Carrel name: keyword-health-cord Creating study carrel named keyword-health-cord Initializing database file: cache/cord-005068-3ddb38de.json key: cord-005068-3ddb38de authors: Meslin, Eric M.; Garba, Ibrahim title: Biobanking and public health: is a human rights approach the tie that binds? date: 2011-07-15 journal: Hum Genet DOI: 10.1007/s00439-011-1061-2 sha: doc_id: 5068 cord_uid: 3ddb38de file: cache/cord-004639-qwxkn0j0.json key: cord-004639-qwxkn0j0 authors: Aceng, Jane Ruth; Ario, Alex R.; Muruta, Allan N.; Makumbi, Issa; Nanyunja, Miriam; Komakech, Innocent; Bakainaga, Andrew N.; Talisuna, Ambrose O.; Mwesigye, Collins; Mpairwe, Allan M.; Tusiime, Jayne B.; Lali, William Z.; Katushabe, Edson; Ocom, Felix; Kaggwa, Mugagga; Bongomin, Bodo; Kasule, Hafisa; Mwoga, Joseph N.; Sensasi, Benjamin; Mwebembezi, Edmund; Katureebe, Charles; Sentumbwe, Olive; Nalwadda, Rita; Mbaka, Paul; Fatunmbi, Bayo S.; Nakiire, Lydia; Lamorde, Mohammed; Walwema, Richard; Kambugu, Andrew; Nanyondo, Judith; Okware, Solome; Ahabwe, Peter B.; Nabukenya, Immaculate; Kayiwa, Joshua; Wetaka, Milton M.; Kyazze, Simon; Kwesiga, Benon; Kadobera, Daniel; Bulage, Lilian; Nanziri, Carol; Monje, Fred; Aliddeki, Dativa M.; Ntono, Vivian; Gonahasa, Doreen; Nabatanzi, Sandra; Nsereko, Godfrey; Nakinsige, Anne; Mabumba, Eldard; Lubwama, Bernard; Sekamatte, Musa; Kibuule, Michael; Muwanguzi, David; Amone, Jackson; Upenytho, George D.; Driwale, Alfred; Seru, Morries; Sebisubi, Fred; Akello, Harriet; Kabanda, Richard; Mutengeki, David K.; Bakyaita, Tabley; Serwanjja, Vivian N.; Okwi, Richard; Okiria, Jude; Ainebyoona, Emmanuel; Opar, Bernard T.; Mimbe, Derrick; Kyabaggu, Denis; Ayebazibwe, Chrisostom; Sentumbwe, Juliet; Mwanja, Moses; Ndumu, Deo B.; Bwogi, Josephine; Balinandi, Stephen; Nyakarahuka, Luke; Tumusiime, Alex; Kyondo, Jackson; Mulei, Sophia; Lutwama, Julius; Kaleebu, Pontiano; Kagirita, Atek; Nabadda, Susan; Oumo, Peter; Lukwago, Robinah; Kasozi, Julius; Masylukov, Oleh; Kyobe, Henry Bosa; Berdaga, Viorica; Lwanga, Miriam; Opio, Joe C.; Matseketse, David; Eyul, James; Oteba, Martin O.; Bukirwa, Hasifa; Bulya, Nulu; Masiira, Ben; Kihembo, Christine; Ohuabunwo, Chima; Antara, Simon N.; Owembabazi, Wilberforce; Okot, Paul B.; Okwera, Josephine; Amoros, Isabelle; Kajja, Victoria; Mukunda, Basnet S.; Sorela, Isabel; Adams, Gregory; Shoemaker, Trevor; Klena, John D.; Taboy, Celine H.; Ward, Sarah E.; Merrill, Rebecca D.; Carter, Rosalind J.; Harris, Julie R.; Banage, Flora; Nsibambi, Thomas; Ojwang, Joseph; Kasule, Juliet N.; Stowell, Dan F.; Brown, Vance R.; Zhu, Bao-Ping; Homsy, Jaco; Nelson, Lisa J.; Tusiime, Patrick K.; Olaro, Charles; Mwebesa, Henry G.; Woldemariam, Yonas Tegegn title: Uganda’s experience in Ebola virus disease outbreak preparedness, 2018–2019 date: 2020-03-19 journal: Global Health DOI: 10.1186/s12992-020-00548-5 sha: doc_id: 4639 cord_uid: qwxkn0j0 file: cache/cord-010515-6klurh6a.json key: cord-010515-6klurh6a authors: Houtrow, Amy title: Addressing Burnout: Symptom Management Versus Treating the Cause date: 2020-05-01 journal: J Pediatr DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.04.068 sha: doc_id: 10515 cord_uid: 6klurh6a file: cache/cord-001343-3euy4u9k.json key: cord-001343-3euy4u9k authors: Wang, Yadong; Li, Xiangrui; Yuan, Yiwen; Patel, Mahomed S. title: A Multi-Method Approach to Curriculum Development for In-Service Training in China’s Newly Established Health Emergency Response Offices date: 2014-06-27 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100892 sha: doc_id: 1343 cord_uid: 3euy4u9k file: cache/cord-006163-37bnj3s3.json key: cord-006163-37bnj3s3 authors: Blouin, Chantal; Dubé, Laurette title: Global health diplomacy for obesity prevention: Lessons from tobacco control date: 2010-06-10 journal: J Public Health Policy DOI: 10.1057/jphp.2010.4 sha: doc_id: 6163 cord_uid: 37bnj3s3 file: cache/cord-001400-ie22xisg.json key: cord-001400-ie22xisg authors: Zhong, Shuang; Clark, Michele; Hou, Xiang-Yu; Zang, Yuli; FitzGerald, Gerard title: Progress and challenges of disaster health management in China: a scoping review date: 2014-09-10 journal: Glob Health Action DOI: 10.3402/gha.v7.24986 sha: doc_id: 1400 cord_uid: ie22xisg file: cache/cord-001038-91uj6sph.json key: cord-001038-91uj6sph authors: Mirza, Nabila; Reynolds, Tera; Coletta, Michael; Suda, Katie; Soyiri, Ireneous; Markle, Ariana; Leopold, Henry; Lenert, Leslie; Samoff, Erika; Siniscalchi, Alan; Streichert, Laura title: Steps to a Sustainable Public Health Surveillance Enterprise A Commentary from the International Society for Disease Surveillance date: 2013-07-01 journal: Online J Public Health Inform DOI: 10.5210/ojphi.v5i2.4703 sha: doc_id: 1038 cord_uid: 91uj6sph file: cache/cord-001757-q41o6nxs.json key: cord-001757-q41o6nxs authors: Ruscio, Bruce A.; Brubaker, Michael; Glasser, Joshua; Hueston, Will; Hennessy, Thomas W. title: One Health – a strategy for resilience in a changing arctic date: 2015-09-01 journal: Int J Circumpolar Health DOI: 10.3402/ijch.v74.27913 sha: doc_id: 1757 cord_uid: q41o6nxs file: cache/cord-011677-axv32kys.json key: cord-011677-axv32kys authors: Van Beveren, Laura; Rutten, Kris; Hensing, Gunnel; Spyridoula, Ntani; Schønning, Viktor; Axelsson, Malin; Bockting, Claudi; Buysse, Ann; De Neve, Ine; Desmet, Mattias; Dewaele, Alexis; Giovazolias, Theodoros; Hannon, Dewi; Kafetsios, Konstantinos; Meganck, Reitske; Øverland, Simon; Triliva, Sofia; Vandamme, Joke title: A Critical Perspective on Mental Health News in Six European Countries: How Are “Mental Health/Illness” and “Mental Health Literacy” Rhetorically Constructed? date: 2020-04-04 journal: Qual Health Res DOI: 10.1177/1049732320912409 sha: doc_id: 11677 cord_uid: axv32kys file: cache/cord-005080-r01ii1bu.json key: cord-005080-r01ii1bu authors: Butler, Colin D.; Corvalan, Carlos F.; Koren, Hillel S. title: Human Health, Well-Being, and Global Ecological Scenarios date: 2005-02-22 journal: Ecosystems DOI: 10.1007/s10021-004-0076-0 sha: doc_id: 5080 cord_uid: r01ii1bu file: cache/cord-006100-zvb7bxix.json key: cord-006100-zvb7bxix authors: Connolly, John title: The “wicked problems” of governing UK health security disaster prevention: The case of pandemic influenza date: 2015-06-01 journal: Disaster Prev Manag DOI: 10.1108/dpm-09-2014-0196 sha: doc_id: 6100 cord_uid: zvb7bxix file: cache/cord-009402-fmg6hdm0.json key: cord-009402-fmg6hdm0 authors: Chia, Terkuma; Oyeniran, Oluwatosin Imoleayo title: Human Health Versus Human Rights: An Emerging Ethical Dilemma Arising From Coronavirus Disease Pandemic date: 2020-04-11 journal: Ethics Med Public Health DOI: 10.1016/j.jemep.2020.100511 sha: doc_id: 9402 cord_uid: fmg6hdm0 file: cache/cord-004407-f3lr0lwj.json key: cord-004407-f3lr0lwj authors: nan title: Plans and prospects for the 2020s: Beyond peak health? date: 2020-02-25 journal: PLoS Med DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003075 sha: doc_id: 4407 cord_uid: f3lr0lwj file: cache/cord-015552-pm9kdqdw.json key: cord-015552-pm9kdqdw authors: Kreuder-Sonnen, Christian title: China vs the WHO: a behavioural norm conflict in the SARS crisis date: 2019-05-01 journal: Int Aff DOI: 10.1093/ia/iiz022 sha: doc_id: 15552 cord_uid: pm9kdqdw file: cache/cord-004531-agvg719f.json key: cord-004531-agvg719f authors: Schröder-Bäck, P.; Sass, H.-M.; Brand, H.; Winter, S. F. title: Ethische Aspekte eines Influenzapandemiemanagements und Schlussfolgerungen für die Gesundheitspolitik: Ein Überblick date: 2008-02-07 journal: Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz DOI: 10.1007/s00103-008-0449-1 sha: doc_id: 4531 cord_uid: agvg719f file: cache/cord-008855-hahqwt5x.json key: cord-008855-hahqwt5x authors: Alwan, Ala title: Responding to priority health challenges in the Arab world date: 2014-01-20 journal: Lancet DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(13)62572-6 sha: doc_id: 8855 cord_uid: hahqwt5x file: cache/cord-008926-ntv18e1s.json key: cord-008926-ntv18e1s authors: Han, Qide; Chen, Lincoln; Evans, Tim; Horton, Richard title: China and global health date: 2008-10-17 journal: Lancet DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(08)61350-1 sha: doc_id: 8926 cord_uid: ntv18e1s file: cache/cord-002230-rtlygovi.json key: cord-002230-rtlygovi authors: Martineau, Fred P. title: People-centred health systems: building more resilient health systems in the wake of the Ebola crisis date: 2016-09-27 journal: Int Health DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihw029 sha: doc_id: 2230 cord_uid: rtlygovi file: cache/cord-004017-gcmpatlb.json key: cord-004017-gcmpatlb authors: Errecaborde, Kaylee Myhre; Macy, Katelyn Wuebbolt; Pekol, Amy; Perez, Sol; O’Brien, Mary Katherine; Allen, Ian; Contadini, Francesca; Lee, Julia Yeri; Mumford, Elizabeth; Bender, Jeff B.; Pelican, Katharine title: Factors that enable effective One Health collaborations - A scoping review of the literature date: 2019-12-04 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224660 sha: doc_id: 4017 cord_uid: gcmpatlb file: cache/cord-007118-fo2lq1sb.json key: cord-007118-fo2lq1sb authors: Zakaria, Nasriah; AlFakhry, Ohoud; Matbuli, Abeer; Alzahrani, Asma; Arab, Noha Samir Sadiq; Madani, Alaa; Alshehri, Noura; Albarrak, Ahmed I title: Development of Saudi e-health literacy scale for chronic diseases in Saudi Arabia: using integrated health literacy dimensions date: 2018-03-24 journal: Int J Qual Health Care DOI: 10.1093/intqhc/mzy033 sha: doc_id: 7118 cord_uid: fo2lq1sb file: cache/cord-005159-6agnsbyd.json key: cord-005159-6agnsbyd authors: Turner, Bryan Stanley; Dumas, Alex title: Vulnerability, diversity and scarcity: on universal rights date: 2013-07-12 journal: Med Health Care Philos DOI: 10.1007/s11019-013-9500-6 sha: doc_id: 5159 cord_uid: 6agnsbyd file: cache/cord-016536-8wfyaxcb.json key: cord-016536-8wfyaxcb authors: Ubokudom, Sunday E. title: Physical, Social and Cultural, and Global Influences date: 2012-02-20 journal: United States Health Care Policymaking DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-3169-5_6 sha: doc_id: 16536 cord_uid: 8wfyaxcb file: cache/cord-016704-99v4brjf.json key: cord-016704-99v4brjf authors: Nicholson, Felicity title: Infectious Diseases: The Role of the Forensic Physician date: 2005 journal: Clinical Forensic Medicine DOI: 10.1385/1-59259-913-3:235 sha: doc_id: 16704 cord_uid: 99v4brjf file: cache/cord-009583-ldkjqco6.json key: cord-009583-ldkjqco6 