Carrel name: keyword-hbv-cord Creating study carrel named keyword-hbv-cord Initializing database file: cache/cord-007562-4hcs0z65.json key: cord-007562-4hcs0z65 authors: Bijlenga, G. title: Proposal for vaccination against SARS coronavirus using avian infectious bronchitis virus strain H from The Netherlands date: 2005-07-19 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2005.04.010 sha: doc_id: 7562 cord_uid: 4hcs0z65 file: cache/cord-002687-ql6zo8ka.json key: cord-002687-ql6zo8ka authors: Li, Dan; He, Wenhui; Liu, Ximing; Zheng, Sanduo; Qi, Yonghe; Li, Huiyu; Mao, Fengfeng; Liu, Juan; Sun, Yinyan; Pan, Lijing; Du, Kaixin; Ye, Keqiong; Li, Wenhui; Sui, Jianhua title: A potent human neutralizing antibody Fc-dependently reduces established HBV infections date: 2017-09-26 journal: nan DOI: 10.7554/elife.26738 sha: doc_id: 2687 cord_uid: ql6zo8ka file: cache/cord-001247-pxzbirqd.json key: cord-001247-pxzbirqd authors: Sun, Lu; Zhang, Yu; Zhao, Bao; Deng, Mengmeng; Liu, Jun; Li, Xin; Hou, Junwei; Gui, Mingming; Zhang, Shuijun; Li, Xiaodong; Gao, George F.; Meng, Songdong title: A new unconventional HLA-A2-restricted epitope from HBV core protein elicits antiviral cytotoxic T lymphocytes date: 2014-03-22 journal: Protein Cell DOI: 10.1007/s13238-014-0041-4 sha: doc_id: 1247 cord_uid: pxzbirqd file: cache/cord-001515-x11t9pbv.json key: cord-001515-x11t9pbv authors: Kosinska, Anna D.; Liu, Jia; Lu, Mengji; Roggendorf, Michael title: Therapeutic vaccination and immunomodulation in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B: preclinical studies in the woodchuck date: 2014-12-23 journal: Med Microbiol Immunol DOI: 10.1007/s00430-014-0379-5 sha: doc_id: 1515 cord_uid: x11t9pbv file: cache/cord-003993-3bozjfv7.json key: cord-003993-3bozjfv7 authors: Cagliani, Rachele; Forni, Diego; Sironi, Manuela title: Mode and tempo of human hepatitis virus evolution date: 2019-10-25 journal: Comput Struct Biotechnol J DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2019.09.007 sha: doc_id: 3993 cord_uid: 3bozjfv7 file: cache/cord-009636-5kddituy.json key: cord-009636-5kddituy authors: Shirbaghaee, Zeinab; Bolhassani, Azam title: Different applications of virus‐like particles in biology and medicine: Vaccination and delivery systems date: 2015-12-22 journal: Biopolymers DOI: 10.1002/bip.22759 sha: doc_id: 9636 cord_uid: 5kddituy file: cache/cord-000736-6f8vyziv.json key: cord-000736-6f8vyziv authors: Pripuzova, Natalia; Wang, Richard; Tsai, Shien; Li, Bingjie; Hung, Guo-Chiuan; Ptak, Roger G.; Lo, Shyh-Ching title: Development of Real-Time PCR Array for Simultaneous Detection of Eight Human Blood-Borne Viral Pathogens date: 2012-08-17 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043246 sha: doc_id: 736 cord_uid: 6f8vyziv file: cache/cord-003018-qrt07zmz.json key: cord-003018-qrt07zmz authors: Miyakawa, Kei; Matsunaga, Satoko; Yamaoka, Yutaro; Dairaku, Mina; Fukano, Kento; Kimura, Hirokazu; Chimuro, Tomoyuki; Nishitsuji, Hironori; Watashi, Koichi; Shimotohno, Kunitada; Wakita, Takaji; Ryo, Akihide title: Development of a cell-based assay to identify hepatitis B virus entry inhibitors targeting the sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide date: 2018-05-04 journal: Oncotarget DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25348 sha: doc_id: 3018 cord_uid: qrt07zmz file: cache/cord-002706-m3y35ozx.json key: cord-002706-m3y35ozx authors: Guo, Fang; Zhao, Qiong; Sheraz, Muhammad; Cheng, Junjun; Qi, Yonghe; Su, Qing; Cuconati, Andrea; Wei, Lai; Du, Yanming; Li, Wenhui; Chang, Jinhong; Guo, Ju-Tao title: HBV core protein allosteric modulators differentially alter cccDNA biosynthesis from de novo infection and intracellular amplification pathways date: 2017-09-25 journal: PLoS Pathog DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006658 sha: doc_id: 2706 cord_uid: m3y35ozx file: cache/cord-010088-s9tfvtao.json key: cord-010088-s9tfvtao authors: nan title: Oral Abstracts date: 2013-11-01 journal: Vox Sang DOI: 10.1111/vox.12100_1 sha: doc_id: 10088 cord_uid: s9tfvtao file: cache/cord-017012-yl0vanuh.json key: cord-017012-yl0vanuh authors: Herberg, Jethro; Pahari, Amitava; Walters, Sam; Levin, Michael title: Infectious Diseases and the Kidney date: 2009 journal: Pediatric Nephrology DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-76341-3_52 sha: doc_id: 17012 cord_uid: yl0vanuh file: cache/cord-280643-n8qjorqk.json key: cord-280643-n8qjorqk authors: Wu, Kai-Lang; Zhang, Xue; Zhang, Jianlin; Yang, Yongbo; Mu, Yong-Xin; Liu, Mo; Lu, Lu; Li, Yan; Zhu, Ying; Wu, Jianguo title: Inhibition of Hepatitis B virus gene expression by single and dual small interfering RNA treatment date: 2005-04-26 journal: Virus Res DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2005.04.001 sha: doc_id: 280643 cord_uid: n8qjorqk file: cache/cord-276565-vkbu581j.json key: cord-276565-vkbu581j authors: He, Qing; Zhang, Guo; Gu, Ye; Wang, Jitao; Tang, Qiyuan; Jiang, Zicheng; Shao, Chuxiao; Zhang, Hongguang; Chen, Zhenhuai; Ma, Baoyi; Liu, Dengxiang; Xie, Guanghang; Xu, Dan; Huang, Yifei; Zhang, Haijun; Liang, Mingkai; Huang, Huihong; Wang, Yan; Liu, Hongyan; Yang, Jie; Pan, Hongqiu; Zou, Shengqiang; Li, Fujian; Wang, Fang; Liu, Chuan; Wang, Wenjuan; Xiong, Bin; Li, Xun; Liu, Lei; Yang, Jianrong; Qi, Xiaolong title: Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients With Pre-existing Hepatitis B Virus Infection: A Multicenter Report date: 2020-09-11 journal: Am J Gastroenterol DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000924 sha: doc_id: 276565 cord_uid: vkbu581j file: cache/cord-004605-gsi4yxzj.json key: cord-004605-gsi4yxzj authors: nan title: Prüfung und Deklaration der Wirksamkeit von Desinfektionsmitteln gegen Viren: Stellungnahme des Arbeitskreises Viruzidie* beim Robert Koch-Institut (RKI) sowie des Fachausschusses „Virusdesinfektion“ der Deutschen Gesellschaft zur Bekämpfung der Viruskrankheiten (DVV) und der Desinfektionsmittelkommission der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hygiene und Mikrobiologie (DGHM) date: 2004 journal: Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz DOI: 10.1007/s00103-003-0754-7 sha: doc_id: 4605 cord_uid: gsi4yxzj file: cache/cord-285505-8norumv6.json key: cord-285505-8norumv6 authors: Vere Hodge, R. Anthony title: Meeting report: 27th International conference on antiviral research, in Raleigh, NC, USA date: 2014-09-16 journal: Antiviral Res DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.08.009 sha: doc_id: 285505 cord_uid: 8norumv6 file: cache/cord-002282-ldfa616a.json key: cord-002282-ldfa616a authors: Joung, Young Hee; Park, Se Hee; Moon, Ki-Beom; Jeon, Jae-Heung; Cho, Hye-Sun; Kim, Hyun-Soon title: The Last Ten Years of Advancements in Plant-Derived Recombinant Vaccines against Hepatitis B date: 2016-10-13 journal: Int J Mol Sci DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101715 sha: doc_id: 2282 cord_uid: ldfa616a file: cache/cord-252586-fuaoelgb.json key: cord-252586-fuaoelgb authors: Phillips, Sandra; Chokshi, Shilpa; Chatterji, Udayan; Riva, Antonio; Bobardt, Michael; Williams, Roger; Gallay, Philippe; Naoumov, Nikolai V. title: Alisporivir Inhibition of Hepatocyte Cyclophilins Reduces HBV Replication and Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Production date: 2014-10-08 journal: Gastroenterology DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2014.10.004 sha: doc_id: 252586 cord_uid: fuaoelgb file: cache/cord-255697-trig04hd.json key: cord-255697-trig04hd authors: Cheng, Vincent Chi-Chung; Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo; Hung, Ivan Fan-Ngai; Yuen, Kwok-Yung title: Viral Infections, an Overview with a Focus on Prevention of Transmission date: 2016-10-24 journal: International Encyclopedia of Public Health DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-803678-5.00514-2 sha: doc_id: 255697 cord_uid: trig04hd file: cache/cord-009813-o8ai730r.json key: cord-009813-o8ai730r authors: Wang, Wei; Xiong, Liang; Wang, Pengyun; Wang, Fubing; Ma, Qingfeng title: Major vault protein plays important roles in viral infection date: 2019-11-26 journal: IUBMB Life DOI: 10.1002/iub.2200 sha: doc_id: 9813 cord_uid: o8ai730r file: cache/cord-022607-34hj17sn.json key: cord-022607-34hj17sn authors: Wain‐Hobson, Simon; Vartanian, Jean‐Pierre title: Editing HBV into oblivion date: 2004-11-24 journal: Hepatology DOI: 10.1002/hep.20499 sha: doc_id: 22607 cord_uid: 34hj17sn file: cache/cord-267709-i2loz1xb.json key: cord-267709-i2loz1xb authors: Li, Tongya; Ke, Zunlong; Liu, Weiyong; Xiong, Ying; Zhu, Ying; Liu, Yingle title: Human Hepatitis B Virus Core Protein Inhibits IFNα-Induced IFITM1 Expression by Interacting with BAF200 date: 2019-05-09 journal: Viruses DOI: 10.3390/v11050427 sha: doc_id: 267709 cord_uid: i2loz1xb file: cache/cord-264713-38dlh3wg.json key: cord-264713-38dlh3wg authors: Vernet, Guy title: Molecular diagnostics in virology date: 2004-08-20 journal: J Clin Virol DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2004.06.003 sha: doc_id: 264713 cord_uid: 38dlh3wg file: cache/cord-025634-31n5fvex.json key: cord-025634-31n5fvex authors: Zhuge, Shurui; Ge, Congcong; Yang, Yuting; Cui, Yuxia; Yue, Xiaomei; Zhang, Zhenzhen; Xu, Hongmei; Huang, Ailong; Zhao, Yao title: The prevalence of occult HBV infection in immunized children with HBsAg-positive parents: a hospital-based analysis date: 2020-05-29 journal: Hepatol Int DOI: 10.1007/s12072-020-10055-9 sha: doc_id: 25634 cord_uid: 31n5fvex file: cache/cord-264488-989t9ld1.json key: cord-264488-989t9ld1 authors: Park, Il-Hyun; Kwon, Young-Chan; Ryu, Wang-Shick; Ahn, Byung-Yoon title: Inhibition of hepatitis B virus replication by ligand-mediated activation of RNase L date: 2014-02-06 journal: Antiviral Res DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.01.021 sha: doc_id: 264488 cord_uid: 989t9ld1 file: cache/cord-275104-imqmyqhz.json key: cord-275104-imqmyqhz authors: Fioravanti, Jessica; Di Lucia, Pietro; Magini, Diletta; Moalli, Federica; Boni, Carolina; Benechet, Alexandre Pierre; Fumagalli, Valeria; Inverso, Donato; Vecchi, Andrea; Fiocchi, Amleto; Wieland, Stefan; Purcell, Robert; Ferrari, Carlo; Chisari, Francis V.; Guidotti, Luca G.; Iannacone, Matteo title: Effector CD8+ T cell-derived interleukin-10 enhances acute liver immunopathology date: 2017-09-30 journal: Journal of Hepatology DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.04.020 sha: doc_id: 275104 cord_uid: imqmyqhz file: cache/cord-017948-fqhl1qb4.json key: cord-017948-fqhl1qb4 authors: Hu, Yuan title: Molecular Techniques for Blood and Blood Product Screening date: 2012-04-05 journal: Advanced Techniques in Diagnostic Microbiology DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-3970-7_28 sha: doc_id: 17948 cord_uid: fqhl1qb4 file: cache/cord-258665-8q3tsggm.json key: cord-258665-8q3tsggm authors: Aydın, Hakan Berk; Cheema, Jamal Ahmed; Ammanath, Gopal; Toklucu, Cihan; Yucel, Muge; Özenler, Sezer; Palaniappan, Alagappan; Liedberg, Bo; Yildiz, Umit Hakan title: Pixelated colorimetric nucleic acid assay date: 2020-03-01 journal: Talanta DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120581 sha: doc_id: 258665 cord_uid: 8q3tsggm file: cache/cord-297077-p604vvbi.json key: cord-297077-p604vvbi authors: Tai, Dar‐In; Jeng, Wen‐Juei; Lin, Chun‐Yen title: A global perspective on hepatitis B‐related single nucleotide polymorphisms and evolution during human migration date: 2017-11-06 journal: Hepatol Commun DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1113 sha: doc_id: 297077 cord_uid: p604vvbi file: cache/cord-016704-99v4brjf.json key: cord-016704-99v4brjf authors: Nicholson, Felicity title: Infectious Diseases: The Role of the Forensic Physician date: 2005 journal: Clinical Forensic Medicine DOI: 10.1385/1-59259-913-3:235 sha: doc_id: 16704 cord_uid: 99v4brjf file: cache/cord-265472-b1s4stvz.json key: cord-265472-b1s4stvz authors: Guimarães, Luísa Eça; Baker, Britain; Perricone, Carlo; Shoenfeld, Yehuda title: Vaccines, adjuvants and autoimmunity date: 2015-10-31 journal: Pharmacological Research DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.08.003 sha: doc_id: 265472 cord_uid: b1s4stvz file: cache/cord-002253-ll5a0urm.json key: cord-002253-ll5a0urm authors: Kunanopparat, Areerat; Kimkong, Ingorn; Palaga, Tanapat; Tangkijvanich, Pisit; Sirichindakul, Boonchoo; Hirankarn, Nattiya title: Increased ATG5-ATG12 in hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma and their role in apoptosis date: 2016-10-07 journal: World J Gastroenterol DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i37.8361 sha: doc_id: 2253 cord_uid: ll5a0urm file: cache/cord-307044-4czeehkq.json key: cord-307044-4czeehkq authors: Liu, Jiaye; Wang, Tingyan; Cai, Qingxian; Sun, Liqin; Huang, Deliang; Zhou, Guangde; He, Qing; Wang, Fu‐Sheng; Liu, Lei; Chen, Jun title: Longitudinal Changes of Liver Function and Hepatitis B Reactivation in COVID‐19 Patients with Pre‐existing Chronic HBV Infection date: 2020-08-06 journal: Hepatol Res DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13553 sha: doc_id: 307044 cord_uid: 4czeehkq file: cache/cord-026112-58sa5z03.json key: cord-026112-58sa5z03 authors: Dehghani-Dehej, Farzaneh; Hosseini, Zinat; Mortazkar, Poupak; Khanaliha, Khadijeh; Esghaei, Maryam; Fakhim, Atousa; Bokharaei-Salim, Farah title: Prevalence of HCV and/or HBV coinfection in Iranian HIV-infected patients date: 2020-04-24 journal: nan DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2019-0066 sha: doc_id: 26112 cord_uid: 58sa5z03 file: cache/cord-318570-wj7r6953.json key: cord-318570-wj7r6953 authors: Xiao, Yinzong; 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M.; Li, Peng-Hao; Zhou, Xiao-Ling; Xie, Qing-Dong; Xu, Xiao-Qing; Han, Ting-Ting; Hou, Zhi-Wei; Zhong, Chen-Yao; Huang, Ji-Hua; Zeng, Fei; Huang, Tian-Hua title: Host genes regulate transcription of sperm-introduced hepatitis B virus genes in embryo date: 2017-10-31 journal: Reproductive Toxicology DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.08.009 sha: doc_id: 296979 cord_uid: 8r851j4t file: cache/cord-312965-5hcb15xc.json key: cord-312965-5hcb15xc authors: Qi, Yan-fei; Zhang, Hong; Wang, Juan; Jiang, Yanfang; Li, Jinhua; Yuan, Ye; Zhang, Shiyao; Xu, Kun; Li, Yangguang; Li, Juan; Niu, Junqi; Wang, Enbo title: In vitro anti-hepatitis B and SARS virus activities of a titanium-substituted-heteropolytungstate date: 2011-11-23 journal: Antiviral Res DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2011.11.003 sha: doc_id: 312965 cord_uid: 5hcb15xc file: cache/cord-324984-ojrpsdt9.json key: cord-324984-ojrpsdt9 authors: Ji, Xingyue; Li, Zhuorong title: Medicinal chemistry strategies toward host targeting antiviral agents date: 2020-02-14 journal: Med Res Rev DOI: 10.1002/med.21664 sha: doc_id: 324984 cord_uid: ojrpsdt9 file: cache/cord-350393-j80k2v21.json key: cord-350393-j80k2v21 authors: Chen, Liping; Huang, Shaoping; Yang, Jingmao; Cheng, Xin; Shang, Zhiyin; Lu, Hongzhou; Cheng, Jilin title: Clinical characteristics in patients with SARS‐CoV‐2/HBV co‐infection date: 2020-07-15 journal: J Viral Hepat DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13362 sha: doc_id: 350393 cord_uid: j80k2v21 file: cache/cord-331731-c2r0kfaz.json key: cord-331731-c2r0kfaz authors: Anugwom, Chimaobi M; Aby, Elizabeth S; Debes, Jose D title: Inverse association between chronic hepatitis B infection and COVID-19: immune-exhaustion or coincidence? date: 2020-06-05 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa592 sha: doc_id: 331731 cord_uid: c2r0kfaz file: cache/cord-350964-0jtfc271.json key: cord-350964-0jtfc271 authors: Van Nguyen, Dung; Van Nguyen, Cuong; Bonsall, David; Ngo, Tue Tri; Carrique-Mas, Juan; Pham, Anh Hong; Bryant, Juliet E.; Thwaites, Guy; Baker, Stephen; Woolhouse, Mark; Simmonds, Peter title: Detection and Characterization of Homologues of Human Hepatitis Viruses and Pegiviruses in Rodents and Bats in Vietnam date: 2018-02-28 journal: Viruses DOI: 10.3390/v10030102 sha: doc_id: 350964 cord_uid: 0jtfc271 file: cache/cord-286334-d9v5xtx7.json key: cord-266105-8avkjc84 authors: Li, Qiang; Feng, Wei; Quan, Ying-Hui title: Trend and forecasting of the COVID-19 outbreak in China date: 2020-02-27 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.02.014 sha: doc_id: 266105 cord_uid: 8avkjc84 key: cord-286334-d9v5xtx7 authors: Li, Rui; Qiao, Songlin; Zhang, Gaiping title: Analysis of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) from different species sheds some light on cross-species receptor usage of a novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV date: 2020-04-30 journal: Journal of Infection DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.02.013 sha: doc_id: 286334 cord_uid: d9v5xtx7 file: cache/cord-333220-tcvs4beg.json key: cord-333220-tcvs4beg authors: Lee, Szu-Yuan; Huang, Jhen-Gang; Chuang, Tsung-Liang; Sheu, Jin-Chuan; Chuang, Yi-Kuang; Holl, Mark; Meldrum, Deirdre R.; Lee, Chun-Nan; Lin, Chii-Wann title: Compact optical diagnostic device for isothermal nucleic acids amplification date: 2008-08-12 journal: Sens Actuators B Chem DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2008.03.008 sha: doc_id: 333220 cord_uid: tcvs4beg file: cache/cord-320106-thre6r63.json key: cord-320106-thre6r63 authors: Xu, Zhihui; Ren, Xiaoqiang; Liu, Yan; Li, Xiaodong; Bai, Siyu; Zhong, Yanwei; Wang, Lin; Mao, Panyong; Wang, Huifen; Xin, Shaojie; Wong, Vincent Wai-Sun; Chan, Henry Lik-Yuen; Zoulim, Fabien; Xu, Dongping title: Association of hepatitis B virus mutations in basal core promoter and precore regions with severity of liver disease: an investigation of 793 Chinese patients with mild and severe chronic hepatitis B and acute-on-chronic liver failure date: 2010-09-17 journal: J Gastroenterol DOI: 10.1007/s00535-010-0315-4 sha: doc_id: 320106 cord_uid: thre6r63 file: cache/cord-351295-4toxlskr.json key: cord-351295-4toxlskr authors: Lanave, Gianvito; Capozza, Paolo; Diakoudi, Georgia; Catella, Cristiana; Catucci, Leonardo; Ghergo, Paola; Stasi, Fabio; Barrs, Vanessa; Beatty, Julia; Decaro, Nicola; Buonavoglia, Canio; Martella, Vito; Camero, Michele title: Identification of hepadnavirus in the sera of cats date: 2019-07-23 journal: Sci Rep DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47175-8 sha: doc_id: 351295 cord_uid: 4toxlskr file: cache/cord-340503-zwdewiu1.json key: cord-340503-zwdewiu1 authors: Mokhtarzadeh, Ahad; Eivazzadeh-Keihan, Reza; Pashazadeh, Paria; Hejazi, Maryam; Gharaatifar, Nasrin; Hasanzadeh, Mohammad; Baradaran, Behzad; de la Guardia, Miguel title: Nanomaterial-based biosensors for detection of pathogenic virus date: 2017-10-13 journal: Trends Analyt Chem DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.10.005 sha: doc_id: 340503 cord_uid: zwdewiu1 file: cache/cord-305085-bv7udg9k.json key: cord-305085-bv7udg9k authors: Lawrence, Robert M. title: Chapter 13 Transmission of Infectious Diseases Through Breast Milk and Breastfeeding date: 2011-12-31 journal: Breastfeeding DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4377-0788-5.10013-6 sha: doc_id: 305085 cord_uid: bv7udg9k file: cache/cord-331289-02411gfv.json key: cord-331289-02411gfv authors: Di Minno, Giovanni; Perno, Carlo Federico; Tiede, Andreas; Navarro, David; Canaro, Mariana; Güertler, Lutz; Ironside, James W. title: Current concepts in the prevention of pathogen transmission via blood/plasma-derived products for bleeding disorders() date: 2015-07-20 journal: Blood Rev DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2015.07.004 sha: doc_id: 331289 cord_uid: 02411gfv file: cache/cord-318853-mxyxwkhx.json key: cord-318853-mxyxwkhx authors: Sallie, Richard title: Replicative homeostasis II: Influence of polymerase fidelity on RNA virus quasispecies biology: Implications for immune recognition, viral autoimmunity and other "virus receptor" diseases date: 2005-08-22 journal: Virol J DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-2-70 sha: doc_id: 318853 cord_uid: mxyxwkhx file: cache/cord-344084-z4t2wkgk.json key: cord-344084-z4t2wkgk authors: Ellwanger, Joel Henrique; Kulmann-Leal, Bruna; Kaminski, Valéria de Lima; Rodrigues, Andressa Gonçalves; de Souza Bragatte, Marcelo Alves; Chies, José Artur Bogo title: Beyond HIV infection: neglected and varied impacts of CCR5 and CCR5Δ32 on viral diseases date: 2020-05-30 journal: Virus Res DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198040 sha: doc_id: 344084 cord_uid: z4t2wkgk file: cache/cord-274080-884x48on.json key: cord-274080-884x48on authors: Rumlová, Michaela; Ruml, Tomáš title: In vitro methods for testing antiviral drugs date: 2018-06-30 journal: Biotechnology Advances DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.12.016 sha: doc_id: 274080 cord_uid: 884x48on file: cache/cord-353467-wbtzvm4i.json key: cord-353467-wbtzvm4i authors: Lambert, Carsten; Thomé, Nicole; Kluck, Christoph J.; Prange, Reinhild title: Functional incorporation of green fluorescent protein into hepatitis B virus envelope particles date: 2004-12-05 journal: Virology DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2004.09.031 sha: doc_id: 353467 cord_uid: wbtzvm4i file: cache/cord-347710-ff64y6ef.json key: cord-347710-ff64y6ef authors: Wan, Qianya; Song, Dan; Li, Huangcan; He, Ming-liang title: Stress proteins: the biological functions in virus infection, present and challenges for target-based antiviral drug development date: 2020-07-13 journal: Signal Transduct Target Ther DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00233-4 sha: doc_id: 347710 cord_uid: ff64y6ef file: cache/cord-023346-8sqbqjm1.json key: cord-023346-8sqbqjm1 authors: nan title: MONDAY: POSTERS date: 2005-06-08 journal: Vox Sang DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2005.00652.x sha: doc_id: 23346 cord_uid: 8sqbqjm1 file: cache/cord-023364-ut56gczm.json key: cord-023364-ut56gczm authors: nan title: EDUCATION DAY MONDAY: PLENARY SESSION 1 MONDAY: PARALLEL SESSIONS date: 2005-06-08 journal: Vox Sang DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2005.00651.x sha: doc_id: 23364 cord_uid: ut56gczm file: cache/cord-023354-f2ciho6o.json key: cord-023354-f2ciho6o authors: nan title: TUESDAY PLENARY SESSION 3 TUESDAY: POSTERS date: 2005-06-08 journal: Vox Sang DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2005.00654.x sha: doc_id: 23354 cord_uid: f2ciho6o file: cache/cord-000083-3p81yr4n.json key: cord-000083-3p81yr4n authors: nan title: Poster Exhibition date: 2009-01-31 journal: Hepatol Int DOI: 10.1007/s12072-009-9123-4 sha: doc_id: 83 cord_uid: 3p81yr4n file: cache/cord-010092-uftc8inx.json key: cord-010092-uftc8inx authors: nan title: Abstract of 29th Regional Congress of the ISBT date: 2019-06-07 journal: Vox Sang DOI: 10.1111/vox.12792 sha: doc_id: 10092 cord_uid: uftc8inx file: cache/cord-010119-t1x9gknd.json key: cord-010119-t1x9gknd authors: nan title: Abstract Presentations from the AABB Annual Meeting San Diego, CA ctober 7‐10, 2017 date: 2017-09-04 journal: Transfusion DOI: 10.1111/trf.14286 sha: doc_id: 10119 cord_uid: t1x9gknd Reading metadata file and updating bibliogrpahics === updating bibliographic database Building study carrel named keyword-hbv-cord cp: cannot stat ‘/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/cord/pos/cord-266105-8avkjc84.pos’: No such file or directory cp: cannot stat ‘/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/cord/ent/cord-266105-8avkjc84.ent’: No such file or directory cp: cannot stat ‘/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/cord/wrd/cord-266105-8avkjc84.wrd’: No such file or directory === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 41008 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 78. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 78. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 78. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 78. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 77. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 77. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 40961 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 77. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 77. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 76. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 42170 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 42033 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 41041 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/cordpos2carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 41925 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/cordwrd2carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/cordpos2carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 43056 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 42719 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 41696 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 43038 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 42941 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 42550 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 43997 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 42938 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === Traceback (most recent call last): File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/indexes/base.py", line 2646, in get_loc return self._engine.get_loc(key) File "pandas/_libs/index.pyx", line 111, in pandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc File "pandas/_libs/index.pyx", line 138, in pandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc File "pandas/_libs/hashtable_class_helper.pxi", line 1619, in pandas._libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get_item File "pandas/_libs/hashtable_class_helper.pxi", line 1627, in pandas._libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get_item KeyError: 'cord-266105-8avkjc84' During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.py", line 64, in if ( bibliographics.loc[ escape ,'author'] ) : author = bibliographics.loc[ escape,'author'] File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/indexing.py", line 1762, in __getitem__ return self._getitem_tuple(key) File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/indexing.py", line 1272, in _getitem_tuple return self._getitem_lowerdim(tup) File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/indexing.py", line 1389, in _getitem_lowerdim section = self._getitem_axis(key, axis=i) File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/indexing.py", line 1965, in _getitem_axis return self._get_label(key, axis=axis) File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/indexing.py", line 625, in _get_label return self.obj._xs(label, axis=axis) File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/generic.py", line 3537, in xs loc = self.index.get_loc(key) File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/indexes/base.py", line 2648, in get_loc return self._engine.get_loc(self._maybe_cast_indexer(key)) File "pandas/_libs/index.pyx", line 111, in pandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc File "pandas/_libs/index.pyx", line 138, in pandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc File "pandas/_libs/hashtable_class_helper.pxi", line 1619, in pandas._libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get_item File "pandas/_libs/hashtable_class_helper.pxi", line 1627, in pandas._libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get_item KeyError: 'cord-266105-8avkjc84' /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 44304 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 43219 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 45134 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 45770 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 44640 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 45301 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 43671 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 43697 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 45046 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276565-vkbu581j author: He, Qing title: Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients With Pre-existing Hepatitis B Virus Infection: A Multicenter Report date: 2020-09-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276565-vkbu581j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276565-vkbu581j.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-276565-vkbu581j.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 47237 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 46878 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 46301 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 46864 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 46970 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 47359 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 46664 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-007562-4hcs0z65 author: Bijlenga, G. title: Proposal for vaccination against SARS coronavirus using avian infectious bronchitis virus strain H from The Netherlands date: 2005-07-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-007562-4hcs0z65.txt cache: ./cache/cord-007562-4hcs0z65.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-007562-4hcs0z65.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 45999 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 43966 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 47367 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 46531 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 46961 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 47988 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-004605-gsi4yxzj author: nan title: Prüfung und Deklaration der Wirksamkeit von Desinfektionsmitteln gegen Viren: Stellungnahme des Arbeitskreises Viruzidie* beim Robert Koch-Institut (RKI) sowie des Fachausschusses „Virusdesinfektion“ der Deutschen Gesellschaft zur Bekämpfung der Viruskrankheiten (DVV) und der Desinfektionsmittelkommission der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hygiene und Mikrobiologie (DGHM) date: 2004 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-004605-gsi4yxzj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-004605-gsi4yxzj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-004605-gsi4yxzj.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 47700 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 47963 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 43287 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280643-n8qjorqk author: Wu, Kai-Lang title: Inhibition of Hepatitis B virus gene expression by single and dual small interfering RNA treatment date: 2005-04-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280643-n8qjorqk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280643-n8qjorqk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-280643-n8qjorqk.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 44846 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-001247-pxzbirqd author: Sun, Lu title: A new unconventional HLA-A2-restricted epitope from HBV core protein elicits antiviral cytotoxic T lymphocytes date: 2014-03-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-001247-pxzbirqd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-001247-pxzbirqd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-001247-pxzbirqd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352988-9ey3ir5e author: Xiang, Yang-fei title: Effects of 1,2,4,6-tetra-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose from P. emblica on HBsAg and HBeAg secretion in HepG2.2.15 cell culture date: 2010-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352988-9ey3ir5e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352988-9ey3ir5e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-352988-9ey3ir5e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-003018-qrt07zmz author: Miyakawa, Kei title: Development of a cell-based assay to identify hepatitis B virus entry inhibitors targeting the sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide date: 2018-05-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-003018-qrt07zmz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-003018-qrt07zmz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-003018-qrt07zmz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-001515-x11t9pbv author: Kosinska, Anna D. title: Therapeutic vaccination and immunomodulation in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B: preclinical studies in the woodchuck date: 2014-12-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-001515-x11t9pbv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-001515-x11t9pbv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-001515-x11t9pbv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334150-t6n95laz author: PENG, LIANG title: Serum proteomics analysis and comparisons using iTRAQ in the progression of hepatitis B date: 2013-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334150-t6n95laz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334150-t6n95laz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-334150-t6n95laz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252586-fuaoelgb author: Phillips, Sandra title: Alisporivir Inhibition of Hepatocyte Cyclophilins Reduces HBV Replication and Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Production date: 2014-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252586-fuaoelgb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252586-fuaoelgb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-252586-fuaoelgb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-025634-31n5fvex author: Zhuge, Shurui title: The prevalence of occult HBV infection in immunized children with HBsAg-positive parents: a hospital-based analysis date: 2020-05-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-025634-31n5fvex.txt cache: ./cache/cord-025634-31n5fvex.