemological epistemological JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 269 12 one one NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 269 13 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 269 14 given give VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 269 15 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 269 16 organisms organism NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 269 17 evolved evolve VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 269 18 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 269 19 natural natural JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 269 20 selection selection NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 269 21 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 269 22 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 269 23 given give VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 269 24 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 269 25 certain certain JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 269 26 organisms organism NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 269 27 evolved evolve VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 269 28 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 269 29 which which WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 269 30 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 269 31 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 269 32 result result NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 269 33 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 269 34 brain brain NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 269 35 activity activity NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 269 36 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 269 37 other other JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 269 38 elements element NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 269 39 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 269 40 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 269 41 itself -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 269 42 probably probably RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 269 43 evolved evolve VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 269 44 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 269 45 natural natural JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 269 46 selection selection NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 269 47 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 269 48 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 269 49 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 269 50 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 269 51 understood understand VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 269 52 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 269 53 an an DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 269 54 algorithmic algorithmic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 269 55 process process NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 269 56 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 270 1 No no DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 270 2 problem problem NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 270 3 up up RP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 270 4 until until IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 270 5 now now RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 270 6 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 270 7 what what WP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 270 8 they -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 270 9 take take VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 270 10 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 270 11 granted grant VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 270 12 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 270 13 however however RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 270 14 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 270 15 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 270 16 that that DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 270 17 natural natural JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 270 18 selection selection NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 270 19 evolved evolve VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 270 20 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 270 21 grammar grammar NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 270 22 module module NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 270 23 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 270 24 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 270 25 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 270 26 evolved evolve VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 270 27 other other JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 270 28 modules module NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 270 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 270 30 Cosmides Cosmides NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 270 31 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 270 32 Tooby Tooby NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 270 33 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 270 34 1994 1994 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 270 35 ; ; : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 270 36 Sperber Sperber NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 270 37 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 270 38 1996 1996 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 270 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 270 40 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 270 41 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 270 42 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 270 43 modules module NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 270 44 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 270 45 encoded encode VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 270 46 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 270 47 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 270 48 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 270 49 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 1 This this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 2 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 3 problematic problematic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 4 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 5 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 6 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 7 combines combine VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 8 modularity modularity NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 9 theory theory NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 10 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 11 but but CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 12 no no DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 13 module module NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 14 up up RP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 15 until until IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 16 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 17 day day NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 18 has have VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 19 been be VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 20 found find VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 21 within within IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 22 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 23 brain brain NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 24 ; ; : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 25 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 26 assumes assume VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 27 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 28 there there EX cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 29 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 30 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 31 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 32 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 33 encode encode VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 34 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 35 such such JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 36 modules module NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 37 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 38 but but CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 39 no no DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 40 gene gene NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 41 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 42 encodes encode VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 43 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 44 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 45 module module NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 46 has have VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 47 been be VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 48 found find VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 49 ; ; : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 50 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 51 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 52 takes take VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 53 universal universal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 54 grammar grammar NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 55 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 56 granted grant VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 57 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 58 although although IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 59 we -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 60 have have VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 61 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 62 been be VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 63 able able JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 64 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 65 locate locate VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 66 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 67 either either RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 271 68 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 272 1 All all PDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 272 2 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 272 3 speculations speculation NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 272 4 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 272 5 useful useful JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 272 6 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 272 7 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 272 8 development development NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 272 9 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 272 10 scientific scientific JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 272 11 theories theory NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 272 12 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 272 13 but but CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 272 14 speculations speculation NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 272 15 alone alone RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 272 16 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 272 17 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 272 18 form form VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 272 19 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 272 20 basis basis NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 272 21 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 272 22 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 272 23 theory theory NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 272 24 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 273 1 In in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 273 2 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 273 3 analysis analysis NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 273 4 above above IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 273 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 273 6 fully fully RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 273 7 see see VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 273 8 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 273 9 merits merit NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 273 10 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 273 11 EE EE NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 273 12 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 274 1 EE EE NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 274 2 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 274 3 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 274 4 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 274 5 one one CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 274 6 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 274 7 directional directional JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 274 8 discipline discipline NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 274 9 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 274 10 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 274 11 within within IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 274 12 biology biology NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 274 13 seeks seek VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 274 14 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 274 15 develop develop VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 274 16 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 274 17 normative normative JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 274 18 framework framework NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 274 19 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 274 20 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 274 21 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 274 22 put put VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 274 23 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 274 24 use use NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 274 25 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 274 26 study study VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 274 27 other other JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 274 28 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 274 29 phenomena phenomenon NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 274 30 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 275 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 275 2 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 275 3 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 275 4 at at IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 275 5 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 275 6 minimum minimum NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 275 7 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 275 8 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 275 9 two two CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 275 10 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 275 11 way way NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 275 12 process process NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 275 13 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 275 14 because because IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 275 15 difficulties difficulty NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 275 16 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 275 17 problems problem NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 275 18 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 275 19 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 275 20 obvious obvious JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 275 21 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 275 22 one one CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 275 23 discipline discipline NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 275 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 275 25 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 275 26 example example NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 275 27 linguistics linguistics NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 275 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 275 29 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 275 30 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 275 31 point point VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 275 32 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 275 33 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 275 34 less less RBR cord-016062-h4vjkufn 275 35 obvious obvious JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 275 36 but but CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 275 37 analogical analogical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 275 38 problem problem NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 275 39 within within IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 275 40 other other JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 275 41 disciplines discipline NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 275 42 where where WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 275 43 one one NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 275 44 uses use VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 275 45 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 275 46 obtains obtain VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 275 47 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 275 48 general general JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 275 49 framework framework NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 275 50 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 275 51 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 275 52 biology biology NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 275 53 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 275 54 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 276 1 That that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 276 2 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 276 3 vertical vertical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 276 4 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 276 5 concept concept NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 276 6 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 276 7 being be VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 276 8 used use VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 276 9 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 276 10 Pinker Pinker NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 276 11 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 276 12 Bloom Bloom NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 276 13 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 276 14 obvious obvious JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 276 15 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 276 16 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 276 17 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 276 18 will will MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 276 19 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 276 20 shown show VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 276 21 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 276 22 historical historical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 276 23 linguists linguist NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 276 24 as as RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 276 25 well well RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 276 26 make make VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 276 27 use use NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 276 28 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 276 29 such such PDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 276 30 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 276 31 concept concept NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 276 32 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 277 1 As as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 277 2 Hull Hull NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 277 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 277 4 2002 2002 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 277 5 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 277 6 18 18 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 277 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 277 8 observes observe VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 277 9 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 277 10 " " `` cord-016062-h4vjkufn 277 11 In in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 277 12 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 277 13 second second JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 277 14 half half NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 277 15 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 277 16 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 277 17 19 19 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 277 18 th th XX cord-016062-h4vjkufn 277 19 century century NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 277 20 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 277 21 some some DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 277 22 exchange exchange NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 277 23 took take VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 277 24 place place NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 277 25 between between IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 277 26 historical historical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 277 27 linguists linguist NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 277 28 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 277 29 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 277 30 biologists biologist NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 277 31 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 277 32 respect respect NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 277 33 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 277 34 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 277 35 methods method NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 277 36 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 277 37 they -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 277 38 used use VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 277 39 [ [ -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 277 40 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 277 41 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 277 42 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 277 43 ] ] -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 277 44 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 278 1 " " `` cord-016062-h4vjkufn 278 2 What what WP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 278 3 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 278 4 crucial crucial JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 278 5 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 278 6 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 278 7 both both DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 278 8 linguists linguist NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 278 9 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 278 10 biologists biologist NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 278 11 use use VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 278 12 tree tree NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 278 13 models model NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 278 14 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 278 15 classify classify VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 278 16 languages language NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 278 17 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 278 18 species specie NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 278 19 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 278 20 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 278 21 even even RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 278 22 more more RBR cord-016062-h4vjkufn 278 23 importantly importantly RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 278 24 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 278 25 at at IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 278 26 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 278 27 beginning beginning NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 278 28 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 278 29 tree tree NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 278 30 models model NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 278 31 were be VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 278 32 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 278 33 used use VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 278 34 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 278 35 portray portray VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 278 36 historical historical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 278 37 sequences sequence NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 278 38 showing show VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 278 39 common common JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 278 40 descent descent NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 278 41 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 278 42 rather rather RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 278 43 they -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 278 44 were be VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 278 45 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 278 46 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 278 47 historical historical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 278 48 sequences sequence NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 278 49 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 278 50 Platonic platonic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 278 51 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 278 52 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 278 53 hence hence RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 278 54 essentialist essentialist JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 278 55 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 278 56 archetypes archetype NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 278 57 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 279 1 " " '' cord-016062-h4vjkufn 280 1 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 280 2 transformation transformation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 280 3 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 280 4 archetypes archetype NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 280 5 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 280 6 ancestors ancestor NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 280 7 turned turn VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 280 8 out out RP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 280 9 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 280 10 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 280 11 much much RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 280 12 more more RBR cord-016062-h4vjkufn 280 13 complicated complicated JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 280 14 than than IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 280 15 anyone anyone NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 280 16 at at IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 280 17 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 280 18 time time NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 280 19 expected expect VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 280 20 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 281 1 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 281 2 transition transition NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 281 3 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 281 4 still still RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 281 5 far far RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 281 6 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 281 7 complete complete JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 281 8 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 282 1 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 282 2 Linnaean Linnaean NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 282 3 hierarchy hierarchy NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 282 4 was be VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 282 5 devised devise VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 282 6 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 282 7 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 282 8 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 282 9 temporal temporal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 282 10 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 282 11 abstract abstract JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 282 12 relations relation NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 282 13 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 282 14 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 282 15 historical historical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 282 16 sequences sequence NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 282 17 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 282 18 " " '' cord-016062-h4vjkufn 283 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 283 2 Hull Hull NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 283 3 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 283 4 2002 2002 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 283 5 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 283 6 24 24 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 283 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 284 1 Theoretical theoretical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 284 2 linguistics linguistics NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 284 3 implicitly implicitly RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 284 4 took take VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 284 5 over over RP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 284 6 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 284 7 observations observation NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 284 8 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 284 9 methods method NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 284 10 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 284 11 historical historical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 284 12 linguistics linguistics NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 284 13 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 284 14 when when WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 284 15 they -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 284 16 implemented implement VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 284 17 sociological sociological JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 284 18 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 284 19 synchronic synchronic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 284 20 methods method NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 284 21 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 284 22 study study VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 284 23 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 284 24 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 285 1 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 285 2 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 285 3 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 285 4 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 285 5 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 285 6 species species NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 285 7 metaphor metaphor NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 285 8 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 285 9 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 285 10 direct direct JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 285 11 result result NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 285 12 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 285 13 essentialist essentialist JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 285 14 thinking thinking NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 285 15 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 286 1 languages language NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 286 2 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 286 3 entified entifie VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 286 4 structures structure NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 286 5 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 286 6 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 286 7 either either DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 286 8 part part NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 286 9 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 286 10 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 286 11 community community NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 286 12 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 286 13 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 286 14 part part NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 286 15 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 286 16 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 286 17 brain brain NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 286 18 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 287 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 287 2 obey obey VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 287 3 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 287 4 own own JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 287 5 laws law NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 287 6 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 288 1 Turner Turner NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 288 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 288 3 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 288 4 volume volume NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 288 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 288 6 already already RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 288 7 showed show VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 288 8 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 288 9 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 288 10 biological biological JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 288 11 species species NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 288 12 concept concept NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 288 13 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 288 14 still still RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 288 15 basically basically RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 288 16 essentialist essentialist JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 288 17 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 289 1 Hull Hull NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 289 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 289 3 2002 2002 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 289 4 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 289 5 25 25 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 289 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 289 7 observes observe VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 289 8 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 289 9 " " `` cord-016062-h4vjkufn 289 10 [ [ -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 289 11 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 289 12 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 289 13 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 289 14 ] ] -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 290 1 linguists linguist NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 290 2 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 290 3 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 290 4 found find VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 290 5 joining join VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 290 6 biologists biologist NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 290 7 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 290 8 argue argue VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 290 9 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 290 10 languages language NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 290 11 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 290 12 as as RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 290 13 much much JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 290 14 historical historical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 290 15 entities entity NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 290 16 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 290 17 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 290 18 species specie NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 290 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 290 20 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 290 21 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 290 22 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 290 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 290 24 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 291 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 291 2 come come VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 291 3 into into IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 291 4 being being NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 291 5 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 291 6 split split VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 291 7 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 291 8 merge merge VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 291 9 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 291 10 go go VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 291 11 extinct extinct JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 291 12 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 291 13 etc etc FW cord-016062-h4vjkufn 291 14 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 292 1 " " `` cord-016062-h4vjkufn 292 2 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 292 3 definition definition NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 292 4 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 292 5 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 292 6 given give VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 292 7 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 292 8 Chomsky Chomsky NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 292 9 equals equal VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 292 10 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 292 11 way way NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 292 12 biology biology NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 292 13 looks look VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 292 14 at at IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 292 15 ' ' `` cord-016062-h4vjkufn 292 16 species specie NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 292 17 ' ' '' cord-016062-h4vjkufn 292 18 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 293 1 Some some DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 293 2 members member NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 293 3 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 293 4 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 293 5 species specie NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 293 6 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 293 7 regarded regard VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 293 8 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 293 9 ideal ideal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 293 10 representatives representative NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 293 11 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 293 12 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 293 13 gene gene NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 293 14 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 293 15 pool pool NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 293 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 293 17 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 293 18 technical technical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 293 19 terms term NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 293 20 called call VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 293 21 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 293 22 ' ' `` cord-016062-h4vjkufn 293 23 wild wild JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 293 24 type type NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 293 25 ' ' '' cord-016062-h4vjkufn 293 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 293 27 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 293 28 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 293 29 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 293 30 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 293 31 presumed presume VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 293 32 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 293 33 all all DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 293 34 organisms organism NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 293 35 share share VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 293 36 essentially essentially RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 293 37 all all DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 293 38 important important JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 293 39 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 293 40 within within IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 293 41 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 293 42 perfectly perfectly RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 293 43 homogenous homogenous JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 293 44 population population NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 293 45 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 294 1 Hence hence RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 294 2 within within IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 294 3 biology biology NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 294 4 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 294 5 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 294 6 an an DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 294 7 essentialist essentialist JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 294 8 view view NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 294 9 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 294 10 species specie NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 294 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 294 12 Gontier Gontier NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 294 13 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 294 14 2004 2004 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 294 15 ; ; : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 294 16 _SP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 294 17 Turner Turner NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 294 18 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 294 19 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 294 20 volume volume NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 294 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 294 22 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 294 23 species specie NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 294 24 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 294 25 still still RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 294 26 distinguished distinguish VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 294 27 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 294 28 one one CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 294 29 another another DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 294 30 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 294 31 dividing divide VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 294 32 accidental accidental JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 294 33 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 294 34 essentialist essentialist JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 294 35 properties property NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 294 36 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 295 1 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 295 2 wild wild JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 295 3 type type NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 295 4 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 295 5 an an DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 295 6 abstract abstract JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 295 7 concept concept NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 295 8 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 295 9 an an DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 295 10 objective objective JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 295 11 measure measure NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 295 12 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 295 13 discover discover VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 295 14 what what WP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 295 15 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 295 16 essential essential JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 295 17 properties property NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 295 18 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 295 19 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 295 20 species specie NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 295 21 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 295 22 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 296 1 All all DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 296 2 other other JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 296 3 organisms organism NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 296 4 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 296 5 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 296 6 part part NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 296 7 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 296 8 that that DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 296 9 species specie NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 296 10 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 296 11 regarded regard VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 296 12 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 296 13 varieties variety NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 296 14 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 296 15 that that DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 296 16 wild wild JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 296 17 type type NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 296 18 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 1 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 2 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 3 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 4 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 5 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 6 species species NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 7 metaphor metaphor NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 9 Mufwene Mufwene NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 10 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 11 2001 2001 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 13 makes make VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 14 exactly exactly RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 15 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 16 same same JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 17 mistakes mistake NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 18 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 19 biologists biologist NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 20 make make VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 21 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 22 adhering adhere VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 23 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 24 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 25 view view NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 26 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 27 there there EX cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 28 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 29 one one CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 31 abstract abstract JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 33 ideal ideal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 34 type type NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 35 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 36 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 37 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 38 equals equal VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 39 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 40 brain brain NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 41 structure structure NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 42 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 43 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 44 common common JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 45 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 46 all all DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 47 humans human NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 48 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 49 lies lie NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 50 at at IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 51 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 52 basis basis NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 53 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 54 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 55 competence competence NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 56 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 57 while while IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 58 all all DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 59 acts act NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 60 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 61 performance performance NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 62 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 63 regarded regard VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 64 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 65 accidental accidental JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 66 variation variation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 67 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 68 different different JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 69 manifestations manifestation NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 70 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 71 that that DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 72 ideal ideal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 73 grammatical grammatical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 74 structure structure NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 75 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 76 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 77 linguistic linguistic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 78 wild wild JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 79 type type NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 80 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 297 81 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 298 1 6 6 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 299 1 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 299 2 family family NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 299 3 tree tree NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 299 4 models model NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 299 5 used use VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 299 6 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 299 7 historical historical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 299 8 linguists linguist NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 299 9 also also RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 299 10 emphasize emphasize VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 299 11 speciation speciation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 299 12 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 300 1 These these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 300 2 speciation speciation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 300 3 models model NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 300 4 imply imply VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 300 5 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 300 6 at at IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 300 7 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 300 8 origin origin NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 300 9 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 300 10 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 300 11 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 300 12 lies lie VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 300 13 one one CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 300 14 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 300 15 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 300 16 wherein wherein WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 300 17 all all DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 300 18 other other JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 300 19 languages language NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 300 20 evolved evolve VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 300 21 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 301 1 Just just RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 301 2 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 301 3 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 301 4 biology biology NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 301 5 where where WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 301 6 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 301 7 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 301 8 generally generally RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 301 9 presumed presume VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 301 10 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 301 11 life life NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 301 12 arose arise VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 301 13 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 301 14 one one CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 301 15 urcell urcell NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 301 16 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 301 17 called call VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 301 18 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 301 19 Last Last NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 301 20 Common Common NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 301 21 Ancestor Ancestor NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 301 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 301 23 Gontier Gontier NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 301 24 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 301 25 2004 2004 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 301 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 301 27 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 301 28 so so CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 301 29 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 301 30 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 301 31 presumed presume VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 301 32 that that DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 301 33 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 301 34 evolved evolve VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 301 35 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 301 36 one one CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 301 37 proto proto JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 301 38 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 301 39 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 301 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 301 41 Bickerton Bickerton NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 301 42 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 301 43 2002 2002 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 301 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 301 45 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 302 1 Here here RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 302 2 one one PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 302 3 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 302 4 take take VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 302 5 two two CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 302 6 directions direction NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 302 7 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 302 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 302 9 a a LS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 302 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 302 11 One one CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 303 1 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 303 2 either either CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 