authors: nan title: NEWS date: 2014-10-28 journal: Aust Vet J DOI: 10.1111/avj.137 sha: doc_id: 9583 cord_uid: ldkjqco6 file: cache/cord-016387-ju4130bq.json key: cord-016387-ju4130bq authors: Last, John title: A Brief History of Advances Toward Health date: 2005 journal: Understanding the Global Dimensions of Health DOI: 10.1007/0-387-24103-5_1 sha: doc_id: 16387 cord_uid: ju4130bq file: cache/cord-009269-6fs0f4b7.json key: cord-009269-6fs0f4b7 authors: Youde, Jeremy title: Is universal access to antiretroviral drugs an emerging international norm? date: 2008-12-12 journal: J Int Relat Dev (Ljubl) DOI: 10.1057/jird.2008.10 sha: doc_id: 9269 cord_uid: 6fs0f4b7 file: cache/cord-006159-s21jrbvn.json key: cord-006159-s21jrbvn authors: Katsaliaki, K; 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Garver-Apgar, Christine E. title: Nicotine and Opioids: a Call for Co-treatment as the Standard of Care date: 2020-06-03 journal: J Behav Health Serv Res DOI: 10.1007/s11414-020-09712-6 sha: doc_id: 282147 cord_uid: oq30pax6 file: cache/cord-282724-zzkqb0u2.json key: cord-282724-zzkqb0u2 authors: Moore, Jason H.; Barnett, Ian; Boland, Mary Regina; Chen, Yong; Demiris, George; Gonzalez-Hernandez, Graciela; Herman, Daniel S.; Himes, Blanca E.; Hubbard, Rebecca A.; Kim, Dokyoon; Morris, Jeffrey S.; Mowery, Danielle L.; Ritchie, Marylyn D.; Shen, Li; Urbanowicz, Ryan; Holmes, John H. title: Ideas for how informaticians can get involved with COVID-19 research date: 2020-05-12 journal: BioData Min DOI: 10.1186/s13040-020-00213-y sha: doc_id: 282724 cord_uid: zzkqb0u2 file: cache/cord-282824-t0i7tf5d.json key: cord-282824-t0i7tf5d authors: Musto, Richard; MacDonald, Judy; Ulrich, Anne; Fonseca, Kevin title: Health services restructuring in Alberta and the 2009 pandemic influenza—An untimely concurrence date: 2020-03-10 journal: Healthc Manage Forum DOI: 10.1177/0840470420909121 sha: doc_id: 282824 cord_uid: t0i7tf5d file: cache/cord-283177-qwinggg4.json key: cord-283177-qwinggg4 authors: Viswanathan, Ramaswamy; 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date: 2020-07-27 journal: BMJ Glob Health DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003098 sha: doc_id: 283485 cord_uid: xit6najq file: cache/cord-284201-2ofqm7a0.json key: cord-284201-2ofqm7a0 authors: Mate, Kedar; Bryan, Caitlin; Deen, Nigel; McCall, Jesse title: Review of Health Systems of the Middle East and North Africa Region date: 2017-12-31 journal: International Encyclopedia of Public Health DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-803678-5.00303-9 sha: doc_id: 284201 cord_uid: 2ofqm7a0 file: cache/cord-284298-tcied4l5.json key: cord-284298-tcied4l5 authors: Ojeahere, Margaret Isioma; de Filippis, Renato; Ransing, Ramdas; Karaliuniene, Ruta; Ullah, Irfan; Bytyçi, Drita Gashi; Abbass, Zargham; Kilic, Ozge; Nahidi, Mahsa; Hayatudeen, Nafisatu; Nagendrappa, Sachin; Shoib, Sheikh; Jatchavala, Chonnakarn; Larnaout, Amine; Maiti, Tanay; Ogunnubi, Oluseun Peter; El Hayek, Samer; Bizri, Maya; Schuh Teixeira, Andre Luiz; Pereira-Sanchez, Victor; Da Costa, Mariana Pinto title: Management of psychiatric conditions and delirium during the COVID-19 pandemic across continents: The lessons thus far date: 2020-09-19 journal: Brain Behav Immun Health DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100147 sha: doc_id: 284298 cord_uid: tcied4l5 file: cache/cord-284528-ebjwkvvj.json key: cord-284528-ebjwkvvj authors: Li, Hui; Hilsenrath, Peter title: Organization and Finance of China’s Health Sector: Historical Antecedents for Macroeconomic Structural Adjustment date: 2016-01-31 journal: Inquiry DOI: 10.1177/0046958015620175 sha: doc_id: 284528 cord_uid: ebjwkvvj file: cache/cord-284883-bkydu285.json key: cord-284883-bkydu285 authors: Luis Silva, L.; Dutra, A. 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Luana; Sze, Raymond W.; Zerr, Danielle M.; Chandra, Tushar; Edwards, Emily A.; Khan, Naeem; Rubio, Eva I.; Vera, Chido D.; Iyer, Ramesh S. title: A primer for pediatric radiologists on infection control in an era of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-07 journal: Pediatr Radiol DOI: 10.1007/s00247-020-04713-1 sha: doc_id: 346894 cord_uid: iy35298o file: cache/cord-347605-6db4gwhk.json key: cord-347605-6db4gwhk authors: Vento, Sandro; Cainelli, Francesca; Vallone, Alfredo title: Violence Against Healthcare Workers: A Worldwide Phenomenon With Serious Consequences date: 2020-09-18 journal: Front Public Health DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.570459 sha: doc_id: 347605 cord_uid: 6db4gwhk file: cache/cord-347960-vl5zhxyh.json key: cord-347960-vl5zhxyh authors: Giallonardo, Vincenzo; Sampogna, Gaia; Del Vecchio, Valeria; Luciano, Mario; Albert, Umberto; Carmassi, Claudia; Carrà, Giuseppe; Cirulli, Francesca; Dell’Osso, Bernardo; Nanni, Maria Giulia; Pompili, Maurizio; Sani, Gabriele; Tortorella, Alfonso; Volpe, Umberto; Fiorillo, Andrea title: The Impact of Quarantine and Physical Distancing Following COVID-19 on Mental Health: Study Protocol of a Multicentric Italian Population Trial date: 2020-06-05 journal: Front Psychiatry DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00533 sha: doc_id: 347960 cord_uid: vl5zhxyh file: cache/cord-347519-aowxr873.json key: cord-347519-aowxr873 authors: Stoeva, Preslava title: Dimensions of Health Security—A Conceptual Analysis date: 2020-07-28 journal: Glob Chall DOI: 10.1002/gch2.201700003 sha: doc_id: 347519 cord_uid: aowxr873 file: cache/cord-348012-idflfwpb.json key: cord-348012-idflfwpb authors: Alcover, Carlos-María; Rodríguez, Fernando; Pastor, Yolanda; Thomas, Helena; Rey, Mayelin; del Barrio, José Luis title: Group Membership and Social and Personal Identities as Psychosocial Coping Resources to Psychological Consequences of the COVID-19 Confinement date: 2020-10-12 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207413 sha: doc_id: 348012 cord_uid: idflfwpb file: cache/cord-347884-zpzncgiv.json key: cord-347884-zpzncgiv authors: Galimberti, Andrea; Cena, Hellas; Campone, Luca; Ferri, Emanuele; Dell'Agli, Mario; Sangiovanni, Enrico; Belingheri, Michael; Riva, Michele Augusto; Casiraghi, Maurizio; Labra, Massimo title: Rethinking Urban and Food Policies to Improve Citizens Safety After COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-10-08 journal: Front Nutr DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.569542 sha: doc_id: 347884 cord_uid: zpzncgiv file: cache/cord-348298-rtm8dn43.json key: cord-348298-rtm8dn43 authors: O’Connor, Karen; Wrigley, Margo; Jennings, Rhona; Hill, Michele; Niazi, Amir title: Mental health impacts of COVID-19 in Ireland and the need for a secondary care mental health service response date: 2020-05-27 journal: Irish journal of psychological medicine DOI: 10.1017/ipm.2020.64 sha: doc_id: 348298 cord_uid: rtm8dn43 file: cache/cord-348717-qgny6f6y.json key: cord-348717-qgny6f6y authors: Shumba, Constance; Maina, Rose; Mbuthia, Gladys; Kimani, Rachel; Mbugua, Stella; Shah, Sweta; Abubakar, Amina; Luchters, Stanley; Shaibu, Sheila; Ndirangu, Eunice title: Reorienting Nurturing Care for Early Childhood Development during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Kenya: A Review date: 2020-09-25 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197028 sha: doc_id: 348717 cord_uid: qgny6f6y file: cache/cord-349348-9rnvawfa.json key: cord-349348-9rnvawfa authors: Cousineau, J; Girard, N; Monardes, C; Leroux, T; Jean, M Stanton title: Genomics and Public Health Research: Can the State Allow Access to Genomic Databases? date: 2012-05-31 journal: Iran J Public Health DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 349348 cord_uid: 9rnvawfa file: cache/cord-347872-naz24vct.json key: cord-347872-naz24vct authors: Rostal, Melinda K.; Olival, Kevin J.; Loh, Elizabeth H.; Karesh, William B. title: Wildlife: The Need to Better Understand the Linkages date: 2012-11-02 journal: One Health: The Human-Animal-Environment Interfaces in Emerging Infectious Diseases DOI: 10.1007/82_2012_271 sha: doc_id: 347872 cord_uid: naz24vct file: cache/cord-348411-nrhe8aek.json key: cord-348411-nrhe8aek authors: Shah, Kaushal; Mann, Shivraj; Singh, Romil; Bangar, Rahul; Kulkarni, Ritu title: Impact of COVID-19 on the Mental Health of Children and Adolescents date: 2020-08-26 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10051 sha: doc_id: 348411 cord_uid: nrhe8aek file: cache/cord-348964-1x3nmwwt.json key: cord-348964-1x3nmwwt authors: Patel, Love; Elliott, Amy; Storlie, Erik; Kethireddy, Rajesh; Goodman, Kim; Dickey, William title: Ethical and Legal Challenges During the COVID‐19 Pandemic – Are We Thinking About Rural Hospitals? date: 2020-04-13 journal: J Rural Health DOI: 10.1111/jrh.12447 sha: doc_id: 348964 cord_uid: 1x3nmwwt file: cache/cord-349911-dx8wvqkm.json key: cord-349911-dx8wvqkm authors: Dahl, Viktor; Tegnell, Anders; Wallensten, Anders title: Communicable Diseases Prioritized According to Their Public Health Relevance, Sweden, 2013 date: 2015-09-23 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136353 sha: doc_id: 349911 cord_uid: dx8wvqkm file: cache/cord-350430-hadtwybp.json key: cord-350430-hadtwybp authors: Bell, Sue Anne title: Practice Informs Research and Research Informs Practice: The Making of a Disaster Nurse Scientist date: 2020-08-19 journal: J Emerg Nurs DOI: 10.1016/j.jen.2020.06.009 sha: doc_id: 350430 cord_uid: hadtwybp file: cache/cord-349057-u7u39jho.json key: cord-349057-u7u39jho authors: Hawton, Annie; Boddy, Kate; Kandiyali, Rebecca; Tatnell, Lynn; Gibson, Andy; Goodwin, Elizabeth title: Involving Patients in Health Economics Research: “The PACTS Principles” date: 2020-10-12 journal: Patient DOI: 10.1007/s40271-020-00461-4 sha: doc_id: 349057 cord_uid: u7u39jho file: cache/cord-349426-9fuiind8.json key: cord-349426-9fuiind8 authors: Lee, Albert; Chuh, Antonio AT title: Facing the threat of influenza pandemic - roles of and implications to general practitioners date: 2010-11-02 journal: BMC Public Health DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-661 sha: doc_id: 349426 cord_uid: 9fuiind8 file: cache/cord-350293-a09r0gjc.json key: cord-350293-a09r0gjc authors: Dubb, S.S. title: Coronavirus Pandemic: Applying a Whole-of-Society Model for the Whole-of-the World date: 2020-05-12 journal: Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.05.009 sha: doc_id: 350293 cord_uid: a09r0gjc file: cache/cord-350521-jfd5gd2p.json key: cord-350521-jfd5gd2p authors: Bong, Choon-Looi; Brasher, Christopher; Chikumba, Edson; McDougall, Robert; Mellin-Olsen, Jannicke; Enright, Angela title: The COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Low- and Middle-Income Countries date: 2020-04-20 journal: Anesth Analg DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000004846 sha: doc_id: 350521 cord_uid: jfd5gd2p file: cache/cord-351454-mc7pifep.json key: cord-351454-mc7pifep authors: Rowhani-Farid, Anisa; Allen, Michelle; Barnett, Adrian G. title: What incentives increase data sharing in health and medical research? A systematic review date: 2017-05-05 journal: Res Integr Peer Rev DOI: 10.1186/s41073-017-0028-9 sha: doc_id: 351454 cord_uid: mc7pifep file: cache/cord-351205-0n5n7p4b.json key: cord-351205-0n5n7p4b authors: Javed, Bilal; Sarwer, Abdullah; Soto, Erik B.; Mashwani, Zia‐ur‐Rehman title: The coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic's impact on mental health date: 2020-06-22 journal: Int J Health Plann Manage DOI: 10.1002/hpm.3008 sha: doc_id: 351205 cord_uid: 0n5n7p4b file: cache/cord-351411-q9kqjvvf.json key: cord-351411-q9kqjvvf authors: Moghadas, Seyed M; Haworth-Brockman, Margaret; Isfeld-Kiely, Harpa; Kettner, Joel title: Improving public health policy through infection transmission modelling: Guidelines for creating a Community of Practice date: 2015 journal: Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 351411 cord_uid: q9kqjvvf file: cache/cord-350000-eqn3kl5p.json key: cord-350000-eqn3kl5p authors: Drissi, Nidal; Ouhbi, Sofia; Janati Idrissi, Mohammed Abdou; Ghogho, Mounir title: An Analysis on Self-Management and Treatment-related Functionality and Characteristics of Highly Rated Anxiety Apps date: 2020-07-30 journal: Int J Med Inform DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2020.104243 sha: doc_id: 350000 cord_uid: eqn3kl5p file: cache/cord-352460-ql0eogzz.json key: cord-352460-ql0eogzz authors: Farmer, Nicole; Wallen, Gwenyth R.; Baumer, Yvonne; Powell-Wiley, Tiffany M. title: COVID-19: Growing Health Disparity Gaps and an Opportunity for Health Behavior Discovery? date: 2020-07-10 journal: Health Equity DOI: 10.1089/heq.2020.0026 sha: doc_id: 352460 cord_uid: ql0eogzz file: cache/cord-352665-ik67gpxf.json key: cord-352665-ik67gpxf authors: González-Rodríguez, Alexandre; Labad, Javier title: Mental health in times of COVID: Thoughts after the state of alarm() date: 2020-10-15 journal: Med Clin (Engl Ed) DOI: 10.1016/j.medcle.2020.07.007 sha: doc_id: 352665 cord_uid: ik67gpxf file: cache/cord-350380-4yardtss.json key: cord-350380-4yardtss authors: Jephcott, Freya L.; Wood, James L. N.; Cunningham, Andrew A. title: Facility-based surveillance for emerging infectious diseases; diagnostic practices in rural West African hospital settings: observations from Ghana date: 2017-07-19 journal: Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0544 sha: doc_id: 350380 cord_uid: 4yardtss file: cache/cord-351204-5m1ch7ls.json key: cord-351204-5m1ch7ls authors: Ford, James D.; Berrang-Ford, Lea; King, Malcolm; Furgal, Chris title: Vulnerability of Aboriginal health systems in Canada to climate change date: 2010-06-22 journal: Glob Environ Change DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2010.05.003 sha: doc_id: 351204 cord_uid: 5m1ch7ls file: cache/cord-352962-burm9nxm.json key: cord-352962-burm9nxm authors: Eckmanns, Tim; Füller, Henning; Roberts, Stephen L. title: Digital epidemiology and global health security; an interdisciplinary conversation date: 2019-03-19 journal: Life Sci Soc Policy DOI: 10.1186/s40504-019-0091-8 sha: doc_id: 352962 cord_uid: burm9nxm file: cache/cord-349489-8ldkbl2g.json key: cord-349489-8ldkbl2g authors: Taylor, A.L. title: International Law and Public Health Policy date: 2008-08-26 journal: International Encyclopedia of Public Health DOI: 10.1016/b978-012373960-5.00237-9 sha: doc_id: 349489 cord_uid: 8ldkbl2g file: cache/cord-352293-ha7xts89.json key: cord-352293-ha7xts89 authors: Thakur, Aditya title: Mental Health in High School Students at the Time of COVID-19: A Student’s Perspective date: 2020-08-26 journal: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2020.08.005 sha: doc_id: 352293 cord_uid: ha7xts89 file: cache/cord-351892-rmf0azon.json key: cord-351892-rmf0azon authors: Maldonado-Castellanos, Isaac title: Ethical issues when planning mental health services after COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-07-13 journal: Asian J Psychiatr DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102285 sha: doc_id: 351892 cord_uid: rmf0azon file: cache/cord-353401-y1mxnth7.json key: cord-353401-y1mxnth7 authors: Williams, Roger D.; Brundage, Jessica A.; Williams, Erin B. title: Moral Injury in Times of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-02 journal: J Health Serv Psychol DOI: 10.1007/s42843-020-00011-4 sha: doc_id: 353401 cord_uid: y1mxnth7 file: cache/cord-353866-0r1b44id.json key: cord-353866-0r1b44id authors: Sun, Hongpeng; Zhang, Qiuju; Luo, Xiao; Quan, Hude; Zhang, Feng; Liu, Chang; Liu, Meina title: Changes of Adult Population Health Status in China from 2003 to 2008 date: 2011-12-02 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028411 sha: doc_id: 353866 cord_uid: 0r1b44id file: cache/cord-352862-2q4h3bwj.json key: cord-352862-2q4h3bwj authors: Goswami, Mridula; Sharma, Sadhna; Kumar, Gyanendra; Gogia, Monica; Grewal, Monika; Garg, Aditi; Bhardwaj, Sakshi; Vignesh, Ramanand P; Narula, Vashi; Bidhan, Ravita title: Dealing with “Coronavirus Pandemic”: A Dental Outlook date: 2020 journal: Int J Clin Pediatr Dent DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1757 sha: doc_id: 352862 cord_uid: 2q4h3bwj file: cache/cord-353340-l0icku0i.json key: cord-353340-l0icku0i authors: Olaoye, Omotayo; Tuck, Chloe; Khor, Wei Ping; McMenamin, Roisin; Hudson, Luke; Northall, Mike; Panford-Quainoo, Edwin; Asima, Derrick Mawuena; Ashiru-Oredope, Diane title: Improving Access to Antimicrobial Prescribing Guidelines in 4 African Countries: Development and Pilot Implementation of an App and Cross-Sectional Assessment of Attitudes and Behaviour Survey of Healthcare Workers and Patients date: 2020-08-29 journal: Antibiotics (Basel) DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9090555 sha: doc_id: 353340 cord_uid: l0icku0i file: cache/cord-350498-jwweg06f.json key: cord-350498-jwweg06f authors: Abebe, Ayele; Mekuria, Abinet; Balchut, Awraris title: Awareness of Health Professionals on COVID-19 and Factors Affecting It Before and During Index Case in North Shoa Zone, Ethiopia, 2020 date: 2020-08-24 journal: Infect Drug Resist DOI: 10.2147/idr.s268033 sha: doc_id: 350498 cord_uid: jwweg06f file: cache/cord-353718-8a5pq57e.json key: cord-353718-8a5pq57e authors: Freitas, Ângela; Rodrigues, Teresa C.; Santana, Paula title: Assessing Urban Health Inequities through a Multidimensional and Participatory Framework: Evidence from the EURO-HEALTHY Project date: 2020-08-28 journal: J Urban Health DOI: 10.1007/s11524-020-00471-5 sha: doc_id: 353718 cord_uid: 8a5pq57e file: cache/cord-351912-xuiswu2l.json key: cord-351912-xuiswu2l authors: Wang, Weier; Tang, Jianming; Wei, Fangqiang title: Updated understanding of the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019‐nCoV) in Wuhan, China date: 2020-02-12 journal: J Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25689 sha: doc_id: 351912 cord_uid: xuiswu2l file: cache/cord-353185-aapg75af.json key: cord-353185-aapg75af authors: Tambo, Ernest; Tang, Shenglan; Ai, Lin; Zhou, Xiao-Nong title: The value of China-Africa health development initiatives in strengthening “One Health” strategy date: 2019-09-24 journal: Global Health Journal DOI: 10.1016/s2414-6447(19)30062-4 sha: doc_id: 353185 cord_uid: aapg75af file: cache/cord-354855-vwxbo01b.json key: cord-354855-vwxbo01b authors: Taylor, Allyn L; Habibi, Roojin; Burci, Gian Luca; Dagron, Stephanie; Eccleston-Turner, Mark; Gostin, Lawrence O; Meier, Benjamin Mason; Phelan, Alexandra; Villarreal, Pedro A; Yamin, Alicia Ely; Chirwa, Danwood; Forman, Lisa; Ooms, Gorik; Sekalala, Sharifah; Hoffman, Steven J title: Solidarity in the wake of COVID-19: reimagining the International Health Regulations date: 2020-06-19 journal: Lancet DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31417-3 sha: doc_id: 354855 cord_uid: vwxbo01b file: cache/cord-354371-321vd28d.json key: cord-354371-321vd28d authors: Hinchman, Angelica; Ali, Diab; Goodwin, Bailey W.; Gillie, Monica; Boudreaux, Jacob; Laborde, Yvens title: Global Health Is Local Health: A Multidisciplinary Perspective of COVID-19 date: 2020 journal: Ochsner J DOI: 10.31486/toj.20.0059 sha: doc_id: 354371 cord_uid: 321vd28d file: cache/cord-354677-duxm9u8v.json key: cord-354677-duxm9u8v authors: Sweileh, Waleed M. title: Bibliometric analysis of peer-reviewed literature on climate change and human health with an emphasis on infectious diseases date: 2020-05-08 journal: Global Health DOI: 10.1186/s12992-020-00576-1 sha: doc_id: 354677 cord_uid: duxm9u8v file: cache/cord-354434-bi409a6o.json key: cord-354434-bi409a6o authors: Benjamin, Georges C. title: Ensuring health equity during the COVID-19 pandemic: the role of public health infrastructure date: 2020-05-29 journal: Rev Panam Salud Publica DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2020.70 sha: doc_id: 354434 cord_uid: bi409a6o file: cache/cord-354111-rj6te7fz.json key: cord-354111-rj6te7fz authors: Stone, Teresa E.; Kunaviktikul, Wipada; Omura, Mieko; Petrini, Marcia title: Editorial: Facemasks and the Covid 19 pandemic: What advice should health professionals be giving the general public about the wearing of facemasks? date: 2020-04-12 journal: Nurs Health Sci DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12724 sha: doc_id: 354111 cord_uid: rj6te7fz file: cache/cord-352546-w3catjj3.json key: cord-352546-w3catjj3 authors: Degeling, Chris; Johnson, Jane; Kerridge, Ian; Wilson, Andrew; Ward, Michael; Stewart, Cameron; Gilbert, Gwendolyn title: Implementing a One Health approach to emerging infectious disease: reflections on the socio-political, ethical and legal dimensions date: 2015-12-29 journal: BMC Public Health DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2617-1 sha: doc_id: 352546 cord_uid: w3catjj3 file: cache/cord-355869-r68fccx0.json key: cord-355869-r68fccx0 authors: Ogle, H.L.; Sharma, R.K. title: Who must take responsibility for the health of the profession? Us date: 2020-07-19 journal: Public Health DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.06.018 sha: doc_id: 355869 cord_uid: r68fccx0 file: cache/cord-355523-zol0k94p.json key: cord-355523-zol0k94p authors: Hill-Cawthorne, Grant; Negin, Joel; Capon, Tony; Gilbert, Gwendolyn L; Nind, Lee; Nunn, Michael; Ridgway, Patricia; Schipp, Mark; Firman, Jenny; Sorrell, Tania C; Marais, Ben J title: Advancing Planetary Health in Australia: focus on emerging infections and antimicrobial resistance date: 2019-04-22 journal: BMJ Glob Health DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2018-001283 sha: doc_id: 355523 cord_uid: zol0k94p file: cache/cord-355726-44x0idzn.json key: cord-355726-44x0idzn authors: Ibrahim, Mohamed Izham Mohamed; Wertheimer, Albert I. title: Introduction: Discovering Issues and Challenges in Low- and Middle-Income Countries date: 2017-11-10 journal: Social and Administrative Aspects of Pharmacy in Low- and Middle-Income Countries DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-811228-1.00001-7 sha: doc_id: 355726 cord_uid: 44x0idzn file: cache/cord-355776-f8u66hbt.json key: cord-355776-f8u66hbt authors: Ni, Zhao; Lebowitz, Eli R.; Zou, Zhijie; Wang, Honghong; Liu, Huaping; Shrestha, Roman; Zhang, Qing; Hu, Jianwei; Yang, Shuying; Xu, Lei; Wu, Jianjun; Altice, Frederick L. title: Response to the COVID-19 Outbreak in Urban Settings in China date: 2020-09-09 journal: Res Sq DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-71833/v1 sha: doc_id: 355776 cord_uid: f8u66hbt file: cache/cord-355583-wzracd7t.json key: cord-355583-wzracd7t authors: Lemley, Trey; Fenske, Rachel Finch title: Health sciences librarians supporting health and nutrition education in a culinary medicine curriculum date: 2020-10-01 journal: Journal of the Medical Library Association : JMLA DOI: 10.5195/jmla.2020.911 sha: doc_id: 355583 cord_uid: wzracd7t file: cache/cord-354892-24wvly9f.json key: cord-354892-24wvly9f authors: Low, Daniel M; Rumker, Laurie; Talkar, Tanya; Torous, John; Cecchi, Guillermo; Ghosh, Satrajit S title: Natural Language Processing Reveals Vulnerable Mental Health Support Groups and Heightened Health Anxiety on Reddit During COVID-19: Observational Study date: 2020-10-12 journal: J Med Internet Res DOI: 10.2196/22635 sha: doc_id: 354892 cord_uid: 24wvly9f file: cache/cord-355488-ajlmyjoe.json key: cord-355488-ajlmyjoe authors: Ullrich, Sarah; Cheung, Maija; Namugga, Martha; Sion, Melanie; Ozgediz, Doruk; Yoo, Peter title: Navigating the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons From Global Surgery date: 2020-06-08 journal: Ann Surg DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000004115 sha: doc_id: 355488 cord_uid: ajlmyjoe file: cache/cord-355919-e8fhlo37.json key: cord-355919-e8fhlo37 authors: Semaan, Aline; Audet, Constance; Huysmans, Elise; Afolabi, Bosede; Assarag, Bouchra; Banke-Thomas, Aduragbemi; Blencowe, Hannah; Caluwaerts, Séverine; Campbell, Oona Maeve Renee; Cavallaro, Francesca L; Chavane, Leonardo; Day, Louise Tina; Delamou, Alexandre; Delvaux, Therese; Graham, Wendy Jane; Gon, Giorgia; Kascak, Peter; Matsui, Mitsuaki; Moxon, Sarah; Nakimuli, Annettee; Pembe, Andrea; Radovich, Emma; van den Akker, Thomas; Benova, Lenka title: Voices from the frontline: findings from a thematic analysis of a rapid online global survey of maternal and newborn health professionals facing the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-24 journal: BMJ Glob Health DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002967 sha: doc_id: 355919 cord_uid: e8fhlo37 file: cache/cord-355471-vt7qovf7.json key: cord-355471-vt7qovf7 authors: Ogojiaku, Chinonso N.; Allen, JC; Anson-Dwamena, Rexford; Barnett, Kierra S.; Adetona, Olorunfemi; Im, Wansoo; Hood, Darryl B. title: The Health Opportunity Index: Understanding the Input to Disparate Health Outcomes in Vulnerable and High-Risk Census Tracts date: 2020-08-10 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165767 sha: doc_id: 355471 cord_uid: vt7qovf7 Reading metadata file and updating bibliogrpahics === updating bibliographic database Building study carrel named keyword-health-cord parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 95. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 95. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 49541 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 52569 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 95. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 95. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 95. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 49679 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 49719 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 49925 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 50019 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 50058 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 50213 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 50395 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 50546 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 50832 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 51585 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 51651 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 51887 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 52634 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 53543 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 94. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 51127 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 94. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 94. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 93. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 95. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 94. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 93. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 94. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 48759 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 49010 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 49523 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 49779 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 49872 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 50334 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 52637 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 52757 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 52897 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 52901 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 53514 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 53512 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 52545 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 52572 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 52909 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 52863 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 49624 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 51600 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/cordwrd2carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 53389 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/cordpos2carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/cordwrd2carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/cordwrd2carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 94. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/cordent2carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/cordwrd2carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/cordwrd2carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/cordwrd2carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/cordent2carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 93. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 49642 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/cordent2carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 52836 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 53440 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-004407-f3lr0lwj author: nan title: Plans and prospects for the 2020s: Beyond peak health? date: 2020-02-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-004407-f3lr0lwj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-004407-f3lr0lwj.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-004407-f3lr0lwj.txt' /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable === file2bib.sh === id: cord-009402-fmg6hdm0 author: Chia, Terkuma title: Human Health Versus Human Rights: An Emerging Ethical Dilemma Arising From Coronavirus Disease Pandemic date: 2020-04-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-009402-fmg6hdm0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-009402-fmg6hdm0.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-009402-fmg6hdm0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-010515-6klurh6a author: Houtrow, Amy title: Addressing Burnout: Symptom Management Versus Treating the Cause date: 2020-05-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-010515-6klurh6a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-010515-6klurh6a.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-010515-6klurh6a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-004204-cpub9oah author: D’Cunha, Colin title: SARS: Lessons Learned from a Provincial Perspective date: 2004-01-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-004204-cpub9oah.txt cache: ./cache/cord-004204-cpub9oah.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-004204-cpub9oah.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-004203-mkr7n1i0 author: Mah, Catherine L. title: What’s Public? What’s Private?: Policy Trade-offs and the Debate Over Mandatory Annual Influenza Vaccination for Health Care Workers date: 2008-05-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-004203-mkr7n1i0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-004203-mkr7n1i0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-004203-mkr7n1i0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-011700-ljc5ywy2 author: Hamaguchi, Ryoko title: Picture of a pandemic: visual aids in the COVID-19 crisis date: 2020-06-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-011700-ljc5ywy2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-011700-ljc5ywy2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-011700-ljc5ywy2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-008926-ntv18e1s author: Han, Qide title: China and global health date: 2008-10-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-008926-ntv18e1s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-008926-ntv18e1s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-008926-ntv18e1s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-008855-hahqwt5x author: Alwan, Ala title: Responding to priority health challenges in the Arab world date: 2014-01-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-008855-hahqwt5x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-008855-hahqwt5x.