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-025634-31n5fvex.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-002706-m3y35ozx author: Guo, Fang title: HBV core protein allosteric modulators differentially alter cccDNA biosynthesis from de novo infection and intracellular amplification pathways date: 2017-09-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-002706-m3y35ozx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-002706-m3y35ozx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-002706-m3y35ozx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300642-c7adeis1 author: Lai, Andrew SH title: Viral nephropathy date: 2006 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300642-c7adeis1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300642-c7adeis1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-300642-c7adeis1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-000736-6f8vyziv author: Pripuzova, Natalia title: Development of Real-Time PCR Array for Simultaneous Detection of Eight Human Blood-Borne Viral Pathogens date: 2012-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-000736-6f8vyziv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-000736-6f8vyziv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-000736-6f8vyziv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-002282-ldfa616a author: Joung, Young Hee title: The Last Ten Years of Advancements in Plant-Derived Recombinant Vaccines against Hepatitis B date: 2016-10-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-002282-ldfa616a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-002282-ldfa616a.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-002282-ldfa616a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-015941-4fz79wzf author: Hu, Yuan title: Molecular Techniques for Blood and Blood Product Screening date: 2018-11-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-015941-4fz79wzf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-015941-4fz79wzf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-015941-4fz79wzf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340503-zwdewiu1 author: Mokhtarzadeh, Ahad title: Nanomaterial-based biosensors for detection of pathogenic virus date: 2017-10-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340503-zwdewiu1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340503-zwdewiu1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-340503-zwdewiu1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-000794-l565gha4 author: Yan, Huan title: Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide is a functional receptor for human hepatitis B and D virus date: 2012-11-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-000794-l565gha4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-000794-l565gha4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-000794-l565gha4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-265472-b1s4stvz author: Guimarães, Luísa Eça title: Vaccines, adjuvants and autoimmunity date: 2015-10-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-265472-b1s4stvz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-265472-b1s4stvz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-265472-b1s4stvz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324984-ojrpsdt9 author: Ji, Xingyue title: Medicinal chemistry strategies toward host targeting antiviral agents date: 2020-02-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324984-ojrpsdt9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324984-ojrpsdt9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-324984-ojrpsdt9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344084-z4t2wkgk author: Ellwanger, Joel Henrique title: Beyond HIV infection: neglected and varied impacts of CCR5 and CCR5Δ32 on viral diseases date: 2020-05-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344084-z4t2wkgk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344084-z4t2wkgk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-344084-z4t2wkgk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274080-884x48on author: Rumlová, Michaela title: In vitro methods for testing antiviral drugs date: 2018-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274080-884x48on.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274080-884x48on.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-274080-884x48on.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286719-1xjmlwqr author: Draz, Mohamed Shehata title: Applications of gold nanoparticles in virus detection date: 2018-02-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286719-1xjmlwqr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286719-1xjmlwqr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 6 resourceName b'cord-286719-1xjmlwqr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-017012-yl0vanuh author: Herberg, Jethro title: Infectious Diseases and the Kidney date: 2009 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-017012-yl0vanuh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-017012-yl0vanuh.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-017012-yl0vanuh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-006856-b1w25ob5 author: nan title: 19th Meeting of the Austrian Society of Transplantation, Transfusion, and Genetics, October 26–28, 2005 date: 2005 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-006856-b1w25ob5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-006856-b1w25ob5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-006856-b1w25ob5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-027860-s97hdhh6 author: Zeimet, Anthony title: Infectious Diseases date: 2020-06-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-027860-s97hdhh6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-027860-s97hdhh6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-027860-s97hdhh6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275795-ee7qyw5h author: Monette, Anne title: T Lymphocytes as Measurable Targets of Protection and Vaccination Against Viral Disorders date: 2018-10-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275795-ee7qyw5h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275795-ee7qyw5h.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-275795-ee7qyw5h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-030369-4dn02a35 author: Peng, Liang title: Clinical Manifestations and Laboratory Tests of AECHB and Severe Hepatitis (Liver Failure) date: 2019-05-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-030369-4dn02a35.txt cache: ./cache/cord-030369-4dn02a35.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-030369-4dn02a35.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-032183-yqqqe325 author: Ning, Qin title: Antiviral Therapy for AECHB and Severe Hepatitis B (Liver Failure) date: 2019-05-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-032183-yqqqe325.txt cache: ./cache/cord-032183-yqqqe325.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-032183-yqqqe325.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-010088-s9tfvtao author: nan title: Oral Abstracts date: 2013-11-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-010088-s9tfvtao.txt cache: ./cache/cord-010088-s9tfvtao.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-010088-s9tfvtao.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347710-ff64y6ef author: Wan, Qianya title: Stress proteins: the biological functions in virus infection, present and challenges for target-based antiviral drug development date: 2020-07-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347710-ff64y6ef.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347710-ff64y6ef.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-347710-ff64y6ef.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305085-bv7udg9k author: Lawrence, Robert M. title: Chapter 13 Transmission of Infectious Diseases Through Breast Milk and Breastfeeding date: 2011-12-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305085-bv7udg9k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305085-bv7udg9k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-305085-bv7udg9k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-000083-3p81yr4n author: nan title: Poster Exhibition date: 2009-01-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-000083-3p81yr4n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-000083-3p81yr4n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 10 resourceName b'cord-000083-3p81yr4n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-023354-f2ciho6o author: nan title: TUESDAY PLENARY SESSION 3 TUESDAY: POSTERS date: 2005-06-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-023354-f2ciho6o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-023354-f2ciho6o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 21 resourceName b'cord-023354-f2ciho6o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-023346-8sqbqjm1 author: nan title: MONDAY: POSTERS date: 2005-06-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-023346-8sqbqjm1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-023346-8sqbqjm1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 23 resourceName b'cord-023346-8sqbqjm1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-023364-ut56gczm author: nan title: EDUCATION DAY MONDAY: PLENARY SESSION 1 MONDAY: PARALLEL SESSIONS date: 2005-06-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-023364-ut56gczm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-023364-ut56gczm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 11 resourceName b'cord-023364-ut56gczm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-010092-uftc8inx author: nan title: Abstract of 29th Regional Congress of the ISBT date: 2019-06-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-010092-uftc8inx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-010092-uftc8inx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 38 resourceName b'cord-010092-uftc8inx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-010119-t1x9gknd author: nan title: Abstract Presentations from the AABB Annual Meeting San Diego, CA ctober 7‐10, 2017 date: 2017-09-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-010119-t1x9gknd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-010119-t1x9gknd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 13 resourceName b'cord-010119-t1x9gknd.txt' Que is empty; done keyword-hbv-cord === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-007562-4hcs0z65 author = Bijlenga, G. title = Proposal for vaccination against SARS coronavirus using avian infectious bronchitis virus strain H from The Netherlands date = 2005-07-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1786 sentences = 105 flesch = 54 summary = title: Proposal for vaccination against SARS coronavirus using avian infectious bronchitis virus strain H from The Netherlands HBV DNA testing by NAT of all the collected units of blood should be adopted by all the blood banks, in order to possibly achieve zero risk of transfusion transmitted HBV infection and also to reduce the rejection rate of the precious units of collected blood by testing for anti HBc. The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003 has resulted in a number of infections and deaths among healthcare workers (HCWs) and those in contact with SARS-infected persons. Development and use of the H strain of avian infectious bronchitis virus from The Netherlands as a vaccine: a review Severe acute respiratory syndrome vaccine development: experiences of vaccination against avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus The carboxyl-terminal 120-residue polypeptide of infectious bronchitis virus nucleocapsid induces cytotoxic T lymphocytes and protect chickens from acute infection cache = ./cache/cord-007562-4hcs0z65.txt txt = ./txt/cord-007562-4hcs0z65.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-001247-pxzbirqd author = Sun, Lu title = A new unconventional HLA-A2-restricted epitope from HBV core protein elicits antiviral cytotoxic T lymphocytes date = 2014-03-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4630 sentences = 259 flesch = 55 summary = Our data therefore provide insights into the structure characteristics of this unconventional epitope binding to MHC-I molecules, as well as epitope specific CTL activity that orchestrate T cell response and immune evasion in HBV infected patients. To identify immune-dominant HBV-specific CTL epitopes, especially epitopes from HBc protein, is therefore necessary for monitoring T cell responses during disease progression, as well as for developing epitope-based therapeutic vaccines against CHB (Inchauspe and Michel, 2007; Gordon et al., 2013; Liu et al., 2013a, b) . To further determine the epitope-specific CTLs, fresh PBMCs from HLA-A2 + AHB patients were stimulated with HBc141-149 peptide and detected by ex vivo IFN-γ ELISPOT assays. In this study, we identified a new HLA-A2-restricted CD8 + T cell epitope HBc141-149 by screening an overlapping 9-mer peptide pool covering HBV core protein. cache = ./cache/cord-001247-pxzbirqd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-001247-pxzbirqd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-001515-x11t9pbv author = Kosinska, Anna D. title = Therapeutic vaccination and immunomodulation in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B: preclinical studies in the woodchuck date = 2014-12-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6390 sentences = 312 flesch = 37 summary = Several innovative approaches combining antiviral treatments using nucleos(t)ide analogues, with prime-boost vaccination using DNA vaccines, new hepadnaviral antigens or recombinant adenoviral vectors were tested in the woodchuck model. The woodchuck (Marmota monax) and its HBV-like woodchuck hepatitis virus are a useful preclinical animal model for developing new therapeutic approaches in chronic hepadnaviral infections. The woodchuck (Marmota monax) and its HBV-like woodchuck hepatitis virus are a useful preclinical animal model for developing new therapeutic approaches in chronic hepadnaviral infections. The results of these studies clearly showed that combination of antiviral treatment and vaccination is more effective in inducing virus-specific T cell responses than therapeutic vaccination alone. The DNA prime-AdV boost immunization strategy was further used as a therapeutic vaccine against chronic WHV infection in combination with antiviral treatment with ETV. T-helper cell response to woodchuck hepatitis virus antigens after therapeutic vaccination of chronically-infected animals treated with lamivudine cache = ./cache/cord-001515-x11t9pbv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-001515-x11t9pbv.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-000736-6f8vyziv author = Pripuzova, Natalia title = Development of Real-Time PCR Array for Simultaneous Detection of Eight Human Blood-Borne Viral Pathogens date = 2012-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6818 sentences = 328 flesch = 54 summary = FINDINGS: We developed a real-time PCR array capable of simultaneously detecting eight human viral pathogens: human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and -2), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human T-cell leukemia virus-1 and -2 (HTLV-1 and -2), vaccinia virus (VACV) and West Nile virus (WNV). The analytical sensitivity of each primer set was determined in the single virus testing using FDA/CBER panels (kindly provided by Dr. Stephen Kerby, FDA/CBER) consisting of various amounts of the viruses (0-1,000 genome copies/ml) spiked into the ''normal'' human plasma. The results of sensitivity testing of the real-time PCR array primer sets specific for HIV-1, HIV-2, HBV, HCV, and WNV the with FDA/CBER analytical plasma panels. Tm and C(t) values obtained with primer sets specific for HIV-1, HCV, or HBV in testing of 17 human clinical samples in the format of PCR array targeting eight different viruses. cache = ./cache/cord-000736-6f8vyziv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-000736-6f8vyziv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-003018-qrt07zmz author = Miyakawa, Kei title = Development of a cell-based assay to identify hepatitis B virus entry inhibitors targeting the sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide date = 2018-05-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5439 sentences = 280 flesch = 41 summary = Using a www.oncotarget.com flow cytometer-based screening assay with Dox-treated and untreated iNTCP cells, we identified a hybridoma clone producing anti-NTCP mAb, clone 9A8 ( Figure 2B ). To test whether the 9A8 antibody can inhibit HBV infection, we pretreated iNTCP cells and primary human hepatocytes with 9A8 mAb and subsequently infected cells with wild type HBV and HBV encoding a luciferase reporter gene (HBV-NL) [21] . iNTCP cells (G) and primary human hepatocytes (H) were infected with HBV or its reporter virus (HBV-NL) respectively, in the presence of 9A8 mAb. Anti-HBs mAb (clone 33A4, which recognizes the PreS1 domain) was used as a control. In this study, we generated iNTCP cells, which have high NTCP expression and high susceptibility to HBV infection, and also developed a monoclonal antibody (mAb) that recognizes cell-surface NTCP. Although primary hepatocytes express NTCP at low levels for the uptake of bile acids, endogenous NTCP in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines is not sufficient to achieve successful infection with HBV in vitro. cache = ./cache/cord-003018-qrt07zmz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-003018-qrt07zmz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-010088-s9tfvtao author = nan title = Oral Abstracts date = 2013-11-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 43522 sentences = 2257 flesch = 49 summary = These include 'incorrect blood component transfused' events, where the blood component was intended for another recipient (frequently due to errors in patient identification at the time of collection of the pre-transfusion sample, or at the time of bedside administration), or did not meet the patient's special needs (such as a patient with a red cell antibody who did not receive the required antigen-negative unit). Methods: Eligibility criteria for inclusion in the study included the following: transfusion of Rh D positive platelets, no anti D detectable before transfusion, no previous exposure to Rh D positive blood components, and results of follow-up testing of anti-D in patients serum available. In addition, the allelic frequency of Hpdel was calculated to be 0.015 by a genetic study of a limited number of the Japanese individuals, suggesting that Hp deficiency might distribute among the Japanese population as a phenotype of serum Hp. Aims: In this report, we present the results obtained from a hemovigilance survey carried out between 1998 and 2012, in which Hp deficiency was identified among Japanese patients who had experienced nonhemolytic TRs (NHTRs), and those obtained from a screening of Hp-deficient Japanese healthy blood donors. cache = ./cache/cord-010088-s9tfvtao.txt txt = ./txt/cord-010088-s9tfvtao.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-002706-m3y35ozx author = Guo, Fang title = HBV core protein allosteric modulators differentially alter cccDNA biosynthesis from de novo infection and intracellular amplification pathways date = 2017-09-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7399 sentences = 351 flesch = 42 summary = Interestingly, in addition to inhibiting nucleocapsid assembly and subsequent viral genome replication, we have now demonstrated that HAPs and SBAs differentially modulate the biosynthesis of covalently closed circular (ccc) DNA from de novo infection and intracellular amplification pathways by inducing disassembly of nucleocapsids derived from virions as well as double-stranded DNA-containing progeny nucleocapsids in the cytoplasm. Inspired by the observation that a small molecule compound targeting the capsid protein of dengue virus has dual effects on both the assembly and disassembly (or uncoating) of the viral capsids [22] , we hypothesized that HBV CpAMs may not only disrupt capsid assembly, but also alter the structure and function of assembled nucleocapsids and consequentially affect viral DNA replication and/or cccDNA synthesis. cache = ./cache/cord-002706-m3y35ozx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-002706-m3y35ozx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-017012-yl0vanuh author = Herberg, Jethro title = Infectious Diseases and the Kidney date = 2009 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 23980 sentences = 1301 flesch = 34 summary = Renal involvement in infectious diseases may occur by a variety of mechanisms: direct microbial invasion of the renal tissues or collecting system may take place in conditions such as staphylococcal abscess of the kidney as a result of septicemic spread of the organism or as a consequence of ascending infection; damage to the kidney may be caused by the systemic release of endotoxin or other toxins and activation of the inflammatory cascade during septicemia or by a focus of infection distant from the kidney; ischemic damage may result from inadequate perfusion induced by septic shock; the kidney may be damaged by activation of the immunologic pathways or by immune complexes resulting from the infectious process. However, in addition to this post-infection immunologically mediated disorder, in recent years there have been increasing reports of GAS causing acute renal failure as part of an invasive infection with many features of the staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome (28) . cache = ./cache/cord-017012-yl0vanuh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-017012-yl0vanuh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280643-n8qjorqk author = Wu, Kai-Lang title = Inhibition of Hepatitis B virus gene expression by single and dual small interfering RNA treatment date = 2005-04-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3749 sentences = 252 flesch = 60 summary = To circumvent the problem that mutation in HBV genome may result in resistance when siRNA is further developed as an anti-viral drug, in this study, we established a dual small interfering RNA (siRNA) expression system, which could simultaneously express two different siRNA molecules that can specifically target two genes. To test the effectiveness of this system, we applied this new approach to express simultaneously two different 21-bp hairpin siRNA duplexes that specifically attack the HBs and HBx genes of HBV, respectively, in Bel-7402 and HepG2.2.15 cells. Results indicated that dual siRNA could simultaneously inhibit the expression of HBs and HBx gene by 83.7% and 87.5%, respectively, based on luciferase assays. Results indicated that the levels of HBV core associ-ated DNA were significantly decreased in the cells transfected by HBSXsiRNA, HBS 1 siRNA, HBS 2 siRNA, and HBX 2 siRNA with reduction rate of 90.2%, 85.7 %, 81.3%, and 60.4%, respectively, compared with that of vector control (Fig. 5a) . cache = ./cache/cord-280643-n8qjorqk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280643-n8qjorqk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276565-vkbu581j author = He, Qing title = Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients With Pre-existing Hepatitis B Virus Infection: A Multicenter Report date = 2020-09-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 669 sentences = 40 flesch = 49 summary = title: Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients With Pre-existing Hepatitis B Virus Infection: A Multicenter Report There are no data yet focusing on the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in patients with underlying liver disease, such as hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Thus, it is indispensable to study the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients with preexisting HBV infection. Data were obtained from a cohort (coronavirus disease 2019-hepatitis B virus-Chinese Portal Hypertension Diagnosis and Monitoring Study Group, COVID-HBV-CHESS) to consecutively monitor COVID-19 patients in 10 designed hospitals of 8 provincial administrative regions in China ( Figure 1a ). In the COVID-HBV-CHESS study, we analyzed the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients with pre-existing HBV infection for the first time, to our best knowledge; only by multicenter analysis can we follow-up COVID-19 with underlying liver disease, such as HBV infection. cache = ./cache/cord-276565-vkbu581j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276565-vkbu581j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-004605-gsi4yxzj author = nan title = Prüfung und Deklaration der Wirksamkeit von Desinfektionsmitteln gegen Viren: Stellungnahme des Arbeitskreises Viruzidie* beim Robert Koch-Institut (RKI) sowie des Fachausschusses „Virusdesinfektion“ der Deutschen Gesellschaft zur Bekämpfung der Viruskrankheiten (DVV) und der Desinfektionsmittelkommission der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hygiene und Mikrobiologie (DGHM) date = 2004 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1984 sentences = 279 flesch = 44 summary = title: Prüfung und Deklaration der Wirksamkeit von Desinfektionsmitteln gegen Viren: Stellungnahme des Arbeitskreises Viruzidie* beim Robert Koch-Institut (RKI) sowie des Fachausschusses „Virusdesinfektion" der Deutschen Gesellschaft zur Bekämpfung der Viruskrankheiten (DVV) und der Desinfektionsmittelkommission der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hygiene und Mikrobiologie (DGHM) Ziel dieses Arbeitskreises war es, wissenschaftlich begründete Anforderungen an die Prüfung der Wirksamkeit von Desinfektionsmitteln gegen Viren und die entsprechenden Prüfmethoden als Voraussetzung für eine sachgerechte Deklaration zusammenzustellen. Die Deklaration "begrenzt viruzid" erfolgt künftig, wie im Folgenden begründet, auf der Basis von Prüfungen unter Verwendung relevanter Testviren, die den Rückschluss auf die Wirksamkeit auch gegen HIV, HCV und HBV zulassen. Auch die Auslobung der Wirksamkeit gegen HIV setzt eine Prüfung unter Verwendung von HIV in Zellkulturen voraus, welche jedoch aufgrund der Gefährlichkeit des Virus (Schutzstufe 3) nicht erstrebenswert ist. cache = ./cache/cord-004605-gsi4yxzj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-004605-gsi4yxzj.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-002282-ldfa616a author = Joung, Young Hee title = The Last Ten Years of Advancements in Plant-Derived Recombinant Vaccines against Hepatitis B date = 2016-10-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8136 sentences = 449 flesch = 42 summary = Another important advantage as emerging vaccine is the more effective activation of key aspects of the immune response to achieve potent immune stimulation and to provide immunological memory for long-lasting protection [22, 23] Plant-based platforms including whole plant, organs or cell and expression technology to produce target antigens of interest are diverse [38] [39] [40] . In the case of plant-derived HBV vaccines, the first report was on the expression of the small hepatitis B surface antigen (S-HBsAg) in transgenic tobacco plants. In the transgenic tobacco plant transformed with the S-HBsAg gene controlled by the 35S promoter, expression levels were very low: less than 0.01% total soluble protein and less than 10 ng/g fresh weight in leaf tissues. Expression of the human hepatitis B virus large surface antigen gene in transgenic tomato plants Oral immunization of human with transgenic lettuce expressing hepatitis B surface antigen cache = ./cache/cord-002282-ldfa616a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-002282-ldfa616a.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252586-fuaoelgb author = Phillips, Sandra title = Alisporivir Inhibition of Hepatocyte Cyclophilins Reduces HBV Replication and Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Production date = 2014-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5530 sentences = 296 flesch = 47 summary = METHODS: Liver-derived cell lines producing full-length HBV and HBsAg particles, owing to stable (HepG2215) or transient (HuH-7) transfection, or infected with HBV (HepaRG cells; Invitrogen [Carlsbad, CA]), were incubated with alisporivir or NIM811 alone, or alisporivir in combination with a direct antiviral (telbivudine). Alisporivir treatment of HepG2215 cells resulted in a progressive reduction of secreted and intracellular, nucleocapsid-associated HBV DNA dependent on both drug concentration and time of drug exposure ( Figure 1A and B). NIM811 treatment of HepG2215 and of HepaRG cells also reduced the secreted and intracellular nucleocapsidassociated HBV DNA, however, its antiviral effect was lower than alisporivir (Supplementary Figure 3) . As stated earlier, alisporivir at 5 mg/mL reduced intracellular HBV-DNA levels by 73% and 58% in HuH-7 and HepG2215 cells, respectively, after 72 hours of treatment ( Figure 1B and D) . cache = ./cache/cord-252586-fuaoelgb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252586-fuaoelgb.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-025634-31n5fvex author = Zhuge, Shurui title = The prevalence of occult HBV infection in immunized children with HBsAg-positive parents: a hospital-based analysis date = 2020-05-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3985 sentences = 216 flesch = 52 summary = title: The prevalence of occult HBV infection in immunized children with HBsAg-positive parents: a hospital-based analysis BACKGROUND AND OBJECT: The risk of occult HBV infection (OBI) in children whose mothers are HBV carriers has received more widespread attention, but there were few reports to focus on the children with HBsAg-positive parents. In this study, we aimed at exploring the prevalence of OBI in hepatitis B-vaccinated children with HBV-positive mothers and/or fathers, trying to identify the risk factors of OBI. Forty-six [14.10% (95% CI 10.3-17.9%)] HBsAg-negative children were detected HBV DNA positive by nested PCR, which were confirmed through sequencing analysis. To our acknowledgement, this is the first study to explore the prevalence of OBI among hepatitis B vaccinated children with HBsAg-positive parents lived in HBV highly endemic areas. There is an equal potential risk of occult HBV infection in children with the HBsAg-positive father and mother. cache = ./cache/cord-025634-31n5fvex.txt txt = ./txt/cord-025634-31n5fvex.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-265472-b1s4stvz author = Guimarães, Luísa Eça title = Vaccines, adjuvants and autoimmunity date = 2015-10-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 14633 sentences = 821 flesch = 40 summary = In conclusion, there are several case reports of autoimmune diseases following vaccines, however, due to the limited number of cases, the different classifications of symptoms and the long latency period of the diseases, every attempt for an epidemiological study has so far failed to deliver a connection. We can infer that a similar response may be associated with different safety in relation to the development of autoimmune reactions to vaccines, particularly in the patients with genetic predisposition to an enhanced response to vaccine inoculation [85] . HSP was associated with seasonal influenza, influenza A (H1N1), pneumococcal and meningococcal disease, hepatitis A virus (HAV), HBV, anti-human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccines, and following multiple combinations of vaccines, such as typhoid, cholera and yellow fever [139, [171] [172] [173] . Hepatitis B vaccination and undifferentiated connective tissue disease: another brick in the wall of the autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (Asia) cache = ./cache/cord-265472-b1s4stvz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-265472-b1s4stvz.