303 3 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 303 4 within within IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 303 5 historical historical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 303 6 linguistics linguistic NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 303 7 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 303 8 try try VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 303 9 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 303 10 reconstruct reconstruct VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 303 11 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 303 12 proto proto JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 303 13 - - NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 303 14 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 303 15 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 303 16 which which WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 303 17 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 303 18 regarded regard VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 303 19 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 303 20 an an DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 303 21 idealized idealized JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 303 22 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 303 23 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 303 24 using use VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 303 25 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 303 26 comparative comparative JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 303 27 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 303 28 internal internal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 303 29 reconstruction reconstruction NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 303 30 methods method NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 303 31 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 303 32 ; ; , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 303 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 303 34 b b NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 303 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 303 36 one one PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 303 37 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 303 38 assume assume VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 303 39 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 303 40 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 303 41 proto proto JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 303 42 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 303 43 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 303 44 really really RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 303 45 existed exist VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 303 46 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 303 47 as as RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 303 48 biologically biologically RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 303 49 inspired inspire VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 303 50 scientists scientist NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 303 51 like like IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 303 52 Bickerton Bickerton NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 303 53 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 303 54 2002 2002 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 303 55 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 303 56 propose propose VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 303 57 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 304 1 This this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 304 2 idea idea NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 304 3 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 304 4 again again RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 304 5 just just RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 304 6 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 304 7 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 304 8 biology biology NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 304 9 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 304 10 leads lead VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 304 11 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 304 12 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 304 13 assumption assumption NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 304 14 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 304 15 older old JJR cord-016062-h4vjkufn 304 16 organisms organism NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 304 17 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 304 18 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 304 19 older old JJR cord-016062-h4vjkufn 304 20 languages language NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 304 21 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 304 22 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 304 23 less less RBR cord-016062-h4vjkufn 304 24 complex complex JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 304 25 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 304 26 hence hence RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 304 27 more more RBR cord-016062-h4vjkufn 304 28 primitive primitive JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 304 29 than than IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 304 30 later later RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 304 31 developed develop VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 304 32 organisms organism NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 304 33 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 304 34 languages language NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 304 35 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 305 1 Hence hence RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 305 2 ideas idea NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 305 3 like like IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 305 4 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 305 5 ladder ladder NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 305 6 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 305 7 cone cone NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 305 8 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 305 9 where where WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 305 10 organisms organism NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 305 11 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 305 12 portrayed portray VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 305 13 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 305 14 evolving evolve VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 305 15 towards towards IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 305 16 ever ever RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 305 17 increasing increase VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 305 18 complexity complexity NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 305 19 which which WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 305 20 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 305 21 obviously obviously RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 305 22 false false JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 305 23 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 1 This this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 2 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 3 turn turn NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 4 means mean VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 5 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 6 if if IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 7 older old JJR cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 8 ' ' `` cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 9 primitive primitive JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 10 ' ' '' cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 11 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 12 ' ' `` cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 13 first first JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 14 ' ' '' cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 15 languages language NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 16 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 17 viewed view VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 18 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 19 less less RBR cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 20 evolved evolve VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 21 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 22 than than IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 23 younger young JJR cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 24 languages language NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 25 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 26 less less RBR cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 27 complex complex JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 28 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 29 therefore therefore RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 30 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 31 Pidgin Pidgin NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 32 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 33 Creole Creole NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 34 languages language NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 35 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 36 child child NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 37 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 39 Aitchison Aitchison NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 40 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 41 1995 1995 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 43 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 44 that that DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 45 matter matter NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 46 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 47 explained explain VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 48 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 49 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 50 form form NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 51 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 52 proto proto JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 53 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 54 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 55 comparable comparable JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 56 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 57 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 58 first first JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 59 languages language NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 60 ever ever RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 61 spoken speak VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 62 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 63 human human JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 64 beings being NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 306 65 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 307 1 In in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 307 2 other other JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 307 3 words word NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 307 4 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 307 5 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 307 6 ideas idea NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 307 7 contradict contradict VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 307 8 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 307 9 principle principle NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 307 10 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 307 11 uniformity uniformity NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 307 12 which which WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 307 13 states state VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 307 14 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 307 15 all all DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 307 16 human human JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 307 17 languages language NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 307 18 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 307 19 equally equally RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 307 20 complex complex JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 307 21 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 308 1 A a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 308 2 way way NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 308 3 out out IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 308 4 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 308 5 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 308 6 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 308 7 found find VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 308 8 when when WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 308 9 one one NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 308 10 assumes assume VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 308 11 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 308 12 proto proto JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 308 13 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 308 14 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 308 15 differs differ NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 308 16 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 308 17 human human JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 308 18 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 308 19 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 308 20 because because IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 308 21 proto proto JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 308 22 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 308 23 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 308 24 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 308 25 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 308 26 human human JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 308 27 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 308 28 bound bind VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 308 29 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 308 30 rather rather RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 308 31 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 308 32 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 308 33 presumed presume VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 308 34 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 308 35 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 308 36 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 308 37 characteristic characteristic NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 308 38 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 308 39 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 308 40 Homo Homo NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 308 41 Habilis Habilis NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 308 42 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 308 43 Erectus Erectus NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 308 44 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 308 45 Neanderthalenis Neanderthalenis NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 308 46 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 308 47 Mellars Mellars NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 308 48 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 308 49 1998 1998 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 308 50 ; ; : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 308 51 Bickerton Bickerton NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 308 52 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 308 53 2002 2002 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 308 54 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 308 55 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 309 1 An an DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 309 2 essentialist essentialist JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 309 3 view view NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 309 4 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 309 5 languages language NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 309 6 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 309 7 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 309 8 species specie NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 309 9 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 309 10 that that DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 309 11 matter matter NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 309 12 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 309 13 implies imply VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 309 14 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 309 15 one one PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 309 16 needs need VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 309 17 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 309 18 distinguish distinguish VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 309 19 essential essential JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 309 20 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 309 21 accidental accidental JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 309 22 properties property NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 309 23 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 309 24 which which WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 309 25 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 309 26 turn turn NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 309 27 leads lead VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 309 28 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 309 29 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 309 30 example example NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 309 31 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 309 32 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 309 33 de de NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 309 34 Saussure Saussure NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 309 35 who who WP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 309 36 develops develop VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 309 37 three three CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 309 38 laws law NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 309 39 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 309 40 explain explain VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 309 41 what what WP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 309 42 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 309 43 essential essential JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 309 44 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 309 45 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 309 46 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 310 1 Languages language NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 310 2 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 310 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 310 4 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 310 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 310 6 species specie NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 310 7 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 310 8 thus thus RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 310 9 regarded regard VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 310 10 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 310 11 static static JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 310 12 entities entity NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 310 13 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 310 14 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 310 15 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 310 16 mix mix VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 310 17 nor nor CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 310 18 influence influence VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 310 19 each each DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 310 20 other other JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 310 21 because because IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 310 22 they -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 310 23 follow follow VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 310 24 rigid rigid JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 310 25 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 310 26 lines line NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 310 27 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 311 1 Language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 311 2 mixing mixing NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 311 3 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 311 4 hybridization hybridization NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 311 5 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 311 6 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 311 7 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 311 8 explained explain VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 311 9 using use VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 311 10 speciation speciation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 311 11 models model NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 311 12 6 6 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 312 1 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 312 2 term term NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 312 3 ' ' `` cord-016062-h4vjkufn 312 4 manifestations manifestation NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 312 5 ' ' '' cord-016062-h4vjkufn 312 6 here here RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 312 7 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 312 8 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 312 9 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 312 10 taken take VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 312 11 literally literally RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 312 12 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 1 Although although IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 2 I -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 3 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 4 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 5 go go VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 6 into into IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 7 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 8 argument argument NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 9 any any RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 10 further further RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 11 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 12 mutations mutation NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 13 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 14 ' ' '' cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 15 quasi quasi JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 16 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 17 species specie NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 18 ' ' '' cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 19 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 20 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 21 always always RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 22 mutations mutation NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 23 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 24 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 25 wild wild JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 26 type type NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 27 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 28 because because IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 29 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 30 wild wild JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 31 type type NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 32 - - : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 33 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 34 dominant dominant JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 35 genetic genetic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 36 sequence sequence NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 37 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 38 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 39 population population NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 40 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 41 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 42 hence hence RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 43 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 44 most most RBS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 45 reproductive reproductive JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 46 - - : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 47 accidentally accidentally RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 48 mutates mutate VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 49 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 50 most most RBS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 51 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 52 just just RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 53 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 54 law law NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 55 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 56 great great JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 57 numbers number NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 58 here here RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 59 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 60 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 61 mutations mutation NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 62 always always RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 63 resemble resemble VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 64 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 65 wild wild JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 66 type type NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 67 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 68 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 69 hence hence RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 70 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 71 different different JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 72 manifestation manifestation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 73 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 74 that that DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 75 wild wild JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 76 type type NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 77 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 78 Gontier Gontier NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 79 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 80 2004 2004 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 81 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 313 82 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 314 1 alone alone RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 314 2 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 314 3 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 314 4 point point NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 314 5 also also RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 314 6 mentioned mention VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 314 7 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 314 8 Hull Hull NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 314 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 314 10 2002 2002 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 314 11 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 314 12 19 19 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 314 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 314 14 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 315 1 " " `` cord-016062-h4vjkufn 315 2 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 315 3 metaphor metaphor NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 315 4 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 315 5 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 315 6 tree tree NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 315 7 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 315 8 life life NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 315 9 seems seem VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 315 10 just just RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 315 11 right right JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 315 12 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 315 13 both both DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 315 14 species specie NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 315 15 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 315 16 languages language NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 315 17 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 315 18 but but CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 315 19 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 315 20 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 315 21 also also RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 315 22 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 315 23 misleading misleading JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 315 24 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 316 1 As as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 316 2 trees tree NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 316 3 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 316 4 commonly commonly RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 316 5 depicted depict VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 316 6 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 316 7 they -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 316 8 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 316 9 totally totally RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 316 10 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 316 11 matter matter NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 316 12 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 316 13 splitting splitting NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 316 14 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 316 15 splitting splitting NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 316 16 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 316 17 more more JJR cord-016062-h4vjkufn 316 18 splitting splitting NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 316 19 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 317 1 Merger Merger NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 317 2 never never RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 317 3 takes take VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 317 4 place place NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 317 5 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 317 6 " " '' cord-016062-h4vjkufn 318 1 Hence hence RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 318 2 species specie NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 318 3 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 318 4 languages language NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 318 5 ' ' `` cord-016062-h4vjkufn 318 6 die die VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 318 7 ' ' '' cord-016062-h4vjkufn 318 8 when when WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 318 9 essential essential JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 318 10 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 318 11 disappear disappear VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 318 12 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 318 13 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 318 14 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 318 15 replaced replace VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 318 16 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 318 17 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 318 18 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 318 19 stated state VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 318 20 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 318 21 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 318 22 species specie NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 318 23 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 318 24 languages language NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 318 25 go go VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 318 26 extinct extinct JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 318 27 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 318 28 rather rather RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 318 29 than than IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 318 30 that that DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 318 31 they -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 318 32 evolved evolve VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 318 33 into into IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 318 34 something something NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 318 35 new new JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 318 36 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 318 37 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 318 38 different different JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 318 39 properties property NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 318 40 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 319 1 What what WP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 319 2 evolved evolve VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 319 3 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 319 4 regarded regard VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 319 5 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 319 6 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 319 7 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 319 8 totally totally RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 319 9 new new JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 319 10 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 319 11 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 319 12 species specie NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 319 13 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 320 1 Turning turn VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 320 2 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 320 3 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 320 4 Darwinization Darwinization NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 320 5 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 320 6 linguistics linguistics NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 320 7 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 320 8 again again RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 320 9 we -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 320 10 encounter encounter VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 320 11 problems problem NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 320 12 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 321 1 Today today NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 321 2 Neo Neo NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 321 3 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 321 4 Darwinian darwinian JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 321 5 theory theory NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 321 6 tends tend VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 321 7 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 321 8 reduce reduce VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 321 9 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 321 10 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 321 11 process process NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 321 12 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 321 13 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 321 14 process process NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 321 15 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 321 16 adaptation adaptation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 321 17 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 322 1 Adaptation adaptation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 322 2 strictu strictu NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 322 3 sensu sensu NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 322 4 means mean VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 322 5 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 322 6 being be VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 322 7 able able JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 322 8 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 322 9 survive survive VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 322 10 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 322 11 an an DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 322 12 environment environment NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 322 13 long long RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 322 14 enough enough RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 322 15 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 322 16 reproduce reproduce VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 322 17 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 323 1 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 323 2 emphasis emphasis NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 323 3 here here RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 323 4 lies lie VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 323 5 on on IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 323 6 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 323 7 survival survival NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 323 8 part part NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 323 9 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 324 1 Later later RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 324 2 on on RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 324 3 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 324 4 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 324 5 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 324 6 development development NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 324 7 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 324 8 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 324 9 Modern Modern NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 324 10 Synthesis Synthesis NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 324 11 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 324 12 adaptation adaptation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 324 13 was be VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 324 14 defined define VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 324 15 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 324 16 being be VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 324 17 able able JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 324 18 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 324 19 reproduce reproduce VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 324 20 fertile fertile JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 324 21 offspring offspring NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 324 22 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 324 23 which which WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 324 24 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 324 25 turn turn NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 324 26 was be VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 324 27 narrowed narrow VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 324 28 down down RP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 324 29 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 324 30 being be VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 324 31 able able JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 324 32 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 324 33 reproduce reproduce VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 324 34 at at IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 324 35 maximal maximal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 324 36 speed speed NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 324 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 324 38 fitness fitness NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 324 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 324 40 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 325 1 Hence hence RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 325 2 adaptation adaptation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 325 3 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 325 4 fitness fitness NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 325 5 today today NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 325 6 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 325 7 almost almost RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 325 8 synonymous synonymous JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 325 9 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 326 1 More more RBR cord-016062-h4vjkufn 326 2 so so RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 326 3 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 326 4 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 326 5 ' ' `` cord-016062-h4vjkufn 326 6 being be VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 326 7 able able JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 326 8 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 326 9 reproduce reproduce VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 326 10 ' ' `` cord-016062-h4vjkufn 326 11 part part NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 326 12 which which WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 326 13 still still RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 326 14 assumes assume VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 326 15 organisms organism NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 326 16 who who WP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 326 17 reproduce reproduce VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 326 18 today today NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 326 19 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 326 20 being be VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 326 21 replaced replace VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 326 22 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 326 23 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 326 24 idea idea NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 326 25 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 326 26 being be VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 326 27 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 326 28 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 326 29 being be VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 326 30 able able JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 326 31 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 326 32 pass pass VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 326 33 on on IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 326 34 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 326 35 / / SYM cord-016062-h4vjkufn 326 36 her -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 326 37 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 326 38 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 326 39 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 326 40 next next JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 326 41 generation generation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 326 42 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 326 43 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 326 44 more more RBR cord-016062-h4vjkufn 326 45 abstractly abstractly RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 326 46 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 326 47 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 326 48 gene gene NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 326 49 pool pool NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 326 50 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 326 51 at at IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 326 52 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 326 53 maximum maximum JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 326 54 rate rate NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 326 55 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 326 56 Gontier Gontier NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 326 57 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 326 58 2004 2004 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 326 59 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 326 60 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 327 1 Popular popular JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 327 2 biological biological JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 327 3 scientists scientist NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 327 4 such such JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 327 5 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 327 6 Dawkins Dawkins NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 327 7 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 327 8 instance instance NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 327 9 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 327 10 also also RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 327 11 introduce introduce VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 327 12 theological theological JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 327 13 elements element NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 327 14 into into IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 327 15 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 327 16 biology biology NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 327 17 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 327 18 although although IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 327 19 they -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 327 20 claim claim VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 327 21 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 327 22 do do VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 327 23 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 327 24 contrary contrary NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 327 25 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 328 1 Just just RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 328 2 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 328 3 Chomsky Chomsky NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 328 4 introduced introduce VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 328 5 functionalistic functionalistic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 328 6 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 328 7 Aristotelian Aristotelian NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 328 8 methodology methodology NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 328 9 into into IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 328 10 linguistics linguistics NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 328 11 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 328 12 Dawkins Dawkins NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 328 13 introduces introduce VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 328 14 Aristotelian Aristotelian NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 328 15 thinking thinking NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 328 16 into into IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 328 17 biology biology NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 328 18 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 329 1 Dawkins Dawkins NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 329 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 329 3 2000 2000 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 329 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 329 5 defends defend VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 329 6 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 329 7 idea idea NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 329 8 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 329 9 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 329 10 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 329 11 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 329 12 task task NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 329 13 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 329 14 every every DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 329 15 biologist biologist NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 329 16 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 329 17 answer answer VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 329 18 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 329 19 question question NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 329 20 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 329 21 why why WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 329 22 organisms organism NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 329 23 show show VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 329 24 design design NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 329 25 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 330 1 Here here RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 330 2 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 330 3 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 330 4 presumed presume VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 330 5 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 330 6 there there EX cord-016062-h4vjkufn 330 7 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 330 8 such such JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 330 9 thing thing NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 330 10 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 330 11 nature nature NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 330 12 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 330 13 design design NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 331 1 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 331 2 hands hand NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 331 3 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 331 4 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 331 5 grasping grasp VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 331 6 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 331 7 eyes eye NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 331 8 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 331 9 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 331 10 seeing see VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 331 11 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 331 12 legs leg NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 331 13 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 331 14 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 331 15 walking walk VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 331 16 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 331 17 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 331 18 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 331 19 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 331 20 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 332 1 Methodologically methodologically RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 332 2 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 332 3 when when WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 332 4 searching search VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 332 5 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 332 6 design design NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 332 7 features feature NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 332 8 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 332 9 we -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 332 10 need need VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 332 11 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 332 12 answer answer VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 332 13 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 332 14 question question NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 332 15 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 332 16 what what WP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 332 17 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 332 18 certain certain JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 332 19 characteristic characteristic NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 332 20 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 332 21 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 332 22 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 333 1 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 333 2 whole whole JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 333 3 point point NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 333 4 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 333 5 however however RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 333 6 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 333 7 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 333 8 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 333 9 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 333 10 Aristotle Aristotle NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 333 11 's 's POS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 333 12 philosophy philosophy NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 333 13 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 333 14 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 333 15 ' ' `` cord-016062-h4vjkufn 333 16 what'-question what'-question NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 333 17 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 333 18 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 333 19 ' ' `` cord-016062-h4vjkufn 333 20 what what WP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 333 21 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 333 22 ' ' '' cord-016062-h4vjkufn 333 23 question question NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 333 24 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 333 25 related relate VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 333 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 333 27 Gontier Gontier NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 333 28 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 333 29 2004 2004 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 333 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 333 31 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 334 1 Answering answer VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 334 2 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 334 3 ' ' `` cord-016062-h4vjkufn 334 4 what'-question what'-question NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 334 5 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 334 6 equal equal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 334 7 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 334 8 distinguishing distinguish VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 334 9 between between IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 334 10 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 334 11 essential essential JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 334 12 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 334 13 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 334 14 accidental accidental JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 334 15 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 334 16 hence hence RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 334 17 equal equal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 334 18 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 334 19 defining define VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 334 20 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 334 21 proper proper JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 334 22 functions function NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 334 23 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 335 1 Since since IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 335 2 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 335 3 Aristotle Aristotle NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 335 4 's 's POS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 335 5 philosophy philosophy NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 335 6 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 335 7 every every DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 335 8 final final JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 335 9 form form NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 335 10 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 335 11 potentially potentially RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 335 12 present present JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 335 13 - - : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 335 14 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 335 15 just just RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 335 16 needs need VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 335 17 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 335 18 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 335 19 actualized actualize VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 335 20 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 335 21 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 335 22 working work VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 335 23 agent agent NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 335 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 335 25 related relate VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 335 26 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 335 27 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 335 28 how how WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 335 29 question)-the question)-the NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 335 30 ' ' '' cord-016062-h4vjkufn 335 31 what what WP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 335 32 for'-question for'-question NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 335 33 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 335 34 related relate VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 335 35 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 335 36 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 335 37 ' ' `` cord-016062-h4vjkufn 335 38 what'-question what'-question NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 335 39 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 336 1 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 336 2 ' ' `` cord-016062-h4vjkufn 336 3 essence essence NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 336 4 ' ' '' cord-016062-h4vjkufn 336 5 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 336 6 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 336 7 thing thing NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 336 8 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 336 9 organism organism NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 337 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 337 2 what what WP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 337 3 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 337 4 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 337 5 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 337 6 what what WP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 337 7 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 337 8 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 337 9 function function NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 337 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 337 11 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 337 12 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 337 13 same same JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 337 14 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 337 15 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 337 16 ' ' `` cord-016062-h4vjkufn 337 17 final final JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 337 18 goal goal NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 337 19 ' ' '' cord-016062-h4vjkufn 337 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 337 21 what what WP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 337 22 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 337 23 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 337 24 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 337 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 337 26 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 338 1 So so RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 338 2 when when WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 338 3 introducing introduce VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 338 4 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 338 5 what what WP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 338 6 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 338 7 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 338 8 question question NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 338 9 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 338 10 we -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 338 11 need need VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 338 12 an an DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 338 13 answer answer NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 338 14 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 338 15 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 338 16 what what WP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 338 17 question question NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 338 18 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 338 19 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 338 20 when when WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 338 21 both both DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 338 22 question question NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 338 23 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 338 24 combined combine VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 338 25 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 338 26 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 338 27 teleological teleological JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 338 28 point point NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 338 29 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 338 30 view view NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 338 31 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 338 32 taken take VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 338 33 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 339 1 Given give VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 339 2 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 339 3 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 339 4 let let VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 339 5 us -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 339 6 take take VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 339 7 Dawkins Dawkins NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 339 8 ' ' POS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 339 9 argument argument NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 339 10 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 339 11 bit bit NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 339 12 further far RBR cord-016062-h4vjkufn 339 13 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 339 14 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 339 15 hands hand NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 339 16 also also RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 339 17 made make VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 339 18 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 339 19 colouring colouring NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 339 20 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 339 21 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 339 22 typing typing NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 339 23 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 339 24 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 339 25 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 339 26 mouths mouth NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 339 27 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 339 28 vocal vocal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 339 29 cord cord NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 339 30 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 339 31 tongue tongue NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 339 32 made make VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 339 33 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 339 34 shouting shout VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 339 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 339 36 anti)-governmental anti)-governmental NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 339 37 slogans slogan NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 339 38 ? ? . