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Predictions for Germany made on March 30, 2020 date: 2020-04-02 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.31.20048942 sha: doc_id: 298469 cord_uid: 0sny9dit file: cache/cord-253720-s6hwui6n.json key: cord-253720-s6hwui6n authors: Andraz, Jorge M.; Rodrigues, Paulo M.M. title: Monitoring tourism flows and destination management: Empirical evidence for Portugal date: 2016-03-26 journal: Tour Manag DOI: 10.1016/j.tourman.2016.03.019 sha: doc_id: 253720 cord_uid: s6hwui6n file: cache/cord-285162-srkd3wh0.json key: cord-285162-srkd3wh0 authors: Jung, F.; Krieger, V.; Hufert, F.T.; Küpper, J.-H. title: How we should respond to the Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 outbreak: A German perspective date: 2020-06-05 journal: Clinical hemorheology and microcirculation DOI: 10.3233/ch-209004 sha: doc_id: 285162 cord_uid: srkd3wh0 file: cache/cord-294815-mhqe3xjz.json key: cord-294815-mhqe3xjz authors: Küchenhoff, H.; Guenther, F.; Höhle, M.; Bender, A. title: Analysis of the early Covid-19 epidemic curve in Germany by regression models with change points date: 2020-10-30 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.29.20222265 sha: doc_id: 294815 cord_uid: mhqe3xjz file: cache/cord-255465-sc1yzzsn.json key: cord-255465-sc1yzzsn authors: Krasteva, Gabriela; Pfeil, Uwe; Drab, Marek; Kummer, Wolfgang; König, Peter title: Caveolin-1 and -2 in airway epithelium: expression and in situ association as detected by FRET-CLSM date: 2006-08-11 journal: Respir Res DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-7-108 sha: doc_id: 255465 cord_uid: sc1yzzsn file: cache/cord-028201-x57bhyhr.json key: cord-028201-x57bhyhr authors: Platz, Thomas; Bender, Andreas; Dohle, Christian; Gorsler, Anna; Knecht, Stefan; Liepert, Joachim; Mokrusch, Thomas; Sailer, Michael title: German hospital capacities for prolonged mechanical ventilator weaning in neurorehabilitation – results of a representative survey date: 2020-07-01 journal: Neurol Res Pract DOI: 10.1186/s42466-020-00065-1 sha: doc_id: 28201 cord_uid: x57bhyhr file: cache/cord-264526-bxpzo2xu.json key: cord-264526-bxpzo2xu authors: Aydin, Malik; Naumova, Ella A.; Paulsen, Friedrich; Zhang, Wenli; Gopon, Felix; Theis, Christian; Lutz, Sören; Ehrke-Schulz, Eric; Arnold, Wolfgang H.; Wirth, Stefan; Ehrhardt, Anja title: House Dust Mite Exposure Causes Increased Susceptibility of Nasal Epithelial Cells to Adenovirus Infection date: 2020-10-11 journal: Viruses DOI: 10.3390/v12101151 sha: doc_id: 264526 cord_uid: bxpzo2xu file: cache/cord-289285-aof7xy13.json key: cord-289285-aof7xy13 authors: Michaelis, Martin; Geiler, Janina; Naczk, Patrizia; Sithisarn, Patchima; Leutz, Anke; Doerr, Hans Wilhelm; Cinatl, Jindrich title: Glycyrrhizin Exerts Antioxidative Effects in H5N1 Influenza A Virus-Infected Cells and Inhibits Virus Replication and Pro-Inflammatory Gene Expression date: 2011-05-17 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019705 sha: doc_id: 289285 cord_uid: aof7xy13 file: cache/cord-278508-h145cxlp.json key: cord-278508-h145cxlp authors: Streng, Andrea; Prifert, Christiane; Weissbrich, Benedikt; Liese, Johannes G. title: Continued high incidence of children with severe influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 admitted to paediatric intensive care units in Germany during the first three post-pandemic influenza seasons, 2010/11–2012/13 date: 2015-12-18 journal: BMC Infect Dis DOI: 10.1186/s12879-015-1293-1 sha: doc_id: 278508 cord_uid: h145cxlp file: cache/cord-226245-p0cyzjwf.json key: cord-226245-p0cyzjwf authors: Schneble, Marc; Nicola, Giacomo De; Kauermann, Goran; Berger, Ursula title: Nowcasting fatal COVID-19 infections on a regional level in Germany date: 2020-05-15 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 226245 cord_uid: p0cyzjwf file: cache/cord-012518-ncrdwtdg.json key: cord-012518-ncrdwtdg authors: nan title: Abstractband DOG 2020 date: 2020-08-24 journal: Ophthalmologe DOI: 10.1007/s00347-020-01197-0 sha: doc_id: 12518 cord_uid: ncrdwtdg file: cache/cord-252244-y5w9hjy8.json key: cord-252244-y5w9hjy8 authors: Loeffler-Wirth, H.; Schmidt, M.; Binder, H. title: Covid-19 trajectories: Monitoring pandemic in the worldwide context date: 2020-06-05 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.04.20120725 sha: doc_id: 252244 cord_uid: y5w9hjy8 file: cache/cord-304930-gf3cptnt.json key: cord-304930-gf3cptnt authors: Hinz, Sebastian; Ellmann, Daniel; Wegner, Christian; Bömicke, Wolfgang; Bensel, Tobias title: The Digital Abutment Check: An Improvement of the Fully Digital Workflow date: 2020-10-24 journal: Case Rep Dent DOI: 10.1155/2020/8831862 sha: doc_id: 304930 cord_uid: gf3cptnt file: cache/cord-333413-8buawes0.json key: cord-333413-8buawes0 authors: Liebing, J.; Völker, I.; Curland, N.; Wohlsein, P.; Baumgärtner, W.; Braune, S.; Runge, M.; Moss, A.; Rautenschlein, S.; Jung, A.; Ryll, M.; Raue, K.; Strube, C.; Schulz, J.; Heffels-Redmann, U.; Fischer, L.; Gethöffer, F.; Voigt, U.; Lierz, M.; Siebert, U. title: Health status of free-ranging ring-necked pheasant chicks (Phasianus colchicus) in North-Western Germany date: 2020-06-16 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234044 sha: doc_id: 333413 cord_uid: 8buawes0 file: cache/cord-279557-hk77e3pp.json key: cord-279557-hk77e3pp authors: Drosten, Christian; Seilmaier, Michael; Corman, Victor M; Hartmann, Wulf; Scheible, Gregor; Sack, Stefan; Guggemos, Wolfgang; Kallies, Rene; Muth, Doreen; Junglen, Sandra; Müller, Marcel A; Haas, Walter; Guberina, Hana; Röhnisch, Tim; Schmid-Wendtner, Monika; Aldabbagh, Souhaib; Dittmer, Ulf; Gold, Hermann; Graf, Petra; Bonin, Frank; Rambaut, Andrew; Wendtner, Clemens-Martin title: Clinical features and virological analysis of a case of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection date: 2013-06-17 journal: Lancet Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(13)70154-3 sha: doc_id: 279557 cord_uid: hk77e3pp file: cache/cord-239527-69bxbhjh.json key: cord-239527-69bxbhjh authors: Montag, Felix; Sagimuldina, Alina; Schnitzer, Monika title: Are temporary value-added tax reductions passed on to consumers? Evidence from Germany's stimulus date: 2020-08-19 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 239527 cord_uid: 69bxbhjh file: cache/cord-257940-12nf27j4.json key: cord-257940-12nf27j4 authors: Schwendicke, Falk; Krasowski, Aleksander; Gomez Rossi, Jesus; Paris, Sebastian; Kuhlmey, Adelheid; Meyer-Lückel, Hendrik; Krois, Joachim title: Dental service utilization in the very old: an insurance database analysis from northeast Germany date: 2020-09-30 journal: Clin Oral Investig DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03591-z sha: doc_id: 257940 cord_uid: 12nf27j4 file: cache/cord-287548-3wv9xcxh.json key: cord-287548-3wv9xcxh authors: Plümper, Thomas; Neumayer, Eric title: The Pandemic Predominantly Hits Poor Neighbourhoods? SARS-CoV-2 Infections and Covid-19 Fatalities in German Districts date: 2020-08-20 journal: Eur J Public Health DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa168 sha: doc_id: 287548 cord_uid: 3wv9xcxh file: cache/cord-252343-a85wz2hs.json key: cord-252343-a85wz2hs authors: Skoda, Eva-Maria; Teufel, Martin; Stang, Andreas; Jöckel, Karl-Heinz; Junne, Florian; Weismüller, Benjamin; Hetkamp, Madeleine; Musche, Venja; Kohler, Hannah; Dörrie, Nora; Schweda, Adam; Bäuerle, Alexander title: Psychological burden of healthcare professionals in Germany during the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic: differences and similarities in the international context date: 2020-08-07 journal: J Public Health (Oxf) DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa124 sha: doc_id: 252343 cord_uid: a85wz2hs file: cache/cord-318900-dovu6kha.json key: cord-318900-dovu6kha authors: Pitschel, T. title: SARS-Cov-2 proliferation: an analytical aggregate-level model date: 2020-08-22 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.20.20178301 sha: doc_id: 318900 cord_uid: dovu6kha file: cache/cord-256635-zz58w3ro.json key: cord-256635-zz58w3ro authors: Beermann, Sandra; Allerberger, Franz; Wirtz, Angela; Burger, Reinhard; Hamouda, Osamah title: Public health microbiology in Germany: 20 years of national reference centers and consultant laboratories date: 2015-08-21 journal: Int J Med Microbiol DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2015.08.007 sha: doc_id: 256635 cord_uid: zz58w3ro file: cache/cord-318766-vx0dnnxh.json key: cord-318766-vx0dnnxh authors: Wendt, Ralph; Nagel, Stephan; Nickel, Olaf; Wolf, Johannes; Kalbitz, Sven; Kaiser, Thorsten; Borte, Stephan; Lübbert, Christoph title: Comprehensive investigation of an in-hospital transmission cluster of a symptomatic SARS-CoV-2–positive physician among patients and healthcare workers in Germany date: 2020-06-03 journal: Infection control and hospital epidemiology DOI: 10.1017/ice.2020.268 sha: doc_id: 318766 cord_uid: vx0dnnxh file: cache/cord-339735-6964ktxr.json key: cord-339735-6964ktxr authors: Empl, Michael T.; Kammeyer, Patricia; Ulrich, Reiner; Joseph, Jan F.; Parr, Maria K.; Willenberg, Ina; Schebb, Nils H.; Baumgärtner, Wolfgang; Röhrdanz, Elke; Steffen, Christian; Steinberg, Pablo title: The influence of chronic l-carnitine supplementation on the formation of preneoplastic and atherosclerotic lesions in the colon and aorta of male F344 rats date: 2014-08-28 journal: Arch Toxicol DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1341-4 sha: doc_id: 339735 cord_uid: 6964ktxr file: cache/cord-337037-xpj17vn4.json key: cord-337037-xpj17vn4 authors: Weigel, Ralf; Krüger, Carsten title: Global child health in Germany - Time for action date: 2020-10-09 journal: Global health action DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2020.1829401 sha: doc_id: 337037 cord_uid: xpj17vn4 file: cache/cord-331336-4kf2jn8c.json key: cord-331336-4kf2jn8c authors: Aravindakshan, A.; Boehnke, J.; Gholami, E.; Nayak, A. title: Restarting after COVID-19: A Data-driven Evaluation of Opening Scenarios date: 2020-05-30 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.28.20115980 sha: doc_id: 331336 cord_uid: 4kf2jn8c file: cache/cord-289555-1z4vbldd.json key: cord-289555-1z4vbldd authors: Mühldorfer, Kristin; Speck, Stephanie; Kurth, Andreas; Lesnik, René; Freuling, Conrad; Müller, Thomas; Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie; Wibbelt, Gudrun title: Diseases and Causes of Death in European Bats: Dynamics in Disease Susceptibility and Infection Rates date: 2011-12-28 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029773 sha: doc_id: 289555 cord_uid: 1z4vbldd file: cache/cord-259562-e1htl489.json key: cord-259562-e1htl489 authors: Petzold, Moritz Bruno; Bendau, Antonia; Plag, Jens; Pyrkosch, Lena; Mascarell Maricic, Lea; Betzler, Felix; Rogoll, Janina; Große, Julia; Ströhle, Andreas title: Risk, resilience, psychological distress, and anxiety at the beginning of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Germany date: 2020-07-07 journal: Brain Behav DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1745 sha: doc_id: 259562 cord_uid: e1htl489 file: cache/cord-033219-uwzgbpeo.json key: cord-033219-uwzgbpeo authors: Naumann, Elias; Möhring, Katja; Reifenscheid, Maximiliane; Wenz, Alexander; Rettig, Tobias; Lehrer, Roni; Krieger, Ulrich; Juhl, Sebastian; Friedel, Sabine; Fikel, Marina; Cornesse, Carina; Blom, Annelies G. title: COVID‐19 policies in Germany and their social, political, and psychological consequences date: 2020-09-28 journal: nan DOI: 10.1002/epa2.1091 sha: doc_id: 33219 cord_uid: uwzgbpeo file: cache/cord-310775-6d5vi2c5.json key: cord-310775-6d5vi2c5 authors: Brinks, Verena; Ibert, Oliver title: From Corona Virus to Corona Crisis: The Value of An Analytical and Geographical Understanding of Crisis date: 2020-06-09 journal: Tijdschr Econ Soc Geogr DOI: 10.1111/tesg.12428 sha: doc_id: 310775 cord_uid: 6d5vi2c5 file: cache/cord-270948-qfsjtflv.json key: cord-270948-qfsjtflv authors: Klosterhalfen, Stephanie; Kotz, Daniel; Kuntz, Benjamin; Zeiher, Johannes; Starker, Anne title: Waterpipe Use among Adolescents in Germany: Prevalence, Associated Consumer Characteristics, and Trends (German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents, KiGGS) date: 2020-10-22 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217740 sha: doc_id: 270948 cord_uid: qfsjtflv file: cache/cord-345024-dtsi9qit.json key: cord-345024-dtsi9qit authors: Brauers, Hanna; Oei, Pao-Yu; Walk, Paula title: Comparing coal phase-out pathways: The United Kingdom’s and Germany’s diverging transitions date: 2020-10-01 journal: Environ Innov Soc Transit DOI: 10.1016/j.eist.2020.09.001 sha: doc_id: 345024 cord_uid: dtsi9qit file: cache/cord-268094-ubz0q7e9.json key: cord-268094-ubz0q7e9 authors: Curland, N.; Gethöffer, F.; van Neer, A.; Ziegler, L.; Heffels-Redmann, U.; Lierz, M.; Baumgärtner, W.; Wohlsein, P.; Völker, I.; Lapp, S.; Bello, A.; Pfankuche, V. 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E.; Siebert, U. title: Investigation into diseases in free-ranging ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) in northwestern Germany during population decline with special reference to infectious pathogens date: 2018-02-06 journal: Eur DOI: 10.1007/s10344-018-1173-2 sha: doc_id: 268094 cord_uid: ubz0q7e9 file: cache/cord-254148-wc762p6v.json key: cord-254148-wc762p6v authors: Prell, Tino; Siebecker, Frank; Lorrain, Michael; Eggers, Carsten; Lorenzl, Stefan; Klucken, Jochen; Warnecke, Tobias; Buhmann, Carsten; Tönges, Lars; Ehret, Reinhard; Wellach, Ingmar; Wolz, Martin title: Recommendations for Standards of Network Care for Patients with Parkinson’s Disease in Germany date: 2020-05-13 journal: J Clin Med DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051455 sha: doc_id: 254148 cord_uid: wc762p6v file: cache/cord-331421-rioeke67.json key: cord-331421-rioeke67 authors: Valentowitsch, Johann title: Flattening the COVID-19 Curve: The Impact of Contact Restrictions on the Infection Curve in Germany date: 2020-07-22 journal: Gesundheitswesen DOI: 10.1055/a-1194-4967 sha: doc_id: 331421 cord_uid: rioeke67 file: cache/cord-344553-uya1j94u.json key: cord-344553-uya1j94u authors: Bodova, K.; Boza, V.; Brejova, B.; Kollar, R.; Mikusova, K.; Vinar, T. title: Time-adjusted Analysis Shows Weak Associations Between BCG Vaccination Policy and COVID-19 Disease Progression date: 2020-05-06 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.01.20087809 sha: doc_id: 344553 cord_uid: uya1j94u file: cache/cord-326223-q6e60nf8.json key: cord-326223-q6e60nf8 authors: Gembardt, Florian; Sterner-Kock, Anja; Imboden, Hans; Spalteholz, Matthias; Reibitz, Franziska; Schultheiss, Heinz-Peter; Siems, Wolf-Eberhard; Walther, Thomas title: Organ-specific distribution of ACE2 mRNA and correlating peptidase activity in rodents date: 2005-02-16 journal: Peptides DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2005.01.009 sha: doc_id: 326223 cord_uid: q6e60nf8 file: cache/cord-288721-3bv3aak6.json key: cord-288721-3bv3aak6 authors: Schneider, Annika; Kurz, Sandra; Manske, Katrin; Janas, Marianne; Heikenwälder, Mathias; Misgeld, Thomas; Aichler, Michaela; Weissmann, Sebastian Felix; Zischka, Hans; Knolle, Percy; Wohlleber, Dirk title: Single organelle analysis to characterize mitochondrial function and crosstalk during viral infection date: 2019-06-11 journal: Sci Rep DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44922-9 sha: doc_id: 288721 cord_uid: 3bv3aak6 file: cache/cord-168710-a5pst4gf.json key: cord-168710-a5pst4gf authors: Jalilian, Abdollah; Mateu, Jorge title: A hierarchical spatio-temporal model to analyze relative risk variations of COVID-19: a focus on Spain, Italy and Germany date: 2020-09-28 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 168710 cord_uid: a5pst4gf file: cache/cord-276363-m8di6dpt.json key: cord-276363-m8di6dpt authors: Holm, Majbrit V.; Blank, Patricia R.; Szucs, Thomas D. title: Influenza vaccination coverage rates in Europe – covering five consecutive seasons (2001–2006) in five countries date: 2008-06-28 journal: Influenza Other Respir Viruses DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2008.00036.x sha: doc_id: 276363 cord_uid: m8di6dpt file: cache/cord-315064-2mgv9j6n.json key: cord-315064-2mgv9j6n authors: Escher, Felicitas; Pietsch, Heiko; Aleshcheva, Ganna; Bock, Thomas; Baumeier, Christian; Elsaesser, Albrecht; Wenzel, Philip; Hamm, Christian; Westenfeld, Ralph; Schultheiss, Maximilian; Gross, Ulrich; Morawietz, Lars; Schultheiss, Heinz‐Peter title: Detection of viral SARS‐CoV‐2 genomes and histopathological changes in endomyocardial biopsies date: 2020-06-12 journal: ESC Heart Fail DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12805 sha: doc_id: 315064 cord_uid: 2mgv9j6n file: cache/cord-254169-sjoiv70c.json key: cord-254169-sjoiv70c authors: Nakano, Katsuyuki title: Future risk of dengue fever to workforce and industry through global supply chain date: 2017-03-16 journal: Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Chang DOI: 10.1007/s11027-017-9741-4 sha: doc_id: 254169 cord_uid: sjoiv70c file: cache/cord-348495-pa6iqc83.json key: cord-348495-pa6iqc83 authors: Perrotta, D.; Grow, A.; Rampazzo, F.; Cimentada, J.; Del Fava, E.; Gil-Clavel, S.; Zagheni, E. title: Behaviors and attitudes in response to the COVID-19 pandemic: Insights from a cross-national Facebook survey date: 2020-05-15 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.09.20096388 sha: doc_id: 348495 cord_uid: pa6iqc83 file: cache/cord-269559-gvvnvcfo.json key: cord-269559-gvvnvcfo authors: Kergaßner, Andreas; Burkhardt, Christian; Lippold, Dorothee; Kergaßner, Matthias; Pflug, Lukas; Budday, Dominik; Steinmann, Paul; Budday, Silvia title: Memory-based meso-scale modeling of Covid-19: County-resolved timelines in Germany date: 2020-08-03 journal: Comput Mech DOI: 10.1007/s00466-020-01883-5 sha: doc_id: 269559 cord_uid: gvvnvcfo file: cache/cord-303489-ve1fgnyg.json key: cord-303489-ve1fgnyg authors: Klabunde, Thomas; Giegerich, Clemens title: How high and long will the COVID-19 wave be? A data-driven approach to model and predict the COVID-19 epidemic and the required capacity for the German health system date: 2020-04-17 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.14.20064790 sha: doc_id: 303489 cord_uid: ve1fgnyg file: cache/cord-344431-2wq7msqz.json key: cord-344431-2wq7msqz authors: Holzinger, Felix; Oslislo, Sarah; Möckel, Martin; Schenk, Liane; Pigorsch, Mareen; Heintze, Christoph title: Self-referred walk-in patients in the emergency department – who and why? Consultation determinants in a multicenter study of respiratory patients in Berlin, Germany date: 2020-09-10 journal: BMC Health Serv Res DOI: 10.1186/s12913-020-05689-2 sha: doc_id: 344431 cord_uid: 2wq7msqz file: cache/cord-292380-ulsejzqt.json key: cord-292380-ulsejzqt authors: Iwanejko, Jakub; Wojaczyńska, Elżbieta; Turlej, Eliza; Maciejewska, Magdalena; Wietrzyk, Joanna title: Octahydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-One-Based Aminophosphonic Acids and Their Derivatives—Biological Activity towards Cancer Cells date: 2020-05-22 journal: Materials (Basel) DOI: 10.3390/ma13102393 sha: doc_id: 292380 cord_uid: ulsejzqt file: cache/cord-005147-mvoq9vln.json key: cord-005147-mvoq9vln authors: nan title: Autorenregister date: 2017-02-23 journal: Med Genet DOI: 10.1007/s11825-017-0126-6 sha: doc_id: 5147 cord_uid: mvoq9vln file: cache/cord-329900-lq91rb8c.json key: cord-329900-lq91rb8c authors: Seiffert, Moritz; Brunner, Fabian J.; Remmel, Marko; Thomalla, Götz; Marschall, Ursula; L’Hoest, Helmut; Acar, Laura; Debus, Eike S.; Blankenberg, Stefan; Gerloff, Christian; Behrendt, Christian-Alexander title: Temporal trends in the presentation of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular emergencies during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany: an analysis of health insurance claims date: 2020-08-04 journal: Clin Res Cardiol DOI: 10.1007/s00392-020-01723-9 sha: doc_id: 329900 cord_uid: lq91rb8c file: cache/cord-345834-l2e5v39s.json key: cord-345834-l2e5v39s authors: Anacleto, M.A.; Brito, F.A.; de Queiroz, A.R.; Passos, E.; Santos, J.R.L. title: Diffusive process under Lifshitz scaling and pandemic scenarios date: 2020-08-20 journal: Physica A DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2020.125092 sha: doc_id: 345834 cord_uid: l2e5v39s file: cache/cord-337339-0vkigjv2.json key: cord-337339-0vkigjv2 authors: Osterrieder, Nikolaus; Bertzbach, Luca D.; Dietert, Kristina; Abdelgawad, Azza; Vladimirova, Daria; Kunec, Dusan; Hoffmann, Donata; Beer, Martin; Gruber, Achim D.; Trimpert, Jakob title: Age-Dependent Progression of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Syrian Hamsters date: 2020-07-20 journal: Viruses DOI: 10.3390/v12070779 sha: doc_id: 337339 cord_uid: 0vkigjv2 file: cache/cord-342160-snfm62js.json key: cord-342160-snfm62js authors: Panait, Luciana Cătălina; Stock, Graham; Globokar, Majda; Balzer, Jörg; Groth, Bernhard; Mihalca, Andrei Daniel; Pantchev, Nikola title: First report of Cytauxzoon sp. infection in Germany: organism description and molecular confirmation in a domestic cat date: 2020-07-17 journal: Parasitol Res DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06811-3 sha: doc_id: 342160 cord_uid: snfm62js file: cache/cord-351732-wws6ring.json key: cord-351732-wws6ring authors: Sarteschi, Christine M. title: Sovereign Citizens: A Narrative Review With Implications of Violence Towards Law Enforcement date: 2020-09-24 journal: Aggress Violent Behav DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2020.101509 sha: doc_id: 351732 cord_uid: wws6ring file: cache/cord-004584-bcw90f5b.json key: cord-004584-bcw90f5b authors: nan title: Abstracts: 8th EBSA European Biophysics Congress, August 23rd–27th 2011, Budapest, Hungary date: 2011-08-06 journal: Eur Biophys J DOI: 10.1007/s00249-011-0734-z sha: doc_id: 4584 cord_uid: bcw90f5b file: cache/cord-004894-75w35fkd.json key: cord-004894-75w35fkd authors: nan title: Abstract date: 2006-06-14 journal: Eur J Epidemiol DOI: 10.1007/s10654-006-9021-1 sha: doc_id: 4894 cord_uid: 75w35fkd file: cache/cord-008777-i2reanan.json key: cord-008777-i2reanan authors: nan title: ECB12: 12th European Congess on Biotechnology date: 2005-07-19 journal: J Biotechnol DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2005.06.005 sha: doc_id: 8777 cord_uid: i2reanan file: cache/cord-006860-a3b8hyyr.json key: cord-006860-a3b8hyyr authors: nan title: 40th Annual Meeting of the GTH (Gesellschaft für Thrombose- und Hämostaseforschung) date: 1996 journal: Ann Hematol DOI: 10.1007/bf00641048 sha: doc_id: 6860 cord_uid: a3b8hyyr file: cache/cord-004534-jqm1hxps.json key: cord-004534-jqm1hxps authors: nan title: Abstract date: 2009-06-09 journal: Eur Biophys J DOI: 10.1007/s00249-009-0478-1 sha: doc_id: 4534 cord_uid: jqm1hxps file: cache/cord-006229-7yoilsho.json key: cord-006229-7yoilsho authors: nan title: Abstracts of the 82(nd) Annual Meeting of the German Society for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (DGPT) and the 18(th) Annual Meeting of the Network Clinical Pharmacology Germany (VKliPha) in cooperation with the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Angewandte Humanpharmakologie e.V. (AGAH) date: 2016-02-06 journal: Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol DOI: 10.1007/s00210-016-1213-y sha: doc_id: 6229 cord_uid: 7yoilsho file: cache/cord-006230-xta38e7j.json key: cord-006230-xta38e7j authors: nan title: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie e.V. date: 2012-02-22 journal: Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol DOI: 10.1007/s00210-012-0736-0 sha: doc_id: 6230 cord_uid: xta38e7j file: cache/cord-022888-dnsdg04n.json key: cord-022888-dnsdg04n authors: nan title: Poster Sessions date: 2009-08-19 journal: Eur J Immunol DOI: 10.1002/eji.200990224 sha: doc_id: 22888 cord_uid: dnsdg04n file: cache/cord-015359-gf32a6f1.json key: cord-015359-gf32a6f1 authors: nan title: B scientific sessions (SS) date: 2002 journal: Eur Radiol DOI: 10.1007/s00330-002-0002-9 sha: doc_id: 15359 cord_uid: gf32a6f1 Reading metadata file and updating bibliogrpahics === updating bibliographic database Building study carrel named keyword-germany-cord === file2bib.sh === id: cord-028201-x57bhyhr author: Platz, Thomas title: German hospital capacities for prolonged mechanical ventilator weaning in neurorehabilitation – results of a representative survey date: 2020-07-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-028201-x57bhyhr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-028201-x57bhyhr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-028201-x57bhyhr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331421-rioeke67 author: Valentowitsch, Johann title: Flattening the COVID-19 Curve: The Impact of Contact Restrictions on the Infection Curve in Germany date: 2020-07-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331421-rioeke67.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331421-rioeke67.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-331421-rioeke67.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318766-vx0dnnxh author: Wendt, Ralph title: Comprehensive investigation of an in-hospital transmission cluster of a symptomatic SARS-CoV-2–positive physician among patients and healthcare workers in Germany date: 2020-06-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318766-vx0dnnxh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318766-vx0dnnxh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-318766-vx0dnnxh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-027027-2vxnmiyj author: Schartau, Patricia title: Male mortality and the German response: lessons from COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-027027-2vxnmiyj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-027027-2vxnmiyj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-027027-2vxnmiyj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329900-lq91rb8c author: Seiffert, Moritz title: Temporal trends in the presentation of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular emergencies during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany: an analysis of health insurance claims date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329900-lq91rb8c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329900-lq91rb8c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-329900-lq91rb8c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337037-xpj17vn4 author: Weigel, Ralf title: Global child health in Germany - Time for action date: 2020-10-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337037-xpj17vn4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337037-xpj17vn4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-337037-xpj17vn4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294815-mhqe3xjz author: Küchenhoff, H. title: Analysis of the early Covid-19 epidemic curve in Germany by regression models with change points date: 2020-10-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294815-mhqe3xjz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294815-mhqe3xjz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-294815-mhqe3xjz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298469-0sny9dit author: Schlickeiser, Reinhard title: A Gaussian model for the time development of the Sars-Cov-2 corona pandemic disease. Predictions for Germany made on March 30, 2020 date: 2020-04-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298469-0sny9dit.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298469-0sny9dit.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-298469-0sny9dit.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279557-hk77e3pp author: Drosten, Christian title: Clinical features and virological analysis of a case of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection date: 2013-06-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279557-hk77e3pp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279557-hk77e3pp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-279557-hk77e3pp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259562-e1htl489 author: Petzold, Moritz Bruno title: Risk, resilience, psychological distress, and anxiety at the beginning of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Germany date: 2020-07-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259562-e1htl489.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259562-e1htl489.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-259562-e1htl489.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287548-3wv9xcxh author: Plümper, Thomas title: The Pandemic Predominantly Hits Poor Neighbourhoods? SARS-CoV-2 Infections and Covid-19 Fatalities in German Districts date: 2020-08-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287548-3wv9xcxh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287548-3wv9xcxh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-287548-3wv9xcxh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252343-a85wz2hs author: Skoda, Eva-Maria title: Psychological burden of healthcare professionals in Germany during the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic: differences and similarities in the international context date: 2020-08-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252343-a85wz2hs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252343-a85wz2hs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-252343-a85wz2hs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299988-jaekryq5 author: Karte, Claudia title: Re-emergence of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in a piglet-producing farm in northwestern Germany in 2019 date: 2020-09-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299988-jaekryq5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299988-jaekryq5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-299988-jaekryq5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256635-zz58w3ro author: Beermann, Sandra title: Public health microbiology in Germany: 20 years of national reference centers and consultant laboratories date: 2015-08-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256635-zz58w3ro.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256635-zz58w3ro.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-256635-zz58w3ro.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-168710-a5pst4gf author: Jalilian, Abdollah title: A hierarchical spatio-temporal model to analyze relative risk variations of COVID-19: a focus on Spain, Italy and Germany date: 2020-09-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-168710-a5pst4gf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-168710-a5pst4gf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-168710-a5pst4gf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315064-2mgv9j6n author: Escher, Felicitas title: Detection of viral SARS‐CoV‐2 genomes and histopathological changes in endomyocardial biopsies date: 2020-06-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315064-2mgv9j6n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315064-2mgv9j6n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-315064-2mgv9j6n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-239527-69bxbhjh author: Montag, Felix title: Are temporary value-added tax reductions passed on to consumers? Evidence from Germany's stimulus date: 2020-08-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-239527-69bxbhjh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-239527-69bxbhjh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-239527-69bxbhjh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326223-q6e60nf8 author: Gembardt, Florian title: Organ-specific distribution of ACE2 mRNA and correlating peptidase activity in rodents date: 2005-02-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326223-q6e60nf8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326223-q6e60nf8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-326223-q6e60nf8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278508-h145cxlp author: Streng, Andrea title: Continued high incidence of children with severe influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 admitted to paediatric intensive care units in Germany during the first three post-pandemic influenza seasons, 2010/11–2012/13 date: 2015-12-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278508-h145cxlp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278508-h145cxlp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-278508-h145cxlp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331336-4kf2jn8c author: Aravindakshan, A. title: Restarting after COVID-19: A Data-driven Evaluation of Opening Scenarios date: 2020-05-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331336-4kf2jn8c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331336-4kf2jn8c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-331336-4kf2jn8c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318900-dovu6kha author: Pitschel, T. title: SARS-Cov-2 proliferation: an analytical aggregate-level model date: 2020-08-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318900-dovu6kha.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318900-dovu6kha.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-318900-dovu6kha.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269559-gvvnvcfo author: Kergaßner, Andreas title: Memory-based meso-scale modeling of Covid-19: County-resolved timelines in Germany date: 2020-08-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269559-gvvnvcfo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269559-gvvnvcfo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-269559-gvvnvcfo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-226245-p0cyzjwf author: Schneble, Marc title: Nowcasting fatal COVID-19 infections on a regional level in Germany date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-226245-p0cyzjwf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-226245-p0cyzjwf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-226245-p0cyzjwf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276363-m8di6dpt author: Holm, Majbrit V. title: Influenza vaccination coverage rates in Europe – covering five consecutive seasons (2001–2006) in five countries date: 2008-06-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276363-m8di6dpt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276363-m8di6dpt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-276363-m8di6dpt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285162-srkd3wh0 author: Jung, F. title: How we should respond to the Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 outbreak: A German perspective date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285162-srkd3wh0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285162-srkd3wh0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-285162-srkd3wh0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-033219-uwzgbpeo author: Naumann, Elias title: COVID‐19 policies in Germany and their social, political, and psychological consequences date: 2020-09-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-033219-uwzgbpeo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-033219-uwzgbpeo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-033219-uwzgbpeo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255465-sc1yzzsn author: Krasteva, Gabriela title: Caveolin-1 and -2 in airway epithelium: expression and in situ association as detected by FRET-CLSM date: 2006-08-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255465-sc1yzzsn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255465-sc1yzzsn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-255465-sc1yzzsn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344553-uya1j94u author: Bodova, K. title: Time-adjusted Analysis Shows Weak Associations Between BCG Vaccination Policy and COVID-19 Disease Progression date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344553-uya1j94u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344553-uya1j94u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-344553-uya1j94u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345834-l2e5v39s author: Anacleto, M.A. title: Diffusive process under Lifshitz scaling and pandemic scenarios date: 2020-08-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345834-l2e5v39s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345834-l2e5v39s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-345834-l2e5v39s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303489-ve1fgnyg author: Klabunde, Thomas title: How high and long will the COVID-19 wave be? A data-driven approach to model and predict the COVID-19 epidemic and the required capacity for the German health system date: 2020-04-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303489-ve1fgnyg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303489-ve1fgnyg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-303489-ve1fgnyg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289285-aof7xy13 author: Michaelis, Martin title: Glycyrrhizin Exerts Antioxidative Effects in H5N1 Influenza A Virus-Infected Cells and Inhibits Virus Replication and Pro-Inflammatory Gene Expression date: 2011-05-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289285-aof7xy13.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289285-aof7xy13.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-289285-aof7xy13.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-029402-5gun91ep author: Celi, Giuseppe title: A fragile and divided European Union meets Covid-19: further disintegration or ‘Hamiltonian moment’? date: 2020-07-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-029402-5gun91ep.txt cache: ./cache/cord-029402-5gun91ep.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-029402-5gun91ep.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304930-gf3cptnt author: Hinz, Sebastian title: The Digital Abutment Check: An Improvement of the Fully Digital Workflow date: 2020-10-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304930-gf3cptnt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304930-gf3cptnt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-304930-gf3cptnt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253720-s6hwui6n author: Andraz, Jorge M. title: Monitoring tourism flows and destination management: Empirical evidence for Portugal date: 2016-03-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253720-s6hwui6n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253720-s6hwui6n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-253720-s6hwui6n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270948-qfsjtflv author: Klosterhalfen, Stephanie title: Waterpipe Use among Adolescents in Germany: Prevalence, Associated Consumer Characteristics, and Trends (German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents, KiGGS) date: 2020-10-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270948-qfsjtflv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270948-qfsjtflv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-270948-qfsjtflv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337339-0vkigjv2 author: Osterrieder, Nikolaus title: Age-Dependent Progression of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Syrian Hamsters date: 2020-07-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337339-0vkigjv2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337339-0vkigjv2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-337339-0vkigjv2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333413-8buawes0 author: Liebing, J. title: Health status of free-ranging ring-necked pheasant chicks (Phasianus colchicus) in North-Western Germany date: 2020-06-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333413-8buawes0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333413-8buawes0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-333413-8buawes0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254169-sjoiv70c author: Nakano, Katsuyuki title: Future risk of dengue fever to workforce and industry through global supply chain date: 2017-03-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254169-sjoiv70c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254169-sjoiv70c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-254169-sjoiv70c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264526-bxpzo2xu author: Aydin, Malik title: House Dust Mite Exposure Causes Increased Susceptibility of Nasal Epithelial Cells to Adenovirus Infection date: 2020-10-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264526-bxpzo2xu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264526-bxpzo2xu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-264526-bxpzo2xu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342160-snfm62js author: Panait, Luciana Cătălina title: First report of Cytauxzoon sp. infection in Germany: organism description and molecular confirmation in a domestic cat date: 2020-07-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342160-snfm62js.