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-000794-l565gha4 author = Yan, Huan title = Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide is a functional receptor for human hepatitis B and D virus date = 2012-11-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 13364 sentences = 698 flesch = 54 summary = Here, by using near zero distance photo-cross-linking and tandem affinity purification, we revealed that the receptor-binding region of pre-S1 specifically interacts with sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP), a multiple transmembrane transporter predominantly expressed in the liver. Photoreactive ligand peptides for identification of interacting protein(s) of pre-S1 domain of L envelope protein To identify the pre-S1 interacting molecule(s), we employed a photo-cross-linking approach using a synthetic peptide derived from the native pre-S1 peptide with particular residues replaced by eLife digest Liver diseases related to the human hepatitis B virus (HBV) kill about 1 million people every year, and more than 350 million people around the world are infected with the virus. In this study, by employing a unique approach of tandem affinity purification combined with MS analysis against a Tupaia hepatocyte proteome database established by deep sequencing, we revealed that the liver bile acid transporter, NTCP, specifically interacts with a key region in the pre-S1 domain of the HBV envelope L protein. cache = ./cache/cord-000794-l565gha4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-000794-l565gha4.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-015941-4fz79wzf author = Hu, Yuan title = Molecular Techniques for Blood and Blood Product Screening date = 2018-11-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7210 sentences = 381 flesch = 50 summary = Through the application of molecular biology, biological and biochemical analyses have been revolutionized, and nucleic acid, gene-based techniques have been developed to screen blood and plasma donations for evidence of very recent and earlier viral infections that might otherwise be missed by conventional serologic testing. Because NAT detects a virus's genetic material instead of waiting for the body's response, the formation of antibodies, as with many current tests, it offers the opportunity to reduce the window period during which an infecting agent is undetectable by traditional tests [21] , thus further improving blood safety. One reason for this is that currently available blood screening technologies detect core antibodies or surface antigens, which appear up to 8 weeks after infection. The anti-HBc test developed in 1987 detects an antibody to the hepatitis B virus that is produced during and after infection. Detection of HIV-1 and HCV infections among antibody-negative blood donors by nucleic acid-amplification testing cache = ./cache/cord-015941-4fz79wzf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-015941-4fz79wzf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-027860-s97hdhh6 author = Zeimet, Anthony title = Infectious Diseases date = 2020-06-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 28925 sentences = 1728 flesch = 45 summary = Although common upper respiratory bacterial pathogens, such as Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae, may be isolated from patients with acute bronchitis, their relevance is questionable because these bacteria can be present in the respiratory tract of healthy individuals. In the treatment of Bordetella pertussis, early administration of a macrolide antibiotic and patient isolation will likely decrease coughing paroxysms and limit spread of disease (Braman, 2006) (SOR: A). Risk factors for Pseudomonas infection include severe structural lung disease (e.g., bronchiectasis) and recent antibiotic therapy, health care-associated exposures or stay in hospital (especially in the ICU). Patients who present with severe infection or whose infection is progressing despite empiric antibiotic therapy should be treated more aggressively; the treatment strategy should be based on results of appropriate Gram stain, culture, and drug susceptibility analysis. For suspected MRSA skin infections, oral treatment options include trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, clindamycin, and doxycycline of purulent material when performing incision and drainage in the event that the patient fails to improve and antibiotic coverage becomes necessary. cache = ./cache/cord-027860-s97hdhh6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-027860-s97hdhh6.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-006856-b1w25ob5 author = nan title = 19th Meeting of the Austrian Society of Transplantation, Transfusion, and Genetics, October 26–28, 2005 date = 2005 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 29625 sentences = 1983 flesch = 52 summary = Egr-1 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) gene expression was examined in left ventricular biopsies of explanted failing hearts in 28 ICM and 42 DCM patients, as well as in 12 donor grafts before reperfusion (control), at 10, 30, 60 minutes after reperfusion, and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12 posttransplant weeks, using real-time RT-PCR. The risk of transplant-related mortality (TRM) due to graft-versushost disease (GvHD) is higher in male recipients of female stem cells compared with female patients receiving a graft from a female donor. We therefore analyzed a single-center cohort of 72 high-risk patients transplanted with a related or unrelated stem cell graft after nonmyeloablative conditioning for outcome (acute and chronic GvHD, TRM, relapse, and survival). Four patients between the age of 34 and 44 years underwent allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) transplantation (SCT) from HLA-identical sibling or unrelated donors at our institution. cache = ./cache/cord-006856-b1w25ob5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-006856-b1w25ob5.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300642-c7adeis1 author = Lai, Andrew SH title = Viral nephropathy date = 2006 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4745 sentences = 318 flesch = 35 summary = 6 In hepatitis C virus (HCV)-induced mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis (MCGN), production of circulating cryo globulins is induced as an abnormal host response to infection. 7 In acute renal failure associated with infection by hantavirus or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, the pathogenetic mechanisms of interstitial nephritis, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, and multiorgan failure-rather than formation of immune complexes-are predominant. 24, 34 In a recent analysis comparing 10 adult nephrotic patients with HBV-related membranous nephropathy who received lamivudine with 12 matched historical control subjects who presented in the pre-lamivudine era, lamivudine significantly improved proteinuria, aminotransferase levels, and renal outcome over a 3-year period. The FSGS variant of HIVAN is the most commonly reported chronic renal disease associated with HIV infection. 58 Most patients with HIV-associated thrombotic microangiopathy/hemolytic uremic syndrome present with acute renal failure, microscopic hematuria, and non-nephrotic proteinuria. Membranous glomerulonephritis associated with hepatitis C virus infection: case report and literature review cache = ./cache/cord-300642-c7adeis1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300642-c7adeis1.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352988-9ey3ir5e author = Xiang, Yang-fei title = Effects of 1,2,4,6-tetra-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose from P. emblica on HBsAg and HBeAg secretion in HepG2.2.15 cell culture date = 2010-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1170 sentences = 72 flesch = 55 summary = A polyphenolic compound, 1,2,4,6-tetra-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose (1246TGG), was isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine Phyllanthus emblica L. Results indicates that treatment with 1246TGG (6.25 μg/mL, 3.13 μg/mL), reduced both HBsAg and HBeAg levels in culture supernatant, yet the inhibitory effects tend to decline with the assay time. Here, we investigated the anti-HBV activity of 1246TGG by detecting the HBsAg and HBeAg secretion levels in HepG2.2.15 cell culture, a cell line derived by transfection of cloned HBV DNA into human hepatoblastoma cell line HepG2 and used to assay for anti-HBV agents [4] . To determine the inhibitory effects of 1246TGG on HBV antigen secretion, cells were treated with 1246TGG at concentrations of 6.25µg/mL and 3.13µg/mL every 3 d during the 10 d treatment period. A cell culture assay for compounds which inhibit hepatitis B virus replication cache = ./cache/cord-352988-9ey3ir5e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352988-9ey3ir5e.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334150-t6n95laz author = PENG, LIANG title = Serum proteomics analysis and comparisons using iTRAQ in the progression of hepatitis B date = 2013-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3190 sentences = 152 flesch = 44 summary = The aim of this study was to analyze the changes in serum protein levels in the progression of hepatitis B using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) analysis, in addition to comparing the serum protein levels of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), patients with hepatitis B virus-induced acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-induced ACLF) and normal individuals. Five of those proteins, C-reactive protein precursor, hemoglobin β chain variant Hb S-Wake, apolipoprotein J precursor, platelet factor 4 precursor and vitronectin, which demonstrated the greatest differences in their expression levels and the most significant correlation with liver diseases, were subsequently verified using western blotting. The purpose of this study was to analyze serum protein levels using iTRAQ in normal controls, as well as patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and HBV-induced ACLF, and to verify those results using western blotting. The aim of this study was to describe the changes in serum protein levels in patients with CHB and HBV-induced ACLF, respectively, compared with healthy controls using iTRAQ and western blotting. cache = ./cache/cord-334150-t6n95laz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334150-t6n95laz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286719-1xjmlwqr author = Draz, Mohamed Shehata title = Applications of gold nanoparticles in virus detection date = 2018-02-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 18990 sentences = 901 flesch = 37 summary = The developed AuNP-based detection techniques are reported for various groups of clinically relevant viruses with a special focus on the applied types of bio-AuNP hybrid structures, virus detection targets, and assay modalities and formats. These techniques represent the majority of molecular techniques applied in virus detection and include various types of target amplification techniques (e.g., PCR, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), transcription-mediated amplification, and nucleic acid sequence-based amplification), signal amplification techniques (e.g., branched DNA and hybrid capture), and probe amplification techniques (e.g., ligase chain reaction and strand-displacement amplification). [70] developed an impedimetric electrochemical assay for the detection of AIV M gene sequences based on measuring changes in the impedimetric behavior of the electrode when the target DNA hybridizes with the capture DNA probes immobilized onto its surface and is subsequently labeled by AuNPs via streptavidin/ biotin interaction (Fig. 12C) . cache = ./cache/cord-286719-1xjmlwqr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286719-1xjmlwqr.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275795-ee7qyw5h author = Monette, Anne title = T Lymphocytes as Measurable Targets of Protection and Vaccination Against Viral Disorders date = 2018-10-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 28265 sentences = 1205 flesch = 38 summary = We focus on immunity generated against both natural infection and vaccination, where a steady shift in conferred vaccination immunogenicity is observed from quantifying activated and proliferating, long-lived effector memory T cell subsets, as the prominent biomarkers of long-term immunity against viruses and their associated disorders causing high morbidity and mortality rates. Since that time, the occurrence of epidemics and outbreaks are now at lower risk, following the introduction of massive vaccination programs able to induce immune system targeting of viruses causing severe disorders affecting distinct geographical locations, and with many epidemiological reports demonstrating long-term efficacy of viral control of non-naïve populations. This approach is being developed to use virus-infected cell-killing antibodies that produce an antiviral environment; these termed antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)-mediating antibodies, which are predicted to link innate and adaptive immune responses, and is becoming possible due to new technologies for rapid isolation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies targeting conserved regions of influenza virus, reviewed in Jegaskanda et al. cache = ./cache/cord-275795-ee7qyw5h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275795-ee7qyw5h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-032183-yqqqe325 author = Ning, Qin title = Antiviral Therapy for AECHB and Severe Hepatitis B (Liver Failure) date = 2019-05-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 32675 sentences = 1658 flesch = 43 summary = Patients awaiting liver transplantation because of HBV-related end-stage liver disease or liver cancer should be given nucleoside analogues with strong HBV inhibition and low drug-resistance, or nucleotides analogues combination treatment, in order to reduce viral load and prevent graft re-infection. The objective of antiviral treatment for HBV-ACLF is to reduce viral load at an appreciably high rate, thereby promoting reduction in hepatocyte cell death and improved survival outcomes by prevention of decompensation related multiorgan complications in this group of severely ill patients. Response-Guided Therapy 4006 study [126] suggested continuous treatment with LAM (10 years) delayed clinical progression in patients with chronic hepatitis and advanced fibrosis by significantly reducing the incidence of the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatic decompensation. cache = ./cache/cord-032183-yqqqe325.txt txt = ./txt/cord-032183-yqqqe325.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-030369-4dn02a35 author = Peng, Liang title = Clinical Manifestations and Laboratory Tests of AECHB and Severe Hepatitis (Liver Failure) date = 2019-05-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 35858 sentences = 1603 flesch = 38 summary = Once pulmonary infection is present, the disease condition will likely deteriorate, directly causing death; (3) a majority of infections are nosocomial infection, and pathogens are usually resistant to common antibiotics, making therapy challenging; (4) the pathogens causing infection are diverse but mainly Gram-negative bacteria, although the incidence of Gram-positive and fungal infections is increasing; (5) infection is closely related to the prognosis for liver failure patients. Although their clinical manifestation differ significantly, the "coexistence of acute and chronic failures" is shared by failures of all those organs; (2) CLF classification has been generally recognized at home and abroad, and the necessity of classification are further proved by the difference between CLF and the other three types; (3) CLF cases are relatively large in proportion (nearly 30%), which is still increasing (since the proportion of ALF/SALF are lowering); (4) Complications of CLF are common and are found in various forms, with bad prognosis; (5) In CLF patients with correlation to HBV, virus replication are commonly found, which is closely related to decompensation. cache = ./cache/cord-030369-4dn02a35.txt txt = ./txt/cord-030369-4dn02a35.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324984-ojrpsdt9 author = Ji, Xingyue title = Medicinal chemistry strategies toward host targeting antiviral agents date = 2020-02-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 16814 sentences = 825 flesch = 43 summary = In addition, host proteins are not under the genetic control of viral genome, and hence HTAs possess much higher genetic barrier to drug resistance as compared with DAAs. In recent years, much progress has been made to the development of HTAs with the approval of chemokine receptor type 5 antagonist maraviroc for human immunodeficiency virus treatment and more in the pipeline for other viral infections. 3 Altogether, targeting host factors is a very promising strategy with possibility to address the critical challenges faced with the DAAs. In this review, we summarize the recent advances made in HTAs from a medicinal chemistry standpoint, and the host targets are generally classified into three different categories based on the development stage of their corresponding inhibitors/modulators, namely the ones which reached Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval, that have entered clinical trials and those in preclinical studies. cache = ./cache/cord-324984-ojrpsdt9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324984-ojrpsdt9.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340503-zwdewiu1 author = Mokhtarzadeh, Ahad title = Nanomaterial-based biosensors for detection of pathogenic virus date = 2017-10-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7710 sentences = 401 flesch = 42 summary = Electron microscopy Viral particle Hours Broad spectrum; rapid method Necessity for presence of around 10 6 virus particles/mL for detection; similarity of morphologies [11] Hemagglutination assay Viral protein Hours Easy; inexpensive Poor sensitivity; necessity for fresh reagents [12] ELISA Viral protein Hours Only one incubation step; no hook effect at high analyte concentrations Limited concentration range in which the analyte can be quantified without sample dilution; and that the antigen or antibody produce the same response and not distinguishable in a one step [13] PCR Viral nucleic acid Hours Extremely high sensitivity; Easy to set up Extremely liable to contamination; Not easy to quantitate results; High degree of operator skill required [14] As an example for HIV, a type of virus that gradually attacks the immune system and makes it harder to fight off infections and diseases in infected body, a QDs-based rapid capture and imaging system was developed by Kim et al. cache = ./cache/cord-340503-zwdewiu1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340503-zwdewiu1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305085-bv7udg9k author = Lawrence, Robert M. title = Chapter 13 Transmission of Infectious Diseases Through Breast Milk and Breastfeeding date = 2011-12-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 45849 sentences = 2358 flesch = 45 summary = Postnatal exposure of susceptible infants to CMV, including premature infants without passively acquired maternal antibodies against CMV, infants born to CMV-seronegative mothers, and immunodeficient infants, can cause significant clinical illness (pneumonitis, hepatitis, thrombocytopenia).* In one study of premature infants followed up to 12 months, Vochem et al 430 found CMV transmission in 17 of 29 infants (59%) exposed to CMV virolactia and breastfed compared with no infants infected of 27 exposed to breast milk without CMV. 38, 104, 121 Laboratory reports demonstrate the presence of cell-free virus and cell-associated virus in breast milk as well as various immunologic factors that could block or limit infection.* A dose-response relationship has been observed, correlating the HIV viral load in human milk as well as a mother' s plasma viral load with an increased transmission risk for the breastfed infant. 76 No case of transmission of yellow fever virus from an infected mother to her infant via breastfeeding or breast milk has been reported. cache = ./cache/cord-305085-bv7udg9k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305085-bv7udg9k.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344084-z4t2wkgk author = Ellwanger, Joel Henrique title = Beyond HIV infection: neglected and varied impacts of CCR5 and CCR5Δ32 on viral diseases date = 2020-05-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 15735 sentences = 840 flesch = 45 summary = The genetic variant CCR5Δ32 (32 base-pair deletion in CCR5 gene) impairs CCR5 expression on the cell surface and is associated with protection against HIV infection in homozygous individuals. In this context, this review discusses the involvement of CCR5 and the effects of the CCR5Δ32 in human infections caused by the following pathogens: West Nile virus, Influenza virus, Human papillomavirus, Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus, Poliovirus, Dengue virus, Human cytomegalovirus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, Enterovirus, Japanese encephalitis virus, and Hantavirus. In agreement with studies showing that CCR5Δ32 homozygous genotype is a risk factor for symptomatic WNV infection in humans, Ccr5-/-WNV-infected mice showed a reduced capacity of viral control, increased disease severity, impaired leukocyte trafficking towards the brain, and high mortality rates than Ccr5 wild-type mice. In conclusion, although tissue analysis and evidence obtained in vitro suggest that the CCR5 is potentially involved in the pathogenesis of HPV, most studies point to a lack of involvement of CCR5Δ32 in susceptibility to HPV infection or HPV-associated diseases. cache = ./cache/cord-344084-z4t2wkgk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344084-z4t2wkgk.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274080-884x48on author = Rumlová, Michaela title = In vitro methods for testing antiviral drugs date = 2018-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 17989 sentences = 941 flesch = 41 summary = For the majority of animal viruses, the activation of these fusion or penetration mechanisms occurs through conformational changes and structural rearrangements in viral surface proteins and/or the whole virion shell that may destabilize the capsid core. D: Three mechanisms (I.-III.) of DNA viruses replication are shown: (I): Following entry and uncoating, the DNA genome is transported to the nucleus; products of early genes (regulatory proteins, transcription factors) regulate the synthesis of viral enzymes (e.g. DNA polymerase) required for genome replication; expression of late genes encoding structural capsid proteins in the cytosol, they are then transported into nucleus where packaging and pre-assembly take place; preassembled procapsids exit the nucleus and leave the cell (e.g. Herpesviruses). Here, we provide an overview of in vitro methods, including cell-based assays, that may be suitable for screening of antivirotics that interfere with the key steps of viral life cycles and target either virus or cell-encoded proteins required for the infectivity. cache = ./cache/cord-274080-884x48on.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274080-884x48on.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347710-ff64y6ef author = Wan, Qianya title = Stress proteins: the biological functions in virus infection, present and challenges for target-based antiviral drug development date = 2020-07-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 36567 sentences = 2487 flesch = 46 summary = hnRNPs involve in a large number of cellular processes, including chromatin remodelling, transcription regulation, RNP assembly and stabilization, RNA export, virus replication, histone-like nucleoid structuring, and even intracellular immunity. 6, 13 It is well known that Hsp90 not only interacts and contributes to RNA polymerase assembly and nuclear import of some (−) ssRNA viruses (e.g., PB2 of influenza virus), but plays crucial roles in the folding process of viral capsid proteins and virion assemblies as well. 17, 18 As a critical component of cellular protein surveillance, the ATP-dependent molecular chaperone protects cells from damage caused by stress and takes part in a number of folding processes, including folding of newly synthesized polypeptides, recognition and refolding of misfolded or aggregated proteins, solubilization or degradation of proteins, transporting proteins, assembly or disassembly of oligomeric protein complexes, and the regulation of certain natively folded proteins. cache = ./cache/cord-347710-ff64y6ef.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347710-ff64y6ef.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-023346-8sqbqjm1 author = nan title = MONDAY: POSTERS date = 2005-06-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 130043 sentences = 7330 flesch = 54 summary = • enhancement of automation/computerisation; • process control to provide an 'error-free pathway'; • (national) surveillance and trend analysis of results, preferably based on national working standards; • significantly increased sensitivity, especially from development of antigen/antibody 'combi' assays (e.g. for HIV, and recently, for HCV); • awareness of HBsAg vaccine-escape mutants and design of assays to cope with this; • extension of range of agents and markers tested for (varies in different countries); • increasing range of assays available for testing donors with a relevant history of exposure to malaria or Chagas' disease infection (for retrieval of otherwise wasted blood); • European Union's in vitro diagnostics directive: this has caused some problems and reduced flexibility. cache = ./cache/cord-023346-8sqbqjm1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-023346-8sqbqjm1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-023364-ut56gczm author = nan title = EDUCATION DAY MONDAY: PLENARY SESSION 1 MONDAY: PARALLEL SESSIONS date = 2005-06-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 130049 sentences = 7334 flesch = 54 summary = • enhancement of automation/computerisation; • process control to provide an 'error-free pathway'; • (national) surveillance and trend analysis of results, preferably based on national working standards; • significantly increased sensitivity, especially from development of antigen/antibody 'combi' assays (e.g. for HIV, and recently, for HCV); • awareness of HBsAg vaccine-escape mutants and design of assays to cope with this; • extension of range of agents and markers tested for (varies in different countries); • increasing range of assays available for testing donors with a relevant history of exposure to malaria or Chagas' disease infection (for retrieval of otherwise wasted blood); • European Union's in vitro diagnostics directive: this has caused some problems and reduced flexibility. cache = ./cache/cord-023364-ut56gczm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-023364-ut56gczm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-000083-3p81yr4n author = nan title = Poster Exhibition date = 2009-01-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 112815 sentences = 7542 flesch = 56 summary = R. China Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the early virologic response for prediction of achievement of HBeAg seroconversion and hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA negativity after two years of lamivudine treatment in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. Methods: A total of 620 patients who tested positive for hepatitis B surface antigen and were referred to Chiba University Hospital between February 1985 and March 2008 were included in the study, and their following characteristics were analyzed: age, gender, the status of HBeAg, ALT, HBV-DNA level, and PLT. Methods: A total of 60 patients with chronic hepatitis B, 32 (53.3%) were HBeAg positive (group A) while 28(46.7%) were HBeAg negative (group B) were included in this study after meeting the following criteria: age 18 to 60 years, HBsAg positive for more than 6 months, serum HBV-DNA was >5 log(10) copies/mL and ALT more than two times the upper normal limit. cache = ./cache/cord-000083-3p81yr4n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-000083-3p81yr4n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-010092-uftc8inx author = nan title = Abstract of 29th Regional Congress of the ISBT date = 2019-06-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 233304 sentences = 13171 flesch = 54 summary = Prospective testing of blood donations in endemic areas of the U.S. revealed 0.38% of donors were positive for Babesia DNA or antibodies (Moritz, NEJM, 2016) Aims: -To report results of ongoing Babesia clinical trial -To explain significance of Babesia as a TT infection Methods: In cobas â Babesia for use on the cobas â 6800/8800 Systems, is a qualitative polymerase chain reaction nucleic acid amplification test, developed to detect in whole blood (WB) donor samples the 4 Babesia species that cause human disease: B. In sensitivity analyses, there were two discrepant results for HIV testing, three for HCV, and five for anti-HBc. Summary/Conclusions: Elecsys â infectious disease parameters on the cobas e 801 analyser demonstrate high specificity/sensitivity for screening first-time blood donor samples, with similar clinical performance to other commercially available assays. cache = ./cache/cord-010092-uftc8inx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-010092-uftc8inx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-023354-f2ciho6o author = nan title = TUESDAY PLENARY SESSION 3 TUESDAY: POSTERS date = 2005-06-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 130046 sentences = 7333 flesch = 54 summary = • enhancement of automation/computerisation; • process control to provide an 'error-free pathway'; • (national) surveillance and trend analysis of results, preferably based on national working standards; • significantly increased sensitivity, especially from development of antigen/antibody 'combi' assays (e.g. for HIV, and recently, for HCV); • awareness of HBsAg vaccine-escape mutants and design of assays to cope with this; • extension of range of agents and markers tested for (varies in different countries); • increasing range of assays available for testing donors with a relevant history of exposure to malaria or Chagas' disease infection (for retrieval of otherwise wasted blood); • European Union's in vitro diagnostics directive: this has caused some problems and reduced flexibility. cache = ./cache/cord-023354-f2ciho6o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-023354-f2ciho6o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-010119-t1x9gknd author = nan title = Abstract Presentations from the AABB Annual Meeting San Diego, CA ctober 7‐10, 2017 date = 2017-09-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 230193 sentences = 13234 flesch = 55 summary = Conclusion: The wide distribution in the concentration of bioactive lipids among 405 stored RBC units suggests that lipid degradation is highly donor-Background/Case Studies: To ensure availability of biological products to hospitals, blood banks have developed and validated multiple storage conditions for each of their products to maximize shelf life and quality. 