Summary of your 'study carrel' ============================== This is a summary of your Distant Reader 'study carrel'. The Distant Reader harvested & cached your content into a collection/corpus. It then applied sets of natural language processing and text mining against the collection. The results of this process was reduced to a database file -- a 'study carrel'. The study carrel can then be queried, thus bringing light specific characteristics for your collection. These characteristics can help you summarize the collection as well as enumerate things you might want to investigate more closely. This report is a terse narrative report, and when processing is complete you will be linked to a more complete narrative report. Eric Lease Morgan Number of items in the collection; 'How big is my corpus?' ---------------------------------------------------------- 65 Average length of all items measured in words; "More or less, how big is each item?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 24163 Average readability score of all items (0 = difficult; 100 = easy) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 51 Top 50 statistically significant keywords; "What is my collection about?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 65 Germany 12 cell 11 study 11 result 9 patient 8 dna 8 PCR 7 protein 6 RNA 6 COVID-19 5 increase 5 high 5 expression 5 covid-19 5 University 5 Institute 4 mouse 4 model 4 level 4 figure 4 effect 4 SARS 3 method 3 gene 3 fret 3 european 3 different 3 concentration 3 activity 3 March 3 LPS 3 IL-6 3 Health 3 Department 3 ATP 2 western 2 system 2 structure 2 receptor 2 process 2 pheasant 2 membrane 2 lipid 2 interaction 2 influenza 2 human 2 fluorescence 2 factor 2 conclusion 2 change Top 50 lemmatized nouns; "What is discussed?" --------------------------------------------- 10141 cell 5870 % 5294 patient 4596 protein 3981 study 3824 result 3152 effect 2584 method 2435 analysis 2404 level 2343 time 2286 case 2270 disease 2249 expression 2233 datum 2192 gene 2175 model 1957 membrane 1951 activity 1915 system 1866 mouse 1817 group 1743 receptor 1691 response 1683 factor 1623 treatment 1512 concentration 1488 role 1476 risk 1466 conclusion 1440 control 1435 p 1411 infection 1384 function 1378 change 1372 type 1364 process 1355 number 1328 year 1324 rate 1302 activation 1277 interaction 1214 day 1202 production 1200 t 1181 dna 1147 mechanism 1146 age 1135 - 1119 structure Top 50 proper nouns; "What are the names of persons or places?" -------------------------------------------------------------- 1796 Germany 1181 T 915 al 836 CT 756 University 754 . 738 et 715 M. 653 C 623 S. 580 MRI 513 C. 480 A. 457 Institute 453 PCR 447 MR 443 J. 435 mg 420 II 404 P. 377 E. 367 RNA 364 CD8 362 Italy 357 Department 354 CD4 346 ± 341 IFN 329 Purpose 329 COVID-19 312 L. 297 A 296 R. 292 G. 284 SARS 275 der 275 B 265 MS 265 DNA 251 D. 247 F. 244 pH 242 K. 241 US 238 g 238 HLA 233 Background 232 B. 231 TNF 231 T. Top 50 personal pronouns nouns; "To whom are things referred?" ------------------------------------------------------------- 8093 we 2567 it 818 they 739 i 352 them 255 us 124 he 90 itself 63 she 63 one 62 themselves 42 you 12 oneself 11 him 9 me 8 himself 8 ashcs 3 mutationtaster3 3 mg 2 theirs 2 ours 2 interleukin-15 2 igmcic 2 his 2 herself 2 her 2 esat-6 2 e2f2-/-mice 2 crx-527 1 ™ 1 zfpm2 1 z+1 1 ya 1 y-27632 1 wether 1 trpm4 1 sngr 1 s351 1 s 1 rab3b 1 putk2 1 pi3kg 1 pep005 1 p63rhogef 1 osi-027 1 ofvwd 1 myself 1 mtecs 1 mrnas 1 mir371a-3p Top 50 lemmatized verbs; "What do things do?" --------------------------------------------- 50035 be 7045 have 6115 use 3846 show 2219 increase 1937 compare 1913 induce 1825 find 1639 base 1587 perform 1492 investigate 1458 include 1395 identify 1354 do 1353 observe 1269 associate 1252 study 1244 follow 1203 determine 1177 reduce 1172 suggest 1152 obtain 1096 provide 1072 detect 1069 bind 1055 indicate 1046 lead 1038 reveal 1022 develop 958 report 956 demonstrate 939 measure 934 involve 929 evaluate 927 express 916 allow 910 present 901 know 850 result 848 analyze 832 affect 827 assess 824 cause 745 activate 716 contain 713 treat 708 describe 701 mediate 690 relate 684 produce Top 50 lemmatized adjectives and adverbs; "How are things described?" --------------------------------------------------------------------- 3723 not 3419 high 3395 - 2476 different 2391 also 2101 well 1841 more 1774 specific 1752 low 1690 human 1629 other 1579 only 1467 however 1450 as 1447 such 1277 first 1246 non 1171 significant 1118 most 1111 new 1071 clinical 1052 further 1030 significantly 1025 important 1021 molecular 885 single 865 therefore 861 large 851 thus 841 several 805 small 798 dependent 774 present 773 respectively 745 immune 737 early 698 here 691 anti 675 normal 669 very 658 possible 645 functional 635 various 635 positive 632 cellular 630 major 618 inflammatory 616 long 604 available 598 potential Top 50 lemmatized superlative adjectives; "How are things described to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 309 most 235 high 195 least 158 good 119 Most 82 low 66 large 48 strong 22 great 19 late 15 small 15 big 13 bad 6 simple 6 near 6 fast 5 short 5 new 5 common 4 young 4 long 4 early 4 deep 4 close 4 Trpv6 3 slow 3 old 3 -t 2 steep 2 B27 1 −5.4 1 weak 1 stiff 1 slight 1 sharp 1 severe 1 safe 1 poor 1 neurinomas 1 needy 1 n(t 1 mpimg1-t 1 micrometre 1 l’ho 1 hot 1 higl) 1 hexose 1 fit 1 fine 1 dxylulose Top 50 lemmatized superlative adverbs; "How do things do to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 809 most 128 least 43 well 3 highest 1 ® 1 worst 1 poorest 1 lowest 1 long 1 greatest 1 early 1 -spectroscopic Top 50 Internet domains; "What Webbed places are alluded to in this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 47 doi.org 6 orcid.org 4 www.mutationtaster.org 3 creat 2 www.rki.de 2 creativecommons.org 2 ajalilian.shinyapps.io 1 www.xml.org 1 www.who.int 1 www.wcfs.nl 1 www.w3.org 1 www.theguardian.com 1 www.stemcell.com 1 www.spieg 1 www.radlist.uni-erlangen.de 1 www.python.org 1 www.prix-carburants.gouv.fr 1 www.php.net 1 www.pharmacases.de 1 www.mix-for-meta-analysis.info 1 www.mdpi.com 1 www.liv.ac.uk 1 www.health-atlas.de 1 www.has-sante.fr 1 www.gov.uk 1 www.gesetze-im-internet.de 1 www.fbs.osaka-u.ac.jp 1 www.econexus.info 1 www.eadgene.org 1 www.dw.com 1 www.bundesgesund 1 www.avd.de 1 www 1 who.sprinklr.com 1 varbank.ccg.uni-koeln.de 1 u759.curie.u-psud.fr 1 systems.jhu.edu 1 reopen.europa.eu 1 publo 1 publish.aps.org 1 lazar.in-silico.ch 1 inter 1 innovationsfonds.g-ba.de 1 i-pie.org 1 higiene.med.up.pt 1 hadvwg.gmu.edu 1 github.com 1 gi 1 en.wikipedia.org 1 en-author-services.edanzgroup.com Top 50 URLs; "What is hyperlinked from this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------- 14 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.04.20120725 11 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.14.20064790 6 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.28.20115980 4 http://www.mutationtaster.org 4 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.09.20096388 3 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.31.20048942 3 http://creat 2 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.20.20178301 2 http://doi.org/10 2 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 2 http://ajalilian.shinyapps.io/shinyapp/ 1 http://www.xml.org 1 http://www.who.int/ 1 http://www.wcfs.nl/ 1 http://www.w3.org/TR/SOAP 1 http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2019/sep/25/ 1 http://www.stemcell.com/ 1 http://www.spieg 1 http://www.rki.de/DE/Content/InfAZ/N/Neuartiges_Coronavirus/Fallzahlen.html 1 http://www.rki.de/DE/Content/InfAZ/N/Neuartiges 1 http://www.radlist.uni-erlangen.de/ 1 http://www.python.org 1 http://www.prix-carburants.gouv.fr/rubrique/opendata/ 1 http://www.php.net 1 http://www.pharmacases.de 1 http://www.mix-for-meta-analysis.info 1 http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/10/2393/s1 1 http://www.liv.ac.uk/mariarc/mri3dX 1 http://www.health-atlas.de/models/28 1 http://www.has-sante.fr/portail/upload/docs/application/pdf/ 1 http://www.gov.uk/government/publications/renewable-energy-planning-databasemonthly-extract 1 http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/schhalthygv/ 1 http://www.fbs.osaka-u.ac.jp/labs/yanagida/ 1 http://www.econexus.info/ 1 http://www.eadgene.org/ 1 http://www.dw.com/en/environmental-groups-hit-backas-german-coal-companies-try-to-sue-eu/a-42801965 1 http://www.bundesgesund 1 http://www.avd.de/kraftstoff/staatlicher-anteil-an-den-krafstoffkosten/ 1 http://www 1 http://who.sprinklr.com/ 1 http://varbank.ccg.uni-koeln.de 1 http://u759.curie.u-psud.fr/modelisation/LAH 1 http://systems.jhu.edu/research/public-health/ncov/ 1 http://reopen.europa.eu/en/ 1 http://publo 1 http://publish.aps.org/ 1 http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1415-0678 1 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9202-9278 1 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7801-1434 1 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3789-6205 Top 50 email addresses; "Who are you gonna call?" ------------------------------------------------- 3 ubakir@metu.edu.tr 2 pcalik@metu.edu.tr 2 ozdamar@eng.ankara.edu.tr 2 mnq@biocentrum.dtu.dk 2 esipov@ibch.ru 2 dpetrides@intelligen.com 2 dkilic@yildiz.edu.tr 2 calik@eng.ankara.edu.tr 2 brivas@uvigo.es 2 barslan@eng.ankara.edu.tr 2 achaudhury@umassd.edu 1 zomorodi@nrcgeb.ac.ir 1 ymkoo@inha.ac.kr 1 wonhur@kangwon.ac.kr 1 willem.devos@wur.nl 1 ut@biocentrum.dtu.dk 1 tvede@bmb.sdu.dk 1 tmatsui@comb.u-ryukyu.ac.jp 1 tig@biocentrum.dtu.dk 1 thalmann@ics-cnrs.unistra.fr 1 takasumi@suou.waseda.jp 1 svharten@gmail.com 1 stamou@nano.ku.dk 1 spela.peternel@ki.si 1 sissel.lokra@lnb.hihm.no 1 silas.villas-boas@agresearch.co.nz 1 shindo@arif.pref.akita.jp 1 sh@fsc.chalmers.se 1 schlickeiser@gmail.com 1 schang@tier.org.tw 1 s.sharkh@hzdr.de 1 s.buus@immi.ku.dk 1 rsch@tp4.rub.de 1 roumestand@cbs.cnrs.fr 1 rkj@imtech.res.in 1 riar5400@rediffmail.com 1 rbuxeda@uprm.edu 1 ralf.weigel@uni-wh.de 1 psk@bioneer.dk 1 psatora@ar.krakow.pl 1 popovic@tfh-berlin.de 1 piversen@ciphergen.com 1 pilar.riveragil@physik.uni-marburg.deth 1 peter.neubauer@oulu.fi 1 perera@bio.ucm.es 1 pcristea@dsp.pub.ro 1 paola.branduardi@unimib.it 1 oytun@hacettepe.edu.tr 1 ohki@bio.phys.tohoku.ac.jp 1 och@bioneer.dk Top 50 positive assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-noun?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12 levels were significantly 10 data are available 9 effect was not 9 levels were not 8 cells did not 8 cells is not 7 effect was more 6 activity was not 6 cells are able 6 cells are not 6 cells do not 6 mice did not 6 results are consistent 6 results were also 6 study provides evidence 5 expression is not 5 expression was not 5 patients do not 5 protein is not 4 activity is not 4 cells was also 4 cells were first 4 cells were positive 4 cells were significantly 4 cells were then 4 data are consistent 4 data do not 4 data provide evidence 4 data was available 4 data were available 4 expression was also 4 expression was higher 4 expression was significantly 4 groups did not 4 level was significantly 4 levels were higher 4 patients are still 4 patients had clinical 4 studies are necessary 3 activity was also 3 analyses did not 3 analysis did not 3 cases were more 3 cell is highly 3 cells are critical 3 cells was not 3 cells was significantly 3 cells were able 3 cells were further 3 cells were lower Top 50 negative assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-no|not-noun?" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 analysis revealed no significant 2 cells is not well 2 concentrations had no effect 1 % had no detectable 1 % showed no difference 1 activities are not well 1 activity is not clearly 1 activity is not exclusive 1 activity is not obligatory 1 analyses is not novel 1 analyses revealed no major 1 analysis is not test 1 analysis revealed no differences 1 analysis showed no difference 1 analysis showed no evidence 1 analysis showed no numerical 1 analysis showed no structural 1 analysis were no hepada 1 cases showed no discernible 1 cases was no lesion 1 cases was not as 1 cells are not able 1 cells are not necessary 1 cells are not preponderant 1 cells do no longer 1 cells have not yet 1 cells is not available 1 cells is not comprehensively 1 cells is not due 1 cells is not primarily 1 cells revealed no promoter 1 cells showed no significant 1 cells was not relative 1 cells was not statistically 1 concentrations showed no relationship 1 concentrations showed no significant 1 data has no standard 1 data were not primarily 1 disease is not yet 1 diseases are not well 1 effect is not yet 1 effect was not actually 1 effect was not detectable 1 effect was not necessary 1 effect was not significantly 1 effects are not completely 1 effects were not due 1 expression had no effect 1 expression is not essential 1 expression is not fully A rudimentary bibliography -------------------------- id = cord-345834-l2e5v39s author = Anacleto, M.A. title = Diffusive process under Lifshitz scaling and pandemic scenarios date = 2020-08-20 keywords = Brazil; COVID-19; Germany summary = Furthermore, we depicted the cumulative cases curves of COVID-19, reproducing the spreading of the pandemic between the cities of São Paulo and São José dos Campos, Brazil. In our investigation, we introduce a new version of the diffusion equation inspired by Horava''s work, and we use it to fit real active cases data of COVID-19 from Germany, Spain and Brazil. We can observe that the black solid curves are in good agreement with the pandemic data, and they predict that the active cases of COVID-19 would be fully controlled in Spain after day 120 (June 11, 2020), where the number of infected people is less than 1000. We can observe that our model successfully reproduces the evolution of the pandemic in theses two cities if we consider z = 50, which is the same value used to fit Spain and Brazil''s active cases curves in the previous section. These models were used to fit real active cases data of COVID-19 from three different countries (Germany, Spain, and Brazil). doi = 10.1016/j.physa.2020.125092 id = cord-253720-s6hwui6n author = Andraz, Jorge M. title = Monitoring tourism flows and destination management: Empirical evidence for Portugal date = 2016-03-26 keywords = Germany; Portugal; tourism summary = We propose the use of a tool recently introduced by Gayer (2010), known as the "economic climate tracer", to analyze and monitor the cyclical evolution of tourism source markets to Portugal. On the contrary, tourism from the Netherlands and the UK, have displayed irregular patterns, which demonstrates the urgency to diversify tourism source markets to reduce the country''s vulnerability to external shocks and economic cycles. These short cycles were observed in tourism from all sources, with the exception of tourism coming from Germany, which exhibited positive and increasing growth rates (Fig. 3a) . We analyze the tourism flows of domestic tourists and tourists coming from the main international source markets -Germany, the Netherlands, Spain and the UK -which together represent on average 75.0% of the total number of overnight stays in the country. doi = 10.1016/j.tourman.2016.03.019 id = cord-331336-4kf2jn8c author = Aravindakshan, A. title = Restarting after COVID-19: A Data-driven Evaluation of Opening Scenarios date = 2020-05-30 keywords = Germany; covid-19 summary = By combining the model with measures of policy contributions on mobility reduction, we forecast scenarios for relaxing various types of NPIs. Our model finds that, in Germany, policies that mandated contact restrictions (e.g., movement in public space limited to two persons or people co-living), initial business closures (e.g., restaurant closures), stay-at-home orders (e.g., prohibition of non-essential trips), non-essential services (e.g., florists, museums) and retail outlet closures led to the sharpest drops in movement within and across states. Nevertheless, to the best of our knowledge, no study quantifies the effects of the types and timings of the implementation and relaxation of government policy interventions in reducing mobility and in turn decreasing the spread of COVID-19. Using data from the 16 states of Germany, we explore the effectiveness of different NPIs ( Figure 3 ) in reducing social mobility, and in turn affecting the spread of the disease. doi = 10.1101/2020.05.28.20115980 id = cord-264526-bxpzo2xu author = Aydin, Malik title = House Dust Mite Exposure Causes Increased Susceptibility of Nasal Epithelial Cells to Adenovirus Infection date = 2020-10-11 keywords = Germany; HDM; cell; figure summary = This ex vivo pilot study shows the impact of AdV infection and HDM exposition in a primary cell culture model for asthma. Although various studies have investigated the molecular roles of some respiratory viruses in allergic pathways [14, 15] , the relationship between AdV infection and HDM sensitization in asthma exacerbation has not been sufficiently analyzed. To analyze AdV infection in the context of HDM sensitization, we utilized primary nasal NAEPCs derived from our pediatric exacerbation study cohort in submerged 2D and organotypic 3D cell culture models. Especially on day 3 after HDM exposure, we observed an enhanced AdV mediated luciferase activity in HDM-provoked NAEPCs from asthmatics, compared to NAEPCs derived from healthy cells ( Figure 6 ). Here, we characterized the effects of HDM exposition on AdV infection in an ex vivo cell culture models of NAEPCs of exacerbated pediatric asthmatics and healthy controls from our pediatric exacerbation study. doi = 10.3390/v12101151 id = cord-256635-zz58w3ro author = Beermann, Sandra title = Public health microbiology in Germany: 20 years of national reference centers and consultant laboratories date = 2015-08-21 keywords = Germany; Health; RKI summary = In 1995, in agreement with the German Federal Ministry of Health, the Robert Koch Institute established a public health microbiology system consisting of national reference centers (NRCs) and consultant laboratories (CLs). As part of this concept, the RKI implemented a weekly epidemiological bulletin, formed the Committee for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, trained epidemiologists for surveillance and outbreak investigation and set up a system of national reference laboratories: national reference centers (NRCs) and consultant laboratories (CLs) (Petersen et al., 2000) . In the next step, the Advisory Board for Public Health Microbiology (formerly called the Committee for Infectious Disease Epidemiology) assesses the proposal and provides the RKI with a recommendation on whether to set up a new laboratory. At the end of each appointment period, an evaluation of the laboratories is performed by the RKI in cooperation with the Advisory Board for Public Health Microbiology, which again consults national and international professional societies and experts. doi = 10.1016/j.ijmm.2015.08.007 id = cord-011794-ejoufvvj author = Binder, Florian title = Isolation and characterization of new Puumala orthohantavirus strains from Germany date = 2020-04-23 keywords = Germany; Osnabrück; PUUV; RNA; V29; cell summary = Additionally, glycoprotein precursor (GPC)-derived virus-like particles of a German PUUV sequence allowed the generation of monoclonal antibodies that allowed the reliable detection of the isolated PUUV strain in the immunofluorescence assay. Finally, the reactivity of the isolates was determined with novel monoclonal antibodies raised against PUUV GPC VLPs. Bank voles were trapped in spring 2019 in the PUUV endemic region around Osnabrück following a standard snap trapping protocol [25, 26] . Dissection on site and inoculation of VeroE6 and bank vole MGN-2-R cells with homogenized lung samples resulted after three blind passages in four potential isolates that were detected by a novel PUUV RT-qPCR (Table S1 , Fig. 1) . Reactivity of novel PUUV GPC-specific monoclonal antibodies with hantavirus-infected VeroE6 cells in immunofluorescence assay (IFA). In conclusion, the PUUV isolate described here replicates in a bank vole cell line and its N and GPC proteins can be detected by specific monoclonal antibodies. doi = 10.1007/s11262-020-01755-3 id = cord-344553-uya1j94u author = Bodova, K. title = Time-adjusted Analysis Shows Weak Associations Between BCG Vaccination Policy and COVID-19 Disease Progression date = 2020-05-06 keywords = BCG; COVID-19; Germany summary = In this study, we ascertain the associations between BCG vaccination policies and progression of COVID-19 through analysis of various time-adjusted indicators either directly extracted from the incidence and death reports, or estimated as parameters of disease progression models. The associations between BCG vaccination policy and COVID-19 disease progression have also been a subject to controversy in data analysis, with some studies claiming significant effects on the number of cases and case fatality rates (Miller et al., 2020; Berg et al., 2020) , while others criticizing weaknesses of those studies and claiming no statistically significant differences (Szigeti et al., 2020; Hensel et al., 2020; Fukui et al., 2020; Singh, 2020) . In this study, we have estimated a variety of indicators characteristic for different stages of COVID-19 epidemics, also adjusting for time since the beginning of the epidemics in each country, and found that several key indicators show weak, but statistically significant, associations with BCG vaccination status. doi = 10.1101/2020.05.01.20087809 id = cord-345024-dtsi9qit author = Brauers, Hanna title = Comparing coal phase-out pathways: The United Kingdom’s and Germany’s diverging transitions date = 2020-10-01 keywords = Geels; Germany; coal; electricity; energy summary = Each workshops focused on a different set of topics, either touching more socio-political (e.g. health concerns, climate and environmental regulation options) or techno-economic (e.g. number of job losses and possible replacements, technical replacement of coal with renewable energies, grid stability, affordability) aspects as well as the response strategies of the coal regime (e.g. modelling phase-out pathways, liability issues). The declining role of coal combined with widely appreciated and available alternatives like local natural gas, nuclear energy, and renewable energy helped to generate public support for climate change policies. Several policies introduced after 2006 constrained coal''s business opportunities long before the final phase-out decision in 2015, especially the CPF, the Renewables Obligation (RO), the Emissions Performance Standard (EPS), as well as more in general the Climate Change Act and the related carbon budgets. doi = 10.1016/j.eist.2020.09.001 id = cord-310775-6d5vi2c5 author = Brinks, Verena title = From Corona Virus to Corona Crisis: The Value of An Analytical and Geographical Understanding of Crisis date = 2020-06-09 keywords = Boin; Germany; TPSN; corona; crisis; place summary = In our observation of the public discourse in Germany, at the beginning of 2020 the government as many others in the Western hemisphere looked at the early epicentre of the pandemic, the Wuhan region in China, ''with a combination of fascination and fear'' but without any sense of urgency or immediate threat until new information about corona infections in Europe emerged (Boin et al. The agenda we suggest here is thus a bit different from previous geographical studies that use the term crisis prominently to signify they are dealing with severe problems within specific empirical fields, like, for instance, the bursting of financial bubbles in mortgage and real estate markets (e.g. Aalbers 2009) or emergency practices in humanitarian aid (e.g. Fredriksen 2014 ). doi = 10.1111/tesg.12428 id = cord-029402-5gun91ep author = Celi, Giuseppe title = A fragile and divided European Union meets Covid-19: further disintegration or ‘Hamiltonian moment’? date = 2020-07-17 keywords = Europe; Germany; european summary = Despite being symmetric in its very nature, the Covid-19 shock is affecting European economies in a very asymmetric way, threatening to deepen the divide between core and peripheral countries even more. Trying to answer these questions, we shall briefly review the institutional and structural causes of the increasing divergence between core and SP, shedding light on three momentous events: the creation of the monetary union, the 2008 financial crisis and the Covid-19 shock. To conclude, the two peripheries-the Southern one, made up of the Mediterranean economies, and the Eastern one, with the prominent role of the Visegrad countries-suffer from different fragilities, which descend from their common, albeit diverse, economic and financial dependence on the core. Special international conditionsnamely, China''s huge growth, which gobbled up German capital goods and highquality durable consumer products (particularly cars), and the vigorous American recovery-supported Germany''s ability to redirect its trade flows, expand its market shares outside the EMU, and make a speedy return to its pre-crisis production levels. doi = 10.1007/s40812-020-00165-8 id = cord-268094-ubz0q7e9 author = Curland, N. title = Investigation into diseases in free-ranging ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) in northwestern Germany during population decline with special reference to infectious pathogens date = 2018-02-06 keywords = Germany; PCR; Phasianus; pheasant summary = title: Investigation into diseases in free-ranging ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) in northwestern Germany during population decline with special reference to infectious pathogens In the present study, carcasses of 258 deceased free-ranging pheasants of different age groups, predominantly adult pheasants, collected over a period of 4 years in the states of Lower Saxony, North Rhine–Westphalia and Schleswig-Holstein, were examined pathomorphologically, parasitologically, virologically and bacteriologically, with a focus set on infectious pathogens. In China, antibodies against infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) were detected in 14 out of 40 samples of free-ranging pheasants (Gu et al. The aim of the present study was to elucidate pathogens in free-ranging pheasants during the current population decline in Northwestern Germany using pathomorphological, virological, microbiological and parasitological investigations. Non-purulent mostly perivascularly accentuated inflammations with different cellular compositions and gradual variable infiltrations of lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages were detected in 68 birds (68.7% of affected pheasants) (Fig. 2) . doi = 10.1007/s10344-018-1173-2 id = cord-279557-hk77e3pp author = Drosten, Christian title = Clinical features and virological analysis of a case of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection date = 2013-06-17 keywords = Germany; MERS; patient; virus summary = BACKGROUND: The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is an emerging virus involved in cases and case clusters of severe acute respiratory infection in the Arabian Peninsula, Tunisia, Morocco, France, Italy, Germany, and the UK. [4] [5] [6] Here, we provide a full description of a fatal case of MERS-CoV infection imported to Munich, Germany, from Abu Dhabi, including a chronological profi le of virus concentrations in diverse body compartments. We subjected all available MERS-CoV genome sequences to phylogenetic analysis, including a correlation and regression analysis of known dates of virus isolation versus tree branch lengths (fi gure 3). Without quantitative laboratory data from well documented cases of MERS-CoV infection, most considerations had been made on the basis of an assumed analogy to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The recorded viral load profi le, with highest RNA concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage and tracheobronchial aspirates, confi rms suggestions made in another report about the preferential use of lower-respiratory-tract samples for virus diagnostic tests. doi = 10.1016/s1473-3099(13)70154-3 id = cord-339735-6964ktxr author = Empl, Michael T. title = The influence of chronic l-carnitine supplementation on the formation of preneoplastic and atherosclerotic lesions in the colon and aorta of male F344 rats date = 2014-08-28 keywords = Germany; carnitine summary = We therefore investigated whether a 1-year administration of different l-carnitine concentrations (0, 1, 2 and 5 g/l) via drinking water leads to an increased incidence of preneoplastic lesions (so-called aberrant crypt foci) in the colon of Fischer 344 rats as well as to the appearance of atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta of these animals. No significant difference between the test groups regarding the formation of lesions in the colon and aorta of the rats was observed, suggesting that, under the given experimental conditions, l-carnitine up to a concentration of 5 g/l in the drinking water does not have adverse effects on the gastrointestinal and vascular system of Fischer 344 rats. Therefore, we investigated whether a chronic administration of different l-carnitine concentrations via drinking water leads to an increased number of aberrant crypt foci (ACF), which are considered preneoplastic lesions associated with colorectal cancer formation (Bird 1995) , in the colon of male Fischer 344 rats. doi = 10.1007/s00204-014-1341-4 id = cord-315064-2mgv9j6n author = Escher, Felicitas title = Detection of viral SARS‐CoV‐2 genomes and histopathological changes in endomyocardial biopsies date = 2020-06-12 keywords = COVID-19; CoV-2; Germany; SARS summary = Accordingly, we prospectively analysed endomyocardial biopsies (EMBs) from a cohort of 104 samples of patients with suspected myocarditis or unexplained heart disease for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA by RT-qPCR and hints for histopathological injury. Up to 8 EMBs each of 104 patients [mean age: 57.90 ± 16.37 years; left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF): 33.7 ± 14.6%, sex: n = 79 male/25 female] with suspected myocarditis or unexplained heart failure were analysed between 3 February and 26 March 2020 in German clinical centres in accordance with SARS-CoV2 spread in Germany. In this study, we established for the first time the evidence of SARS-CoV-2 genome detection in 5 of 104 EMBs of patients with suspected myocarditis or unexplained heart failure. Our finding of SARS-CoV-2 genome detection in EMBs of patients suffering from myocarditis/inflammatory cardiomyopathy cannot rule out or confirm the infection of cardiac cells but revealed incremental insights into organ-specific infection of SARS-CoV-2 using possibly macrophage migration as a shuttle from the lung to the heart. doi = 10.1002/ehf2.12805 id = cord-326223-q6e60nf8 author = Gembardt, Florian title = Organ-specific distribution of ACE2 mRNA and correlating peptidase activity in rodents date = 2005-02-16 keywords = ACE2; Ang-(1; Germany; mouse summary = Biochemical analysis revealed that angiotensin-converting enzyme related carboxy-peptidase (ACE2) cleaves angiotensin (Ang) II to Ang-(1–7), a heptapeptide identified as an endogenous ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor Mas. No data are currently available that systematically describe ACE2 distribution and activity in rodents. Therefore, we analyzed the ACE2 expression in different tissues of mice and rats on mRNA (RNase protection assay) and protein levels (immunohistochemistry, ACE2 activity, western blot). Although ACE2 mRNA in both investigated species showed the highest expression in the ileum, the mouse organ exceeded rat ACE2, as also demonstrated in the kidney and colon. Using a commercial polyclonal antibody in western blot for the quantification of protein levels in mouse and rat tissues (Fig. 4) a pattern completely different from RNA expression and ACE2 activity was found. doi = 10.1016/j.peptides.2005.01.009 id = cord-304930-gf3cptnt author = Hinz, Sebastian title = The Digital Abutment Check: An Improvement of the Fully Digital Workflow date = 2020-10-24 keywords = FPD; Germany; implant summary = In the present case, the preexisting maxillary removable complete denture was converted into a fixed immediate restoration using the fully digital workflow. However, the main challenge for the prosthetic treatment team (dentist, dental technician) in the implementation of a fully digital All-on-X workflow is to transfer the final implant position to the definitive restoration. The final planning included the insertion of four implants in the upper jaw and a fixed, provisional immediate restoration, which should be transferred to a definitive fixed partial denture (FPD) after the healing period of six months. Using a silicone occlusion key (SHERA-DUETT-SOFT, SHERA Werkstoff-Technologie GmbH & Co.KG, Lemförde, Germany), the surgical template was placed in the patient and fixed in its definite position with anchor pins (Guided Anchor Pin, Nobel Biocare AG). In the final treatment session, the provisional FPD was removed and the definitive and veneered FPD was screwed on with 15 Ncm. The fit of the FPD was optimal; the occlusion was checked and optimized with minimal grinding measures. doi = 10.1155/2020/8831862 id = cord-276363-m8di6dpt author = Holm, Majbrit V. title = Influenza vaccination coverage rates in Europe – covering five consecutive seasons (2001–2006) in five countries date = 2008-06-28 keywords = Germany; vaccination summary = Despite this knowledge and ongoing efforts by policy-makers, physicians and other healthcare providers, influenza vaccination rates in the five European countries surveyed remain limited, with the additional effect that manufacturing capacity may be too low for producing a sufficient amount of an appropriate monovalent vaccine when a pandemic occurs. Published literature evaluating vaccination coverage rates in Europe shows that importance placed on influenza vaccination varies greatly between countries. This survey is an ongoing assessment of influenza coverage rates in France, Great Britain, Italy, Spain, and Germany. The impact of chronic illness on the vaccination rate was significantly lower after multivariate adjustment, mainly due to taking into account the effect of age (Germany OR: 2AE3, 95% CI: 2AE0; 2AE6, Italy OR: 5AE0, 95% CI: 4AE2; 6AE0, France OR: 3AE4, 95% CI: 2AE7; 4AE2 and Spain OR: 3AE3, 95% CI: 2AE8; 4AE0). doi = 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2008.00036.x id = cord-344431-2wq7msqz author = Holzinger, Felix title = Self-referred walk-in patients in the emergency department – who and why? Consultation determinants in a multicenter study of respiratory patients in Berlin, Germany date = 2020-09-10 keywords = Berlin; Germany; SRW; patient summary = Determinants of SRW consultation identified by logistic regression were younger age (p < 0.001), tertiary education (p = 0.032), being a first-generation migrant (p = 0.002) or tourist (p = 0.008), having no regular primary care provider (p = 0.036) and no chronic pulmonary illness (p = 0.017). Personal distress and access problems in ambulatory care were stated most frequently as consultation motives in the SRW group; network analysis showed the scarcity of associations between demographic and medical SRW determinants and motives triggering the actual decision to consult. To gain a deeper understanding of ED utilization determinants in a population with an exemplary symptomatology, we aimed to comprehensively explore demographic and medical characteristics as well as consultation motives of self-referred walk-in ED patients presenting with respiratory symptoms. The multicenter mixed methods EMACROSS (Emergency and Acute Care for Respiratory Diseases beyond Sectoral Separation) study investigates characteristics, motives and health care utilization of patients with respiratory symptoms in a network of eight EDs in the central district of Berlin, Germany (Berlin-Mitte). doi = 10.1186/s12913-020-05689-2 id = cord-292380-ulsejzqt author = Iwanejko, Jakub title = Octahydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-One-Based Aminophosphonic Acids and Their Derivatives—Biological Activity towards Cancer Cells date = 2020-05-22 keywords = Aldrich; Germany; Poland; cell; compound summary = Bearing in mind the remarkable precedents of improving the efficacy of cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines by insertion of aminophosphonate moiety and the results of our previous research, we directed our examinations toward the evaluation of antiproliferative properties of the phosphonic derivatives of octahydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one. Bearing in mind the remarkable precedents of improving the efficacy of cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines by insertion of aminophosphonate moiety and the results of our previous research, we directed our examinations toward the evaluation of antiproliferative properties of the phosphonic derivatives of octahydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one. Afterwards, wells were washed five times with water and 50 µL of 0.4% solution of SRB (sulforhodamine B, Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH, Steinheim, Germany) in 1% acetic acid (POCh, Gliwice, Poland) was added to each well and plates