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-008855-hahqwt5x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-014583-as7o3nt3 author: Osterholm, Michael T. title: Global Health Security—An Unfinished Journey date: 2017-12-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-014583-as7o3nt3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-014583-as7o3nt3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-014583-as7o3nt3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-002230-rtlygovi author: Martineau, Fred P. title: People-centred health systems: building more resilient health systems in the wake of the Ebola crisis date: 2016-09-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-002230-rtlygovi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-002230-rtlygovi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-002230-rtlygovi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-010128-op36qshp author: Dar, Osman title: Tempering the risk: Rift Valley fever and bioterrorism date: 2013-03-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-010128-op36qshp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-010128-op36qshp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-010128-op36qshp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-012583-n7zxbuf8 author: O’Kane, Gabrielle title: Telehealth—Improving access for rural, regional and remote communities date: 2020-08-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-012583-n7zxbuf8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-012583-n7zxbuf8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-012583-n7zxbuf8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-011992-jgw3nat2 author: Srinivas, Prashanth Nuggehalli title: “Together we move a mountain”: celebrating a decade of the Emerging Voices for Global Health network date: 2020-07-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-011992-jgw3nat2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-011992-jgw3nat2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-011992-jgw3nat2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-006163-37bnj3s3 author: Blouin, Chantal title: Global health diplomacy for obesity prevention: Lessons from tobacco control date: 2010-06-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-006163-37bnj3s3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-006163-37bnj3s3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-006163-37bnj3s3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-007532-1fpx9pxs author: Corless, Inge B. title: Expanding nursing's role in responding to global pandemics 5/14/2018 date: 2018-06-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-007532-1fpx9pxs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-007532-1fpx9pxs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-007532-1fpx9pxs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-008219-ng9xb46c author: Lassmann, Britta title: Highlights from the 6(th) International Meeting on Emerging Diseases and Surveillance (IMED 2016) Vienna, Austria from Nov 3 to 7, 2016 date: 2016-12-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-008219-ng9xb46c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-008219-ng9xb46c.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-008219-ng9xb46c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-009234-v4wlz3fa author: Merianos, Angela title: International Health Regulations (2005) date: 2005-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-009234-v4wlz3fa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-009234-v4wlz3fa.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-009234-v4wlz3fa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-001038-91uj6sph author: Mirza, Nabila title: Steps to a Sustainable Public Health Surveillance Enterprise A Commentary from the International Society for Disease Surveillance date: 2013-07-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-001038-91uj6sph.txt cache: ./cache/cord-001038-91uj6sph.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-001038-91uj6sph.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-001757-q41o6nxs author: Ruscio, Bruce A. title: One Health – a strategy for resilience in a changing arctic date: 2015-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-001757-q41o6nxs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-001757-q41o6nxs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-001757-q41o6nxs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-016852-4lf8n7mr author: Mihaylova-Garnizova, Raynichka title: Case Study – Bulgaria date: 2012-08-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-016852-4lf8n7mr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-016852-4lf8n7mr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-016852-4lf8n7mr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-016105-jkaxemmb author: Nakao, Mutsuhiro title: Prevention and Psychological Intervention in Depression and Stress-Related Conditions date: 2011 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-016105-jkaxemmb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-016105-jkaxemmb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-016105-jkaxemmb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-005159-6agnsbyd author: Turner, Bryan Stanley title: Vulnerability, diversity and scarcity: on universal rights date: 2013-07-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-005159-6agnsbyd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-005159-6agnsbyd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-005159-6agnsbyd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-001343-3euy4u9k author: Wang, Yadong title: A Multi-Method Approach to Curriculum Development for In-Service Training in China’s Newly Established Health Emergency Response Offices date: 2014-06-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-001343-3euy4u9k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-001343-3euy4u9k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-001343-3euy4u9k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-016141-mtxdn5ks author: Oppong, Joseph R. title: From Medical Geography to Computational Epidemiology – Dynamics of Tuberculosis Transmission in Enclosed Spaces date: 2006 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-016141-mtxdn5ks.txt cache: ./cache/cord-016141-mtxdn5ks.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-016141-mtxdn5ks.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-007118-fo2lq1sb author: Zakaria, Nasriah title: Development of Saudi e-health literacy scale for chronic diseases in Saudi Arabia: using integrated health literacy dimensions date: 2018-03-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-007118-fo2lq1sb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-007118-fo2lq1sb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-007118-fo2lq1sb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-016240-2el11d1g author: Cheong, Irene Poh-Ai title: Working Towards A Healthier Brunei date: 2012 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-016240-2el11d1g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-016240-2el11d1g.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-016240-2el11d1g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-004973-yqcc54iv author: Reitmanova, Sylvia title: “Disease-Breeders” Among Us: Deconstructing Race and Ethnicity as Risk Factors of Immigrant Ill Health date: 2009-07-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-004973-yqcc54iv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-004973-yqcc54iv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-004973-yqcc54iv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-004256-83crtevc author: Moreno Sancho, Federico title: Development of a tool to assess oral health-related quality of life in patients hospitalised in critical care date: 2019-10-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-004256-83crtevc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-004256-83crtevc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-004256-83crtevc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-011818-z89m8dur author: Ki, Jison title: Association between Health Problems and Turnover Intention in Shift Work Nurses: Health Problem Clustering date: 2020-06-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-011818-z89m8dur.txt cache: ./cache/cord-011818-z89m8dur.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-011818-z89m8dur.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-017224-naromr0a author: McLeish, Caitriona title: Evolving Biosecurity Frameworks date: 2016-12-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-017224-naromr0a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-017224-naromr0a.