1 The Department of Blood Transfusion, The PLA General Hospital, 2 The Department of Blood Transfusion, Air Force General Hospital, PLA Background/Case Studies: Recently, multi researches have reported that longer term-stored red blood cells(RBCs) units were associated with increased risks of clinically adverse events, especially in critically ill patients. Weak D types 1, 2 and 3 express all the major RhD epitopes and these patients can be managed as RhD-positive, which may lead to a reduction in unnecessary Rh immunoglobulin (RhIG) administration and conservation of RhD-negative RBCs. Study Design/Method: RHD genotyping was performed on all patient samples with weaker than expected or discrepant RhD typing results, utilizing a commercially available genotyping kit manufactured by Immucor (RHD BeadChip). cache = ./cache/cord-010119-t1x9gknd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-010119-t1x9gknd.txt ===== Reducing email addresses cord-276565-vkbu581j cord-017948-fqhl1qb4 Creating transaction Updating adr table ===== Reducing keywords cord-007562-4hcs0z65 cord-002687-ql6zo8ka cord-001247-pxzbirqd cord-001515-x11t9pbv cord-003993-3bozjfv7 cord-009636-5kddituy cord-000736-6f8vyziv cord-003018-qrt07zmz cord-010088-s9tfvtao cord-002706-m3y35ozx cord-017012-yl0vanuh cord-280643-n8qjorqk cord-276565-vkbu581j cord-004605-gsi4yxzj cord-285505-8norumv6 cord-002282-ldfa616a cord-255697-trig04hd cord-252586-fuaoelgb cord-009813-o8ai730r cord-022607-34hj17sn cord-267709-i2loz1xb cord-264713-38dlh3wg cord-025634-31n5fvex cord-264488-989t9ld1 cord-275104-imqmyqhz cord-297077-p604vvbi cord-258665-8q3tsggm cord-016704-99v4brjf cord-265472-b1s4stvz cord-002253-ll5a0urm cord-017948-fqhl1qb4 cord-307044-4czeehkq cord-026112-58sa5z03 cord-318570-wj7r6953 cord-318143-s4q059g8 cord-000794-l565gha4 cord-015941-4fz79wzf cord-293646-d4qcckh1 cord-027860-s97hdhh6 cord-005953-5z89yeb6 cord-296222-w5m23ikh cord-006856-b1w25ob5 cord-308382-h8ldbzip cord-300642-c7adeis1 cord-287151-4hlvrfeh cord-321481-vrfwczve cord-352988-9ey3ir5e cord-334150-t6n95laz cord-286719-1xjmlwqr cord-325280-4whzcmqv cord-275795-ee7qyw5h cord-032183-yqqqe325 cord-313627-g1iqhsdk cord-030369-4dn02a35 cord-312965-5hcb15xc cord-296979-8r851j4t cord-324984-ojrpsdt9 cord-350393-j80k2v21 cord-286334-d9v5xtx7 cord-331731-c2r0kfaz cord-350964-0jtfc271 cord-333220-tcvs4beg cord-320106-thre6r63 cord-351295-4toxlskr cord-340503-zwdewiu1 cord-344084-z4t2wkgk cord-331289-02411gfv cord-305085-bv7udg9k cord-318853-mxyxwkhx cord-274080-884x48on cord-347710-ff64y6ef cord-353467-wbtzvm4i cord-023346-8sqbqjm1 cord-010119-t1x9gknd cord-010092-uftc8inx cord-000083-3p81yr4n cord-023354-f2ciho6o cord-023364-ut56gczm Creating transaction Updating wrd table ===== Reducing urls cord-002687-ql6zo8ka cord-001247-pxzbirqd cord-003993-3bozjfv7 cord-000736-6f8vyziv cord-010088-s9tfvtao cord-002706-m3y35ozx cord-252586-fuaoelgb cord-009813-o8ai730r cord-022607-34hj17sn cord-264488-989t9ld1 cord-275104-imqmyqhz cord-297077-p604vvbi cord-265472-b1s4stvz cord-000794-l565gha4 cord-266105-8avkjc84 cord-308382-h8ldbzip cord-296979-8r851j4t cord-286334-d9v5xtx7 cord-350964-0jtfc271 cord-320106-thre6r63 cord-351295-4toxlskr cord-344084-z4t2wkgk cord-318853-mxyxwkhx cord-010119-t1x9gknd cord-023354-f2ciho6o cord-331289-02411gfv cord-347710-ff64y6ef cord-023346-8sqbqjm1 cord-010092-uftc8inx cord-023364-ut56gczm Creating transaction Updating url table ===== Reducing named entities cord-007562-4hcs0z65 cord-001247-pxzbirqd cord-001515-x11t9pbv cord-003993-3bozjfv7 cord-002687-ql6zo8ka cord-009636-5kddituy cord-000736-6f8vyziv cord-003018-qrt07zmz cord-002706-m3y35ozx cord-280643-n8qjorqk cord-017012-yl0vanuh cord-010088-s9tfvtao cord-276565-vkbu581j cord-004605-gsi4yxzj cord-285505-8norumv6 cord-002282-ldfa616a cord-255697-trig04hd cord-252586-fuaoelgb cord-009813-o8ai730r cord-022607-34hj17sn cord-267709-i2loz1xb cord-264713-38dlh3wg cord-025634-31n5fvex cord-264488-989t9ld1 cord-275104-imqmyqhz cord-297077-p604vvbi cord-258665-8q3tsggm cord-017948-fqhl1qb4 cord-016704-99v4brjf cord-026112-58sa5z03 cord-265472-b1s4stvz cord-002253-ll5a0urm cord-307044-4czeehkq cord-318143-s4q059g8 cord-293646-d4qcckh1 cord-318570-wj7r6953 cord-015941-4fz79wzf cord-000794-l565gha4 cord-296222-w5m23ikh cord-300642-c7adeis1 cord-287151-4hlvrfeh cord-027860-s97hdhh6 cord-005953-5z89yeb6 cord-308382-h8ldbzip cord-006856-b1w25ob5 cord-321481-vrfwczve cord-352988-9ey3ir5e cord-334150-t6n95laz cord-286719-1xjmlwqr cord-325280-4whzcmqv cord-313627-g1iqhsdk cord-296979-8r851j4t cord-275795-ee7qyw5h cord-312965-5hcb15xc cord-032183-yqqqe325 cord-030369-4dn02a35 cord-324984-ojrpsdt9 cord-350393-j80k2v21 cord-331731-c2r0kfaz cord-286334-d9v5xtx7 cord-350964-0jtfc271 cord-333220-tcvs4beg cord-320106-thre6r63 cord-351295-4toxlskr cord-340503-zwdewiu1 cord-331289-02411gfv cord-318853-mxyxwkhx cord-353467-wbtzvm4i cord-344084-z4t2wkgk cord-274080-884x48on cord-305085-bv7udg9k cord-347710-ff64y6ef cord-023364-ut56gczm cord-023346-8sqbqjm1 cord-023354-f2ciho6o cord-000083-3p81yr4n cord-010092-uftc8inx cord-010119-t1x9gknd Creating transaction Updating ent table ===== Reducing parts of speech cord-007562-4hcs0z65 cord-276565-vkbu581j cord-001247-pxzbirqd cord-001515-x11t9pbv cord-003018-qrt07zmz cord-000736-6f8vyziv cord-280643-n8qjorqk cord-003993-3bozjfv7 cord-002706-m3y35ozx cord-009636-5kddituy cord-004605-gsi4yxzj cord-022607-34hj17sn cord-252586-fuaoelgb cord-255697-trig04hd cord-009813-o8ai730r cord-264713-38dlh3wg cord-025634-31n5fvex cord-002282-ldfa616a cord-002687-ql6zo8ka cord-275104-imqmyqhz cord-285505-8norumv6 cord-267709-i2loz1xb cord-264488-989t9ld1 cord-297077-p604vvbi cord-258665-8q3tsggm cord-307044-4czeehkq cord-002253-ll5a0urm cord-026112-58sa5z03 cord-017948-fqhl1qb4 cord-293646-d4qcckh1 cord-318143-s4q059g8 cord-296222-w5m23ikh cord-287151-4hlvrfeh cord-308382-h8ldbzip cord-318570-wj7r6953 cord-015941-4fz79wzf cord-300642-c7adeis1 cord-352988-9ey3ir5e cord-321481-vrfwczve cord-334150-t6n95laz cord-313627-g1iqhsdk cord-016704-99v4brjf cord-265472-b1s4stvz cord-000794-l565gha4 cord-325280-4whzcmqv cord-331731-c2r0kfaz cord-350393-j80k2v21 cord-017012-yl0vanuh cord-312965-5hcb15xc cord-296979-8r851j4t cord-351295-4toxlskr cord-350964-0jtfc271 cord-333220-tcvs4beg cord-005953-5z89yeb6 cord-320106-thre6r63 cord-340503-zwdewiu1 cord-331289-02411gfv cord-353467-wbtzvm4i cord-286334-d9v5xtx7 cord-286719-1xjmlwqr cord-324984-ojrpsdt9 cord-318853-mxyxwkhx cord-010088-s9tfvtao cord-027860-s97hdhh6 cord-344084-z4t2wkgk cord-006856-b1w25ob5 cord-274080-884x48on cord-275795-ee7qyw5h cord-032183-yqqqe325 cord-030369-4dn02a35 cord-347710-ff64y6ef cord-305085-bv7udg9k cord-000083-3p81yr4n cord-023346-8sqbqjm1 cord-023364-ut56gczm cord-023354-f2ciho6o cord-010119-t1x9gknd cord-010092-uftc8inx Creating transaction Updating pos table Building ./etc/reader.txt cord-010119-t1x9gknd cord-023364-ut56gczm cord-023354-f2ciho6o cord-010092-uftc8inx cord-023364-ut56gczm cord-023354-f2ciho6o number of items: 78 sum of words: 1,449,781 average size in words: 38,152 average readability score: 46 nouns: blood; patients; virus; transfusion; cells; infection; results; donors; cell; study; treatment; hepatitis; group; liver; methods; platelet; samples; time; donor; plasma; risk; disease; system; patient; antibodies; data; protein; cases; expression; therapy; units; dna; levels; antibody; use; analysis; detection; years; ml; days; testing; method; type; number; test; level; control; donation; products; antigen verbs: using; shows; including; increased; associated; performed; based; compared; detected; found; reported; following; testing; reduce; developed; identified; treated; causing; determine; provided; related; received; evaluate; required; aim; inducing; occurred; observed; collected; infect; decreased; gave; obtained; indicating; suggesting; resulted; improved; leading; transfused; made; considering; demonstrated; remains; containing; needs; investigate; involved; analyze; confirmed; present adjectives: anti; viral; positive; clinical; high; human; specific; negative; significant; chronic; different; red; non; higher; low; immune; severe; acute; new; first; important; antiviral; whole; available; common; effective; single; many; several; major; molecular; possible; total; pre; large; bacterial; renal; lower; normal; medical; adverse; infectious; similar; present; multiple; potential; mean; small; early; post adverbs: also; however; well; significantly; respectively; therefore; often; even; usually; still; especially; highly; previously; recently; currently; prior; clinically; approximately; mainly; now; generally; furthermore; later; particularly; frequently; statistically; directly; less; together; relatively; potentially; moreover; first; finally; least; successfully; almost; commonly; specifically; subsequently; fully; alone; widely; rapidly; much; additionally; worldwide; already; rather; probably pronouns: we; it; our; their; its; they; them; i; he; her; she; his; us; one; you; your; itself; themselves; my; himself; 2h5-a14; ourselves; me; him; p210bcr; p24ag; igg4; herself; s; influenzavirusa; ccr5Δ32; yourself; wt/; srbcs; rbcs/100; r5-tropic; psliencer-2.1-u; ours; oneself; magpixv; iu/; isgf3; interleukin-10; imb-26; ihscs; i8r; hsp70; hsp60; eyp001; eerna proper nouns: HBV; B; HCV; C; HIV; RNA; RBC; DNA; PCR; T; Blood; HCC; Background; HLA; Hepatitis; Hb; ABO; Study; hepatitis; D; RHD; A; HIV-1; Transfusion; Design; Case; mg; Studies; Summary; NAT; L; Rh; Conclusions; M; S; IFN; Fig; II; HBsAg; University; CHB; Hospital; China; NTCP; •; PLT; der; CCR5; IU; AE keywords: hbv; hcv; dna; rna; hiv; cell; patient; virus; pcr; blood; nat; infection; hla; donor; transfusion; test; study; result; platelet; method; ifn; hospital; anti; rhd; rbc; hepatitis; group; dat; abo; trali; system; sars; protein; hiv-1; ffp; antibody; ntcp; hcc; expression; disease; cmv; chb; background; asia; viral; vaccine; university; united; treatment; sample one topic; one dimension: blood file(s): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7119113/ titles(s): Proposal for vaccination against SARS coronavirus using avian infectious bronchitis virus strain H from The Netherlands three topics; one dimension: blood; patients; hbv file(s): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7169716/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7418529/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3485615/ titles(s): Abstract Presentations from the AABB Annual Meeting San Diego, CA ctober 7‐10, 2017 | Clinical Manifestations and Laboratory Tests of AECHB and Severe Hepatitis (Liver Failure) | Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide is a functional receptor for human hepatitis B and D virus five topics; three dimensions: blood transfusion patients; virus infection viral; patients liver hbv; study blood studies; hbv cells hepatitis file(s): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7169345/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32661235/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2712310/, https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/B9781437707885100136, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5629035/ titles(s): Abstract of 29th Regional Congress of the ISBT | Stress proteins: the biological functions in virus infection, present and challenges for target-based antiviral drug development | Poster Exhibition | Chapter 13 Transmission of Infectious Diseases Through Breast Milk and Breastfeeding | HBV core protein allosteric modulators differentially alter cccDNA biosynthesis from de novo infection and intracellular amplification pathways Type: cord title: keyword-hbv-cord date: 2021-05-24 time: 23:57 username: emorgan patron: Eric Morgan email: emorgan@nd.edu input: keywords:hbv ==== make-pages.sh htm files ==== make-pages.sh complex files ==== make-pages.sh named enities ==== making bibliographics id: cord-331731-c2r0kfaz author: Anugwom, Chimaobi M title: Inverse association between chronic hepatitis B infection and COVID-19: immune-exhaustion or coincidence? date: 2020-06-05 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa592 doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa592 id: cord-258665-8q3tsggm author: Aydın, Hakan Berk title: Pixelated colorimetric nucleic acid assay date: 2020-03-01 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Abstract Conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) have been widely used as reporters in colorimetric assays targeting nucleic acids. CPEs provide naked eye detection possibility by their superior optical properties however, as concentration of target analytes decrease, trace amounts of nucleic acid typically yield colorimetric responses that are not readily perceivable by naked eye. Herein, we report a pixelated analysis approach for correlating colorimetric responses of CPE with nucleic acid concentrations down to 1 nM, in plasma samples, utilizing a smart phone with an algorithm that can perform analytical testing and data processing. The detection strategy employed relies on conformational transitions between single stranded nucleic acid-cationic CPE duplexes and double stranded nucleic acid-CPE triplexes that yield distinct colorimetric responses for enabling naked eye detection of nucleic acids. Cationic poly[N,N,N-triethyl-3-((4-methylthiophen-3-yl)oxy)propan-1-aminium bromide] is utilized as the CPE reporter deposited on a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane for nucleic acid assay. A smart phone application is developed to capture and digitize the colorimetric response of the individual pixels of the digital images of CPE on the PVDF membrane, followed by an analysis using the algorithm. The proposed pixelated approach enables precise quantification of nucleic acid assay concentrations, thereby eliminating the margin of error involved in conventional methodologies adopted for interpretation of colorimetric responses, for instance, RGB analysis. The obtained results illustrate that a ubiquitous smart phone could be utilized for point of care colorimetric nucleic acids assays in complex matrices without requiring sophisticated software or instrumentation. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31892020/ doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120581 id: cord-007562-4hcs0z65 author: Bijlenga, G. title: Proposal for vaccination against SARS coronavirus using avian infectious bronchitis virus strain H from The Netherlands date: 2005-07-19 words: 1786.0 sentences: 105.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-007562-4hcs0z65.txt txt: ./txt/cord-007562-4hcs0z65.txt summary: title: Proposal for vaccination against SARS coronavirus using avian infectious bronchitis virus strain H from The Netherlands HBV DNA testing by NAT of all the collected units of blood should be adopted by all the blood banks, in order to possibly achieve zero risk of transfusion transmitted HBV infection and also to reduce the rejection rate of the precious units of collected blood by testing for anti HBc. The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003 has resulted in a number of infections and deaths among healthcare workers (HCWs) and those in contact with SARS-infected persons. Development and use of the H strain of avian infectious bronchitis virus from The Netherlands as a vaccine: a review Severe acute respiratory syndrome vaccine development: experiences of vaccination against avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus The carboxyl-terminal 120-residue polypeptide of infectious bronchitis virus nucleocapsid induces cytotoxic T lymphocytes and protect chickens from acute infection abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7119113/ doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2005.04.010 id: cord-003993-3bozjfv7 author: Cagliani, Rachele title: Mode and tempo of human hepatitis virus evolution date: 2019-10-25 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Human viral hepatitis, a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, is caused by highly diverse viruses with different genetic, ecological, and pathogenetic features. Technological advances that allow throughput sequencing of viral genomes, as well as the development of computational tools to analyze such genome data, have largely expanded our knowledge on the host range and evolutionary history of human hepatitis viruses. Thus, with the exclusion of hepatitis D virus, close or distant relatives of these human pathogens were identified in a number of domestic and wild mammals. Also, sequences of human viral strains isolated from different geographic locations and over different time-spans have allowed the application of phylogeographic and molecular dating approaches to large viral phylogenies. In this review, we summarize the most recent insights into our understanding of the evolutionary events and ecological contexts that determined the origin and spread of human hepatitis viruses. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6872792/ doi: 10.1016/j.csbj.2019.09.007 id: cord-350393-j80k2v21 author: Chen, Liping title: Clinical characteristics in patients with SARS‐CoV‐2/HBV co‐infection date: 2020-07-15 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: COVID‐19 has become a global pandemic and garnered international attention. Although the clinical features of COVID‐19 related liver injury have been investigated, there have been no reports and studies on the clinical characteristics of COVID‐19 patients co‐infected with Hepatitis B Virus (HBV). This study aimed to evaluate whether SARS‐CoV‐2/HBV co‐infection could influence liver function and the disease outcome. All 326 confirmed COVID‐19 cases in Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center (The COVID‐19 designated hospital in Shanghai, China) from January 20, 2020 to February 24, 2020 were enrolled and followed up until February 29 in this study. The clinical, laboratory data and the length of stay were collected and analyzed retrospectively. 20 patients with HBV co‐infection (6.1%) and 306 patients (93.9%) without HBV infection showed no differences in the level of liver function parameters. However, compared with HBsAg‐ patients [145.4 mg/L (103.9‐179.2)], HBsAg+ patients had a lower level of prealbumin [(102.3 mg/L (76.22‐160.2), P=.0367]. There were also no significant differences for the discharge rate and the length of stay between two groups. Taken together, we found no evidence that SARS‐CoV‐2/HBV co‐infection could aggravate liver injury or extend duration of hospitalization. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32668494/ doi: 10.1111/jvh.13362 id: cord-255697-trig04hd author: Cheng, Vincent Chi-Chung title: Viral Infections, an Overview with a Focus on Prevention of Transmission date: 2016-10-24 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Viruses are obligatory intracellular pathogens with a simple structure consisting of assembled proteins enclosing the nucleic acid genome with or without a lipid envelope. Despite increasing availability of rapid nucleic acid amplification assays for laboratory diagnosis, effective antivirals, and safe vaccines, the control of most viral infections depends on time-honored surveillance and infection control measures. Moreover most viruses can be readily destroyed by common disinfectants. This article is focused on the epidemiology, diagnosis, and control of common and emerging viral diseases. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128036785005142 doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-803678-5.00514-2 id: cord-318143-s4q059g8 author: Cheng, Zhikui title: Sodium selenite suppresses hepatitis B virus transcription and replication in human hepatoma cell lines date: 2015-10-16 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the most serious and prevalent health problems worldwide. Current anti‐HBV medications have a number of drawbacks, such as adverse effects and drug resistance; thus, novel potential anti‐HBV reagents are needed. Selenium (Se) has been shown to be involved in both human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus infections, but its role in HBV infection remains unclear. To address this, sodium selenite (Na(2)SeO(3)) was applied to three HBV cell models: HepG2.2.15 cells, and HuH‐7 cells transfected with either 1.1 or 1.3× HBV plasmids. Cytotoxicity of Na(2)SeO(3) was examined by Cell Counting Kit‐8. Levels of viral antigen expression, transcripts, and encapsidated viral DNA were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, northern blot, and Southern blot, respectively. There was no obvious cytotoxicity in either HepG2.2.15 or HuH‐7 cells with <2.5 µM Na(2)SeO(3). Below this concentration, Na(2)SeO(3) suppressed HBsAg and HBeAg production, HBV transcript level, and amount of genomic DNA in all three tested models, and suppression level was enhanced in line with increases in Na(2)SeO(3) concentration or treatment time. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of Na(2)SeO(3) on HBV replication can be further enhanced by combined treatment with lamivudine, entecavir, or adefovir. Thus, the present study clearly proves that Na(2)SeO(3) suppresses HBV protein expression, transcription, and genome replication in hepatoma cell models in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. J. Med. Virol. 88:653–663, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.24366 doi: 10.1002/jmv.24366 id: cord-026112-58sa5z03 author: Dehghani-Dehej, Farzaneh title: Prevalence of HCV and/or HBV coinfection in Iranian HIV-infected patients date: 2020-04-24 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Aim: HIV-infected patients risk coinfection with HBV and HCV. This study aimed to investigate molecular epidemiology of HBV and HCV coinfection in Iranian HIV-infected individuals. Materials & methods: In this cross-sectional study, serological markers of HBV and HCV infection (hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg], hepatitis B e-antigen [HBeAg], hepatitis B e-antibody [HBeAb] and hepatitis B core antibody [HBcAb]) and anti-HCV antibodies [anti-HCV Abs] were tested in 198 Iranian HIV-infected patients. From plasma, HBV viral load was determined using COBAS TaqMan 48, and HCV-RNA was detected by reverse transcriptase-nested PCR. Results: 85 out of 198 (42.9%) patients were anti-HCV Ab positive and 42/198 (21.2%) had detectable HCV-RNA. Eight (4.0%) had traceable HBV-DNA. All these patients were infected by HBV genotype D. 55 (27.8%) were HBcAb positive. Nine (4.4%) were HBsAg and anti-HCV Ab positive. Conclusion: None were HIV-RNA/HCV-RNA/HBV-DNA positive, 21.2% were HIV-RNA/HCV-RNA positive and 4.0% were HIV-RNA/HBV-DNA positive. Therefore, studies on diagnosing these infections in HIV-infected individuals may be valuable. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7273902/ doi: 10.2217/fvl-2019-0066 id: cord-331289-02411gfv author: Di Minno, Giovanni title: Current concepts in the prevention of pathogen transmission via blood/plasma-derived products for bleeding disorders() date: 2015-07-20 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The pathogen safety of blood/plasma-derived products has historically been a subject of significant concern to the medical community. Measures such as donor selection and blood screening have contributed to increase the safety of these products, but pathogen transmission does still occur. Reasons for this include lack of sensitivity/specificity of current screening methods, lack of reliable screening tests for some pathogens (e.g. prions) and the fact that many potentially harmful infectious agents are not routinely screened for. Methods for the purification/inactivation of blood/plasma-derived products have been developed in order to further reduce the residual risk, but low concentrations of pathogens do not necessarily imply a low level of risk for the patient and so the overall challenge of minimising risk remains. This review aims to discuss the variable level of pathogenic risk and describes the current screening methods used to prevent/detect the presence of pathogens in blood/plasma-derived products. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0268960X15000594 doi: 10.1016/j.blre.2015.07.004 id: cord-286719-1xjmlwqr author: Draz, Mohamed Shehata title: Applications of gold nanoparticles in virus detection date: 2018-02-15 words: 18990.0 sentences: 901.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286719-1xjmlwqr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286719-1xjmlwqr.txt summary: The developed AuNP-based detection techniques are reported for various groups of clinically relevant viruses with a special focus on the applied types of bio-AuNP hybrid structures, virus detection targets, and assay modalities and formats. These techniques represent the majority of molecular techniques applied in virus detection and include various types of target amplification techniques (e.g., PCR, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), transcription-mediated amplification, and nucleic acid sequence-based amplification), signal amplification techniques (e.g., branched DNA and hybrid capture), and probe amplification techniques (e.g., ligase chain reaction and strand-displacement amplification). [70] developed an impedimetric electrochemical assay for the detection of AIV M gene sequences based on measuring changes in the impedimetric behavior of the electrode when the target DNA hybridizes with the capture DNA probes immobilized onto its surface and is subsequently labeled by AuNPs via streptavidin/ biotin interaction (Fig. 12C) . abstract: Viruses are the smallest known microbes, yet they cause the most significant losses in human health. Most of the time, the best-known cure for viruses is the innate immunological defense system of the host; otherwise, the initial prevention of viral infection is the only alternative. Therefore, diagnosis is the primary strategy toward the overarching goal of virus control and elimination. The introduction of a new class of nanoscale materials with multiple unique properties and functions has sparked a series of breakthrough applications. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are widely reported to guide an impressive resurgence in biomedical and diagnostic applications. Here, we review the applications of AuNPs in virus testing and detection. The developed AuNP-based detection techniques are reported for various groups of clinically relevant viruses with a special focus on the applied types of bio-AuNP hybrid structures, virus detection targets, and assay modalities and formats. We pay particular attention to highlighting the functional role and activity of each core Au nanostructure and the resultant detection improvements in terms of sensitivity, detection range, and time. In addition, we provide a general summary of the contributions of AuNPs to the mainstream methods of virus detection, technical measures, and recommendations required in guidance toward commercial in-field applications. url: https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.23856 doi: 10.7150/thno.23856 id: cord-344084-z4t2wkgk author: Ellwanger, Joel Henrique title: Beyond HIV infection: neglected and varied impacts of CCR5 and CCR5Δ32 on viral diseases date: 2020-05-30 words: 15735.0 sentences: 840.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344084-z4t2wkgk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344084-z4t2wkgk.txt summary: The genetic variant CCR5Δ32 (32 base-pair deletion in CCR5 gene) impairs CCR5 expression on the cell surface and is associated with protection against HIV infection in homozygous individuals. In this context, this review discusses the involvement of CCR5 and the effects of the CCR5Δ32 in human infections caused by the following pathogens: West Nile virus, Influenza virus, Human papillomavirus, Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus, Poliovirus, Dengue virus, Human cytomegalovirus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, Enterovirus, Japanese encephalitis virus, and Hantavirus. In agreement with studies showing that CCR5Δ32 homozygous genotype is a risk factor for symptomatic WNV infection in humans, Ccr5-/-WNV-infected mice showed a reduced capacity of viral control, increased disease severity, impaired leukocyte trafficking towards the brain, and high mortality rates than Ccr5 wild-type mice. In conclusion, although tissue analysis and evidence obtained in vitro suggest that the CCR5 is potentially involved in the pathogenesis of HPV, most studies point to a lack of involvement of CCR5Δ32 in susceptibility to HPV infection or HPV-associated diseases. abstract: The interactions between chemokine receptors and their ligands may affect susceptibility to infectious diseases as well as their clinical manifestations. These interactions mediate both the traffic of inflammatory cells and virus-associated immune responses. In the context of viral infections, the human C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) receives great attention from the scientific community due to its role as an HIV-1 co-receptor. The genetic variant CCR5Δ32 (32 base-pair deletion in CCR5 gene) impairs CCR5 expression on the cell surface and is associated with protection against HIV infection in homozygous individuals. Also, the genetic variant CCR5Δ32 modifies the CCR5-mediated inflammatory responses in various conditions, such as inflammatory and infectious diseases. CCR5 antagonists mimic, at least in part, the natural effects of the CCR5Δ32 in humans, which explains the growing interest in the potential benefits of using CCR5 modulators for the treatment of different diseases. Nevertheless, beyond HIV infection, understanding the effects of the CCR5Δ32 variant in multiple viral infections is essential to shed light on the potential effects of the CCR5 modulators from a broader perspective. In this context, this review discusses the involvement of CCR5 and the effects of the CCR5Δ32 in human infections caused by the following pathogens: West Nile virus, Influenza virus, Human papillomavirus, Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus, Poliovirus, Dengue virus, Human cytomegalovirus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, Enterovirus, Japanese encephalitis virus, and Hantavirus. Subsequently, this review addresses the impacts of CCR5 gene editing and CCR5 modulation on health and viral diseases. Also, this article connects recent findings regarding extracellular vesicles (e.g., exosomes), viruses, and CCR5. Neglected and emerging topics in “CCR5 research” are briefly described, with focus on Rocio virus, Zika virus, Epstein-Barr virus, and Rhinovirus. Finally, the potential influence of CCR5 on the immune responses to coronaviruses is discussed. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0168170220302938 doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198040 id: cord-275104-imqmyqhz author: Fioravanti, Jessica title: Effector CD8+ T cell-derived interleukin-10 enhances acute liver immunopathology date: 2017-09-30 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Background & Aims Besides secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and effector molecules, effector CD8+ T cells that arise upon acute infection with certain viruses have been shown to produce the regulatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 and, therefore, contain immunopathology. Whether the same occurs during acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and role that IL-10 might play in liver disease is currently unknown. Methods Mouse models of acute HBV pathogenesis, as well as chimpanzees and patients acutely infected with HBV, were used to analyse the role of CD8+ T cell-derived IL-10 in liver immunopathology. Results Mouse HBV-specific effector CD8+ T cells produce significant amounts of IL-10 upon in vivo antigen encounter. This is corroborated by longitudinal data in a chimpanzee acutely infected with HBV, where serum IL-10 was readily detectable and correlated with intrahepatic CD8+ T cell infiltration and liver disease severity. Unexpectedly, mouse and human CD8+ T cell-derived IL-10 was found to act in an autocrine/paracrine fashion to enhance IL-2 responsiveness, thus preventing antigen-induced HBV-specific effector CD8+ T cell apoptosis. Accordingly, the use of mouse models of HBV pathogenesis revealed that the IL-10 produced by effector CD8+ T cells promoted their own intrahepatic survival and, thus supported, rather than suppressed liver immunopathology. Conclusion Effector CD8+ T cell-derived IL-10 enhances acute liver immunopathology. Altogether, these results extend our understanding of the cell- and tissue-specific role that IL-10 exerts in immune regulation. Lay summary: Interleukin-10 is mostly regarded as an immunosuppressive cytokine. We show here that HBV-specific CD8+ T cells produce IL-10 upon antigen recognition and that this cytokine enhances CD8+ T cell survival. As such, IL-10 paradoxically promotes rather than suppresses liver disease. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2017.04.020 doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.04.020 id: cord-265472-b1s4stvz author: Guimarães, Luísa Eça title: Vaccines, adjuvants and autoimmunity date: 2015-10-31 words: 14633.0 sentences: 821.