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 340 1 Obviously obviously RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 340 2 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 340 3 category category NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 340 4 mistake mistake NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 340 5 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 340 6 being be VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 340 7 made make VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 340 8 here here RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 340 9 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 341 1 In in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 341 2 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 341 3 biology biology NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 341 4 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 341 5 ' ' `` cord-016062-h4vjkufn 341 6 how'-question how'-question NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 341 7 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 341 8 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 341 9 should should MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 341 10 also also RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 341 11 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 341 12 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 341 13 most most RBS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 341 14 important important JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 341 15 question question NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 341 16 raised raise VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 341 17 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 341 18 instead instead RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 341 19 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 341 20 trying try VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 341 21 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 341 22 give give VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 341 23 functionalistic functionalistic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 341 24 accounts account NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 341 25 based base VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 341 26 upon upon IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 341 27 concepts concept NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 341 28 like like IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 341 29 adaptivity adaptivity NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 341 30 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 341 31 respect respect NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 341 32 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 341 33 what what WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 341 34 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 341 35 evolved evolve VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 341 36 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 341 37 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 342 1 Needless needless JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 342 2 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 342 3 say say VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 342 4 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 342 5 there there EX cord-016062-h4vjkufn 342 6 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 342 7 numerous numerous JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 342 8 accounts account NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 342 9 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 342 10 maladaptive maladaptive JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 342 11 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 342 12 neutral neutral JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 342 13 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 342 14 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 342 15 animals animal NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 342 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 342 17 Kimura Kimura NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 342 18 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 342 19 1976 1976 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 342 20 ; ; : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 342 21 Gould Gould NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 342 22 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 342 23 1980 1980 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 342 24 ; ; : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 342 25 Gould Gould NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 342 26 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 342 27 Vrba Vrba NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 342 28 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 342 29 1982 1982 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 342 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 342 31 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 343 1 Since since IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 343 2 we -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 343 3 do do VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 343 4 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 343 5 know know VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 343 6 how how WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 343 7 most most JJS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 343 8 things thing NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 343 9 evolved evolve VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 343 10 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 343 11 how how WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 343 12 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 343 13 we -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 343 14 even even RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 343 15 begin begin VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 343 16 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 343 17 answer answer VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 343 18 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 343 19 question question NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 343 20 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 343 21 why why WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 343 22 they -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 343 23 evolved evolve VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 343 24 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 343 25 particularly particularly RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 343 26 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 343 27 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 343 28 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 343 29 scientific scientific JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 343 30 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 343 31 non non JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 343 32 - - JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 343 33 speculative speculative JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 343 34 manner manner NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 343 35 ? ? . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 344 1 Neo Neo NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 344 2 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 344 3 Darwinians Darwinians NNPS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 344 4 have have VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 344 5 worked work VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 344 6 long long JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 344 7 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 344 8 hard hard RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 344 9 as as RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 344 10 well well RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 344 11 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 344 12 fruitfully fruitfully RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 344 13 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 344 14 ban ban VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 344 15 all all DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 344 16 kinds kind NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 344 17 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 344 18 theological theological JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 344 19 / / SYM cord-016062-h4vjkufn 344 20 teleological teleological JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 344 21 thinking thinking NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 344 22 within within IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 344 23 biology biology NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 344 24 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 345 1 Why why WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 345 2 on on IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 345 3 earth earth NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 345 4 should should MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 345 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 345 6 undo undo VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 345 7 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 345 8 job job NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 345 9 ? ? . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 346 1 Pinker Pinker NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 346 2 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 346 3 Bloom Bloom NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 346 4 follow follow VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 346 5 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 346 6 same same JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 346 7 road road NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 346 8 pointed point VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 346 9 out out RP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 346 10 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 346 11 Dawkins Dawkins NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 346 12 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 346 13 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 346 14 shows show VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 346 15 design design NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 346 16 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 346 17 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 346 18 therefore therefore RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 346 19 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 346 20 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 346 21 should should MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 346 22 have have VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 346 23 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 346 24 must must MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 346 25 have have VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 346 26 evolved evolve VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 346 27 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 346 28 natural natural JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 346 29 selection selection NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 346 30 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 346 31 because because IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 346 32 somehow somehow RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 346 33 natural natural JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 346 34 selection selection NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 346 35 gets get VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 346 36 understood understand VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 346 37 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 346 38 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 346 39 designer designer NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 346 40 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 346 41 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 346 42 blind blind JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 346 43 watchmaker watchmaker NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 346 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 346 45 Dawkins Dawkins NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 346 46 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 346 47 2000 2000 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 346 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 346 49 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 347 1 Since since IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 347 2 natural natural JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 347 3 selection selection NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 347 4 works work VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 347 5 slowly slowly RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 347 6 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 347 7 grammar grammar NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 347 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 348 1 under under IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 348 2 which which WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 348 3 form form NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 348 4 exactly exactly RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 348 5 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 348 6 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 348 7 module module NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 348 8 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 348 9 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 348 10 gene gene NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 348 11 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 348 12 an an DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 348 13 inherited inherit VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 348 14 brain brain NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 348 15 structure structure NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 348 16 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 348 17 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 348 18 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 348 19 clear clear JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 348 20 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 348 21 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 348 22 work work NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 348 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 348 24 evolved evolve VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 348 25 stepwise stepwise JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 348 26 as as RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 348 27 well well RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 348 28 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 348 29 leading lead VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 348 30 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 348 31 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 348 32 child child NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 348 33 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 348 34 an an DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 348 35 n n NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 348 36 + + SYM cord-016062-h4vjkufn 348 37 1 1 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 348 38 grammar grammar NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 348 39 rule rule NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 348 40 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 348 41 while while IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 348 42 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 348 43 parents parent NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 348 44 got get VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 348 45 stuck stick VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 348 46 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 348 47 an an DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 348 48 n n NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 348 49 rule rule NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 348 50 grammar grammar NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 348 51 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 349 1 How how WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 349 2 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 349 3 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 349 4 advanced advanced JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 349 5 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 349 6 more more RBR cord-016062-h4vjkufn 349 7 complex complex JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 349 8 child child NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 349 9 make make VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 349 10 itself -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 349 11 comprehensible comprehensible JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 349 12 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 349 13 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 349 14 less less RBR cord-016062-h4vjkufn 349 15 complex complex JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 349 16 parents parent NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 349 17 ? ? . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 350 1 As as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 350 2 mentioned mention VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 350 3 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 350 4 Gontier Gontier NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 350 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 350 6 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 350 7 volume volume NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 350 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 350 9 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 350 10 EE EE NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 350 11 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 350 12 about about IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 350 13 developing develop VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 350 14 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 350 15 normative normative JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 350 16 framework framework NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 350 17 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 350 18 based base VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 350 19 upon upon IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 350 20 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 350 21 thinking thinking NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 350 22 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 350 23 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 350 24 explain explain VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 350 25 all all DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 350 26 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 350 27 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 350 28 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 350 29 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 350 30 but but CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 350 31 also also RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 350 32 all all DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 350 33 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 350 34 ontogenetic ontogenetic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 350 35 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 350 36 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 351 1 EE EE NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 351 2 studies study VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 351 3 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 351 4 cognitive cognitive JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 351 5 capacities capacity NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 351 6 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 351 7 organisms organism NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 351 8 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 351 9 within within IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 351 10 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 351 11 biology biology NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 352 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 352 2 Bradie Bradie NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 352 3 's 's POS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 352 4 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 352 5 Harms Harms NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 352 6 ' ' '' cord-016062-h4vjkufn 352 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 352 8 2001 2001 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 352 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 352 10 EEM EEM NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 352 11 programme programme NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 352 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 352 13 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 352 14 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 352 15 studies study VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 352 16 how how WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 352 17 theoretic theoretic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 352 18 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 352 19 models model NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 352 20 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 352 21 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 352 22 put put VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 352 23 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 352 24 use use NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 352 25 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 352 26 study study VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 352 27 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 352 28 products product NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 352 29 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 352 30 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 352 31 cognitive cognitive JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 352 32 capacities capacity NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 352 33 such such JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 352 34 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 352 35 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 352 36 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 352 37 culture culture NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 352 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 352 39 Bradie Bradie NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 352 40 's 's POS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 352 41 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 352 42 Harms Harms NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 352 43 ' ' '' cord-016062-h4vjkufn 352 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 352 45 2001 2001 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 352 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 352 47 EET EET NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 352 48 programme programme NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 352 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 352 50 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 353 1 In in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 353 2 practice practice NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 353 3 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 353 4 means mean VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 353 5 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 353 6 EE EE NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 353 7 gets get VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 353 8 reduced reduce VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 353 9 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 353 10 finding find VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 353 11 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 353 12 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 353 13 universal universal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 353 14 frameworks framework NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 353 15 analogous analogous JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 353 16 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 353 17 Neo Neo NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 353 18 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 353 19 Darwinian darwinian JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 353 20 thinking thinking NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 353 21 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 1 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 2 blind blind JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 3 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 4 variationselective variationselective JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 5 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 6 retention retention NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 7 scheme scheme NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 8 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 9 Campbell Campbell NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 11 1987 1987 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 13 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 14 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 15 generate generate VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 16 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 17 test test NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 18 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 19 regenerate regenerate VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 20 scheme scheme NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 21 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 22 Plotkin Plotkin NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 24 1995 1995 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 26 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 27 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 28 replication replication NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 29 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 30 variation variation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 31 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 32 environmental environmental JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 33 interaction interaction NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 34 scheme scheme NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 35 introduced introduce VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 36 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 37 Hull Hull NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 39 see see VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 40 Hull Hull NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 41 et et FW cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 42 al al NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 43 . . NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 44 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 45 2001 2001 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 46 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 47 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 48 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 49 most most JJS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 50 up up IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 51 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 52 date date NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 53 account account NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 54 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 55 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 56 all all DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 57 base base VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 58 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 59 universal universal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 60 schemes scheme NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 61 upon upon IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 62 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 63 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 64 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 65 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 66 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 67 natural natural JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 68 selection selection NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 354 69 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 355 1 Blind blind JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 355 2 variation variation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 355 3 refers refer VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 355 4 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 355 5 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 355 6 random random JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 355 7 mutations mutation NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 355 8 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 355 9 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 355 10 undergo undergo VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 355 11 which which WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 355 12 leads lead VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 355 13 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 355 14 variation variation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 355 15 ; ; : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 355 16 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 355 17 selective selective JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 355 18 retention retention NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 355 19 phase phase NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 355 20 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 355 21 about about IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 355 22 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 355 23 selection selection NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 355 24 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 355 25 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 355 26 advantageous advantageous JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 355 27 random random JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 355 28 mutations mutation NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 355 29 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 355 30 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 355 31 heritably heritably RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 355 32 retained retain VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 355 33 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 355 34 spread spread VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 355 35 within within IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 355 36 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 355 37 species specie NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 355 38 through through IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 355 39 time time NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 355 40 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 356 1 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 356 2 same same JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 356 3 goes go VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 356 4 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 356 5 Plotkin Plotkin NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 356 6 's 's POS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 356 7 scheme scheme NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 356 8 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 357 1 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 357 2 genetic genetic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 357 3 material material NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 357 4 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 357 5 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 357 6 generated generate VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 357 7 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 357 8 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 357 9 next next JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 357 10 generation generation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 357 11 because because IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 357 12 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 357 13 sexual sexual JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 357 14 reproduction reproduction NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 357 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 357 16 mutated mutate VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 357 17 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 357 18 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 357 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 357 20 needs need VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 357 21 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 357 22 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 357 23 tested test VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 357 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 357 25 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 357 26 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 357 27 environment environment NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 357 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 358 1 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 358 2 order order NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 358 3 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 358 4 see see VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 358 5 whether whether IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 358 6 they -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 358 7 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 358 8 suited suit VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 358 9 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 358 10 that that DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 358 11 environment environment NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 358 12 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 358 13 If if IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 358 14 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 358 15 organism organism NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 358 16 carrying carry VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 358 17 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 358 18 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 358 19 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 358 20 able able JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 358 21 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 358 22 survive survive VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 358 23 long long RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 358 24 enough enough RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 358 25 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 358 26 reproduce reproduce VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 358 27 ; ; : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 358 28 through through IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 358 29 reproduction reproduction NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 358 30 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 358 31 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 358 32 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 358 33 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 358 34 regenerated regenerate VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 358 35 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 359 1 Hull Hull NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 359 2 emphasizes emphasize VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 359 3 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 359 4 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 359 5 level level NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 359 6 where where WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 359 7 natural natural JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 359 8 selection selection NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 359 9 acts act NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 359 10 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 359 11 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 359 12 environment environment NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 359 13 which which WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 359 14 interacts interact VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 359 15 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 359 16 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 359 17 phenotype phenotype NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 359 18 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 359 19 instead instead RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 359 20 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 359 21 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 359 22 replicator replicator NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 359 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 359 24 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 359 25 selfish selfish JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 359 26 gene gene NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 359 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 359 28 ; ; : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 359 29 Plotkin Plotkin NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 359 30 emphasizes emphasize VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 359 31 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 359 32 randomness randomness NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 359 33 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 359 34 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 359 35 testing testing NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 359 36 phase phase NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 359 37 ; ; : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 359 38 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 359 39 Campbell Campbell NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 359 40 emphasizes emphasize VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 359 41 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 359 42 need need NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 359 43 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 359 44 retention retention NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 359 45 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 360 1 However however RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 360 2 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 360 3 all all PDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 360 4 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 360 5 researchers researcher NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 360 6 base base VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 360 7 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 360 8 models model NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 360 9 upon upon IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 360 10 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 360 11 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 360 12 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 360 13 genetic genetic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 360 14 material material NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 360 15 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 360 16 natural natural JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 360 17 selection selection NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 360 18 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 360 19 extrapolate extrapolate VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 360 20 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 360 21 hereon hereon NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 360 22 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 360 23 processes process NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 360 24 like like IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 360 25 science science NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 360 26 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 360 27 culture culture NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 360 28 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 360 29 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 360 30 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 361 1 So so RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 361 2 all all DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 361 3 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 361 4 them -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 361 5 take take VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 361 6 Darwin Darwin NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 361 7 seriously seriously RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 361 8 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 361 9 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 361 10 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 361 11 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 361 12 more more RBR cord-016062-h4vjkufn 361 13 precise precise JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 362 1 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 362 2 they -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 362 3 take take VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 362 4 Ruse ruse NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 362 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 362 6 1985 1985 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 362 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 362 8 seriously seriously RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 362 9 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 362 10 who who WP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 362 11 states state VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 362 12 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 362 13 we -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 362 14 should should MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 362 15 take take VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 362 16 Darwin Darwin NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 362 17 seriously seriously RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 362 18 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 362 19 although although IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 362 20 Darwin Darwin NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 362 21 himself -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 362 22 has have VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 362 23 little little JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 362 24 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 362 25 do do VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 362 26 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 362 27 Neo Neo NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 362 28 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 362 29 Darwinian darwinian JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 362 30 theory theory NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 362 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 362 32 Gontier Gontier NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 362 33 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 362 34 2004 2004 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 362 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 362 36 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 363 1 Darwin Darwin NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 363 2 talked talk VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 363 3 about about IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 363 4 gemulles gemulle NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 363 5 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 363 6 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 363 7 blend blend VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 363 8 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 363 9 while while IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 363 10 Neo Neo NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 363 11 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 363 12 Darwinians Darwinians NNPS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 363 13 talk talk VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 363 14 about about IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 363 15 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 363 16 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 363 17 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 363 18 impenetrable impenetrable JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 363 19 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 364 1 These these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 364 2 frameworks framework NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 364 3 surely surely RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 364 4 have have VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 364 5 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 364 6 merits merit NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 364 7 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 364 8 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 364 9 have have VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 364 10 helped help VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 364 11 different different JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 364 12 disciplines discipline NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 364 13 within within IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 364 14 biology biology NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 364 15 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 364 16 also also RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 364 17 throughout throughout IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 364 18 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 364 19 study study NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 364 20 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 364 21 complex complex JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 364 22 phenomena phenomenon NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 364 23 within within IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 364 24 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 364 25 life life NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 364 26 sciences science NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 364 27 ; ; : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 364 28 there there EX cord-016062-h4vjkufn 364 29 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 364 30 no no DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 364 31 question question NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 364 32 about about IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 364 33 that that DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 364 34 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 365 1 Croft Croft NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 365 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 365 3 2000 2000 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 365 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 365 5 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 365 6 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 365 7 example example NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 365 8 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 365 9 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 365 10 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 365 11 first first JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 365 12 one one CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 365 13 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 365 14 actually actually RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 365 15 use use VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 365 16 one one CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 365 17 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 365 18 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 365 19 normative normative JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 365 20 frameworks framework NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 365 21 introduced introduce VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 365 22 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 365 23 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 365 24 epistemologists epistemologist NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 365 25 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 366 1 He -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 366 2 develops develop VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 366 3 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 366 4 framework framework NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 366 5 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 366 6 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 366 7 variation variation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 366 8 using use VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 366 9 Hull Hull NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 366 10 's 's POS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 366 11 replication replication NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 366 12 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 366 13 variationenvironmental variationenvironmental NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 366 14 interaction interaction NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 366 15 scheme scheme NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 366 16 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 367 1 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 367 2 replicator replicator NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 367 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 367 4 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 367 5 unit unit NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 367 6 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 367 7 selection selection NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 367 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 367 9 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 367 10 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 367 11 view view NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 367 12 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 367 13 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 367 14 lingueme lingueme JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 367 15 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 367 16 grammatical grammatical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 367 17 structures structure NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 367 18 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 367 19 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 367 20 replicated replicate VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 367 21 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 367 22 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 367 23 utterances utterance NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 367 24 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 367 25 people people NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 367 26 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 368 1 Variation variation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 368 2 arises arise VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 368 3 because because IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 368 4 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 368 5 phonological phonological JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 368 6 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 368 7 semantic semantic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 368 8 differences difference NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 368 9 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 368 10 occur occur VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 368 11 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 368 12 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 368 13 utterances utterance NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 368 14 ; ; : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 368 15 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 368 16 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 368 17 environmental environmental JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 368 18 interaction interaction NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 368 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 368 20 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 368 21 level level NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 368 22 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 368 23 selection selection NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 368 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 368 25 refers refer VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 368 26 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 368 27 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 368 28 population population NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 368 29 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 368 30 utterances utterance NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 368 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 368 32 analogous analogous JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 368 33 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 368 34 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 368 35 gene gene NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 368 36 pool pool NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 368 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 368 38 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 368 39 people people NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 368 40 which which WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 368 41 interact interact VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 368 42 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 368 43 other other JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 368 44 such such JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 368 45 utterances utterance NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 368 46 within within IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 368 47 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 368 48 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 368 49 community community NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 368 50 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 369 1 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 369 2 merit merit NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 369 3 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 369 4 Croft Croft NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 369 5 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 369 6 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 369 7 he -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 369 8 takes take VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 369 9 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 369 10 individual individual JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 369 11 organism organism NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 369 12 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 369 13 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 369 14 actor actor NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 369 15 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 369 16 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 369 17 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 369 18 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 369 19 part part NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 369 20 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 369 21 some some DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 369 22 superorganic superorganic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 369 23 structure structure NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 369 24 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 369 25 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 369 26 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 369 27 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 369 28 out out RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 369 29 there there RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 369 30 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 369 31 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 369 32 community community NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 369 33 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 369 34 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 369 35 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 369 36 part part NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 369 37 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 369 38 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 369 39 human human JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 369 40 being being NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 369 41 who who WP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 369 42 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 369 43 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 369 44 utterances utterance NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 369 45 produces produce VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 369 46 grammatical grammatical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 369 47 structures structure NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 369 48 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 370 1 However however RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 370 2 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 370 3 here here RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 370 4 arise arise VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 370 5 two two CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 370 6 problems problem NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 370 7 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 370 8 although although IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 370 9 Croft Croft NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 370 10 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 370 11 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 370 12 fearsome fearsome JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 370 13 critic critic NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 370 14 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 370 15 Chomskyan Chomskyan NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 370 16 linguistics linguistics NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 370 17 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 370 18 he -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 370 19 does do VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 370 20 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 370 21 seem seem VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 370 22 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 370 23 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 370 24 able able JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 370 25 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 370 26 completely completely RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 370 27 abandon abandon VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 370 28 Chomsky Chomsky NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 370 29 's 's POS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 370 30 view view NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 370 31 on on IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 370 32 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 370 33 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 370 34 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 370 35 universal universal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 370 36 grammatical grammatical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 370 37 rules rule NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 370 38 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 370 39 unchangeable unchangeable JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 370 40 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 370 41 perfectly perfectly RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 370 42 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 370 43 idealistically idealistically RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 370 44 part part NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 370 45 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 370 46 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 370 47 brain brain NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 370 48 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 370 49 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 370 50 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 370 51 structures structure NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 370 52 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 370 53 replicated replicate VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 370 54 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 370 55 an an DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 370 56 imperfect imperfect JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 370 57 way way NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 370 58 within within IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 370 59 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 370 60 utterances utterance NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 370 61 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 370 62 individuals individual NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 370 63 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 371 1 So so RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 371 2 here here RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 371 3 he -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 371 4 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 371 5 ambivalent ambivalent JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 371 6 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 371 7 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 371 8 using use VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 371 9 Chomsky Chomsky NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 371 10 while while IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 371 11 he -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 371 12 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 371 13 using use VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 371 14 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 371 15 ideas idea NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 371 16 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 1 Another another DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 2 problem problem NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 3 arises arise VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 4 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 5 respect respect NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 6 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 7 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 8 idea idea NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 9 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 10 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 11 lingueme lingueme JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 12 pool pool NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 13 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 14 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 15 analogous analogous JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 16 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 17 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 18 gene gene NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 19 pool pool NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 20 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 21 an an DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 22 ambivalence ambivalence NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 23 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 24 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 25 also also RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 26 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 27 read read VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 28 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 29 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 30 works work NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 31 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 32 Hull Hull NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 33 where where WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 34 Croft Croft NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 35 obtains obtain VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 36 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 37 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 38 framework framework NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 39 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 40 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 41 although although IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 42 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 43 level level NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 44 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 45 selection selection NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 46 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 47 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 48 environment environment NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 49 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 50 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 51 unit unit NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 52 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 53 selection selection NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 54 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 55 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 56 entire entire JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 57 organism organism NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 58 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 59 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 60 through through IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 61 his -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 62 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 63 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 64 make make VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 65 up up RP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 66 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 67 phenotype phenotype NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 68 interacts interact VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 69 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 70 that that DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 71 environment environment NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 72 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 73 ultimately ultimately RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 74 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 75 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 76 linguemes lingueme NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 77 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 78 all all DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 79 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 80 counts count VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 372 81 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 373 1 Because because IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 373 2 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 373 3 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 373 4 extraordinary extraordinary JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 373 5 developments development NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 373 6 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 373 7 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 373 8 progress progress NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 373 9 made make VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 373 10 within within IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 373 11 EE EE NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 373 12 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 373 13 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 373 14 time time NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 373 15 has have VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 373 16 come come VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 373 17 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 373 18 go go VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 373 19 one one CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 373 20 step step NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 373 21 further far RBR cord-016062-h4vjkufn 373 22 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 373 23 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 373 24 apply apply VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 373 25 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 373 26 thinking thinking NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 373 27 there there RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 373 28 where where WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 373 29 even even RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 373 30 natural natural JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 373 31 selection selection NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 373 32 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 373 33 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 373 34 has have VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 373 35 been be VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 373 36 so so RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 373 37 helpful helpful JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 373 38 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 373 39 fails fail VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 373 40 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 374 1 Natural natural JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 374 2 selection selection NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 374 3 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 374 4 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 374 5 explain explain VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 374 6 all all DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 374 7 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 374 8 life life NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 374 9 's 's POS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 374 10 phenomena phenomenon NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 374 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 374 12 if if IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 374 13 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 374 14 were be VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 374 15 able able JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 374 16 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 374 17 do do VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 374 18 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 374 19 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 374 20 then then RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 374 21 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 374 22 only only RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 374 23 then then RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 374 24 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 374 25 would would MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 374 26 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 374 27 unscientific unscientific JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 374 28 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 374 29 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 374 30 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 374 31 theory theory NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 374 32 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 374 33 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 374 34 explain explain VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 374 35 everything everything NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 374 36 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 374 37 explains explain VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 374 38 nothing nothing NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 374 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 374 40 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 375 1 As as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 375 2 said say VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 375 3 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 375 4 Gontier Gontier NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 375 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 375 6 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 375 7 volume volume NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 375 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 375 9 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 375 10 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 375 11 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 375 12 difficult difficult JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 375 13 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 375 14 apply apply VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 375 15 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 375 16 rigid rigid JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 375 17 schemes scheme NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 375 18 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 375 19 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 375 20 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 375 21 culture culture NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 375 22 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 375 23 because because IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 375 24 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 375 25 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 375 26 difficult difficult JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 375 27 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 375 28 pinpoint pinpoint VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 375 29 one one CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 375 30 unit unit NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 375 31 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 375 32 level level NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 375 33 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 375 34 selection selection NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 375 35 within within IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 375 36 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 375 37 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 375 38 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 375 39 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 375 40 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 375 41 culture culture NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 375 42 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 376 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 376 2 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 376 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 376 4 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 376 5 proposed propose VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 376 6 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 376 7 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 376 8 article article NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 376 9 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 376 10 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 376 11 symbiogenetic symbiogenetic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 376 12 view view NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 376 13 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 376 14 complement complement VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 376 15 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 376 16 study study NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 376 17 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 376 18 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 376 19 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 376 20 within within IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 376 21 Neo Neo NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 376 22 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 376 23 Darwinian darwinian JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 376 24 theory theory NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 376 25 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 377 1 Just just RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 377 2 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 377 3 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 377 4 above above JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 377 5 schemes scheme NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 377 6 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 377 7 generalizations generalization NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 377 8 made make VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 377 9 form form NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 377 10 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 377 11 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 377 12 natural natural JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 377 13 selection selection NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 377 14 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 377 15 so so RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 377 16 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 377 17 we -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 377 18 develop develop VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 377 19 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 377 20 general general JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 377 21 framework framework NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 377 22 using use VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 377 23 symbiogenesis symbiogenesis NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 377 24 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 378 1 Freeman Freeman NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 378 2 Dyson Dyson NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 378 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 378 4 1998 1998 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 378 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 378 6 was be VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 378 7 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 378 8 first first JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 378 9 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 378 10 develop develop VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 378 11 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 378 12 ' ' `` cord-016062-h4vjkufn 378 13 universal universal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 378 14 symbiogenesis symbiogenesis NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 378 15 theory theory NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 378 16 ' ' '' cord-016062-h4vjkufn 378 17 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 378 18 he -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 378 19 applied apply VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 378 20 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 378 21 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 378 22 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 378 23 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 378 24 universes universe NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 378 25 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 378 26 stars star NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 378 27 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 378 28 within within IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 378 29 cosmology cosmology NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 378 30 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 379 1 His -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 379 2 definition definition NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 379 3 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 379 4 however however RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 379 5 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 379 6 only only RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 379 7 needs need VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 379 8 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 379 9 few few JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 379 10 adjustments adjustment NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 379 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 379 12 between between IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 379 13 brackets bracket NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 379 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 379 15 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 379 16 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 379 17 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 379 18 useful useful JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 379 19 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 379 20 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 379 21 purpose purpose NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 379 22 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 379 23 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 379 24 article article NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 379 25 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 379 26 " " '' cord-016062-h4vjkufn 380 1 Universal Universal NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 380 2 symbiogenesis symbiogenesis NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 380 3 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 380 4 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 380 5 [ [ -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 380 6 re]attachment re]attachment NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 380 7 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 380 8 two two CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 380 9 [ [ -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 380 10 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 380 11 more more JJR cord-016062-h4vjkufn 380 12 ] ] -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 380 13 structures structure NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 380 14 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 380 15 after after IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 380 16 they -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 380 17 have have VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 380 18 been be VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 380 19 detached detach VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 380 20 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 380 21 each each DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 380 22 other other JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 380 23 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 380 24 have have VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 380 25 evolved evolve VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 380 26 along along IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 380 27 separate separate JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 380 28 paths path NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 380 29 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 380 30 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 380 31 long long JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 380 32 time time NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 380 33 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 380 34 so so IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 380 35 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 380 36 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 380 37 form form VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 380 38 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 380 39 combined combine VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 380 40 structure structure NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 380 41 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 380 42 behaviour behaviour NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 380 43 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 380 44 seen see VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 380 45 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 380 46 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 380 47 separate separate JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 380 48 components component NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 380 49 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 380 50 " " '' cord-016062-h4vjkufn 381 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 381 2 Dyson Dyson NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 381 3 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 381 4 1998 1998 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 381 5 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 381 6 121 121 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 381 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 382 1 Symbiogenesis Symbiogenesis NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 382 2 thus thus RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 382 3 falls fall VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 382 4 into into IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 382 5 place place NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 382 6 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 382 7 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 382 8 form form NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 382 9 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 382 10 emergent emergent JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 382 11 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 382 12 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 382 13 known know VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 382 14 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 382 15 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 382 16 catchy catchy JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 382 17 phrase phrase NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 382 18 ' ' '' cord-016062-h4vjkufn 382 19 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 382 20 whole whole NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 382 21 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 382 22 more more JJR cord-016062-h4vjkufn 382 23 than than IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 382 24 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 382 25 sum sum NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 382 26 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 382 27 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 382 28 parts part NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 382 29 ' ' '' cord-016062-h4vjkufn 382 30 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 1 Within within IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 2 universal universal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 3 symbiogenesis symbiogenesis NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 4 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 5 different different JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 6 elements element NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 8 neither neither CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 9 numbered number VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 10 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 11 advance advance NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 12 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 13 nor nor CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 14 defined define VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 15 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 16 advance advance NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 17 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 18 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 19 implying imply VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 20 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 21 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 22 elements element NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 23 need need VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 24 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 25 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 26 replicated replicate VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 27 faithfully faithfully RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 28 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 29 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 30 have have VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 31 longevity longevity NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 32 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 33 fecundity fecundity NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 35 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 36 evolved evolve VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 37 along along IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 38 separate separate JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 39 lines line NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 41 after after IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 42 they -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 43 got get VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 44 split split VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 45 off off RP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 46 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 47 each each DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 48 other other JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 49 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 50 even even RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 51 when when WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 52 they -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 53 never never RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 54 showed show VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 55 signs sign NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 56 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 57 common common JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 58 descent descent NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 59 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 60 somehow somehow RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 61 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 62 combined combine VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 63 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 64 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 65 new new JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 66 combination combination NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 67 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 68 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 69 structure structure NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 70 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 71 element element NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 72 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 73 has have VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 74 new new JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 75 properties property NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 76 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 77 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 78 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 79 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 80 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 81 reduced reduce VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 82 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 83 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 84 parts part NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 85 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 86 form form VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 87 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 88 new new JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 89 structure structure NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 383 90 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 384 1 This this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 384 2 universal universal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 384 3 symbiogenetic symbiogenetic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 384 4 process process NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 384 5 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 384 6 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 384 7 implemented implement VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 384 8 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 384 9 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 384 10 study study NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 384 11 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 384 12 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 384 13 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 384 14 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 384 15 at at RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 384 16 least least RBS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 384 17 three three CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 384 18 ways way NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 384 19 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 384 20 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 384 21 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 384 22 study study NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 384 23 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 384 24 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 384 25 variation variation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 384 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 384 27 Section section NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 384 28 4 4 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 384 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 384 30 ; ; : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 384 31 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 384 32 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 384 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 384 34 Section section NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 384 35 5 5 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 384 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 384 37 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 384 38 within within IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 384 39 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 384 40 study study NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 384 41 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 384 42 conceptual conceptual JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 384 43 blending blending NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 384 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 384 45 Section section NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 384 46 6 6 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 384 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 384 48 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 385 1 Implicitly implicitly RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 385 2 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 385 3 sociolinguistics sociolinguistics FW cord-016062-h4vjkufn 385 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 385 5 also also RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 385 6 called call VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 385 7 socio socio JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 385 8 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 385 9 historical historical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 385 10 linguistics linguistic NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 385 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 385 12 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 385 13 anthropological anthropological JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 385 14 linguistics linguistics NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 385 15 use use VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 385 16 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 385 17 horizontal horizontal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 385 18 symbiogenetic symbiogenetic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 385 19 concept concept NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 385 20 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 385 21 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 385 22 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 385 23 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 386 1 Sociolinguists Sociolinguists NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 386 2 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 386 3 social social JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 386 4 anthropologists anthropologist NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 386 5 study study VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 386 6 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 386 7 variation variation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 386 8 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 386 9 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 386 10 change change NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 386 11 within within IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 386 12 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 386 13 community community NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 386 14 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 386 15 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 386 16 subpopulation subpopulation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 386 17 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 386 18 that that DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 386 19 community community NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 386 20 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 386 21 most most RBS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 386 22 importantly importantly RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 386 23 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 386 24 they -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 386 25 focus focus VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 386 26 on on IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 386 27 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 386 28 performance performance NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 386 29 level level NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 386 30 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 386 31 they -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 386 32 study study VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 386 33 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 386 34 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 386 35 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 386 36 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 386 37 actually actually RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 386 38 used use VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 386 39 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 386 40 real real JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 386 41 speakers speaker NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 386 42 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 386 43 Croft Croft NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 386 44 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 386 45 2002 2002 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 386 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 386 47 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 387 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 387 2 broaden broaden VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 387 3 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 387 4 linguistic linguistic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 387 5 synchronic synchronic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 387 6 view view NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 387 7 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 387 8 states state VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 387 9 that that DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 387 10 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 387 11 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 387 12 only only RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 387 13 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 387 14 understood understand VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 387 15 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 387 16 within within IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 387 17 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 387 18 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 387 19 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 387 20 use use VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 387 21 diachronic diachronic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 387 22 studies study NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 387 23 as as RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 387 24 well well RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 387 25 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 388 1 Hence hence RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 388 2 they -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 388 3 contextualize contextualize VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 388 4 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 388 5 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 388 6 using use VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 388 7 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 388 8 searching search VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 388 9 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 388 10 political political JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 388 11 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 388 12 economical economical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 388 13 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 388 14 social social JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 388 15 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 388 16 cultural cultural JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 388 17 factors factor NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 388 18 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 388 19 influence influence VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 388 20 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 388 21 effect effect NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 388 22 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 388 23 even even RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 388 24 cause cause VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 388 25 certain certain JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 388 26 types type NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 388 27 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 388 28 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 388 29 behaviour behaviour NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 388 30 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 389 1 Typical typical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 389 2 research research NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 389 3 topics topic NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 389 4 include include VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 389 5 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 389 6 contact contact NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 389 7 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 389 8 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 389 9 borrowing borrowing NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 389 10 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 389 11 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 389 12 mixing mixing NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 389 13 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 389 14 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 389 15 death death NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 389 16 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 389 17 bi bi NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 389 18 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 389 19 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 389 20 plurilingualism plurilingualism NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 389 21 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 389 22 personal personal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 389 23 and/or and/or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 389 24 group group NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 389 25 attitudes attitude NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 389 26 towards towards IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 389 27 certain certain JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 389 28 forms form NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 389 29 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 389 30 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 389 31 use use NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 389 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 389 33 see see VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 389 34 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 389 35 instance instance NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 389 36 Crystal Crystal NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 389 37 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 389 38 2002 2002 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 389 39 ; ; : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 389 40 Nettle Nettle NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 389 41 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 389 42 Romaine Romaine NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 389 43 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 389 44 2002 2002 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 389 45 ; ; : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 389 46 Thomason Thomason NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 