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342160-snfm62js.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-342160-snfm62js.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289555-1z4vbldd author: Mühldorfer, Kristin title: Diseases and Causes of Death in European Bats: Dynamics in Disease Susceptibility and Infection Rates date: 2011-12-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289555-1z4vbldd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289555-1z4vbldd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-289555-1z4vbldd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339735-6964ktxr author: Empl, Michael T. title: The influence of chronic l-carnitine supplementation on the formation of preneoplastic and atherosclerotic lesions in the colon and aorta of male F344 rats date: 2014-08-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339735-6964ktxr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339735-6964ktxr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-339735-6964ktxr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257940-12nf27j4 author: Schwendicke, Falk title: Dental service utilization in the very old: an insurance database analysis from northeast Germany date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257940-12nf27j4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257940-12nf27j4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-257940-12nf27j4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288721-3bv3aak6 author: Schneider, Annika title: Single organelle analysis to characterize mitochondrial function and crosstalk during viral infection date: 2019-06-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288721-3bv3aak6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288721-3bv3aak6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-288721-3bv3aak6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-011794-ejoufvvj author: Binder, Florian title: Isolation and characterization of new Puumala orthohantavirus strains from Germany date: 2020-04-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-011794-ejoufvvj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-011794-ejoufvvj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-011794-ejoufvvj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292380-ulsejzqt author: Iwanejko, Jakub title: Octahydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-One-Based Aminophosphonic Acids and Their Derivatives—Biological Activity towards Cancer Cells date: 2020-05-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292380-ulsejzqt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292380-ulsejzqt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-292380-ulsejzqt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254148-wc762p6v author: Prell, Tino title: Recommendations for Standards of Network Care for Patients with Parkinson’s Disease in Germany date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254148-wc762p6v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254148-wc762p6v.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-254148-wc762p6v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351732-wws6ring author: Sarteschi, Christine M. title: Sovereign Citizens: A Narrative Review With Implications of Violence Towards Law Enforcement date: 2020-09-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351732-wws6ring.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351732-wws6ring.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-351732-wws6ring.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348495-pa6iqc83 author: Perrotta, D. title: Behaviors and attitudes in response to the COVID-19 pandemic: Insights from a cross-national Facebook survey date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348495-pa6iqc83.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348495-pa6iqc83.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-348495-pa6iqc83.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344431-2wq7msqz author: Holzinger, Felix title: Self-referred walk-in patients in the emergency department – who and why? Consultation determinants in a multicenter study of respiratory patients in Berlin, Germany date: 2020-09-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344431-2wq7msqz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344431-2wq7msqz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-344431-2wq7msqz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310775-6d5vi2c5 author: Brinks, Verena title: From Corona Virus to Corona Crisis: The Value of An Analytical and Geographical Understanding of Crisis date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310775-6d5vi2c5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310775-6d5vi2c5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-310775-6d5vi2c5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252244-y5w9hjy8 author: Loeffler-Wirth, H. title: Covid-19 trajectories: Monitoring pandemic in the worldwide context date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252244-y5w9hjy8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252244-y5w9hjy8.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-252244-y5w9hjy8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268094-ubz0q7e9 author: Curland, N. title: Investigation into diseases in free-ranging ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) in northwestern Germany during population decline with special reference to infectious pathogens date: 2018-02-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268094-ubz0q7e9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268094-ubz0q7e9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-268094-ubz0q7e9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345024-dtsi9qit author: Brauers, Hanna title: Comparing coal phase-out pathways: The United Kingdom’s and Germany’s diverging transitions date: 2020-10-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345024-dtsi9qit.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345024-dtsi9qit.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-345024-dtsi9qit.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-012518-ncrdwtdg author: nan title: Abstractband DOG 2020 date: 2020-08-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-012518-ncrdwtdg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-012518-ncrdwtdg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-012518-ncrdwtdg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-005147-mvoq9vln author: nan title: Autorenregister date: 2017-02-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-005147-mvoq9vln.txt cache: ./cache/cord-005147-mvoq9vln.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 8 resourceName b'cord-005147-mvoq9vln.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-006860-a3b8hyyr author: nan title: 40th Annual Meeting of the GTH (Gesellschaft für Thrombose- und Hämostaseforschung) date: 1996 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-006860-a3b8hyyr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-006860-a3b8hyyr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 8 resourceName b'cord-006860-a3b8hyyr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-004894-75w35fkd author: nan title: Abstract date: 2006-06-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-004894-75w35fkd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-004894-75w35fkd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 6 resourceName b'cord-004894-75w35fkd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-004584-bcw90f5b author: nan title: Abstracts: 8th EBSA European Biophysics Congress, August 23rd–27th 2011, Budapest, Hungary date: 2011-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-004584-bcw90f5b.txt cache: ./cache/cord-004584-bcw90f5b.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 10 resourceName b'cord-004584-bcw90f5b.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-006229-7yoilsho author: nan title: Abstracts of the 82(nd) Annual Meeting of the German Society for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (DGPT) and the 18(th) Annual Meeting of the Network Clinical Pharmacology Germany (VKliPha) in cooperation with the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Angewandte Humanpharmakologie e.V. (AGAH) date: 2016-02-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-006229-7yoilsho.txt cache: ./cache/cord-006229-7yoilsho.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 12 resourceName b'cord-006229-7yoilsho.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-006230-xta38e7j author: nan title: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie e.V. date: 2012-02-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-006230-xta38e7j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-006230-xta38e7j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 9 resourceName b'cord-006230-xta38e7j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-004534-jqm1hxps author: nan title: Abstract date: 2009-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-004534-jqm1hxps.txt cache: ./cache/cord-004534-jqm1hxps.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 10 resourceName b'cord-004534-jqm1hxps.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-008777-i2reanan author: nan title: ECB12: 12th European Congess on Biotechnology date: 2005-07-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-008777-i2reanan.txt cache: ./cache/cord-008777-i2reanan.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 14 resourceName b'cord-008777-i2reanan.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-015359-gf32a6f1 author: nan title: B scientific sessions (SS) date: 2002 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-015359-gf32a6f1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-015359-gf32a6f1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 11 resourceName b'cord-015359-gf32a6f1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-022888-dnsdg04n author: nan title: Poster Sessions date: 2009-08-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-022888-dnsdg04n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-022888-dnsdg04n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 8 resourceName b'cord-022888-dnsdg04n.txt' Que is empty; done keyword-germany-cord === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-027027-2vxnmiyj author = Schartau, Patricia title = Male mortality and the German response: lessons from COVID‐19 date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2040 sentences = 106 flesch = 58 summary = The current COVID‐19 outbreak has raised many questions, amongst them the higher mortality rates in men and the low overall mortality rates in Germany compared to other European countries. Over time this was confirmed by data collected by Global Health 50/50 (May 6th) in countries that had a high COVID-19 caseload; with death rates of 62% men and 38% women in Italy, 58% and 42% (respectively) in Spain, and 80% and 20% (respectively) in Greece. In the next section, we will move to discuss how governmental and public The current COVID-19 outbreak has raised many questions, amongst them the higher mortality rates in men and the low overall mortality rates in Germany compared to other European countries. 5 As it happens, one of the authors (PS) of this article was in the small town of Landsberg for a meeting on the day when Germany's first COVID-19 case was recorded there: the patient was a male who worked for a company that has two car plants in Wuhan in China. cache = ./cache/cord-027027-2vxnmiyj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-027027-2vxnmiyj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-029402-5gun91ep author = Celi, Giuseppe title = A fragile and divided European Union meets Covid-19: further disintegration or ‘Hamiltonian moment’? date = 2020-07-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4780 sentences = 226 flesch = 54 summary = Despite being symmetric in its very nature, the Covid-19 shock is affecting European economies in a very asymmetric way, threatening to deepen the divide between core and peripheral countries even more. Trying to answer these questions, we shall briefly review the institutional and structural causes of the increasing divergence between core and SP, shedding light on three momentous events: the creation of the monetary union, the 2008 financial crisis and the Covid-19 shock. To conclude, the two peripheries-the Southern one, made up of the Mediterranean economies, and the Eastern one, with the prominent role of the Visegrad countries-suffer from different fragilities, which descend from their common, albeit diverse, economic and financial dependence on the core. Special international conditionsnamely, China's huge growth, which gobbled up German capital goods and highquality durable consumer products (particularly cars), and the vigorous American recovery-supported Germany's ability to redirect its trade flows, expand its market shares outside the EMU, and make a speedy return to its pre-crisis production levels. cache = ./cache/cord-029402-5gun91ep.txt txt = ./txt/cord-029402-5gun91ep.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299988-jaekryq5 author = Karte, Claudia title = Re-emergence of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in a piglet-producing farm in northwestern Germany in 2019 date = 2020-09-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3145 sentences = 194 flesch = 54 summary = title: Re-emergence of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in a piglet-producing farm in northwestern Germany in 2019 After initial confirmation of PEDV by real-time RT-PCR, fecal material and small intestine samples from affected pigs were subjected to metagenomic analyses employing next-generation sequencing. Phylogenetic analyses showed high identities among the PEDV sequences obtained from samples of different animals and a close relation to recent strains from Hungary and France. After reports from Asia, that a new PEDV variant caused considerable losses [12, 13] , that highly virulent PEDV variant emerged also in the United States (US) in 2013, with swine farms experiencing explosive epidemics affecting all age classes of animals, with up to 95% mortality in suckling pigs [2, 14] . Emergence of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in the United States: clinical signs, lesions, and viral genomic sequences cache = ./cache/cord-299988-jaekryq5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299988-jaekryq5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-011794-ejoufvvj author = Binder, Florian title = Isolation and characterization of new Puumala orthohantavirus strains from Germany date = 2020-04-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5972 sentences = 309 flesch = 51 summary = Additionally, glycoprotein precursor (GPC)-derived virus-like particles of a German PUUV sequence allowed the generation of monoclonal antibodies that allowed the reliable detection of the isolated PUUV strain in the immunofluorescence assay. Finally, the reactivity of the isolates was determined with novel monoclonal antibodies raised against PUUV GPC VLPs. Bank voles were trapped in spring 2019 in the PUUV endemic region around Osnabrück following a standard snap trapping protocol [25, 26] . Dissection on site and inoculation of VeroE6 and bank vole MGN-2-R cells with homogenized lung samples resulted after three blind passages in four potential isolates that were detected by a novel PUUV RT-qPCR (Table S1 , Fig. 1) . Reactivity of novel PUUV GPC-specific monoclonal antibodies with hantavirus-infected VeroE6 cells in immunofluorescence assay (IFA). In conclusion, the PUUV isolate described here replicates in a bank vole cell line and its N and GPC proteins can be detected by specific monoclonal antibodies. cache = ./cache/cord-011794-ejoufvvj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-011794-ejoufvvj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298469-0sny9dit author = Schlickeiser, Reinhard title = A Gaussian model for the time development of the Sars-Cov-2 corona pandemic disease. Predictions for Germany made on March 30, 2020 date = 2020-04-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2385 sentences = 172 flesch = 66 summary = For Germany it is predicted that the first wave of the corona pandemic disease reaches its maximum of new infections on April 11th, 2020 +5.4-3.4 days with 90 percent confidence. In these days there is a very high interest in the societal, economical and political world to understand the time evolution of the first wave of infections of the population by the current Sars-Cov-2 (corona) virus. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.31.20048942 doi: medRxiv preprint per day, we assume that its time evolution is given by the Gaussian function The infections are handable by hospitals for all times if at the maximum of the virus evolution 0.01αI 0 , denoting the maximum number of seriously sick persons per day needing access to breathing apparati, is less or equal to I n , i.e. It seems that German hospitals can only ensure the best treatment of all NSSPs at the maximum of first wave if either (1) the number of available breathing apparati can be increased by a factor of 3, corresponding to b = 210 per day. cache = ./cache/cord-298469-0sny9dit.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298469-0sny9dit.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253720-s6hwui6n author = Andraz, Jorge M. title = Monitoring tourism flows and destination management: Empirical evidence for Portugal date = 2016-03-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5188 sentences = 240 flesch = 51 summary = We propose the use of a tool recently introduced by Gayer (2010), known as the "economic climate tracer", to analyze and monitor the cyclical evolution of tourism source markets to Portugal. On the contrary, tourism from the Netherlands and the UK, have displayed irregular patterns, which demonstrates the urgency to diversify tourism source markets to reduce the country's vulnerability to external shocks and economic cycles. These short cycles were observed in tourism from all sources, with the exception of tourism coming from Germany, which exhibited positive and increasing growth rates (Fig. 3a) . We analyze the tourism flows of domestic tourists and tourists coming from the main international source markets -Germany, the Netherlands, Spain and the UK -which together represent on average 75.0% of the total number of overnight stays in the country. cache = ./cache/cord-253720-s6hwui6n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253720-s6hwui6n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285162-srkd3wh0 author = Jung, F. title = How we should respond to the Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 outbreak: A German perspective date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4634 sentences = 256 flesch = 61 summary = Figure 1 shows that until March 20 (day 80), the daily cases of new confirmed infections increased with doubling times between 1-5 days, showing a strong exponential rise of positive tests for SARS-CoV-2 infections in Germany. Common elements of these Asian states were the immediate action of governments to implement certain social distancing strategies and the wearing of face masks in public to reduce the number of new cases, which has proven to be effective to prevent transmission from infected individuals [15] . This led to a longer phase of exponential growth of SARS-CoV-2 infections and deaths in Germany, France and Italy and caused cumulative case numbers to grow significantly higher in comparison to the East-Asian countries (Fig. 2) . Until the end of March (day 91), Japan, however, has managed to stabilize these at under 5,000 confirmed cases, while Germany had almost 71,000 and France almost 52,000 confirmed SARS-Cov-2 infections. cache = ./cache/cord-285162-srkd3wh0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285162-srkd3wh0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294815-mhqe3xjz author = Küchenhoff, H. title = Analysis of the early Covid-19 epidemic curve in Germany by regression models with change points date = 2020-10-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4049 sentences = 226 flesch = 57 summary = title: Analysis of the early Covid-19 epidemic curve in Germany by regression models with change points We apply the segmented regression model to time series of the estimated daily numbers of infections for Bavaria and Germany. Since the back propagation algorithm yields an estimate for the expected values of the number of daily infections and does so by inducing a smoothing effect, as a sensitivity analysis for the location of the breakpoints, we also apply the model to the time series of the daily number of disease onsets. In Figure 1 , the three different time series of daily cases (reported, disease onset and estimated infection date) are presented. For the Bavarian data on disease onset, the model with K = 4 change points gives the best result with an estimate of the over-dispersion parameter of 3.8, i.e., the variance of Y t is 3.8 times higher than the value of Var(Y t ) = E(Y t ) otherwise expected under the assumption of the Poisson regression model. cache = ./cache/cord-294815-mhqe3xjz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294815-mhqe3xjz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255465-sc1yzzsn author = Krasteva, Gabriela title = Caveolin-1 and -2 in airway epithelium: expression and in situ association as detected by FRET-CLSM date = 2006-08-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5663 sentences = 307 flesch = 52 summary = METHODS: Western blotting, real-time quantitative PCR analysis of abraded tracheal epithelium and laser-assisted microdissection combined with subsequent mRNA analysis were used to examine the expression of cav-1 and cav-2, two major caveolar coat proteins, in rat tracheal epithelium. Immunoreactivities for cav-1 and for cav-2 were co-localized in the cell membrane of the basal cells and basolaterally in the ciliated epithelial cells of large airways of rat and human. To address the molecular composition of caveolae, we determined the molecular association of cav-1α and cav-2 in tracheal epithelial cells in tissue sections by double-labeling indirect immunofluorescence combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) analysis. RT-PCR analysis of total mRNA isolated from rat lungs and abraded tracheal epithelial cells revealed expression of cav-1 and cav-2. Conventional indirect double-labeling immunofluorescence with subsequent FRET-CLSM analysis was conducted to determine whether cav-1 and cav-2 are in close apposition in airway epithelial cells in situ, thereby indicating an association of both proteins and formation of hetero-oligomers. cache = ./cache/cord-255465-sc1yzzsn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255465-sc1yzzsn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-028201-x57bhyhr author = Platz, Thomas title = German hospital capacities for prolonged mechanical ventilator weaning in neurorehabilitation – results of a representative survey date = 2020-07-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1558 sentences = 87 flesch = 41 summary = A brief survey among members of the German Neurorehabilitation Society aimed to document the hospital capacities ("beds") for prolonged weaning from a mechanical ventilator for patients with neuro-disabilities that require simultaneous multi-professional neurorehabilitation treatment. Both the broad variation of number of "beds" for prolonged weaning per unit and their unequal geographical distribution across federal states (per capita rate) warrant a more refined follow-up survey that will provide insights into reasons for the observed pattern of variation for these specialized hospital capacities. The German Neurorehabilitation Society (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Neurorehabilitation, DGNR e.V.) conducted a survey among its members to document hospital capacities ("beds") for prolonged weaning for patients with neuro-disabilities that require simultaneous multiprofessional neurorehabilitation treatment ("neuro-weaning beds"). This representative survey indicated substantial hospital capacities for combined prolonged weaning and neurorehabilitation with a total of 1094 "neuro-weaning beds" in Germany. The survey generated a crude estimate of hospital capacities ("beds") for prolonged weaning from a mechanical ventilator for patients with neuro-disabilities that require simultaneous multi-professional neurorehabilitation treatment. cache = ./cache/cord-028201-x57bhyhr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-028201-x57bhyhr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289285-aof7xy13 author = Michaelis, Martin title = Glycyrrhizin Exerts Antioxidative Effects in H5N1 Influenza A Virus-Infected Cells and Inhibits Virus Replication and Pro-Inflammatory Gene Expression date = 2011-05-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4282 sentences = 270 flesch = 42 summary = title: Glycyrrhizin Exerts Antioxidative Effects in H5N1 Influenza A Virus-Infected Cells and Inhibits Virus Replication and Pro-Inflammatory Gene Expression Here, the effects of an approved parenteral glycyrrhizin preparation (Stronger Neo-Minophafen C) were investigated on highly pathogenic influenza A H5N1 virus replication, H5N1-induced apoptosis, and H5N1-induced pro-inflammatory responses in lung epithelial (A549) cells. The mechanism by which glycyrrhizin interferes with H5N1 replication and H5N1-induced pro-inflammatory gene expression includes inhibition of H5N1-induced formation of reactive oxygen species and (in turn) reduced activation of NFκB, JNK, and p38, redox-sensitive signalling events known to be relevant for influenza A virus replication. Glycyrrhizin 200 mg/ml (the maximum tested concentration) did not affect A549 cell viability (data not shown) but clearly decreased CPE formation in A549 cells infected with the H5N1 influenza strain A/Thailand/1(Kan-1)/04 at MOIs of 0.01, 0.1 or 1 ( Figure 1A ). Here, we show that glycyrrhizin inhibits the replication of highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza A virus, H5N1-induced apoptosis, and H5N1-induced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in lung-derived A549 cells. cache = ./cache/cord-289285-aof7xy13.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289285-aof7xy13.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264526-bxpzo2xu author = Aydin, Malik title = House Dust Mite Exposure Causes Increased Susceptibility of Nasal Epithelial Cells to Adenovirus Infection date = 2020-10-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5032 sentences = 283 flesch = 47 summary = This ex vivo pilot study shows the impact of AdV infection and HDM exposition in a primary cell culture model for asthma. Although various studies have investigated the molecular roles of some respiratory viruses in allergic pathways [14, 15] , the relationship between AdV infection and HDM sensitization in asthma exacerbation has not been sufficiently analyzed. To analyze AdV infection in the context of HDM sensitization, we utilized primary nasal NAEPCs derived from our pediatric exacerbation study cohort in submerged 2D and organotypic 3D cell culture models. Especially on day 3 after HDM exposure, we observed an enhanced AdV mediated luciferase activity in HDM-provoked NAEPCs from asthmatics, compared to NAEPCs derived from healthy cells ( Figure 6 ). Here, we characterized the effects of HDM exposition on AdV infection in an ex vivo cell culture models of NAEPCs of exacerbated pediatric asthmatics and healthy controls from our pediatric exacerbation study. cache = ./cache/cord-264526-bxpzo2xu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264526-bxpzo2xu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278508-h145cxlp author = Streng, Andrea title = Continued high incidence of children with severe influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 admitted to paediatric intensive care units in Germany during the first three post-pandemic influenza seasons, 2010/11–2012/13 date = 2015-12-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4702 sentences = 237 flesch = 41 summary = title: Continued high incidence of children with severe influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 admitted to paediatric intensive care units in Germany during the first three post-pandemic influenza seasons, 2010/11–2012/13 CONCLUSIONS: Active screening showed a continued high incidence of A(H1N1)pdm09-associated PICU admissions in the post-pandemic seasons 1 and 3, and indicated possible underestimation of incidence in previous German studies. Based on cases recorded by a nation-wide paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) reporting system, the pre-pandemic (2005/06-2007/08), pandemic (2009/10) and post-pandemic (2010/ 11) annual incidence of severe influenza cases per 100,000 children below 15 or 17 years of age was estimated as 0.05, 0.8-1.0, and 0.4, respectively [18] [19] [20] . During the first three post-pandemic seasons 2010/11, 2011/12 and 2012/13, active screening of children with acute respiratory infection admitted to 24 paediatric intensive care units in Bavaria identified a total of 51 PCR-confirmed influenza cases, resulting in annual incidence estimates of 1.7, 0.7, and 1.8 influenza-associated PICU admissions per 100,000 children, respectively. cache = ./cache/cord-278508-h145cxlp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278508-h145cxlp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-226245-p0cyzjwf author = Schneble, Marc title = Nowcasting fatal COVID-19 infections on a regional level in Germany date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5163 sentences = 286 flesch = 63 summary = Given that death counts generally provide more reliable information on the spread of the disease compared to infection counts, which inevitably depend on testing strategy and capacity, the proposed model and the presented results allow to obtain reliable insight into the current state of the pandemic in Germany. The data are provided by the Robert-Koch-Institute (www.rki.de) and give the cumulative number of deaths in different gender and age groups for each of the 412 administrative districts in Germany together with the date of registration of the infection. In Figure 2 we combine these different components and map the fitted nowcasted death counts related to Covid-19 for the different districts of Germany, cumulating over the last seven days before the day of analysis (here May 14, 2020). Let Y t,r,g denote the number of daily deaths due to COVID-19 in district/region r and age and gender group g with time point (date of registration) t = 0, . cache = ./cache/cord-226245-p0cyzjwf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-226245-p0cyzjwf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-012518-ncrdwtdg author = nan title = Abstractband DOG 2020 date = 2020-08-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 32627 sentences = 2475 flesch = 59 summary = The improvement in tear film quality (measured by TBUT) was shown after application of trehalose/hyaluronate tear substitute for one month in both, glaucoma and control group patients with mild to moderate dry eye symptoms. Methods: For 351 eyes (275 patients) who underwent DMEK for Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD), donor ECD decrease as compared to preoperative donor ECD was evaluated up to four years after surgery. The present study included fundus images of 111 individuals with a mean refractive error of -9.3 ± 3.8 diopters (range:-20.8, +1.75) and an axial length of 26.8 ± 1.9 mm (range: 22.55, 30.88) Results: The disc-fovea distance increased significantly with longer axial length, with a relatively flat slope in the non-highly myopic eyes (Disc-Fovea-Distance = 24.3 × Axial Length (mm)+514) and a steeper slope in the highly myopic group (Disc-Fovea-Distance = 58.7 × Axial Length (mm)-460). cache = ./cache/cord-012518-ncrdwtdg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-012518-ncrdwtdg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252244-y5w9hjy8 author = Loeffler-Wirth, H. title = Covid-19 trajectories: Monitoring pandemic in the worldwide context date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7923 sentences = 425 flesch = 50 summary = Different models, mostly assuming a series of diseases states such as the 'Susceptible-Infected-Removed' (SIR) types (see below) have been used to describe 'epi-curves' of selected countries and regions under consideration of i) spatial heterogeneous outbreak and transmission scenarios, and ii) the effect of NPIs [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] . The obtained trajectories then enable to visually estimate the dynamic state of epidemic in terms of simple shape characteristics such as slope, parallel shifts or turning points with direct relations to transmission and removal rates of the disease. They enable monitoring the state in terms of differences and similarities between the countries and geographic regions revealing specifics and commons of epidemic spread: (i) A unique linear slope of most of the trajectories in the intermediate abscissa range is indicative for exponential growth in early phases of the outbreak of the pandemic (low level of immunity in the population). cache = ./cache/cord-252244-y5w9hjy8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252244-y5w9hjy8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304930-gf3cptnt author = Hinz, Sebastian title = The Digital Abutment Check: An Improvement of the Fully Digital Workflow date = 2020-10-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3472 sentences = 190 flesch = 44 summary = In the present case, the preexisting maxillary removable complete denture was converted into a fixed immediate restoration using the fully digital workflow. However, the main challenge for the prosthetic treatment team (dentist, dental technician) in the implementation of a fully digital All-on-X workflow is to transfer the final implant position to the definitive restoration. The final planning included the insertion of four implants in the upper jaw and a fixed, provisional immediate restoration, which should be transferred to a definitive fixed partial denture (FPD) after the healing period of six months. Using a silicone occlusion key (SHERA-DUETT-SOFT, SHERA Werkstoff-Technologie GmbH & Co.KG, Lemförde, Germany), the surgical template was placed in the patient and fixed in its definite position with anchor pins (Guided Anchor Pin, Nobel Biocare AG). In the final treatment session, the provisional FPD was removed and the definitive and veneered FPD was screwed on with 15 Ncm. The fit of the FPD was optimal; the occlusion was checked and optimized with minimal grinding measures. cache = ./cache/cord-304930-gf3cptnt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304930-gf3cptnt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333413-8buawes0 author = Liebing, J. title = Health status of free-ranging ring-necked pheasant chicks (Phasianus colchicus) in North-Western Germany date = 2020-06-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5556 sentences = 306 flesch = 51 summary = Being a typical ground-breeding bird of the agricultural landscape in Germany, the pheasant has experienced a strong and persistent population decline with a hitherto unexplained cause. In the present study, 62 free-ranging pheasant chicks were caught within a two-year period in three federal states of Germany; Lower Saxony, North Rhine-Westphalia and Schleswig-Holstein. Pheasant chick deaths may often have been triggered by poor nutritional status, probably in association with inflammatory changes in various tissues and organs as well as bacterial and parasitic pathogens. In 2014 and 2015, the Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research (ITAW), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover and the Wildlife Research Institute, State Office for Nature, Environment and Consumer Protection of North Rhine-Westphalia caught free-living Ring-necked Pheasant chicks from Lower Saxony (Cuxhaven, Grafschaft Bentheim, Emsland, Osnabrück, Vechta), North Rhine-Westphalia (Coesfeld, Warendorf) and Schleswig-Holstein (Dithmarschen) to assess the health state by means of pathological, microbiological, virological, parasitological and toxicological investigations. cache = ./cache/cord-333413-8buawes0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333413-8buawes0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279557-hk77e3pp author = Drosten, Christian title = Clinical features and virological analysis of a case of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection date = 2013-06-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4214 sentences = 243 flesch = 55 summary = BACKGROUND: The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is an emerging virus involved in cases and case clusters of severe acute respiratory infection in the Arabian Peninsula, Tunisia, Morocco, France, Italy, Germany, and the UK. [4] [5] [6] Here, we provide a full description of a fatal case of MERS-CoV infection imported to Munich, Germany, from Abu Dhabi, including a chronological profi le of virus concentrations in diverse body compartments. We subjected all available MERS-CoV genome sequences to phylogenetic analysis, including a correlation and regression analysis of known dates of virus isolation versus tree branch lengths (fi gure 3). Without quantitative laboratory data from well documented cases of MERS-CoV infection, most considerations had been made on the basis of an assumed analogy to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The recorded viral load profi le, with highest RNA concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage and tracheobronchial aspirates, confi rms suggestions made in another report about the preferential use of lower-respiratory-tract samples for virus diagnostic tests. cache = ./cache/cord-279557-hk77e3pp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279557-hk77e3pp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-239527-69bxbhjh author = Montag, Felix title = Are temporary value-added tax reductions passed on to consumers? Evidence from Germany's stimulus date = 2020-08-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5431 sentences = 297 flesch = 64 summary = Using a unique dataset containing the universe of price changes at fuel stations in Germany and France in June and July 2020, we employ a difference-in-differences strategy and find that pass-through is fast and substantial but remains incomplete for all fuel types. We estimate the pass-through rate for diesel and gasoline using a unique dataset containing the universe of price changes at fuel stations in Germany and France in June and July 2020 and employing a differencein-differences strategy. Our unique dataset allows us to observe all price changes for around 23, 000 fuel stations across Germany and France before and after the temporary VAT rate reduction. To estimate the average pass-through rate of the VAT reduction, we use a differencein-differences strategy, where we compare daily prices of the three main fuel types sold at fuel stations in Germany and France before and after the policy change. cache = ./cache/cord-239527-69bxbhjh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-239527-69bxbhjh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257940-12nf27j4 author = Schwendicke, Falk title = Dental service utilization in the very old: an insurance database analysis from northeast Germany date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5634 sentences = 275 flesch = 46 summary = In multi-variable analysis, social hardship status (OR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.12-1.16), federal state (Brandenburg 0.85; 0.84–0.87; Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania: 0.80; 0.78–0.82), and age significantly affected utilization (0.95; 0.95–0.95/year), together with a range of co-morbidities according to ICD-10 and DRG. In a previous study and building on claims data, we found a disparate utilization of prosthetic services in the very old, with those aged 85 years or older, those living rural, and those with severe general health conditions utilizing prosthetic services, by large, to a lower degree than younger, urban living and only limitedly sick seniors [7] . In the present study, we used claims data from a large health insurance in northeast Germany to assess dental service utilization in the very old. We hypothesized that the utilization of dental services in the very old was associated with an individual's age, general health status, place of living, and social status. cache = ./cache/cord-257940-12nf27j4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257940-12nf27j4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287548-3wv9xcxh author = Plümper, Thomas title = The Pandemic Predominantly Hits Poor Neighbourhoods? SARS-CoV-2 Infections and Covid-19 Fatalities in German Districts date = 2020-08-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3076 sentences = 176 flesch = 56 summary = In fact, we find that in the second phase of the pandemic, poorer and more socially deprived districts start to have higher than average Covid-19 mortality rates. In phase 2 and controlling for path dependency, the population of poorer and more socially deprived districts is at least equally likely to get infected, but the probability to die from Covid-19 is statistically significantly higher. • In Germany, the virus mainly entered via tourists returning from ski holidays in the Alps and accordingly wealthier districts initially recorded higher and more socially deprived districts recorded lower Covid-19 infection rates during the first phase of the pandemic in which the virus could spread largely unhampered by social distancing measures. • Controlling for the path dependency of infections, wealthier districts now record lower and more socially deprived districts record higher Covid-19 mortality rates during the second phase of the pandemic in which lockdown was in place. cache = ./cache/cord-287548-3wv9xcxh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287548-3wv9xcxh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252343-a85wz2hs author = Skoda, Eva-Maria title = Psychological burden of healthcare professionals in Germany during the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic: differences and similarities in the international context date = 2020-08-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2912 sentences = 156 flesch = 51 summary = In total, 2224 HPs (physicians n = 492, nursing staff n = 1511, paramedics n = 221) and 10 639 non-healthcare professionals (nHPs) were assessed including generalized anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-2), current health status (EQ-5D-3L), COVID-19-related fear, subjective level of information regarding COVID-19. RESULTS: HPs showed less generalized anxiety, depression and COVID-19-related fear and higher health status and subjective level of information regarding COVID-19 than the nHPs. Within the HP groups, nursing staff were the most psychologically burdened. In this study, nHPs reported overall higher levels of psychological burden than the HPs, which is particularly pronounced in generalized anxiety and depression scores. In the investigated sample, nursing staff seems to be the most vulnerable group for mental health burden during the COVID-19 pandemic, whereas a high subjective level of information seems to be associated with less psychological burden. cache = ./cache/cord-252343-a85wz2hs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252343-a85wz2hs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318900-dovu6kha author = Pitschel, T. title = SARS-Cov-2 proliferation: an analytical aggregate-level model date = 2020-08-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3841 sentences = 215 flesch = 53 summary = An intuitive mathematical model describing the virus proliferation is presented and its parameters estimated from time series of observed reported CoViD-19 cases in Germany. Approximating the model evolution as continuous process even at small time intervals 1 Caution in the usage of numbers from pure incidence analysis is required: As consequence of the way the raw data is obtained in [HLWea20] , only infectiousness around the moment of symptom onset is in fact fully observed. Therefore, at the present state of this text, such estimation can only serve to determine reasonable bounds on the parameters of the model, rather than to give a reliable forecast of expect number of eventual infections. In this study a novel model for virus proliferation dynamics was developed and with it the SARS-Cov-2 outbreak in Germany retraced on an aggregate level, using CoViD-19 case count data by the Robert-Koch Institute in Berlin. cache = ./cache/cord-318900-dovu6kha.