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-265472-b1s4stvz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-265472-b1s4stvz.txt summary: In conclusion, there are several case reports of autoimmune diseases following vaccines, however, due to the limited number of cases, the different classifications of symptoms and the long latency period of the diseases, every attempt for an epidemiological study has so far failed to deliver a connection. We can infer that a similar response may be associated with different safety in relation to the development of autoimmune reactions to vaccines, particularly in the patients with genetic predisposition to an enhanced response to vaccine inoculation [85] . HSP was associated with seasonal influenza, influenza A (H1N1), pneumococcal and meningococcal disease, hepatitis A virus (HAV), HBV, anti-human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccines, and following multiple combinations of vaccines, such as typhoid, cholera and yellow fever [139, [171] [172] [173] . Hepatitis B vaccination and undifferentiated connective tissue disease: another brick in the wall of the autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (Asia) abstract: Abstract Vaccines and autoimmunity are linked fields. Vaccine efficacy is based on whether host immune response against an antigen can elicit a memory T-cell response over time. Although the described side effects thus far have been mostly transient and acute, vaccines are able to elicit the immune system towards an autoimmune reaction. The diagnosis of a definite autoimmune disease and the occurrence of fatal outcome post-vaccination have been less frequently reported. Since vaccines are given to previously healthy hosts, who may have never developed the disease had they not been immunized, adverse events should be carefully accessed and evaluated even if they represent a limited number of occurrences. In this review of the literature, there is evidence of vaccine-induced autoimmunity and adjuvant-induced autoimmunity in both experimental models as well as human patients. Adjuvants and infectious agents may exert their immune-enhancing effects through various functional activities, encompassed by the adjuvant effect. These mechanisms are shared by different conditions triggered by adjuvants leading to the autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA syndrome). In conclusion, there are several case reports of autoimmune diseases following vaccines, however, due to the limited number of cases, the different classifications of symptoms and the long latency period of the diseases, every attempt for an epidemiological study has so far failed to deliver a connection. Despite this, efforts to unveil the connection between the triggering of the immune system by adjuvants and the development of autoimmune conditions should be undertaken. Vaccinomics is a field that may bring to light novel customized, personalized treatment approaches in the future. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1043661815001711 doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.08.003 id: cord-002706-m3y35ozx author: Guo, Fang title: HBV core protein allosteric modulators differentially alter cccDNA biosynthesis from de novo infection and intracellular amplification pathways date: 2017-09-25 words: 7399.0 sentences: 351.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-002706-m3y35ozx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-002706-m3y35ozx.txt summary: Interestingly, in addition to inhibiting nucleocapsid assembly and subsequent viral genome replication, we have now demonstrated that HAPs and SBAs differentially modulate the biosynthesis of covalently closed circular (ccc) DNA from de novo infection and intracellular amplification pathways by inducing disassembly of nucleocapsids derived from virions as well as double-stranded DNA-containing progeny nucleocapsids in the cytoplasm. Inspired by the observation that a small molecule compound targeting the capsid protein of dengue virus has dual effects on both the assembly and disassembly (or uncoating) of the viral capsids [22] , we hypothesized that HBV CpAMs may not only disrupt capsid assembly, but also alter the structure and function of assembled nucleocapsids and consequentially affect viral DNA replication and/or cccDNA synthesis. abstract: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) core protein assembles viral pre-genomic (pg) RNA and DNA polymerase into nucleocapsids for reverse transcriptional DNA replication to take place. Several chemotypes of small molecules, including heteroaryldihydropyrimidines (HAPs) and sulfamoylbenzamides (SBAs), have been discovered to allosterically modulate core protein structure and consequentially alter the kinetics and pathway of core protein assembly, resulting in formation of irregularly-shaped core protein aggregates or “empty” capsids devoid of pre-genomic RNA and viral DNA polymerase. Interestingly, in addition to inhibiting nucleocapsid assembly and subsequent viral genome replication, we have now demonstrated that HAPs and SBAs differentially modulate the biosynthesis of covalently closed circular (ccc) DNA from de novo infection and intracellular amplification pathways by inducing disassembly of nucleocapsids derived from virions as well as double-stranded DNA-containing progeny nucleocapsids in the cytoplasm. Specifically, the mistimed cuing of nucleocapsid uncoating prevents cccDNA formation during de novo infection of hepatocytes, while transiently accelerating cccDNA synthesis from cytoplasmic progeny nucleocapsids. Our studies indicate that elongation of positive-stranded DNA induces structural changes of nucleocapsids, which confers ability of mature nucleocapsids to bind CpAMs and triggers its disassembly. Understanding the molecular mechanism underlying the dual effects of the core protein allosteric modulators on nucleocapsid assembly and disassembly will facilitate the discovery of novel core protein-targeting antiviral agents that can more efficiently suppress cccDNA synthesis and cure chronic hepatitis B. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5629035/ doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006658 id: cord-276565-vkbu581j author: He, Qing title: Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients With Pre-existing Hepatitis B Virus Infection: A Multicenter Report date: 2020-09-11 words: 669.0 sentences: 40.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276565-vkbu581j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276565-vkbu581j.txt summary: title: Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients With Pre-existing Hepatitis B Virus Infection: A Multicenter Report There are no data yet focusing on the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in patients with underlying liver disease, such as hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Thus, it is indispensable to study the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients with preexisting HBV infection. Data were obtained from a cohort (coronavirus disease 2019-hepatitis B virus-Chinese Portal Hypertension Diagnosis and Monitoring Study Group, COVID-HBV-CHESS) to consecutively monitor COVID-19 patients in 10 designed hospitals of 8 provincial administrative regions in China ( Figure 1a ). In the COVID-HBV-CHESS study, we analyzed the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients with pre-existing HBV infection for the first time, to our best knowledge; only by multicenter analysis can we follow-up COVID-19 with underlying liver disease, such as HBV infection. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32925195/ doi: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000924 id: cord-017012-yl0vanuh author: Herberg, Jethro title: Infectious Diseases and the Kidney date: 2009 words: 23980.0 sentences: 1301.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-017012-yl0vanuh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-017012-yl0vanuh.txt summary: Renal involvement in infectious diseases may occur by a variety of mechanisms: direct microbial invasion of the renal tissues or collecting system may take place in conditions such as staphylococcal abscess of the kidney as a result of septicemic spread of the organism or as a consequence of ascending infection; damage to the kidney may be caused by the systemic release of endotoxin or other toxins and activation of the inflammatory cascade during septicemia or by a focus of infection distant from the kidney; ischemic damage may result from inadequate perfusion induced by septic shock; the kidney may be damaged by activation of the immunologic pathways or by immune complexes resulting from the infectious process. However, in addition to this post-infection immunologically mediated disorder, in recent years there have been increasing reports of GAS causing acute renal failure as part of an invasive infection with many features of the staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome (28) . abstract: The kidney is involved in a wide range of bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic diseases. In most systemic infections, renal involvement is a minor component of the illness, but in some, renal failure may be the presenting feature and the major problem in management. Although individual infectious processes may have a predilection to involve the renal vasculature, glomeruli, interstitium, or collecting systems, a purely anatomic approach to the classification of infectious diseases affecting the kidney is rarely helpful because most infections may involve several different aspects of renal function. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7121468/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-76341-3_52 id: cord-296222-w5m23ikh author: Hu, Song title: Hepatitis B virus upregulates host expression of α-1,2-mannosidases via the PPARα pathway date: 2016-11-21 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: AIM: To assess the effects of hepatitis B virus (HBV) on the expression of host α-1,2-mannosidases and determine the underlying mechanisms. METHODS: We measured the expression levels of MAN1A1, MAN1A2, MAN1B1, and MAN1C1 in cell lines HepG2.2.15, HepN10, HepAD38 and HepG2 by Western blot. Viral antigens (HBsAg and HBeAg) in the culture medium were measured using the chemiluminescence method. HBV DNA quantification assays were performed using a commercial real-time PCR kit. Protein levels of human liver tissue α-1,2-mannosidases were also evaluated by Western blot. Plasmids containing seven individual viral genes of HBV (PTT22-HBx, PTT22-HBs, PTT22-preS2, PTT22-preS1, PTT22-HBc, PTT22-HBe, and PTT22-HBp) or control plasmids (PTT22-vector) were transfected into HepG2 cells. MK886 (PPARα) and GW9662 (PPARγ) inhibitors were used to explore the effects of HBV on α-1,2-mannosidase expression after the PPARα and PPARγ pathways were blocked. RESULTS: We showed that the expression of α-1,2-mannosidases was higher in stably transfected HBV cells than in controls. The expression levels of α-1,2-mannosidase were higher in AD38 cells than those in ND10 cells, which were in turn greater than those in G2.2.15 cells, and positively correlated with the expression of HBsAg in all the cell lines. Levels of α-1,2-mannosidase in non-tumorous liver tissues of HBV-related HCC patients were also higher than in the tissues from non-HBV-related HCC patients. Moreover, transfecting HepG2 cells with a component of the HBV viral envelope also increased the expression of α-1,2-mannosidases. However, this envelope protein component could not induce MAN1C1 expression in the presence of a PPARα inhibitor, MK886. We also found that MK886 did not affect the expression of MAN1C1 in AD38 cells without tetracycline in the culture medium. This phenomenon was not observed in the case of GW9662. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that HBV increases the expression of α-mannosidases both in vitro and in vivo via activation of the PPARα pathway by its envelope protein. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27920474/ doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i43.9534 id: cord-015941-4fz79wzf author: Hu, Yuan title: Molecular Techniques for Blood and Blood Product Screening date: 2018-11-10 words: 7210.0 sentences: 381.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-015941-4fz79wzf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-015941-4fz79wzf.txt summary: Through the application of molecular biology, biological and biochemical analyses have been revolutionized, and nucleic acid, gene-based techniques have been developed to screen blood and plasma donations for evidence of very recent and earlier viral infections that might otherwise be missed by conventional serologic testing. Because NAT detects a virus''s genetic material instead of waiting for the body''s response, the formation of antibodies, as with many current tests, it offers the opportunity to reduce the window period during which an infecting agent is undetectable by traditional tests [21] , thus further improving blood safety. One reason for this is that currently available blood screening technologies detect core antibodies or surface antigens, which appear up to 8 weeks after infection. The anti-HBc test developed in 1987 detects an antibody to the hepatitis B virus that is produced during and after infection. Detection of HIV-1 and HCV infections among antibody-negative blood donors by nucleic acid-amplification testing abstract: Blood product safety is a high priority for manufacturing industries, hospitals, and regulatory agencies. An important step in ensuring safety is the screening of donated blood for infectious diseases. Molecular technologies for screening infectious diseases have improved remarkably over the years. Molecular biological assay significantly reduced the risk of transfusion-transmitted infections. Unlike previous methods, molecular technologies for screening infectious diseases are specific, efficient, easy to use, and economical. A new era in molecular biology is coming to the field of blood safety. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7120069/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-95111-9_2 id: cord-017948-fqhl1qb4 author: Hu, Yuan title: Molecular Techniques for Blood and Blood Product Screening date: 2012-04-05 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is responsible for ensuring the safety of the more than 15 million units of blood and blood components donated each year in the United States. “Blood banking has become a manufacturing industry, an industry that must conform to high standards and quality control requirements comparable to those of pharmaceutical companies or other regulated industries,” said David A. Kessler, MD, former FDA commissioner [1]. Screening donated blood for infectious diseases that can be transmitted through blood transfusion is a very important step in ensuring safety. The United States has the safest blood supply in the world [1] and the FDA is striving to keep it safe by decreasing the risk of infectious disease transmission. The regulatory agency is continuously updating its requirements and standards for collecting and processing blood. As mentioned earlier, an important step in ensuring safety is the screening of donated blood for infectious diseases. In the United States, tests for infectious diseases are routinely conducted on each unit of donated blood, and these tests are designed to comply with regulatory requirements (Table 28.1). The field of clinical microbiology and virology are now focusing on molecular technology. Currently, nucleic acid testing techniques have been developed to screen blood and plasma products for evidence of very recent viral infections that could be missed by conventional serologic tests. It is time for all blood safety procedures to include molecular detection techniques. This approach can significantly aid in blood safety to reduce the risk of transmission of serious disease by transfusion. This chapter reviews the current antigen/antibody-based technology, molecular biological technology, and published regulatory policy data for blood safety. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7122649/ doi: 10.1007/978-1-4614-3970-7_28 id: cord-324984-ojrpsdt9 author: Ji, Xingyue title: Medicinal chemistry strategies toward host targeting antiviral agents date: 2020-02-14 words: 16814.0 sentences: 825.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324984-ojrpsdt9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324984-ojrpsdt9.txt summary: In addition, host proteins are not under the genetic control of viral genome, and hence HTAs possess much higher genetic barrier to drug resistance as compared with DAAs. In recent years, much progress has been made to the development of HTAs with the approval of chemokine receptor type 5 antagonist maraviroc for human immunodeficiency virus treatment and more in the pipeline for other viral infections. 3 Altogether, targeting host factors is a very promising strategy with possibility to address the critical challenges faced with the DAAs. In this review, we summarize the recent advances made in HTAs from a medicinal chemistry standpoint, and the host targets are generally classified into three different categories based on the development stage of their corresponding inhibitors/modulators, namely the ones which reached Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval, that have entered clinical trials and those in preclinical studies. abstract: Direct‐acting antiviral agents (DAAs) represent a class of drugs targeting viral proteins and have been demonstrated to be very successful in combating viral infections in clinic. However, DAAs suffer from several inherent limitations, including narrow‐spectrum antiviral profiles and liability to drug resistance, and hence there are still unmet needs in the treatment of viral infections. In comparison, host targeting antivirals (HTAs) target host factors for antiviral treatment. Since host proteins are probably broadly required for various viral infections, HTAs are not only perceived, but also demonstrated to exhibit broad‐spectrum antiviral activities. In addition, host proteins are not under the genetic control of viral genome, and hence HTAs possess much higher genetic barrier to drug resistance as compared with DAAs. In recent years, much progress has been made to the development of HTAs with the approval of chemokine receptor type 5 antagonist maraviroc for human immunodeficiency virus treatment and more in the pipeline for other viral infections. In this review, we summarize various host proteins as antiviral targets from a medicinal chemistry prospective. Challenges and issues associated with HTAs are also discussed. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/med.21664 doi: 10.1002/med.21664 id: cord-002282-ldfa616a author: Joung, Young Hee title: The Last Ten Years of Advancements in Plant-Derived Recombinant Vaccines against Hepatitis B date: 2016-10-13 words: 8136.0 sentences: 449.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-002282-ldfa616a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-002282-ldfa616a.txt summary: Another important advantage as emerging vaccine is the more effective activation of key aspects of the immune response to achieve potent immune stimulation and to provide immunological memory for long-lasting protection [22, 23] Plant-based platforms including whole plant, organs or cell and expression technology to produce target antigens of interest are diverse [38] [39] [40] . In the case of plant-derived HBV vaccines, the first report was on the expression of the small hepatitis B surface antigen (S-HBsAg) in transgenic tobacco plants. In the transgenic tobacco plant transformed with the S-HBsAg gene controlled by the 35S promoter, expression levels were very low: less than 0.01% total soluble protein and less than 10 ng/g fresh weight in leaf tissues. Expression of the human hepatitis B virus large surface antigen gene in transgenic tomato plants Oral immunization of human with transgenic lettuce expressing hepatitis B surface antigen abstract: Disease prevention through vaccination is considered to be the greatest contribution to public health over the past century. Every year more than 100 million children are vaccinated with the standard World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended vaccines including hepatitis B (HepB). HepB is the most serious type of liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), however, it can be prevented by currently available recombinant vaccine, which has an excellent record of safety and effectiveness. To date, recombinant vaccines are produced in many systems of bacteria, yeast, insect, and mammalian and plant cells. Among these platforms, the use of plant cells has received considerable attention in terms of intrinsic safety, scalability, and appropriate modification of target proteins. Research groups worldwide have attempted to develop more efficacious plant-derived vaccines for over 30 diseases, most frequently HepB and influenza. More inspiring, approximately 12 plant-made antigens have already been tested in clinical trials, with successful outcomes. In this study, the latest information from the last 10 years on plant-derived antigens, especially hepatitis B surface antigen, approaches are reviewed and breakthroughs regarding the weak points are also discussed. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5085746/ doi: 10.3390/ijms17101715 id: cord-001515-x11t9pbv author: Kosinska, Anna D. title: Therapeutic vaccination and immunomodulation in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B: preclinical studies in the woodchuck date: 2014-12-23 words: 6390.0 sentences: 312.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-001515-x11t9pbv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-001515-x11t9pbv.txt summary: Several innovative approaches combining antiviral treatments using nucleos(t)ide analogues, with prime-boost vaccination using DNA vaccines, new hepadnaviral antigens or recombinant adenoviral vectors were tested in the woodchuck model. The woodchuck (Marmota monax) and its HBV-like woodchuck hepatitis virus are a useful preclinical animal model for developing new therapeutic approaches in chronic hepadnaviral infections. The woodchuck (Marmota monax) and its HBV-like woodchuck hepatitis virus are a useful preclinical animal model for developing new therapeutic approaches in chronic hepadnaviral infections. The results of these studies clearly showed that combination of antiviral treatment and vaccination is more effective in inducing virus-specific T cell responses than therapeutic vaccination alone. The DNA prime-AdV boost immunization strategy was further used as a therapeutic vaccine against chronic WHV infection in combination with antiviral treatment with ETV. T-helper cell response to woodchuck hepatitis virus antigens after therapeutic vaccination of chronically-infected animals treated with lamivudine abstract: Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) may lead to subclinical, acute or chronic hepatitis. In the prevaccination era, HBV infections were endemic due to frequent mother to child transmission in large regions of the world. However, there are still estimated 240 million chronic HBV carriers today and ca. 620,000 patients die per year due to HBV-related liver diseases. Recommended treatment of chronic hepatitis B with interferon-α and/or nucleos(t)ide analogues does not lead to satisfactory results. Induction of HBV-specific T cells by therapeutic vaccination or immunomodulation may be an innovative strategy to overcome virus persistence. Vaccination with commercially available HBV vaccines in patients with or without therapeutic reduction of viral load did not result in effective immune control of HBV infection, suggesting that combination of antiviral treatment with new formulations of therapeutic vaccines is needed. The woodchuck (Marmota monax) and its HBV-like woodchuck hepatitis virus are a useful preclinical animal model for developing new therapeutic approaches in chronic hepadnaviral infections. Several innovative approaches combining antiviral treatments using nucleos(t)ide analogues, with prime-boost vaccination using DNA vaccines, new hepadnaviral antigens or recombinant adenoviral vectors were tested in the woodchuck model. In this review, we summarize these encouraging results obtained with these therapeutic vaccines. In addition, we present potential innovations in immunostimulatory strategies by blocking the interaction of the inhibitory programmed death receptor 1 with its ligand in this animal model. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4305085/ doi: 10.1007/s00430-014-0379-5 id: cord-002253-ll5a0urm author: Kunanopparat, Areerat title: Increased ATG5-ATG12 in hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma and their role in apoptosis date: 2016-10-07 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: AIM: To investigate autophagy-related genes, particularly ATG12, in apoptosis and cell cycle in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and non-HBV-HCC cell lines. METHODS: The expression of autophagy-related genes in HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma and non-HBV-HCC cell lines and human liver tissues was examined by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting. The silencing of target genes was used to examine the function of various genes in apoptosis and cell cycle progression. RESULTS: The expression of autophagy related genes ATG5, ATG12, ATG9A and ATG4B expression was analyzed in HepG2.2.15 cells and compared with HepG2 and THLE cells. We found that ATG5 and ATG12 mRNA expression was significantly increased in HepG2.2.15 cells compared to HepG2 cells (P < 0.005). Moreover, ATG5-ATG12 protein levels were increased in tumor liver tissues compared to adjacent non-tumor tissues mainly from HCC patients with HBV infection. We also analyzed the function of ATG12 in cell apoptosis and cell cycle progression. The percentage of apoptotic cells increased by 11.4% in ATG12-silenced HepG2.2.15 cells (P < 0.005) but did not change in ATG12-silenced HepG2 cells under starvation with Earle’s balanced salt solution. However, the combination blockade of Notch signaling and ATG12 decreased the apoptotic rate of HepG2.2.15 cells from 55.6% to 50.4% (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: ATG12 is important for HBV-associated apoptosis and a potential drug target for HBV-HCC. Combination inhibition of ATG12/Notch signaling had no additional effect on HepG2.2.15 apoptosis. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5055866/ doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i37.8361 id: cord-300642-c7adeis1 author: Lai, Andrew SH title: Viral nephropathy date: 2006 words: 4745.0 sentences: 318.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300642-c7adeis1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300642-c7adeis1.txt summary: 6 In hepatitis C virus (HCV)-induced mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis (MCGN), production of circulating cryo globulins is induced as an abnormal host response to infection. 7 In acute renal failure associated with infection by hantavirus or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, the pathogenetic mechanisms of interstitial nephritis, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, and multiorgan failure-rather than formation of immune complexes-are predominant. 24, 34 In a recent analysis comparing 10 adult nephrotic patients with HBV-related membranous nephropathy who received lamivudine with 12 matched historical control subjects who presented in the pre-lamivudine era, lamivudine significantly improved proteinuria, aminotransferase levels, and renal outcome over a 3-year period. The FSGS variant of HIVAN is the most commonly reported chronic renal disease associated with HIV infection. 58 Most patients with HIV-associated thrombotic microangiopathy/hemolytic uremic syndrome present with acute renal failure, microscopic hematuria, and non-nephrotic proteinuria. Membranous glomerulonephritis associated with hepatitis C virus infection: case report and literature review abstract: Viral infections can cause many glomerular diseases. The diagnostic criteria for virus-related nephropathy include detailed clinical and laboratory data, and tissue molecular analysis. Several mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of virus-related nephropathy, including tropism of the virus in the kidney, induction of abnormal immune complexes, direct cytopathogenic effects, and multiorgan failure. Hepatitis B virus is associated with membranous nephropathy and mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis in endemic areas. Hepatitis C virus causes various forms of glomerulonephritis, including cryoglobulinemia-mediated glomerulonephritis. Infection with HIV is associated with a collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, a distinctive disease that affects mainly Africans and African Americans. In the course of HIV infection, other types of immune complex glomerulonephritis can occur, most frequently in whites. Recent reports indicate a role for parvovirus B19 in 'idiopathic' collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Both hantaviruses, and coronaviruses associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome, can lead to acute renal failure. Renal biopsy followed by appropriate serological and molecular testing is essential for defining virus-related glomerular lesions and guiding prognostic and therapeutic evaluation. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16932438/ doi: 10.1038/ncpneph0166 id: cord-353467-wbtzvm4i author: Lambert, Carsten title: Functional incorporation of green fluorescent protein into hepatitis B virus envelope particles date: 2004-12-05 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The envelope of hepatitis B virus (HBV), containing the L, M, and S proteins, is essential for virus entry and maturation. For direct visualization of HBV, we determined whether envelope assembly could accommodate the green fluorescent protein (GFP). While the C-terminal addition of GFP to S trans-dominant negatively inhibited empty envelope particle secretion, the N-terminal GFP fusion to S (GFP.S) was co-integrated into the envelope, giving rise to fluorescent particles. Microscopy and topogenesis analyses demonstrated that the proper intracellular distribution and folding of GFP.S, required for particle export were rescued by interprotein interactions with wild-type S. Thereby, a dual location of GFP, inside and outside the envelope, was observed. GFP.S was also efficiently packaged into the viral envelope, and these GFP-tagged virions retained the capacity for attachment to HBV receptor-positive cells in vitro. Together, GFP-tagged virions should be suitable to monitor HBV uptake and egress in live hepatocytes. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15527842/ doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2004.09.031 id: cord-351295-4toxlskr author: Lanave, Gianvito title: Identification of hepadnavirus in the sera of cats date: 2019-07-23 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Hepadnaviruses infect several animal species. The prototype species, human hepatitis B virus (HBV), increases the risk of liver diseases and may cause cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Recently a novel hepadnavirus, similar to HBV, has been identified through transcriptomics studies in a domestic cat with large cell lymphoma in Australia. Herewith, a collection of 390 feline serum samples was screened for hepadnavirus. Overall, the virus was identified in 10.8% of the sera with a significantly higher prevalence (17.8%) in the sera of animals with a clinical suspect of infectious disease. Upon genome sequencing, the virus was closely related (97.0% nt identity) to the prototype Australian feline virus Sydney 2016. The mean and median values of hepadnavirus in the feline sera were 1.3 × 10(6) and 2.1 × 10(4) genome copies per mL (range 3.3 × 10(0)–2.5 × 10(7) genome copies per mL). For a subset of hepadnavirus-positive samples, information on the hemato-chemical parameters was available and in 10/20 animals a profile suggestive of liver damage was present. Also, in 7/10 animals with suspected hepatic disease, virus load was >10(4) genome copies per mL, i.e. above the threshold considered at risk of active hepatitis and liver damage for HBV. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31337847/ doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-47175-8 id: cord-305085-bv7udg9k author: Lawrence, Robert M. title: Chapter 13 Transmission of Infectious Diseases Through Breast Milk and Breastfeeding date: 2011-12-31 words: 45849.0 sentences: 2358.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305085-bv7udg9k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305085-bv7udg9k.txt summary: Postnatal exposure of susceptible infants to CMV, including premature infants without passively acquired maternal antibodies against CMV, infants born to CMV-seronegative mothers, and immunodeficient infants, can cause significant clinical illness (pneumonitis, hepatitis, thrombocytopenia).