389 47 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 389 48 2001 2001 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 389 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 389 50 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 389 51 they -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 389 52 find find VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 389 53 answers answer NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 389 54 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 389 55 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 389 56 why why WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 389 57 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 389 58 aspects aspect NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 389 59 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 389 60 part part NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 389 61 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 389 62 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 389 63 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 390 1 Explanations explanation NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 390 2 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 390 3 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 390 4 reduced reduce VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 390 5 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 390 6 linguistic linguistic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 390 7 structures structure NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 390 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 390 9 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 390 10 example example NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 390 11 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 390 12 relations relation NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 390 13 between between IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 390 14 lexicon lexicon NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 390 15 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 390 16 grammar grammar NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 390 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 390 18 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 390 19 rather rather RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 390 20 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 390 21 elements element NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 390 22 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 390 23 regarded regard VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 390 24 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 390 25 being be VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 390 26 influenced influence VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 390 27 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 390 28 warfare warfare NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 390 29 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 390 30 trade trade NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 390 31 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 390 32 colonialism colonialism NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 390 33 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 390 34 hegemonic hegemonic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 390 35 cultural cultural JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 390 36 factors factor NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 390 37 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 390 38 cultural cultural JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 390 39 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 390 40 social social JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 390 41 markers marker NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 390 42 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 391 1 Pidgin Pidgin NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 391 2 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 391 3 Creole Creole NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 391 4 languages language NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 391 5 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 391 6 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 391 7 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 391 8 view view NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 391 9 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 391 10 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 391 11 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 391 12 comprehended comprehend VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 391 13 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 391 14 static static JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 391 15 manifestations manifestation NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 391 16 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 391 17 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 391 18 proto proto JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 391 19 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 391 20 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 391 21 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 391 22 but but CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 391 23 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 391 24 those those DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 391 25 languages language NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 391 26 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 391 27 give give VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 391 28 us -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 391 29 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 391 30 best good JJS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 391 31 examples example NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 391 32 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 391 33 how how WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 391 34 languages language NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 391 35 change change VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 391 36 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 391 37 vary vary VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 391 38 because because IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 391 39 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 391 40 cultural cultural JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 391 41 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 391 42 political political JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 391 43 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 391 44 social social JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 391 45 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 391 46 economic economic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 391 47 influences influence NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 391 48 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 392 1 These these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 392 2 processes process NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 392 3 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 392 4 already already RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 392 5 well well JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 392 6 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 392 7 often often RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 392 8 described describe VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 392 9 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 392 10 sociolinguists sociolinguist NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 392 11 but but CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 392 12 we -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 392 13 should should MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 392 14 also also RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 392 15 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 392 16 able able JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 392 17 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 392 18 explain explain VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 392 19 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 392 20 phenomena phenomenon NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 392 21 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 392 22 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 392 23 long long JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 392 24 run run NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 392 25 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 392 26 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 392 27 form form VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 392 28 predictions prediction NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 392 29 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 393 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 393 2 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 393 3 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 393 4 normative normative JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 393 5 framework framework NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 393 6 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 393 7 required require VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 393 8 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 393 9 symbiogenesis symbiogenesis NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 393 10 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 393 11 provide provide VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 393 12 that that DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 393 13 framework framework NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 393 14 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 394 1 First first RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 394 2 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 394 3 all all DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 394 4 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 394 5 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 394 6 processes process NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 394 7 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 394 8 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 394 9 variation variation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 394 10 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 394 11 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 394 12 contact contact NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 394 13 resemble resemble VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 394 14 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 394 15 processes process NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 394 16 involved involve VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 394 17 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 394 18 contaminations contamination NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 394 19 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 394 20 viruses virus NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 394 21 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 394 22 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 394 23 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 394 24 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 394 25 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 394 26 at at IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 394 27 work work NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 394 28 at at IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 394 29 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 394 30 level level NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 394 31 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 394 32 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 394 33 population population NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 394 34 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 395 1 As as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 395 2 said say VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 395 3 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 395 4 most most JJS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 395 5 viruses virus NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 395 6 do do VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 395 7 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 395 8 infect infect VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 395 9 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 395 10 sex sex NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 395 11 cells cell NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 395 12 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 395 13 but but CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 395 14 nevertheless nevertheless RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 395 15 stay stay VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 395 16 ' ' `` cord-016062-h4vjkufn 395 17 alive alive JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 395 18 ' ' '' cord-016062-h4vjkufn 395 19 within within IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 395 20 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 395 21 population population NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 395 22 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 395 23 one one CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 395 24 generation generation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 395 25 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 395 26 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 395 27 next next JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 395 28 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 396 1 During during IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 396 2 colonial colonial JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 396 3 times time NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 396 4 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 396 5 example example NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 396 6 thousands thousand NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 396 7 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 396 8 natives native NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 396 9 were be VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 396 10 killed kill VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 396 11 because because IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 396 12 they -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 396 13 got get VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 396 14 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 396 15 measles measle NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 396 16 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 396 17 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 396 18 Western western JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 396 19 colonizers colonizer NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 396 20 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 397 1 Those those DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 397 2 who who WP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 397 3 survived survive VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 397 4 grew grow VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 397 5 resistant resistant JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 397 6 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 397 7 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 397 8 infections infection NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 397 9 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 397 10 now now RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 397 11 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 397 12 measles measle NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 397 13 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 397 14 childhood childhood NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 397 15 diseases disease NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 397 16 just just RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 397 17 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 397 18 they -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 397 19 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 397 20 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 397 21 Western western JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 397 22 countries country NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 397 23 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 398 1 These these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 398 2 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 398 3 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 398 4 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 398 5 result result NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 398 6 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 398 7 genetic genetic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 398 8 adaptations adaptation NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 398 9 towards towards IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 398 10 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 398 11 measles measle NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 398 12 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 399 1 Viruses virus NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 399 2 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 399 3 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 399 4 do do VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 399 5 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 399 6 form form VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 399 7 species specie NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 399 8 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 399 9 but but CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 399 10 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 399 11 distinguishable distinguishable JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 399 12 into into IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 399 13 different different JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 399 14 types type NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 399 15 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 399 16 so so CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 399 17 within within IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 399 18 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 399 19 view view NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 399 20 there there EX cord-016062-h4vjkufn 399 21 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 399 22 no no DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 399 23 need need NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 399 24 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 399 25 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 399 26 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 399 27 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 399 28 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 399 29 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 399 30 species species NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 399 31 metaphor metaphor NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 399 32 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 400 1 Because because IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 400 2 when when WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 400 3 one one CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 400 4 regards regard VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 400 5 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 400 6 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 400 7 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 400 8 species species NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 400 9 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 400 10 one one PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 400 11 gets get VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 400 12 into into IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 400 13 trouble trouble NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 400 14 relating relate VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 400 15 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 400 16 species species NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 400 17 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 400 18 itself -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 400 19 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 400 20 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 400 21 human human JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 400 22 species specie NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 400 23 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 401 1 Secondly secondly RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 401 2 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 401 3 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 401 4 variation variation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 401 5 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 401 6 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 401 7 mixing mixing NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 401 8 also also RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 401 9 resemble resemble VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 401 10 plant plant NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 401 11 hybridization hybridization NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 401 12 processes process NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 401 13 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 402 1 Croft Croft NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 402 2 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 402 3 therefore therefore RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 402 4 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 402 5 introduced introduce VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 402 6 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 402 7 ' ' `` cord-016062-h4vjkufn 402 8 plantish plantish JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 402 9 approach approach NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 402 10 ' ' '' cord-016062-h4vjkufn 402 11 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 402 12 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 402 13 contact contact NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 402 14 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 402 15 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 402 16 change change NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 402 17 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 402 18 " " `` cord-016062-h4vjkufn 402 19 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 402 20 zoöcentric zoöcentric JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 402 21 view view NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 402 22 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 402 23 phylogeny phylogeny NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 402 24 corresponds correspond VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 402 25 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 402 26 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 402 27 family family NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 402 28 tree tree NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 402 29 model model NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 402 30 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 402 31 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 402 32 families family NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 402 33 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 402 34 linguistics linguistics NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 402 35 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 402 36 " " '' cord-016062-h4vjkufn 403 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 403 2 Croft Croft NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 403 3 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 403 4 2000 2000 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 403 5 : : SYM cord-016062-h4vjkufn 403 6 196 196 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 403 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 404 1 " " `` cord-016062-h4vjkufn 404 2 In in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 404 3 biology biology NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 404 4 there there EX cord-016062-h4vjkufn 404 5 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 404 6 very very RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 404 7 similar similar JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 404 8 phenomena phenomenon NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 404 9 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 404 10 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 404 11 contact contact NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 404 12 once once RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 404 13 one one CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 404 14 leaves leave VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 404 15 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 404 16 animal animal NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 404 17 kingdom kingdom NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 404 18 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 404 19 moving move VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 404 20 no no RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 404 21 further far RBR cord-016062-h4vjkufn 404 22 than than IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 404 23 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 404 24 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 404 25 plant plant NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 404 26 kingdom kingdom NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 404 27 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 404 28 " " '' cord-016062-h4vjkufn 405 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 405 2 Croft Croft NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 405 3 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 405 4 2000 2000 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 405 5 : : SYM cord-016062-h4vjkufn 405 6 198 198 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 405 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 406 1 Thirdly thirdly RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 406 2 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 406 3 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 406 4 symbiogenesis symbiogenesis NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 406 5 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 406 6 occur occur VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 406 7 very very RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 406 8 rapidly rapidly RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 406 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 406 10 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 406 11 one one CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 406 12 generation generation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 406 13 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 406 14 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 406 15 next next JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 406 16 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 406 17 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 406 18 penetrated penetrate VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 406 19 each each DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 406 20 other other JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 406 21 through through IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 406 22 cannibalism cannibalism NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 406 23 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 406 24 enforced enforce VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 406 25 parasitism parasitism NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 406 26 leading lead VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 406 27 at at IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 406 28 once once RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 406 29 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 406 30 eukaryotic eukaryotic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 406 31 beings being NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 406 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 406 33 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 406 34 so so RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 406 35 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 406 36 variation variation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 406 37 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 406 38 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 406 39 contact contact NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 406 40 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 406 41 something something NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 406 42 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 406 43 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 406 44 occur occur VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 406 45 very very RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 406 46 rapidly rapidly RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 406 47 within within IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 406 48 different different JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 406 49 members member NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 406 50 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 406 51 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 406 52 same same JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 406 53 population population NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 406 54 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 1 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 2 Creolization Creolization NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 3 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 4 Pidgin Pidgin NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 5 languages language NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 6 mostly mostly RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 7 happens happen VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 8 very very RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 9 quickly quickly RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 10 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 11 especially especially RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 12 when when WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 13 children child NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 14 learn learn VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 15 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 16 Pidgin Pidgin NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 17 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 18 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 19 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 20 first first JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 21 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 23 Bickerton Bickerton NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 24 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 25 2002 2002 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 27 ; ; : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 28 but but CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 29 when when WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 30 we -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 31 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 32 instance instance NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 33 look look VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 34 at at IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 35 certain certain JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 36 dialects dialect NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 37 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 38 different different JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 39 uses use NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 40 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 41 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 42 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 43 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 44 result result NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 45 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 46 different different JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 47 ages age NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 48 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 49 we -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 50 too too RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 51 find find VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 52 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 53 they -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 54 adhere adhere VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 55 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 56 rapid rapid JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 57 changes change NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 58 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 59 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 60 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 61 teenager teenager NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 62 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 63 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 64 popular popular JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 65 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 66 use use VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 67 ' ' `` cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 68 slang slang NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 69 ' ' '' cord-016062-h4vjkufn 407 70 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 408 1 These these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 408 2 teenagers teenager NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 408 3 also also RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 408 4 know know VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 408 5 how how WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 408 6 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 408 7 use use VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 408 8 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 408 9 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 408 10 ' ' '' cord-016062-h4vjkufn 408 11 properly properly RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 408 12 ' ' '' cord-016062-h4vjkufn 408 13 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 408 14 when when WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 408 15 they -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 408 16 work work VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 408 17 on on IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 408 18 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 408 19 weekend weekend NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 408 20 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 408 21 go go VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 408 22 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 408 23 school school NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 408 24 they -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 408 25 use use VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 408 26 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 408 27 proper proper JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 408 28 form form NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 408 29 ; ; : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 408 30 while while IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 408 31 going go VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 408 32 out out RP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 408 33 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 408 34 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 408 35 friends friend NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 408 36 they -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 408 37 use use VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 408 38 slang slang NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 408 39 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 409 1 New new JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 409 2 words word NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 409 3 get get VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 409 4 introduced introduce VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 409 5 very very RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 409 6 rapidly rapidly RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 409 7 ; ; : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 409 8 who who WP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 409 9 used use VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 409 10 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 409 11 word word NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 409 12 computer computer NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 409 13 before before IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 409 14 1950 1950 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 409 15 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 409 16 who who WP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 409 17 did do VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 409 18 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 409 19 know know VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 409 20 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 409 21 word word NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 409 22 after after IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 409 23 1960 1960 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 409 24 ? ? . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 410 1 Fourthly fourthly RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 410 2 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 410 3 Neo Neo NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 410 4 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 410 5 Darwinian darwinian JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 410 6 theory theory NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 410 7 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 410 8 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 410 9 cope cope VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 410 10 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 410 11 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 410 12 different different JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 410 13 aspects aspect NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 410 14 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 410 15 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 410 16 variation variation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 410 17 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 410 18 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 410 19 change change NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 410 20 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 411 1 That that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 411 2 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 411 3 instance instance NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 411 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 411 5 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 411 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 411 7 gets get VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 411 8 pronounced pronounce VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 411 9 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 411 10 [ [ -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 411 11 ae ae NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 411 12 ] ] -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 411 13 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 411 14 one one CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 411 15 subgroup subgroup NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 411 16 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 411 17 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 411 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 411 19 e e NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 411 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 411 21 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 411 22 another another DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 411 23 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 411 24 would would MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 411 25 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 411 26 comprehended comprehend VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 411 27 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 411 28 individual individual JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 411 29 variation variation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 411 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 411 31 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 411 32 opposed oppose VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 411 33 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 411 34 mutation mutation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 411 35 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 411 36 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 411 37 introduce introduce VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 411 38 novelty novelty NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 411 39 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 411 40 what what WP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 411 41 would would MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 411 42 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 411 43 translated translate VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 411 44 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 411 45 linguistics linguistics NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 411 46 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 411 47 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 411 48 introduction introduction NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 411 49 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 411 50 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 411 51 whole whole JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 411 52 new new JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 411 53 vowel vowel NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 411 54 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 411 55 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 412 1 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 412 2 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 412 3 at at IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 412 4 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 412 5 base base NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 412 6 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 412 7 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 412 8 variation variation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 412 9 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 412 10 however however RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 412 11 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 412 12 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 412 13 get get VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 412 14 comprehended comprehend VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 412 15 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 412 16 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 412 17 form form NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 412 18 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 412 19 horizontal horizontal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 412 20 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 412 21 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 412 22 just just RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 412 23 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 412 24 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 412 25 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 412 26 exchange exchange VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 412 27 genetic genetic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 412 28 material material NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 412 29 freely freely RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 412 30 within within IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 412 31 one one CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 412 32 generation generation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 412 33 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 412 34 so so IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 412 35 languages language NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 412 36 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 412 37 exchange exchange VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 412 38 grammatical grammatical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 412 39 structures structure NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 412 40 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 412 41 vowels vowel NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 412 42 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 412 43 phonological phonological JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 412 44 elements element NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 412 45 freely freely RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 412 46 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 413 1 Languages language NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 413 2 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 413 3 therefore therefore RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 413 4 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 413 5 show show VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 413 6 more more JJR cord-016062-h4vjkufn 413 7 resemblance resemblance NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 413 8 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 413 9 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 413 10 types type NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 413 11 than than IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 413 12 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 413 13 rigid rigid JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 413 14 species specie NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 413 15 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 414 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 414 2 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 414 3 leave leave VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 414 4 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 414 5 coffee coffee NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 414 6 shop shop NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 414 7 saying say VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 414 8 we -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 414 9 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 414 10 going go VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 414 11 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 414 12 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 414 13 [ [ -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 414 14 pàrtee pàrtee NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 414 15 ] ] -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 414 16 instead instead RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 414 17 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 414 18 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 414 19 party party NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 414 20 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 415 1 Freely freely RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 415 2 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 415 3 course course NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 415 4 has have VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 415 5 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 415 6 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 415 7 taken take VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 415 8 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 415 9 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 415 10 grain grain NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 415 11 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 415 12 salt salt NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 415 13 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 415 14 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 415 15 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 415 16 even even RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 415 17 though though IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 415 18 they -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 415 19 donate donate VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 415 20 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 415 21 receive receive VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 415 22 genetic genetic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 415 23 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 415 24 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 415 25 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 415 26 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 415 27 change change VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 415 28 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 415 29 type type NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 415 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 415 31 spirochetes spirochete NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 415 32 will will MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 415 33 never never RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 415 34 become become VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 415 35 cyanobacteria cyanobacteria NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 415 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 415 37 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 416 1 That that DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 416 2 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 416 3 why why WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 416 4 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 416 5 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 416 6 important important JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 416 7 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 416 8 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 416 9 so so RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 416 10 much much JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 416 11 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 416 12 study study VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 416 13 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 416 14 potential potential NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 416 15 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 416 16 but but CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 416 17 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 416 18 constraints constraint NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 416 19 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 416 20 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 416 21 organisms organism NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 416 22 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 417 1 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 417 2 same same JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 417 3 goes go VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 417 4 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 417 5 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 417 6 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 417 7 rather rather RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 417 8 than than IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 417 9 applying apply VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 417 10 an an DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 417 11 adaptationist adaptationist JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 417 12 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 417 13 functionalistic functionalistic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 417 14 approach approach NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 417 15 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 417 16 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 418 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 418 2 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 418 3 what what WP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 418 4 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 418 5 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 418 6 question question NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 419 1 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 419 2 automatically automatically RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 419 3 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 419 4 teleologically teleologically RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 419 5 directs direct VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 419 6 itself -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 419 7 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 419 8 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 419 9 future future NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 419 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 419 11 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 419 12 one one PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 419 13 should should MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 419 14 study study VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 419 15 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 419 16 constraints constraint NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 419 17 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 419 18 has have VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 419 19 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 419 20 ask ask VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 419 21 how how WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 419 22 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 419 23 when when WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 419 24 - - : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 419 25 questions question NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 419 26 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 419 27 direct direct VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 419 28 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 419 29 quest quest NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 419 30 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 419 31 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 419 32 past past NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 419 33 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 419 34 which which WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 419 35 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 419 36 more more RBR cord-016062-h4vjkufn 419 37 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 419 38 when when WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 419 39 studying study VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 419 40 origins origin NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 419 41 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 419 42 evolutions evolution NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 419 43 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 420 1 Hurst Hurst NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 420 2 et et NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 420 3 al al NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 420 4 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 421 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 421 2 1990 1990 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 421 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 421 4 was be VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 421 5 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 421 6 first first JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 421 7 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 421 8 report report VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 421 9 on on IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 421 10 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 421 11 KE KE NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 421 12 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 421 13 family family NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 421 14 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 421 15 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 421 16 British british JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 421 17 family family NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 421 18 where where WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 421 19 half half NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 421 20 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 421 21 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 421 22 family family NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 421 23 members member NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 421 24 suffer suffer VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 421 25 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 421 26 