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318900-dovu6kha.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256635-zz58w3ro author = Beermann, Sandra title = Public health microbiology in Germany: 20 years of national reference centers and consultant laboratories date = 2015-08-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3876 sentences = 203 flesch = 40 summary = In 1995, in agreement with the German Federal Ministry of Health, the Robert Koch Institute established a public health microbiology system consisting of national reference centers (NRCs) and consultant laboratories (CLs). As part of this concept, the RKI implemented a weekly epidemiological bulletin, formed the Committee for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, trained epidemiologists for surveillance and outbreak investigation and set up a system of national reference laboratories: national reference centers (NRCs) and consultant laboratories (CLs) (Petersen et al., 2000) . In the next step, the Advisory Board for Public Health Microbiology (formerly called the Committee for Infectious Disease Epidemiology) assesses the proposal and provides the RKI with a recommendation on whether to set up a new laboratory. At the end of each appointment period, an evaluation of the laboratories is performed by the RKI in cooperation with the Advisory Board for Public Health Microbiology, which again consults national and international professional societies and experts. cache = ./cache/cord-256635-zz58w3ro.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256635-zz58w3ro.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318766-vx0dnnxh author = Wendt, Ralph title = Comprehensive investigation of an in-hospital transmission cluster of a symptomatic SARS-CoV-2–positive physician among patients and healthcare workers in Germany date = 2020-06-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1553 sentences = 91 flesch = 50 summary = title: Comprehensive investigation of an in-hospital transmission cluster of a symptomatic SARS-CoV-2–positive physician among patients and healthcare workers in Germany We investigated potential transmissions of a symptomatic SARS-CoV-2–positive physician in a tertiary-care hospital who worked for 15 cumulative hours without wearing a face mask. We tested all 254 potential contacts of the symptomatic SARS-CoV-2-positive index physician, including 67 patients, and 187 nurses and doctors, technical and medical assistants, and other healthcare staff, on day 5 after the exposure by specific RT-PCR from nose and throat swabs or pharyngeal lavage, irrespective of reported symptoms. We tested a large number of possible contact persons of a symptomatic SARS-CoV-2-infected physician among HCWs and patients on day 5 after exposure; all were negative. 6 For further analysis and confirmation of our results, we investigated the serum of all high-risk contacts (n = 23) on days 15 or 16 and 22 or 23 for SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies. cache = ./cache/cord-318766-vx0dnnxh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318766-vx0dnnxh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339735-6964ktxr author = Empl, Michael T. title = The influence of chronic l-carnitine supplementation on the formation of preneoplastic and atherosclerotic lesions in the colon and aorta of male F344 rats date = 2014-08-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5172 sentences = 257 flesch = 47 summary = We therefore investigated whether a 1-year administration of different l-carnitine concentrations (0, 1, 2 and 5 g/l) via drinking water leads to an increased incidence of preneoplastic lesions (so-called aberrant crypt foci) in the colon of Fischer 344 rats as well as to the appearance of atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta of these animals. No significant difference between the test groups regarding the formation of lesions in the colon and aorta of the rats was observed, suggesting that, under the given experimental conditions, l-carnitine up to a concentration of 5 g/l in the drinking water does not have adverse effects on the gastrointestinal and vascular system of Fischer 344 rats. Therefore, we investigated whether a chronic administration of different l-carnitine concentrations via drinking water leads to an increased number of aberrant crypt foci (ACF), which are considered preneoplastic lesions associated with colorectal cancer formation (Bird 1995) , in the colon of male Fischer 344 rats. cache = ./cache/cord-339735-6964ktxr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339735-6964ktxr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337037-xpj17vn4 author = Weigel, Ralf title = Global child health in Germany - Time for action date = 2020-10-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2545 sentences = 123 flesch = 46 summary = Universities in the UK and other European countries provide leadership in research and education for global child health to inform related policy and practice, but the German contribution is inadequate. Although this lack of representation is not necessarily a sign of a lack of participation in the international scientific debate, the few opportunities German researchers have to engage in global child health research and education at universities suggest that this is, in fact, the case. Many opportunities exist for paediatricians and other health workers caring for children to engage with the realities of global child health in research and education. The German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) has helped to establish 28 cooperations between universities in Germany and low-and middle-income countries with its 'Partnership for Health Care in Developing Countries' programme [28] , some addressing maternal and child health. cache = ./cache/cord-337037-xpj17vn4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337037-xpj17vn4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331336-4kf2jn8c author = Aravindakshan, A. title = Restarting after COVID-19: A Data-driven Evaluation of Opening Scenarios date = 2020-05-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3998 sentences = 206 flesch = 55 summary = By combining the model with measures of policy contributions on mobility reduction, we forecast scenarios for relaxing various types of NPIs. Our model finds that, in Germany, policies that mandated contact restrictions (e.g., movement in public space limited to two persons or people co-living), initial business closures (e.g., restaurant closures), stay-at-home orders (e.g., prohibition of non-essential trips), non-essential services (e.g., florists, museums) and retail outlet closures led to the sharpest drops in movement within and across states. Nevertheless, to the best of our knowledge, no study quantifies the effects of the types and timings of the implementation and relaxation of government policy interventions in reducing mobility and in turn decreasing the spread of COVID-19. Using data from the 16 states of Germany, we explore the effectiveness of different NPIs ( Figure 3 ) in reducing social mobility, and in turn affecting the spread of the disease. cache = ./cache/cord-331336-4kf2jn8c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331336-4kf2jn8c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289555-1z4vbldd author = Mühldorfer, Kristin title = Diseases and Causes of Death in European Bats: Dynamics in Disease Susceptibility and Infection Rates date = 2011-12-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5764 sentences = 303 flesch = 44 summary = Comparative analysis of pathological findings and microbiological results show that microbial agents indeed have an impact on bats succumbing to infectious diseases, with fatal bacterial, viral and parasitic infections found in at least 12% of the bats investigated. The clear seasonal and individual variations in disease prevalence and infection rates indicate that maternity colonies are more susceptible to infectious agents, underlining the possible important role of host physiology, immunity and roosting behavior as risk factors for infection of bats. In this study, we provide new data on infectious diseases in European bat species, considering factors likely to affect the susceptibility of bats to infectious agents including effects of seasonality, individual and species-specific heterogeneities, and possible intra-and inter-species transmission dynamics. Comparative bacteriologic and histo-pathologic analysis identified 22 different bacterial species that were clearly associated with pathological lesions and/or systemic infection, found in 17% (n = 73) of bats investigated bacteriologically ( Table 5) . cache = ./cache/cord-289555-1z4vbldd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289555-1z4vbldd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259562-e1htl489 author = Petzold, Moritz Bruno title = Risk, resilience, psychological distress, and anxiety at the beginning of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Germany date = 2020-07-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3501 sentences = 191 flesch = 51 summary = An online survey in the general population in China showed that more than half of the participants rated the psychological impact of the events as moderate-to-severe and 16.5% reported depressive and 28.8% anxiety symptoms of moderate-to-severe intensity during the initial stage of the pandemic. Another study from China showed a lower prevalence of symptoms of psychological distress in Chinese workforce during the COVID-19 outbreak Tan, Hao, et al., 2020) , and particularly, individuals with preexisting (mental) health issues seem to suffer from psychological strain in the context of the pandemic . Hence, the aim of the present study was to assess psychological distress, anxiety, and depression with regard to the COVID-19 pandemic and to analyze possible risk and protective factors. Our study represents the first study that assesses psychological distress, anxiety, and depression as well as risk and protective factors in the current COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. cache = ./cache/cord-259562-e1htl489.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259562-e1htl489.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-033219-uwzgbpeo author = Naumann, Elias title = COVID‐19 policies in Germany and their social, political, and psychological consequences date = 2020-09-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4656 sentences = 212 flesch = 56 summary = In this paper, we will focus on Germany, briefly summarize the main policies during the first 6 weeks of confinement and then explore political attitudes, risk perceptions, and the social consequences of the lockdown. Finally, we explore the psychological reactions of the public focusing on how threatened people feel by the COVID-19 pandemic, how they rate their individual infection risk and their ability to control an infection, and the perceived likelihood of severe illness if infected (see Appendix for the exact wording of questions and response scale). Our analysis of survey data starting at the peak of the first wave briefly after the lockdown was introduced shows very high approval rates of these policy measures which might explain their success in effectively delaying the spread and reducing new infections to below 1,000 per day by mid-May. Also, Germany managed to keep the number of deaths at a very low level throughout the crisis (see contributions by Malandrino (2020) on Italy and by Colfer (2020) , covering the UK, in this issue). cache = ./cache/cord-033219-uwzgbpeo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-033219-uwzgbpeo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270948-qfsjtflv author = Klosterhalfen, Stephanie title = Waterpipe Use among Adolescents in Germany: Prevalence, Associated Consumer Characteristics, and Trends (German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents, KiGGS) date = 2020-10-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5542 sentences = 321 flesch = 60 summary = The German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS) study and studies of the Federal Centre for Health Education (BZgA) such as the Drug Affinity Study have collected data on awareness about and use of WP, differentiated according to migration background, frequency of consumption, and combined consumption of tobacco cigarettes, WPs, e-products, and tobacco heaters [16, 30] . More specifically, based on data of the second wave of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS Wave 2), in the present study, we aimed to (i) investigate the prevalence of WP consumption among 11-to 17-year-old boys and girls; (ii) describe the frequency of WP use and the self-assessed smoking status; (iii) examine the associations between sociodemographic factors, smoking status and WP consumption among adolescents; and (iv) to monitor trends between the previous and the current wave of the KiGGS study. cache = ./cache/cord-270948-qfsjtflv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270948-qfsjtflv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345024-dtsi9qit author = Brauers, Hanna title = Comparing coal phase-out pathways: The United Kingdom’s and Germany’s diverging transitions date = 2020-10-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10309 sentences = 563 flesch = 50 summary = Each workshops focused on a different set of topics, either touching more socio-political (e.g. health concerns, climate and environmental regulation options) or techno-economic (e.g. number of job losses and possible replacements, technical replacement of coal with renewable energies, grid stability, affordability) aspects as well as the response strategies of the coal regime (e.g. modelling phase-out pathways, liability issues). The declining role of coal combined with widely appreciated and available alternatives like local natural gas, nuclear energy, and renewable energy helped to generate public support for climate change policies. Several policies introduced after 2006 constrained coal's business opportunities long before the final phase-out decision in 2015, especially the CPF, the Renewables Obligation (RO), the Emissions Performance Standard (EPS), as well as more in general the Climate Change Act and the related carbon budgets. cache = ./cache/cord-345024-dtsi9qit.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345024-dtsi9qit.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310775-6d5vi2c5 author = Brinks, Verena title = From Corona Virus to Corona Crisis: The Value of An Analytical and Geographical Understanding of Crisis date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7555 sentences = 406 flesch = 51 summary = In our observation of the public discourse in Germany, at the beginning of 2020 the government as many others in the Western hemisphere looked at the early epicentre of the pandemic, the Wuhan region in China, 'with a combination of fascination and fear' but without any sense of urgency or immediate threat until new information about corona infections in Europe emerged (Boin et al. The agenda we suggest here is thus a bit different from previous geographical studies that use the term crisis prominently to signify they are dealing with severe problems within specific empirical fields, like, for instance, the bursting of financial bubbles in mortgage and real estate markets (e.g. Aalbers 2009) or emergency practices in humanitarian aid (e.g. Fredriksen 2014 ). cache = ./cache/cord-310775-6d5vi2c5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310775-6d5vi2c5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268094-ubz0q7e9 author = Curland, N. title = Investigation into diseases in free-ranging ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) in northwestern Germany during population decline with special reference to infectious pathogens date = 2018-02-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8168 sentences = 451 flesch = 46 summary = title: Investigation into diseases in free-ranging ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) in northwestern Germany during population decline with special reference to infectious pathogens In the present study, carcasses of 258 deceased free-ranging pheasants of different age groups, predominantly adult pheasants, collected over a period of 4 years in the states of Lower Saxony, North Rhine–Westphalia and Schleswig-Holstein, were examined pathomorphologically, parasitologically, virologically and bacteriologically, with a focus set on infectious pathogens. In China, antibodies against infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) were detected in 14 out of 40 samples of free-ranging pheasants (Gu et al. The aim of the present study was to elucidate pathogens in free-ranging pheasants during the current population decline in Northwestern Germany using pathomorphological, virological, microbiological and parasitological investigations. Non-purulent mostly perivascularly accentuated inflammations with different cellular compositions and gradual variable infiltrations of lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages were detected in 68 birds (68.7% of affected pheasants) (Fig. 2) . cache = ./cache/cord-268094-ubz0q7e9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268094-ubz0q7e9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331421-rioeke67 author = Valentowitsch, Johann title = Flattening the COVID-19 Curve: The Impact of Contact Restrictions on the Infection Curve in Germany date = 2020-07-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1454 sentences = 75 flesch = 56 summary = Although Germany is coping well with the coronavirus crisis, many voices are currently being raised that fundamentally question the success of the contact restriction strategy to contain the virus. According to estimates by the Robert Koch Institute, the effective basic reproductive number dropped below the critical mark just a few weeks after the outbreak of the disease [6] . In this study, I look at the daily infection rate in Germany and, based on a set of plausible basic reproduction numbers, estimate how the infection rate would have developed had the social lockdown not occurred. For the calibration of the estimate I use the number of cases documented by the Robert Koch Institute, an independent German fe-deral authority for infectious diseases and non-communicable diseases. Germany is currently well positioned in the coronavirus crisis, which can be attributed not least to the effect of the official contact restriction measures. cache = ./cache/cord-331421-rioeke67.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331421-rioeke67.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254148-wc762p6v author = Prell, Tino title = Recommendations for Standards of Network Care for Patients with Parkinson’s Disease in Germany date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5349 sentences = 267 flesch = 41 summary = title: Recommendations for Standards of Network Care for Patients with Parkinson's Disease in Germany Thus, one recommendation for standard of care in the initial phase of the disease course is physician awareness of the first signs of PD (which could be achieved with better information and secondary prevention standards in the network) and early referral of patients to a movement disorder specialist (which could be achieved by specific disease management programmes). For these patients, at the border between inpatient and outpatient care and the need for sophisticated treatment strategies, the new comprehensive, individual, and interdisciplinary concept of a PD day clinic has proven to be effective [25] . In general, a neurologist should be responsible for long-term medical care of patients with PD, and movement disorder specialists should be involved when there is a special issue. cache = ./cache/cord-254148-wc762p6v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254148-wc762p6v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344553-uya1j94u author = Bodova, K. title = Time-adjusted Analysis Shows Weak Associations Between BCG Vaccination Policy and COVID-19 Disease Progression date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3861 sentences = 176 flesch = 49 summary = In this study, we ascertain the associations between BCG vaccination policies and progression of COVID-19 through analysis of various time-adjusted indicators either directly extracted from the incidence and death reports, or estimated as parameters of disease progression models. The associations between BCG vaccination policy and COVID-19 disease progression have also been a subject to controversy in data analysis, with some studies claiming significant effects on the number of cases and case fatality rates (Miller et al., 2020; Berg et al., 2020) , while others criticizing weaknesses of those studies and claiming no statistically significant differences (Szigeti et al., 2020; Hensel et al., 2020; Fukui et al., 2020; Singh, 2020) . In this study, we have estimated a variety of indicators characteristic for different stages of COVID-19 epidemics, also adjusting for time since the beginning of the epidemics in each country, and found that several key indicators show weak, but statistically significant, associations with BCG vaccination status. cache = ./cache/cord-344553-uya1j94u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344553-uya1j94u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288721-3bv3aak6 author = Schneider, Annika title = Single organelle analysis to characterize mitochondrial function and crosstalk during viral infection date = 2019-06-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5604 sentences = 309 flesch = 39 summary = Thus, single-organelle and multi-parameter resolution allows to explore altered energy metabolism and antiviral defence by tagged mitochondria selectively in virus-infected cells and will be instrumental to identify viral immune escape and to develop and monitor novel mitochondrial-targeted therapies. When challenged with high concentrations of calcium (100 µM), mitochondria isolated from virus-infected livers are much more fragile shown by time-dependent loss of membrane potential and change of their morphology indicated by decrease in side-scatter (Fig. 2F ). Number of viable mitochondria detected per second by flow-cytometry declined after calcium challenge, consistent with loss of mitochondrial integrity, and did so much faster in samples from virus-infected livers (Fig. 2F ). In order to further evaluate mitochondrial functionality, we challenged mitochondria with Ca 2+ as stress test and performed time kinetic measurements of DilC 1 (5) fluorescence and side-scatter of mito-DsRed + and mito-DsRed − mitochondria isolated from Ad-CMV-mitoRL infected livers. cache = ./cache/cord-288721-3bv3aak6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288721-3bv3aak6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-168710-a5pst4gf author = Jalilian, Abdollah title = A hierarchical spatio-temporal model to analyze relative risk variations of COVID-19: a focus on Spain, Italy and Germany date = 2020-09-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4576 sentences = 277 flesch = 53 summary = In this paper, we use a spatio-temporal stochastic model to explain the temporal and spatial variations in the daily number of new confirmed cases in Spain, Italy and Germany from late February to mid September 2020. To account for the underlying temporal and spatial autocorrelation structure in the spread of COVID-19, available data on the daily number of new cases and deaths in different countries/regions have already been analyzed in a considerable number of studies. Variations of the random rate Λ it relative to the expected number of cases E it provide useful information about the spatio-temporal risk of COVID-19 in the whole spatial domain of interest during the study period. For example, a histogram with heights Table 4 presents the Bayesian estimates (posterior means) for every parameter of the considered model fitted to the daily number of new COVID-19 cases in Spain, Italy and Germany. cache = ./cache/cord-168710-a5pst4gf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-168710-a5pst4gf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326223-q6e60nf8 author = Gembardt, Florian title = Organ-specific distribution of ACE2 mRNA and correlating peptidase activity in rodents date = 2005-02-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3948 sentences = 238 flesch = 54 summary = Biochemical analysis revealed that angiotensin-converting enzyme related carboxy-peptidase (ACE2) cleaves angiotensin (Ang) II to Ang-(1–7), a heptapeptide identified as an endogenous ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor Mas. No data are currently available that systematically describe ACE2 distribution and activity in rodents. Therefore, we analyzed the ACE2 expression in different tissues of mice and rats on mRNA (RNase protection assay) and protein levels (immunohistochemistry, ACE2 activity, western blot). Although ACE2 mRNA in both investigated species showed the highest expression in the ileum, the mouse organ exceeded rat ACE2, as also demonstrated in the kidney and colon. Using a commercial polyclonal antibody in western blot for the quantification of protein levels in mouse and rat tissues (Fig. 4) a pattern completely different from RNA expression and ACE2 activity was found. cache = ./cache/cord-326223-q6e60nf8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326223-q6e60nf8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276363-m8di6dpt author = Holm, Majbrit V. title = Influenza vaccination coverage rates in Europe – covering five consecutive seasons (2001–2006) in five countries date = 2008-06-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3347 sentences = 255 flesch = 58 summary = Despite this knowledge and ongoing efforts by policy-makers, physicians and other healthcare providers, influenza vaccination rates in the five European countries surveyed remain limited, with the additional effect that manufacturing capacity may be too low for producing a sufficient amount of an appropriate monovalent vaccine when a pandemic occurs. Published literature evaluating vaccination coverage rates in Europe shows that importance placed on influenza vaccination varies greatly between countries. This survey is an ongoing assessment of influenza coverage rates in France, Great Britain, Italy, Spain, and Germany. The impact of chronic illness on the vaccination rate was significantly lower after multivariate adjustment, mainly due to taking into account the effect of age (Germany OR: 2AE3, 95% CI: 2AE0; 2AE6, Italy OR: 5AE0, 95% CI: 4AE2; 6AE0, France OR: 3AE4, 95% CI: 2AE7; 4AE2 and Spain OR: 3AE3, 95% CI: 2AE8; 4AE0). cache = ./cache/cord-276363-m8di6dpt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276363-m8di6dpt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348495-pa6iqc83 author = Perrotta, D. title = Behaviors and attitudes in response to the COVID-19 pandemic: Insights from a cross-national Facebook survey date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7494 sentences = 312 flesch = 50 summary = Our goal in this paper is to provide insights into the relation between participants' demographic characteristics and (i) the threat they perceive COVID-19 to pose to various levels of society, (ii) the confidence they have in the preparedness of different national and international organizations to handle the current crisis, and (iii) the behavioral measures (preventive measures and social distancing measures) they have taken to protect themselves from the coronavirus. The questionnaire consists of four topical sections: (i) socio-demographic indicators (age, sex, country of birth, country of residence, level of education, household size and composition); (ii) health indicators (underlying medical conditions, flu vaccination status, pregnancy, symptoms experienced in the previous seven days); (iii) opinions and behaviors (perceived threat from COVID-19, level of trust in institutions, level of confidence in sources of information, preventive measures taken, disruptions to daily routine); (iv) social contact data, i.e. the number of interactions that respondents had the day before participating in the survey in different settings (at home, at school, at work, or in other locations). cache = ./cache/cord-348495-pa6iqc83.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348495-pa6iqc83.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254169-sjoiv70c author = Nakano, Katsuyuki title = Future risk of dengue fever to workforce and industry through global supply chain date = 2017-03-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6284 sentences = 300 flesch = 51 summary = The results indicate that more than 10% of the workers involved in the supply chain of all the major industries in the United States (USA), China, Japan, and Germany could be considered at risk of contracting dengue fever by 2030. The effect of widespread dengue fever infection could influence industrial activities severely, not only in the regions most at risk (India and Brazil) but also in the other regions (USA, Japan, and Germany). 2015) Number of workers at risk of dengue per value of production of each industrial sector (direct impact) Multi-regional input-output (MRIO) tables (Wood et al. An industrial sector located in the upper right side of the graph has higher production value and a large number of workers at risk of contracting dengue fever; therefore, this industry would be specifically advised to introduce countermeasures to manage the effects of the disease. cache = ./cache/cord-254169-sjoiv70c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254169-sjoiv70c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315064-2mgv9j6n author = Escher, Felicitas title = Detection of viral SARS‐CoV‐2 genomes and histopathological changes in endomyocardial biopsies date = 2020-06-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3813 sentences = 241 flesch = 48 summary = Accordingly, we prospectively analysed endomyocardial biopsies (EMBs) from a cohort of 104 samples of patients with suspected myocarditis or unexplained heart disease for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA by RT-qPCR and hints for histopathological injury. Up to 8 EMBs each of 104 patients [mean age: 57.90 ± 16.37 years; left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF): 33.7 ± 14.6%, sex: n = 79 male/25 female] with suspected myocarditis or unexplained heart failure were analysed between 3 February and 26 March 2020 in German clinical centres in accordance with SARS-CoV2 spread in Germany. In this study, we established for the first time the evidence of SARS-CoV-2 genome detection in 5 of 104 EMBs of patients with suspected myocarditis or unexplained heart failure. Our finding of SARS-CoV-2 genome detection in EMBs of patients suffering from myocarditis/inflammatory cardiomyopathy cannot rule out or confirm the infection of cardiac cells but revealed incremental insights into organ-specific infection of SARS-CoV-2 using possibly macrophage migration as a shuttle from the lung to the heart. cache = ./cache/cord-315064-2mgv9j6n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315064-2mgv9j6n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303489-ve1fgnyg author = Klabunde, Thomas title = How high and long will the COVID-19 wave be? A data-driven approach to model and predict the COVID-19 epidemic and the required capacity for the German health system date = 2020-04-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4825 sentences = 230 flesch = 58 summary = This study aims to describe the impact of these control measures on the spread of the disease for Italy and Germany, forecast the epidemic trend of COVID-19 in both countries and estimate the medical capacity requirements in terms of hospital beds and intensive care units (ICUs) for optimal clinical treatment of severe and critical COVID-19 patients, for the Germany health system. Based on the projected number of new COVID-19 cases we expect that the hospital capacity requirements for severe and critical cases in Germany will decline from the 2nd week of April onwards from 13,500 to ~2500 hospital beds (range 1500-4300) and from 2500 to ~500 ICU beds in early May (range 300-800). Since early March several European governments have implemented numerous control measures to reduce the transmission of the disease and decrease the number of new daily cases of COVID-19 so that fewer patients need to seek treatment at any given time and avoid overwhelming hospital capacity, commonly referred as "flattening the curve". cache = ./cache/cord-303489-ve1fgnyg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303489-ve1fgnyg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269559-gvvnvcfo author = Kergaßner, Andreas title = Memory-based meso-scale modeling of Covid-19: County-resolved timelines in Germany date = 2020-08-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4492 sentences = 257 flesch = 54 summary = Here, we combine a spatially resolved county-level infection model for Germany with a memory-based integro-differential approach capable of directly including medical data on the course of disease, which is not possible when using traditional SIR-type models. Based on the history of S, other quantities and subgroups can be determined directly from including medical data on the various courses and infectiousness levels of the disease via corresponding integration weights: We distinguish between the states infectious γ I , symptomatic γ S , tested and quarantined γ Q , hospitalized γ H , in intensive care γ ICU , recovered γ R and deceased γ D . Figure 6 shows the model predicted spatial distribution at county resolution of infectious, symptomatic, hospitalized, and patients in intensive care, following from the individual disease courses in Fig. 1 . cache = ./cache/cord-269559-gvvnvcfo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269559-gvvnvcfo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344431-2wq7msqz author = Holzinger, Felix title = Self-referred walk-in patients in the emergency department – who and why? Consultation determinants in a multicenter study of respiratory patients in Berlin, Germany date = 2020-09-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7367 sentences = 376 flesch = 42 summary = Determinants of SRW consultation identified by logistic regression were younger age (p < 0.001), tertiary education (p = 0.032), being a first-generation migrant (p = 0.002) or tourist (p = 0.008), having no regular primary care provider (p = 0.036) and no chronic pulmonary illness (p = 0.017). Personal distress and access problems in ambulatory care were stated most frequently as consultation motives in the SRW group; network analysis showed the scarcity of associations between demographic and medical SRW determinants and motives triggering the actual decision to consult. To gain a deeper understanding of ED utilization determinants in a population with an exemplary symptomatology, we aimed to comprehensively explore demographic and medical characteristics as well as consultation motives of self-referred walk-in ED patients presenting with respiratory symptoms. The multicenter mixed methods EMACROSS (Emergency and Acute Care for Respiratory Diseases beyond Sectoral Separation) study investigates characteristics, motives and health care utilization of patients with respiratory symptoms in a network of eight EDs in the central district of Berlin, Germany (Berlin-Mitte). cache = ./cache/cord-344431-2wq7msqz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344431-2wq7msqz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-005147-mvoq9vln author = nan title = Autorenregister date = 2017-02-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 86573 sentences = 4356 flesch = 45 summary = Using whole-exome sequencing and trio-based de novo analysis, we identified a novel heterozygous de novo frameshift variant in the leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR) gene causing instability of the mRNA in a patient presenting with bilateral CAKUT and requiring kidney transplantation at one year of age. Loss of cdkl5 associated with deficient mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling in mice and human cells We and other groups have shown that mutations in the X-linked cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) gene cause a severe neurodevelopmental disorder with clinical features including intellectual disability, early-onset intractable seizures and autism, that are closely related to those present in Rett syndrome (RTT) patients. Functional characterization of novel GNB1 mutations as a rare cause of global developmental delay Over the past years, prioritization strategies that combined the molecular predictors of sequence variants from exomes and genomes of patients with rare Mendelian disorders with computer-readable phenotype information became a highly effective method for detecting disease-causing mutations. cache = ./cache/cord-005147-mvoq9vln.txt txt = ./txt/cord-005147-mvoq9vln.