* In one study of premature infants followed up to 12 months, Vochem et al 430 found CMV transmission in 17 of 29 infants (59%) exposed to CMV virolactia and breastfed compared with no infants infected of 27 exposed to breast milk without CMV. 38, 104, 121 Laboratory reports demonstrate the presence of cell-free virus and cell-associated virus in breast milk as well as various immunologic factors that could block or limit infection.* A dose-response relationship has been observed, correlating the HIV viral load in human milk as well as a mother'' s plasma viral load with an increased transmission risk for the breastfed infant. 76 No case of transmission of yellow fever virus from an infected mother to her infant via breastfeeding or breast milk has been reported. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/B9781437707885100136 doi: 10.1016/b978-1-4377-0788-5.10013-6 id: cord-333220-tcvs4beg author: Lee, Szu-Yuan title: Compact optical diagnostic device for isothermal nucleic acids amplification date: 2008-08-12 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: We recently reported the successful use of the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) reaction for hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA amplification and its optimal primer design method. In this study, we report the development of an integrated isothermal device for both amplification and detection of targeted HBV DNA. It has two major components, a disposable polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) micro-reactor and a temperature-regulated optical detection unit (base apparatus) for real-time monitoring of the turbidity changes due to the precipitation of DNA amplification by-product, magnesium pyrophosphate. We have established a correlation curve (R(2) = 0.99) between the concentration of pyrophosphate ions and the level of turbidity by using a simulated chemical reaction to evaluate the characteristics of our device. For the applications of rapid pathogens detection, we also have established a standard curve (R(2) = 0.96) by using LAMP reaction with a standard template in our device. Moreover, we also have successfully used the device on seven clinical serum specimens where HBV DNA levels have been confirmed by real-time PCR. The result indicates that different amounts of HBV DNA can be successfully detected by using this device within 1 h. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0925400508001998 doi: 10.1016/j.snb.2008.03.008 id: cord-002687-ql6zo8ka author: Li, Dan title: A potent human neutralizing antibody Fc-dependently reduces established HBV infections date: 2017-09-26 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major global health problem. Currently-available therapies are ineffective in curing chronic HBV infection. HBV and its satellite hepatitis D virus (HDV) infect hepatocytes via binding of the preS1 domain of its large envelope protein to sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP). Here, we developed novel human monoclonal antibodies that block the engagement of preS1 with NTCP and neutralize HBV and HDV with high potency. One antibody, 2H5-A14, functions at picomolar level and exhibited neutralization-activity-mediated prophylactic effects. It also acts therapeutically by eliciting antibody-Fc-dependent immunological effector functions that impose durable suppression of viral infection in HBV-infected mice, resulting in reductions in the levels of the small envelope antigen and viral DNA, with no emergence of escape mutants. Our results illustrate a novel antibody-Fc-dependent approach for HBV treatment and suggest 2H5-A14 as a novel clinical candidate for HBV prevention and treatment of chronic HBV infection. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5614562/ doi: 10.7554/elife.26738 id: cord-286334-d9v5xtx7 author: Li, Rui title: Analysis of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) from different species sheds some light on cross-species receptor usage of a novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV date: 2020-04-30 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32092392/ doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.02.013 id: cord-267709-i2loz1xb author: Li, Tongya title: Human Hepatitis B Virus Core Protein Inhibits IFNα-Induced IFITM1 Expression by Interacting with BAF200 date: 2019-05-09 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Human hepatitis B virus core protein (HBc) is a structural protein of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and contributes to HBV regulation of host-cell transcription. However, the mechanisms of transcriptional regulation remain poorly characterized. To dissect the function of HBc, a yeast two-hybrid was performed to identify HBc-binding proteins, and the C-terminal of BRG1/hBRM-associated factors 200 (BAF200C) was identified. Then, the existence of HBc interactions with BAF200C and full-length BAF200 was confirmed via co-immunoprecipitation assays in 293T, HepG2 and HepG2-NTCP cells. Furthermore, we show that the binding between HBc and BAF200 was of vital importance to HBc mediated downregulation of interferon-induced transmembrane protein 1 (IFITM1) expression, and the mechanisms for the downregulation were disclosed as follows. Basal level of IFITM1 expression depends on BAF200, rather than the JAK–STAT1 pathway. The interaction of HBc with BAF200 disturbs the stability of the polybromo-associated BAF (PBAF) complex and results in the suppression of IFTM1 transcription. Finally, the antiviral effects of IFITM1 on cell proliferation and HBV replication were found to be partially restored when HBc was co-transfected with BAF200. Collectively, our findings indicate that HBc plays a role in HBV resistance against the antiviral activities of IFNα, providing details about HBV evasion of host innate immunity. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/v11050427 doi: 10.3390/v11050427 id: cord-308382-h8ldbzip author: Lin, Serena Y. C. title: Origin and dissemination of hepatitis B virus genotype C in East Asia revealed by phylodynamic analysis and historical correlates date: 2018-10-17 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Hepatitis B virus disease progression in East Asia is most frequently associated with genotype C (HBV/C). The increasing availability of HBV/C genetic sequences and detailed annotations provides an opportunity to investigate the epidemiological factors underlying its evolutionary history. In this study, the Bayesian phylogeography framework was used to investigate the origins and patterns in spatial dissemination of HBV/C by analyzing East Asian sequences obtained from 1992 to 2010. The most recent common ancestor of HBV/C was traced back to the early 1900s in China, where it eventually diverged into two major lineages during the 1930s‐1960s that gave rise to distinct epidemic waves spreading exponentially to other East Asian countries and the USA. Demographic inference of viral effective population size over time indicated similar dynamics for both lineages, characterized by exponential growth since the early 1980s, followed by a significant bottleneck in 2003 and another increase after 2004. Although additional factors cannot be ruled out, we provide evidence to suggest this bottleneck was the result of limited human movement from/to China during the SARS outbreak in 2003. This is the first extensive evolutionary study of HBV/C in East Asia as well as the first to assess more realistic spatial ecological influences between co‐circulating infectious diseases. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/jvh.13006 doi: 10.1111/jvh.13006 id: cord-307044-4czeehkq author: Liu, Jiaye title: Longitudinal Changes of Liver Function and Hepatitis B Reactivation in COVID‐19 Patients with Pre‐existing Chronic HBV Infection date: 2020-08-06 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: AIM: With pandemic of COVID‐19 currently and high endemic of chronic HBV infection worldwide, it is quite urgent to investigate liver function changes of COVID‐19 patients with chronic HBV infection, and how SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in turn affects the course of chronic HBV infection. METHOD: We conducted a retrospective study based on 347 COVID‐19 patients (21 vs. 326 with vs. without chronic HBV infection). With the PSM method, we yielded 20 and 51 matched patients for HBV group and non‐HBV group, respectively. RESULTS: At the end of follow‐up, all these 71 patients achieved SARS‐CoV‐2 clearance (p=0.1). During the follow‐up, 30% vs. 31.4% in HBV group vs. non‐HBV group progressed to severe COVID‐19 (p=0.97). After PSM, the longitudinal changes of median values for liver biochemistries were no significant difference between two groups. In HBV group vs. non‐HBV‐group, 35% (7/20) vs. 37.25% (19/51) (p = 0.86) had abnormal ALT at least once during hospitalization, while 30% (6/20) vs. 31.37% (16/51) for abnormal AST (p = 0.91), 40% (8/20) vs. 37.25% (19/51) for abnormal GGT (p = 0.83), and 45% (9/20) vs. 39.22% (20/51) for abnormal TBIL (p = 0.91). Moreover, 3 patients in HBV group had hepatitis B reactivation. CONCLUSIONS: Liver dysfunction presented in COVID‐19 patients with/without chronic HBV. Moreover, those COVID‐19 patients coinfected with chronic HBV could had a risk of hepatitis B reactivation. It is necessary to monitor liver function of COVID‐19 patients, as well as HBV DNA levels for those coinfected with HBV during the whole disease course. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/hepr.13553 doi: 10.1111/hepr.13553 id: cord-293646-d4qcckh1 author: Meanwell, Nicholas A. title: Chapter 22. Non-HIV antiviral agents date: 2003-12-31 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on non-HIV antiviral agents. The development of antiviral agents to treat non-HIV infections is largely focused on therapies for the treatment of chronic hepatitis infections B and C. Nucleoside analog continue to be the mainstay of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) therapeutics. The first small molecule inhibitor of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), the NS3 protease inhibitor BILN-2061, entered phase 2 clinical trials, producing a striking reduction in viral load in treated individuals. The development of the HCV replicon system and its application to screening for antiviral agents provided tangible benefit with the disclosure of mechanistically and structurally diverse HCV inhibitors. Adefovir dipivoxil has been approved in the United States and the European Union for the treatment of HBV, providing a second small molecule antiviral to add to lamivudine (3TC) and the injectable protein IFNα as the only approved agents for treating HBV infection. The chapter also provides details of the inhibitors of hepatitis B and C virus, the inhibitors of simplex virus and human cytomegalovirus, the inhibitors of respiratory viruses and the inhibitors of West Nile virus and Papilloma virus. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0065774303380236 doi: 10.1016/s0065-7743(03)38023-6 id: cord-003018-qrt07zmz author: Miyakawa, Kei title: Development of a cell-based assay to identify hepatitis B virus entry inhibitors targeting the sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide date: 2018-05-04 words: 5439.0 sentences: 280.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-003018-qrt07zmz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-003018-qrt07zmz.txt summary: Using a www.oncotarget.com flow cytometer-based screening assay with Dox-treated and untreated iNTCP cells, we identified a hybridoma clone producing anti-NTCP mAb, clone 9A8 ( Figure 2B ). To test whether the 9A8 antibody can inhibit HBV infection, we pretreated iNTCP cells and primary human hepatocytes with 9A8 mAb and subsequently infected cells with wild type HBV and HBV encoding a luciferase reporter gene (HBV-NL) [21] . iNTCP cells (G) and primary human hepatocytes (H) were infected with HBV or its reporter virus (HBV-NL) respectively, in the presence of 9A8 mAb. Anti-HBs mAb (clone 33A4, which recognizes the PreS1 domain) was used as a control. In this study, we generated iNTCP cells, which have high NTCP expression and high susceptibility to HBV infection, and also developed a monoclonal antibody (mAb) that recognizes cell-surface NTCP. Although primary hepatocytes express NTCP at low levels for the uptake of bile acids, endogenous NTCP in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines is not sufficient to achieve successful infection with HBV in vitro. abstract: Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) is a major entry receptor of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and one of the most attractive targets for anti-HBV drugs. We developed a cell-mediated drug screening method to monitor NTCP expression on the cell surface by generating a HepG2 cell line with tetracycline-inducible expression of NTCP and a monoclonal antibody that specifically detects cell-surface NTCP. Using this system, we screened a small molecule library for compounds that protected against HBV infection by targeting NTCP. We found that glabridin, a licorice-derived isoflavane, could suppress viral infection by inducing caveolar endocytosis of cell-surface NTCP with an IC(50) of ~40 μM. We also found that glabridin could attenuate the inhibitory effect of taurocholate on type I interferon signaling by depleting the level of cell-surface NTCP. These results demonstrate that our screening system could be a powerful tool for discovering drugs targeting HBV entry. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5955094/ doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.25348 id: cord-340503-zwdewiu1 author: Mokhtarzadeh, Ahad title: Nanomaterial-based biosensors for detection of pathogenic virus date: 2017-10-13 words: 7710.0 sentences: 401.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340503-zwdewiu1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340503-zwdewiu1.txt summary: Electron microscopy Viral particle Hours Broad spectrum; rapid method Necessity for presence of around 10 6 virus particles/mL for detection; similarity of morphologies [11] Hemagglutination assay Viral protein Hours Easy; inexpensive Poor sensitivity; necessity for fresh reagents [12] ELISA Viral protein Hours Only one incubation step; no hook effect at high analyte concentrations Limited concentration range in which the analyte can be quantified without sample dilution; and that the antigen or antibody produce the same response and not distinguishable in a one step [13] PCR Viral nucleic acid Hours Extremely high sensitivity; Easy to set up Extremely liable to contamination; Not easy to quantitate results; High degree of operator skill required [14] As an example for HIV, a type of virus that gradually attacks the immune system and makes it harder to fight off infections and diseases in infected body, a QDs-based rapid capture and imaging system was developed by Kim et al. abstract: Viruses are real menace to human safety that cause devastating viral disease. The high prevalence of these diseases is due to improper detecting tools. Therefore, there is a remarkable demand to identify viruses in a fast, selective and accurate way. Several biosensors have been designed and commercialized for detection of pathogenic viruses. However, they present many challenges. Nanotechnology overcomes these challenges and performs direct detection of molecular targets in real time. In this overview, studies concerning nanotechnology-based biosensors for pathogenic virus detection have been summarized, paying special attention to biosensors based on graphene oxide, silica, carbon nanotubes, gold, silver, zinc oxide and magnetic nanoparticles, which could pave the way to detect viral diseases and provide healthy life for infected patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2017.10.005 doi: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.10.005 id: cord-275795-ee7qyw5h author: Monette, Anne title: T Lymphocytes as Measurable Targets of Protection and Vaccination Against Viral Disorders date: 2018-10-24 words: 28265.0 sentences: 1205.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275795-ee7qyw5h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275795-ee7qyw5h.txt summary: We focus on immunity generated against both natural infection and vaccination, where a steady shift in conferred vaccination immunogenicity is observed from quantifying activated and proliferating, long-lived effector memory T cell subsets, as the prominent biomarkers of long-term immunity against viruses and their associated disorders causing high morbidity and mortality rates. Since that time, the occurrence of epidemics and outbreaks are now at lower risk, following the introduction of massive vaccination programs able to induce immune system targeting of viruses causing severe disorders affecting distinct geographical locations, and with many epidemiological reports demonstrating long-term efficacy of viral control of non-naïve populations. This approach is being developed to use virus-infected cell-killing antibodies that produce an antiviral environment; these termed antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)-mediating antibodies, which are predicted to link innate and adaptive immune responses, and is becoming possible due to new technologies for rapid isolation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies targeting conserved regions of influenza virus, reviewed in Jegaskanda et al. abstract: Continuous epidemiological surveillance of existing and emerging viruses and their associated disorders is gaining importance in light of their abilities to cause unpredictable outbreaks as a result of increased travel and vaccination choices by steadily growing and aging populations. Close surveillance of outbreaks and herd immunity are also at the forefront, even in industrialized countries, where previously eradicated viruses are now at risk of re-emergence due to instances of strain recombination, contractions in viral vector geographies, and from their potential use as agents of bioterrorism. There is a great need for the rational design of current and future vaccines targeting viruses, with a strong focus on vaccine targeting of adaptive immune effector memory T cells as the gold standard of immunity conferring long-lived protection against a wide variety of pathogens and malignancies. Here, we review viruses that have historically caused large outbreaks and severe lethal disorders, including respiratory, gastric, skin, hepatic, neurologic, and hemorrhagic fevers. To observe trends in vaccinology against these viral disorders, we describe viral genetic, replication, transmission, and tropism, host-immune evasion strategies, and the epidemiology and health risks of their associated syndromes. We focus on immunity generated against both natural infection and vaccination, where a steady shift in conferred vaccination immunogenicity is observed from quantifying activated and proliferating, long-lived effector memory T cell subsets, as the prominent biomarkers of long-term immunity against viruses and their associated disorders causing high morbidity and mortality rates. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1937644818300844 doi: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.07.006 id: cord-016704-99v4brjf author: Nicholson, Felicity title: Infectious Diseases: The Role of the Forensic Physician date: 2005 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Infections have plagued doctors for centuries, in both the diagnosis of the specific diseases and the identification and subsequent management of the causative agents. There is a constant need for information as new organisms emerge, existing ones develop resistance to current drugs or vaccines, and changes in epidemiology and prevalence occur. In the 21st century, obtaining this information has never been more important. Population migration and the relatively low cost of flying means that unfamiliar infectious diseases may be brought into industrialized countries. An example of this was an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), which was first recognized in 2003. Despite modern technology and a huge input of money, it took months for the agent to be identified, a diagnostic test to be produced, and a strategy for disease reporting and isolation to be established. There is no doubt that other new and fascinating diseases will continue to emerge. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7121068/ doi: 10.1385/1-59259-913-3:235 id: cord-032183-yqqqe325 author: Ning, Qin title: Antiviral Therapy for AECHB and Severe Hepatitis B (Liver Failure) date: 2019-05-21 words: 32675.0 sentences: 1658.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-032183-yqqqe325.txt txt: ./txt/cord-032183-yqqqe325.txt summary: Patients awaiting liver transplantation because of HBV-related end-stage liver disease or liver cancer should be given nucleoside analogues with strong HBV inhibition and low drug-resistance, or nucleotides analogues combination treatment, in order to reduce viral load and prevent graft re-infection. The objective of antiviral treatment for HBV-ACLF is to reduce viral load at an appreciably high rate, thereby promoting reduction in hepatocyte cell death and improved survival outcomes by prevention of decompensation related multiorgan complications in this group of severely ill patients. Response-Guided Therapy 4006 study [126] suggested continuous treatment with LAM (10 years) delayed clinical progression in patients with chronic hepatitis and advanced fibrosis by significantly reducing the incidence of the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatic decompensation. abstract: This chapter describes the principles of antiviral therapy, treatment strategies, medications and recommendations for AECHB, HBV-ACLF, HBV-related liver cirrhosis, HBV-related HCC, and liver transplantation. 1. Severe exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B is closely related to continuous HBV replication. Therefore, inhibiting HBV replication to reduce viral load may block disease progression and improve the quality of life of these patients. ETV or TDF has been recommend first-line drug for the treatment of AECHB. 2. A hyperactive immune response due to continuous HBV replication is the main mechanism for development of severe hepatitis B. In addition to comprehensive treatment, early administration of potent nucleoside analogs can rapidly reduce HBV DNA concentration, relieve immune injury induced by HBV, and reduce liver inflammation and patient mortality. Antiviral agents have become important in the treatment of severe exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B. 3. Long-term antiviral treatment with nucleoside analogs can delay or reverse the progress of liver cirrhosis. Virologic response, viral resistance and adverse drug reactions should be closely monitored during treatment. The treatment should be optimized for maximum effect based on each patient’s responses. 4. Effective antiviral therapy can suppress HBV replication and reduce the incidence of HBV-related HCC. Patients with HBV-related HCC should receive individualized and optimal multidisciplinary comprehensive treatment. Anti-viral drugs with high efficacy, low resistance and low adverse drug reactions should be selected to improve the patient’s quality of life and prolong survival time. 5. Methods to prevent HBV reinfection after liver transplantation include passive immunization (HBIG), antiviral treatment (nucleoside analogs) and active immunization (hepatitis B vaccine). 6. Clinical trials involving sequential combination therapy with NUC and Peg-IFN have shown statistically significant decline in HBsAg levels on treatment and high rates of sustained post-treatment serologic response. Combination therapy with novel DAA and immunotherapeutic approach may hold promise to overcome both cccDNA persistence and immune escape, representing a critical step towards HBV cure. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7498919/ doi: 10.1007/978-94-024-1603-9_5 id: cord-334150-t6n95laz author: PENG, LIANG title: Serum proteomics analysis and comparisons using iTRAQ in the progression of hepatitis B date: 2013-09-18 words: 3190.0 sentences: 152.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334150-t6n95laz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334150-t6n95laz.txt summary: The aim of this study was to analyze the changes in serum protein levels in the progression of hepatitis B using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) analysis, in addition to comparing the serum protein levels of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), patients with hepatitis B virus-induced acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-induced ACLF) and normal individuals. Five of those proteins, C-reactive protein precursor, hemoglobin β chain variant Hb S-Wake, apolipoprotein J precursor, platelet factor 4 precursor and vitronectin, which demonstrated the greatest differences in their expression levels and the most significant correlation with liver diseases, were subsequently verified using western blotting. The purpose of this study was to analyze serum protein levels using iTRAQ in normal controls, as well as patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and HBV-induced ACLF, and to verify those results using western blotting. The aim of this study was to describe the changes in serum protein levels in patients with CHB and HBV-induced ACLF, respectively, compared with healthy controls using iTRAQ and western blotting. abstract: The aim of this study was to analyze the changes in serum protein levels in the progression of hepatitis B using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) analysis, in addition to comparing the serum protein levels of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), patients with hepatitis B virus-induced acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-induced ACLF) and normal individuals. Protein analysis was performed on 15 serum samples using iTRAQ. The study population included healthy controls (n=5), patients with CHB (n=5) and patients with HBV-induced ACLF (n=5). Western blotting was used to verify the results in an additional nine serum samples from healthy controls, patients with CHB and patients with HBV-induced ACLF (n=3, respectively). Using iTRAQ analysis, 16 different serum proteins with ≥1.5-fold differences in expression levels were identified in the patients with CHB and ACLF compared with the healthy controls. Five of those proteins, C-reactive protein precursor, hemoglobin β chain variant Hb S-Wake, apolipoprotein J precursor, platelet factor 4 precursor and vitronectin, which demonstrated the greatest differences in their expression levels and the most significant correlation with liver diseases, were subsequently verified using western blotting. The western blotting results were consistent with the results from the iTRAQ. Two of the five proteins are not classified by biological process, and the biological functions of all the proteins in HBV-induced ACLF remain unclear. This preliminary study demonstrated that a correlation between the expression of various serum proteins and the different pathogenetic conditions induced by HBV may exist. The analysis of a larger number of samples is required to identify potential protein biomarkers that may be involved in the pathogenesis and progression of hepatitis B. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24223640/ doi: 10.3892/etm.2013.1310 id: cord-264488-989t9ld1 author: Park, Il-Hyun title: Inhibition of hepatitis B virus replication by ligand-mediated activation of RNase L date: 2014-02-06 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: RNase L is a cellular endoribonuclease that is activated by 2′,5′-linked oligoadenylates (2–5A), which are unique and specific ligands synthesized by a family of interferon-inducible, dsRNA-activated enzymes named oligoadenylate synthetases. In the typical antiviral pathway, activated RNase L degrades viral and cellular RNAs, thus limiting viral replication and spread. Although the antiviral activity of RNase L has been demonstrated for several RNA viruses, there is little evidence regarding its role against DNA viruses. In the present study, the potential antiviral activity of RNase L against hepatitis B virus (HBV) was explored utilizing the recently reported infection protocol based on human hepatoma HepG2 cells stably complemented with the virus entry factor NTCP. Viral replication and expression in this cell type was markedly inhibited by poly(I:C)- or 2–5A-mediated activation of RNase L; however, the inhibition was significantly reversed by RNase L knockdown. Further analysis in HBV1.2-transfected Huh-7 hepatoma cells indicated that the antiviral activity of RNase L depends on its ribonuclease function. We also provide evidence for the specific roles of OAS family members in this process. These results suggest that HBV replication can be regulated through interferon-mediated RNA decay pathways and that activation of these host antiviral factors may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for HBV infection. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24509240/ doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.01.021 id: cord-030369-4dn02a35 author: Peng, Liang title: Clinical Manifestations and Laboratory Tests of AECHB and Severe Hepatitis (Liver Failure) date: 2019-05-21 words: 35858.0 sentences: 1603.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-030369-4dn02a35.txt txt: ./txt/cord-030369-4dn02a35.txt summary: Once pulmonary infection is present, the disease condition will likely deteriorate, directly causing death; (3) a majority of infections are nosocomial infection, and pathogens are usually resistant to common antibiotics, making therapy challenging; (4) the pathogens causing infection are diverse but mainly Gram-negative bacteria, although the incidence of Gram-positive and fungal infections is increasing; (5) infection is closely related to the prognosis for liver failure patients. Although their clinical manifestation differ significantly, the "coexistence of acute and chronic failures" is shared by failures of all those organs; (2) CLF classification has been generally recognized at home and abroad, and the necessity of classification are further proved by the difference between CLF and the other three types; (3) CLF cases are relatively large in proportion (nearly 30%), which is still increasing (since the proportion of ALF/SALF are lowering); (4) Complications of CLF are common and are found in various forms, with bad prognosis; (5) In CLF patients with correlation to HBV, virus replication are commonly found, which is closely related to decompensation. abstract: This chapter describes the clinical symptoms and signs of AECHB and HBV ACLF, classification, grading of HBV ACLF and their features, diagnostic principles and standards in liver pathology, biochemistry, and virology of HBV ACLF. 1. Liver failure is defined as serious damage to the liver cause by a variety of etiologies, leading to liver function disorder or even decompensation, and clinical syndromes with coagulopathy, jaundice, hepatic encephalopathy, and ascites. 2. Severe hepatitis B can be indicated pathologically by apparent hepatocellular necrosis, including extensive multifocal, confluent, bridging, sub-massive or massive necrosis. 3. Laboratory tests during the course of severe exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B can reflect pathological changes and liver function in a timely manner, providing objective and informative reference data for evaluation of disease severity and treatment efficacy. Among the most important laboratory tests are those for prothrombin activity, international normalized ratio, and increases in total bilirubin concentration. 4. Severe hepatitis B is associated with interactions between the virus and host factors. Detection of HBV DNA, HBV genotype, quasispecies and HBV mutation can provide important theoretical bases for the prevention, control or mitigation of the progress of severe hepatitis B. 5. Noninvasive imaging modalities can be used to visualize the entire liver and parts of it. Measuring liver volume to evaluate liver size and liver reserve capacity is regarded as important in diagnosis, surgical approach and prognostic evaluation of patients with severe exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B and liver failure. 6. Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) is the first quantitative method developed to assess whether a patient with liver failure requires a liver transplant. The predictive value of the MELD model has been improved by the MELD-Na, iMELD, and MESO models. Several other valuable prognostic models have been developed. For example, for patients with HBV-ACLF, the established TPPM scoring system was found to be more predictive than MELD score. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7418529/ doi: 10.1007/978-94-024-1603-9_1 id: cord-252586-fuaoelgb author: Phillips, Sandra title: Alisporivir Inhibition of Hepatocyte Cyclophilins Reduces HBV Replication and Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Production date: 2014-10-08 words: 5530.0 sentences: 296.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252586-fuaoelgb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252586-fuaoelgb.txt summary: METHODS: Liver-derived cell lines producing full-length HBV and HBsAg particles, owing to stable (HepG2215) or transient (HuH-7) transfection, or infected with HBV (HepaRG cells; Invitrogen [Carlsbad, CA]), were incubated with alisporivir or NIM811 alone, or alisporivir in combination with a direct antiviral (telbivudine). Alisporivir treatment of HepG2215 cells resulted in a progressive reduction of secreted and intracellular, nucleocapsid-associated HBV DNA dependent on both drug concentration and time of drug exposure ( Figure 1A and B). NIM811 treatment of HepG2215 and of HepaRG cells also reduced the secreted and intracellular nucleocapsidassociated HBV DNA, however, its antiviral effect was lower than alisporivir (Supplementary Figure 3) . As stated earlier, alisporivir at 5 mg/mL reduced intracellular HBV-DNA levels by 73% and 58% in HuH-7 and HepG2215 cells, respectively, after 72 hours of treatment ( Figure 1B and D) . abstract: BACKGROUND & AIMS: Cyclophilins are host factors required for hepatitis C virus replication. Cyclophilin inhibitors such as alisporivir have shown strong anti–hepatitis C virus activity in vitro and in clinical studies. However, little is known about whether hepatocyte cyclophilins are involved in the hepatitis B virus (HBV) life cycle. We investigated the effects of 2 cyclophilin inhibitors (alisporivir and NIM811) on HBV replication and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) production in cell lines. METHODS: Liver-derived cell lines producing full-length HBV and HBsAg particles, owing to stable (HepG2215) or transient (HuH-7) transfection, or infected with HBV (HepaRG cells; Invitrogen [Carlsbad, CA]), were incubated with alisporivir or NIM811 alone, or alisporivir in combination with a direct antiviral (telbivudine). The roles of individual cyclophilins in drug response was evaluated by small interfering RNA knockdown of cyclophilin (CYP)A, CYPC, or CYPD in HepG2215 cells, or CYPA knockdown in HuH-7 cells. The kinetics of antiviral activity were assessed based on levels of HBV DNA and HBsAg and Southern blot analysis. RESULTS: In HepG2215, HuH-7, and HepaRG cells, alisporivir reduced intracellular and secreted HBV DNA, in a dose-dependent manner. Knockdown of CYPA, CYPC, or CYPD (reduced by 80%) significantly reduced levels of HBV DNA and secreted HBsAg. Knockdown of CYPA significantly reduced secretion of HBsAg, leading to accumulation of intracellular HBsAg; the addition of alisporivir greatly reduced levels of HBsAg in these cells. The combination of alisporivir and telbivudine had greater antiviral effects than those of telbivudine or alisporivir alone. CONCLUSIONS: Alisporivir inhibition of cyclophilins in hepatocyte cell lines reduces replication of HBV DNA and HBsAg production and secretion. These effects are potentiated in combination with direct antiviral agents that target HBV-DNA polymerase. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0016508514011998 doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2014.10.004 id: cord-000736-6f8vyziv author: Pripuzova, Natalia title: Development of Real-Time PCR Array for Simultaneous Detection of Eight Human Blood-Borne Viral Pathogens date: 2012-08-17 words: 6818.0 sentences: 328.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-000736-6f8vyziv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-000736-6f8vyziv.txt summary: FINDINGS: We developed a real-time PCR array capable of simultaneously detecting eight human viral pathogens: human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and -2), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human T-cell leukemia virus-1 and -2 (HTLV-1 and -2), vaccinia virus (VACV) and West Nile virus (WNV). The analytical sensitivity of each primer set was determined in the single virus testing using FDA/CBER panels (kindly provided by Dr. Stephen Kerby, FDA/CBER) consisting of various amounts of the viruses (0-1,000 genome copies/ml) spiked into the ''''normal'''' human plasma. The results of sensitivity testing of the real-time PCR array primer sets specific for HIV-1, HIV-2, HBV, HCV, and WNV the with FDA/CBER analytical plasma panels. Tm and C(t) values obtained with primer sets specific for HIV-1, HCV, or HBV in testing of 17 human clinical samples in the format of PCR array targeting eight different viruses. abstract: BACKGROUND: Real-time PCR array for rapid detection of multiple viral pathogens should be highly useful in cases where the sample volume and the time of testing are limited, i.e. in the eligibility testing of tissue and organ donors. FINDINGS: We developed a real-time PCR array capable of simultaneously detecting eight human viral pathogens: human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and -2), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human T-cell leukemia virus-1 and -2 (HTLV-1 and -2), vaccinia virus (VACV) and West Nile virus (WNV). One hundred twenty (120) primers were designed using a combination of bioinformatics approaches, and, after experimental testing, 24 primer sets targeting eight viral pathogens were selected to set up the array with SYBR Green chemistry. The specificity and sensitivity of the virus-specific primer sets selected for the array were evaluated using analytical panels with known amounts of viruses spiked into human plasma. The array detected: 10 genome equivalents (geq)/ml of HIV-2 and HCV, 50 geq of HIV-1 (subtype B), HBV (genotype A) and WNV. It detected 100–1,000 geq/ml of plasma of HIV-1 subtypes (A – G), group N and CRF (AE and AG) isolates. Further evaluation with a panel consisting of 28 HIV-1 and HIV-2 clinical isolates revealed no cross-reactivity of HIV-1 or HIV-2 specific primers with another type of HIV. All 28 viral isolates were identified with specific primer sets targeting the most conserved genome areas. The PCR array correctly identified viral infections in a panel of 17 previously quantified clinical plasma samples positive for HIV-1, HCV or HBV at as low as several geq per PCR reaction. CONCLUSIONS: The viral array described here demonstrated adequate performance in the testing of donors’ clinical samples. Further improvement in its sensitivity for the broad spectrum of HIV-1 subtypes is under development. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3422334/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043246 id: cord-312965-5hcb15xc author: Qi, Yan-fei title: In vitro anti-hepatitis B and SARS virus activities of a titanium-substituted-heteropolytungstate date: 2011-11-23 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: A structural determined heteropolytungstate, [K(4)(H(2)O)(8)Cl][K(4)(H(2)O)(4)PTi(2)W(10)O(40)]·NH(2)OH 1, has been synthesized and evaluated for in vitro antiviral activities against hepatitis B (HBV) and SARS virus. The identity and high purity of compound 1 were confirmed by elemental analysis, NMR, IR analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound 1, evaluated in HepG 2.2.15 cells expressing permanently HBV, significantly reduced the levels of HBV antigens and HBV DNA in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. EC(50) values were determined to be 54 μM for HBeAg, 61 μM for HBsAg and 2.66 μM for supernatant HBV DNA, as compared to 1671, 1570, 169 μM, respectively, for the commercially-available hepatitis B drug adefovir dipivoxil (ADV). Intracellular cccDNA, pgRNA and HBcAg were also found to be decreased by compound 1 in a concentration-dependent manner. Cytotoxicity results showed that compound 1 has low toxicity in HepG 2 cells with CC(50) value of 515.20 μM. The results indicate that compound 1 can efficiently inhibit HBV replication in HepG 2.2.15 cells line in vitro. Additionally, compound 1 also shows high anti-SARS activity at an EC(50) of 7.08 μM and toxicity with a CC(50) of 118.6 μM against MDCK cells. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22127069/ doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2011.11.003 id: cord-274080-884x48on author: Rumlová, Michaela title: In vitro methods for testing antiviral drugs date: 2018-06-30 words: 17989.0 sentences: 941.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274080-884x48on.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274080-884x48on.txt summary: For the majority of animal viruses, the activation of these fusion or penetration mechanisms occurs through conformational changes and structural rearrangements in viral surface proteins and/or the whole virion shell that may destabilize the capsid core. D: Three mechanisms (I.-III.) of DNA viruses replication are shown: (I): Following entry and uncoating, the DNA genome is transported to the nucleus; products of early genes (regulatory proteins, transcription factors) regulate the synthesis of viral enzymes (e.g. DNA polymerase) required for genome replication; expression of late genes encoding structural capsid proteins in the cytosol, they are then transported into nucleus where packaging and pre-assembly take place; preassembled procapsids exit the nucleus and leave the cell (e.g. Herpesviruses). Here, we provide an overview of in vitro methods, including cell-based assays, that may be suitable for screening of antivirotics that interfere with the key steps of viral life cycles and target either virus or cell-encoded proteins required for the infectivity. abstract: Abstract Despite successful vaccination programs and effective treatments for some viral infections, humans are still losing the battle with viruses. Persisting human pandemics, emerging and re-emerging viruses, and evolution of drug-resistant strains impose continuous search for new antiviral drugs. A combination of detailed information about the molecular organization of viruses and progress in molecular biology and computer technologies has enabled rational antivirals design. Initial step in establishing efficacy of new antivirals is based on simple methods assessing inhibition of the intended target. We provide here an overview of biochemical and cell-based assays evaluating the activity of inhibitors of clinically important viruses. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29292156/ doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.12.016 id: cord-318853-mxyxwkhx author: Sallie, Richard title: Replicative homeostasis II: Influence of polymerase fidelity on RNA virus quasispecies biology: Implications for immune recognition, viral autoimmunity and other "virus receptor" diseases date: 2005-08-22 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Much of the worlds' population is in active or imminent danger from established infectious pathogens, while sporadic and pandemic infections by these and emerging agents threaten everyone. RNA polymerases (RNA(pol)) generate enormous genetic and consequent antigenic heterogeneity permitting both viruses and cellular pathogens to evade host defences. Thus, RNA(pol )causes more morbidity and premature mortality than any other molecule. The extraordinary genetic heterogeneity defining viral quasispecies results from RNA(pol )infidelity causing rapid cumulative genomic RNA mutation a process that, if uncontrolled, would cause catastrophic loss of sequence integrity and inexorable quasispecies extinction. Selective replication and replicative homeostasis, an epicyclical regulatory mechanism dynamically linking RNApol fidelity and processivity with quasispecies phenotypic diversity, modulating polymerase fidelity and, hence, controlling quasispecies behaviour, prevents this happening and also mediates immune escape. Perhaps more importantly, ineluctable generation of broad phenotypic diversity after viral RNA is translated to protein quasispecies suggests a mechanism of disease that specifically targets, and functionally disrupts, the host cell surface molecules – including hormone, lipid, cell signalling or neurotransmitter receptors – that viruses co-opt for cell entry. This mechanism – "Viral Receptor Disease (VRD)" – may explain so-called "viral autoimmunity", some classical autoimmune disorders and other diseases, including type II diabetes mellitus, and some forms of obesity. Viral receptor disease is a unifying hypothesis that may also explain some diseases with well-established, but multi-factorial and apparently unrelated aetiologies – like coronary artery and other vascular diseases – in addition to diseases like schizophrenia that are poorly understood and lack plausible, coherent, pathogenic explanations. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16115320/ doi: 10.1186/1743-422x-2-70 id: cord-009636-5kddituy author: Shirbaghaee, Zeinab title: Different applications of virus‐like particles in biology and medicine: Vaccination and delivery systems date: 2015-12-22 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Virus‐like particles (VLPs) mimic the whole construct of virus particles devoid of viral genome as used in subunit vaccine design. VLPs can elicit efficient protective immunity as direct immunogens compared to soluble antigens co‐administered with adjuvants in several booster injections. Up to now, several prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems such as insect, yeast, plant, and E. coli were used to express recombinant proteins, especially for VLP production. Recent studies are also generating VLPs in plants using different transient expression vectors for edible vaccines. VLPs and viral particles have been applied for different functions such as gene therapy, vaccination, nanotechnology, and diagnostics. Herein, we describe VLP production in different systems as well as its applications in biology and medicine. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 105: 113–132, 2016. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7161881/ doi: 10.1002/bip.22759 id: cord-287151-4hlvrfeh author: Steinmann, J title: Surrogate viruses for testing virucidal efficacy of chemical disinfectants date: 2004-04-30 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Abstract Since important agents of viral nosocomial infections like hepatitis B and C viruses and norovirus do not replicate sufficiently in cell culture systems, disinfectants with suspected efficacy against these viruses must be evaluated by different methods. Besides molecular approaches and indirect tests, the use of surrogate viruses with similar biophysical properties and genomic structure allows the assessment of virucidal efficacy of chemical disinfectants in quantitative suspension tests. Furthermore, insights into the survival of these viruses in the environment are possible. In recent years, duck hepatitis B virus and bovine viral diarrhoea virus have been tested as surrogates for hepatitis B and C viruses. Feline calicivirus serves as a surrogate for the group of norovirus. By including these viruses in inactivation experiments, valuable data from suspension tests can be derived on the virucidal efficacy of chemical disinfectants. Even in vivo tests using fingerpads of adult volunteers can be performed with these animal viruses without risk of infection. In contrast to in vitro examinations, the results of these tests allow use recommendations of chemical disinfectants for outbreak situations and daily routine disinfection. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195670103005188 doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2003.12.030 id: cord-001247-pxzbirqd author: Sun, Lu title: A new unconventional HLA-A2-restricted epitope from HBV core protein elicits antiviral cytotoxic T lymphocytes date: 2014-03-22 words: 4630.0 sentences: 259.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-001247-pxzbirqd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-001247-pxzbirqd.txt summary: Our data therefore provide insights into the structure characteristics of this unconventional epitope binding to MHC-I molecules, as well as epitope specific CTL activity that orchestrate T cell response and immune evasion in HBV infected patients. To identify immune-dominant HBV-specific CTL epitopes, especially epitopes from HBc protein, is therefore necessary for monitoring T cell responses during disease progression, as well as for developing epitope-based therapeutic vaccines against CHB (Inchauspe and Michel, 2007; Gordon et al., 2013; Liu et al., 2013a, b) . To further determine the epitope-specific CTLs, fresh PBMCs from HLA-A2 + AHB patients were stimulated with HBc141-149 peptide and detected by ex vivo IFN-γ ELISPOT assays. In this study, we identified a new HLA-A2-restricted CD8 + T cell epitope HBc141-149 by screening an overlapping 9-mer peptide pool covering HBV core protein. abstract: Cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) play a key role in the control of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and viral clearance. However, most of identified CTL epitopes are derived from HBV of genotypes A and D, and few have been defined in virus of genotypes B and C which are more prevalent in Asia. As HBV core protein (HBc) is the most conservative and immunogenic component, in this study we used an overlapping 9-mer peptide pool covering HBc to screen and identify specific CTL epitopes. An unconventional HLA-A2-restricted epitope HBc141–149 was discovered and structurally characterized by crystallization analysis. The immunogenicity and anti-HBV activity were further determined in HBV and HLA-A2 transgenic mice. Finally, we show that mutations in HBc141–149 epitope are associated with viral parameters and disease progression in HBV infected patients. Our data therefore provide insights into the structure characteristics of this unconventional epitope binding to MHC-I molecules, as well as epitope specific CTL activity that orchestrate T cell response and immune evasion in HBV infected patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3978166/ doi: 10.1007/s13238-014-0041-4 id: cord-297077-p604vvbi author: Tai, Dar‐In title: A global perspective on hepatitis B‐related single nucleotide polymorphisms and evolution during human migration date: 2017-11-06 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Genome‐wide association studies have indicated that human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐DP and HLA‐DQ play roles in persistent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Asia. To understand the evolution of HBV‐related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and to correlate these SNPs with chronic HBV infection among different populations, we conducted a global perspective study on hepatitis‐related SNPs. We selected 12 HBV‐related SNPs on the HLA locus and two HBV and three hepatitis C virus immune‐related SNPs for analysis. Five nasopharyngeal carcinoma‐related SNPs served as controls. All SNP data worldwide from 26 populations were downloaded from 1,000 genomes. We found a dramatic difference in the allele frequency in most of the HBV‐ and HLA‐related SNPs in East Asia compared to the other continents. A sharp change in allele frequency in 8 of 12 SNPs was found between Bengali populations in Bangladesh and Chinese Dai populations in Xishuangbanna, China (P < 0.001); these areas represent the junction of South and East Asia. For the immune‐related SNPs, significant changes were found after leaving Africa. Most of these genes shifted from higher expression genotypes in Africa to lower expression genotypes in either Europe or South Asia (P < 0.001). During this two‐stage adaptation, immunity adjusted toward a weak immune response, which could have been a survival strategy during human migration to East Asia. The prevalence of chronic HBV infection in Africa is as high as in Asia; however, the HBV‐related SNP genotypes are not present in Africa, and so the genetic mechanism of chronic HBV infection in Africa needs further exploration. Conclusion: Two stages of genetic changes toward a weak immune response occurred when humans migrated out of Africa. These changes could be a survival strategy for avoiding cytokine storms and surviving in new environments. (Hepatology Communications 2017;1:1005–1013) url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29404438/ doi: 10.1002/hep4.1113 id: cord-325280-4whzcmqv author: Takizawa, Naoki title: Current landscape and future prospects of antiviral drugs derived from microbial products date: 2017-10-11 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Viral infections are a major global health threat. Over the last 50 years, significant efforts have been devoted to the development of antiviral drugs and great success has been achieved for some viruses. However, other virus infections, such as epidemic influenza, still spread globally and new threats continue to arise from emerging and re-emerging viruses and drug-resistant viruses. In this review, the contributions of microbial products isolated in Institute of Microbial Chemistry for antiviral research are summarized. In addition, the current state of development of antiviral drugs that target influenza virus and hepatitis B virus, and the future prospects for antivirals from natural products are described and discussed. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29018267/ doi: 10.1038/ja.2017.115 id: cord-350964-0jtfc271 author: Van Nguyen, Dung title: Detection and Characterization of Homologues of Human Hepatitis Viruses and Pegiviruses in Rodents and Bats in Vietnam date: 2018-02-28 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Rodents and bats are now widely recognised as important sources of zoonotic virus infections in other mammals, including humans. Numerous surveys have expanded our knowledge of diverse viruses in a range of rodent and bat species, including their origins, evolution, and range of hosts. In this study of pegivirus and human hepatitis-related viruses, liver and serum samples from Vietnamese rodents and bats were examined by PCR and sequencing. Nucleic acids homologous to human hepatitis B, C, E viruses were detected in liver samples of 2 (1.3%) of 157 bats, 38 (8.1%), and 14 (3%) of 470 rodents, respectively. Hepacivirus-like viruses were frequently detected (42.7%) in the bamboo rat, Rhizomys pruinosus, while pegivirus RNA was only evident in 2 (0.3%) of 638 rodent serum samples. Complete or near-complete genome sequences of HBV, HEV and pegivirus homologues closely resembled those previously reported from rodents and bats. However, complete coding region sequences of the rodent hepacivirus-like viruses substantially diverged from all of the currently classified variants and potentially represent a new species in the Hepacivirus genus. Of the viruses identified, their routes of transmission and potential to establish zoonoses remain to be determined. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/v10030102 doi: 10.3390/v10030102 id: cord-285505-8norumv6 author: Vere Hodge, R. Anthony title: Meeting report: 27th International conference on antiviral research, in Raleigh, NC, USA date: 2014-09-16 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The 27th International Conference on Antiviral Research (ICAR) was held in Raleigh, North Carolina, USA from May 12 to 16, 2014. This article summarizes the principal invited lectures. John Drach (Elion Award) described the early days of antiviral drugs and their novel modes of action. Piet Herdewijn (Holý Award) used evolutionary pressure to select DNA polymerases that accept nucleoside analogs. Replacing thymine by 5-chlorouracil led to the generation of a new form of Escherichia coli. Adrian Ray (Prusoff Award) demonstrated how prodrugs can markedly improve both the efficacy and safety of potential drugs. The keynote addresses, by David Margolis and Myron Cohen, tackled two emerging areas of HIV research, to find an HIV “cure” and to prevent HIV transmission, respectively. These topics were discussed further in other presentations – a cure seems to be a distant prospect but there are exciting developments for reducing HIV transmission. TDF-containing vaginal rings and GSK-744, as a long-lasting injection, offer great hope. There were three mini-symposia. Although therapy with TDF/FTC gives excellent control of HBV replication, there are only a few patients who achieve a functional cure. Myrcludex, an entry inhibitor, is active against both HBV and HDV. The recent progress with HBV replication in cell cultures has transformed the search for new antiviral compounds. The HBV capsid protein has been recognized as key player in HBV DNA synthesis. Unexpectedly, compounds which enhance capsid formation, markedly reduce HBV DNA synthesis. The development of BCX4430, which is active against Marburg and Ebola viruses, is of great current interest. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0166354214002460 doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.08.009 id: cord-264713-38dlh3wg author: Vernet, Guy title: Molecular diagnostics in virology date: 2004-08-20 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Molecular biology has significantly improved diagnosis in the field of clinical virology. Virus discovery and rapid implementation of diagnostic tests for newly discovered viruses has strongly beneficiated from the development of molecular techniques. Viral load and antiviral resistance or subtyping assays are now part of the biological monitoring of patients chronically infected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and CMV. It will be important to add to this panel assays for other viruses of the herpesviridae family. Qualitative assays for the detection of blood-borne viruses have increased safety of blood donation and organ transplantation. Screening of other blood-borne viruses (parvovirus B19, HAV), multiplexing of detection and test automation to improve practicability and reduce costs will be the next steps. A major evolution in the near future will be the generalization of NAT for the diagnosis of viral etiology in patients, mostly with respiratory, CNS or gastro-intestinal diseases. Major technical improvements have been made to avoid obstacles that still limit this generalization, i.e. genetic variability of viruses, multiplex detection, contamination risk. Commercial offers already exist but menus must be extended to limit the validation and documentation work associated with home-brew assays. Real-time amplification has allowed the development of new NAT platforms but automation and integration of all steps of the reaction are still required to reduce hands-on-time, time-to-result and costs, and to increase throughput. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1386653204001696 doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2004.06.003 id: cord-022607-34hj17sn author: Wain‐Hobson, Simon title: Editing HBV into oblivion date: 2004-11-24 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7159097/ doi: 10.1002/hep.20499 id: cord-347710-ff64y6ef author: Wan, Qianya title: Stress proteins: the biological functions in virus infection, present and challenges for target-based antiviral drug development date: 2020-07-13 words: 36567.0 sentences: 2487.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347710-ff64y6ef.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347710-ff64y6ef.txt summary: hnRNPs involve in a large number of cellular processes, including chromatin remodelling, transcription regulation, RNP assembly and stabilization, RNA export, virus replication, histone-like nucleoid structuring, and even intracellular immunity. 6, 13 It is well known that Hsp90 not only interacts and contributes to RNA polymerase assembly and nuclear import of some (−) ssRNA viruses (e.g., PB2 of influenza virus), but plays crucial roles in the folding process of viral capsid proteins and virion assemblies as well. 17, 18 As a critical component of cellular protein surveillance, the ATP-dependent molecular chaperone protects cells from damage caused by stress and takes part in a number of folding processes, including folding of newly synthesized polypeptides, recognition and refolding of misfolded or aggregated proteins, solubilization or degradation of proteins, transporting proteins, assembly or disassembly of oligomeric protein complexes, and the regulation of certain natively folded proteins. abstract: Stress proteins (SPs) including heat-shock proteins (HSPs), RNA chaperones, and ER associated stress proteins are molecular chaperones essential for cellular homeostasis. The major functions of HSPs include chaperoning misfolded or unfolded polypeptides, protecting cells from toxic stress, and presenting immune and inflammatory cytokines. Regarded as a double-edged sword, HSPs also cooperate with numerous viruses and cancer cells to promote their survival. RNA chaperones are a group of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs), which are essential factors for manipulating both the functions and metabolisms of pre-mRNAs/hnRNAs transcribed by RNA polymerase II. hnRNPs involve in a large number of cellular processes, including chromatin remodelling, transcription regulation, RNP assembly and stabilization, RNA export, virus replication, histone-like nucleoid structuring, and even intracellular immunity. Dysregulation of stress proteins is associated with many human diseases including human cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Parkinson’s diseases, Alzheimer disease), stroke and infectious diseases. In this review, we summarized the biologic function of stress proteins, and current progress on their mechanisms related to virus reproduction and diseases caused by virus infections. As SPs also attract a great interest as potential antiviral targets (e.g., COVID-19), we also discuss the present progress and challenges in this area of HSP-based drug development, as well as with compounds already under clinical evaluation. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32661235/ doi: 10.1038/s41392-020-00233-4 id: cord-009813-o8ai730r author: Wang, Wei title: Major vault protein plays important roles in viral infection date: 2019-11-26 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Viral replication and related protein expression inside the host cells, and host antiviral immune responses can lead to the occurrence of diverse diseases. With the outbreak of viral infection, a large number of newly diagnosed and died patients infected with various viruses are still reported every year. Viral infection has already been one of the major global public health issues and lead to huge economic and social burdens. Studying of viral pathogenesis is a very important way to find methods for prevention, diagnosis, and cure of viral infection; more evidence has confirmed that major vault protein (MVP) is closely associated with viral infection and pathogenesis, and this review is intended to provide a broad relationship between viruses and MVP to stimulate the interest of related researchers. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7165711/ doi: 10.1002/iub.2200 id: cord-321481-vrfwczve author: Watashi, Koichi title: NTCP and Beyond: Opening the Door to Unveil Hepatitis B Virus Entry date: 2014-02-19 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, affecting approximately 240 million people worldwide, is a major public health problem that elevates the risk of developing liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Given that current anti-HBV drugs are limited to interferon-based regimens and nucleos(t)ide analogs, the development of new anti-HBV agents is urgently needed. The viral entry process is generally an attractive target implicated in antiviral strategies. Using primary cells from humans and Tupaia belangeri, as well as HepaRG cells, important determinants of viral entry have been achieved. Recently, sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) was identified as an HBV entry receptor and enabled the establishment of a susceptible cell line that can efficiently support HBV infection. This finding will allow a deeper understanding of the requirements for efficient HBV infection, including the elucidation of the molecular entry mechanism. In addition, pharmacological studies suggest that NTCP is able to serve as a therapeutic target. This article summarizes our current knowledge on the mechanisms of HBV entry and the role of NTCP in this process. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms15022892 doi: 10.3390/ijms15022892 id: cord-280643-n8qjorqk author: Wu, Kai-Lang title: Inhibition of Hepatitis B virus gene expression by single and dual small interfering RNA treatment date: 2005-04-26 words: 3749.0 sentences: 252.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280643-n8qjorqk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280643-n8qjorqk.txt summary: To circumvent the problem that mutation in HBV genome may result in resistance when siRNA is further developed as an anti-viral drug, in this study, we established a dual small interfering RNA (siRNA) expression system, which could simultaneously express two different siRNA molecules that can specifically target two genes. To test the effectiveness of this system, we applied this new approach to express simultaneously two different 21-bp hairpin siRNA duplexes that specifically attack the HBs and HBx genes of HBV, respectively, in Bel-7402 and HepG2.2.15 cells. Results indicated that dual siRNA could simultaneously inhibit the expression of HBs and HBx gene by 83.7% and 87.5%, respectively, based on luciferase assays. Results indicated that the levels of HBV core associ-ated DNA were significantly decreased in the cells transfected by HBSXsiRNA, HBS 1 siRNA, HBS 2 siRNA, and HBX 2 siRNA with reduction rate of 90.2%, 85.7 %, 81.3%, and 60.4%, respectively, compared with that of vector control (Fig. 5a) . abstract: RNA interference (RNAi) has been successfully applied in suppression of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication. To circumvent the problem that mutation in HBV genome may result in resistance when siRNA is further developed as an anti-viral drug, in this study, we established a dual small interfering RNA (siRNA) expression system, which could simultaneously express two different siRNA molecules that can specifically target two genes. To test the effectiveness of this system, we applied this new approach to express simultaneously two different 21-bp hairpin siRNA duplexes that specifically attack the HBs and HBx genes of HBV, respectively, in Bel-7402 and HepG2.2.15 cells. Results indicated that dual siRNA could simultaneously inhibit the expression of HBs and HBx gene by 83.7% and 87.5%, respectively, based on luciferase assays. In addition, dual siRNA molecules were able to significantly reduce the amount of HBV core associated DNA, which is considered as an intracellular replicative intermediate, and the viral DNA in culture supernatant. Therefore, this dual siRNA system provides a more powerful tool for the study of gene function and implicates a potential application in the treatment of viral infection. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0168170205000948 doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2005.04.001 id: cord-352988-9ey3ir5e author: Xiang, Yang-fei title: Effects of 1,2,4,6-tetra-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose from P. emblica on HBsAg and HBeAg secretion in HepG2.2.15 cell culture date: 2010-10-08 words: 1170.0 sentences: 72.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352988-9ey3ir5e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352988-9ey3ir5e.txt summary: A polyphenolic compound, 1,2,4,6-tetra-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose (1246TGG), was isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine Phyllanthus emblica L. Results indicates that treatment with 1246TGG (6.25 μg/mL, 3.13 μg/mL), reduced both HBsAg and HBeAg levels in culture supernatant, yet the inhibitory effects tend to decline with the assay time. Here, we investigated the anti-HBV activity of 1246TGG by detecting the HBsAg and HBeAg secretion levels in HepG2.2.15 cell culture, a cell line derived by transfection of cloned HBV DNA into human hepatoblastoma cell line HepG2 and used to assay for anti-HBV agents [4] . To determine the inhibitory effects of 1246TGG on HBV antigen secretion, cells were treated with 1246TGG at concentrations of 6.25µg/mL and 3.13µg/mL every 3 d during the 10 d treatment period. A cell culture assay for compounds which inhibit hepatitis B virus replication abstract: A polyphenolic compound, 1,2,4,6-tetra-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose (1246TGG), was isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine Phyllanthus emblica L. (Euphorbiaceae) and assayed for its potential as an anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) agent. The cytotoxicity of 1246TGG on HepG2.2.15 as well as HepG2 cells was determined by observing cytopathic effects, and the effects of 1246TGG on secretion of HBsAg and HBeAg in HepG2.2.15 cells were assayed by enzyme immunoassay. Results indicates that treatment with 1246TGG (6.25 μg/mL, 3.13 μg/mL), reduced both HBsAg and HBeAg levels in culture supernatant, yet the inhibitory effects tend to decline with the assay time. This study provides a basis for further investigation of the anti-HBV activity and possible mechanism of action of 1246TGG. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20960184/ doi: 10.1007/s12250-010-3144-y id: cord-318570-wj7r6953 author: Xiao, Yinzong title: Point-of-Care Tests for Hepatitis B: An Overview date: 2020-10-02 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Despite the heavy disease burden posed by hepatitis B, around 90% of people living with hepatitis B are not diagnosed globally. Many of the affected populations still have limited or no access to essential blood tests for hepatitis B. Compared to conventional blood tests which heavily rely on centralised laboratory facilities, point-of-care testing for hepatitis B has the potential to broaden testing access in low-resource settings and to engage hard-to-reach populations. Few hepatitis B point-of-care tests have been ratified for clinical use by international and regional regulatory bodies, and countries have been slow to adopt point-of-care testing into hepatitis B programs. This review presents currently available point-of-care tests for hepatitis B and their roles in the care cascade, reviewing evidence for testing performance, utility, acceptability, costs and cost-effectiveness when integrated into hepatitis B diagnosis and monitoring programs. We further discuss challenges and future directions in aspects of technology, implementation, and regulation when adopting point-of-care testing in hepatitis B programs. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9102233 doi: 10.3390/cells9102233 id: cord-320106-thre6r63 author: Xu, Zhihui title: Association of hepatitis B virus mutations in basal core promoter and precore regions with severity of liver disease: an investigation of 793 Chinese patients with mild and severe chronic hepatitis B and acute-on-chronic liver failure date: 2010-09-17 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the features of hepatitis B virus (HBV) basal core promoter/precore (BCP/PC) mutations and genotypes in a large number of mild/severe chronic hepatitis B (CHB-M/CHB-S), and acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) patients and analyze the clinical implications of the virologic features. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sera of 793 (325 CHB-M, 170 CHB-S, and 298 ACLF) patients admitted to or who had visited Beijing 302 Hospital from January 2005 to December 2008 were collected and successfully amplified for the HBV BCP/PC and a 1225-bp-long S/Pol (nt 54–1278) gene regions. Biochemical and serological parameters and HBV DNA level were routinely performed. Viral DNA was extracted and subjected to a nested PCR. Genotypes/subgenotypes were determined based on complete genomic sequence or on analysis of the 1225-bp-long S/Pol-gene sequence. HBV genotyping was performed by direct PCR sequencing followed by molecular evolutionary analysis of the viral sequences. A P value of <0.05 (two-sided) was considered to be statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that CHB patients infected with BCP/PC mutant viruses are more susceptible to severe hepatitis and ACLF than those with the BCP/PC wild-type virus and that ACLF patients with PC mutant viruses have an increased risk of death. As such, the HBV PC mutation is a potential predictive indicator of ACLF outcome. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20848146/ doi: 10.1007/s00535-010-0315-4 id: cord-000794-l565gha4 author: Yan, Huan title: Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide is a functional receptor for human hepatitis B and D virus date: 2012-11-13 words: 13364.0 sentences: 698.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-000794-l565gha4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-000794-l565gha4.txt summary: Here, by using near zero distance photo-cross-linking and tandem affinity purification, we revealed that the receptor-binding region of pre-S1 specifically interacts with sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP), a multiple transmembrane transporter predominantly expressed in the liver. Photoreactive ligand peptides for identification of interacting protein(s) of pre-S1 domain of L envelope protein To identify the pre-S1 interacting molecule(s), we employed a photo-cross-linking approach using a synthetic peptide derived from the native pre-S1 peptide with particular residues replaced by eLife digest Liver diseases related to the human hepatitis B virus (HBV) kill about 1 million people every year, and more than 350 million people around the world are infected with the virus. In this study, by employing a unique approach of tandem affinity purification combined with MS analysis against a Tupaia hepatocyte proteome database established by deep sequencing, we revealed that the liver bile acid transporter, NTCP, specifically interacts with a key region in the pre-S1 domain of the HBV envelope L protein. abstract: Human hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and HBV-related diseases remain a major public health problem. Individuals coinfected with its satellite hepatitis D virus (HDV) have more severe disease. Cellular entry of both viruses is mediated by HBV envelope proteins. The pre-S1 domain of the large envelope protein is a key determinant for receptor(s) binding. However, the identity of the receptor(s) is unknown. Here, by using near zero distance photo-cross-linking and tandem affinity purification, we revealed that the receptor-binding region of pre-S1 specifically interacts with sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP), a multiple transmembrane transporter predominantly expressed in the liver. Silencing NTCP inhibited HBV and HDV infection, while exogenous NTCP expression rendered nonsusceptible hepatocarcinoma cells susceptible to these viral infections. Moreover, replacing amino acids 157–165 of nonfunctional monkey NTCP with the human counterpart conferred its ability in supporting both viral infections. Our results demonstrate that NTCP is a functional receptor for HBV and HDV. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00049.001 url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3485615/ doi: 10.7554/elife.00049 id: cord-027860-s97hdhh6 author: Zeimet, Anthony title: Infectious Diseases date: 2020-06-22 words: 28925.0 sentences: 1728.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-027860-s97hdhh6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-027860-s97hdhh6.txt summary: Although common upper respiratory bacterial pathogens, such as Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae, may be isolated from patients with acute bronchitis, their relevance is questionable because these bacteria can be present in the respiratory tract of healthy individuals. In the treatment of Bordetella pertussis, early administration of a macrolide antibiotic and patient isolation will likely decrease coughing paroxysms and limit spread of disease (Braman, 2006) (SOR: A). Risk factors for Pseudomonas infection include severe structural lung disease (e.g., bronchiectasis) and recent antibiotic therapy, health care-associated exposures or stay in hospital (especially in the ICU). Patients who present with severe infection or whose infection is progressing despite empiric antibiotic therapy should be treated more aggressively; the treatment strategy should be based on results of appropriate Gram stain, culture, and drug susceptibility analysis. For suspected MRSA skin infections, oral treatment options include trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, clindamycin, and doxycycline of purulent material when performing incision and drainage in the event that the patient fails to improve and antibiotic coverage becomes necessary. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7315328/ doi: 10.1016/b978-1-4377-1160-8.10016-8 id: cord-296979-8r851j4t author: Zhong, Ying title: Host genes regulate transcription of sperm-introduced hepatitis B virus genes in embryo date: 2017-10-31 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Abstract Hepatitis B virus (HBV) can invade the male germline, and sperm-introduced HBV genes could be transcribed in embryo. This study was to explore whether viral gene transcription is regulated by host genes. Embryos were produced by in vitro fertilization of hamster oocytes with human sperm containing the HBV genome. Total RNA extracted from test and control embryos were subjected to SMART-PCR, SSH, microarray hybridization, sequencing and BLAST analysis. Twenty-nine sequences showing significant identity to five human gene families were identified, with CSH2, EIF4G2, PCBD2, PSG4 and TTN selected to represent target genes. Using qRT-PCR, when CSH2 and PCBD2 (or EIF4G2, PSG4 and TTN) were silenced by RNAi, transcriptional levels of HBV s and x genes decreased (or increased). This is the first report that host genes participate in regulation of sperm-introduced HBV gene transcription in embryo, which is critical to prevent negative impact of HBV infection on early embryonic development. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.08.009 doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.08.009 id: cord-025634-31n5fvex author: Zhuge, Shurui title: The prevalence of occult HBV infection in immunized children with HBsAg-positive parents: a hospital-based analysis date: 2020-05-29 words: 3985.0 sentences: 216.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-025634-31n5fvex.txt txt: ./txt/cord-025634-31n5fvex.txt summary: title: The prevalence of occult HBV infection in immunized children with HBsAg-positive parents: a hospital-based analysis BACKGROUND AND OBJECT: The risk of occult HBV infection (OBI) in children whose mothers are HBV carriers has received more widespread attention, but there were few reports to focus on the children with HBsAg-positive parents. In this study, we aimed at exploring the prevalence of OBI in hepatitis B-vaccinated children with HBV-positive mothers and/or fathers, trying to identify the risk factors of OBI. Forty-six [14.10% (95% CI 10.3-17.9%)] HBsAg-negative children were detected HBV DNA positive by nested PCR, which were confirmed through sequencing analysis. To our acknowledgement, this is the first study to explore the prevalence of OBI among hepatitis B vaccinated children with HBsAg-positive parents lived in HBV highly endemic areas. There is an equal potential risk of occult HBV infection in children with the HBsAg-positive father and mother. abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECT: The risk of occult HBV infection (OBI) in children whose mothers are HBV carriers has received more widespread attention, but there were few reports to focus on the children with HBsAg-positive parents. In this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of OBI in immunized children with HBsAg-positive parents. METHODS: HBV-vaccinated Chinese hospitalized children with HBsAg-positive parents were analyzed in our investigation. Eligible subjects were tested using a standard nested PCR for all HBV genes, and analyzed by direct sequencing. RESULTS: There were 327 HBsAg-negative children included in the study out of about 9800 involved HBV-vaccinated hospitalized children. The positive rate of OBI was 3.1% (10/327) in the eligible children and 14.1% (46/327) with HBV DNA detectable. No significant differences were found between one and at least two regions positive groups (p > 0.05). The proportions of HBV DNA detectable in children with HBV father-carriers and mother-carriers were similar. The risk factors for HBV DNA-positive children could be male, anti-HBs levels, and anti-HBc positive. CONCLUSION: There are 3.1% of OBIs and 14.1% of suspected OBI in vaccinated children with HBsAg-positive parents. The potential risk of suspected OBI in children with HBsAg-positive father should not be ignored. Anti-HBc positivity may be a useful seromarker for suspected OBI screening in vaccinated children. To prevent HBV breakthrough infection, accurate and convenient method is needed to detect OBI timely and exhaustively. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s12072-020-10055-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7259741/ doi: 10.1007/s12072-020-10055-9 id: cord-313627-g1iqhsdk author: Zou, Xiaojing title: Characteristics of liver function in patients with SARS-CoV-2 and chronic HBV co-infection date: 2020-06-15 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Summary Background and aims Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a major global health threat. We aimed to describe the characteristics of liver function in patients with SARS-CoV-2 and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection. Methods We enrolled all adult patients with SARS-CoV-2 and chronic HBV co-infection admitted to Tongji Hospital from February 1 to February 29, 2020. Data of demographic, clinical characteristics, laboratory tests, treatments, and clinical outcomes were collected. The characteristics of liver function and its relation with the severity and prognosis of disease were described. Results Of 105 SARS-CoV-2 and chronic HBV co-infected patients, elevated levels of liver test were seen in several patients at admission, including elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase (22,20.95%), aspartate aminotransferase (29, 27.62%), total bilirubin (7, 6.67%), gamma-glutamyl transferase (7, 6.67%) and alkaline phosphatase (1, 0.95%). The values of the indices mentioned above increased substantially during hospitalization (all P<0.05). 14 (13.33%) patients developed liver injury. Most of them (10, 71.43%) recovered after 8 (range 6-21) days. Notably, 4 (28.57%) patients rapidly progressed to acute-on-chronic liver failure. The proportion of severe COVID-19 was higher in patients with liver injury (P= 0.042). Complications including ACLF, acute cardiac injury and shock happened more frequently in patients with liver injury (all P<0.05). The mortality was higher in individuals with liver injury (28.57% vs 3.30%, P=0.004). Conclusion Liver injury in patients with SARS-CoV-2 and chronic HBV co-infection was associated with severity and poor prognosis of disease. During the treatment of COVID-19 in chronic HBV-infected patients, liver function should be taken seriously and evaluated frequently. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32553907/ doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.06.017 id: cord-000083-3p81yr4n author: nan title: Poster Exhibition date: 2009-01-31 words: 112815.0 sentences: 7542.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-000083-3p81yr4n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-000083-3p81yr4n.txt summary: R. China Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the early virologic response for prediction of achievement of HBeAg seroconversion and hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA negativity after two years of lamivudine treatment in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. Methods: A total of 620 patients who tested positive for hepatitis B surface antigen and were referred to Chiba University Hospital between February 1985 and March 2008 were included in the study, and their following characteristics were analyzed: age, gender, the status of HBeAg, ALT, HBV-DNA level, and PLT. Methods: A total of 60 patients with chronic hepatitis B, 32 (53.3%) were HBeAg positive (group A) while 28(46.7%) were HBeAg negative (group B) were included in this study after meeting the following criteria: age 18 to 60 years, HBsAg positive for more than 6 months, serum HBV-DNA was >5 log(10) copies/mL and ALT more than two times the upper normal limit. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2712310/ doi: 10.1007/s12072-009-9123-4 id: cord-004605-gsi4yxzj author: nan title: Prüfung und Deklaration der Wirksamkeit von Desinfektionsmitteln gegen Viren: Stellungnahme des Arbeitskreises Viruzidie* beim Robert Koch-Institut (RKI) sowie des Fachausschusses „Virusdesinfektion“ der Deutschen Gesellschaft zur Bekämpfung der Viruskrankheiten (DVV) und der Desinfektionsmittelkommission der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hygiene und Mikrobiologie (DGHM) date: 2004 words: 1984.0 sentences: 279.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-004605-gsi4yxzj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-004605-gsi4yxzj.txt summary: title: Prüfung und Deklaration der Wirksamkeit von Desinfektionsmitteln gegen Viren: Stellungnahme des Arbeitskreises Viruzidie* beim Robert Koch-Institut (RKI) sowie des Fachausschusses „Virusdesinfektion" der Deutschen Gesellschaft zur Bekämpfung der Viruskrankheiten (DVV) und der Desinfektionsmittelkommission der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hygiene und Mikrobiologie (DGHM) Ziel dieses Arbeitskreises war es, wissenschaftlich begründete Anforderungen an die Prüfung der Wirksamkeit von Desinfektionsmitteln gegen Viren und die entsprechenden Prüfmethoden als Voraussetzung für eine sachgerechte Deklaration zusammenzustellen. Die Deklaration "begrenzt viruzid" erfolgt künftig, wie im Folgenden begründet, auf der Basis von Prüfungen unter Verwendung relevanter Testviren, die den Rückschluss auf die Wirksamkeit auch gegen HIV, HCV und HBV zulassen. Auch die Auslobung der Wirksamkeit gegen HIV setzt eine Prüfung unter Verwendung von HIV in Zellkulturen voraus, welche jedoch aufgrund der Gefährlichkeit des Virus (Schutzstufe 3) nicht erstrebenswert ist. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7080087/ doi: 10.1007/s00103-003-0754-7 id: cord-005953-5z89yeb6 author: nan title: Abstracts des 114. Internistenkongresses 2008 date: 2008 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7096012/ doi: 10.1007/s00063-008-1026-y id: cord-006856-b1w25ob5 author: nan title: 19th Meeting of the Austrian Society of Transplantation, Transfusion, and Genetics, October 26–28, 2005 date: 2005 words: 29625.0 sentences: 1983.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-006856-b1w25ob5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-006856-b1w25ob5.txt summary: Egr-1 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) gene expression was examined in left ventricular biopsies of explanted failing hearts in 28 ICM and 42 DCM patients, as well as in 12 donor grafts before reperfusion (control), at 10, 30, 60 minutes after reperfusion, and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12 posttransplant weeks, using real-time RT-PCR. The risk of transplant-related mortality (TRM) due to graft-versushost disease (GvHD) is higher in male recipients of female stem cells compared with female patients receiving a graft from a female donor. We therefore analyzed a single-center cohort of 72 high-risk patients transplanted with a related or unrelated stem cell graft after nonmyeloablative conditioning for outcome (acute and chronic GvHD, TRM, relapse, and survival). Four patients between the age of 34 and 44 years underwent allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) transplantation (SCT) from HLA-identical sibling or unrelated donors at our institution. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7103192/ doi: 10.1007/s10353-005-0216-6 id: cord-010088-s9tfvtao author: nan title: Oral Abstracts date: 2013-11-01 words: 43522.0 sentences: 2257.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-010088-s9tfvtao.txt txt: ./txt/cord-010088-s9tfvtao.txt summary: These include ''incorrect blood component transfused'' events, where the blood component was intended for another recipient (frequently due to errors in patient identification at the time of collection of the pre-transfusion sample, or at the time of bedside administration), or did not meet the patient''s special needs (such as a patient with a red cell antibody who did not receive the required antigen-negative unit). Methods: Eligibility criteria for inclusion in the study included the following: transfusion of Rh D positive platelets, no anti D detectable before transfusion, no previous exposure to Rh D positive blood components, and results of follow-up testing of anti-D in patients serum available. In addition, the allelic frequency of Hpdel was calculated to be 0.015 by a genetic study of a limited number of the Japanese individuals, suggesting that Hp deficiency might distribute among the Japanese population as a phenotype of serum Hp. Aims: In this report, we present the results obtained from a hemovigilance survey carried out between 1998 and 2012, in which Hp deficiency was identified among Japanese patients who had experienced nonhemolytic TRs (NHTRs), and those obtained from a screening of Hp-deficient Japanese healthy blood donors. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7169312/ doi: 10.1111/vox.12100_1 id: cord-010092-uftc8inx author: nan title: Abstract of 29th Regional Congress of the ISBT date: 2019-06-07 words: 233304.0 sentences: 13171.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-010092-uftc8inx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-010092-uftc8inx.txt summary: Prospective testing of blood donations in endemic areas of the U.S. revealed 0.38% of donors were positive for Babesia DNA or antibodies (Moritz, NEJM, 2016) Aims: -To report results of ongoing Babesia clinical trial -To explain significance of Babesia as a TT infection Methods: In cobas â Babesia for use on the cobas â 6800/8800 Systems, is a qualitative polymerase chain reaction nucleic acid amplification test, developed to detect in whole blood (WB) donor samples the 4 Babesia species that cause human disease: B. In sensitivity analyses, there were two discrepant results for HIV testing, three for HCV, and five for anti-HBc. Summary/Conclusions: Elecsys â infectious disease parameters on the cobas e 801 analyser demonstrate high specificity/sensitivity for screening first-time blood donor samples, with similar clinical performance to other commercially available assays. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7169345/ doi: 10.1111/vox.12792 id: cord-010119-t1x9gknd author: nan title: Abstract Presentations from the AABB Annual Meeting San Diego, CA ctober 7‐10, 2017 date: 2017-09-04 words: 230193.0 sentences: 13234.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-010119-t1x9gknd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-010119-t1x9gknd.txt summary: Conclusion: The wide distribution in the concentration of bioactive lipids among 405 stored RBC units suggests that lipid degradation is highly donor-Background/Case Studies: To ensure availability of biological products to hospitals, blood banks have developed and validated multiple storage conditions for each of their products to maximize shelf life and quality. 1 The Department of Blood Transfusion, The PLA General Hospital, 2 The Department of Blood Transfusion, Air Force General Hospital, PLA Background/Case Studies: Recently, multi researches have reported that longer term-stored red blood cells(RBCs) units were associated with increased risks of clinically adverse events, especially in critically ill patients. Weak D types 1, 2 and 3 express all the major RhD epitopes and these patients can be managed as RhD-positive, which may lead to a reduction in unnecessary Rh immunoglobulin (RhIG) administration and conservation of RhD-negative RBCs. Study Design/Method: RHD genotyping was performed on all patient samples with weaker than expected or discrepant RhD typing results, utilizing a commercially available genotyping kit manufactured by Immucor (RHD BeadChip). abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7169716/ doi: 10.1111/trf.14286 id: cord-023346-8sqbqjm1 author: nan title: MONDAY: POSTERS date: 2005-06-08 words: 130043.0 sentences: 7330.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-023346-8sqbqjm1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-023346-8sqbqjm1.txt summary: • enhancement of automation/computerisation; • process control to provide an ''error-free pathway''; • (national) surveillance and trend analysis of results, preferably based on national working standards; • significantly increased sensitivity, especially from development of antigen/antibody ''combi'' assays (e.g. for HIV, and recently, for HCV); • awareness of HBsAg vaccine-escape mutants and design of assays to cope with this; • extension of range of agents and markers tested for (varies in different countries); • increasing range of assays available for testing donors with a relevant history of exposure to malaria or Chagas'' disease infection (for retrieval of otherwise wasted blood); • European Union''s in vitro diagnostics directive: this has caused some problems and reduced flexibility. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7169255/ doi: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2005.00652.x id: cord-023354-f2ciho6o author: nan title: TUESDAY PLENARY SESSION 3 TUESDAY: POSTERS date: 2005-06-08 words: 130046.0 sentences: 7333.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-023354-f2ciho6o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-023354-f2ciho6o.txt summary: • enhancement of automation/computerisation; • process control to provide an ''error-free pathway''; • (national) surveillance and trend analysis of results, preferably based on national working standards; • significantly increased sensitivity, especially from development of antigen/antibody ''combi'' assays (e.g. for HIV, and recently, for HCV); • awareness of HBsAg vaccine-escape mutants and design of assays to cope with this; • extension of range of agents and markers tested for (varies in different countries); • increasing range of assays available for testing donors with a relevant history of exposure to malaria or Chagas'' disease infection (for retrieval of otherwise wasted blood); • European Union''s in vitro diagnostics directive: this has caused some problems and reduced flexibility. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7169300/ doi: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2005.00654.x id: cord-023364-ut56gczm author: nan title: EDUCATION DAY MONDAY: PLENARY SESSION 1 MONDAY: PARALLEL SESSIONS date: 2005-06-08 words: 130049.0 sentences: 7334.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-023364-ut56gczm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-023364-ut56gczm.txt summary: • enhancement of automation/computerisation; • process control to provide an ''error-free pathway''; • (national) surveillance and trend analysis of results, preferably based on national working standards; • significantly increased sensitivity, especially from development of antigen/antibody ''combi'' assays (e.g. for HIV, and recently, for HCV); • awareness of HBsAg vaccine-escape mutants and design of assays to cope with this; • extension of range of agents and markers tested for (varies in different countries); • increasing range of assays available for testing donors with a relevant history of exposure to malaria or Chagas'' disease infection (for retrieval of otherwise wasted blood); • European Union''s in vitro diagnostics directive: this has caused some problems and reduced flexibility. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7169338/ doi: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2005.00651.x ==== make-pages.sh questions [ERIC WAS HERE] ==== make-pages.sh search /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/make-pages.sh: line 77: /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/tmp/search.htm: No such file or directory Traceback (most recent call last): File "/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/tsv2htm-search.py", line 51, in with open( TEMPLATE, 'r' ) as handle : htm = handle.read() FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/tmp/search.htm' ==== make-pages.sh topic modeling corpus Zipping study carrel