were again incubated at RT for 30 min. The unbound dye was removed by washing plates five times with 1% acetic acid, while stained cells were treated with 10 mM TRIS (Tris base, Sigma-Aldrich, Chemie GmbH, Steinheim, Germany). doi = 10.3390/ma13102393 id = cord-168710-a5pst4gf author = Jalilian, Abdollah title = A hierarchical spatio-temporal model to analyze relative risk variations of COVID-19: a focus on Spain, Italy and Germany date = 2020-09-28 keywords = COVID-19; Germany; Spain summary = In this paper, we use a spatio-temporal stochastic model to explain the temporal and spatial variations in the daily number of new confirmed cases in Spain, Italy and Germany from late February to mid September 2020. To account for the underlying temporal and spatial autocorrelation structure in the spread of COVID-19, available data on the daily number of new cases and deaths in different countries/regions have already been analyzed in a considerable number of studies. Variations of the random rate Λ it relative to the expected number of cases E it provide useful information about the spatio-temporal risk of COVID-19 in the whole spatial domain of interest during the study period. For example, a histogram with heights Table 4 presents the Bayesian estimates (posterior means) for every parameter of the considered model fitted to the daily number of new COVID-19 cases in Spain, Italy and Germany. doi = nan id = cord-285162-srkd3wh0 author = Jung, F. title = How we should respond to the Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 outbreak: A German perspective date = 2020-06-05 keywords = Germany; March; SARS summary = Figure 1 shows that until March 20 (day 80), the daily cases of new confirmed infections increased with doubling times between 1-5 days, showing a strong exponential rise of positive tests for SARS-CoV-2 infections in Germany. Common elements of these Asian states were the immediate action of governments to implement certain social distancing strategies and the wearing of face masks in public to reduce the number of new cases, which has proven to be effective to prevent transmission from infected individuals [15] . This led to a longer phase of exponential growth of SARS-CoV-2 infections and deaths in Germany, France and Italy and caused cumulative case numbers to grow significantly higher in comparison to the East-Asian countries (Fig. 2) . Until the end of March (day 91), Japan, however, has managed to stabilize these at under 5,000 confirmed cases, while Germany had almost 71,000 and France almost 52,000 confirmed SARS-Cov-2 infections. doi = 10.3233/ch-209004 id = cord-299988-jaekryq5 author = Karte, Claudia title = Re-emergence of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in a piglet-producing farm in northwestern Germany in 2019 date = 2020-09-10 keywords = Germany; PEDV; porcine summary = title: Re-emergence of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in a piglet-producing farm in northwestern Germany in 2019 After initial confirmation of PEDV by real-time RT-PCR, fecal material and small intestine samples from affected pigs were subjected to metagenomic analyses employing next-generation sequencing. Phylogenetic analyses showed high identities among the PEDV sequences obtained from samples of different animals and a close relation to recent strains from Hungary and France. After reports from Asia, that a new PEDV variant caused considerable losses [12, 13] , that highly virulent PEDV variant emerged also in the United States (US) in 2013, with swine farms experiencing explosive epidemics affecting all age classes of animals, with up to 95% mortality in suckling pigs [2, 14] . Emergence of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in the United States: clinical signs, lesions, and viral genomic sequences doi = 10.1186/s12917-020-02548-4 id = cord-269559-gvvnvcfo author = Kergaßner, Andreas title = Memory-based meso-scale modeling of Covid-19: County-resolved timelines in Germany date = 2020-08-03 keywords = Germany; covid-19; model summary = Here, we combine a spatially resolved county-level infection model for Germany with a memory-based integro-differential approach capable of directly including medical data on the course of disease, which is not possible when using traditional SIR-type models. Based on the history of S, other quantities and subgroups can be determined directly from including medical data on the various courses and infectiousness levels of the disease via corresponding integration weights: We distinguish between the states infectious γ I , symptomatic γ S , tested and quarantined γ Q , hospitalized γ H , in intensive care γ ICU , recovered γ R and deceased γ D . Figure 6 shows the model predicted spatial distribution at county resolution of infectious, symptomatic, hospitalized, and patients in intensive care, following from the individual disease courses in Fig. 1 . doi = 10.1007/s00466-020-01883-5 id = cord-303489-ve1fgnyg author = Klabunde, Thomas title = How high and long will the COVID-19 wave be? A data-driven approach to model and predict the COVID-19 epidemic and the required capacity for the German health system date = 2020-04-17 keywords = Germany; covid-19 summary = This study aims to describe the impact of these control measures on the spread of the disease for Italy and Germany, forecast the epidemic trend of COVID-19 in both countries and estimate the medical capacity requirements in terms of hospital beds and intensive care units (ICUs) for optimal clinical treatment of severe and critical COVID-19 patients, for the Germany health system. Based on the projected number of new COVID-19 cases we expect that the hospital capacity requirements for severe and critical cases in Germany will decline from the 2nd week of April onwards from 13,500 to ~2500 hospital beds (range 1500-4300) and from 2500 to ~500 ICU beds in early May (range 300-800). Since early March several European governments have implemented numerous control measures to reduce the transmission of the disease and decrease the number of new daily cases of COVID-19 so that fewer patients need to seek treatment at any given time and avoid overwhelming hospital capacity, commonly referred as "flattening the curve". doi = 10.1101/2020.04.14.20064790 id = cord-270948-qfsjtflv author = Klosterhalfen, Stephanie title = Waterpipe Use among Adolescents in Germany: Prevalence, Associated Consumer Characteristics, and Trends (German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents, KiGGS) date = 2020-10-22 keywords = Germany summary = The German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS) study and studies of the Federal Centre for Health Education (BZgA) such as the Drug Affinity Study have collected data on awareness about and use of WP, differentiated according to migration background, frequency of consumption, and combined consumption of tobacco cigarettes, WPs, e-products, and tobacco heaters [16, 30] . More specifically, based on data of the second wave of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS Wave 2), in the present study, we aimed to (i) investigate the prevalence of WP consumption among 11-to 17-year-old boys and girls; (ii) describe the frequency of WP use and the self-assessed smoking status; (iii) examine the associations between sociodemographic factors, smoking status and WP consumption among adolescents; and (iv) to monitor trends between the previous and the current wave of the KiGGS study. doi = 10.3390/ijerph17217740 id = cord-255465-sc1yzzsn author = Krasteva, Gabriela title = Caveolin-1 and -2 in airway epithelium: expression and in situ association as detected by FRET-CLSM date = 2006-08-11 keywords = Germany; PCR; cav-2; cell; figure summary = METHODS: Western blotting, real-time quantitative PCR analysis of abraded tracheal epithelium and laser-assisted microdissection combined with subsequent mRNA analysis were used to examine the expression of cav-1 and cav-2, two major caveolar coat proteins, in rat tracheal epithelium. Immunoreactivities for cav-1 and for cav-2 were co-localized in the cell membrane of the basal cells and basolaterally in the ciliated epithelial cells of large airways of rat and human. To address the molecular composition of caveolae, we determined the molecular association of cav-1α and cav-2 in tracheal epithelial cells in tissue sections by double-labeling indirect immunofluorescence combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) analysis. RT-PCR analysis of total mRNA isolated from rat lungs and abraded tracheal epithelial cells revealed expression of cav-1 and cav-2. Conventional indirect double-labeling immunofluorescence with subsequent FRET-CLSM analysis was conducted to determine whether cav-1 and cav-2 are in close apposition in airway epithelial cells in situ, thereby indicating an association of both proteins and formation of hetero-oligomers. doi = 10.1186/1465-9921-7-108 id = cord-294815-mhqe3xjz author = Küchenhoff, H. title = Analysis of the early Covid-19 epidemic curve in Germany by regression models with change points date = 2020-10-30 keywords = Germany; March; change summary = title: Analysis of the early Covid-19 epidemic curve in Germany by regression models with change points We apply the segmented regression model to time series of the estimated daily numbers of infections for Bavaria and Germany. Since the back propagation algorithm yields an estimate for the expected values of the number of daily infections and does so by inducing a smoothing effect, as a sensitivity analysis for the location of the breakpoints, we also apply the model to the time series of the daily number of disease onsets. In Figure 1 , the three different time series of daily cases (reported, disease onset and estimated infection date) are presented. For the Bavarian data on disease onset, the model with K = 4 change points gives the best result with an estimate of the over-dispersion parameter of 3.8, i.e., the variance of Y t is 3.8 times higher than the value of Var(Y t ) = E(Y t ) otherwise expected under the assumption of the Poisson regression model. doi = 10.1101/2020.10.29.20222265 id = cord-333413-8buawes0 author = Liebing, J. title = Health status of free-ranging ring-necked pheasant chicks (Phasianus colchicus) in North-Western Germany date = 2020-06-16 keywords = Germany; Mycoplasma; PCR; chick; pheasant; sample summary = Being a typical ground-breeding bird of the agricultural landscape in Germany, the pheasant has experienced a strong and persistent population decline with a hitherto unexplained cause. In the present study, 62 free-ranging pheasant chicks were caught within a two-year period in three federal states of Germany; Lower Saxony, North Rhine-Westphalia and Schleswig-Holstein. Pheasant chick deaths may often have been triggered by poor nutritional status, probably in association with inflammatory changes in various tissues and organs as well as bacterial and parasitic pathogens. In 2014 and 2015, the Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research (ITAW), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover and the Wildlife Research Institute, State Office for Nature, Environment and Consumer Protection of North Rhine-Westphalia caught free-living Ring-necked Pheasant chicks from Lower Saxony (Cuxhaven, Grafschaft Bentheim, Emsland, Osnabrück, Vechta), North Rhine-Westphalia (Coesfeld, Warendorf) and Schleswig-Holstein (Dithmarschen) to assess the health state by means of pathological, microbiological, virological, parasitological and toxicological investigations. doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0234044 id = cord-252244-y5w9hjy8 author = Loeffler-Wirth, H. title = Covid-19 trajectories: Monitoring pandemic in the worldwide context date = 2020-06-05 keywords = Germany; country; covid-19; figure summary = Different models, mostly assuming a series of diseases states such as the ''Susceptible-Infected-Removed'' (SIR) types (see below) have been used to describe ''epi-curves'' of selected countries and regions under consideration of i) spatial heterogeneous outbreak and transmission scenarios, and ii) the effect of NPIs [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] . The obtained trajectories then enable to visually estimate the dynamic state of epidemic in terms of simple shape characteristics such as slope, parallel shifts or turning points with direct relations to transmission and removal rates of the disease. They enable monitoring the state in terms of differences and