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 421 27 severe severe JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 421 28 speech speech NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 421 29 disorder disorder NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 421 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 421 31 at at IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 421 32 that that DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 421 33 time time NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 421 34 diagnosed diagnose VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 421 35 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 421 36 articulatory articulatory JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 421 37 dyspraxia dyspraxia NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 421 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 421 39 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 421 40 affects affect VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 421 41 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 421 42 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 421 43 skills skill NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 421 44 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 422 1 This this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 422 2 pathology pathology NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 422 3 was be VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 422 4 later later RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 422 5 on on IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 422 6 diagnosed diagnose VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 422 7 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 422 8 Specific specific JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 422 9 Language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 422 10 Impairment impairment NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 422 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 422 12 SLI SLI NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 422 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 422 14 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 422 15 because because IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 422 16 besides besides IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 422 17 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 422 18 overall overall JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 422 19 orofacial orofacial JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 422 20 an an DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 422 21 oromotor oromotor NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 422 22 dyspraxia dyspraxia NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 422 23 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 422 24 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 422 25 pathology pathology NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 422 26 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 422 27 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 422 28 affected affected JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 422 29 KE KE NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 422 30 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 422 31 family family NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 422 32 members member NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 422 33 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 422 34 also also RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 422 35 noticeable noticeable JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 422 36 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 422 37 nonverbal nonverbal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 422 38 orofacial orofacial JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 422 39 movements movement NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 423 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 423 2 Vargha Vargha NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 423 3 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 423 4 Khadem Khadem NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 423 5 et et NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 423 6 al al NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 423 7 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 424 1 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 424 2 1995 1995 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 424 3 ; ; : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 424 4 Alcock Alcock NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 424 5 et et NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 424 6 al al NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 424 7 . . NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 424 8 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 424 9 2000 2000 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 424 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 424 11 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 424 12 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 424 13 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 424 14 receptive receptive JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 424 15 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 424 16 skills skill NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 424 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 424 18 Vargha Vargha NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 424 19 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 424 20 Khadem Khadem NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 424 21 et et NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 424 22 al al NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 424 23 . . NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 424 24 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 424 25 1995 1995 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 424 26 Watkins Watkins NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 424 27 et et NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 424 28 al al NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 424 29 . . NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 424 30 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 424 31 2002 2002 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 424 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 424 33 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 424 34 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 424 35 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 424 36 brain brain NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 424 37 structures structure NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 424 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 424 39 Vargha Vargha NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 424 40 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 424 41 Khadem Khadem NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 424 42 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 424 43 1998 1998 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 424 44 ; ; : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 424 45 Liégeois Liégeois NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 424 46 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 424 47 2003 2003 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 424 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 424 49 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 425 1 In in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 425 2 2000 2000 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 425 3 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 425 4 Lai Lai NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 425 5 et et NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 425 6 al al NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 425 7 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 425 8 narrowed narrow VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 425 9 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 425 10 search search NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 425 11 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 425 12 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 425 13 gene gene NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 425 14 responsible responsible JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 425 15 down down RP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 425 16 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 425 17 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 425 18 specific specific JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 425 19 region region NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 425 20 on on IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 425 21 chromosome chromosome NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 425 22 7 7 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 425 23 called call VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 425 24 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 425 25 SPCH1 SPCH1 NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 425 26 region region NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 425 27 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 425 28 finally finally RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 425 29 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 425 30 gene gene NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 425 31 presumed presume VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 425 32 responsible responsible JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 425 33 was be VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 425 34 identified identify VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 425 35 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 425 36 called call VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 425 37 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 425 38 FOX FOX NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 425 39 P2 P2 NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 425 40 gene gene NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 425 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 425 42 Forkhead Forkhead NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 425 43 Box Box NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 425 44 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 425 45 P2 P2 NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 425 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 425 47 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 426 1 Within within IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 426 2 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 426 3 affected affected JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 426 4 family family NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 426 5 members member NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 426 6 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 426 7 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 426 8 gene gene NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 426 9 has have VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 426 10 undergone undergo VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 426 11 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 426 12 point point NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 426 13 mutation mutation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 427 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 427 2 Lai Lai NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 427 3 et et FW cord-016062-h4vjkufn 427 4 al al NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 427 5 . . NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 427 6 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 427 7 2000 2000 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 427 8 ; ; : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 428 1 Lai Lai NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 428 2 et et NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 428 3 al al NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 428 4 . . NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 428 5 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 428 6 2001 2001 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 428 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 428 8 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 429 1 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 429 2 FOX FOX NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 429 3 P2 P2 NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 429 4 gene gene NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 429 5 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 429 6 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 429 7 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 429 8 gene gene NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 429 9 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 429 10 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 429 11 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 429 12 divided divide VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 429 13 into into IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 429 14 two two CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 429 15 parts part NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 429 16 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 429 17 one one CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 429 18 part part NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 429 19 contains contain VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 429 20 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 429 21 large large JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 429 22 polyglutamine polyglutamine JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 429 23 tract tract NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 429 24 ; ; : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 429 25 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 429 26 other other JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 429 27 part part NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 429 28 contains contain VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 429 29 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 429 30 forkhead forkhead JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 429 31 DNA dna NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 429 32 binding binding NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 429 33 domain domain NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 429 34 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 429 35 meaning mean VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 429 36 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 429 37 part part NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 429 38 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 429 39 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 429 40 gene gene NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 429 41 produces produce VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 429 42 helix helix NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 429 43 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 429 44 turnhelix turnhelix VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 429 45 proteins protein NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 429 46 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 429 47 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 429 48 able able JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 429 49 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 429 50 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 429 51 dis)activate dis)activate JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 429 52 other other JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 429 53 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 429 54 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 429 55 thereby thereby RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 429 56 influencing influence VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 429 57 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 429 58 regulating regulate VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 429 59 development development NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 429 60 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 430 1 Enard Enard NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 430 2 's 's POS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 430 3 team team NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 430 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 430 5 2002 2002 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 430 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 430 7 showed show VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 430 8 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 430 9 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 430 10 human human JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 430 11 FOX FOX NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 430 12 P2 P2 NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 430 13 protein protein NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 430 14 has have VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 430 15 undergone undergo VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 430 16 two two CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 430 17 amino amino NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 430 18 acid acid NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 430 19 sequence sequence NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 430 20 substitutes substitute NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 430 21 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 430 22 occurred occur VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 430 23 solely solely RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 430 24 within within IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 430 25 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 430 26 human human JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 430 27 lineage lineage NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 430 28 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 430 29 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 430 30 fixed fix VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 430 31 within within IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 430 32 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 430 33 human human JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 430 34 population population NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 430 35 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 431 1 This this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 431 2 fixation fixation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 431 3 converges converge VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 431 4 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 431 5 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 431 6 emergence emergence NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 431 7 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 431 8 anatomically anatomically RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 431 9 modern modern JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 431 10 humans human NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 431 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 431 12 presumed presume VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 431 13 200,000 200,000 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 431 14 years year NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 431 15 old old JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 431 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 432 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 432 2 Enard Enard NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 432 3 et et NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 432 4 al al NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 432 5 . . NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 432 6 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 432 7 2002 2002 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 432 8 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 432 9 869 869 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 432 10 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 432 11 870 870 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 432 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 432 13 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 1 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 2 FOX FOX NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 3 P2 P2 NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 4 gene gene NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 5 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 6 however however RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 7 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 8 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 9 an an DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 10 old old JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 11 gene gene NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 12 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 13 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 14 very very RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 15 well well RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 16 conserved conserve VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 17 throughout throughout IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 18 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 19 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 20 since since IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 21 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 22 diversification diversification NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 23 between between IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 24 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 25 lineages lineage NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 26 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 27 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 28 mouse mouse NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 29 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 30 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 31 lineage lineage NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 32 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 33 would would MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 34 evolve evolve VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 35 humans human NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 36 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 37 70 70 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 38 million million CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 39 years year NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 40 ago ago RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 41 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 42 there there EX cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 43 has have VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 44 been be VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 45 only only RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 46 one one CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 47 amino amino NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 48 acid acid NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 49 substitution substitution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 50 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 51 which which WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 52 makes make VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 53 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 54 FOX FOX NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 55 P2 P2 NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 56 gene gene NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 57 one one CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 58 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 59 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 60 5 5 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 61 % % NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 62 most most RBS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 63 conserved conserved JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 64 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 65 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 66 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 433 67 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 434 1 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 434 2 FOX FOX NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 434 3 P2 P2 NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 434 4 gene gene NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 434 5 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 434 6 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 434 7 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 434 8 however however RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 434 9 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 434 10 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 434 11 called call VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 434 12 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 434 13 specific specific JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 434 14 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 434 15 gene gene NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 434 16 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 434 17 because because IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 434 18 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 434 19 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 434 20 also also RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 434 21 activated activate VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 434 22 during during IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 434 23 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 434 24 development development NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 434 25 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 434 26 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 434 27 heart heart NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 434 28 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 434 29 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 434 30 lungs lung NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 434 31 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 434 32 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 434 33 gut gut NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 434 34 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 434 35 nor nor CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 434 36 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 434 37 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 434 38 specifically specifically RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 434 39 human human JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 434 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 434 41 given give VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 434 42 that that DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 434 43 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 434 44 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 434 45 uniquely uniquely RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 434 46 human human JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 434 47 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 434 48 one one PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 434 49 would would MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 434 50 assume assume VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 434 51 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 434 52 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 434 53 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 434 54 would would MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 434 55 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 434 56 as as RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 434 57 well well RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 434 58 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 434 59 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 435 1 This this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 435 2 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 435 3 however however RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 435 4 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 435 5 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 435 6 typical typical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 435 7 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 435 8 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 435 9 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 435 10 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 436 1 Regulatory regulatory JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 436 2 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 436 3 differ differ VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 436 4 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 436 5 structural structural JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 436 6 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 436 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 436 8 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 436 9 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 436 10 encode encode VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 436 11 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 436 12 proteins protein NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 436 13 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 436 14 make make VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 436 15 tissue tissue NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 436 16 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 436 17 eventually eventually RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 436 18 leads lead VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 436 19 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 436 20 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 436 21 formation formation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 436 22 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 436 23 an an DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 436 24 organism organism NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 436 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 436 26 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 436 27 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 436 28 they -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 436 29 produce produce VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 436 30 proteins protein NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 436 31 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 436 32 return return VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 436 33 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 436 34 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 436 35 helix helix NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 436 36 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 437 1 These these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 437 2 have have VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 437 3 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 437 4 amazing amazing JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 437 5 property property NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 437 6 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 437 7 being be VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 437 8 able able JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 437 9 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 437 10 switch switch VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 437 11 other other JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 437 12 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 437 13 on on IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 437 14 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 437 15 off off RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 437 16 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 437 17 thereby thereby RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 437 18 influencing influence VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 437 19 development development NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 437 20 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 438 1 Regulatory regulatory JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 438 2 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 438 3 were be VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 438 4 first first RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 438 5 discovered discover VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 438 6 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 438 7 1975 1975 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 438 8 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 438 9 King King NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 438 10 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 438 11 Wilson Wilson NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 438 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 438 13 1975 1975 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 438 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 438 15 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 439 1 Ten ten CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 439 2 years year NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 439 3 ago ago RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 439 4 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 439 5 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 439 6 Homeobox Homeobox NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 439 7 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 439 8 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 439 9 was be VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 439 10 found find VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 439 11 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 439 12 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 439 13 genome genome NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 440 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 440 2 Robertis Robertis NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 440 3 et et NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 440 4 al al NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 440 5 . . NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 440 6 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 440 7 1990 1990 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 440 8 ; ; : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 440 9 Melton Melton NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 440 10 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 440 11 1991 1991 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 440 12 ; ; : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 440 13 Wolpert Wolpert NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 440 14 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 440 15 1991 1991 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 440 16 Wolpert Wolpert NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 440 17 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 440 18 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 440 19 1998 1998 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 440 20 McGinnis McGinnis NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 440 21 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 440 22 Kuziora Kuziora NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 440 23 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 440 24 1994 1994 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 440 25 ; ; : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 440 26 Gehring Gehring NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 440 27 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 440 28 1998 1998 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 440 29 ; ; : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 440 30 Davidson Davidson NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 440 31 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 440 32 2001 2001 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 440 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 440 34 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 441 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 441 2 share share VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 441 3 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 441 4 almost almost RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 441 5 all all DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 441 6 eukaryotic eukaryotic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 441 7 organisms organism NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 441 8 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 441 9 Homeobox Homeobox NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 441 10 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 441 11 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 441 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 441 13 called call VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 441 14 HOX HOX NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 441 15 -genes -genes NNPS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 441 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 441 17 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 441 18 regulates regulate VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 441 19 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 441 20 development development NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 441 21 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 441 22 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 441 23 anatomical anatomical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 441 24 body body NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 441 25 plans plan NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 441 26 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 442 1 Even even RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 442 2 more more RBR cord-016062-h4vjkufn 442 3 interesting interesting JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 442 4 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 442 5 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 442 6 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 442 7 same same JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 442 8 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 442 9 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 442 10 contribute contribute VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 442 11 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 442 12 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 442 13 development development NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 442 14 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 442 15 different different JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 442 16 species specie NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 442 17 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 442 18 because because IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 442 19 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 442 20 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 442 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 442 22 dis)activation dis)activation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 442 23 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 442 24 elongation elongation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 442 25 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 442 26 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 442 27 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 442 28 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 442 29 during during IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 442 30 different different JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 442 31 times time NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 442 32 at at IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 442 33 different different JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 442 34 regions region NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 442 35 during during IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 442 36 development development NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 442 37 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 443 1 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 443 2 same same JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 443 3 gene gene NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 443 4 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 443 5 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 443 6 instance instance NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 443 7 lies lie VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 443 8 at at IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 443 9 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 443 10 basis basis NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 443 11 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 443 12 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 443 13 development development NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 443 14 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 443 15 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 443 16 radial radial JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 443 17 symmetrical symmetrical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 443 18 body body NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 443 19 plan plan NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 443 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 443 21 such such JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 443 22 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 443 23 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 443 24 sea sea NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 443 25 star star NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 443 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 443 27 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 443 28 also also RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 443 29 lies lie VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 443 30 at at IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 443 31 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 443 32 basis basis NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 443 33 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 443 34 bilateral bilateral JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 443 35 symmetrical symmetrical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 443 36 animals animal NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 443 37 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 443 38 such such JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 443 39 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 443 40 humans human NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 443 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 443 42 Schwartz Schwartz NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 443 43 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 443 44 1999 1999 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 443 45 ; ; : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 443 46 Gontier Gontier NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 443 47 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 443 48 2004 2004 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 443 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 443 50 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 444 1 FOX FOX NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 444 2 -genes -genes NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 444 3 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 444 4 which which WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 444 5 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 444 6 FOX FOX NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 444 7 P2 P2 NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 444 8 gene gene NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 444 9 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 444 10 part part NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 444 11 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 444 12 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 444 13 differ differ VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 444 14 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 444 15 HOX HOX NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 444 16 -genes -genes : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 444 17 because because IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 444 18 they -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 444 19 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 444 20 spread spread VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 444 21 throughout throughout IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 444 22 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 444 23 genome genome NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 444 24 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 444 25 but but CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 444 26 they -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 444 27 share share VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 444 28 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 444 29 functional functional JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 444 30 properties property NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 444 31 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 444 32 HOX HOX NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 444 33 -genes -gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 444 34 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 444 35 when when WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 444 36 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 444 37 comes come VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 444 38 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 444 39 switching switch VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 444 40 other other JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 444 41 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 444 42 on on IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 444 43 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 444 44 off off RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 444 45 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 1 These these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 2 ontogenetic ontogenetic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 3 processes process NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 4 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 5 gene gene NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 6 activation activation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 7 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 8 disactivation disactivation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 9 need need VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 10 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 11 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 12 comprehended comprehend VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 13 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 14 within within IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 15 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 16 universal universal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 17 symbiotic symbiotic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 18 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 19 hence hence RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 20 horizontal horizontal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 21 point point NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 22 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 23 view view NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 24 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 25 because because IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 26 different different JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 27 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 28 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 29 after after IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 30 they -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 31 have have VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 32 evolved evolve VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 33 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 34 different different JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 35 ways way NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 36 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 37 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 38 were be VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 40 dis)activated dis)activate VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 41 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 42 different different JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 43 regions region NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 44 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 45 periods period NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 46 during during IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 47 ontogeny ontogeny NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 48 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 49 phylogeny phylogeny NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 50 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 51 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 52 start start VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 53 interacting interact VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 54 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 55 new new JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 56 ways way NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 57 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 58 which which WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 59 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 60 lead lead VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 61 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 62 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 63 development development NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 64 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 65 new new JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 66 structures structure NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 67 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 68 even even RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 69 new new JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 70 species specie NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 445 71 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 446 1 Hence hence RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 446 2 contextualization contextualization NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 446 3 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 446 4 emergentism emergentism NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 446 5 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 446 6 what what WP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 446 7 matters matter NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 446 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 446 9 Gontier Gontier NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 446 10 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 446 11 2004 2004 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 446 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 446 13 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 446 14 because because IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 446 15 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 446 16 newly newly RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 446 17 developed develop VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 446 18 features feature NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 446 19 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 446 20 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 446 21 reducible reducible JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 446 22 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 446 23 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 446 24 mere mere JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 446 25 elements element NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 446 26 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 446 27 make make VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 446 28 them -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 446 29 up up RP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 446 30 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 447 1 7 7 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 447 2 Neo Neo NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 447 3 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 447 4 Darwinian darwinian JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 447 5 theory theory NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 447 6 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 447 7 which which WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 447 8 tries try VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 447 9 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 447 10 explain explain VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 447 11 vertical vertical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 447 12 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 447 13 using use VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 447 14 mathematical mathematical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 447 15 algorithms algorithm NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 447 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 447 17 Dennett Dennett NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 447 18 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 447 19 1995 1995 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 447 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 447 21 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 447 22 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 447 23 explain explain VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 447 24 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 447 25 phenomena phenomenon NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 447 26 using use VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 447 27 merely merely RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 447 28 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 447 29 algorithms algorithm NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 447 30 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 448 1 An an DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 448 2 algorithm algorithm NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 448 3 basically basically RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 448 4 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 448 5 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 448 6 linear linear JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 448 7 binary binary JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 448 8 system system NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 448 9 combined combine VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 448 10 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 448 11 logic logic NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 448 12 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 449 1 if if IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 449 2 gene gene NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 449 3 A A NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 449 4 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 449 5 activated activate VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 449 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 449 7 1 1 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 449 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 449 9 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 449 10 then then RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 449 11 amino amino NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 449 12 acid acid NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 449 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 449 14 a a NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 449 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 449 16 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 449 17 formed form VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 449 18 ; ; : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 449 19 if if IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 449 20 gene gene NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 449 21 A A NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 449 22 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 449 23 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 449 24 activated activate VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 449 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 449 26 0 0 NFP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 449 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 450 1 then then RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 450 2 amino amino NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 450 3 acid acid NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 450 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 450 5 a a NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 450 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 450 7 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 450 8 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 450 9 formed form VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 450 10 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 451 1 Eventually eventually RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 451 2 we -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 451 3 7 7 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 452 1 An an DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 452 2 observation observation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 452 3 also also RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 452 4 made make VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 452 5 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 452 6 Adoutte Adoutte NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 452 7 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 452 8 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 452 9 somewhat somewhat RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 452 10 different different JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 452 11 context context NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 452 12 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 452 13 " " '' cord-016062-h4vjkufn 453 1 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 453 2 new new JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 453 3 molecular molecular JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 453 4 based base VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 453 5 phylogeny phylogeny NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 453 6 has have VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 453 7 several several JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 453 8 important important JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 453 9 implications implication NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 453 10 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 454 1 Foremost foremost RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 454 2 among among IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 454 3 them -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 454 4 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 454 5 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 454 6 disappearance disappearance NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 454 7 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 454 8 " " `` cord-016062-h4vjkufn 454 9 intermediate intermediate JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 454 10 " " '' cord-016062-h4vjkufn 454 11 taxa taxon NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 454 12 [ [ '' cord-016062-h4vjkufn 454 13 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 454 14 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 454 15 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 454 16 ] ] -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 455 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 455 2 have have VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 455 3 lost lose VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 455 4 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 455 5 hope hope NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 455 6 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 455 7 so so RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 455 8 common common JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 455 9 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 455 10 older old JJR cord-016062-h4vjkufn 455 11 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 455 12 reasoning reasoning NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 455 13 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 455 14 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 455 15 reconstructing reconstruct VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 455 16 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 455 17 morphology morphology NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 455 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 455 19 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 455 20 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 455 21 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 455 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 456 1 through through IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 456 2 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 456 3 scenario scenario NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 456 4 involving involve VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 456 5 successive successive JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 456 6 grades grade NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 456 7 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 456 8 increasing increase VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 456 9 complexity complexity NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 456 10 based base VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 456 11 on on IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 456 12 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 456 13 anatomy anatomy NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 456 14 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 456 15 extant extant JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 456 16 " " `` cord-016062-h4vjkufn 456 17 primitive primitive JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 456 18 " " '' cord-016062-h4vjkufn 456 19 lineages lineage NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 456 20 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 457 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 457 2 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 457 3 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 457 4 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 457 5 ] ] -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 458 1 In in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 458 2 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 458 3 respect respect NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 458 4 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 458 5 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 458 6 situation situation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 458 7 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 458 8 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 458 9 unlike unlike IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 458 10 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 458 11 new new JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 458 12 perspective perspective NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 458 13 emerging emerge VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 458 14 on on IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 458 15 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 458 16 phylogeny phylogeny NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 458 17 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 458 18 eukaryotes eukaryote NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 458 19 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 458 20 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 458 21 whole whole NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 458 22 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 458 23 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 458 24 which which WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 458 25 most most JJS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 458 26 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 458 27 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 458 28 formerly formerly RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 458 29 intermediate intermediate JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 458 30 taxa taxon NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 458 31 have have VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 458 32 been be VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 458 33 pulled pull VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 458 34 upwards upwards RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 458 35 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 458 36 " " '' cord-016062-h4vjkufn 459 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 459 2 Adoutte Adoutte NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 459 3 et et NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 459 4 al al NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 459 5 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 460 1 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 460 2 2000 2000 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 460 3 : : SYM cord-016062-h4vjkufn 460 4 4455 4455 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 460 5 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 460 6 my -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 460 7 emphasis emphasis NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 460 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 460 9 get get VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 460 10 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 460 11 treelike treelike JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 460 12 top top JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 460 13 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 460 14 down down RP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 460 15 structure structure NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 460 16 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 460 17 tries try VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 460 18 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 460 19 explain explain VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 460 20 how how WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 460 21 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 460 22 encode encode VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 460 23 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 460 24 features feature NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 460 25 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 461 1 However however RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 461 2 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 461 3 when when WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 461 4 we -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 461 5 look look VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 461 6 at at IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 461 7 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 461 8 activation activation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 461 9 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 461 10 disactivation disactivation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 461 11 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 461 12 different different JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 461 13 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 461 14 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 461 15 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 461 16 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 461 17 network network NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 461 18 develops develop VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 461 19 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 461 20 where where WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 461 21 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 461 22 if if IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 461 23 some some DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 461 24 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 461 25 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 461 26 activated activate VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 461 27 during during IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 461 28 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 461 29 certain certain JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 461 30 period period NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 461 31 at at IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 461 32 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 461 33 certain certain JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 461 34 region region NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 461 35 within within IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 461 36 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 461 37 individual individual NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 461 38 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 461 39 than than IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 461 40 other other JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 461 41 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 461 42 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 461 43 switched switch VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 461 44 on on IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 461 45 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 461 46 off off RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 461 47 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 461 48 proteins protein NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 461 49 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 461 50 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 461 51 encoded encode VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 461 52 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 461 53 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 461 54 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 461 55 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 461 56 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 462 1 How how WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 462 2 many many JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 462 3 proteins protein NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 462 4 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 462 5 produced produce VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 462 6 depends depend VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 462 7 upon upon IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 462 8 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 462 9 activation activation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 462 10 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 462 11 certain certain JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 462 12 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 462 13 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 462 14 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 462 15 locus locus NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 462 16 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 462 17 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 462 18 time time NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 462 19 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 462 20 development development NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 462 21 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 463 1 Regulatory regulatory JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 463 2 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 463 3 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 463 4 characterized characterize VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 463 5 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 463 6 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 463 7 pleiotropic pleiotropic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 463 8 effects effect NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 463 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 463 10 Gehring Gehring NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 463 11 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 463 12 1998 1998 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 463 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 463 14 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 463 15 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 463 16 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 463 17 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 463 18 get get VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 463 19 formalized formalize VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 463 20 using use VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 463 21 mere mere JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 463 22 algorithms algorithm NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 463 23 alone alone RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 463 24 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 464 1 At at IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 464 2 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 464 3 very very RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 464 4 least least JJS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 464 5 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 464 6 non non JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 464 7 - - JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 464 8 linear linear JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 464 9 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 464 10 need need VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 464 11 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 464 12 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 464 13 interwoven interweave VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 464 14 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 464 15 Boolean boolean JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 464 16 operators operator NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 464 17 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 465 1 And and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 465 2 even even RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 465 3 then then RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 465 4 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 465 5 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 465 6 difficult difficult JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 465 7 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 465 8 formalize formalize VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 465 9 how how WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 465 10 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 465 11 encode encode VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 465 12 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 465 13 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 465 14 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 465 15 because because IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 465 16 mostly mostly RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 465 17 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 465 18 1 1 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 465 19 - - SYM cord-016062-h4vjkufn 465 20 1 1 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 465 21 correspondence correspondence NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 465 22 between between IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 465 23 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 465 24 gene gene NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 465 25 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 465 26 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 465 27 trait trait NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 465 28 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 465 29 lacking lack VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 465 30 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 466 1 What what WP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 466 2 we -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 466 3 find find VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 466 4 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 466 5 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 466 6 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 466 7 act act VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 466 8 more more RBR cord-016062-h4vjkufn 466 9 like like IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 466 10 risk risk NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 466 11 factors factor NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 466 12 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 467 1 Schrödinger Schrödinger NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 467 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 467 3 2000 2000 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 467 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 467 5 already already RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 467 6 pointed point VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 467 7 out out RP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 467 8 years year NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 467 9 ago ago RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 467 10 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 467 11 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 467 12 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 467 13 do do VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 467 14 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 467 15 encode encode VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 467 16 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 467 17 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 467 18 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 467 19 behaviours behaviour NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 467 20 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 468 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 468 2 seems seem VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 468 3 neither neither CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 468 4 adequate adequate JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 468 5 nor nor CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 468 6 possible possible JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 468 7 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 468 8 dissect dissect VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 468 9 into into IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 468 10 discrete discrete JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 468 11 ' ' `` cord-016062-h4vjkufn 468 12 properties property NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 468 13 ' ' POS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 468 14 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 468 15 pattern pattern NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 468 16 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 468 17 an an DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 468 18 organism organism NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 468 19 which which WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 468 20 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 468 21 essentially essentially RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 468 22 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 468 23 unity unity NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 468 24 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 468 25 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 468 26 ' ' `` cord-016062-h4vjkufn 468 27 whole whole NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 468 28 ' ' '' cord-016062-h4vjkufn 468 29 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 469 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 469 2 ... ... NFP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 469 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 469 4 What what WP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 469 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 469 6 locate locate VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 469 7 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 469 8 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 469 9 chromosome chromosome NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 469 10 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 469 11 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 469 12 seat seat NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 469 13 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 469 14 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 469 15 difference difference NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 469 16 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 470 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 470 2 We -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 470 3 call call VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 470 4 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 470 5 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 470 6 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 470 7 technical technical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 470 8 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 470 9 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 470 10 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 470 11 ' ' `` cord-016062-h4vjkufn 470 12 locus locus NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 470 13 ' ' '' cord-016062-h4vjkufn 470 14 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 470 15 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 470 16 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 470 17 if if IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 470 18 we -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 470 19 think think VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 470 20 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 470 21 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 470 22 hypothetical hypothetical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 470 23 material material NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 470 24 structure structure NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 470 25 underlying underlie VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 470 26 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 470 27 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 470 28 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 470 29 ' ' `` cord-016062-h4vjkufn 470 30 gene gene NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 470 31 ' ' '' cord-016062-h4vjkufn 470 32 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 470 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 471 1 Difference difference NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 471 2 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 471 3 property property NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 471 4 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 471 5 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 471 6 my -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 471 7 view view NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 471 8 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 471 9 really really RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 471 10 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 471 11 fundamental fundamental JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 471 12 concept concept NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 471 13 rather rather RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 471 14 than than IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 471 15 property property NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 471 16 itself -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 471 17 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 471 18 notwithstanding notwithstanding IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 471 19 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 471 20 apparent apparent JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 471 21 linguistical linguistical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 471 22 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 471 23 logical logical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 471 24 contradiction contradiction NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 471 25 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 471 26 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 471 27 statement statement NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 471 28 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 472 1 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 472 2 differences difference NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 472 3 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 472 4 properties property NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 472 5 actually actually RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 472 6 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 472 7 discrete discrete JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 472 8 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 472 9 [ [ -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 472 10 ... ... NFP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 472 11 ] ] -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 472 12 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 473 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 473 2 Schrödinger Schrödinger NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 473 3 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 473 4 2000 2000 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 473 5 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 473 6 28 28 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 473 7 - - SYM cord-016062-h4vjkufn 473 8 29 29 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 473 9 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 473 10 my -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 473 11 emphasis emphasis NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 473 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 474 1 These these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 474 2 differences difference NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 474 3 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 474 4 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 474 5 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 474 6 explained explain VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 474 7 using use VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 474 8 only only RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 474 9 Neo Neo NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 474 10 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 474 11 Darwinian darwinian JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 474 12 theory theory NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 474 13 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 474 14 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 474 15 symbiogenetic symbiogenetic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 474 16 view view NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 474 17 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 474 18 however however RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 474 19 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 474 20 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 474 21 take take VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 474 22 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 474 23 emergentism emergentism NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 474 24 into into IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 474 25 account account NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 474 26 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 475 1 Finally finally RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 475 2 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 475 3 universal universal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 475 4 symbiogenesis symbiogenesis NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 475 5 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 475 6 incorporate incorporate VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 475 7 theories theory NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 475 8 such such JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 475 9 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 475 10 conceptual conceptual JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 475 11 blending blending NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 475 12 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 475 13 developed develop VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 475 14 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 475 15 Fauconnier Fauconnier NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 475 16 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 475 17 Turner Turner NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 475 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 475 19 2002 2002 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 475 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 475 21 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 476 1 These these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 476 2 scientists scientist NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 476 3 understand understand VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 476 4 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 476 5 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 476 6 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 476 7 singularity singularity NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 476 8 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 476 9 there there EX cord-016062-h4vjkufn 476 10 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 476 11 no no RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 476 12 gradually gradually RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 476 13 evolved evolve VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 476 14 grammatical grammatical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 476 15 structures structure NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 476 16 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 476 17 there there EX cord-016062-h4vjkufn 476 18 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 476 19 no no DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 476 20 intermediate intermediate JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 476 21 stages stage NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 476 22 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 476 23 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 476 24 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 476 25 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 476 26 now now RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 476 27 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 476 28 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 476 29 ever ever RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 476 30 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 477 1 Language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 477 2 emerged emerge VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 477 3 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 478 1 Emergentism Emergentism NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 478 2 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 478 3 however however RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 478 4 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 478 5 does do VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 478 6 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 478 7 imply imply VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 478 8 discontinuity discontinuity NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 478 9 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 479 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 479 2 point point VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 479 3 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 479 4 two two CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 479 5 fallacies fallacy NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 479 6 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 479 7 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 479 8 Cause cause NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 479 9 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 479 10 Effect effect NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 479 11 Isomorphism isomorphism NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 479 12 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 479 13 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 479 14 Function Function NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 479 15 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 479 16 Organ Organ NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 479 17 Isomorphism isomorphism NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 479 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 479 19 Fauconnier Fauconnier NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 479 20 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 479 21 Turner Turner NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 479 22 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 479 23 2002 2002 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 479 24 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 479 25 175 175 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 479 26 - - SYM cord-016062-h4vjkufn 479 27 176 176 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 479 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 479 29 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 480 1 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 480 2 Cause cause NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 480 3 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 480 4 Effect effect NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 480 5 Isomorphism isomorphism NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 480 6 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 480 7 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 480 8 fallacious fallacious JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 480 9 idea idea NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 480 10 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 480 11 widely widely RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 480 12 defended defend VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 480 13 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 480 14 scholars scholar NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 480 15 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 480 16 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 480 17 given give VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 480 18 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 480 19 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 480 20 effect effect NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 480 21 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 480 22 amazing amazing JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 480 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 480 24 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 480 25 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 480 26 case case NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 480 27 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 480 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 480 29 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 480 30 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 480 31 cause cause NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 480 32 has have VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 480 33 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 480 34 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 480 35 something something NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 480 36 extraordinary extraordinary JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 480 37 as as RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 480 38 well well RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 480 39 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 481 1 However however RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 481 2 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 481 3 when when WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 481 4 we -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 481 5 look look VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 481 6 at at IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 481 7 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 481 8 development development NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 481 9 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 481 10 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 481 11 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 481 12 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 481 13 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 481 14 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 481 15 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 481 16 need need NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 481 17 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 481 18 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 481 19 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 481 20 case case NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 481 21 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 482 1 Far far RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 482 2 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 482 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 482 4 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 482 5 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 482 6 development development NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 482 7 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 482 8 an an DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 482 9 eye eye NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 482 10 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 482 11 example example NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 482 12 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 482 13 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 482 14 result result NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 482 15 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 482 16 one one CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 482 17 gene gene NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 482 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 482 19 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 482 20 PAX PAX NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 482 21 6 6 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 482 22 gene gene NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 482 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 482 24 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 482 25 switches switch VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 482 26 on on IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 482 27 2500 2500 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 482 28 other other JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 482 29 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 482 30 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 482 31 make make VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 482 32 an an DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 482 33 eye eye NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 482 34 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 483 1 If if IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 483 2 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 483 3 gene gene NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 483 4 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 483 5 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 483 6 activated activate VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 483 7 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 483 8 eye eye NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 483 9 development development NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 483 10 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 483 11 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 483 12 triggered trigger VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 483 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 483 14 Gehring Gehring NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 483 15 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 483 16 1998 1998 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 483 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 483 18 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 484 1 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 484 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 484 3 dis)activation dis)activation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 484 4 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 484 5 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 484 6 gene gene NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 484 7 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 484 8 however however RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 484 9 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 484 10 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 484 11 only only RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 484 12 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 484 13 tiny tiny JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 484 14 step step NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 484 15 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 484 16 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 484 17 process process NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 484 18 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 485 1 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 485 2 second second JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 485 3 fallacy fallacy NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 485 4 put put VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 485 5 forward forward RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 485 6 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 485 7 Fauconnier Fauconnier NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 485 8 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 485 9 Turner Turner NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 485 10 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 485 11 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 485 12 Function Function NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 485 13 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 485 14 Organ Organ NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 485 15 Isomorphism isomorphism NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 485 16 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 485 17 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 485 18 idea idea NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 485 19 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 485 20 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 485 21 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 485 22 development development NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 485 23 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 485 24 every every DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 485 25 new new JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 485 26 function function NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 485 27 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 485 28 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 485 29 new new JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 485 30 organ organ NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 485 31 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 485 32 involved involve VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 485 33 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 486 1 This this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 486 2 idea idea NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 486 3 dates date VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 486 4 back back RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 486 5 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 486 6 Aristotle Aristotle NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 486 7 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 486 8 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 486 9 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 486 10 also also RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 486 11 subscribed subscribe VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 486 12 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 486 13 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 486 14 Chomsky Chomsky NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 486 15 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 486 16 who who WP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 486 17 presumes presume VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 486 18 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 486 19 existence existence NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 486 20 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 486 21 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 486 22 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 486 23 organ organ NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 486 24 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 486 25 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 486 26 brain brain NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 486 27 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 487 1 However however RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 487 2 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 487 3 nature nature NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 487 4 gives give VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 487 5 numerous numerous JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 487 6 accounts account NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 487 7 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 487 8 organs organ NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 487 9 loosing loose VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 487 10 functions function NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 487 11 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 487 12 gaining gain VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 487 13 new new JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 487 14 functions function NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 487 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 487 16 Gould Gould NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 487 17 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 487 18 Vrba Vrba NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 487 19 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 487 20 1982 1982 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 487 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 487 22 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 488 1 Hence hence RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 488 2 Fauconnier Fauconnier NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 488 3 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 488 4 Turner Turner NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 488 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 488 6 2002 2002 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 488 7 : : SYM cord-016062-h4vjkufn 488 8 177 177 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 488 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 488 10 point point VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 488 11 out out RP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 488 12 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 488 13 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 488 14 " " `` cord-016062-h4vjkufn 488 15 Language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 488 16 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 488 17 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 488 18 an an DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 488 19 organ organ NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 488 20 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 489 1 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 489 2 brain brain NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 489 3 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 489 4 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 489 5 organ organ NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 489 6 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 489 7 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 489 8 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 489 9 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 489 10 just just RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 489 11 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 489 12 function function NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 489 13 subserved subserve VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 489 14 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 489 15 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 489 16 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 489 17 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 489 18 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 489 19 help help NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 489 20 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 489 21 various various JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 489 22 other other JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 489 23 organs organ NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 489 24 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 490 1 Language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 490 2 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 490 3 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 490 4 surface surface NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 490 5 manifestation manifestation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 490 6 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 490 7 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 490 8 capacity capacity NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 490 9 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 491 1 " " '' cord-016062-h4vjkufn 492 1 This this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 492 2 capacity capacity NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 492 3 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 492 4 according accord VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 492 5 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 492 6 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 492 7 view view NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 492 8 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 492 9 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 492 10 conceptual conceptual JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 492 11 blending blending NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 492 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 492 13 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 492 14 use use NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 492 15 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 492 16 metaphorical metaphorical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 492 17 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 492 18 analogical analogical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 492 19 thinking thinking NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 492 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 492 21 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 492 22 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 492 23 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 492 24 regarded regard VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 492 25 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 492 26 just just RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 492 27 one one CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 492 28 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 492 29 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 492 30 products product NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 492 31 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 492 32 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 492 33 blending blend VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 492 34 capacity capacity NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 492 35 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 493 1 Here here RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 493 2 again again RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 493 3 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 493 4 we -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 493 5 encounter encounter VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 493 6 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 493 7 problem problem NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 493 8 because because IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 493 9 they -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 493 10 adhere adhere VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 493 11 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 493 12 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 493 13 view view NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 493 14 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 493 15 there there EX cord-016062-h4vjkufn 493 16 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 493 17 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 493 18 deeper deep JJR cord-016062-h4vjkufn 493 19 lying lying NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 493 20 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 493 21 once once RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 493 22 evolved evolve VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 493 23 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 493 24 unchangeable unchangeable JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 493 25 structure structure NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 493 26 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 493 27 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 493 28 brain brain NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 493 29 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 493 30 has have VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 493 31 different different JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 