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329900-lq91rb8c author = Seiffert, Moritz title = Temporal trends in the presentation of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular emergencies during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany: an analysis of health insurance claims date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3350 sentences = 178 flesch = 41 summary = CONCLUSIONS: Admission rates for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular emergencies declined during the pandemic in Germany, while patients' comorbidities and treatment allocations remained unchanged. n.s. The percentage of patients admitted for cardiovascular or cerebrovascular emergencies, who underwent interventional or open-surgical procedures during the hospital stay, were similar between pre-COVID and COVID periods for STEMI (84.7-86.3%), NSTEMI (58.0-60.5%), acute limb ischemia (81.9-82.8%), aortic rupture (51.5-56.7%), stroke (18.4-19.1%), and TIA (2.1-2.2%) (Fig. 2 and Table 1 ). This analysis of a large dataset of routinely collected health insurance claims demonstrated a marked decrease in hospital admission rates for several cardiovascular and cerebrovascular emergencies during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. In this large-scale retrospective analysis of health insurance claims, we observed a marked decrease of in-hospital admission rates for acute cardiovascular and cerebrovascular emergencies including myocardial infarction, acute limb ischemia, stroke, and transient ischemic attack during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. cache = ./cache/cord-329900-lq91rb8c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329900-lq91rb8c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345834-l2e5v39s author = Anacleto, M.A. title = Diffusive process under Lifshitz scaling and pandemic scenarios date = 2020-08-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5230 sentences = 286 flesch = 62 summary = Furthermore, we depicted the cumulative cases curves of COVID-19, reproducing the spreading of the pandemic between the cities of São Paulo and São José dos Campos, Brazil. In our investigation, we introduce a new version of the diffusion equation inspired by Horava's work, and we use it to fit real active cases data of COVID-19 from Germany, Spain and Brazil. We can observe that the black solid curves are in good agreement with the pandemic data, and they predict that the active cases of COVID-19 would be fully controlled in Spain after day 120 (June 11, 2020), where the number of infected people is less than 1000. We can observe that our model successfully reproduces the evolution of the pandemic in theses two cities if we consider z = 50, which is the same value used to fit Spain and Brazil's active cases curves in the previous section. These models were used to fit real active cases data of COVID-19 from three different countries (Germany, Spain, and Brazil). cache = ./cache/cord-345834-l2e5v39s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345834-l2e5v39s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337339-0vkigjv2 author = Osterrieder, Nikolaus title = Age-Dependent Progression of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Syrian Hamsters date = 2020-07-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4327 sentences = 220 flesch = 47 summary = We propose that comparative assessment in young versus aged hamsters of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and treatments may yield valuable information, as this small-animal model appears to mirror age-dependent differences in human patients. Moreover, transgenic mice expressing human ACE2 represent a lethal SARS-CoV-2 infection model resulting in significant weight loss and permitting robust virus replication in the respiratory tract including the lungs [20] . In contrast to SARS-CoV-2 titers, histopathological changes differed markedly between young and aged Syrian hamsters over time: younger animals launched more severe reactions at early time points after infection, while lesions and inflammation in the lungs became more pronounced and widespread at later time points in the elderly. Based on the data presented here, we propose that comparative preclinical assessments of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and other treatment options in young versus aged hamsters may yield valuable and relevant results, as this small animal model appears to mimic age-dependent differences in humans. cache = ./cache/cord-337339-0vkigjv2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337339-0vkigjv2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292380-ulsejzqt author = Iwanejko, Jakub title = Octahydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-One-Based Aminophosphonic Acids and Their Derivatives—Biological Activity towards Cancer Cells date = 2020-05-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6156 sentences = 349 flesch = 52 summary = Bearing in mind the remarkable precedents of improving the efficacy of cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines by insertion of aminophosphonate moiety and the results of our previous research, we directed our examinations toward the evaluation of antiproliferative properties of the phosphonic derivatives of octahydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one. Bearing in mind the remarkable precedents of improving the efficacy of cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines by insertion of aminophosphonate moiety and the results of our previous research, we directed our examinations toward the evaluation of antiproliferative properties of the phosphonic derivatives of octahydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one. Afterwards, wells were washed five times with water and 50 µL of 0.4% solution of SRB (sulforhodamine B, Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH, Steinheim, Germany) in 1% acetic acid (POCh, Gliwice, Poland) was added to each well and plates were again incubated at RT for 30 min. The unbound dye was removed by washing plates five times with 1% acetic acid, while stained cells were treated with 10 mM TRIS (Tris base, Sigma-Aldrich, Chemie GmbH, Steinheim, Germany). cache = ./cache/cord-292380-ulsejzqt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292380-ulsejzqt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342160-snfm62js author = Panait, Luciana Cătălina title = First report of Cytauxzoon sp. infection in Germany: organism description and molecular confirmation in a domestic cat date = 2020-07-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3555 sentences = 255 flesch = 54 summary = Cytauxzoonosis is described as an emerging tick-borne disease of domestic and wild felids caused by protozoans of the genus Cytauxzoon. infection in a domestic cat in Germany, these findings suggest that cytauxzoonosis should be considered as a differential diagnosis in cases of anaemia in outdoor domestic cats, particularly in areas where wild felid populations are present. In Europe, an unnamed species of Cytauxzoon was reported not only in domestic cats from Spain (Criado-Fornelio et al. The cat patient in the current report was also diagnosed with a FIV infection, being presented in a critical condition a few days following clinical examination due to suspected kidney disease. infection in domestic cats in Central Europe and describes the clinical and laboratory findings in association with FIV infection. Results advocate that cytauxzoonosis should be considered as a differential diagnosis in cases of anaemia in domestic cats with an outdoor lifestyle, particularly in areas where populations of wild felids are present. cache = ./cache/cord-342160-snfm62js.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342160-snfm62js.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351732-wws6ring author = Sarteschi, Christine M. title = Sovereign Citizens: A Narrative Review With Implications of Violence Towards Law Enforcement date = 2020-09-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5897 sentences = 354 flesch = 60 summary = The DHS definition is narrower and focuses only on sovereign citizen extremists which they define as "groups or individuals who facilitate or engage in acts of violence directed at public officials, financial institutions, and government facilities in support of their belief that the legitimacy of the U.S. citizenship should be rejected, almost all forms of established government, authority, and institutions are illegitimate and that they are immune from federal, state and local laws" (U.S. Department of Homeland Security, 2014, p. In another instance that could have been deadly for law enforcement, an officer pulled over Sovereign citizen deadly violence against LEOs, has also occurred during the course of an ambush. Exploring the movement's threat to law enforcement involved a collection of 94 instances in which sovereign citizens did harm police officers, attempted to harm them or threatened to do so. cache = ./cache/cord-351732-wws6ring.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351732-wws6ring.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-004584-bcw90f5b author = nan title = Abstracts: 8th EBSA European Biophysics Congress, August 23rd–27th 2011, Budapest, Hungary date = 2011-08-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 106850 sentences = 5038 flesch = 41 summary = Our goals are two-fold: (1) to monitor conformational changes in each domain upon its binding to specific ligands and then to correlate the observed changes with structural differences between the CRDs and (2) to investigate the interaction between the CRDs and lipid model membranes. Cholesterol-assisted lipid and protein interactions such as the integration into lipid nanodomains are considered to play a functional part in a whole range of membrane-associated processes, but their direct and non-invasive observation in living cells is impeded by the resolution limit of [200nm of a conventional far-field optical microscope. Therefore, to investigate the dynamic and complex membrane lateral organization in living cells, we have developed an original approach based on molecule diffusion measurements performed by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy at different spatial scales (spot variable FCS, svFCS) (1). cache = ./cache/cord-004584-bcw90f5b.txt txt = ./txt/cord-004584-bcw90f5b.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-004894-75w35fkd author = nan title = Abstract date = 2006-06-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 92116 sentences = 6264 flesch = 51 summary = The unadjusted median (25-75% percentile) sperm concentration in the non-exposed group (n = 90) is 49 (23-86) mill/ml compared to 33 (12-63) mill/ml among men exposed to >19 cigarettes per day in fetal life (n = 26 Aim: To estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity, and their effects in physical activity (PA) levels of Portuguese children and adolescents aged 10-18 years. Objectives: a) To estimate the sex-and age-adjusted annual rate of tuberculosis infection (ARTI) (per 100 person-years [%py]) among the HCWs, as indicated by tuberculin skin test conversion (TST) conversion, b) to identify occupational factors associated with significant variations in the ARTI, c) to investigate the efficacy of the regional preventive guidelines. Objectives: We assessed the total burden of adverse events (AE), and determined treatment-related risk factors for the development of various AEs. Methods: The study cohort included 1362 5-year survivors, treated in the Emma Childrens Hospital AMC in the Netherlands between 1966-1996. cache = ./cache/cord-004894-75w35fkd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-004894-75w35fkd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-008777-i2reanan author = nan title = ECB12: 12th European Congess on Biotechnology date = 2005-07-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 151383 sentences = 7577 flesch = 43 summary = Mollerup Department of Chemical Engineering, Building 229, DTU, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark A variety of factors that govern the properties of proteins are utilized in the development of chromatographic processes for the recovery of biological products including the binding and release of protons, the non-covalent association with non-polar groups (often hydrophobic interactions), the association of small ions (ion exchange) and the highly specific antigen-antibody interaction (affinity interactions). Such fermenters will be needed in order to meet the increasing pressure on costs for low price commodity type products such as single cell protein or food and technical grade enzymes, and to meet the demands of the new wave of white biotech, in which bio-produced chemicals must be made at prices competitive with those of the traditional chemical industry. The presentation will focus on use of the sensitive sandwich hybridization technology for the quantitative analysis of process relevant marker genes in different kind of microbial cell cultures with a focus on the production of recombinant proteins. cache = ./cache/cord-008777-i2reanan.txt txt = ./txt/cord-008777-i2reanan.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-004534-jqm1hxps author = nan title = Abstract date = 2009-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 139023 sentences = 6450 flesch = 42 summary = HIV-1 to efficiently complete a replication cycle has to integrate its genome into the host cellular DNA.After HIV-1 enters target cells,neosynthesized viral DNA forms along with other proteins the pre-integration complex (PIC).PICs are then transported into the nucleus where integration,catalyzed by the viral integrase,takes place.HIV-1 viral particles engineered to incorporate integrase fused to EGFP have proven effective to study PICs within nuclei of infected cells.In this study we report the live imaging analysis of nuclear PIC dynamics obtained by time-lapse microscopy.Intranuclear trajectories of IN-EGFP-labeled PIC were collected in three dimensions and examined by both mean squared displacement (MSD) and cage diameter (CD) analysis.In CD the maximum distances measured between two positions occupied by a PIC in a time window of 2 minutes were calculated while in our MSD analysis 5-minute long trajectory segments were considered.Remarkably,MSD revealed the presence of an underlying active transport mechanism.To test the possible role of actin filaments,PIC nuclear trafficking was analyzed in cells treated with latrunculin B (actin polymerization inhibitor).Preliminary results suggest that the disruption of actin function impairs the active nuclear movement of PICs. Second harmonic generation microscopy reveals sarcomere contractile dynamics of cardiomyocytes N. cache = ./cache/cord-004534-jqm1hxps.txt txt = ./txt/cord-004534-jqm1hxps.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-006860-a3b8hyyr author = nan title = 40th Annual Meeting of the GTH (Gesellschaft für Thrombose- und Hämostaseforschung) date = 1996 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 90660 sentences = 5152 flesch = 50 summary = Dept of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Kiel and Mtinster, Germany Resistance to activated protein C (APCR), in the majority of cases associated with the Arg 506 Gin point mutation in the factor V gene is present in more than 50 % of patients < 60 years of age with unexplained thrombophilia. The regular APC resistance test is not applicable to plasma from Orally anticoagulated (OAC) or heparinized patients due to decreased levels of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors and to thrombin inhibition by antithrombin, respectively. On admission an extensive coagulation screen yielded the following results (n/normal, t/elevated, I/reduced, +/positive, -/negative): PT t, aPTT t, Tr n, factor II, V, VIII n, factor VII, IX, XI, XII /,, fibrinogan t, ATIII n, protein C, S *, activated protein C sensitivity ratio 1.92 ($), FV-Leidenmutation PCR -, fibrinolytic system n, TAT t, Ft÷2 t, lupus anticoagulant +, heparin induced platelet antibodies +; no diagnosis of a specific autoimmuna disorder could be made. cache = ./cache/cord-006860-a3b8hyyr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-006860-a3b8hyyr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-006229-7yoilsho author = nan title = Abstracts of the 82(nd) Annual Meeting of the German Society for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (DGPT) and the 18(th) Annual Meeting of the Network Clinical Pharmacology Germany (VKliPha) in cooperation with the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Angewandte Humanpharmakologie e.V. (AGAH) date = 2016-02-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 133493 sentences = 6804 flesch = 42 summary = It directly activates Protein Kinase A (PKA) or the Exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac) which is a guanine exchange factor (GEF) for the small monomeric GTPase Rap. As Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) express both cAMP effectors (Epac1 and PKA), we investigated the role of cAMP-signaling using a spheroid based sprouting assay as an in vitro model for angiogenesis. After activation, S1P receptors regulate important processes in the progression of renal diseases, such as mesangial cell migration Methods and Results: Here we demonstrate that dexamethasone treatment lowered S1P 1 mRNA and protein expression levels in rat mesangial cells measured by TaqMan® and Western blot analyses. The aim of this study was to investigate the relevance of IGFBP5 in cardiogenesis and cardiac remodeling and its role as a potential target for ameliorating stress-induced cardiac remodeling Methods and Results: We investigated the expression of Igfbp5 in murine cardiac tissue at different developmental stages by qPCR normalized to Tpt1 (Tumor Protein, Translationally-Controlled 1). cache = ./cache/cord-006229-7yoilsho.txt txt = ./txt/cord-006229-7yoilsho.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-006230-xta38e7j author = nan title = Deutsche Gesellschaft für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie e.V. date = 2012-02-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 135419 sentences = 7042 flesch = 43 summary = Here, we will present our analysis of Ca 2+ signaling following stimulation of the FcεRI receptor and application of secretagogues that are supposed to affect Ca 2+ -dependent mast cell activation such as adenosine, endothelin-1, substance P and compound 48/80 in BMMCs and PMCs derived from mouse lines with inactivation of TRPC1, TRPC3, TRPC4, TRPC5 or TRPC6 since specific antagonists are still lacking for these TRP channels. These data indicate that increased PP2A activity is associated with modified gene expression in TG hearts possibly affecting stress response and regulation of cell signalling. As demonstrated by qPCR and Western blot experiments, mesangial cells showed a marked time-and dose-dependent upregulation of CSE mRNA and protein levels after treatment with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB). The transcription factor cAMP response element (CRE)-binding protein (CREB) plays a critical role in regulating gene expression in response to activation of the cAMPdependent signaling pathway, which is implicated in the pathophysiology of heart failure. cache = ./cache/cord-006230-xta38e7j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-006230-xta38e7j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-022888-dnsdg04n author = nan title = Poster Sessions date = 2009-08-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 188640 sentences = 9313 flesch = 45 summary = Methods: Phospho-specific Western blot analyses were performed to verify the functionality of the different IFN-g pathway components, intra-and extracellular flow cytometry experiments were employed to determine the expression of antigen processing components and HLA class I cell surface antigens, quantitative real time-PCR experiments to confirm the absence of JAK2 and presence of pathway relevant molecules as well as, genomic PCR and chromosome typing technique to prove the deletion of JAK2. In order to accomplish these objectives we induced priming or tolerance of ovalbumin (OVA 323-339 peptide)-specific T cells from DO11.10 TCR transgenic mice in vitro or, following adoptive transfer of near physiologically relevant numbers of such cells into recipients, in vivo and correlated functional outcome (via proliferation and cytokine readout assays or antibody production) with E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases expression and the ubiquitination status of the TCR signalling machinery. cache = ./cache/cord-022888-dnsdg04n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-022888-dnsdg04n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-015359-gf32a6f1 author = nan title = B scientific sessions (SS) date = 2002 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 159591 sentences = 9768 flesch = 51 summary = Methods and materials: 73 consecutive patients, clinically considered to have stage 1B tumour (confined to the cervix), underwent MR imaging studies at 1 T, according to the following protocol: fast spin-echo (FSE) T2-weighted, gadoliniumenhanced SE Tl-weighted, and fat-suppressed gadolinium-enhanced SE Tlweighted sequences. Purpose: To describe the radiological (thin section CT) findings correlated to activity and remission in ANCA associated pulmonary-renal small vessel vasculitis (SVV) Material and methods: We used retrospective analysis of 37 CTs, 27 in disease activity (8 first manifestations, 19 relapses) 10 im remission of 17 patients with pulmorenal syndrome (9 Wegener, 4 microscopic polyangiitis-MPA, 3 Churg-Strauss-syndrome, 1 idiopathic crescentic glomerulonephritis following the Chapel Hill classification) 7 women, 10 men, median 65.5 years (34 -84). Varghese, P.R. Mueller; Boston, MA/US Purpose: We sought to determine the incidence of malignancy and to assess a possible role for image guided biopsy of this category of renal masses Materials & methods: Of the 397 renal biopsies performed at our institution between 1991 and 2000; a total of 28 patients with 28 category III lesions, were identified for analysis. cache = ./cache/cord-015359-gf32a6f1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-015359-gf32a6f1.txt ===== Reducing email addresses cord-298469-0sny9dit cord-337037-xpj17vn4 cord-004584-bcw90f5b cord-004534-jqm1hxps cord-008777-i2reanan Creating transaction Updating adr table ===== Reducing keywords cord-027027-2vxnmiyj cord-029402-5gun91ep cord-299988-jaekryq5 cord-011794-ejoufvvj cord-298469-0sny9dit cord-253720-s6hwui6n cord-285162-srkd3wh0 cord-294815-mhqe3xjz cord-255465-sc1yzzsn cord-028201-x57bhyhr cord-289285-aof7xy13 cord-264526-bxpzo2xu cord-226245-p0cyzjwf cord-278508-h145cxlp cord-252244-y5w9hjy8 cord-012518-ncrdwtdg cord-304930-gf3cptnt cord-333413-8buawes0 cord-279557-hk77e3pp cord-239527-69bxbhjh cord-257940-12nf27j4 cord-252343-a85wz2hs cord-287548-3wv9xcxh cord-318900-dovu6kha cord-318766-vx0dnnxh cord-256635-zz58w3ro cord-339735-6964ktxr cord-337037-xpj17vn4 cord-259562-e1htl489 cord-033219-uwzgbpeo cord-310775-6d5vi2c5 cord-270948-qfsjtflv cord-345024-dtsi9qit cord-268094-ubz0q7e9 cord-331421-rioeke67 cord-254148-wc762p6v cord-344553-uya1j94u cord-326223-q6e60nf8 cord-288721-3bv3aak6 cord-289555-1z4vbldd cord-331336-4kf2jn8c cord-168710-a5pst4gf cord-276363-m8di6dpt cord-315064-2mgv9j6n cord-254169-sjoiv70c cord-348495-pa6iqc83 cord-269559-gvvnvcfo cord-303489-ve1fgnyg cord-344431-2wq7msqz cord-005147-mvoq9vln cord-329900-lq91rb8c cord-345834-l2e5v39s cord-337339-0vkigjv2 cord-342160-snfm62js cord-351732-wws6ring cord-008777-i2reanan cord-004894-75w35fkd cord-004584-bcw90f5b cord-006860-a3b8hyyr cord-292380-ulsejzqt cord-004534-jqm1hxps cord-006229-7yoilsho cord-006230-xta38e7j cord-022888-dnsdg04n cord-015359-gf32a6f1 Creating transaction Updating wrd table ===== Reducing urls cord-029402-5gun91ep cord-299988-jaekryq5 cord-011794-ejoufvvj cord-298469-0sny9dit cord-285162-srkd3wh0 cord-294815-mhqe3xjz cord-264526-bxpzo2xu cord-226245-p0cyzjwf cord-252244-y5w9hjy8 cord-239527-69bxbhjh cord-256635-zz58w3ro cord-337037-xpj17vn4 cord-331336-4kf2jn8c cord-318900-dovu6kha cord-289555-1z4vbldd cord-259562-e1htl489 cord-257940-12nf27j4 cord-033219-uwzgbpeo cord-310775-6d5vi2c5 cord-270948-qfsjtflv cord-345024-dtsi9qit cord-168710-a5pst4gf cord-315064-2mgv9j6n cord-348495-pa6iqc83 cord-303489-ve1fgnyg cord-269559-gvvnvcfo cord-292380-ulsejzqt cord-288721-3bv3aak6 cord-344431-2wq7msqz cord-329900-lq91rb8c cord-005147-mvoq9vln cord-004584-bcw90f5b cord-004894-75w35fkd cord-008777-i2reanan cord-004534-jqm1hxps cord-006229-7yoilsho cord-006230-xta38e7j cord-022888-dnsdg04n cord-015359-gf32a6f1 Creating transaction Updating url table ===== Reducing named entities cord-027027-2vxnmiyj cord-029402-5gun91ep cord-299988-jaekryq5 cord-011794-ejoufvvj cord-298469-0sny9dit cord-253720-s6hwui6n cord-285162-srkd3wh0 cord-294815-mhqe3xjz cord-028201-x57bhyhr cord-255465-sc1yzzsn cord-289285-aof7xy13 cord-264526-bxpzo2xu cord-278508-h145cxlp cord-226245-p0cyzjwf cord-304930-gf3cptnt cord-279557-hk77e3pp cord-333413-8buawes0 cord-257940-12nf27j4 cord-239527-69bxbhjh cord-012518-ncrdwtdg cord-252343-a85wz2hs cord-287548-3wv9xcxh cord-256635-zz58w3ro cord-318900-dovu6kha cord-339735-6964ktxr cord-318766-vx0dnnxh cord-331336-4kf2jn8c cord-337037-xpj17vn4 cord-289555-1z4vbldd cord-259562-e1htl489 cord-033219-uwzgbpeo cord-270948-qfsjtflv cord-345024-dtsi9qit cord-310775-6d5vi2c5 cord-254148-wc762p6v cord-268094-ubz0q7e9 cord-331421-rioeke67 cord-344553-uya1j94u cord-326223-q6e60nf8 cord-288721-3bv3aak6 cord-168710-a5pst4gf cord-276363-m8di6dpt cord-315064-2mgv9j6n cord-254169-sjoiv70c cord-348495-pa6iqc83 cord-269559-gvvnvcfo cord-303489-ve1fgnyg cord-344431-2wq7msqz cord-292380-ulsejzqt cord-329900-lq91rb8c cord-337339-0vkigjv2 cord-345834-l2e5v39s cord-342160-snfm62js cord-351732-wws6ring cord-252244-y5w9hjy8 cord-004894-75w35fkd cord-005147-mvoq9vln cord-004584-bcw90f5b cord-006860-a3b8hyyr cord-004534-jqm1hxps cord-015359-gf32a6f1 cord-008777-i2reanan cord-006229-7yoilsho cord-006230-xta38e7j cord-022888-dnsdg04n Creating transaction Updating ent table ===== Reducing parts of speech cord-027027-2vxnmiyj cord-298469-0sny9dit cord-299988-jaekryq5 cord-029402-5gun91ep cord-028201-x57bhyhr cord-253720-s6hwui6n cord-011794-ejoufvvj cord-285162-srkd3wh0 cord-294815-mhqe3xjz cord-289285-aof7xy13 cord-255465-sc1yzzsn cord-264526-bxpzo2xu cord-278508-h145cxlp cord-304930-gf3cptnt cord-226245-p0cyzjwf cord-252343-a85wz2hs cord-279557-hk77e3pp cord-287548-3wv9xcxh cord-333413-8buawes0 cord-239527-69bxbhjh cord-252244-y5w9hjy8 cord-257940-12nf27j4 cord-318900-dovu6kha cord-339735-6964ktxr cord-256635-zz58w3ro cord-337037-xpj17vn4 cord-318766-vx0dnnxh cord-289555-1z4vbldd cord-331336-4kf2jn8c cord-033219-uwzgbpeo cord-259562-e1htl489 cord-270948-qfsjtflv cord-331421-rioeke67 cord-310775-6d5vi2c5 cord-326223-q6e60nf8 cord-344553-uya1j94u cord-276363-m8di6dpt cord-288721-3bv3aak6 cord-268094-ubz0q7e9 cord-315064-2mgv9j6n cord-254148-wc762p6v cord-269559-gvvnvcfo cord-168710-a5pst4gf cord-254169-sjoiv70c cord-303489-ve1fgnyg cord-329900-lq91rb8c cord-345024-dtsi9qit cord-348495-pa6iqc83 cord-342160-snfm62js cord-337339-0vkigjv2 cord-345834-l2e5v39s cord-292380-ulsejzqt cord-344431-2wq7msqz cord-351732-wws6ring cord-012518-ncrdwtdg cord-005147-mvoq9vln cord-004894-75w35fkd cord-006860-a3b8hyyr cord-004584-bcw90f5b cord-004534-jqm1hxps cord-006230-xta38e7j cord-006229-7yoilsho cord-008777-i2reanan cord-015359-gf32a6f1 cord-022888-dnsdg04n Creating transaction Updating pos table Building ./etc/reader.txt cord-015359-gf32a6f1 cord-022888-dnsdg04n cord-006230-xta38e7j cord-022888-dnsdg04n cord-006230-xta38e7j cord-006229-7yoilsho number of items: 65 sum of words: 1,570,595 average size in words: 24,163 average readability score: 50 nouns: cells; patients; cell; results; protein; study; data; expression; analysis; time; methods; activity; disease; proteins; model; effects; cases; effect; treatment; membrane; studies; mice; system; role; risk; gene; levels; activation; production; dna; receptor; response; age; group; number; conclusion; level; function; blood; control; type; years; cancer; contrast; infection; changes; development; formation; method; factor verbs: used; shown; increased; compared; induces; found; based; performing; investigated; including; identified; done; observed; associated; studying; following; determine; reduces; suggest; obtains; provided; detected; bound; indicate; led; revealed; develop; reported; demonstrates; measured; involved; evaluates; expressed; allowed; present; known; resulted; analyzing; affected; assesses; caused; activated; contain; treated; describes; mediated; relating; producing; required; decreased adjectives: different; high; specific; human; non; significant; higher; new; first; clinical; low; important; molecular; single; several; dependent; present; immune; anti; small; normal; possible; functional; various; positive; cellular; major; lower; inflammatory; large; available; potential; similar; many; primary; early; severe; active; novel; able; genetic; negative; acute; cardiac; structural; current; biological; total; intracellular; common adverbs: also; well; however; significantly; therefore; respectively; highly; furthermore; even; still; recently; moreover; previously; especially; often; currently; mainly; together; less; directly; far; strongly; now; additionally; interestingly; finally; yet; already; rather; particularly; first; thereby; almost; much; specifically; fully; alone; usually; approximately; relatively; widely; completely; subsequently; potentially; prior; frequently; clearly; hence; statistically; clinically pronouns: we; it; our; their; its; they; i; them; us; his; he; itself; her; she; one; themselves; you; my; your; oneself; him; me; himself; ashcs; ours; mutationtaster3; mg; theirs; interleukin-15; igmcic; herself; esat-6; e2f2-/-mice; crx-527; adrb1; ™; zfpm2; z+1; ya; y-27632; wether; trpm4; trl2x4; thy; thier; thee; sngr; s351; s; rab3b proper nouns: Germany; T; CT; University; M.; C; S.; MRI; C.; A.; Institute; PCR; MR; J.; mg; II; P.; E.; RNA; CD8; Italy; Department; CD4; ±; IFN; Purpose; COVID-19; L.; A; R.; G.; SARS; der; B; MS; DNA; D.; F.; pH; K.; US; HLA; Background; B.; TNF; T.; APC; K; mRNA; WT keywords: germany; cell; study; result; covid-19; patient; pcr; dna; protein; rna; university; institute; increase; high; expression; sars; mouse; model; level; effect; method; march; lps; il-6; human; health; gene; fret; european; different; department; concentration; atp; activity; western; tnf; system; structure; receptor; process; pka; pheasant; molecular; membrane; lipid; interaction; influenza; fluorescence; fcs; factor one topic; one dimension: cells file(s): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7300644/ titles(s): Male mortality and the German response: lessons from COVID‐19 three topics; one dimension: cells; cells; patients file(s): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7134330/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33020728/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7103164/ titles(s): ECB12: 12th European Congess on Biotechnology | Comparing coal phase-out pathways: The United Kingdom’s and Germany’s diverging transitions | B scientific sessions (SS) five topics; three dimensions: cells cell protein; patients results cases; cells cell expression; patients risk results; pheasants chicks virus file(s): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7134330/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7103164/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7100643/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7087564/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32214944/ titles(s): ECB12: 12th European Congess on Biotechnology | B scientific sessions (SS) | Deutsche Gesellschaft für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie e.V. | Abstract | Investigation into diseases in free-ranging ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) in northwestern Germany during population decline with special reference to infectious pathogens Type: cord title: keyword-germany-cord date: 2021-05-25 time: 13:56 username: emorgan patron: Eric Morgan email: emorgan@nd.edu input: keywords:germany ==== make-pages.sh htm files ==== make-pages.sh complex files ==== make-pages.sh named enities ==== making bibliographics id: cord-345834-l2e5v39s author: Anacleto, M.A. title: Diffusive process under Lifshitz scaling and pandemic scenarios date: 2020-08-20 words: 5230 sentences: 286 pages: flesch: 62 cache: ./cache/cord-345834-l2e5v39s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345834-l2e5v39s.txt summary: Furthermore, we depicted the cumulative cases curves of COVID-19, reproducing the spreading of the pandemic between the cities of São Paulo and São José dos Campos, Brazil. In our investigation, we introduce a new version of the diffusion equation inspired by Horava''s work, and we use it to fit real active cases data of COVID-19 from Germany, Spain and Brazil. We can observe that the black solid curves are in good agreement with the pandemic data, and they predict that the active cases of COVID-19 would be fully controlled in Spain after day 120 (June 11, 2020), where the number of infected people is less than 1000. We can observe that our model successfully reproduces the evolution of the pandemic in theses two cities if we consider z = 50, which is the same value used to fit Spain and Brazil''s active cases curves in the previous section. These models were used to fit real active cases data of COVID-19 from three different countries (Germany, Spain, and Brazil). abstract: We here propose to model active and cumulative cases data from COVID-19 by a continuous effective model based on a modified diffusion equation under Lifshitz scaling with a dynamic diffusion coefficient. The proposed model is rich enough to capture different aspects of a complex virus diffusion as humanity has been recently facing. The model being continuous it is bound to be solved analytically and/or numerically. So, we investigate two possible models where the diffusion coefficient associated with possible types of contamination are captured by some specific profiles. The active cases curves here derived were able to successfully describe the pandemic behavior of Germany and Spain. Moreover, we also predict some scenarios for the evolution of COVID-19 in Brazil. Furthermore, we depicted the cumulative cases curves of COVID-19, reproducing the spreading of the pandemic between the cities of São Paulo and São José dos Campos, Brazil. The scenarios also unveil how the lockdown measures can flatten the contamination curves. We can find the best profile of the diffusion coefficient that better fit the real data of pandemic. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0378437120305720 doi: 10.1016/j.physa.2020.125092 id: cord-253720-s6hwui6n author: Andraz, Jorge M. title: Monitoring tourism flows and destination management: Empirical evidence for Portugal date: 2016-03-26 words: 5188 sentences: 240 pages: flesch: 51 cache: ./cache/cord-253720-s6hwui6n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253720-s6hwui6n.txt summary: We propose the use of a tool recently introduced by Gayer (2010), known as the "economic climate tracer", to analyze and monitor the cyclical evolution of tourism source markets to Portugal. On the contrary, tourism from the Netherlands and the UK, have displayed irregular patterns, which demonstrates the urgency to diversify tourism source markets to reduce the country''s vulnerability to external shocks and economic cycles. These short cycles were observed in tourism from all sources, with the exception of tourism coming from Germany, which exhibited positive and increasing growth rates (Fig. 3a) . We analyze the tourism flows of domestic tourists and tourists coming from the main international source markets -Germany, the Netherlands, Spain and the UK -which together represent on average 75.0% of the total number of overnight stays in the country. abstract: We propose the use of a tool recently introduced by Gayer (2010), known as the “economic climate tracer”, to analyze and monitor the cyclical evolution of tourism source markets to Portugal. Considering the period 1987–2015, we evaluate how tourism to Portugal has been affected by economic cycles. This tool is useful as it clearly illustrates the evolutionary patterns of different markets, and allows us to identify close relationships with economic fluctuations. We found that German tourism plays a leading role, since its movements are followed with delays by tourism flows from other countries, and exhibits higher resilience to shocks. Also, domestic and Spanish tourism have both displayed less irregular behaviors than tourism from other source markets. On the contrary, tourism from the Netherlands and the UK, have displayed irregular patterns, which demonstrates the urgency to diversify tourism source markets to reduce the country's vulnerability to external shocks and economic cycles. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32287746/ doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2016.03.019 id: cord-331336-4kf2jn8c author: Aravindakshan, A. title: Restarting after COVID-19: A Data-driven Evaluation of Opening Scenarios date: 2020-05-30 words: 3998 sentences: 206 pages: flesch: 55 cache: ./cache/cord-331336-4kf2jn8c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331336-4kf2jn8c.txt summary: By combining the model with measures of policy contributions on mobility reduction, we forecast scenarios for relaxing various types of NPIs. Our model finds that, in Germany, policies that mandated contact restrictions (e.g., movement in public space limited to two persons or people co-living), initial business closures (e.g., restaurant closures), stay-at-home orders (e.g., prohibition of non-essential trips), non-essential services (e.g., florists, museums) and retail outlet closures led to the sharpest drops in movement within and across states. Nevertheless, to the best of our knowledge, no study quantifies the effects of the types and timings of the implementation and relaxation of government policy interventions in reducing mobility and in turn decreasing the spread of COVID-19. Using data from the 16 states of Germany, we explore the effectiveness of different NPIs ( Figure 3 ) in reducing social mobility, and in turn affecting the spread of the disease. abstract: To contain the COVID-19 pandemic, several governments introduced strict Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions (NPI) that restricted movement, public gatherings, national and international travel, and shut down large parts of the economy. Yet, the impact of the enforcement and subsequent loosening of these policies on the spread of COVID-19 is not well understood. Accordingly, we measure the impact of NPI on mitigating disease spread by exploiting the spatio-temporal variations in policy measures across the 16 states of Germany. This quasi-experiment identifies each policy's effect on reducing disease spread. We adapt the SEIR (Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered) model for disease propagation to include data on daily confirmed cases, intra- and inter-state movement, and social distancing. By combining the model with measures of policy contributions on mobility reduction, we forecast scenarios for relaxing various types of NPIs. Our model finds that, in Germany, policies that mandated contact restrictions (e.g., movement in public space limited to two persons or people co-living), initial business closures (e.g., restaurant closures), stay-at-home orders (e.g., prohibition of non-essential trips), non-essential services (e.g., florists, museums) and retail outlet closures led to the sharpest drops in movement within and across states. Contact restrictions were the most effective at lowering infection rates, while border closures had only minimal effects at mitigating the spread of the disease, even though cross-border travel might have played a role in seeding the disease in the population. We believe that a deeper understanding of the policy effects on mitigating the spread of COVID-19 allows a more accurate forecast of the disease spread when NPIs are (partially) loosened, and thus also better informs policymakers towards making appropriate decisions. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.28.20115980v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.28.20115980 id: cord-264526-bxpzo2xu author: Aydin, Malik title: House Dust Mite Exposure Causes Increased Susceptibility of Nasal Epithelial Cells to Adenovirus Infection date: 2020-10-11 words: 5032 sentences: 283 pages: flesch: 47 cache: ./cache/cord-264526-bxpzo2xu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264526-bxpzo2xu.txt summary: This ex vivo pilot study shows the impact of AdV infection and HDM exposition in a primary cell culture model for asthma. Although various studies have investigated the molecular roles of some respiratory viruses in allergic pathways [14, 15] , the relationship between AdV infection and HDM sensitization in asthma exacerbation has not been sufficiently analyzed. To analyze AdV infection in the context of HDM sensitization, we utilized primary nasal NAEPCs derived from our pediatric exacerbation study cohort in submerged 2D and organotypic 3D cell culture models. Especially on day 3 after HDM exposure, we observed an enhanced AdV mediated luciferase activity in HDM-provoked NAEPCs from asthmatics, compared to NAEPCs derived from healthy cells ( Figure 6 ). Here, we characterized the effects of HDM exposition on AdV infection in an ex vivo cell culture models of NAEPCs of exacerbated pediatric asthmatics and healthy controls from our pediatric exacerbation study. abstract: Adenovirus (AdV) infections in the respiratory tract may cause asthma exacerbation and allergic predisposition, and the house dust mite (HDM) may aggravate virus-induced asthma exacerbations. However, the underlying mechanisms of whether and how AdV affects asthmatic patients remains unclear. To address this question, we investigated nasal epithelial cells (NAEPCs) derived from a pediatric exacerbation study cohort for experimental analyses. We analyzed twenty-one different green-fluorescent protein- and luciferase-tagged AdV types in submerged 2D and organotypic 3D cell culture models. Transduction experiments revealed robust transduction of AdV type 5 (AdV5) in NAEPCs, which was associated with an increased uptake of AdV5 in the presence of HDM. In healthy and asthmatic NAEPCs exposed to HDM before infection, we observed a time- and dose-dependent increase of AdV5 uptake associated with upregulation of entry receptors for AdV5. Furthermore, electron microscopic and histologic analyses of 3D cell cultures revealed an impairment of the respiratory cilia after HDM exposition. This ex vivo pilot study shows the impact of AdV infection and HDM exposition in a primary cell culture model for asthma. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/v12101151 doi: 10.3390/v12101151 id: cord-256635-zz58w3ro author: Beermann, Sandra title: Public health microbiology in Germany: 20 years of national reference centers and consultant laboratories date: 2015-08-21 words: 3876 sentences: 203 pages: flesch: 40 cache: ./cache/cord-256635-zz58w3ro.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256635-zz58w3ro.txt summary: In 1995, in agreement with the German Federal Ministry of Health, the Robert Koch Institute established a public health microbiology system consisting of national reference centers (NRCs) and consultant laboratories (CLs). As part of this concept, the RKI implemented a weekly epidemiological bulletin, formed the Committee for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, trained epidemiologists for surveillance and outbreak investigation and set up a system of national reference laboratories: national reference centers (NRCs) and consultant laboratories (CLs) (Petersen et al., 2000) . In the next step, the Advisory Board for Public Health Microbiology (formerly called the Committee for Infectious Disease Epidemiology) assesses the proposal and provides the RKI with a recommendation on whether to set up a new laboratory. At the end of each appointment period, an evaluation of the laboratories is performed by the RKI in cooperation with the Advisory Board for Public Health Microbiology, which again consults national and international professional societies and experts. abstract: In 1995, in agreement with the German Federal Ministry of Health, the Robert Koch Institute established a public health microbiology system consisting of national reference centers (NRCs) and consultant laboratories (CLs). The goal was to improve the efficiency of infection protection by advising the authorities on possible measures and to supplement infectious disease surveillance by monitoring selected pathogens that have high public health relevance. Currently, there are 19 NRCs and 40 CLs, each appointed for three years. In 2009, an additional system of national networks of NRCs and CLs was set up in order to enhance effectiveness and cooperation within the national reference laboratory system. The aim of these networks was to advance exchange in diagnostic methods and prevention concepts among reference laboratories and to develop geographic coverage of services. In the last two decades, the German public health laboratory reference system coped with all major infectious disease challenges. The European Union and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) are considering implementing a European public health microbiology reference laboratory system. The German reference laboratory system should be well prepared to participate actively in this upcoming endeavor. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmm.2015.08.007 doi: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2015.08.007 id: cord-011794-ejoufvvj author: Binder, Florian title: Isolation and characterization of new Puumala orthohantavirus strains from Germany date: 2020-04-23 words: 5972 sentences: 309 pages: flesch: 51 cache: ./cache/cord-011794-ejoufvvj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-011794-ejoufvvj.txt summary: Additionally, glycoprotein precursor (GPC)-derived virus-like particles of a German PUUV sequence allowed the generation of monoclonal antibodies that allowed the reliable detection of the isolated PUUV strain in the immunofluorescence assay. Finally, the reactivity of the isolates was determined with novel monoclonal antibodies raised against PUUV GPC VLPs. Bank voles were trapped in spring 2019 in the PUUV endemic region around Osnabrück following a standard snap trapping protocol [25, 26] . Dissection on site and inoculation of VeroE6 and bank vole MGN-2-R cells with homogenized lung samples resulted after three blind passages in four potential isolates that were detected by a novel PUUV RT-qPCR (Table S1 , Fig. 1) . Reactivity of novel PUUV GPC-specific monoclonal antibodies with hantavirus-infected VeroE6 cells in immunofluorescence assay (IFA). In conclusion, the PUUV isolate described here replicates in a bank vole cell line and its N and GPC proteins can be detected by specific monoclonal antibodies. abstract: Orthohantaviruses are re-emerging rodent-borne pathogens distributed all over the world. Here, we report the isolation of a Puumala orthohantavirus (PUUV) strain from bank voles caught in a highly endemic region around the city Osnabrück, north-west Germany. Coding and non-coding sequences of all three segments (S, M, and L) were determined from original lung tissue, after isolation and after additional passaging in VeroE6 cells and a bank vole-derived kidney cell line. Different single amino acid substitutions were observed in the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) of the two stable PUUV isolates. The PUUV strain from VeroE6 cells showed a lower titer when propagated on bank vole cells compared to VeroE6 cells. Additionally, glycoprotein precursor (GPC)-derived virus-like particles of a German PUUV sequence allowed the generation of monoclonal antibodies that allowed the reliable detection of the isolated PUUV strain in the immunofluorescence assay. In conclusion, this is the first isolation of a PUUV strain from Central Europe and the generation of glycoprotein-specific monoclonal antibodies for this PUUV isolate. The obtained virus isolate and GPC-specific antibodies are instrumental tools for future reservoir host studies. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s11262-020-01755-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7329759/ doi: 10.1007/s11262-020-01755-3 id: cord-344553-uya1j94u author: Bodova, K. title: Time-adjusted Analysis Shows Weak Associations Between BCG Vaccination Policy and COVID-19 Disease Progression date: 2020-05-06 words: 3861 sentences: 176 pages: flesch: 49 cache: ./cache/cord-344553-uya1j94u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344553-uya1j94u.txt summary: In this study, we ascertain the associations between BCG vaccination policies and progression of COVID-19 through analysis of various time-adjusted indicators either directly extracted from the incidence and death reports, or estimated as parameters of disease progression models. The associations between BCG vaccination policy and COVID-19 disease progression have also been a subject to controversy in data analysis, with some studies claiming significant effects on the number of cases and case fatality rates (Miller et al., 2020; Berg et al., 2020) , while others criticizing weaknesses of those studies and claiming no statistically significant differences (Szigeti et al., 2020; Hensel et al., 2020; Fukui et al., 2020; Singh, 2020) . In this study, we have estimated a variety of indicators characteristic for different stages of COVID-19 epidemics, also adjusting for time since the beginning of the epidemics in each country, and found that several key indicators show weak, but statistically significant, associations with BCG vaccination status. abstract: In this study, we ascertain the associations between BCG vaccination policies and progression of COVID-19 through analysis of various time-adjusted indicators either directly extracted from the incidence and death reports, or estimated as parameters of disease progression models. We observe weak correlation between BCG vaccination status and indicators related to disease reproduction characteristics. We did not find any associations with case fatality rates (CFR), but the differences in CFR estimates are at present likely dominated by differences in testing and case reporting between countries. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.01.20087809v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.01.20087809 id: cord-345024-dtsi9qit author: Brauers, Hanna title: Comparing coal phase-out pathways: The United Kingdom’s and Germany’s diverging transitions date: 2020-10-01 words: 10309 sentences: 563 pages: flesch: 50 cache: ./cache/cord-345024-dtsi9qit.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345024-dtsi9qit.txt summary: Each workshops focused on a different set of topics, either touching more socio-political (e.g. health concerns, climate and environmental regulation options) or techno-economic (e.g. number of job losses and possible replacements, technical replacement of coal with renewable energies, grid stability, affordability) aspects as well as the response strategies of the coal regime (e.g. modelling phase-out pathways, liability issues). The declining role of coal combined with widely appreciated and available alternatives like local natural gas, nuclear energy, and renewable energy helped to generate public support for climate change policies. Several policies introduced after 2006 constrained coal''s business opportunities long before the final phase-out decision in 2015, especially the CPF, the Renewables Obligation (RO), the Emissions Performance Standard (EPS), as well as more in general the Climate Change Act and the related carbon budgets. abstract: Political decisions and trends regarding coal use for electricity generation developed differently in the UK and Germany, despite being subject to relatively similar climate protection targets and general political and economic conditions. The UK agreed on a coal phase-out by 2024. In Germany, a law schedules a coal phase-out by 2038 at the latest. This paper investigates reasons for the different developments and aims to identify main hurdles and drivers of coal phase-outs by using the Triple Embeddedness Framework. The comparative case study approach reveals that policy outcomes regarding coal consumption are deeply influenced by several actor groups, namely, coal companies, unions, environmental NGOs, and the government. The most discussed aspects of a coal phase-out in both countries are energy security concerns, whether coal is mined domestically, (regional) economic dependence, as well as the relative power of actors with vested interests in coal consumption. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33020728/ doi: 10.1016/j.eist.2020.09.001 id: cord-310775-6d5vi2c5 author: Brinks, Verena title: From Corona Virus to Corona Crisis: The Value of An Analytical and Geographical Understanding of Crisis date: 2020-06-09 words: 7555 sentences: 406 pages: flesch: 51 cache: ./cache/cord-310775-6d5vi2c5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310775-6d5vi2c5.txt summary: In our observation of the public discourse in Germany, at the beginning of 2020 the government as many others in the Western hemisphere looked at the early epicentre of the pandemic, the Wuhan region in China, ''with a combination of fascination and fear'' but without any sense of urgency or immediate threat until new information about corona infections in Europe emerged (Boin et al. The agenda we suggest here is thus a bit different from previous geographical studies that use the term crisis prominently to signify they are dealing with severe problems within specific empirical fields, like, for instance, the bursting of financial bubbles in mortgage and real estate markets (e.g. Aalbers 2009) or emergency practices in humanitarian aid (e.g. Fredriksen 2014 ). abstract: The term ‘crisis’ is omnipresent. The current corona virus pandemic is perceived as the most recent example. However, the notion of crisis is increasingly deployed as a signifier of relevance, rather than as an analytical concept. Moreover, human geography has so far little contributed to the interdisciplinary crisis research field which is fixated on the temporal aspects of crisis but neglects its spatiality. Against this background, the first aim of the paper is to demonstrate the value of thinking about crisis analytically. Therefore, we introduce theoretical knowledge developed within a recently emerging literature on crisis management. Second, we demonstrate the relevance of including geographical thinking into crisis research more systematically. Based on the TPSN‐framework by Jessop et al., we illustrate spatial dimensions of the ‘corona crisis’, its perception and handling in Germany. The empirical references are based on media reports. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32836480/ doi: 10.1111/tesg.12428 id: cord-029402-5gun91ep author: Celi, Giuseppe title: A fragile and divided European Union meets Covid-19: further disintegration or ‘Hamiltonian moment’? date: 2020-07-17 words: 4780 sentences: 226 pages: flesch: 54 cache: ./cache/cord-029402-5gun91ep.txt txt: ./txt/cord-029402-5gun91ep.txt summary: Despite being symmetric in its very nature, the Covid-19 shock is affecting European economies in a very asymmetric way, threatening to deepen the divide between core and peripheral countries even more. Trying to answer these questions, we shall briefly review the institutional and structural causes of the increasing divergence between core and SP, shedding light on three momentous events: the creation of the monetary union, the 2008 financial crisis and the Covid-19 shock. To conclude, the two peripheries-the Southern one, made up of the Mediterranean economies, and the Eastern one, with the prominent role of the Visegrad countries-suffer from different fragilities, which descend from their common, albeit diverse, economic and financial dependence on the core. Special international conditionsnamely, China''s huge growth, which gobbled up German capital goods and highquality durable consumer products (particularly cars), and the vigorous American recovery-supported Germany''s ability to redirect its trade flows, expand its market shares outside the EMU, and make a speedy return to its pre-crisis production levels. abstract: Despite being symmetric in its very nature, the Covid-19 shock is affecting European economies in a very asymmetric way, threatening to deepen the divide between core and peripheral countries even more. It is not Covid-19 itself, however, but the contradictions within the EU’s growth model and institutional architecture that would be to blame for such an outcome. The dramatic impact of the economic crisis brought on by the pandemic and the threat that it poses to Eurozone survival seem to have forced a reluctant Germany into action: a minor step, but an important signal. This note analyses the crossroads currently facing Europe—the risk of disintegration vis-a-vis the opportunity for a ‘Hamiltonian moment’—discussing possible future scenarios in the light of past developments. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7366487/ doi: 10.1007/s40812-020-00165-8 id: cord-268094-ubz0q7e9 author: Curland, N. title: Investigation into diseases in free-ranging ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) in northwestern Germany during population decline with special reference to infectious pathogens date: 2018-02-06 words: 8168 sentences: 451 pages: flesch: 46 cache: ./cache/cord-268094-ubz0q7e9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268094-ubz0q7e9.txt summary: title: Investigation into diseases in free-ranging ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) in northwestern Germany during population decline with special reference to infectious pathogens In the present study, carcasses of 258 deceased free-ranging pheasants of different age groups, predominantly adult pheasants, collected over a period of 4 years in the states of Lower Saxony, North Rhine–Westphalia and Schleswig-Holstein, were examined pathomorphologically, parasitologically, virologically and bacteriologically, with a focus set on infectious pathogens. In China, antibodies against infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) were detected in 14 out of 40 samples of free-ranging pheasants (Gu et al. The aim of the present study was to elucidate pathogens in free-ranging pheasants during the current population decline in Northwestern Germany using pathomorphological, virological, microbiological and parasitological investigations. Non-purulent mostly perivascularly accentuated inflammations with different cellular compositions and gradual variable infiltrations of lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages were detected in 68 birds (68.7% of affected pheasants) (Fig. 2) . abstract: The population of ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) is decreasing all over Germany since the years 2008/2009. Besides impacts of habitat changes caused by current rates of land conversion, climatic influences or predators, a contribution of infectious pathogens needs also to be considered. Infectious and non-infectious diseases in free-living populations of ring-necked pheasants have been scarcely investigated so far. In the present study, carcasses of 258 deceased free-ranging pheasants of different age groups, predominantly adult pheasants, collected over a period of 4 years in the states of Lower Saxony, North Rhine–Westphalia and Schleswig-Holstein, were examined pathomorphologically, parasitologically, virologically and bacteriologically, with a focus set on infectious pathogens. A periocular and perinasal dermatitis of unknown origin was present in 62.3% of the pheasants. Additional alterations included protozoal cysts in the skeletal musculature (19.0%), hepatitis (21.7%), enteritis (18.7%), gastritis (12.6%), and pneumonia (11.7%). In single cases, neoplasms (2.6%) and mycobacteriosis (1.7%) occurred. Further findings included identification of coronaviral DNA from trachea or caecal tonsils (16.8%), siadenoviral DNA (7.6%), avian metapneumoviral RNA (6.6%), and infectious bursal disease viral RNA (3.7%). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on herpesvirus, avian influenza virus (AIV), paramyxovirus type 1 (PMV-1), avian encephalomyelitis virus (AEV), and chlamydia were negative. Based on the present results, there is no indication of a specific pathogen as a sole cause for population decline in adult pheasants. However, an infectious disease can still not be completely excluded as it may only affect reproduction effectivity or a certain age group of pheasants (e.g., chicks) which were not presented in the study. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32214944/ doi: 10.1007/s10344-018-1173-2 id: cord-279557-hk77e3pp author: Drosten, Christian title: Clinical features and virological analysis of a case of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection date: 2013-06-17 words: 4214 sentences: 243 pages: flesch: 55 cache: ./cache/cord-279557-hk77e3pp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279557-hk77e3pp.txt summary: BACKGROUND: The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is an emerging virus involved in cases and case clusters of severe acute respiratory infection in the Arabian Peninsula, Tunisia, Morocco, France, Italy, Germany, and the UK. [4] [5] [6] Here, we provide a full description of a fatal case of MERS-CoV infection imported to Munich, Germany, from Abu Dhabi, including a chronological profi le of virus concentrations in diverse body compartments. We subjected all available MERS-CoV genome sequences to phylogenetic analysis, including a correlation and regression analysis of known dates of virus isolation versus tree branch lengths (fi gure 3). Without quantitative laboratory data from well documented cases of MERS-CoV infection, most considerations had been made on the basis of an assumed analogy to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The recorded viral load profi le, with highest RNA concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage and tracheobronchial aspirates, confi rms suggestions made in another report about the preferential use of lower-respiratory-tract samples for virus diagnostic tests. abstract: BACKGROUND: The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is an emerging virus involved in cases and case clusters of severe acute respiratory infection in the Arabian Peninsula, Tunisia, Morocco, France, Italy, Germany, and the UK. We provide a full description of a fatal case of MERS-CoV infection and associated phylogenetic analyses. METHODS: We report data for a patient who was admitted to the Klinikum Schwabing (Munich, Germany) for severe acute respiratory infection. We did diagnostic RT-PCR and indirect immunofluorescence. From time of diagnosis, respiratory, faecal, and urine samples were obtained for virus quantification. We constructed a maximum likelihood tree of the five available complete MERS-CoV genomes. FINDINGS: A 73-year-old man from Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, was transferred to Klinikum Schwabing on March 19, 2013, on day 11 of illness. He had been diagnosed with multiple myeloma in 2008, and had received several lines of treatment. The patient died on day 18, due to septic shock. MERS-CoV was detected in two samples of bronchoalveolar fluid. Viral loads were highest in samples from the lower respiratory tract (up to 1·2 × 10(6) copies per mL). Maximum virus concentration in urine samples was 2691 RNA copies per mL on day 13; the virus was not present in the urine after renal failure on day 14. Stool samples obtained on days 12 and 16 contained the virus, with up to 1031 RNA copies per g (close to the lowest detection limit of the assay). One of two oronasal swabs obtained on day 16 were positive, but yielded little viral RNA (5370 copies per mL). No virus was detected in blood. The full virus genome was combined with four other available full genome sequences in a maximum likelihood phylogeny, correlating branch lengths with dates of isolation. The time of the common ancestor was halfway through 2011. Addition of novel genome data from an unlinked case treated 6 months previously in Essen, Germany, showed a clustering of viruses derived from Qatar and the United Arab Emirates. INTERPRETATION: We have provided the first complete viral load profile in a case of MERS-CoV infection. MERS-CoV might have shedding patterns that are different from those of severe acute respiratory syndrome and so might need alternative diagnostic approaches. FUNDING: European Union; German Centre for Infection Research; German Research Council; and German Ministry for Education and Research. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(13)70154-3 doi: 10.1016/s1473-3099(13)70154-3 id: cord-339735-6964ktxr author: Empl, Michael T. title: The influence of chronic l-carnitine supplementation on the formation of preneoplastic and atherosclerotic lesions in the colon and aorta of male F344 rats date: 2014-08-28 words: 5172 sentences: 257 pages: flesch: 47 cache: ./cache/cord-339735-6964ktxr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339735-6964ktxr.txt summary: We therefore investigated whether a 1-year administration of different l-carnitine concentrations (0, 1, 2 and 5 g/l) via drinking water leads to an increased incidence of preneoplastic lesions (so-called aberrant crypt foci) in the colon of Fischer 344 rats as well as to the appearance of atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta of these animals. No significant difference between the test groups regarding the formation of lesions in the colon and aorta of the rats was observed, suggesting that, under the given experimental conditions, l-carnitine up to a concentration of 5 g/l in the drinking water does not have adverse effects on the gastrointestinal and vascular system of Fischer 344 rats. Therefore, we investigated whether a chronic administration of different l-carnitine concentrations via drinking water leads to an increased number of aberrant crypt foci (ACF), which are considered preneoplastic lesions associated with colorectal cancer formation (Bird 1995) , in the colon of male Fischer 344 rats. abstract: l-Carnitine, a key component of fatty acid oxidation, is nowadays being extensively used as a nutritional supplement with allegedly “fat burning” and performance-enhancing properties, although to date there are no conclusive data supporting these claims. Furthermore, there is an inverse relationship between exogenous supplementation and bioavailability, i.e., fairly high oral doses are not fully absorbed and thus a significant amount of carnitine remains in the gut. Human and rat enterobacteria can degrade unabsorbed l-carnitine to trimethylamine or trimethylamine-N-oxide, which, under certain conditions, may be transformed to the known carcinogen N-nitrosodimethylamine. Recent findings indicate that trimethylamine-N-oxide might also be involved in the development of atherosclerotic lesions. We therefore investigated whether a 1-year administration of different l-carnitine concentrations (0, 1, 2 and 5 g/l) via drinking water leads to an increased incidence of preneoplastic lesions (so-called aberrant crypt foci) in the colon of Fischer 344 rats as well as to the appearance of atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta of these animals. No significant difference between the test groups regarding the formation of lesions in the colon and aorta of the rats was observed, suggesting that, under the given experimental conditions, l-carnitine up to a concentration of 5 g/l in the drinking water does not have adverse effects on the gastrointestinal and vascular system of Fischer 344 rats. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00204-014-1341-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25164827/ doi: 10.1007/s00204-014-1341-4 id: cord-315064-2mgv9j6n author: Escher, Felicitas title: Detection of viral SARS‐CoV‐2 genomes and histopathological changes in endomyocardial biopsies date: 2020-06-12 words: 3813 sentences: 241 pages: flesch: 48 cache: ./cache/cord-315064-2mgv9j6n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315064-2mgv9j6n.txt summary: Accordingly, we prospectively analysed endomyocardial biopsies (EMBs) from a cohort of 104 samples of patients with suspected myocarditis or unexplained heart disease for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA by RT-qPCR and hints for histopathological injury. Up to 8 EMBs each of 104 patients [mean age: 57.90 ± 16.37 years; left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF): 33.7 ± 14.6%, sex: n = 79 male/25 female] with suspected myocarditis or unexplained heart failure were analysed between 3 February and 26 March 2020 in German clinical centres in accordance with SARS-CoV2 spread in Germany. In this study, we established for the first time the evidence of SARS-CoV-2 genome detection in 5 of 104 EMBs of patients with suspected myocarditis or unexplained heart failure. Our finding of SARS-CoV-2 genome detection in EMBs of patients suffering from myocarditis/inflammatory cardiomyopathy cannot rule out or confirm the infection of cardiac cells but revealed incremental insights into organ-specific infection of SARS-CoV-2 using possibly macrophage migration as a shuttle from the lung to the heart. abstract: AIMS: Since December 2019, the novel coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2 has spread rapidly throughout China and keeps the world in suspense. Cardiovascular complications with myocarditis and embolism due to COVID‐19 have been reported. SARS‐CoV‐2 genome detection in the heart muscle has not been demonstrated so far, and the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain to be investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS: Endomyocardial biopsies (EMBs) of 104 patients (mean age: 57.90 ± 16.37 years; left ventricular ejection fraction: 33.7 ± 14.6%, sex: n = 79 male/25 female) with suspected myocarditis or unexplained heart failure were analysed. EMB analysis included histology, immunohistochemistry, and detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 genomes by real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in the IKDT Berlin, Germany. Among 104 EMBs investigated, five were confirmed with SARS‐CoV‐2 infected by reverse real‐time transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. We describe patients of different history of symptoms and time duration. Additionally, we investigated histopathological changes in myocardial tissue showing that the inflammatory process in EMBs seemed to permeate vascular wall leading to small arterial obliteration and damage. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report that established the evidence of SARS‐CoV‐2 genomes detection in EMBs. In these patients, myocardial injury ischaemia may play a role, which could explain the ubiquitous troponin increases. EMB‐based identification of the cause of myocardial injury may contribute to explain the different evolution of complicated SARS‐CoV‐2‐infection and to design future specific and personalized treatment strategies. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32529795/ doi: 10.1002/ehf2.12805 id: cord-326223-q6e60nf8 author: Gembardt, Florian title: Organ-specific distribution of ACE2 mRNA and correlating peptidase activity in rodents date: 2005-02-16 words: 3948 sentences: 238 pages: flesch: 54 cache: ./cache/cord-326223-q6e60nf8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326223-q6e60nf8.txt summary: Biochemical analysis revealed that angiotensin-converting enzyme related carboxy-peptidase (ACE2) cleaves angiotensin (Ang) II to Ang-(1–7), a heptapeptide identified as an endogenous ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor Mas. No data are currently available that systematically describe ACE2 distribution and activity in rodents. Therefore, we analyzed the ACE2 expression in different tissues of mice and rats on mRNA (RNase protection assay) and protein levels (immunohistochemistry, ACE2 activity, western blot). Although ACE2 mRNA in both investigated species showed the highest expression in the ileum, the mouse organ exceeded rat ACE2, as also demonstrated in the kidney and colon. Using a commercial polyclonal antibody in western blot for the quantification of protein levels in mouse and rat tissues (Fig. 4) a pattern completely different from RNA expression and ACE2 activity was found. abstract: Biochemical analysis revealed that angiotensin-converting enzyme related carboxy-peptidase (ACE2) cleaves angiotensin (Ang) II to Ang-(1–7), a heptapeptide identified as an endogenous ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor Mas. No data are currently available that systematically describe ACE2 distribution and activity in rodents. Therefore, we analyzed the ACE2 expression in different tissues of mice and rats on mRNA (RNase protection assay) and protein levels (immunohistochemistry, ACE2 activity, western blot). Although ACE2 mRNA in both investigated species showed the highest expression in the ileum, the mouse organ exceeded rat ACE2, as also demonstrated in the kidney and colon. Corresponding to mRNA, ACE2 activity was highest in the ileum and mouse kidney but weak in the rat kidney, which was also confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Contrary to mRNA, we found weak activity in the lung of both species. Our data demonstrate a tissue- and species-specific pattern for ACE2 under physiological conditions. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15949646/ doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2005.01.009 id: cord-304930-gf3cptnt author: Hinz, Sebastian title: The Digital Abutment Check: An Improvement of the Fully Digital Workflow date: 2020-10-24 words: 3472 sentences: 190 pages: flesch: 44 cache: ./cache/cord-304930-gf3cptnt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304930-gf3cptnt.txt summary: In the present case, the preexisting maxillary removable complete denture was converted into a fixed immediate restoration using the fully digital workflow. However, the main challenge for the prosthetic treatment team (dentist, dental technician) in the implementation of a fully digital All-on-X workflow is to transfer the final implant position to the definitive restoration. The final planning included the insertion of four implants in the upper jaw and a fixed, provisional immediate restoration, which should be transferred to a definitive fixed partial denture (FPD) after the healing period of six months. Using a silicone occlusion key (SHERA-DUETT-SOFT, SHERA Werkstoff-Technologie GmbH & Co.KG, Lemförde, Germany), the surgical template was placed in the patient and fixed in its definite position with anchor pins (Guided Anchor Pin, Nobel Biocare AG). In the final treatment session, the provisional FPD was removed and the definitive and veneered FPD was screwed on with 15 Ncm. The fit of the FPD was optimal; the occlusion was checked and optimized with minimal grinding measures. abstract: By using modern digitalization techniques, an existing denture can be digitized and aid the provision of a new implant-supported denture according to a fully digital workflow. This includes fully navigated implant surgery and results in an immediately provided prosthetic restoration. However, even with the current digital workflow, it is challenging to achieve a definitive prosthetic restoration in a single treatment session. In order to achieve a definitive denture in as few treatment sessions as possible, we have implemented the digital abutment test. This test modified the existing data set and determined the final restoration. In the present case, the preexisting maxillary removable complete denture was converted into a fixed immediate restoration using the fully digital workflow. The workflow is divided into two treatment phases, each with three treatment sessions, where part of the second phase involves an innovative digital abutment check. The illustrated case shows an effective use of current digital possibilities. Special attention was also paid to a minimally invasive course of therapy. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33163237/ doi: 10.1155/2020/8831862 id: cord-276363-m8di6dpt author: Holm, Majbrit V. title: Influenza vaccination coverage rates in Europe – covering five consecutive seasons (2001–2006) in five countries date: 2008-06-28 words: 3347 sentences: 255 pages: flesch: 58 cache: ./cache/cord-276363-m8di6dpt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276363-m8di6dpt.txt summary: Despite this knowledge and ongoing efforts by policy-makers, physicians and other healthcare providers, influenza vaccination rates in the five European countries surveyed remain limited, with the additional effect that manufacturing capacity may be too low for producing a sufficient amount of an appropriate monovalent vaccine when a pandemic occurs. Published literature evaluating vaccination coverage rates in Europe shows that importance placed on influenza vaccination varies greatly between countries. This survey is an ongoing assessment of influenza coverage rates in France, Great Britain, Italy, Spain, and Germany. The impact of chronic illness on the vaccination rate was significantly lower after multivariate adjustment, mainly due to taking into account the effect of age (Germany OR: 2AE3, 95% CI: 2AE0; 2AE6, Italy OR: 5AE0, 95% CI: 4AE2; 6AE0, France OR: 3AE4, 95% CI: 2AE7; 4AE2 and Spain OR: 3AE3, 95% CI: 2AE8; 4AE0). abstract: Objective To understand potential drivers and barriers to influenza vaccination in the general population. Methods 47 982 household surveys were conducted in five European countries between 2001 and 2006. Results Overall influenza vaccination coverage increased over the years and reached 26·2% in 2005/06. Among the elderly ≥65 years, the rate increased significantly to 67·8% (2005/06). The most common reason for being vaccinated over the 5 years was the perception of influenza as a serious illness, which people want to avoid. The main reason for not getting vaccinated among those never previously vaccinated was feeling that they were unlikely to catch influenza. A recommendation by the family physician was the most encouraging factor for vaccination. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-2659.2008.00036.x doi: 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2008.00036.x id: cord-344431-2wq7msqz author: Holzinger, Felix title: Self-referred walk-in patients in the emergency department – who and why? Consultation determinants in a multicenter study of respiratory patients in Berlin, Germany date: 2020-09-10 words: 7367 sentences: 376 pages: flesch: 42 cache: ./cache/cord-344431-2wq7msqz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344431-2wq7msqz.txt summary: Determinants of SRW consultation identified by logistic regression were younger age (p < 0.001), tertiary education (p = 0.032), being a first-generation migrant (p = 0.002) or tourist (p = 0.008), having no regular primary care provider (p = 0.036) and no chronic pulmonary illness (p = 0.017). Personal distress and access problems in ambulatory care were stated most frequently as consultation motives in the SRW group; network analysis showed the scarcity of associations between demographic and medical SRW determinants and motives triggering the actual decision to consult. To gain a deeper understanding of ED utilization determinants in a population with an exemplary symptomatology, we aimed to comprehensively explore demographic and medical characteristics as well as consultation motives of self-referred walk-in ED patients presenting with respiratory symptoms. The multicenter mixed methods EMACROSS (Emergency and Acute Care for Respiratory Diseases beyond Sectoral Separation) study investigates characteristics, motives and health care utilization of patients with respiratory symptoms in a network of eight EDs in the central district of Berlin, Germany (Berlin-Mitte). abstract: BACKGROUND: Emergency department (ED) consultations are on the rise, and frequently consultations by non-urgent patients have been held accountable. Self-referred walk-in (SRW) consulters supposedly represent a predominantly less urgent patient population. The EMACROSS study aimed to explore consultation determinants and motives in SRW patients with respiratory symptoms. METHODS: Multicenter survey of adult ED patients with respiratory complaints in eight emergency departments in central Berlin, Germany. Secondary hospital records data including diagnoses was additionally assessed. Characteristics of SRW and non-SRW patients were compared. Determinants of SRW consultation were evaluated by binary logistic regression. Consultation motives were analyzed descriptively. As a supplemental approach, network analysis (lasso-regularized mixed graphical model) was performed to explore connections between consultation determinants, consultation features and motives. RESULTS: Between June 2017 and November 2018, n = 472 participants were included, the median age was 55 years (range 18–96), 53.2% of patients were male and n = 185 cases (39.2%) were SRW consulters. The SRW group showed lower proportions of potentially severe (pneumonia and respiratory failure, p < 0.001, χ(2) test) and chronic pulmonary conditions. Determinants of SRW consultation identified by logistic regression were younger age (p < 0.001), tertiary education (p = 0.032), being a first-generation migrant (p = 0.002) or tourist (p = 0.008), having no regular primary care provider (p = 0.036) and no chronic pulmonary illness (p = 0.017). The area under the curve (AUC) for the model was 0.79. Personal distress and access problems in ambulatory care were stated most frequently as consultation motives in the SRW group; network analysis showed the scarcity of associations between demographic and medical SRW determinants and motives triggering the actual decision to consult. CONCLUSIONS: As to “who” consults, this study identified demographic and medical predictors of SRW utilization. The said markers seem only remotely connected to “why” people decide for SRW visits. To alleviate ED crowding by addressing frequent SRW consultation motives, interventions focused on the ability for symptom self-assessment and at better-accessible alternative care seem sensible. TRIAL REGISTRATION: German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00011930); date: 2017/04/25. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32912185/ doi: 10.1186/s12913-020-05689-2 id: cord-292380-ulsejzqt author: Iwanejko, Jakub title: Octahydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-One-Based Aminophosphonic Acids and Their Derivatives—Biological Activity towards Cancer Cells date: 2020-05-22 words: 6156 sentences: 349 pages: flesch: 52 cache: ./cache/cord-292380-ulsejzqt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292380-ulsejzqt.txt summary: Bearing in mind the remarkable precedents of improving the efficacy of cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines by insertion of aminophosphonate moiety and the results of our previous research, we directed our examinations toward the evaluation of antiproliferative properties of the phosphonic derivatives of octahydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one. Bearing in mind the remarkable precedents of improving the efficacy of cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines by insertion of aminophosphonate moiety and the results of our previous research, we directed our examinations toward the evaluation of antiproliferative properties of the phosphonic derivatives of octahydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one. Afterwards, wells were washed five times with water and 50 µL of 0.4% solution of SRB (sulforhodamine B, Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH, Steinheim, Germany) in 1% acetic acid (POCh, Gliwice, Poland) was added to each well and plates were again incubated at RT for 30 min. The unbound dye was removed by washing plates five times with 1% acetic acid, while stained cells were treated with 10 mM TRIS (Tris base, Sigma-Aldrich, Chemie GmbH, Steinheim, Germany). abstract: In the search for new antitumor agents, aminophosphonic acids and their derivatives based on octahydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one scaffold were obtained and their cytotoxic properties and a mechanism of action were evaluated. Phosphonic acid and phosphonate moieties increased the antiproliferative activity in comparison to phenolic Mannich bases previously reported. Most of the obtained compounds revealed a strong antiproliferative effect against leukemia cell line (MV-4-11) with simultaneous low cytotoxicity against normal cell line (mouse fibroblasts-BALB/3T3). The most active compound was diphenyl-[(1R,6R)-3-oxo-2,5-diazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-4-yl]phosphonate. Preliminary evaluation of the mechanism of action showed the proapoptotic effect associated with caspase 3/7 induction. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32455965/ doi: 10.3390/ma13102393 id: cord-168710-a5pst4gf author: Jalilian, Abdollah title: A hierarchical spatio-temporal model to analyze relative risk variations of COVID-19: a focus on Spain, Italy and Germany date: 2020-09-28 words: 4576 sentences: 277 pages: flesch: 53 cache: ./cache/cord-168710-a5pst4gf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-168710-a5pst4gf.txt summary: In this paper, we use a spatio-temporal stochastic model to explain the temporal and spatial variations in the daily number of new confirmed cases in Spain, Italy and Germany from late February to mid September 2020. To account for the underlying temporal and spatial autocorrelation structure in the spread of COVID-19, available data on the daily number of new cases and deaths in different countries/regions have already been analyzed in a considerable number of studies. Variations of the random rate Λ it relative to the expected number of cases E it provide useful information about the spatio-temporal risk of COVID-19 in the whole spatial domain of interest during the study period. For example, a histogram with heights Table 4 presents the Bayesian estimates (posterior means) for every parameter of the considered model fitted to the daily number of new COVID-19 cases in Spain, Italy and Germany. abstract: The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread rapidly across the world in a short period of time and with a heterogeneous pattern. Understanding the underlying temporal and spatial dynamics in the spread of COVID-19 can result in informed and timely public health policies. In this paper, we use a spatio-temporal stochastic model to explain the temporal and spatial variations in the daily number of new confirmed cases in Spain, Italy and Germany from late February to mid September 2020. Using a hierarchical Bayesian framework, we found that the temporal trend of the epidemic in the three countries rapidly reached their peaks and slowly started to decline at the beginning of April and then increased and reached their second maximum in August. However decline and increase of the temporal trend seems to be sharper in Spain and smoother in Germany. The spatial heterogeneity of the relative risk of COVID-19 in Spain is also more pronounced than Italy and Germany. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.13577v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-285162-srkd3wh0 author: Jung, F. title: How we should respond to the Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 outbreak: A German perspective date: 2020-06-05 words: 4634 sentences: 256 pages: flesch: 61 cache: ./cache/cord-285162-srkd3wh0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285162-srkd3wh0.txt summary: Figure 1 shows that until March 20 (day 80), the daily cases of new confirmed infections increased with doubling times between 1-5 days, showing a strong exponential rise of positive tests for SARS-CoV-2 infections in Germany. Common elements of these Asian states were the immediate action of governments to implement certain social distancing strategies and the wearing of face masks in public to reduce the number of new cases, which has proven to be effective to prevent transmission from infected individuals [15] . This led to a longer phase of exponential growth of SARS-CoV-2 infections and deaths in Germany, France and Italy and caused cumulative case numbers to grow significantly higher in comparison to the East-Asian countries (Fig. 2) . Until the end of March (day 91), Japan, however, has managed to stabilize these at under 5,000 confirmed cases, while Germany had almost 71,000 and France almost 52,000 confirmed SARS-Cov-2 infections. abstract: BACKGROUND: In the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic Germany missed to set up efficient containment measures. Consequently, the number of cases increased exponentially until a lockdown was implemented to suppress the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Fortunately, Germany has a high capability for coronavirus lab testing and more than 30,000 ICU beds. These capabilities and the lockdown turned out to be an advantage to combat the pandemic and to prevent a health-system overload. AIM: The aim was to predict the plateau day of SARS-CoV-2 infections or deaths. RESULTS: The effect on the viral spread of the German measures taken and the impact on the peak of new infection cases is shown. By normalizing daily case numbers, the plateau day of the current outbreak in Germany could be calculated to be reached at April 12, 2020 (day 103 of 2020). CONCLUSION: Normalized case number curves are helpful to predict the time point at which no further new infections will occur if the epidemic situation remains stable. Upon reaching the plateau day during a lockdown phase, a residual time-period of about 2-3 weeks can be utilized to prepare a safe unlocking period. As can be learned from Asian countries such as South Korea and Taiwan there must be strict rules to keep the risk of infection low. Those include social distancing, face mask wearing in combination with digital contact tracing and serosurveillance studies. Following those rules, a safe dance around the infection curve allows to keep the population at a reduced infection rate. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32390611/ doi: 10.3233/ch-209004 id: cord-299988-jaekryq5 author: Karte, Claudia title: Re-emergence of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in a piglet-producing farm in northwestern Germany in 2019 date: 2020-09-10 words: 3145 sentences: 194 pages: flesch: 54 cache: ./cache/cord-299988-jaekryq5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299988-jaekryq5.txt summary: title: Re-emergence of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in a piglet-producing farm in northwestern Germany in 2019 After initial confirmation of PEDV by real-time RT-PCR, fecal material and small intestine samples from affected pigs were subjected to metagenomic analyses employing next-generation sequencing. Phylogenetic analyses showed high identities among the PEDV sequences obtained from samples of different animals and a close relation to recent strains from Hungary and France. After reports from Asia, that a new PEDV variant caused considerable losses [12, 13] , that highly virulent PEDV variant emerged also in the United States (US) in 2013, with swine farms experiencing explosive epidemics affecting all age classes of animals, with up to 95% mortality in suckling pigs [2, 14] . Emergence of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in the United States: clinical signs, lesions, and viral genomic sequences abstract: BACKGROUND: Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is a viral enteric disease of pigs. It affects all age classes of animals but lethality is mainly seen in suckling piglets. After its first appearance in England in 1971, Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has spread worldwide. While sporadic outbreaks prevailed in Europe, the disease had high impact in Asia. Following particularly severe outbreaks in 2011, high impact cases were also reported in the United States and neighboring countries in 2013. Subsequently, outbreaks were also reported in several European countries including Germany. These outbreaks were less severe. This case report describes a recent case of PED re-emergence in Germany and the sequence analyses of the causative PEDV. CASE PRESENTATION: In spring 2019 5 years after re-introduction of PED into Central Europe, a piglet-producer in northwestern Germany experienced an outbreak that affected sows, their suckling piglets, and weaners. After initial confirmation of PEDV by real-time RT-PCR, fecal material and small intestine samples from affected pigs were subjected to metagenomic analyses employing next-generation sequencing. Phylogenetic analyses showed high identities among the PEDV sequences obtained from samples of different animals and a close relation to recent strains from Hungary and France. Compared to the PEDV strains analyzed in 2014, genetic drift could be confirmed. Changes were mainly observed in the spike protein encoding S gene segment. In addition, metagenomic analyses showed multiple Picobirnavirus reads in all investigated samples. CONCLUSION: This case report shows that PEDV is still circulating in Europe. The causative strains are moderately virulent and are still closely related to the so-called INDEL strains reported previously in Europe, including Germany. However, a genetic drift has taken place that can be seen in a novel cluster comprising strains from Germany, Hungary and France in 2019. Relevance and impact of the detected Picobirna sequences need further investigations. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-020-02548-4 doi: 10.1186/s12917-020-02548-4 id: cord-269559-gvvnvcfo author: Kergaßner, Andreas title: Memory-based meso-scale modeling of Covid-19: County-resolved timelines in Germany date: 2020-08-03 words: 4492 sentences: 257 pages: flesch: 54 cache: ./cache/cord-269559-gvvnvcfo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269559-gvvnvcfo.txt summary: Here, we combine a spatially resolved county-level infection model for Germany with a memory-based integro-differential approach capable of directly including medical data on the course of disease, which is not possible when using traditional SIR-type models. Based on the history of S, other quantities and subgroups can be determined directly from including medical data on the various courses and infectiousness levels of the disease via corresponding integration weights: We distinguish between the states infectious γ I , symptomatic γ S , tested and quarantined γ Q , hospitalized γ H , in intensive care γ ICU , recovered γ R and deceased γ D . Figure 6 shows the model predicted spatial distribution at county resolution of infectious, symptomatic, hospitalized, and patients in intensive care, following from the individual disease courses in Fig. 1 . abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an unprecedented world-wide effort to gather data, model, and understand the viral spread. Entire societies and economies are desperate to recover and get back to normality. However, to this end accurate models are of essence that capture both the viral spread and the courses of disease in space and time at reasonable resolution. Here, we combine a spatially resolved county-level infection model for Germany with a memory-based integro-differential approach capable of directly including medical data on the course of disease, which is not possible when using traditional SIR-type models. We calibrate our model with data on cumulative detected infections and deaths from the Robert-Koch Institute and demonstrate how the model can be used to obtain county- or even city-level estimates on the number of new infections, hospitality rates and demands on intensive care units. We believe that the present work may help guide decision makers to locally fine-tune their expedient response to potential new outbreaks in the near future. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00466-020-01883-5 doi: 10.1007/s00466-020-01883-5 id: cord-303489-ve1fgnyg author: Klabunde, Thomas title: How high and long will the COVID-19 wave be? A data-driven approach to model and predict the COVID-19 epidemic and the required capacity for the German health system date: 2020-04-17 words: 4825 sentences: 230 pages: flesch: 58 cache: ./cache/cord-303489-ve1fgnyg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303489-ve1fgnyg.txt summary: This study aims to describe the impact of these control measures on the spread of the disease for Italy and Germany, forecast the epidemic trend of COVID-19 in both countries and estimate the medical capacity requirements in terms of hospital beds and intensive care units (ICUs) for optimal clinical treatment of severe and critical COVID-19 patients, for the Germany health system. Based on the projected number of new COVID-19 cases we expect that the hospital capacity requirements for severe and critical cases in Germany will decline from the 2nd week of April onwards from 13,500 to ~2500 hospital beds (range 1500-4300) and from 2500 to ~500 ICU beds in early May (range 300-800). Since early March several European governments have implemented numerous control measures to reduce the transmission of the disease and decrease the number of new daily cases of COVID-19 so that fewer patients need to seek treatment at any given time and avoid overwhelming hospital capacity, commonly referred as "flattening the curve". abstract: Background an objective: In March 2020 the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has been declared as global pandemic. Most countries have implemented numerous social distancing measures in order to limit its transmission and control the outbreak. This study aims to describe the impact of these control measures on the spread of the disease for Italy and Germany, forecast the epidemic trend of COVID-19 in both countries and estimate the medical capacity requirements in terms of hospital beds and intensive care units (ICUs) for optimal clinical treatment of severe and critical COVID-19 patients, for the Germany health system. Methods: We used an exponential decline function to model the trajectory of the daily growth rate of infections in Italy and Germany. A linear regression of the logarithmic growth rate functions of different stages allowed to describe the impact of the social distancing measures leading to a faster decline of the growth rate in both countries. We used the linear model to predict the number of diagnosed and fatal COVID-19 cases from April 10th until May 31st. For Germany we estimated the required daily number of hospital beds and intensive care units (ICU) using clinical observations on the average lengths of a hospital stay for the severe and critical COVID-19 patients. Results: Analyzing the data from Germany and Italy allowed us to identify changes in the trajectory of the growth rate of infection most likely resulted from the various social distancing measures implemented. In Italy a stronger decline in the growth rate was observed around the week of March 17th, whereas for Germany the stronger decline occurred approximately a week later (the week of March 23rd). Under the assumption that the impact of the measures will last, the total size of the outbreak can be estimated to 155,000 cases in Germany (range 140,000-180,000) and to 185,000 cases in Italy (range 175,000-200,000). For Germany the total number of deaths until May 31st is calculated to 3,850 (range 3,500-4,450). Based on the projected number of new COVID-19 cases we expect that the hospital capacity requirements for severe and critical cases in Germany will decline from the 2nd week of April onwards from 13,500 to ~2500 hospital beds (range 1500-4300) and from 2500 to ~500 ICU beds in early May (range 300-800). Conclusion: The modeling effort presented here provides a valuable framework to capture the impact of the social distancing measures on the COVID-19 epidemic in European countries and to forecast the future trend of daily COVID-19 cases. It provides a tool for medical authorities in Germany and other countries to help inform the required hospital capacity of the health care system. Germany appears to be in the middle of the (first) COVID-19 outbreak wave and the German health system is well prepared to handle it with the available capacities. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.14.20064790 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.14.20064790 id: cord-270948-qfsjtflv author: Klosterhalfen, Stephanie title: Waterpipe Use among Adolescents in Germany: Prevalence, Associated Consumer Characteristics, and Trends (German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents, KiGGS) date: 2020-10-22 words: 5542 sentences: 321 pages: flesch: 60 cache: ./cache/cord-270948-qfsjtflv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270948-qfsjtflv.txt summary: The German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS) study and studies of the Federal Centre for Health Education (BZgA) such as the Drug Affinity Study have collected data on awareness about and use of WP, differentiated according to migration background, frequency of consumption, and combined consumption of tobacco cigarettes, WPs, e-products, and tobacco heaters [16, 30] . More specifically, based on data of the second wave of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS Wave 2), in the present study, we aimed to (i) investigate the prevalence of WP consumption among 11-to 17-year-old boys and girls; (ii) describe the frequency of WP use and the self-assessed smoking status; (iii) examine the associations between sociodemographic factors, smoking status and WP consumption among adolescents; and (iv) to monitor trends between the previous and the current wave of the KiGGS study. abstract: Waterpipe (WP) use is popular among youth worldwide, but epidemiological data from Germany are scarce. We aimed to describe prevalence rates of WP use (current, last 12 months, ever) and analysed correlates and trends among 11- to 17-year-olds in Germany. Analyses were based on data from the “German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents” study during 2014–2017 (n = 6599). Changes in WP use prevalence compared with 2009–2012 were used to describe trends. Associations with sociodemographic characteristics and cigarette smoking were assessed with multivariable logistic regression models. Prevalence of current WP use among adolescents was 8.5% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 7.5–9.6), use in the last 12 months was 19.7% (95% CI = 18.3–21.2), and ever use was 25.8% (95% CI = 24.2–27.5). High prevalence rates were particularly found among 16–17-year-olds. During 2009–2012, these prevalence rates were 9.0%, 18.5%, and 26.1%, respectively. WP use was associated with older age, male sex, migration background, lower educational level, and current smoking status. Among current WP users, 66.2% (95% CI = 60.0–71.9) identified themselves as non-smokers, and 38.1% (95% CI = 32.5–44.0) had used WP ≥ three times in the last month. WP consumption is popular among German youth, and prevalence rates have not changed over time. Specific prevention strategies to reduce harmful WP consumption among youth should be implemented. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217740 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17217740 id: cord-255465-sc1yzzsn author: Krasteva, Gabriela title: Caveolin-1 and -2 in airway epithelium: expression and in situ association as detected by FRET-CLSM date: 2006-08-11 words: 5663 sentences: 307 pages: flesch: 52 cache: ./cache/cord-255465-sc1yzzsn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255465-sc1yzzsn.txt summary: METHODS: Western blotting, real-time quantitative PCR analysis of abraded tracheal epithelium and laser-assisted microdissection combined with subsequent mRNA analysis were used to examine the expression of cav-1 and cav-2, two major caveolar coat proteins, in rat tracheal epithelium. Immunoreactivities for cav-1 and for cav-2 were co-localized in the cell membrane of the basal cells and basolaterally in the ciliated epithelial cells of large airways of rat and human. To address the molecular composition of caveolae, we determined the molecular association of cav-1α and cav-2 in tracheal epithelial cells in tissue sections by double-labeling indirect immunofluorescence combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) analysis. RT-PCR analysis of total mRNA isolated from rat lungs and abraded tracheal epithelial cells revealed expression of cav-1 and cav-2. Conventional indirect double-labeling immunofluorescence with subsequent FRET-CLSM analysis was conducted to determine whether cav-1 and cav-2 are in close apposition in airway epithelial cells in situ, thereby indicating an association of both proteins and formation of hetero-oligomers. abstract: BACKGROUND: Caveolae are involved in diverse cellular functions such as signal transduction, cholesterol homeostasis, endo- and transcytosis, and also may serve as entry sites for microorganisms. Hence, their occurrence in epithelium of the airways might be expected but, nonetheless, has not yet been examined. METHODS: Western blotting, real-time quantitative PCR analysis of abraded tracheal epithelium and laser-assisted microdissection combined with subsequent mRNA analysis were used to examine the expression of cav-1 and cav-2, two major caveolar coat proteins, in rat tracheal epithelium. Fluorescence immunohistochemistry was performed to locate caveolae and cav-1 and -2 in the airway epithelium of rats, mice and humans. Electron-microscopic analysis was used for the identification of caveolae. CLSM-FRET analysis determined the interaction of cav-1α and cav-2 in situ. RESULTS: Western blotting and laser-assisted microdissection identified protein and transcripts, respectively, of cav-1 and cav-2 in airway epithelium. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR analysis of abraded tracheal epithelium revealed a higher expression of cav-2 than of cav-1. Immunoreactivities for cav-1 and for cav-2 were co-localized in the cell membrane of the basal cells and basolaterally in the ciliated epithelial cells of large airways of rat and human. However, no labeling for cav-1 or cav-2 was observed in the epithelial cells of small bronchi. Using conventional double-labeling indirect immunofluorescence combined with CLSM-FRET analysis, we detected an association of cav-1α and -2 in epithelial cells. The presence of caveolae was confirmed by electron microscopy. In contrast to human and rat, cav-1-immunoreactivity and caveolae were confined to basal cells in mice. Epithelial caveolae were absent in cav-1-deficient mice, implicating a requirement of this caveolar protein in epithelial caveolae formation. CONCLUSION: These results show that caveolae and caveolins are integral membrane components in basal and ciliated epithelial cells, indicating a crucial role in these cell types. In addition to their physiological role, they may be involved in airway infection. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16904002/ doi: 10.1186/1465-9921-7-108 id: cord-294815-mhqe3xjz author: Küchenhoff, H. title: Analysis of the early Covid-19 epidemic curve in Germany by regression models with change points date: 2020-10-30 words: 4049 sentences: 226 pages: flesch: 57 cache: ./cache/cord-294815-mhqe3xjz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294815-mhqe3xjz.txt summary: title: Analysis of the early Covid-19 epidemic curve in Germany by regression models with change points We apply the segmented regression model to time series of the estimated daily numbers of infections for Bavaria and Germany. Since the back propagation algorithm yields an estimate for the expected values of the number of daily infections and does so by inducing a smoothing effect, as a sensitivity analysis for the location of the breakpoints, we also apply the model to the time series of the daily number of disease onsets. In Figure 1 , the three different time series of daily cases (reported, disease onset and estimated infection date) are presented. For the Bavarian data on disease onset, the model with K = 4 change points gives the best result with an estimate of the over-dispersion parameter of 3.8, i.e., the variance of Y t is 3.8 times higher than the value of Var(Y t ) = E(Y t ) otherwise expected under the assumption of the Poisson regression model. abstract: We analyze the Covid-19 epidemic curve from March to end of April 2020 in Germany. We use statistical models to estimate the number of cases with disease onset on a given day and use back-projection techniques to obtain the number of new infections per day. The respective time series are analyzed by a Poisson trend regression model with change points. The change points are estimated directly from the data without further assumptions. We carry out the analysis for the whole of Germany and the federal state of Bavaria, where we have more detailed data. Both analyses show a major change between March 9th and 13th for the time series of infections: from a strong increase to a stagnation or a slight decrease. Another change was found between March 24th and March 31st, where the decline intensified. These two major changes can be related to different governmental measures. On March, 11th, Chancellor Merkel appealed for social distancing in a press conference with the Robert Koch Institute (RKI) and a ban on major events with more than 1000 visitors (March 10th) was issued. The other change point at the end of March could be related to the shutdown in Germany. Our results differ from those by other authors as we take into account the reporting delay, which turned out to be time dependent and therefore changes the structure of the epidemic curve compared to the curve of newly reported cases url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.29.20222265v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.10.29.20222265 id: cord-333413-8buawes0 author: Liebing, J. title: Health status of free-ranging ring-necked pheasant chicks (Phasianus colchicus) in North-Western Germany date: 2020-06-16 words: 5556 sentences: 306 pages: flesch: 51 cache: ./cache/cord-333413-8buawes0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333413-8buawes0.txt summary: Being a typical ground-breeding bird of the agricultural landscape in Germany, the pheasant has experienced a strong and persistent population decline with a hitherto unexplained cause. In the present study, 62 free-ranging pheasant chicks were caught within a two-year period in three federal states of Germany; Lower Saxony, North Rhine-Westphalia and Schleswig-Holstein. Pheasant chick deaths may often have been triggered by poor nutritional status, probably in association with inflammatory changes in various tissues and organs as well as bacterial and parasitic pathogens. In 2014 and 2015, the Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research (ITAW), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover and the Wildlife Research Institute, State Office for Nature, Environment and Consumer Protection of North Rhine-Westphalia caught free-living Ring-necked Pheasant chicks from Lower Saxony (Cuxhaven, Grafschaft Bentheim, Emsland, Osnabrück, Vechta), North Rhine-Westphalia (Coesfeld, Warendorf) and Schleswig-Holstein (Dithmarschen) to assess the health state by means of pathological, microbiological, virological, parasitological and toxicological investigations. abstract: Being a typical ground-breeding bird of the agricultural landscape in Germany, the pheasant has experienced a strong and persistent population decline with a hitherto unexplained cause. Contributing factors to the ongoing negative trend, such as the effects of pesticides, diseases, predation, increase in traffic and reduced fallow periods, are currently being controversially discussed. In the present study, 62 free-ranging pheasant chicks were caught within a two-year period in three federal states of Germany; Lower Saxony, North Rhine-Westphalia and Schleswig-Holstein. The pheasant chicks were divided into three age groups to detect differences in their development and physical constitution. In addition, pathomorphological, parasitological, virological, bacteriological and toxicological investigations were performed. The younger chicks were emaciated, while the older chicks were of moderate to good nutritional status. However, the latter age group was limited to a maximum of three chicks per hen, while the youngest age class comprised up to ten chicks. The majority of chicks suffered from dermatitis of the periocular and caudal region of the head (57–94%) of unknown origin. In addition, intestinal enteritis (100%), pneumonia (26%), hepatitis (24%), perineuritis (6%), tracheitis (24%), muscle degeneration (1%) and myositis (1%) were found. In 78% of the cases, various Mycoplasma spp. were isolated. Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) was not detected using an MG-specific PCR. Parasitic infections included Philopteridae (55%), Coccidia (48%), Heterakis/Ascaridia spp. (8%) and Syngamus trachea (13%). A total of 8% of the chicks were Avian metapneumovirus (AMPV) positive using RT-PCR, 16% positive for infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) using RT-PCR, and 2% positive for haemorrhagic enteritis virus (HEV) using PCR. All samples tested for avian encephalomyelitis virus (AEV), infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) or infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) were negative. The pool samples of the ten chicks were negative for all acid, alkaline-free and derivative substances, while two out of three samples tested were positive for the herbicide glyphosate. Pheasant chick deaths may often have been triggered by poor nutritional status, probably in association with inflammatory changes in various tissues and organs as well as bacterial and parasitic pathogens. Theses impacts may have played a major role in the decline in pheasant populations. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32544211/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234044 id: cord-252244-y5w9hjy8 author: Loeffler-Wirth, H. title: Covid-19 trajectories: Monitoring pandemic in the worldwide context date: 2020-06-05 words: 7923 sentences: 425 pages: flesch: 50 cache: ./cache/cord-252244-y5w9hjy8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252244-y5w9hjy8.txt summary: Different models, mostly assuming a series of diseases states such as the ''Susceptible-Infected-Removed'' (SIR) types (see below) have been used to describe ''epi-curves'' of selected countries and regions under consideration of i) spatial heterogeneous outbreak and transmission scenarios, and ii) the effect of NPIs [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] . The obtained trajectories then enable to visually estimate the dynamic state of epidemic in terms of simple shape characteristics such as slope, parallel shifts or turning points with direct relations to transmission and removal rates of the disease. They enable monitoring the state in terms of differences and similarities between the countries and geographic regions revealing specifics and commons of epidemic spread: (i) A unique linear slope of most of the trajectories in the intermediate abscissa range is indicative for exponential growth in early phases of the outbreak of the pandemic (low level of immunity in the population). abstract: Background: Covid-19 pandemic is developing worldwide with common dynamics but also with partly marked differences between regions and countries. They are not completely understood, but presumably, provide one clue to find ways to mitigate epidemics until exit strategies to its eradication become available. Method: We provide a monitoring tool available at www.izbi.de. It enables inspection of the dynamic state of the epidemic in 187 countries using trajectories. They visualize transmission and removal rates of the epidemic and this way bridge epi-curve tracking with modelling approaches. Results: Examples were provided which characterize state of epidemic in different regions of the world in terms of fast and slow growing and decaying regimes and estimate associated rate factors. Basic spread of the disease associates with transmission between two individuals every two-three days on the average. Non-pharmaceutical interventions decrease this value to up to ten days where complete lock down measures are required to stop the epidemic. Comparison of trajectories revealed marked differences between the countries regarding efficiency of measures taken against the epidemic. Trajectories also reveal marked country-specific dynamics of recovery and death rates. Conclusions: The results presented refer to the pandemic state in May 2020 and can serve as working instruction for timely monitoring using the interactive monitoring tool as a sort of seismometer for the evaluation of the state of epidemic, e.g., the possible effect of measures taken in both, lock-down and lock-up directions. Comparison of trajectories between countries and regions will support developing hypotheses and models to better understand regional differences of dynamics of Covid-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.04.20120725 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.04.20120725 id: cord-289285-aof7xy13 author: Michaelis, Martin title: Glycyrrhizin Exerts Antioxidative Effects in H5N1 Influenza A Virus-Infected Cells and Inhibits Virus Replication and Pro-Inflammatory Gene Expression date: 2011-05-17 words: 4282 sentences: 270 pages: flesch: 42 cache: ./cache/cord-289285-aof7xy13.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289285-aof7xy13.txt summary: title: Glycyrrhizin Exerts Antioxidative Effects in H5N1 Influenza A Virus-Infected Cells and Inhibits Virus Replication and Pro-Inflammatory Gene Expression Here, the effects of an approved parenteral glycyrrhizin preparation (Stronger Neo-Minophafen C) were investigated on highly pathogenic influenza A H5N1 virus replication, H5N1-induced apoptosis, and H5N1-induced pro-inflammatory responses in lung epithelial (A549) cells. The mechanism by which glycyrrhizin interferes with H5N1 replication and H5N1-induced pro-inflammatory gene expression includes inhibition of H5N1-induced formation of reactive oxygen species and (in turn) reduced activation of NFκB, JNK, and p38, redox-sensitive signalling events known to be relevant for influenza A virus replication. Glycyrrhizin 200 mg/ml (the maximum tested concentration) did not affect A549 cell viability (data not shown) but clearly decreased CPE formation in A549 cells infected with the H5N1 influenza strain A/Thailand/1(Kan-1)/04 at MOIs of 0.01, 0.1 or 1 ( Figure 1A ). Here, we show that glycyrrhizin inhibits the replication of highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza A virus, H5N1-induced apoptosis, and H5N1-induced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in lung-derived A549 cells. abstract: Glycyrrhizin is known to exert antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects. Here, the effects of an approved parenteral glycyrrhizin preparation (Stronger Neo-Minophafen C) were investigated on highly pathogenic influenza A H5N1 virus replication, H5N1-induced apoptosis, and H5N1-induced pro-inflammatory responses in lung epithelial (A549) cells. Therapeutic glycyrrhizin concentrations substantially inhibited H5N1-induced expression of the pro-inflammatory molecules CXCL10, interleukin 6, CCL2, and CCL5 (effective glycyrrhizin concentrations 25 to 50 µg/ml) but interfered with H5N1 replication and H5N1-induced apoptosis to a lesser extent (effective glycyrrhizin concentrations 100 µg/ml or higher). Glycyrrhizin also diminished monocyte migration towards supernatants of H5N1-infected A549 cells. The mechanism by which glycyrrhizin interferes with H5N1 replication and H5N1-induced pro-inflammatory gene expression includes inhibition of H5N1-induced formation of reactive oxygen species and (in turn) reduced activation of NFκB, JNK, and p38, redox-sensitive signalling events known to be relevant for influenza A virus replication. Therefore, glycyrrhizin may complement the arsenal of potential drugs for the treatment of H5N1 disease. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21611183/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019705 id: cord-239527-69bxbhjh author: Montag, Felix title: Are temporary value-added tax reductions passed on to consumers? Evidence from Germany''s stimulus date: 2020-08-19 words: 5431 sentences: 297 pages: flesch: 64 cache: ./cache/cord-239527-69bxbhjh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-239527-69bxbhjh.txt summary: Using a unique dataset containing the universe of price changes at fuel stations in Germany and France in June and July 2020, we employ a difference-in-differences strategy and find that pass-through is fast and substantial but remains incomplete for all fuel types. We estimate the pass-through rate for diesel and gasoline using a unique dataset containing the universe of price changes at fuel stations in Germany and France in June and July 2020 and employing a differencein-differences strategy. Our unique dataset allows us to observe all price changes for around 23, 000 fuel stations across Germany and France before and after the temporary VAT rate reduction. To estimate the average pass-through rate of the VAT reduction, we use a differencein-differences strategy, where we compare daily prices of the three main fuel types sold at fuel stations in Germany and France before and after the policy change. abstract: This paper provides the first estimates of the pass-through rate of the ongoing temporary value-added tax (VAT) reduction, which is part of the German fiscal response to COVID-19. Using a unique dataset containing the universe of price changes at fuel stations in Germany and France in June and July 2020, we employ a difference-in-differences strategy and find that pass-through is fast and substantial but remains incomplete for all fuel types. Furthermore, we find a high degree of heterogeneity between the pass-through estimates for different fuel types. Our results are consistent with the interpretation that pass-through rates are higher for customer groups who are more likely to exert competitive pressure by shopping for lower prices. Our results have important implications for the effectiveness of the stimulus measure and the cost-effective design of unconventional fiscal policy. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.08511v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-289555-1z4vbldd author: Mühldorfer, Kristin title: Diseases and Causes of Death in European Bats: Dynamics in Disease Susceptibility and Infection Rates date: 2011-12-28 words: 5764 sentences: 303 pages: flesch: 44 cache: ./cache/cord-289555-1z4vbldd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289555-1z4vbldd.txt summary: Comparative analysis of pathological findings and microbiological results show that microbial agents indeed have an impact on bats succumbing to infectious diseases, with fatal bacterial, viral and parasitic infections found in at least 12% of the bats investigated. The clear seasonal and individual variations in disease prevalence and infection rates indicate that maternity colonies are more susceptible to infectious agents, underlining the possible important role of host physiology, immunity and roosting behavior as risk factors for infection of bats. In this study, we provide new data on infectious diseases in European bat species, considering factors likely to affect the susceptibility of bats to infectious agents including effects of seasonality, individual and species-specific heterogeneities, and possible intra-and inter-species transmission dynamics. Comparative bacteriologic and histo-pathologic analysis identified 22 different bacterial species that were clearly associated with pathological lesions and/or systemic infection, found in 17% (n = 73) of bats investigated bacteriologically ( Table 5) . abstract: BACKGROUND: Bats receive increasing attention in infectious disease studies, because of their well recognized status as reservoir species for various infectious agents. This is even more important, as bats with their capability of long distance dispersal and complex social structures are unique in the way microbes could be spread by these mammalian species. Nevertheless, infection studies in bats are predominantly limited to the identification of specific pathogens presenting a potential health threat to humans. But the impact of infectious agents on the individual host and their importance on bat mortality is largely unknown and has been neglected in most studies published to date. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Between 2002 and 2009, 486 deceased bats of 19 European species (family Vespertilionidae) were collected in different geographic regions in Germany. Most animals represented individual cases that have been incidentally found close to roosting sites or near human habitation in urban and urban-like environments. The bat carcasses were subjected to a post-mortem examination and investigated histo-pathologically, bacteriologically and virologically. Trauma and disease represented the most important causes of death in these bats. Comparative analysis of pathological findings and microbiological results show that microbial agents indeed have an impact on bats succumbing to infectious diseases, with fatal bacterial, viral and parasitic infections found in at least 12% of the bats investigated. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our data demonstrate the importance of diseases and infectious agents as cause of death in European bat species. The clear seasonal and individual variations in disease prevalence and infection rates indicate that maternity colonies are more susceptible to infectious agents, underlining the possible important role of host physiology, immunity and roosting behavior as risk factors for infection of bats. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22216354/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029773 id: cord-254169-sjoiv70c author: Nakano, Katsuyuki title: Future risk of dengue fever to workforce and industry through global supply chain date: 2017-03-16 words: 6284 sentences: 300 pages: flesch: 51 cache: ./cache/cord-254169-sjoiv70c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254169-sjoiv70c.txt summary: The results indicate that more than 10% of the workers involved in the supply chain of all the major industries in the United States (USA), China, Japan, and Germany could be considered at risk of contracting dengue fever by 2030. The effect of widespread dengue fever infection could influence industrial activities severely, not only in the regions most at risk (India and Brazil) but also in the other regions (USA, Japan, and Germany). 2015) Number of workers at risk of dengue per value of production of each industrial sector (direct impact) Multi-regional input-output (MRIO) tables (Wood et al. An industrial sector located in the upper right side of the graph has higher production value and a large number of workers at risk of contracting dengue fever; therefore, this industry would be specifically advised to introduce countermeasures to manage the effects of the disease. abstract: The primary vector of the dengue fever virus, the Aedes aegypti mosquito, is distributed across the tropical and sub-tropical latitudes; however, the area at risk of infection has been expanding steadily. This study aimed to identify the industries most vulnerable to the effects of dengue fever by 2030. The assessment was done by considering the international supply chain, with aspects such as the labor intensity, and the relevant geographical and socioeconomic aspects being taken into account. In addition, multi-regional input-output tables were employed to analyze the ripple effects of productivity losses resulting from workers contracting the disease. The results indicate that more than 10% of the workers involved in the supply chain of all the major industries in the United States (USA), China, Japan, and Germany could be considered at risk of contracting dengue fever by 2030. Moreover, the risk was even higher in India and Brazil, namely, more than 70%. The effect of widespread dengue fever infection could influence industrial activities severely, not only in the regions most at risk (India and Brazil) but also in the other regions (USA, Japan, and Germany). Labor-intensive industries, such as agriculture, fisheries, and the distribution sector are particularly at risk and will have to consider appropriate contingency measures. It is recommended that the downstream side of the supply chain, the industries in the USA, Japan, and Germany, supports the introduction of worker’s health management system against the infectious disease into their business partners. This study employed limited data and only estimated the possible effects of the disease by 2030. Further comprehensive analysis is required with more data modeled for the future to verify and enhance the reliability of the present results. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32214871/ doi: 10.1007/s11027-017-9741-4 id: cord-033219-uwzgbpeo author: Naumann, Elias title: COVID‐19 policies in Germany and their social, political, and psychological consequences date: 2020-09-28 words: 4656 sentences: 212 pages: flesch: 56 cache: ./cache/cord-033219-uwzgbpeo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-033219-uwzgbpeo.txt summary: In this paper, we will focus on Germany, briefly summarize the main policies during the first 6 weeks of confinement and then explore political attitudes, risk perceptions, and the social consequences of the lockdown. Finally, we explore the psychological reactions of the public focusing on how threatened people feel by the COVID-19 pandemic, how they rate their individual infection risk and their ability to control an infection, and the perceived likelihood of severe illness if infected (see Appendix for the exact wording of questions and response scale). Our analysis of survey data starting at the peak of the first wave briefly after the lockdown was introduced shows very high approval rates of these policy measures which might explain their success in effectively delaying the spread and reducing new infections to below 1,000 per day by mid-May. Also, Germany managed to keep the number of deaths at a very low level throughout the crisis (see contributions by Malandrino (2020) on Italy and by Colfer (2020) , covering the UK, in this issue). abstract: Many policy analyses on COVID‐19 have been focusing on what kind of policies are implemented to contain the spread of COVID‐19. What seems equally important to explore are the social and political consequences of the confinement policies. Does the public support strict confinement policies? What are the social, political, and psychological consequences of the confinement policies? The question of how legitimate a policy is among the public is at the core of democratic theory. Its relevance also stems from the expected consequences of public support on behavior: The more someone supports a policy, the more someone is likely to follow the policy even if the policy is not strictly enforced. In this paper, we will focus on Germany, briefly summarize the main policies during the first 6 weeks of confinement and then explore political attitudes, risk perceptions, and the social consequences of the lockdown. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7537296/ doi: 10.1002/epa2.1091 id: cord-337339-0vkigjv2 author: Osterrieder, Nikolaus title: Age-Dependent Progression of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Syrian Hamsters date: 2020-07-20 words: 4327 sentences: 220 pages: flesch: 47 cache: ./cache/cord-337339-0vkigjv2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337339-0vkigjv2.txt summary: We propose that comparative assessment in young versus aged hamsters of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and treatments may yield valuable information, as this small-animal model appears to mirror age-dependent differences in human patients. Moreover, transgenic mice expressing human ACE2 represent a lethal SARS-CoV-2 infection model resulting in significant weight loss and permitting robust virus replication in the respiratory tract including the lungs [20] . In contrast to SARS-CoV-2 titers, histopathological changes differed markedly between young and aged Syrian hamsters over time: younger animals launched more severe reactions at early time points after infection, while lesions and inflammation in the lungs became more pronounced and widespread at later time points in the elderly. Based on the data presented here, we propose that comparative preclinical assessments of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and other treatment options in young versus aged hamsters may yield valuable and relevant results, as this small animal model appears to mimic age-dependent differences in humans. abstract: In late 2019, an outbreak of a severe respiratory disease caused by an emerging coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, resulted in high morbidity and mortality in infected humans. Complete understanding of COVID-19, the multi-faceted disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, requires suitable small animal models, as does the development and evaluation of vaccines and antivirals. Since age-dependent differences of COVID-19 were identified in humans, we compared the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection in young and aged Syrian hamsters. We show that virus replication in the upper and lower respiratory tract was independent of the age of the animals. However, older hamsters exhibited more pronounced and consistent weight loss. In situ hybridization in the lungs identified viral RNA in bronchial epithelium, alveolar epithelial cells type I and II, and macrophages. Histopathology revealed clear age-dependent differences, with young hamsters launching earlier and stronger immune cell influx than aged hamsters. The latter developed conspicuous alveolar and perivascular edema, indicating vascular leakage. In contrast, we observed rapid lung recovery at day 14 after infection only in young hamsters. We propose that comparative assessment in young versus aged hamsters of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and treatments may yield valuable information, as this small-animal model appears to mirror age-dependent differences in human patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32698441/ doi: 10.3390/v12070779 id: cord-342160-snfm62js author: Panait, Luciana Cătălina title: First report of Cytauxzoon sp. infection in Germany: organism description and molecular confirmation in a domestic cat date: 2020-07-17 words: 3555 sentences: 255 pages: flesch: 54 cache: ./cache/cord-342160-snfm62js.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342160-snfm62js.txt summary: Cytauxzoonosis is described as an emerging tick-borne disease of domestic and wild felids caused by protozoans of the genus Cytauxzoon. infection in a domestic cat in Germany, these findings suggest that cytauxzoonosis should be considered as a differential diagnosis in cases of anaemia in outdoor domestic cats, particularly in areas where wild felid populations are present. In Europe, an unnamed species of Cytauxzoon was reported not only in domestic cats from Spain (Criado-Fornelio et al. The cat patient in the current report was also diagnosed with a FIV infection, being presented in a critical condition a few days following clinical examination due to suspected kidney disease. infection in domestic cats in Central Europe and describes the clinical and laboratory findings in association with FIV infection. Results advocate that cytauxzoonosis should be considered as a differential diagnosis in cases of anaemia in domestic cats with an outdoor lifestyle, particularly in areas where populations of wild felids are present. abstract: Cytauxzoonosis is described as an emerging tick-borne disease of domestic and wild felids caused by protozoans of the genus Cytauxzoon. While in the Americas the condition is described as a fatal disease, in Europe, reports on the clinical expression of the infection are scarce. This study describes the first case of Cytauxzoon sp. infection in Germany, in a domestic cat. A 6-year-old male domestic cat living in Saarlouis (Saarland) was presented with anorexia, lethargy and weight loss. The cat had an outdoor lifestyle and had not travelled abroad. Serum clinical chemistry analysis revealed azotaemia with markedly increased symmetric dimethylarginine, hypercreatinemia, hyperphosphatemia and hypoalbuminemia. Moreover, a mild non-regenerative anaemia was present. Approximately 1 year prior to these findings, the domestic cat was diagnosed with a feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection. These results pointed toward a decreased glomerular filtration rate, presumably as a result of kidney dysfunction. Round to oval signet ring–shaped intraerythrocytic organisms, morphologically suggestive for a piroplasm, were revealed during blood smear evaluation with a degree of parasitaemia of 33.0%. PCR analyses and sequencing of a region of the 18S rRNA gene confirmed the presence of a Cytauxzoon sp. infection, with 99–100% nucleotide sequence identity with previously published Cytauxzoon sp. isolates. As this is the first molecularly confirmed Cytauxzoon sp. infection in a domestic cat in Germany, these findings suggest that cytauxzoonosis should be considered as a differential diagnosis in cases of anaemia in outdoor domestic cats, particularly in areas where wild felid populations are present. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32677003/ doi: 10.1007/s00436-020-06811-3 id: cord-348495-pa6iqc83 author: Perrotta, D. title: Behaviors and attitudes in response to the COVID-19 pandemic: Insights from a cross-national Facebook survey date: 2020-05-15 words: 7494 sentences: 312 pages: flesch: 50 cache: ./cache/cord-348495-pa6iqc83.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348495-pa6iqc83.txt summary: Our goal in this paper is to provide insights into the relation between participants'' demographic characteristics and (i) the threat they perceive COVID-19 to pose to various levels of society, (ii) the confidence they have in the preparedness of different national and international organizations to handle the current crisis, and (iii) the behavioral measures (preventive measures and social distancing measures) they have taken to protect themselves from the coronavirus. The questionnaire consists of four topical sections: (i) socio-demographic indicators (age, sex, country of birth, country of residence, level of education, household size and composition); (ii) health indicators (underlying medical conditions, flu vaccination status, pregnancy, symptoms experienced in the previous seven days); (iii) opinions and behaviors (perceived threat from COVID-19, level of trust in institutions, level of confidence in sources of information, preventive measures taken, disruptions to daily routine); (iv) social contact data, i.e. the number of interactions that respondents had the day before participating in the survey in different settings (at home, at school, at work, or in other locations). abstract: In the absence of medical treatment and vaccination, the mitigation and containment of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic relies on behavioral changes. Timely data on attitudes and behaviors are thus necessary to develop optimal intervention strategies and to assess the consequences of the pandemic for different demographic groups. We developed a rapid response monitoring system via a continuously run online survey (the "COVID-19 Health Behavior Survey") across eight countries (Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom, the United States). The survey was specifically designed to collect key information on people's health status, behaviors, close social contacts, and attitudes in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. We developed an innovative approach to recruit participants via targeted Facebook advertisement campaigns in order to generate balanced samples for post-stratification. In this paper, we present results for the period from March 13-April 19, 2020. We estimate important differences by sex: women show a substantially higher perception of threat along with a lower level of confidence in the health system. This is paralleled by sex-specific behaviors, with women more likely to adopt a wide range of preventive behaviors. We thus expect behavior to serve as a protective factor for women. Our findings also show a higher level of awareness and concern among older respondents, in line with the evidence that the elderly are at highest risk of severe complications following infection from COVID-19. While across all the samples respondents were less concerned for themselves than for their country or for the world, we also observed substantial temporal and spatial heterogeneity in terms of confidence in institutions and responses to non-pharmaceutical interventions. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.09.20096388 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.09.20096388 id: cord-259562-e1htl489 author: Petzold, Moritz Bruno title: Risk, resilience, psychological distress, and anxiety at the beginning of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Germany date: 2020-07-07 words: 3501 sentences: 191 pages: flesch: 51 cache: ./cache/cord-259562-e1htl489.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259562-e1htl489.txt summary: An online survey in the general population in China showed that more than half of the participants rated the psychological impact of the events as moderate-to-severe and 16.5% reported depressive and 28.8% anxiety symptoms of moderate-to-severe intensity during the initial stage of the pandemic. Another study from China showed a lower prevalence of symptoms of psychological distress in Chinese workforce during the COVID-19 outbreak Tan, Hao, et al., 2020) , and particularly, individuals with preexisting (mental) health issues seem to suffer from psychological strain in the context of the pandemic . Hence, the aim of the present study was to assess psychological distress, anxiety, and depression with regard to the COVID-19 pandemic and to analyze possible risk and protective factors. Our study represents the first study that assesses psychological distress, anxiety, and depression as well as risk and protective factors in the current COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. abstract: BACKGROUND: The current COVID‐19 pandemic comes with multiple psychological stressors due to health‐related, social, economic, and individual consequences and may cause psychological distress. The aim of this study was to screen the population in Germany for negative impact on mental health in the current COVID‐19 pandemic and to analyze possible risk and protective factors. METHODS: A total of 6,509 people took part in an online survey in Germany from 27 March to 6 April. The questionnaire included demographic information and ascertained psychological distress, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and risk and protective factors. RESULTS: In our sample, over 50% expressed suffering from anxiety and psychological distress regarding the COVID‐19 pandemic. Participants spent several hours per day thinking about COVID‐19 (M = 4.45). Psychological and social determinants showed stronger associations with anxiety regarding COVID‐19 than experiences with the disease. CONCLUSIONS: The current COVID‐19 pandemic does cause psychological distress, anxiety, and depression for large proportions of the general population. Strategies such as maintaining a healthy lifestyle and social contacts, acceptance of anxiety and negative emotions, fostering self‐efficacy, and information on where to get medical treatment if needed, seem of help, while substance abuse and suppression of anxiety and negative emotions seem to be associated with more psychological burden. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32633464/ doi: 10.1002/brb3.1745 id: cord-318900-dovu6kha author: Pitschel, T. title: SARS-Cov-2 proliferation: an analytical aggregate-level model date: 2020-08-22 words: 3841 sentences: 215 pages: flesch: 53 cache: ./cache/cord-318900-dovu6kha.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318900-dovu6kha.txt summary: An intuitive mathematical model describing the virus proliferation is presented and its parameters estimated from time series of observed reported CoViD-19 cases in Germany. Approximating the model evolution as continuous process even at small time intervals 1 Caution in the usage of numbers from pure incidence analysis is required: As consequence of the way the raw data is obtained in [HLWea20] , only infectiousness around the moment of symptom onset is in fact fully observed. Therefore, at the present state of this text, such estimation can only serve to determine reasonable bounds on the parameters of the model, rather than to give a reliable forecast of expect number of eventual infections. In this study a novel model for virus proliferation dynamics was developed and with it the SARS-Cov-2 outbreak in Germany retraced on an aggregate level, using CoViD-19 case count data by the Robert-Koch Institute in Berlin. abstract: An intuitive mathematical model describing the virus proliferation is presented and its parameters estimated from time series of observed reported CoViD-19 cases in Germany. The model replicates the main essential characteristics of the proliferation in a stylized form, and thus can support the systematic reasoning about interventional measures (or their lifting) that were discussed during summer and which currently become relevant again in some countries. The model differs in form from elementary SIR models, but is contained in the general Kermack-McKendrick (1927) model. It is maintained that (compared to elementary SIR models) the model is more faithfully representing real proliferation at the instantaneous level, leading to overall more plausible association of model parameters to physical transmission and recovery parameters. The main policy- oriented results are that (1) mitigation measures imposed in March 2020 in Germany were absolutely necessary to avoid health care resource exhaustion, (2) fast response is key to containment in case of renewed outbreaks. A model generalization aiming to better represent the true infectiousness profile is stated. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.20.20178301 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.20.20178301 id: cord-028201-x57bhyhr author: Platz, Thomas title: German hospital capacities for prolonged mechanical ventilator weaning in neurorehabilitation – results of a representative survey date: 2020-07-01 words: 1558 sentences: 87 pages: flesch: 41 cache: ./cache/cord-028201-x57bhyhr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-028201-x57bhyhr.txt summary: A brief survey among members of the German Neurorehabilitation Society aimed to document the hospital capacities ("beds") for prolonged weaning from a mechanical ventilator for patients with neuro-disabilities that require simultaneous multi-professional neurorehabilitation treatment. Both the broad variation of number of "beds" for prolonged weaning per unit and their unequal geographical distribution across federal states (per capita rate) warrant a more refined follow-up survey that will provide insights into reasons for the observed pattern of variation for these specialized hospital capacities. The German Neurorehabilitation Society (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Neurorehabilitation, DGNR e.V.) conducted a survey among its members to document hospital capacities ("beds") for prolonged weaning for patients with neuro-disabilities that require simultaneous multiprofessional neurorehabilitation treatment ("neuro-weaning beds"). This representative survey indicated substantial hospital capacities for combined prolonged weaning and neurorehabilitation with a total of 1094 "neuro-weaning beds" in Germany. The survey generated a crude estimate of hospital capacities ("beds") for prolonged weaning from a mechanical ventilator for patients with neuro-disabilities that require simultaneous multi-professional neurorehabilitation treatment. abstract: A brief survey among members of the German Neurorehabilitation Society aimed to document the hospital capacities (“beds”) for prolonged weaning from a mechanical ventilator for patients with neuro-disabilities that require simultaneous multi-professional neurorehabilitation treatment. Sixty-eight institutions declared to have capacities with a broad distribution across Germany and its federal states. Overall, 1094 “beds” for prolonged weaning (and neurorehabilitation) were reported, 871 together with further information regarding their identification and hence regional location. These units had on average 16.1 beds for prolonged weaning (95% confidence interval 12.6 to 19.6) with a range from 2 to 68 beds per organization. The data indicate substantial capacities for the combined prolonged weaning and neurorehabilitation treatment in Germany. For most “beds” included in this analysis a basic validation was possible. While a reasonable coverage of these specialized service capacities by the survey is likely, the number reported could still be biased by underreporting by non-response. Both the broad variation of number of “beds” for prolonged weaning per unit and their unequal geographical distribution across federal states (per capita rate) warrant a more refined follow-up survey that will provide insights into reasons for the observed pattern of variation for these specialized hospital capacities. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7326531/ doi: 10.1186/s42466-020-00065-1 id: cord-287548-3wv9xcxh author: Plümper, Thomas title: The Pandemic Predominantly Hits Poor Neighbourhoods? SARS-CoV-2 Infections and Covid-19 Fatalities in German Districts date: 2020-08-20 words: 3076 sentences: 176 pages: flesch: 56 cache: ./cache/cord-287548-3wv9xcxh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287548-3wv9xcxh.txt summary: In fact, we find that in the second phase of the pandemic, poorer and more socially deprived districts start to have higher than average Covid-19 mortality rates. In phase 2 and controlling for path dependency, the population of poorer and more socially deprived districts is at least equally likely to get infected, but the probability to die from Covid-19 is statistically significantly higher. • In Germany, the virus mainly entered via tourists returning from ski holidays in the Alps and accordingly wealthier districts initially recorded higher and more socially deprived districts recorded lower Covid-19 infection rates during the first phase of the pandemic in which the virus could spread largely unhampered by social distancing measures. • Controlling for the path dependency of infections, wealthier districts now record lower and more socially deprived districts record higher Covid-19 mortality rates during the second phase of the pandemic in which lockdown was in place. abstract: BACKGROUND: Reports from the UK and the USA suggest that COVID-19 predominantly affects poorer neighbourhoods. This article paints a more complex picture by distinguishing between a first and second phase of the pandemic. The initial spread of infections and its correlation with socio-economic factors depends on how the virus first entered a country. The second phase of the pandemic begins when individuals start taking precautionary measures and governments implement lockdowns. In this phase the spread of the virus depends on the ability of individuals to socially distance themselves, which is to some extent socially stratified. METHODS: We analyse the geographical distribution of known cumulative cases and fatalities per capita in an ecological analysis across local districts in Germany distinguishing between the first and the second phase of the pandemic. RESULTS: In Germany, the virus first entered via individuals returning from skiing in the Alps and other international travel. In this first phase we find a positive association between the wealth of a district and infection rates and a negative association with indicators of social deprivation. During the second phase and controlling for path dependency, districts with a higher share of university-educated employees record fewer new infections and deaths and richer districts record fewer deaths, districts with a higher unemployment rate record more deaths. CONCLUSION: The social stratification of Covid-19 changes substantively across the two phases of the pandemic in Germany. Only in the second phase and controlling for temporal dependence does Covid-19 predominantly hit poorer districts. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckaa168 doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa168 id: cord-254148-wc762p6v author: Prell, Tino title: Recommendations for Standards of Network Care for Patients with Parkinson’s Disease in Germany date: 2020-05-13 words: 5349 sentences: 267 pages: flesch: 41 cache: ./cache/cord-254148-wc762p6v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254148-wc762p6v.txt summary: title: Recommendations for Standards of Network Care for Patients with Parkinson''s Disease in Germany Thus, one recommendation for standard of care in the initial phase of the disease course is physician awareness of the first signs of PD (which could be achieved with better information and secondary prevention standards in the network) and early referral of patients to a movement disorder specialist (which could be achieved by specific disease management programmes). For these patients, at the border between inpatient and outpatient care and the need for sophisticated treatment strategies, the new comprehensive, individual, and interdisciplinary concept of a PD day clinic has proven to be effective [25] . In general, a neurologist should be responsible for long-term medical care of patients with PD, and movement disorder specialists should be involved when there is a special issue. abstract: Although our understanding of Parkinson’s disease (PD) has improved and effective treatments are available, caring for people with PD remains a challenge. The large heterogeneity in terms of motor symptoms, nonmotor symptoms, and disease progression makes tailored individual therapy and individual timing of treatment necessary. On the other hand, only limited resources are available for a growing number of patients, and the high quality of treatment cannot be guaranteed across the board. At this point, networks can help to make better use of resources and improve care. The working group PD Networks and Integrated Care, part of the German Parkinson Society, is entrusted to convene clinicians, therapists, nurses, researchers, and patients to promote the development of PD networks. This article summarizes the work carried out by the working group PD Networks and Integrated Care in the development of standards of network care for patients with PD in Germany. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9051455 doi: 10.3390/jcm9051455 id: cord-351732-wws6ring author: Sarteschi, Christine M. title: Sovereign Citizens: A Narrative Review With Implications of Violence Towards Law Enforcement date: 2020-09-24 words: 5897 sentences: 354 pages: flesch: 60 cache: ./cache/cord-351732-wws6ring.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351732-wws6ring.txt summary: The DHS definition is narrower and focuses only on sovereign citizen extremists which they define as "groups or individuals who facilitate or engage in acts of violence directed at public officials, financial institutions, and government facilities in support of their belief that the legitimacy of the U.S. citizenship should be rejected, almost all forms of established government, authority, and institutions are illegitimate and that they are immune from federal, state and local laws" (U.S. Department of Homeland Security, 2014, p. In another instance that could have been deadly for law enforcement, an officer pulled over Sovereign citizen deadly violence against LEOs, has also occurred during the course of an ambush. Exploring the movement''s threat to law enforcement involved a collection of 94 instances in which sovereign citizens did harm police officers, attempted to harm them or threatened to do so. abstract: Extremist movements are growing in the United States. One concerning extremist group is that of sovereign citizens. Sovereign citizens have been labeled by the Federal Bureau of Investigation as a terrorist threat. Relative to other research about extremist groups, limited research exists about the sovereign citizen movement. The purpose of this article is to review all relevant literature concerning this movement, as it pertains to the threat posed to law enforcement, via descriptive research and to identify existing knowledge gaps. Most empirical work, about sovereign citizens, thus far has focused on legal matters, mental health, radicalization, and postdiction of targeted violence. The work presented here serves as a foundation for future research concerning this group. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32994748/ doi: 10.1016/j.avb.2020.101509 id: cord-027027-2vxnmiyj author: Schartau, Patricia title: Male mortality and the German response: lessons from COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-04 words: 2040 sentences: 106 pages: flesch: 58 cache: ./cache/cord-027027-2vxnmiyj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-027027-2vxnmiyj.txt summary: The current COVID‐19 outbreak has raised many questions, amongst them the higher mortality rates in men and the low overall mortality rates in Germany compared to other European countries. Over time this was confirmed by data collected by Global Health 50/50 (May 6th) in countries that had a high COVID-19 caseload; with death rates of 62% men and 38% women in Italy, 58% and 42% (respectively) in Spain, and 80% and 20% (respectively) in Greece. In the next section, we will move to discuss how governmental and public The current COVID-19 outbreak has raised many questions, amongst them the higher mortality rates in men and the low overall mortality rates in Germany compared to other European countries. 5 As it happens, one of the authors (PS) of this article was in the small town of Landsberg for a meeting on the day when Germany''s first COVID-19 case was recorded there: the patient was a male who worked for a company that has two car plants in Wuhan in China. abstract: The current COVID‐19 outbreak has raised many questions, amongst them the higher mortality rates in men and the low overall mortality rates in Germany compared to other European countries. Here the authors explore some of the reasons behind both these phenomena and outline what we can learn from them for the future. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7300644/ doi: 10.1002/tre.752 id: cord-298469-0sny9dit author: Schlickeiser, Reinhard title: A Gaussian model for the time development of the Sars-Cov-2 corona pandemic disease. Predictions for Germany made on March 30, 2020 date: 2020-04-02 words: 2385 sentences: 172 pages: flesch: 66 cache: ./cache/cord-298469-0sny9dit.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298469-0sny9dit.txt summary: For Germany it is predicted that the first wave of the corona pandemic disease reaches its maximum of new infections on April 11th, 2020 +5.4-3.4 days with 90 percent confidence. In these days there is a very high interest in the societal, economical and political world to understand the time evolution of the first wave of infections of the population by the current Sars-Cov-2 (corona) virus. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.31.20048942 doi: medRxiv preprint per day, we assume that its time evolution is given by the Gaussian function The infections are handable by hospitals for all times if at the maximum of the virus evolution 0.01αI 0 , denoting the maximum number of seriously sick persons per day needing access to breathing apparati, is less or equal to I n , i.e. It seems that German hospitals can only ensure the best treatment of all NSSPs at the maximum of first wave if either (1) the number of available breathing apparati can be increased by a factor of 3, corresponding to b = 210 per day. abstract: For Germany it is predicted that the first wave of the corona pandemic disease reaches its maximum of new infections on April 11th, 2020 +5.4-3.4 days with 90 percent confidence. With a delay of about 7 days the maximum demand on breathing machines in hospitals occurs on April 18th, 2020 +5.4-3.4 days. The first pandemic wave ends in Germany end of May 2020. The predictions are based on the assumption of a Gaussian time evolution well justified by the central limit theorem of statistics. The width and the maximum time and thus the duration of this Gaussian distribution are determined from a statistical Ξ2-fit to the observed doubling times before March 28, 2020. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.31.20048942 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.31.20048942 id: cord-226245-p0cyzjwf author: Schneble, Marc title: Nowcasting fatal COVID-19 infections on a regional level in Germany date: 2020-05-15 words: 5163 sentences: 286 pages: flesch: 63 cache: ./cache/cord-226245-p0cyzjwf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-226245-p0cyzjwf.txt summary: Given that death counts generally provide more reliable information on the spread of the disease compared to infection counts, which inevitably depend on testing strategy and capacity, the proposed model and the presented results allow to obtain reliable insight into the current state of the pandemic in Germany. The data are provided by the Robert-Koch-Institute (www.rki.de) and give the cumulative number of deaths in different gender and age groups for each of the 412 administrative districts in Germany together with the date of registration of the infection. In Figure 2 we combine these different components and map the fitted nowcasted death counts related to Covid-19 for the different districts of Germany, cumulating over the last seven days before the day of analysis (here May 14, 2020). Let Y t,r,g denote the number of daily deaths due to COVID-19 in district/region r and age and gender group g with time point (date of registration) t = 0, . abstract: We analyse the temporal and regional structure in mortality rates related to COVID-19 infections. We relate the fatality date of each deceased patient to the corresponding day of registration of the infection, leading to a nowcasting model which allows us to estimate the number of present-day infections that will, at a later date, prove to be fatal. The numbers are broken down to the district level in Germany. Given that death counts generally provide more reliable information on the spread of the disease compared to infection counts, which inevitably depend on testing strategy and capacity, the proposed model and the presented results allow to obtain reliable insight into the current state of the pandemic in Germany. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.07452v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-288721-3bv3aak6 author: Schneider, Annika title: Single organelle analysis to characterize mitochondrial function and crosstalk during viral infection date: 2019-06-11 words: 5604 sentences: 309 pages: flesch: 39 cache: ./cache/cord-288721-3bv3aak6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288721-3bv3aak6.txt summary: Thus, single-organelle and multi-parameter resolution allows to explore altered energy metabolism and antiviral defence by tagged mitochondria selectively in virus-infected cells and will be instrumental to identify viral immune escape and to develop and monitor novel mitochondrial-targeted therapies. When challenged with high concentrations of calcium (100 µM), mitochondria isolated from virus-infected livers are much more fragile shown by time-dependent loss of membrane potential and change of their morphology indicated by decrease in side-scatter (Fig. 2F ). Number of viable mitochondria detected per second by flow-cytometry declined after calcium challenge, consistent with loss of mitochondrial integrity, and did so much faster in samples from virus-infected livers (Fig. 2F ). In order to further evaluate mitochondrial functionality, we challenged mitochondria with Ca 2+ as stress test and performed time kinetic measurements of DilC 1 (5) fluorescence and side-scatter of mito-DsRed + and mito-DsRed − mitochondria isolated from Ad-CMV-mitoRL infected livers. abstract: Mitochondria are key for cellular metabolism and signalling processes during viral infection. We report a methodology to analyse mitochondrial properties at the single-organelle level during viral infection using a recombinant adenovirus coding for a mitochondrial tracer protein for tagging and detection by multispectral flow cytometry. Resolution at the level of tagged individual mitochondria revealed changes in mitochondrial size, membrane potential and displayed a fragile phenotype during viral infection of cells. Thus, single-organelle and multi-parameter resolution allows to explore altered energy metabolism and antiviral defence by tagged mitochondria selectively in virus-infected cells and will be instrumental to identify viral immune escape and to develop and monitor novel mitochondrial-targeted therapies. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31186476/ doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-44922-9 id: cord-257940-12nf27j4 author: Schwendicke, Falk title: Dental service utilization in the very old: an insurance database analysis from northeast Germany date: 2020-09-30 words: 5634 sentences: 275 pages: flesch: 46 cache: ./cache/cord-257940-12nf27j4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257940-12nf27j4.txt summary: In multi-variable analysis, social hardship status (OR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.12-1.16), federal state (Brandenburg 0.85; 0.84–0.87; Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania: 0.80; 0.78–0.82), and age significantly affected utilization (0.95; 0.95–0.95/year), together with a range of co-morbidities according to ICD-10 and DRG. In a previous study and building on claims data, we found a disparate utilization of prosthetic services in the very old, with those aged 85 years or older, those living rural, and those with severe general health conditions utilizing prosthetic services, by large, to a lower degree than younger, urban living and only limitedly sick seniors [7] . In the present study, we used claims data from a large health insurance in northeast Germany to assess dental service utilization in the very old. We hypothesized that the utilization of dental services in the very old was associated with an individual''s age, general health status, place of living, and social status. abstract: OBJECTIVES: We assessed dental service utilization in very old Germans. METHODS: A comprehensive sample of 404,610 very old (≥ 75 years), insured at a large statutory insurer (Allgemeine Ortskrankenkasse Nordost, active in the federal states Berlin, Brandenburg, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania), was followed over 6 years (2012–2017). Our outcome was the utilization of dental services, in total (any utilization) and in five subgroups: (1) examinations and associated assessment or advice, (2) restorations, (3) surgery, (4) prevention, (5) outreach care. Association of utilization with (1) sex, (2) age, (3) region, (4) social hardship status, (5) ICD-10 diagnoses, and (6) German modified diagnosis-related groups (GM-DRGs) was explored. RESULTS: The mean (SD) age of the sample was 81.9 (5.4) years. The utilization of any dental service was 73%; utilization was highest for examinations (68%), followed by prevention (44%), surgery (33%), restorations (32%), and outreach care (13%). Utilization decreased with age for nearly all services except outreach care. Service utilization was significantly higher in Berlin and most cities compared with rural municipalities, and in individuals with common, less severe, and short-term conditions compared with life-threatening and long-term conditions. In multi-variable analysis, social hardship status (OR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.12-1.16), federal state (Brandenburg 0.85; 0.84–0.87; Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania: 0.80; 0.78–0.82), and age significantly affected utilization (0.95; 0.95–0.95/year), together with a range of co-morbidities according to ICD-10 and DRG. CONCLUSIONS: Social, demographic, regional, and general health aspects were associated with the utilization of dental services in very old Germans. Policies to maintain access to services up to high age are needed. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The utilization of dental services in the very old in northeast Germany showed significant disparities within populations. Policies to allow service utilization for sick, economically disadvantaged, rural and very old populations are required. These may include incentives for outreach servicing, treatment-fee increases for specific populations, or referral schemes between general medical practitioners and dentists. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00784-020-03591-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03591-z doi: 10.1007/s00784-020-03591-z id: cord-329900-lq91rb8c author: Seiffert, Moritz title: Temporal trends in the presentation of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular emergencies during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany: an analysis of health insurance claims date: 2020-08-04 words: 3350 sentences: 178 pages: flesch: 41 cache: ./cache/cord-329900-lq91rb8c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329900-lq91rb8c.txt summary: CONCLUSIONS: Admission rates for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular emergencies declined during the pandemic in Germany, while patients'' comorbidities and treatment allocations remained unchanged. n.s. The percentage of patients admitted for cardiovascular or cerebrovascular emergencies, who underwent interventional or open-surgical procedures during the hospital stay, were similar between pre-COVID and COVID periods for STEMI (84.7-86.3%), NSTEMI (58.0-60.5%), acute limb ischemia (81.9-82.8%), aortic rupture (51.5-56.7%), stroke (18.4-19.1%), and TIA (2.1-2.2%) (Fig. 2 and Table 1 ). This analysis of a large dataset of routinely collected health insurance claims demonstrated a marked decrease in hospital admission rates for several cardiovascular and cerebrovascular emergencies during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. In this large-scale retrospective analysis of health insurance claims, we observed a marked decrease of in-hospital admission rates for acute cardiovascular and cerebrovascular emergencies including myocardial infarction, acute limb ischemia, stroke, and transient ischemic attack during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. abstract: AIMS: The first reports of declining hospital admissions for major cardiovascular emergencies during the COVID-19 pandemic attracted public attention. However, systematic evidence on this subject is sparse. We aimed to investigate the rate of emergent hospital admissions, subsequent invasive treatments and comorbidities during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. METHODS AND RESULTS: This was a retrospective analysis of health insurance claims data from the second largest insurance fund in Germany, BARMER. Patients hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction, acute limb ischemia, aortic rupture, stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) between January 1, 2019, and May 31, 2020, were included. Admission rates per 100,000 insured, invasive treatments and comorbidities were compared from January–May 2019 (pre-COVID) to January–May 2020 (COVID). A total of 115,720 hospitalizations were included in the current analysis (51.3% females, mean age 72.9 years). Monthly admission rates declined from 78.6/100,000 insured (pre-COVID) to 70.6/100,000 (COVID). The lowest admission rate was observed in April 2020 (61.6/100,000). Administration rates for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (7.3–6.6), non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (16.8–14.6), acute limb ischemia (5.1–4.6), stroke (35.0–32.5) and TIA (13.7–11.9) decreased from pre-COVID to COVID. Baseline comorbidities and the percentage of these patients treated with interventional or open-surgical procedures remained similar over time across all entities. In-hospital mortality in hospitalizations for stroke increased from pre-COVID to COVID (8.5–9.8%). CONCLUSIONS: Admission rates for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular emergencies declined during the pandemic in Germany, while patients’ comorbidities and treatment allocations remained unchanged. Further investigation is warranted to identify underlying reasons and potential implications on patients’ outcomes. GRAPHIC ABSTRACT: [Image: see text] ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00392-020-01723-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32749558/ doi: 10.1007/s00392-020-01723-9 id: cord-252343-a85wz2hs author: Skoda, Eva-Maria title: Psychological burden of healthcare professionals in Germany during the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic: differences and similarities in the international context date: 2020-08-07 words: 2912 sentences: 156 pages: flesch: 51 cache: ./cache/cord-252343-a85wz2hs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252343-a85wz2hs.txt summary: In total, 2224 HPs (physicians n = 492, nursing staff n = 1511, paramedics n = 221) and 10 639 non-healthcare professionals (nHPs) were assessed including generalized anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-2), current health status (EQ-5D-3L), COVID-19-related fear, subjective level of information regarding COVID-19. RESULTS: HPs showed less generalized anxiety, depression and COVID-19-related fear and higher health status and subjective level of information regarding COVID-19 than the nHPs. Within the HP groups, nursing staff were the most psychologically burdened. In this study, nHPs reported overall higher levels of psychological burden than the HPs, which is particularly pronounced in generalized anxiety and depression scores. In the investigated sample, nursing staff seems to be the most vulnerable group for mental health burden during the COVID-19 pandemic, whereas a high subjective level of information seems to be associated with less psychological burden. abstract: BACKGROUND: Healthcare professionals (HPs) are the key figures to keep up the healthcare system during the COVID-19 pandemic and thus are one of the most vulnerable groups in this. To this point, the extent of this psychological burden, especially in Europe and Germany, remains unclear. This is the first study investigating German HPs after the COVID-19 outbreak. METHODS: We performed an online-based cross-sectional study after the COVID-19 outbreak in Germany (10–31 March 2020). In total, 2224 HPs (physicians n = 492, nursing staff n = 1511, paramedics n = 221) and 10 639 non-healthcare professionals (nHPs) were assessed including generalized anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-2), current health status (EQ-5D-3L), COVID-19-related fear, subjective level of information regarding COVID-19. RESULTS: HPs showed less generalized anxiety, depression and COVID-19-related fear and higher health status and subjective level of information regarding COVID-19 than the nHPs. Within the HP groups, nursing staff were the most psychologically burdened. Subjective levels of information regarding COVID-19 correlated negatively with generalized anxiety levels across all groups. Among HPs, nursing staff showed the highest and paramedics the lowest generalized anxiety levels. CONCLUSIONS: In the context of COVID-19, German HPs seem to be less psychological burdened than nHPs, and also less burdened compared with existing international data. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdaa124 doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa124 id: cord-278508-h145cxlp author: Streng, Andrea title: Continued high incidence of children with severe influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 admitted to paediatric intensive care units in Germany during the first three post-pandemic influenza seasons, 2010/11–2012/13 date: 2015-12-18 words: 4702 sentences: 237 pages: flesch: 41 cache: ./cache/cord-278508-h145cxlp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278508-h145cxlp.txt summary: title: Continued high incidence of children with severe influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 admitted to paediatric intensive care units in Germany during the first three post-pandemic influenza seasons, 2010/11–2012/13 CONCLUSIONS: Active screening showed a continued high incidence of A(H1N1)pdm09-associated PICU admissions in the post-pandemic seasons 1 and 3, and indicated possible underestimation of incidence in previous German studies. Based on cases recorded by a nation-wide paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) reporting system, the pre-pandemic (2005/06-2007/08), pandemic (2009/10) and post-pandemic (2010/ 11) annual incidence of severe influenza cases per 100,000 children below 15 or 17 years of age was estimated as 0.05, 0.8-1.0, and 0.4, respectively [18] [19] [20] . During the first three post-pandemic seasons 2010/11, 2011/12 and 2012/13, active screening of children with acute respiratory infection admitted to 24 paediatric intensive care units in Bavaria identified a total of 51 PCR-confirmed influenza cases, resulting in annual incidence estimates of 1.7, 0.7, and 1.8 influenza-associated PICU admissions per 100,000 children, respectively. abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous influenza surveillance at paediatric intensive care units (PICUs) in Germany indicated increased incidence of PICU admissions for the pandemic influenza subtype A(H1N1)pdm09. We investigated incidence and clinical characteristics of influenza in children admitted to PICUs during the first three post-pandemic influenza seasons, using active screening. METHODS: We conducted a prospective surveillance study in 24 PICUs in Bavaria (Germany) from October 2010 to September 2013. Influenza cases among children between 1 month and 16 years of age admitted to these PICUs with acute respiratory infection were confirmed by PCR analysis of respiratory secretions. RESULTS: A total of 24/7/20 influenza-associated PICU admissions were recorded in the post-pandemic seasons 1/2/3; incidence estimates per 100,000 children were 1.72/0.76/1.80, respectively. Of all 51 patients, 80 % had influenza A, including 65 % with A(H1N1)pdm09. Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was almost absent in season 2 (incidence 0.11), but dominated PICU admissions in seasons 1 (incidence 1.35) and 3 (incidence 1.17). Clinical data was available for 47 influenza patients; median age was 4.8 years (IQR 1.6–11.0). The most frequent diagnoses were influenza-associated pneumonia (62 %), bronchitis/bronchiolitis (32 %), secondary bacterial pneumonia (26 %), and ARDS (21 %). Thirty-six patients (77 %) had underlying medical conditions. Median duration of PICU stay was 3 days (IQR 1–11). Forty-seven per cent of patients received mechanical ventilation, and one patient (2 %) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; 19 % were treated with oseltamivir. Five children (11 %) had pulmonary sequelae. Five children (11 %) died; all had underlying chronic conditions and were infected with A(H1N1)pdm09. In season 3, patients with A(H1N1)pdm09 were younger than in season 1 (p = 0.020), were diagnosed more often with bronchitis/bronchiolitis (p = 0.004), and were admitted to a PICU later after the onset of influenza symptoms (p = 0.041). CONCLUSIONS: Active screening showed a continued high incidence of A(H1N1)pdm09-associated PICU admissions in the post-pandemic seasons 1 and 3, and indicated possible underestimation of incidence in previous German studies. The age shift of severe A(H1N1)pdm09 towards younger children may be explained by increasing immunity in the older paediatric population. The high proportion of patients with underlying chronic conditions indicates the importance of consistent implementation of the current influenza vaccination recommendations for risk groups in Germany. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-015-1293-1 doi: 10.1186/s12879-015-1293-1 id: cord-331421-rioeke67 author: Valentowitsch, Johann title: Flattening the COVID-19 Curve: The Impact of Contact Restrictions on the Infection Curve in Germany date: 2020-07-22 words: 1454 sentences: 75 pages: flesch: 56 cache: ./cache/cord-331421-rioeke67.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331421-rioeke67.txt summary: Although Germany is coping well with the coronavirus crisis, many voices are currently being raised that fundamentally question the success of the contact restriction strategy to contain the virus. According to estimates by the Robert Koch Institute, the effective basic reproductive number dropped below the critical mark just a few weeks after the outbreak of the disease [6] . In this study, I look at the daily infection rate in Germany and, based on a set of plausible basic reproduction numbers, estimate how the infection rate would have developed had the social lockdown not occurred. For the calibration of the estimate I use the number of cases documented by the Robert Koch Institute, an independent German fe-deral authority for infectious diseases and non-communicable diseases. Germany is currently well positioned in the coronavirus crisis, which can be attributed not least to the effect of the official contact restriction measures. abstract: Although Germany is coping well with the coronavirus crisis, many voices are currently being raised that fundamentally question the success of the contact restriction strategy to contain the virus. I show in this study that there is no justification for such criticism. In fact, contact restrictions have flattened the infection curve and were possibly decisive for the good German performance in the crisis. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32698209/ doi: 10.1055/a-1194-4967 id: cord-337037-xpj17vn4 author: Weigel, Ralf title: Global child health in Germany - Time for action date: 2020-10-09 words: 2545 sentences: 123 pages: flesch: 46 cache: ./cache/cord-337037-xpj17vn4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337037-xpj17vn4.txt summary: Universities in the UK and other European countries provide leadership in research and education for global child health to inform related policy and practice, but the German contribution is inadequate. Although this lack of representation is not necessarily a sign of a lack of participation in the international scientific debate, the few opportunities German researchers have to engage in global child health research and education at universities suggest that this is, in fact, the case. Many opportunities exist for paediatricians and other health workers caring for children to engage with the realities of global child health in research and education. The German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) has helped to establish 28 cooperations between universities in Germany and low-and middle-income countries with its ''Partnership for Health Care in Developing Countries'' programme [28] , some addressing maternal and child health. abstract: Child health is central to the SDG agenda. Universities in the UK and other European countries provide leadership in research and education for global child health to inform related policy and practice, but the German contribution is inadequate. German paediatricians and other child health professionals could make more substantial contributions to the debate at home and internationally, but lack opportunities for scholarship and research. We argue, that there is a momentum to advance global child health in academia and call on German universities to realise this potential. url: https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2020.1829401 doi: 10.1080/16549716.2020.1829401 id: cord-318766-vx0dnnxh author: Wendt, Ralph title: Comprehensive investigation of an in-hospital transmission cluster of a symptomatic SARS-CoV-2–positive physician among patients and healthcare workers in Germany date: 2020-06-03 words: 1553 sentences: 91 pages: flesch: 50 cache: ./cache/cord-318766-vx0dnnxh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318766-vx0dnnxh.txt summary: title: Comprehensive investigation of an in-hospital transmission cluster of a symptomatic SARS-CoV-2–positive physician among patients and healthcare workers in Germany We investigated potential transmissions of a symptomatic SARS-CoV-2–positive physician in a tertiary-care hospital who worked for 15 cumulative hours without wearing a face mask. We tested all 254 potential contacts of the symptomatic SARS-CoV-2-positive index physician, including 67 patients, and 187 nurses and doctors, technical and medical assistants, and other healthcare staff, on day 5 after the exposure by specific RT-PCR from nose and throat swabs or pharyngeal lavage, irrespective of reported symptoms. We tested a large number of possible contact persons of a symptomatic SARS-CoV-2-infected physician among HCWs and patients on day 5 after exposure; all were negative. 6 For further analysis and confirmation of our results, we investigated the serum of all high-risk contacts (n = 23) on days 15 or 16 and 22 or 23 for SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies. abstract: We investigated potential transmissions of a symptomatic SARS-CoV-2–positive physician in a tertiary-care hospital who worked for 15 cumulative hours without wearing a face mask. No in-hospital transmissions occurred, despite 254 contacts among patients and healthcare workers. In conclusion, exposed hospital staff continued work, accompanied by close clinical and virologic monitoring. url: https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.268 doi: 10.1017/ice.2020.268 id: cord-004534-jqm1hxps author: nan title: Abstract date: 2009-06-09 words: 139023 sentences: 6450 pages: flesch: 42 cache: ./cache/cord-004534-jqm1hxps.txt txt: ./txt/cord-004534-jqm1hxps.txt summary: HIV-1 to efficiently complete a replication cycle has to integrate its genome into the host cellular DNA.After HIV-1 enters target cells,neosynthesized viral DNA forms along with other proteins the pre-integration complex (PIC).PICs are then transported into the nucleus where integration,catalyzed by the viral integrase,takes place.HIV-1 viral particles engineered to incorporate integrase fused to EGFP have proven effective to study PICs within nuclei of infected cells.In this study we report the live imaging analysis of nuclear PIC dynamics obtained by time-lapse microscopy.Intranuclear trajectories of IN-EGFP-labeled PIC were collected in three dimensions and examined by both mean squared displacement (MSD) and cage diameter (CD) analysis.In CD the maximum distances measured between two positions occupied by a PIC in a time window of 2 minutes were calculated while in our MSD analysis 5-minute long trajectory segments were considered.Remarkably,MSD revealed the presence of an underlying active transport mechanism.To test the possible role of actin filaments,PIC nuclear trafficking was analyzed in cells treated with latrunculin B (actin polymerization inhibitor).Preliminary results suggest that the disruption of actin function impairs the active nuclear movement of PICs. Second harmonic generation microscopy reveals sarcomere contractile dynamics of cardiomyocytes N. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7079852/ doi: 10.1007/s00249-009-0478-1 id: cord-004584-bcw90f5b author: nan title: Abstracts: 8th EBSA European Biophysics Congress, August 23rd–27th 2011, Budapest, Hungary date: 2011-08-06 words: 106850 sentences: 5038 pages: flesch: 41 cache: ./cache/cord-004584-bcw90f5b.txt txt: ./txt/cord-004584-bcw90f5b.txt summary: Our goals are two-fold: (1) to monitor conformational changes in each domain upon its binding to specific ligands and then to correlate the observed changes with structural differences between the CRDs and (2) to investigate the interaction between the CRDs and lipid model membranes. Cholesterol-assisted lipid and protein interactions such as the integration into lipid nanodomains are considered to play a functional part in a whole range of membrane-associated processes, but their direct and non-invasive observation in living cells is impeded by the resolution limit of [200nm of a conventional far-field optical microscope. Therefore, to investigate the dynamic and complex membrane lateral organization in living cells, we have developed an original approach based on molecule diffusion measurements performed by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy at different spatial scales (spot variable FCS, svFCS) (1). abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7080017/ doi: 10.1007/s00249-011-0734-z id: cord-004894-75w35fkd author: nan title: Abstract date: 2006-06-14 words: 92116 sentences: 6264 pages: flesch: 51 cache: ./cache/cord-004894-75w35fkd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-004894-75w35fkd.txt summary: The unadjusted median (25-75% percentile) sperm concentration in the non-exposed group (n = 90) is 49 (23-86) mill/ml compared to 33 (12-63) mill/ml among men exposed to >19 cigarettes per day in fetal life (n = 26 Aim: To estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity, and their effects in physical activity (PA) levels of Portuguese children and adolescents aged 10-18 years. Objectives: a) To estimate the sex-and age-adjusted annual rate of tuberculosis infection (ARTI) (per 100 person-years [%py]) among the HCWs, as indicated by tuberculin skin test conversion (TST) conversion, b) to identify occupational factors associated with significant variations in the ARTI, c) to investigate the efficacy of the regional preventive guidelines. Objectives: We assessed the total burden of adverse events (AE), and determined treatment-related risk factors for the development of various AEs. Methods: The study cohort included 1362 5-year survivors, treated in the Emma Childrens Hospital AMC in the Netherlands between 1966-1996. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7087564/ doi: 10.1007/s10654-006-9021-1 id: cord-005147-mvoq9vln author: nan title: Autorenregister date: 2017-02-23 words: 86573 sentences: 4356 pages: flesch: 45 cache: ./cache/cord-005147-mvoq9vln.txt txt: ./txt/cord-005147-mvoq9vln.txt summary: Using whole-exome sequencing and trio-based de novo analysis, we identified a novel heterozygous de novo frameshift variant in the leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR) gene causing instability of the mRNA in a patient presenting with bilateral CAKUT and requiring kidney transplantation at one year of age. Loss of cdkl5 associated with deficient mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling in mice and human cells We and other groups have shown that mutations in the X-linked cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) gene cause a severe neurodevelopmental disorder with clinical features including intellectual disability, early-onset intractable seizures and autism, that are closely related to those present in Rett syndrome (RTT) patients. Functional characterization of novel GNB1 mutations as a rare cause of global developmental delay Over the past years, prioritization strategies that combined the molecular predictors of sequence variants from exomes and genomes of patients with rare Mendelian disorders with computer-readable phenotype information became a highly effective method for detecting disease-causing mutations. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7088617/ doi: 10.1007/s11825-017-0126-6 id: cord-006229-7yoilsho author: nan title: Abstracts of the 82(nd) Annual Meeting of the German Society for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (DGPT) and the 18(th) Annual Meeting of the Network Clinical Pharmacology Germany (VKliPha) in cooperation with the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Angewandte Humanpharmakologie e.V. (AGAH) date: 2016-02-06 words: 133493 sentences: 6804 pages: flesch: 42 cache: ./cache/cord-006229-7yoilsho.txt txt: ./txt/cord-006229-7yoilsho.txt summary: It directly activates Protein Kinase A (PKA) or the Exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac) which is a guanine exchange factor (GEF) for the small monomeric GTPase Rap. As Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) express both cAMP effectors (Epac1 and PKA), we investigated the role of cAMP-signaling using a spheroid based sprouting assay as an in vitro model for angiogenesis. After activation, S1P receptors regulate important processes in the progression of renal diseases, such as mesangial cell migration Methods and Results: Here we demonstrate that dexamethasone treatment lowered S1P 1 mRNA and protein expression levels in rat mesangial cells measured by TaqMan® and Western blot analyses. The aim of this study was to investigate the relevance of IGFBP5 in cardiogenesis and cardiac remodeling and its role as a potential target for ameliorating stress-induced cardiac remodeling Methods and Results: We investigated the expression of Igfbp5 in murine cardiac tissue at different developmental stages by qPCR normalized to Tpt1 (Tumor Protein, Translationally-Controlled 1). abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7100641/ doi: 10.1007/s00210-016-1213-y id: cord-006230-xta38e7j author: nan title: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie e.V. date: 2012-02-22 words: 135419 sentences: 7042 pages: flesch: 43 cache: ./cache/cord-006230-xta38e7j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-006230-xta38e7j.txt summary: Here, we will present our analysis of Ca 2+ signaling following stimulation of the FcεRI receptor and application of secretagogues that are supposed to affect Ca 2+ -dependent mast cell activation such as adenosine, endothelin-1, substance P and compound 48/80 in BMMCs and PMCs derived from mouse lines with inactivation of TRPC1, TRPC3, TRPC4, TRPC5 or TRPC6 since specific antagonists are still lacking for these TRP channels. These data indicate that increased PP2A activity is associated with modified gene expression in TG hearts possibly affecting stress response and regulation of cell signalling. As demonstrated by qPCR and Western blot experiments, mesangial cells showed a marked time-and dose-dependent upregulation of CSE mRNA and protein levels after treatment with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB). The transcription factor cAMP response element (CRE)-binding protein (CREB) plays a critical role in regulating gene expression in response to activation of the cAMPdependent signaling pathway, which is implicated in the pathophysiology of heart failure. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7100643/ doi: 10.1007/s00210-012-0736-0 id: cord-006860-a3b8hyyr author: nan title: 40th Annual Meeting of the GTH (Gesellschaft für Thrombose- und Hämostaseforschung) date: 1996 words: 90660 sentences: 5152 pages: flesch: 50 cache: ./cache/cord-006860-a3b8hyyr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-006860-a3b8hyyr.txt summary: Dept of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Kiel and Mtinster, Germany Resistance to activated protein C (APCR), in the majority of cases associated with the Arg 506 Gin point mutation in the factor V gene is present in more than 50 % of patients < 60 years of age with unexplained thrombophilia. The regular APC resistance test is not applicable to plasma from Orally anticoagulated (OAC) or heparinized patients due to decreased levels of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors and to thrombin inhibition by antithrombin, respectively. On admission an extensive coagulation screen yielded the following results (n/normal, t/elevated, I/reduced, +/positive, -/negative): PT t, aPTT t, Tr n, factor II, V, VIII n, factor VII, IX, XI, XII /,, fibrinogan t, ATIII n, protein C, S *, activated protein C sensitivity ratio 1.92 ($), FV-Leidenmutation PCR -, fibrinolytic system n, TAT t, Ft÷2 t, lupus anticoagulant +, heparin induced platelet antibodies +; no diagnosis of a specific autoimmuna disorder could be made. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7103196/ doi: 10.1007/bf00641048 id: cord-008777-i2reanan author: nan title: ECB12: 12th European Congess on Biotechnology date: 2005-07-19 words: 151383 sentences: 7577 pages: flesch: 43 cache: ./cache/cord-008777-i2reanan.txt txt: ./txt/cord-008777-i2reanan.txt summary: Mollerup Department of Chemical Engineering, Building 229, DTU, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark A variety of factors that govern the properties of proteins are utilized in the development of chromatographic processes for the recovery of biological products including the binding and release of protons, the non-covalent association with non-polar groups (often hydrophobic interactions), the association of small ions (ion exchange) and the highly specific antigen-antibody interaction (affinity interactions). Such fermenters will be needed in order to meet the increasing pressure on costs for low price commodity type products such as single cell protein or food and technical grade enzymes, and to meet the demands of the new wave of white biotech, in which bio-produced chemicals must be made at prices competitive with those of the traditional chemical industry. The presentation will focus on use of the sensitive sandwich hybridization technology for the quantitative analysis of process relevant marker genes in different kind of microbial cell cultures with a focus on the production of recombinant proteins. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7134330/ doi: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2005.06.005 id: cord-012518-ncrdwtdg author: nan title: Abstractband DOG 2020 date: 2020-08-24 words: 32627 sentences: 2475 pages: flesch: 59 cache: ./cache/cord-012518-ncrdwtdg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-012518-ncrdwtdg.txt summary: The improvement in tear film quality (measured by TBUT) was shown after application of trehalose/hyaluronate tear substitute for one month in both, glaucoma and control group patients with mild to moderate dry eye symptoms. Methods: For 351 eyes (275 patients) who underwent DMEK for Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD), donor ECD decrease as compared to preoperative donor ECD was evaluated up to four years after surgery. The present study included fundus images of 111 individuals with a mean refractive error of -9.3 ± 3.8 diopters (range:-20.8, +1.75) and an axial length of 26.8 ± 1.9 mm (range: 22.55, 30.88) Results: The disc-fovea distance increased significantly with longer axial length, with a relatively flat slope in the non-highly myopic eyes (Disc-Fovea-Distance = 24.3 × Axial Length (mm)+514) and a steeper slope in the highly myopic group (Disc-Fovea-Distance = 58.7 × Axial Length (mm)-460). abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7444158/ doi: 10.1007/s00347-020-01197-0 id: cord-015359-gf32a6f1 author: nan title: B scientific sessions (SS) date: 2002 words: 159591 sentences: 9768 pages: flesch: 51 cache: ./cache/cord-015359-gf32a6f1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-015359-gf32a6f1.txt summary: Methods and materials: 73 consecutive patients, clinically considered to have stage 1B tumour (confined to the cervix), underwent MR imaging studies at 1 T, according to the following protocol: fast spin-echo (FSE) T2-weighted, gadoliniumenhanced SE Tl-weighted, and fat-suppressed gadolinium-enhanced SE Tlweighted sequences. Purpose: To describe the radiological (thin section CT) findings correlated to activity and remission in ANCA associated pulmonary-renal small vessel vasculitis (SVV) Material and methods: We used retrospective analysis of 37 CTs, 27 in disease activity (8 first manifestations, 19 relapses) 10 im remission of 17 patients with pulmorenal syndrome (9 Wegener, 4 microscopic polyangiitis-MPA, 3 Churg-Strauss-syndrome, 1 idiopathic crescentic glomerulonephritis following the Chapel Hill classification) 7 women, 10 men, median 65.5 years (34 -84). Varghese, P.R. Mueller; Boston, MA/US Purpose: We sought to determine the incidence of malignancy and to assess a possible role for image guided biopsy of this category of renal masses Materials & methods: Of the 397 renal biopsies performed at our institution between 1991 and 2000; a total of 28 patients with 28 category III lesions, were identified for analysis. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7103164/ doi: 10.1007/s00330-002-0002-9 id: cord-022888-dnsdg04n author: nan title: Poster Sessions date: 2009-08-19 words: 188640 sentences: 9313 pages: flesch: 45 cache: ./cache/cord-022888-dnsdg04n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-022888-dnsdg04n.txt summary: Methods: Phospho-specific Western blot analyses were performed to verify the functionality of the different IFN-g pathway components, intra-and extracellular flow cytometry experiments were employed to determine the expression of antigen processing components and HLA class I cell surface antigens, quantitative real time-PCR experiments to confirm the absence of JAK2 and presence of pathway relevant molecules as well as, genomic PCR and chromosome typing technique to prove the deletion of JAK2. In order to accomplish these objectives we induced priming or tolerance of ovalbumin (OVA 323-339 peptide)-specific T cells from DO11.10 TCR transgenic mice in vitro or, following adoptive transfer of near physiologically relevant numbers of such cells into recipients, in vivo and correlated functional outcome (via proliferation and cytokine readout assays or antibody production) with E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases expression and the ubiquitination status of the TCR signalling machinery. abstract: No Abtract url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7163517/ doi: 10.1002/eji.200990224 ==== make-pages.sh questions [ERIC WAS HERE] ==== make-pages.sh search /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/make-pages.sh: line 77: /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/tmp/search.htm: No such file or directory Traceback (most recent call last): File "/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/tsv2htm-search.py", line 51, in with open( TEMPLATE, 'r' ) as handle : htm = handle.read() FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/tmp/search.htm' ==== make-pages.sh topic modeling corpus Zipping study carrel