id author title date pages extension mime words sentences flesch summary cache txt cord-275037-sji0u8nu Cavalli, Giulio Large-scale use of hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 confirms safety, if not effectiveness 2020-10-28 .txt text/plain 871 45 41 In this issue of the Journal, Di Castelnuovo and colleagues report the findings of the observational multicentre Italian CORIST Study on the use of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in hospitalised COVID-19 patients [1] . While these findings may provide clinical evidence in support of the use of HCQ therapy in patients with COVID-19, the study findings ought to be considered with caution, in light of several limitations, which are inherent to the retrospective, observational design of this study. These include bias by indication (why did some patients receive HCQ in addition to standard management, whereas others did not?), a possible immortal time bias (patients who died before treatment administration tend to be included as controls in retrospective studies), and of the fact that residual confounders typically remain even after stringent propensity matching is applied (not all clinically relevant variables are included in or captured by covariate analyses). Efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in severe COVID-19 patients: a single-centre retrospective cohort study GM-CSF blockade with mavrilimumab in severe COVID-19 pneumonia and systemic hyperinflammation: a single-centre, prospective cohort study ./cache/cord-275037-sji0u8nu.txt ./txt/cord-275037-sji0u8nu.txt