similarities between the countries and geographic regions revealing specifics and commons of epidemic spread: (i) A unique linear slope of most of the trajectories in the intermediate abscissa range is indicative for exponential growth in early phases of the outbreak of the pandemic (low level of immunity in the population). doi = 10.1101/2020.06.04.20120725 id = cord-289285-aof7xy13 author = Michaelis, Martin title = Glycyrrhizin Exerts Antioxidative Effects in H5N1 Influenza A Virus-Infected Cells and Inhibits Virus Replication and Pro-Inflammatory Gene Expression date = 2011-05-17 keywords = Germany; H5N1; figure; influenza summary = title: Glycyrrhizin Exerts Antioxidative Effects in H5N1 Influenza A Virus-Infected Cells and Inhibits Virus Replication and Pro-Inflammatory Gene Expression Here, the effects of an approved parenteral glycyrrhizin preparation (Stronger Neo-Minophafen C) were investigated on highly pathogenic influenza A H5N1 virus replication, H5N1-induced apoptosis, and H5N1-induced pro-inflammatory responses in lung epithelial (A549) cells. The mechanism by which glycyrrhizin interferes with H5N1 replication and H5N1-induced pro-inflammatory gene expression includes inhibition of H5N1-induced formation of reactive oxygen species and (in turn) reduced activation of NFκB, JNK, and p38, redox-sensitive signalling events known to be relevant for influenza A virus replication. Glycyrrhizin 200 mg/ml (the maximum tested concentration) did not affect A549 cell viability (data not shown) but clearly decreased CPE formation in A549 cells infected with the H5N1 influenza strain A/Thailand/1(Kan-1)/04 at MOIs of 0.01, 0.1 or 1 ( Figure 1A ). Here, we show that glycyrrhizin inhibits the replication of highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza A virus, H5N1-induced apoptosis, and H5N1-induced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in lung-derived A549 cells. doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0019705 id = cord-239527-69bxbhjh author = Montag, Felix title = Are temporary value-added tax reductions passed on to consumers? Evidence from Germany''s stimulus date = 2020-08-19 keywords = E10; Germany; vat summary = Using a unique dataset containing the universe of price changes at fuel stations in Germany and France in June and July 2020, we employ a difference-in-differences strategy and find that pass-through is fast and substantial but remains incomplete for all fuel types. We estimate the pass-through rate for diesel and gasoline using a unique dataset containing the universe of price changes at fuel stations in Germany and France in June and July 2020 and employing a differencein-differences strategy. Our unique dataset allows us to observe all price changes for around 23, 000 fuel stations across Germany and France before and after the temporary VAT rate reduction. To estimate the average pass-through rate of the VAT reduction, we use a differencein-differences strategy, where we compare daily prices of the three main fuel types sold at fuel stations in Germany and France before and after the policy change. doi = nan id = cord-289555-1z4vbldd author = Mühldorfer, Kristin title = Diseases and Causes of Death in European Bats: Dynamics in Disease Susceptibility and Infection Rates date = 2011-12-28 keywords = Germany; bat; european; specie summary = Comparative analysis of pathological findings and microbiological results show that microbial agents indeed have an impact on bats succumbing to infectious diseases, with fatal bacterial, viral and parasitic infections found in at least 12% of the bats investigated. The clear seasonal and individual variations in disease prevalence and infection rates indicate that maternity colonies are more susceptible to infectious agents, underlining the possible important role of host physiology, immunity and roosting behavior as risk factors for infection of bats. In this study, we provide new data on infectious diseases in European bat species, considering factors likely to affect the susceptibility of bats to infectious agents including effects of seasonality, individual and species-specific heterogeneities, and possible intra-and inter-species transmission dynamics. Comparative bacteriologic and histo-pathologic analysis identified 22 different bacterial species that were clearly associated with pathological lesions and/or systemic infection, found in 17% (n = 73) of bats investigated bacteriologically ( Table 5) . doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0029773 id = cord-254169-sjoiv70c author = Nakano, Katsuyuki title = Future risk of dengue fever to workforce and industry through global supply chain date = 2017-03-16 keywords = EUR; Germany; sector summary = The results indicate that more than 10% of the workers involved in the supply chain of all the major industries in the United States (USA), China, Japan, and Germany could be considered at risk of contracting dengue fever by 2030. The effect of widespread dengue fever infection could influence industrial activities severely, not only in the regions most at risk (India and Brazil) but also in the other regions (USA, Japan, and Germany). 2015) Number of workers at risk of dengue per value of production of each industrial sector (direct impact) Multi-regional input-output (MRIO) tables (Wood et al. An industrial sector located in the upper right side of the graph has higher production value and a large number of workers at risk of contracting dengue fever; therefore, this industry would be specifically advised to introduce countermeasures to manage the effects of the disease. doi = 10.1007/s11027-017-9741-4 id = cord-033219-uwzgbpeo author = Naumann, Elias title = COVID‐19 policies in Germany and their social, political, and psychological consequences date = 2020-09-28 keywords = Germany; March; policy summary = In this paper, we will focus on Germany, briefly summarize the main policies during the first 6 weeks of confinement and then explore political attitudes, risk perceptions, and the social consequences of the lockdown. Finally, we explore the psychological reactions of the public focusing on how threatened people feel by the COVID-19 pandemic, how they rate their individual infection risk and their ability to control an infection, and the perceived likelihood of severe illness if infected (see Appendix for the exact wording of questions and response scale). Our analysis of survey data starting at the peak of the first wave briefly after the lockdown was introduced shows very high approval rates of these policy measures which might explain their success in effectively delaying the spread and reducing new infections to below 1,000 per day by mid-May. Also, Germany managed to keep the number of deaths at a very low level throughout the crisis (see contributions by Malandrino (2020) on Italy and by Colfer (2020) , covering the UK, in this issue). doi = 10.1002/epa2.1091 id = cord-337339-0vkigjv2 author = Osterrieder, Nikolaus title = Age-Dependent Progression of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Syrian Hamsters date = 2020-07-20 keywords = Germany; RNA; SARS; syrian summary = We propose that comparative assessment in young versus aged hamsters of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and treatments may yield valuable information, as this small-animal model appears to mirror age-dependent differences in human patients. Moreover, transgenic mice expressing human ACE2 represent a lethal SARS-CoV-2 infection model resulting in significant weight loss and permitting robust virus replication in the respiratory tract including the lungs [20] . In contrast to SARS-CoV-2 titers, histopathological changes differed markedly between young and aged Syrian hamsters over time: younger animals launched more severe reactions at early time points after infection, while lesions and inflammation in the lungs became more pronounced and widespread at later time points in the elderly. Based on the data presented here, we propose that comparative preclinical assessments of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and other treatment options in young versus aged hamsters may yield valuable and relevant results, as this small animal model appears to mimic age-dependent differences in humans. doi = 10.3390/v12070779 id = cord-342160-snfm62js author = Panait, Luciana Cătălina title = First report of Cytauxzoon sp. infection in Germany: organism description and molecular confirmation in a domestic cat date = 2020-07-17 keywords = Cytauxzoon; Germany summary = Cytauxzoonosis is described as an emerging tick-borne disease of domestic and wild felids caused by protozoans of the genus Cytauxzoon. infection in a domestic cat in Germany, these findings suggest that cytauxzoonosis should be considered as a differential diagnosis in cases of anaemia in outdoor domestic cats, particularly in areas where wild felid populations are present. In Europe, an unnamed species of Cytauxzoon was reported not only in domestic cats from Spain (Criado-Fornelio et al. The cat patient in the current report was also diagnosed with a FIV infection, being presented in a critical condition a few days following clinical examination due to suspected kidney disease. infection in domestic cats in Central Europe and describes the clinical and laboratory findings in association with FIV infection. Results advocate that cytauxzoonosis should be considered as a differential diagnosis in cases of anaemia in domestic cats with an outdoor lifestyle, particularly in areas where populations of wild felids are present. doi = 10.1007/s00436-020-06811-3 id = cord-348495-pa6iqc83 author = Perrotta, D. title = Behaviors and attitudes in response to the COVID-19 pandemic: Insights from a cross-national Facebook survey date = 2020-05-15 keywords = Germany; States; United summary = Our goal in this paper is to provide insights into the relation between participants'' demographic characteristics and (i) the threat they perceive COVID-19 to pose to various levels of society, (ii) the confidence they have in the preparedness of different national and international organizations to handle the current crisis, and (iii) the behavioral measures (preventive measures and social distancing measures) they have taken to protect themselves from the coronavirus. The questionnaire consists of four topical sections: (i) socio-demographic indicators (age, sex, country of birth, country of residence, level of education, household size and composition); (ii) health indicators (underlying medical conditions, flu vaccination status, pregnancy, symptoms experienced in the previous seven days); (iii) opinions and behaviors (perceived threat from COVID-19, level of trust in institutions, level of confidence in sources of information, preventive measures taken, disruptions to daily routine); (iv) social contact data, i.e. the number of interactions that respondents had the day before participating in the survey in different settings (at home, at school, at work, or in other locations). doi = 10.1101/2020.05.09.20096388 id = cord-259562-e1htl489 author = Petzold, Moritz Bruno title = Risk, resilience, psychological distress, and anxiety at the beginning of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Germany date = 2020-07-07 keywords = Germany; covid-19; psychological summary = An online survey in the general population in China showed that more than half of the participants rated the psychological impact of the events as moderate-to-severe and 16.5% reported depressive and 28.8% anxiety symptoms of moderate-to-severe intensity during the initial stage of the pandemic. Another study from China showed a lower prevalence of symptoms of psychological distress in Chinese workforce during the COVID-19 outbreak Tan, Hao, et al., 2020) , and particularly, individuals with preexisting (mental) health issues seem to suffer from psychological strain in the context of the pandemic . Hence, the aim of the present study was to assess psychological distress, anxiety, and depression with regard to the COVID-19 pandemic and to analyze possible risk and protective factors. Our study represents the first study that assesses psychological distress, anxiety, and depression as well as risk and protective factors in the current COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. doi = 10.1002/brb3.1745 id = cord-318900-dovu6kha author = Pitschel, T. title = SARS-Cov-2 proliferation: an analytical aggregate-level model date = 2020-08-22 keywords = Germany; model summary = An intuitive mathematical model describing the virus proliferation is presented and its parameters estimated from time series of observed reported CoViD-19 cases in Germany. Approximating the model evolution as continuous process even at small time intervals 1 Caution in the usage of numbers from pure incidence analysis is required: As consequence of the way the raw data is obtained in [HLWea20] , only infectiousness around the moment of symptom onset is in fact fully observed. Therefore, at the present state of this text, such estimation can only serve to determine reasonable bounds on the parameters of the model, rather than to give a reliable forecast of expect number of eventual infections. In this study a novel model for virus proliferation dynamics was developed and with it the SARS-Cov-2 outbreak in Germany retraced on an aggregate level, using CoViD-19 case count data by the Robert-Koch Institute in Berlin. doi = 10.1101/2020.08.20.20178301 id = cord-028201-x57bhyhr author = Platz, Thomas title = German hospital capacities for prolonged mechanical ventilator weaning in neurorehabilitation – results of a representative survey date = 2020-07-01 keywords = Germany; bed summary = A brief survey among members of the German Neurorehabilitation Society aimed to document the hospital capacities ("beds") for prolonged weaning from a mechanical ventilator for patients with neuro-disabilities that require simultaneous multi-professional neurorehabilitation treatment. Both the broad variation of number of "beds" for prolonged weaning per unit and their unequal geographical distribution across federal states (per capita rate) warrant a more refined follow-up survey that will provide insights into reasons for the observed pattern of variation for these specialized hospital capacities. The German Neurorehabilitation Society (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Neurorehabilitation, DGNR e.V.) conducted a survey among its members to document hospital capacities ("beds") for prolonged weaning for patients with neuro-disabilities that require simultaneous multiprofessional neurorehabilitation treatment ("neuro-weaning beds"). This representative survey indicated substantial hospital capacities for combined prolonged weaning and neurorehabilitation with a total of 1094 "neuro-weaning beds" in Germany. The survey generated a crude estimate of hospital capacities ("beds") for prolonged weaning from a mechanical ventilator for patients with neuro-disabilities that require simultaneous multi-professional neurorehabilitation treatment. doi = 10.1186/s42466-020-00065-1 id = cord-287548-3wv9xcxh author = Plümper, Thomas title = The Pandemic Predominantly Hits Poor Neighbourhoods? SARS-CoV-2 Infections and Covid-19 Fatalities in German Districts date = 2020-08-20 keywords = Germany; district summary = In fact, we find that in the second phase of the pandemic, poorer and more socially deprived districts start to have higher than average Covid-19 mortality rates. In phase 2 and controlling for path dependency, the population of poorer and more socially deprived districts is at least equally likely to get infected, but the probability to die from Covid-19 is statistically significantly higher. • In Germany, the virus mainly entered via tourists returning from ski holidays in the Alps and accordingly wealthier districts initially recorded higher and more socially deprived districts recorded lower Covid-19 infection rates during the first phase of the pandemic in which the virus could spread largely unhampered by social distancing measures. • Controlling for the path dependency of infections, wealthier districts now record lower and more socially deprived districts record higher Covid-19 mortality rates during the second phase of the pandemic in which lockdown was in place. doi = 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa168 id = cord-254148-wc762p6v author = Prell, Tino title = Recommendations for Standards of Network Care for Patients with Parkinson’s Disease in Germany date = 2020-05-13 keywords = Germany; Parkinson; care; patient summary = title: Recommendations for Standards of Network Care for Patients with Parkinson''s Disease in Germany Thus, one recommendation for standard of care in the initial phase of the disease course is physician awareness of the first signs of PD (which could be achieved with better information and secondary prevention standards in the network) and early referral of patients to a movement disorder specialist (which could be achieved by specific disease management programmes). For these patients, at the border between inpatient and outpatient care and the need for sophisticated treatment strategies, the new comprehensive, individual, and interdisciplinary concept of a PD day clinic has proven to be effective [25] . In general, a neurologist should be responsible for long-term medical care of patients with PD, and movement disorder specialists should be involved when there is a special issue. doi = 10.3390/jcm9051455 id = cord-351732-wws6ring author = Sarteschi, Christine M. title = Sovereign Citizens: A Narrative Review With Implications of Violence Towards Law Enforcement date = 2020-09-24 keywords = Germany; Mr.; Mustian; citizen; sovereign summary = The DHS definition is narrower and focuses only on sovereign citizen extremists which they define as "groups or individuals who facilitate or engage in acts of violence directed at public officials, financial institutions, and government facilities in support of their belief that the legitimacy of the U.S. citizenship should be rejected, almost all forms of established government, authority, and institutions are illegitimate and that they are immune from federal, state and local laws" (U.S. Department of Homeland Security, 2014, p. In another instance that could have been deadly for law enforcement, an officer pulled over Sovereign citizen deadly violence against LEOs, has also occurred during the course of an ambush. Exploring the movement''s threat to law enforcement involved a collection of 94 instances in which sovereign citizens did harm police officers, attempted to harm them or threatened to do so. doi = 10.1016/j.avb.2020.101509 id = cord-027027-2vxnmiyj author = Schartau, Patricia title = Male mortality and the German response: lessons from COVID‐19 date = 2020-06-04 keywords = COVID-19; Germany summary = The current COVID‐19 outbreak has raised many questions, amongst them the higher mortality rates in men and the low overall mortality rates in Germany compared to other European countries. Over time this was confirmed by data collected by Global Health 50/50 (May 6th) in countries that had a high COVID-19 caseload; with death rates of 62% men and 38% women in Italy, 58% and 42% (respectively) in Spain, and 80% and 20% (respectively) in Greece. In the next section, we will move to discuss how governmental and public The current COVID-19 outbreak has raised many questions, amongst them the higher mortality rates in men and the low overall mortality rates in Germany compared to other European countries. 5 As it happens, one of the authors (PS) of this article was in the small town of Landsberg for a meeting on the day when Germany''s first COVID-19 case was recorded there: the patient was a male who worked for a company that has two car plants in Wuhan in China. doi = 10.1002/tre.752 id = cord-298469-0sny9dit author = Schlickeiser, Reinhard title = A Gaussian model for the time development of the Sars-Cov-2 corona pandemic disease. Predictions for Germany made on March 30, 2020 date = 2020-04-02 keywords = Germany; gaussian summary = For Germany it is predicted that the first wave of the corona pandemic disease reaches its maximum of new infections on April 11th, 2020 +5.4-3.4 days with 90 percent confidence. In these days there is a very high interest in the societal, economical and political world to understand the time evolution of the first wave of infections of the population by the current Sars-Cov-2 (corona) virus. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.31.20048942 doi: medRxiv preprint per day, we assume that its time evolution is given by the Gaussian function The infections are handable by hospitals for all times if at the maximum of the virus evolution 0.01αI 0 , denoting the maximum number of seriously sick persons per day needing access to breathing apparati, is less or equal to I n , i.e. It seems that German hospitals can only ensure the best treatment of all NSSPs at the maximum of first wave if either (1) the number of available breathing apparati can be increased by a factor of 3, corresponding to b = 210 per day. doi = 10.1101/2020.03.31.20048942 id = cord-226245-p0cyzjwf author = Schneble, Marc title = Nowcasting fatal COVID-19 infections on a regional level in Germany date = 2020-05-15 keywords = Germany; death; infection summary = Given that death counts generally provide more reliable information on the spread of the disease compared to infection counts, which inevitably depend on testing strategy and capacity, the proposed model and the presented results allow to obtain reliable insight into the current state of the pandemic in Germany. The data are provided by the Robert-Koch-Institute (www.rki.de) and give the cumulative number of deaths in different gender and age groups for each of the 412 administrative districts in Germany together with the date of registration of the infection. In Figure 2 we combine these different components and map the fitted nowcasted death counts related to Covid-19 for the different districts of Germany, cumulating over the last seven days before the day of analysis (here May 14, 2020). Let Y t,r,g denote the number of daily deaths due to COVID-19 in district/region r and age and gender group g with time point (date of registration) t = 0, . doi = nan id = cord-288721-3bv3aak6 author = Schneider, Annika title = Single organelle analysis to characterize mitochondrial function and crosstalk during viral infection date = 2019-06-11 keywords = CMV; Fig; Germany; liver; mitochondrion summary = Thus, single-organelle and multi-parameter resolution allows to explore altered energy metabolism and antiviral defence by tagged mitochondria selectively in virus-infected cells and will be instrumental to identify viral immune escape and to develop and monitor novel mitochondrial-targeted therapies. When challenged with high concentrations of calcium (100 µM), mitochondria isolated from virus-infected livers are much more fragile shown by time-dependent loss of membrane potential and change of their morphology indicated by decrease in side-scatter (Fig. 2F ). Number of viable mitochondria detected per second by flow-cytometry declined after calcium challenge, consistent with loss of mitochondrial integrity, and did so much faster in samples from virus-infected livers (Fig. 2F ). In order to further evaluate mitochondrial functionality, we challenged mitochondria with Ca 2+ as stress test and performed time kinetic measurements of DilC 1 (5) fluorescence and side-scatter of mito-DsRed + and mito-DsRed − mitochondria isolated from Ad-CMV-mitoRL infected livers. doi = 10.1038/s41598-019-44922-9 id = cord-257940-12nf27j4 author = Schwendicke, Falk title = Dental service utilization in the very old: an insurance database analysis from northeast Germany date = 2020-09-30 keywords = Germany; dental; service; utilization summary = In multi-variable analysis, social hardship status (OR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.12-1.16), federal state (Brandenburg 0.85; 0.84–0.87; Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania: 0.80; 0.78–0.82), and age significantly affected utilization (0.95; 0.95–0.95/year), together with a range of co-morbidities according to ICD-10 and DRG. In a previous study and building on claims data, we found a disparate utilization of prosthetic services in the very old, with those aged 85 years or older, those living rural, and those with severe general health conditions utilizing prosthetic services, by large, to a lower degree than younger, urban living and only limitedly sick seniors [7] . In the present study, we used claims data from a large health insurance in northeast Germany to assess dental service utilization in the very old. We hypothesized that the utilization of dental services in the very old was associated with an individual''s age, general health status, place of living, and social status. doi = 10.1007/s00784-020-03591-z id = cord-329900-lq91rb8c author = Seiffert, Moritz title = Temporal trends in the presentation of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular emergencies during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany: an analysis of health insurance claims date = 2020-08-04 keywords = Germany; January; covid summary = CONCLUSIONS: Admission rates for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular emergencies declined during the pandemic in Germany, while patients'' comorbidities and treatment allocations remained unchanged. n.s. The percentage of patients admitted for cardiovascular or cerebrovascular emergencies, who underwent interventional or open-surgical procedures during the hospital stay, were similar between pre-COVID and COVID periods for STEMI (84.7-86.3%), NSTEMI (58.0-60.5%), acute limb ischemia (81.9-82.8%), aortic rupture (51.5-56.7%), stroke (18.4-19.1%), and TIA (2.1-2.2%) (Fig. 2 and Table 1 ). This analysis of a large dataset of routinely collected health insurance claims demonstrated a marked decrease in hospital admission rates for several cardiovascular and cerebrovascular emergencies during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. In this large-scale retrospective analysis of health insurance claims, we observed a marked decrease of in-hospital admission rates for acute cardiovascular and cerebrovascular emergencies including myocardial infarction, acute limb ischemia, stroke, and transient ischemic attack during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. doi = 10.1007/s00392-020-01723-9 id = cord-252343-a85wz2hs author = Skoda, Eva-Maria title = Psychological burden of healthcare professionals in Germany during the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic: differences and similarities in the international context date = 2020-08-07 keywords = COVID-19; Germany; level summary = In total, 2224 HPs (physicians n = 492, nursing staff n = 1511, paramedics n = 221) and 10 639 non-healthcare professionals (nHPs) were assessed including generalized anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-2), current health status (EQ-5D-3L), COVID-19-related fear, subjective level of information regarding COVID-19. RESULTS: HPs showed less generalized anxiety, depression and COVID-19-related fear and higher health status and subjective level of information regarding COVID-19 than the nHPs. Within the HP groups, nursing staff were the most psychologically burdened. In this study, nHPs reported overall higher levels of psychological burden than the HPs, which is particularly pronounced in generalized anxiety and depression scores. In the investigated sample, nursing staff seems to be the most vulnerable group for mental health burden during the COVID-19 pandemic, whereas a high subjective level of information seems to be associated with less psychological burden. doi = 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa124 id = cord-278508-h145cxlp author = Streng, Andrea title = Continued high incidence of children with severe influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 admitted to paediatric intensive care units in Germany during the first three post-pandemic influenza seasons, 2010/11–2012/13 date = 2015-12-18 keywords = Germany; PICU; influenza summary = title: Continued high incidence of children with severe influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 admitted to paediatric intensive care units in Germany during the first three post-pandemic influenza seasons, 2010/11–2012/13 CONCLUSIONS: Active screening showed a continued high incidence of A(H1N1)pdm09-associated PICU admissions in the post-pandemic seasons 1 and 3, and indicated possible underestimation of incidence in previous German studies. Based on cases recorded by a nation-wide paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) reporting system, the pre-pandemic (2005/06-2007/08), pandemic (2009/10) and post-pandemic (2010/ 11) annual incidence of severe influenza cases per 100,000 children below 15 or 17 years of age was estimated as 0.05, 0.8-1.0, and 0.4, respectively [18] [19] [20] . During the first three post-pandemic seasons 2010/11, 2011/12 and 2012/13, active screening of children with acute respiratory infection admitted to 24 paediatric intensive care units in Bavaria identified a total of 51 PCR-confirmed influenza cases, resulting in annual incidence estimates of 1.7, 0.7, and 1.8 influenza-associated PICU admissions per 100,000 children, respectively. doi = 10.1186/s12879-015-1293-1 id = cord-331421-rioeke67 author = Valentowitsch, Johann title = Flattening the COVID-19 Curve: The Impact of Contact Restrictions on the Infection Curve in Germany date = 2020-07-22 keywords = Germany summary = Although Germany is coping well with the coronavirus crisis, many voices are currently being raised that fundamentally question the success of the contact restriction strategy to contain the virus. According to estimates by the Robert Koch Institute, the effective basic reproductive number dropped below the critical mark just a few weeks after the outbreak of the disease [6] . In this study, I look at the daily infection rate in Germany and, based on a set of plausible basic reproduction numbers, estimate how the infection rate would have developed had the social lockdown not occurred. For the calibration of the estimate I use the number of cases documented by the Robert Koch Institute, an independent German fe-deral authority for infectious diseases and non-communicable diseases. Germany is currently well positioned in the coronavirus crisis, which can be attributed not least to the effect of the official contact restriction measures. doi = 10.1055/a-1194-4967 id = cord-337037-xpj17vn4 author = Weigel, Ralf title = Global child health in Germany - Time for action date = 2020-10-09 keywords = Germany; Health; child summary = Universities in the UK and other European countries provide leadership in research and education for global child health to inform related policy and practice, but the German contribution is inadequate. Although this lack of representation is not necessarily a sign of a lack of participation in the international scientific debate, the few opportunities German researchers have to engage in global child health research and education at universities suggest that this is, in fact, the case. Many opportunities exist for paediatricians and other health workers caring for children to engage with the realities of global child health in research and education. The German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) has helped to establish 28 cooperations between universities in Germany and low-and middle-income countries with its ''Partnership for Health Care in Developing Countries'' programme [28] , some addressing maternal and child health. doi = 10.1080/16549716.2020.1829401 id = cord-318766-vx0dnnxh author = Wendt, Ralph title = Comprehensive investigation of an in-hospital transmission cluster of a symptomatic SARS-CoV-2–positive physician among patients and healthcare workers in Germany date = 2020-06-03 keywords = Germany; SARS summary = title: Comprehensive investigation of an in-hospital transmission cluster of a symptomatic SARS-CoV-2–positive physician among patients and healthcare workers in Germany We investigated potential transmissions of a symptomatic SARS-CoV-2–positive physician in a tertiary-care hospital who worked for 15 cumulative hours without wearing a face mask. We tested all 254 potential contacts of the symptomatic SARS-CoV-2-positive index physician, including 67 patients, and 187 nurses and doctors, technical and medical assistants, and other healthcare staff, on day 5 after the exposure by specific RT-PCR from nose and throat swabs or pharyngeal lavage, irrespective of reported symptoms. We tested a large number of possible contact persons of a symptomatic SARS-CoV-2-infected physician among HCWs and patients on day 5 after exposure; all were negative. 6 For further analysis and confirmation of our results, we investigated the serum of all high-risk contacts (n = 23) on days 15 or 16 and 22 or 23 for SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies. doi = 10.1017/ice.2020.268 id = cord-004534-jqm1hxps author = nan title = Abstract date = 2009-06-09 keywords = AFM; ATP; Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry; Department; FCS; France; GFP; Genova; Germany; Hyp; Institute; Italy; Molecular; Physics; RNA; Sciences; University; cell; dna; fluorescence; fret; interaction; lipid; membrane; protein; result; structure; study summary = HIV-1 to efficiently complete a replication cycle has to integrate its genome into the host cellular DNA.After HIV-1 enters target cells,neosynthesized viral DNA forms along with other proteins the pre-integration complex (PIC).PICs are then transported into the nucleus where integration,catalyzed by the viral integrase,takes place.HIV-1 viral particles engineered to incorporate integrase fused to EGFP have proven effective to study PICs within nuclei of infected cells.In this study we report the live imaging analysis of nuclear PIC dynamics obtained by time-lapse microscopy.Intranuclear trajectories of IN-EGFP-labeled PIC were collected in three dimensions and examined by both mean squared displacement (MSD) and cage diameter (CD) analysis.In CD the maximum distances measured between two positions occupied by a PIC in a time window of 2 minutes were calculated while in our MSD analysis 5-minute long trajectory segments were considered.Remarkably,MSD revealed the presence of an underlying active transport mechanism.To test the possible role of actin filaments,PIC nuclear trafficking was analyzed in cells treated with latrunculin B (actin polymerization inhibitor).Preliminary results suggest that the disruption of actin function impairs the active nuclear movement of PICs. Second harmonic generation microscopy reveals sarcomere contractile dynamics of cardiomyocytes N. doi = 10.1007/s00249-009-0478-1 id = cord-004584-bcw90f5b author = nan title = Abstracts: 8th EBSA European Biophysics Congress, August 23rd–27th 2011, Budapest, Hungary date = 2011-08-06 keywords = AFM; ATP; Biophysics; Department; FCS; Germany; Institute; RNA; University; cell; change; channel; complex; different; dna; dynamic; effect; fluorescence; fret; high; interaction; lipid; mechanism; membrane; model; molecular; molecule; process; protein; result; structure; study; surface; system summary = Our goals are two-fold: (1) to monitor conformational changes in each domain upon its binding to specific ligands and then to correlate the observed changes with structural differences between the CRDs and (2) to investigate the interaction between the CRDs and lipid model membranes. Cholesterol-assisted lipid and protein interactions such as the integration into lipid nanodomains are considered to play a functional part in a whole range of membrane-associated processes, but their direct and non-invasive observation in living cells is impeded by the resolution limit of [200nm of a conventional far-field optical microscope. Therefore, to investigate the dynamic and complex membrane lateral organization in living cells, we have developed an original approach based on molecule diffusion measurements performed by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy at different spatial scales (spot variable FCS, svFCS) (1). doi = 10.1007/s00249-011-0734-z id = cord-004894-75w35fkd author = nan title = Abstract date = 2006-06-14 keywords = ABSTRACT; BMI; Background; CHD; CVD; Germany; Health; Methods; Netherlands; age; cancer; conclusion; datum; discussion; dutch; european; factor; high; increase; objective; patient; result; risk; study; woman; year summary = The unadjusted median (25-75% percentile) sperm concentration in the non-exposed group (n = 90) is 49 (23-86) mill/ml compared to 33 (12-63) mill/ml among men exposed to >19 cigarettes per day in fetal life (n = 26 Aim: To estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity, and their effects in physical activity (PA) levels of Portuguese children and adolescents aged 10-18 years. Objectives: a) To estimate the sex-and age-adjusted annual rate of tuberculosis infection (ARTI) (per 100 person-years [%py]) among the HCWs, as indicated by tuberculin skin test conversion (TST) conversion, b) to identify occupational factors associated with significant variations in the ARTI, c) to investigate the efficacy of the regional preventive guidelines. Objectives: We assessed the total burden of adverse events (AE), and