493 32 manifestations manifestation NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 493 33 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 493 34 some some DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 493 35 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 493 36 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 493 37 structures structure NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 493 38 emerging emerge VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 493 39 through through IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 493 40 blending blending NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 493 41 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 494 1 So so RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 494 2 Fauconnier Fauconnier NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 494 3 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 494 4 Turner Turner NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 494 5 too too RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 494 6 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 494 7 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 494 8 seem seem VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 494 9 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 494 10 transcend transcend VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 494 11 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 494 12 mere mere JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 494 13 essentialist essentialist JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 494 14 / / SYM cord-016062-h4vjkufn 494 15 potentialist potentialist JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 494 16 view view NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 494 17 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 495 1 However however RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 495 2 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 495 3 conceptual conceptual JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 495 4 blending blending NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 495 5 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 495 6 also also RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 495 7 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 495 8 understood understand VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 495 9 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 495 10 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 495 11 form form NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 495 12 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 495 13 symbiogenesis symbiogenesis NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 495 14 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 495 15 so so RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 495 16 therefore therefore RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 495 17 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 495 18 I -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 495 19 have have VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 495 20 redefined redefine VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 495 21 conceptual conceptual JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 495 22 blending blending NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 495 23 just just RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 495 24 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 495 25 show show VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 495 26 how how WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 495 27 symbiotic symbiotic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 495 28 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 495 29 view view NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 495 30 really really RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 495 31 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 495 32 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 496 1 Conceptual conceptual JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 496 2 blending blending NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 496 3 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 496 4 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 496 5 combining combining NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 496 6 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 496 7 two two CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 496 8 or or CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 496 9 more more JJR cord-016062-h4vjkufn 496 10 conceptual conceptual JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 496 11 frames frame NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 496 12 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 496 13 results result VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 496 14 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 496 15 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 496 16 new new JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 496 17 conceptual conceptual JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 496 18 frame frame NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 496 19 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 496 20 meaning meaning NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 496 21 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 496 22 seen see VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 496 23 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 496 24 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 496 25 different different JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 496 26 components component NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 496 27 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 497 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 497 2 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 497 3 important important JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 497 4 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 497 5 note note VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 497 6 that that IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 497 7 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 497 8 this this DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 497 9 definition definition NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 497 10 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 497 11 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 497 12 components component NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 497 13 themselves -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 497 14 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 497 15 not not RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 497 16 static static JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 497 17 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 497 18 unchangeable unchangeable JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 497 19 entities entity NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 497 20 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 498 1 Universal universal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 498 2 symbiogenesis symbiogenesis NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 498 3 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 498 4 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 498 5 regarded regard VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 498 6 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 498 7 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 498 8 complementation complementation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 498 9 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 498 10 Neo Neo NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 498 11 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 498 12 Darwinian darwinian JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 498 13 theory theory NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 498 14 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 498 15 because because IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 498 16 it -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 498 17 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 498 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 498 19 at at IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 498 20 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 498 21 least least JJS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 498 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 498 23 integrate integrate VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 498 24 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 498 25 following follow VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 498 26 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 498 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 498 28 1 1 LS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 498 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 498 30 Horizontal horizontal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 498 31 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 498 32 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 498 33 as as RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 498 34 different different JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 498 35 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 498 36 vertical vertical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 498 37 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 498 38 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 498 39 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 498 40 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 498 41 put put VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 498 42 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 498 43 use use NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 498 44 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 498 45 explain explain VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 498 46 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 498 47 variation variation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 498 48 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 498 49 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 498 50 change change NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 498 51 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 498 52 phenomena phenomena VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 498 53 already already RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 498 54 well well RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 498 55 described describe VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 498 56 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 498 57 sociolinguistics sociolinguistic NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 498 58 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 499 1 However however RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 499 2 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 499 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 499 4 also also RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 499 5 need need VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 499 6 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 499 7 be be VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 499 8 able able JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 499 9 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 499 10 explain explain VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 499 11 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 499 12 phenomena phenomenon NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 499 13 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 499 14 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 499 15 therefore therefore RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 499 16 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 499 17 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 499 18 normative normative JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 499 19 framework framework NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 499 20 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 499 21 urgently urgently RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 499 22 needed need VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 499 23 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 500 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 500 2 2 2 LS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 500 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 500 4 It -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 500 5 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 500 6 explain explain VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 500 7 ontogenetic ontogenetic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 500 8 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 500 9 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 500 10 processes process NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 500 11 concerning concern VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 500 12 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 500 13 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 500 14 such such JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 500 15 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 500 16 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 500 17 FOX FOX NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 500 18 P2 P2 NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 500 19 gene gene NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 500 20 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 500 21 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 500 22 analogy analogy NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 500 23 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 500 24 because because IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 500 25 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 500 26 same same JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 500 27 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 500 28 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 500 29 put put VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 500 30 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 500 31 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 500 32 different different JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 500 33 context context NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 500 34 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 500 35 forming form VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 500 36 different different JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 500 37 interactions interaction NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 500 38 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 500 39 lead lead VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 500 40 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 500 41 new new JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 500 42 emergent emergent JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 500 43 properties property NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 500 44 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 501 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 501 2 3 3 LS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 501 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 501 4 It -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 501 5 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 501 6 explain explain VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 501 7 cognitive cognitive JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 501 8 evolutions evolution NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 501 9 such such JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 501 10 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 501 11 conceptual conceptual JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 501 12 blending blending NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 501 13 crucial crucial JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 501 14 to to IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 501 15 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 501 16 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 501 17 because because IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 501 18 symbiogenesis symbiogenesis NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 501 19 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 501 20 provide provide VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 501 21 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 501 22 framework framework NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 501 23 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 501 24 explain explain VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 501 25 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 501 26 emergent emergent JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 501 27 processes process NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 501 28 that that WDT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 501 29 are be VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 501 30 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 501 31 result result NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 501 32 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 501 33 blending blending NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 501 34 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 501 35 conceptual conceptual JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 501 36 frameworks framework NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 501 37 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 502 1 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 502 2 new new JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 502 3 animal animal NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 502 4 phylogeny phylogeny NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 502 5 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 502 6 Reliability reliability NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 502 7 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 502 8 implications implication NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 502 9 Chimps chimp NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 502 10 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 502 11 children child NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 502 12 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 502 13 creoles creole NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 502 14 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 502 15 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 502 16 need need NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 502 17 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 502 18 caution caution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 502 19 Oral oral JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 502 20 dyspraxia dyspraxia NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 502 21 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 502 22 inherited inherit VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 502 23 speech speech NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 502 24 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 502 25 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 502 26 impairment impairment NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 502 27 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 502 28 acquired acquire VBD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 502 29 dysphasia dysphasia NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 502 30 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 502 31 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 502 32 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 502 33 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 502 34 Evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 502 35 epistemology epistemology NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 503 1 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 503 2 speciation speciation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 503 3 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 503 4 modern modern JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 503 5 Homo Homo NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 503 6 sapiens sapiens JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 503 7 Methodological methodological JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 503 8 suggestions suggestion NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 503 9 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 503 10 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 503 11 comparative comparative JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 503 12 psychology psychology NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 503 13 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 503 14 knowledge knowledge NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 503 15 processes process VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 503 16 Blind blind JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 503 17 variation variation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 503 18 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 503 19 selective selective JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 503 20 retention retention NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 503 21 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 503 22 creative creative JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 503 23 thought thought NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 503 24 as as IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 503 25 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 503 26 other other JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 503 27 knowledge knowledge NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 503 28 processes process NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 504 1 Evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 504 2 epistemology epistemology NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 504 3 Comment comment NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 504 4 on on IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 504 5 ' ' '' cord-016062-h4vjkufn 504 6 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 504 7 natural natural JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 504 8 selection selection NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 504 9 model model NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 504 10 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 504 11 conceptual conceptual JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 504 12 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 504 13 Selection Selection NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 504 14 theory theory NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 504 15 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 504 16 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 504 17 sociology sociology NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 504 18 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 504 19 scientific scientific JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 504 20 validity validity NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 504 21 Aspects aspect NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 504 22 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 504 23 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 504 24 theory theory NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 504 25 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 504 26 syntax syntax NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 505 1 Beyond beyond IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 505 2 intuition intuition NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 505 3 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 505 4 instinct instinct NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 505 5 blindness blindness NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 505 6 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 505 7 toward toward IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 505 8 an an DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 505 9 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 505 10 rigorous rigorous JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 505 11 cognitive cognitive JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 505 12 science science NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 505 13 Explaining explaining NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 505 14 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 505 15 change change NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 505 16 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 506 1 An an DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 506 2 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 506 3 approach approach NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 506 4 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 507 1 Essex Essex NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 507 2 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 507 3 Pearson Pearson NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 507 4 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 508 1 Croft Croft NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 508 2 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 508 3 W. W. NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 508 4 2002 2002 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 509 1 Language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 509 2 death death NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 509 3 Without without IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 509 4 miracles miracle NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 509 5 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 510 1 Universal universal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 510 2 selection selection NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 510 3 theory theory NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 510 4 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 510 5 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 510 6 second second JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 510 7 Darwinian darwinian JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 510 8 revolution revolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 510 9 Genomic Genomic NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 510 10 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 510 11 systems system NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 510 12 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 510 13 Development development NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 510 14 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 510 15 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 510 16 Evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 510 17 from from IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 510 18 molecules molecule NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 510 19 to to TO cord-016062-h4vjkufn 510 20 man man VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 510 21 Replicators replicator NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 510 22 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 510 23 vehicles vehicle NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 511 1 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 511 2 blind blind JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 511 3 watchmaker watchmaker NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 511 4 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 512 1 London London NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 512 2 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 512 3 Penguin Penguin NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 512 4 Books Books NNPS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 512 5 Darwin Darwin NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 512 6 's 's POS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 512 7 dangerous dangerous JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 512 8 idea idea NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 513 1 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 513 2 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 513 3 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 513 4 science science NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 513 5 Molecular molecular JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 513 6 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 513 7 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 513 8 FOX FOX NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 513 9 P2 P2 NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 513 10 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 513 11 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 513 12 gene gene NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 513 13 involved involve VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 513 14 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 513 15 speech speech NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 513 16 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 513 17 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 514 1 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 514 2 way way NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 514 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 514 4 think think VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 514 5 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 514 6 Conceptual conceptual JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 514 7 blending blending NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 514 8 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 514 9 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 514 10 mind mind NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 514 11 's 's POS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 514 12 hidden hide VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 514 13 complexities complexity NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 514 14 Master Master NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 514 15 control control VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 514 16 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 514 17 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 514 18 development development NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 514 19 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 514 20 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 514 21 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 514 22 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 514 23 homeobox homeobox NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 514 24 story story NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 514 25 De De NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 515 1 oorsprong oorsprong NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 515 2 en en IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 515 3 evolutie evolutie NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 515 4 van van NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 515 5 leven leven NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 515 6 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 515 7 15 15 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 515 8 van van NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 515 9 het het NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 515 10 standaardparadigma standaardparadigma NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 515 11 afwijkende afwijkende NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 515 12 thesen thesen NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 515 13 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 516 1 Van Van NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 516 2 voorwoord voorwoord NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 516 3 en en IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 517 1 nawoord nawoord NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 517 2 voorzien voorzien NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 517 3 door door NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 517 4 Philip Philip NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 517 5 Polk Polk NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 517 6 en en IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 517 7 Jean Jean NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 517 8 Paul Paul NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 517 9 Van Van NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 517 10 Bendegem Bendegem NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 517 11 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 518 1 Brussel Brussel NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 518 2 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 518 3 VUBPRESS VUBPRESS NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 519 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-016062-h4vjkufn 519 2 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 519 3 origin origin NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 519 4 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 519 5 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 519 6 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 519 7 life life NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 519 8 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 520 1 15 15 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 520 2 nonneodarwinian nonneodarwinian NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 521 1 these these DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 521 2 s s NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 522 1 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 522 2 Panda Panda NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 522 3 's 's POS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 522 4 thumb thumb NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 522 5 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 522 6 More More JJR cord-016062-h4vjkufn 522 7 reflections reflection NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 522 8 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 522 9 natural natural JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 522 10 history history NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 522 11 Darwinism Darwinism NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 522 12 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 522 13 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 522 14 expansion expansion NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 522 15 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 522 16 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 522 17 theory theory NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 522 18 Smooth smooth JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 522 19 curve curve NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 522 20 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 522 21 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 522 22 rate rate NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 522 23 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 522 24 A a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 522 25 psychological psychological JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 522 26 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 522 27 mathematical mathematical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 522 28 artifact artifact NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 522 29 Wonderful wonderful JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 522 30 life life NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 522 31 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 522 32 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 522 33 Burgess Burgess NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 522 34 Shale Shale NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 522 35 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 522 36 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 522 37 nature nature NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 522 38 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 522 39 history history NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 522 40 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 523 1 London London NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 523 2 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 523 3 Penguin Penguin NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 523 4 Books Books NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 523 5 Exaptation Exaptation NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 523 6 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 524 1 A a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 524 2 missing missing JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 524 3 term term NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 524 4 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 524 5 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 524 6 science science NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 524 7 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 524 8 form form NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 524 9 Species specie NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 524 10 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 524 11 languages language NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 524 12 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 524 13 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 524 14 comparative comparative JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 524 15 method method NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 524 16 A a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 524 17 general general JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 524 18 account account NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 524 19 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 524 20 selection selection NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 524 21 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 524 22 Biology biology NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 524 23 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 524 24 immunology immunology NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 524 25 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 524 26 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 524 27 behavior behavior NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 525 1 An an DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 525 2 extended extended JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 525 3 family family NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 525 4 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 525 5 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 525 6 dominantly dominantly RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 525 7 inherited inherit VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 525 8 speech speech NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 525 9 disorder disorder NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 525 10 Viral viral JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 525 11 trade trade NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 525 12 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 525 13 global global JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 525 14 public public JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 525 15 health health NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 526 1 How how WRB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 526 2 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 526 3 evolve evolve VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 526 4 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 527 1 A a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 527 2 population population NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 527 3 geneticist geneticist NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 527 4 's 's POS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 527 5 view view NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 527 6 Evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 527 7 at at IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 527 8 two two CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 527 9 levels level NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 527 10 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 527 11 humans human NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 527 12 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 527 13 Chimpanzees Chimpanzees NNPS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 527 14 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 527 15 SPCH1 spch1 JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 527 16 region region NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 527 17 on on IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 527 18 Human Human NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 527 19 7q31 7q31 CD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 527 20 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 528 1 Genomic genomic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 528 2 characterization characterization NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 528 3 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 528 4 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 528 5 critical critical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 528 6 interval interval NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 528 7 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 528 8 localization localization NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 528 9 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 528 10 translocations translocation NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 528 11 associated associate VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 528 12 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 528 13 speech speech NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 528 14 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 528 15 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 528 16 disorder disorder NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 529 1 A a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 529 2 Forkhead Forkhead NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 529 3 - - HYPH cord-016062-h4vjkufn 529 4 domain domain NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 529 5 gene gene NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 529 6 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 529 7 mutated mutate VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 529 8 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 529 9 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 529 10 severe severe JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 529 11 speech speech NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 529 12 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 529 13 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 529 14 disorder disorder NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 530 1 Language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 530 2 fMRI fmri NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 530 3 abnormalities abnormality NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 530 4 associated associate VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 530 5 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 530 6 FOX FOX NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 530 7 P2 P2 NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 530 8 gene gene NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 530 9 mutation mutation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 531 1 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 531 2 symbiotic symbiotic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 531 3 planet planet NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 531 4 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 532 1 A a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 532 2 new new JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 532 3 look look NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 532 4 at at IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 532 5 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 532 6 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 533 1 London London NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 533 2 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 533 3 Phoenix Phoenix NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 533 4 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 533 5 Orion Orion NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 533 6 Books Books NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 534 1 What what WP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 534 2 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 534 3 life life NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 534 4 ? ? . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 535 1 Berkeley Berkeley NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 535 2 Acquiring Acquiring NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 535 3 genomes genome NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 535 4 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 535 5 A a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 535 6 theory theory NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 535 7 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 535 8 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 535 9 origin origin NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 535 10 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 535 11 species specie NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 536 1 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 536 2 theory theory NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 536 3 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 536 4 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 536 5 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 537 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 537 2 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 538 1 Canto Canto NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 539 1 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 539 2 unity unity NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 539 3 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 539 4 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 539 5 genotype genotype NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 539 6 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 539 7 molecular molecular JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 539 8 architects architect NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 539 9 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 539 10 body body NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 539 11 design design NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 539 12 Neanderthals Neanderthals NNPS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 539 13 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 539 14 Modern Modern NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 539 15 Humans Humans NNPS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 539 16 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 539 17 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 539 18 archaeological archaeological JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 539 19 evidence evidence NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 539 20 for for IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 539 21 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 539 22 Pattern pattern NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 539 23 formation formation NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 539 24 during during IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 539 25 animal animal NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 539 26 development development NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 540 1 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 540 2 ecology ecology NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 540 3 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 540 4 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 540 5 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 540 6 Philosophical philosophical JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 540 7 Darwinism Darwinism NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 540 8 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 540 9 On on IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 540 10 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 540 11 origin origin NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 540 12 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 540 13 knowledge knowledge NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 540 14 by by IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 540 15 means mean NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 540 16 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 540 17 natural natural JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 540 18 selection selection NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 540 19 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 541 1 London London NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 541 2 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 542 1 Routledge Routledge NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 542 2 Vanishing Vanishing NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 542 3 voices voice NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 543 1 What what WP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 543 2 can can MD cord-016062-h4vjkufn 543 3 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 543 4 field field NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 543 5 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 543 6 linguistics linguistics NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 543 7 tell tell VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 543 8 us -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 543 9 about about IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 543 10 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 543 11 origin origin NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 543 12 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 543 13 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 544 1 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 544 2 promise promise NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 544 3 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 544 4 comparative comparative JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 544 5 genomics genomic NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 544 6 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 544 7 mammals mammal NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 544 8 Natural natural JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 544 9 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 544 10 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 544 11 natural natural JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 544 12 selection selection NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 544 13 Darwin Darwin NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 544 14 machines machine NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 544 15 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 544 16 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 544 17 nature nature NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 544 18 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 544 19 knowledge knowledge NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 544 20 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 545 1 Concerning concern VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 545 2 adaptations adaptation NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 545 3 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 545 4 instinct instinct NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 545 5 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 545 6 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 545 7 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 545 8 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 545 9 intelligence intelligence NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 545 10 . . . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 546 1 London London NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 546 2 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 547 1 Penguin Penguin NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 547 2 Books Books NNPS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 547 3 Homeobox Homeobox NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 547 4 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 547 5 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 547 6 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 547 7 vertebrate vertebrate JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 547 8 body body NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 547 9 plan plan NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 547 10 Taking take VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 547 11 Darwin Darwin NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 547 12 seriously seriously RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 548 1 What what WP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 548 2 is be VBZ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 548 3 life life NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 548 4 ? ? . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 549 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 549 2 Sudden sudden JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 549 3 origins origin NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 549 4 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 549 5 Fossils fossil NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 549 6 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 549 7 genes gene NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 549 8 , , , cord-016062-h4vjkufn 549 9 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 549 10 the the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 549 11 emergence emergence NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 549 12 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 549 13 species specie NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 549 14 Explaining explain VBG cord-016062-h4vjkufn 549 15 culture culture NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 549 16 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 549 17 A a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 549 18 naturalistic naturalistic JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 549 19 approach approach NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 550 1 Language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 550 2 contact contact NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 550 3 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 550 4 An an DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 550 5 introduction introduction NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 550 6 Praxis Praxis NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 550 7 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 550 8 nonverbal nonverbal JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 550 9 cognitive cognitive JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 550 10 deficits deficit NNS cord-016062-h4vjkufn 550 11 in in IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 550 12 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 550 13 large large JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 550 14 family family NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 550 15 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 550 16 a a DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 550 17 genetically genetically RB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 550 18 transmitted transmit VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 550 19 speech speech NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 550 20 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 550 21 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 550 22 disorder disorder NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 550 23 Neural neural JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 550 24 basis basis NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 550 25 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 550 26 an an DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 550 27 inherited inherit VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 550 28 speech speech NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 550 29 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 550 30 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 550 31 disorder disorder NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 550 32 Behavioural behavioural JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 550 33 analysis analysis NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 550 34 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 550 35 an an DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 550 36 inherited inherit VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 550 37 speech speech NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 550 38 and and CC cord-016062-h4vjkufn 550 39 language language NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 550 40 disorder disorder NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 550 41 : : : cord-016062-h4vjkufn 550 42 comparison comparison NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 550 43 with with IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 550 44 acquired acquire VBN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 550 45 aphasia aphasia NNP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 551 1 Do do VBP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 551 2 we -PRON- PRP cord-016062-h4vjkufn 551 3 understand understand VB cord-016062-h4vjkufn 551 4 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 551 5 ? ? . cord-016062-h4vjkufn 552 1 The the DT cord-016062-h4vjkufn 552 2 evolution evolution NN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 552 3 of of IN cord-016062-h4vjkufn 552 4 cellular cellular JJ cord-016062-h4vjkufn 552 5 development development NN