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-017224-naromr0a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-004531-agvg719f author: Schröder-Bäck, P. title: Ethische Aspekte eines Influenzapandemiemanagements und Schlussfolgerungen für die Gesundheitspolitik: Ein Überblick date: 2008-02-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-004531-agvg719f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-004531-agvg719f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-004531-agvg719f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-016387-ju4130bq author: Last, John title: A Brief History of Advances Toward Health date: 2005 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-016387-ju4130bq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-016387-ju4130bq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-016387-ju4130bq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-005080-r01ii1bu author: Butler, Colin D. title: Human Health, Well-Being, and Global Ecological Scenarios date: 2005-02-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-005080-r01ii1bu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-005080-r01ii1bu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-005080-r01ii1bu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-004639-qwxkn0j0 author: Aceng, Jane Ruth title: Uganda’s experience in Ebola virus disease outbreak preparedness, 2018–2019 date: 2020-03-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-004639-qwxkn0j0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-004639-qwxkn0j0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-004639-qwxkn0j0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-001400-ie22xisg author: Zhong, Shuang title: Progress and challenges of disaster health management in China: a scoping review date: 2014-09-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-001400-ie22xisg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-001400-ie22xisg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-001400-ie22xisg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-006100-zvb7bxix author: Connolly, John title: The “wicked problems” of governing UK health security disaster prevention: The case of pandemic influenza date: 2015-06-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-006100-zvb7bxix.txt cache: ./cache/cord-006100-zvb7bxix.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-006100-zvb7bxix.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-001506-2gzi3fo9 author: Davies, Jane title: “Only your blood can tell the story” – a qualitative research study using semi- structured interviews to explore the hepatitis B related knowledge, perceptions and experiences of remote dwelling Indigenous Australians and their health care providers in northern Australia date: 2014-11-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-001506-2gzi3fo9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-001506-2gzi3fo9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-001506-2gzi3fo9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-006037-we1rp0pa author: Koh, Howard K. title: Leadership in public health date: 2009 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-006037-we1rp0pa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-006037-we1rp0pa.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-006037-we1rp0pa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-025682-b5x2x93f author: Soleimanpour, Samira title: School-Based Health Centers: At the Intersection of Health and Education date: 2020-05-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-025682-b5x2x93f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-025682-b5x2x93f.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-025682-b5x2x93f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-016840-p3sq99yg author: Bales, Connie Watkins title: Minimizing the Impact of Complex Emergencies on Nutrition and Geriatric Health: Planning for Prevention is Key date: 2008-09-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-016840-p3sq99yg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-016840-p3sq99yg.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-016840-p3sq99yg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-015552-pm9kdqdw author: Kreuder-Sonnen, Christian title: China vs the WHO: a behavioural norm conflict in the SARS crisis date: 2019-05-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-015552-pm9kdqdw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-015552-pm9kdqdw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-015552-pm9kdqdw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-002885-dhdyxnr3 author: Den Boon, Saskia title: Incorporating health workers’ perspectives into a WHO guideline on personal protective equipment developed during an Ebola virus disease outbreak date: 2018-03-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-002885-dhdyxnr3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-002885-dhdyxnr3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-002885-dhdyxnr3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-017281-b1kubfl0 author: Milcent, Carine title: Hospital Institutional Context and Funding date: 2018-02-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-017281-b1kubfl0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-017281-b1kubfl0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-017281-b1kubfl0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-021933-5082epvg author: Kearney, Alexis title: Introduction to Biological Agents and Pandemics date: 2015-10-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-021933-5082epvg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-021933-5082epvg.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-021933-5082epvg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-027641-0ufwlw87 author: nan title: COVID-19 and social distancing date: 2020-06-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-027641-0ufwlw87.txt cache: ./cache/cord-027641-0ufwlw87.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-027641-0ufwlw87.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-029582-kap3tdiy author: Srinivasan, Malathi title: Enhancing patient engagement during virtual care: A conceptual model and rapid implementation at an academic medical center date: 2020-07-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-029582-kap3tdiy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-029582-kap3tdiy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-029582-kap3tdiy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-022452-gyuldf4a author: Ostroff, Stephen M. title: The Spread of Disease in the 20th Century and Lessons for the 21st Century date: 2009-11-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-022452-gyuldf4a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-022452-gyuldf4a.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-022452-gyuldf4a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-018116-99z6ykb2 author: Healing, Tim title: Surveillance and Control of Communicable Disease in Conflicts and Disasters date: 2009 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-018116-99z6ykb2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-018116-99z6ykb2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-018116-99z6ykb2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-020130-g9p5lgmn author: Ratshidi, Lilies title: Categorization of Factors Influencing Community Health Workers from a Socio-Technical Systems Perspective date: 2020-03-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-020130-g9p5lgmn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-020130-g9p5lgmn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-020130-g9p5lgmn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-004017-gcmpatlb author: Errecaborde, Kaylee Myhre title: Factors that enable effective One Health collaborations - A scoping review of the literature date: 2019-12-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-004017-gcmpatlb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-004017-gcmpatlb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-004017-gcmpatlb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-022054-yeavs06o author: Guidotti, Tee L. title: Occupational Medicine: An Asset in Time of Crisis date: 2009-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-022054-yeavs06o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-022054-yeavs06o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-022054-yeavs06o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-018024-fzjbdsg0 author: Pellegrino, Edmund D. title: The Good of Patients and the Good of Society: Striking a Moral Balance date: 2004 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-018024-fzjbdsg0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-018024-fzjbdsg0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-018024-fzjbdsg0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-029616-hfxal05z author: Park, Brian title: Co-Creating a Thriving Human-Centered Health System in the Post-Covid-19 Era date: 2020-06-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-029616-hfxal05z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-029616-hfxal05z.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-029616-hfxal05z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-018632-azrqz6hf author: Ganasegeran, Kurubaran title: Artificial Intelligence Applications in Tracking Health Behaviors During Disease Epidemics date: 2019-11-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-018632-azrqz6hf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-018632-azrqz6hf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-018632-azrqz6hf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-021121-qgqzr6n2 author: Albrecht, Harro title: Global Health. Die Gesundheit der Welt in der internationalen Politik date: 2008-10-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-021121-qgqzr6n2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-021121-qgqzr6n2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-021121-qgqzr6n2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-023792-lrgj8gxd author: RENDA, Andrea title: Towards Stronger EU Governance of Health Threats after the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-023792-lrgj8gxd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-023792-lrgj8gxd.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-023792-lrgj8gxd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-029261-6d9cjeec author: D’Alessandro, Daniela title: Urban Public Health, a Multidisciplinary Approach date: 2020-07-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-029261-6d9cjeec.txt cache: ./cache/cord-029261-6d9cjeec.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-029261-6d9cjeec.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-018384-peh5efat author: Merrick, Riki title: Public Health Laboratories date: 2013-07-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-018384-peh5efat.txt cache: ./cache/cord-018384-peh5efat.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-018384-peh5efat.