determined treatment-related risk factors for the development of various AEs. Methods: The study cohort included 1362 5-year survivors, treated in the Emma Childrens Hospital AMC in the Netherlands between 1966-1996. doi = 10.1007/s10654-006-9021-1 id = cord-005147-mvoq9vln author = nan title = Autorenregister date = 2017-02-23 keywords = Berlin; Genetics; Germany; Human; Illumina; Institute; NGS; PCR; RNA; Sanger; University; WES; analysis; case; cell; disease; dna; expression; family; gene; mutation; patient; result; sequencing; study; syndrome; variant summary = Using whole-exome sequencing and trio-based de novo analysis, we identified a novel heterozygous de novo frameshift variant in the leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR) gene causing instability of the mRNA in a patient presenting with bilateral CAKUT and requiring kidney transplantation at one year of age. Loss of cdkl5 associated with deficient mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling in mice and human cells We and other groups have shown that mutations in the X-linked cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) gene cause a severe neurodevelopmental disorder with clinical features including intellectual disability, early-onset intractable seizures and autism, that are closely related to those present in Rett syndrome (RTT) patients. Functional characterization of novel GNB1 mutations as a rare cause of global developmental delay Over the past years, prioritization strategies that combined the molecular predictors of sequence variants from exomes and genomes of patients with rare Mendelian disorders with computer-readable phenotype information became a highly effective method for detecting disease-causing mutations. doi = 10.1007/s11825-017-0126-6 id = cord-006229-7yoilsho author = nan title = Abstracts of the 82(nd) Annual Meeting of the German Society for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (DGPT) and the 18(th) Annual Meeting of the Network Clinical Pharmacology Germany (VKliPha) in cooperation with the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Angewandte Humanpharmakologie e.V. (AGAH) date = 2016-02-06 keywords = 3-mcpd; GRK2; Germany; IL-6; LPS; OCT1; PKA; PLN; STW; THP-1; VPA; activation; assay; cell; concentration; different; dna; drug; effect; expression; fret; high; human; increase; level; method; model; mouse; potential; protein; receptor; result; s1p; study; test; treatment; trpc5; western summary = It directly activates Protein Kinase A (PKA) or the Exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac) which is a guanine exchange factor (GEF) for the small monomeric GTPase Rap. As Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) express both cAMP effectors (Epac1 and PKA), we investigated the role of cAMP-signaling using a spheroid based sprouting assay as an in vitro model for angiogenesis. After activation, S1P receptors regulate important processes in the progression of renal diseases, such as mesangial cell migration Methods and Results: Here we demonstrate that dexamethasone treatment lowered S1P 1 mRNA and protein expression levels in rat mesangial cells measured by TaqMan® and Western blot analyses. The aim of this study was to investigate the relevance of IGFBP5 in cardiogenesis and cardiac remodeling and its role as a potential target for ameliorating stress-induced cardiac remodeling Methods and Results: We investigated the expression of Igfbp5 in murine cardiac tissue at different developmental stages by qPCR normalized to Tpt1 (Tumor Protein, Translationally-Controlled 1). doi = 10.1007/s00210-016-1213-y id = cord-006230-xta38e7j author = nan title = Deutsche Gesellschaft für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie e.V. date = 2012-02-22 keywords = ATP; ERK; Germany; IL-6; Institut; LPS; NDPK; PCR; PKA; Pharmakologie; RKIP; ROS; Rac1; TNF; TRPC6; TRPM3; TTC; Toxikologie; Universität; V79; activity; cell; concentration; dna; effect; expression; gene; human; increase; level; mouse; protein; receptor; result; study; western summary = Here, we will present our analysis of Ca 2+ signaling following stimulation of the FcεRI receptor and application of secretagogues that are supposed to affect Ca 2+ -dependent mast cell activation such as adenosine, endothelin-1, substance P and compound 48/80 in BMMCs and PMCs derived from mouse lines with inactivation of TRPC1, TRPC3, TRPC4, TRPC5 or TRPC6 since specific antagonists are still lacking for these TRP channels. These data indicate that increased PP2A activity is associated with modified gene expression in TG hearts possibly affecting stress response and regulation of cell signalling. As demonstrated by qPCR and Western blot experiments, mesangial cells showed a marked time-and dose-dependent upregulation of CSE mRNA and protein levels after treatment with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB). The transcription factor cAMP response element (CRE)-binding protein (CREB) plays a critical role in regulating gene expression in response to activation of the cAMPdependent signaling pathway, which is implicated in the pathophysiology of heart failure. doi = 10.1007/s00210-012-0736-0 id = cord-006860-a3b8hyyr author = nan title = 40th Annual Meeting of the GTH (Gesellschaft für Thrombose- und Hämostaseforschung) date = 1996 keywords = ADP; APC; APTT; DVT; ELISA; FXII; Germany; HUVEC; INR; LMWH; Leiden; PAI; PCR; STA; TEG; VIII; activity; blood; cell; dna; factor; hat; heparin; high; increase; level; patient; plasma; platelet; protein; result; study; time summary = Dept of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Kiel and Mtinster, Germany Resistance to activated protein C (APCR), in the majority of cases associated with the Arg 506 Gin point mutation in the factor V gene is present in more than 50 % of patients < 60 years of age with unexplained thrombophilia. The regular APC resistance test is not applicable to plasma from Orally anticoagulated (OAC) or heparinized patients due to decreased levels of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors and to thrombin inhibition by antithrombin, respectively. On admission an extensive coagulation screen yielded the following results (n/normal, t/elevated, I/reduced, +/positive, -/negative): PT t, aPTT t, Tr n, factor II, V, VIII n, factor VII, IX, XI, XII /,, fibrinogan t, ATIII n, protein C, S *, activated protein C sensitivity ratio 1.92 ($), FV-Leidenmutation PCR -, fibrinolytic system n, TAT t, Ft÷2 t, lupus anticoagulant +, heparin induced platelet antibodies +; no diagnosis of a specific autoimmuna disorder could be made. doi = 10.1007/bf00641048 id = cord-008777-i2reanan author = nan title = ECB12: 12th European Congess on Biotechnology date = 2005-07-19 keywords = Ankara; Biology; Biotechnology; Chemical; Denmark; Department; Engineering; Escherichia; Faculty; Germany; HPLC; Institute; PCR; Research; Science; Technical; Technology; Turkey; University; acid; activity; analysis; bacillus; cell; concentration; condition; culture; different; dna; effect; enzyme; expression; fermentation; gene; growth; high; increase; medium; method; process; produce; production; protein; result; strain; study; system summary = Mollerup Department of Chemical Engineering, Building 229, DTU, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark A variety of factors that govern the properties of proteins are utilized in the development of chromatographic processes for the recovery of biological products including the binding and release of protons, the non-covalent association with non-polar groups (often hydrophobic interactions), the association of small ions (ion exchange) and the highly specific antigen-antibody interaction (affinity interactions). Such fermenters will be needed in order to meet the increasing pressure on costs for low price commodity type products such as single cell protein or food and technical grade enzymes, and to meet the demands of the new wave of white biotech, in which bio-produced chemicals must be made at prices competitive with those of the traditional chemical industry. The presentation will focus on use of the sensitive sandwich hybridization technology for the quantitative analysis of process relevant marker genes in different kind of microbial cell cultures with a focus on the production of recombinant proteins. doi = 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2005.06.005 id = cord-012518-ncrdwtdg author = nan title = Abstractband DOG 2020 date = 2020-08-24 keywords = CNV; Germany; Gruppe; IOD; IOP; OCT; Patienten; der; eye; group; patient; result; study summary = The improvement in tear film quality (measured by TBUT) was shown after application of trehalose/hyaluronate tear substitute for one month in both, glaucoma and control group patients with mild to moderate dry eye symptoms. Methods: For 351 eyes (275 patients) who underwent DMEK for Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD), donor ECD decrease as compared to preoperative donor ECD was evaluated up to four years after surgery. The present study included fundus images of 111 individuals with a mean refractive error of -9.3 ± 3.8 diopters (range:-20.8, +1.75) and an axial length of 26.8 ± 1.9 mm (range: 22.55, 30.88) Results: The disc-fovea distance increased significantly with longer axial length, with a relatively flat slope in the non-highly myopic eyes (Disc-Fovea-Distance = 24.3 × Axial Length (mm)+514) and a steeper slope in the highly myopic group (Disc-Fovea-Distance = 58.7 × Axial Length (mm)-460). doi = 10.1007/s00347-020-01197-0 id = cord-015359-gf32a6f1 author = nan title = B scientific sessions (SS) date = 2002 keywords = CTA; DSA; DTPA; Doppler; ECG; Germany; MRA; MRI; MSCT; Purpose; Siemens; case; conclusion; contrast; image; material; method; patient; result; study summary = Methods and materials: 73 consecutive patients, clinically considered to have stage 1B tumour (confined to the cervix), underwent MR imaging studies at 1 T, according to the following protocol: fast spin-echo (FSE) T2-weighted, gadoliniumenhanced SE Tl-weighted, and fat-suppressed gadolinium-enhanced SE Tlweighted sequences. Purpose: To describe the radiological (thin section CT) findings correlated to activity and remission in ANCA associated pulmonary-renal small vessel vasculitis (SVV) Material and methods: We used retrospective analysis of 37 CTs, 27 in disease activity (8 first manifestations, 19 relapses) 10 im remission of 17 patients with pulmorenal syndrome (9 Wegener, 4 microscopic polyangiitis-MPA, 3 Churg-Strauss-syndrome, 1 idiopathic crescentic glomerulonephritis following the Chapel Hill classification) 7 women, 10 men, median 65.5 years (34 -84). Varghese, P.R. Mueller; Boston, MA/US Purpose: We sought to determine the incidence of malignancy and to assess a possible role for image guided biopsy of this category of renal masses Materials & methods: Of the 397 renal biopsies performed at our institution between 1991 and 2000; a total of 28 patients with 28 category III lesions, were identified for analysis. doi = 10.1007/s00330-002-0002-9 id = cord-022888-dnsdg04n author = nan title = Poster Sessions date = 2009-08-19 keywords = APC; BCR; CD14; CD4; CD8; CMV; CTL; EBV; ELISA; Germany; HCV; HIV; HLA; IBD; IFN; IL-10; IL-2; IL-4; IL-6; Immunology; Institute; LPS; MHC; NKT; PCR; RNA; SLE; TCR; TGF; TLR; TLR4; TNF; University; antigen; cell; dna; expression; immune; mouse; patient; protein; response; result; study; th1; th2 summary = Methods: Phospho-specific Western blot analyses were performed to verify the functionality of the different IFN-g pathway components, intra-and extracellular flow cytometry experiments were employed to determine the expression of antigen processing components and HLA class I cell surface antigens, quantitative real time-PCR experiments to confirm the absence of JAK2 and presence of pathway relevant molecules as well as, genomic PCR and chromosome typing technique to prove the deletion of JAK2. In order to accomplish these objectives we induced priming or tolerance of ovalbumin (OVA 323-339 peptide)-specific T cells from DO11.10 TCR transgenic mice in vitro or, following adoptive transfer of near physiologically relevant numbers of such cells into recipients, in vivo and correlated functional outcome (via proliferation and cytokine readout assays or antibody production) with E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases expression and the ubiquitination status of the TCR signalling machinery. doi = 10.1002/eji.200990224