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-024087-j6riw1ir author: Stikova, Elisaveta title: Strengthening the Early-Warning Function of the Surveillance System: The Macedonian Experience date: 2010-07-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-024087-j6riw1ir.txt cache: ./cache/cord-024087-j6riw1ir.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-024087-j6riw1ir.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-034373-7v7r44do author: Stevens, Jennifer P. title: Healthcare’s earthquake: Lessons from complex adaptive systems to develop Covid-19-responsive measures and models date: 2020-10-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-034373-7v7r44do.txt cache: ./cache/cord-034373-7v7r44do.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-034373-7v7r44do.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-024058-afgvztwo author: nan title: Engineering a Global Response to Infectious Diseases: This paper presents a more robust, adaptable, and scalable engineering infrastructure to improve the capability to respond to infectious diseases.Contributed Paper date: 2015-02-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-024058-afgvztwo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-024058-afgvztwo.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-024058-afgvztwo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-020151-utztcf1l author: Renner-Micah, Anthony title: Institutional Effects on National Health Insurance Digital Platform Development and Use: The Case of Ghana date: 2020-03-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-020151-utztcf1l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-020151-utztcf1l.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-020151-utztcf1l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-024673-cl8gydrj author: Rosen, Lawrence D. title: Whole Health Learning: The Revolutionary Child of Integrative Health and Education date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-024673-cl8gydrj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-024673-cl8gydrj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-024673-cl8gydrj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-018497-oy7hsrpt author: Beutels, Philippe P.A. title: Economic aspects of vaccines and vaccination: a global perspective date: 2005 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-018497-oy7hsrpt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-018497-oy7hsrpt.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-018497-oy7hsrpt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-023947-uijafp1p author: Vögele, Jörg title: Epidemien und Pandemien in historischer Perspektive date: 2016-06-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-023947-uijafp1p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-023947-uijafp1p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-023947-uijafp1p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-024274-jps1j60a author: Miranda, Mary Elizabeth G. title: Rabies Prevention in Asia: Institutionalizing Implementation Capacities date: 2020-05-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-024274-jps1j60a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-024274-jps1j60a.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-024274-jps1j60a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-018760-blwguyl4 author: Guleria, Randeep title: Health Effects of Changing Environment date: 2019-03-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-018760-blwguyl4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-018760-blwguyl4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-018760-blwguyl4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-031508-1l9dxc16 author: Bradbury, Sarah title: Mind over matter date: 2020-09-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-031508-1l9dxc16.txt cache: ./cache/cord-031508-1l9dxc16.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-031508-1l9dxc16.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-022066-8aj480hz author: MacPherson, Douglas W. title: Health Screening in Immigrants, Refugees, and International Adoptees date: 2016-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-022066-8aj480hz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-022066-8aj480hz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-022066-8aj480hz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-022075-bbae2nam author: Gougelet, Robert M. title: Disaster Mitigation date: 2009-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-022075-bbae2nam.txt cache: ./cache/cord-022075-bbae2nam.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-022075-bbae2nam.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-017367-15o6g57q author: Polychronakis, Ioannis title: Workplace Health Promotion Interventions ConcerningWomenWorkers' Occupational Hazards date: 2008 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-017367-15o6g57q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-017367-15o6g57q.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-017367-15o6g57q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-025056-geboovve author: Xu, Yeqing title: Mental health services in Shanghai during the COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-05-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-025056-geboovve.txt cache: ./cache/cord-025056-geboovve.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-025056-geboovve.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-018316-drjfwcdg author: Shephard, Roy J. title: Building the Infrastructure and Regulations Needed for Public Health and Fitness date: 2017-09-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-018316-drjfwcdg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-018316-drjfwcdg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-018316-drjfwcdg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-024078-d34e31zd author: Baldwin-Ragaven, Laurel title: Social Dimensions of COVID-19 in South Africa: A Neglected Element of the Treatment Plan date: 2020-04-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-024078-d34e31zd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-024078-d34e31zd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-024078-d34e31zd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-018917-7px75s3c author: Hopkins, Richard S. title: Informatics in Disease Prevention and Epidemiology date: 2013-07-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-018917-7px75s3c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-018917-7px75s3c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-018917-7px75s3c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-010326-9xf2luzi author: Zheng, Ya-Li title: Unobtrusive Sensing and Wearable Devices for Health Informatics date: 2014-03-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-010326-9xf2luzi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-010326-9xf2luzi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-010326-9xf2luzi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-024614-6bu3zo01 author: Tang, Daxing title: Prevention and control strategies for emergency, limited-term, and elective operations in pediatric surgery during the epidemic period of COVID-19 date: 2020-03-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-024614-6bu3zo01.txt cache: ./cache/cord-024614-6bu3zo01.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-024614-6bu3zo01.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-010513-7p07efxo author: Daniels, Norman title: Resource Allocation and Priority Setting date: 2015-08-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-010513-7p07efxo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-010513-7p07efxo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-010513-7p07efxo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-030886-yirpxgqi author: Ibáñez-Vizoso, Jesús E. title: International Mental Health perspectives on the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 pandemic() date: 2020-08-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-030886-yirpxgqi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-030886-yirpxgqi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-030886-yirpxgqi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-022161-quns9b84 author: Cui, Shunji title: China in the Fight Against the Ebola Crisis: Human Security Perspectives date: 2018-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-022161-quns9b84.txt cache: ./cache/cord-022161-quns9b84.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-022161-quns9b84.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-022266-nezgzovk author: Henderson, Joan C. title: Tourism and Health Crises date: 2009-11-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-022266-nezgzovk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-022266-nezgzovk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-022266-nezgzovk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-018125-khhzlt9y author: Jain, Aditya title: Work, Health, Safety and Well-Being: Current State of the Art date: 2018-04-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-018125-khhzlt9y.txt cache: ./cache/cord-018125-khhzlt9y.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-018125-khhzlt9y.txt' === file2bib.sh === /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: fork: retry: No child processes id: cord-018151-5su98uan author: Lynteris, Christos title: Introduction: Infectious Animals and Epidemic Blame date: 2019-10-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-018151-5su98uan.txt cache: ./cache/cord-018151-5su98uan.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-018151-5su98uan.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-035044-duzoa2v7 author: Sondermann, Elena title: The threat of thinking in threats: reframing global health during and after COVID-19 date: 2020-11-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-035044-duzoa2v7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-035044-duzoa2v7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-035044-duzoa2v7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-027704-zm1nae6h author: Vito, Domenico title: The PULSE Project: A Case of Use of Big Data Uses Toward a Cohomprensive Health Vision of City Well Being date: 2020-05-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-027704-zm1nae6h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-027704-zm1nae6h.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-027704-zm1nae6h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-023853-y5g4ceq9 author: Affolder, Rebecca title: Global Immunization Challenge: Progress and Opportunities date: 2009-05-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-023853-y5g4ceq9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-023853-y5g4ceq9.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-023853-y5g4ceq9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-027552-6ne9yrc5 author: Ingoglia, Chuck title: Our Voice and Our Vote Are More Important Than Ever Before date: 2020-06-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-027552-6ne9yrc5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-027552-6ne9yrc5.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-027552-6ne9yrc5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-033287-24zkbi3z author: Ali, Sana title: Combatting Against Covid-19 & Misinformation: A Systematic Review date: 2020-10-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-033287-24zkbi3z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-033287-24zkbi3z.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-033287-24zkbi3z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-024885-6gsnmegj author: Eccleston-Turner, Mark title: The Law of Responsibility and the World Health Organisation: A Case Study on the West African Ebola Outbreak date: 2020-05-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-024885-6gsnmegj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-024885-6gsnmegj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-024885-6gsnmegj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-029596-tdrhcq7z author: Mjåset, Christer title: On Having a National Strategy in a Time of Crisis: Covid-19 Lessons from Norway date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-029596-tdrhcq7z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-029596-tdrhcq7z.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-029596-tdrhcq7z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-035016-ipv8npdy author: Torreele, Els title: Business-as-Usual will not Deliver the COVID-19 Vaccines We Need date: 2020-11-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-035016-ipv8npdy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-035016-ipv8npdy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-035016-ipv8npdy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-017315-3mxkfvvu author: de Leeuw, Evelyne title: From Urban Projects to Healthy City Policies date: 2016-09-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-017315-3mxkfvvu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-017315-3mxkfvvu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-017315-3mxkfvvu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-030771-0x0d56fb author: Sorenson, Corinna title: Building A Better Health Care System Post-Covid-19: Steps for Reducing Low-Value and Wasteful Care date: 2020-08-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-030771-0x0d56fb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-030771-0x0d56fb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-030771-0x0d56fb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-018504-qqsmn72u author: Caron, Rosemary M. title: Public Health Lessons: Practicing and Teaching Public Health date: 2014-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-018504-qqsmn72u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-018504-qqsmn72u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-018504-qqsmn72u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-020544-kc52thr8 author: Bradt, David A. title: Technical Annexes date: 2019-12-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-020544-kc52thr8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-020544-kc52thr8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-020544-kc52thr8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-024818-ntq02huc author: Wright, Natalie title: Health Emergency and Disaster Risk Management: Five Years into Implementation of the Sendai Framework date: 2020-04-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-024818-ntq02huc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-024818-ntq02huc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-024818-ntq02huc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-026999-r8teblhs author: DiBenigno, Julia title: Structuring mental health support for frontline caregivers during COVID-19: lessons from organisational scholarship on unit-aligned support date: 2020-06-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-026999-r8teblhs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-026999-r8teblhs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-026999-r8teblhs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-028590-rw0okd0p author: Westgarth, David title: What does the future hold for the workforce of tomorrow? date: 2020-07-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-028590-rw0okd0p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-028590-rw0okd0p.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-028590-rw0okd0p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-034243-iz2alys0 author: Francis, John G. title: Fairness in the Use of Information About Carriers of Resistant Infections date: 2020-04-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-034243-iz2alys0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-034243-iz2alys0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-034243-iz2alys0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-018336-6fh69mk4 author: Yasnoff, William A. title: Public Health Informatics and the Health Information Infrastructure date: 2006 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-018336-6fh69mk4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-018336-6fh69mk4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-018336-6fh69mk4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-031017-xjnbmah5 author: Van Goethem, N. title: Perceived utility and feasibility of pathogen genomics for public health practice: a survey among public health professionals working in the field of infectious diseases, Belgium, 2019 date: 2020-08-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-031017-xjnbmah5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-031017-xjnbmah5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-031017-xjnbmah5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-030872-qhyjhk1r author: Wissow, Lawrence S. title: Policy recommendations to promote integrated mental health care for children and youth date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-030872-qhyjhk1r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-030872-qhyjhk1r.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-030872-qhyjhk1r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-027756-w44t68tj author: Coggon, John title: Postscript: COVID-19 and the Legal Determinants of Health date: 2020-05-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-027756-w44t68tj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-027756-w44t68tj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-027756-w44t68tj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-032492-2av9kl1c author: Feldman, Sue S. title: Impact of Provider Prior Use of HIE on System Complexity, Performance, Patient Care, Quality and System Concerns date: 2020-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-032492-2av9kl1c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-032492-2av9kl1c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-032492-2av9kl1c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-034942-ezwt39rq author: Asayama, Shinichiro title: Are we ignoring a black elephant in the Anthropocene? Climate change and global pandemic as the crisis in health and equality date: 2020-11-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-034942-ezwt39rq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-034942-ezwt39rq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-034942-ezwt39rq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-024933-vddwzeew author: Dhesi, Surindar title: The Developing Role of Evidence-Based Environmental Health: Perceptions, Experiences, and Understandings From the Front Line date: 2015-10-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-024933-vddwzeew.txt cache: ./cache/cord-024933-vddwzeew.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-024933-vddwzeew.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-016704-99v4brjf author: Nicholson, Felicity title: Infectious Diseases: The Role of the Forensic Physician date: 2005 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-016704-99v4brjf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-016704-99v4brjf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-016704-99v4brjf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-024991-9ybyt89r author: Hastings, Gerard title: COVID-19: our last teachable moment date: 2020-05-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-024991-9ybyt89r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-024991-9ybyt89r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-024991-9ybyt89r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-033803-79me0615 author: Holland, Caroline title: Why prevention must be targeted, creative and multi-faceted date: 2020-10-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-033803-79me0615.txt cache: ./cache/cord-033803-79me0615.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-033803-79me0615.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-025496-lezggdjb author: Hannah, Adam title: The promises and pitfalls of polysemic ideas: ‘One Health’ and antimicrobial resistance policy in Australia and the UK date: 2020-05-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-025496-lezggdjb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-025496-lezggdjb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-025496-lezggdjb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-029633-njeewhv3 author: Ryu, Jaewon title: A Flower Blooms in the Bitter Soil of the Covid-19 Crisis date: 2020-06-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-029633-njeewhv3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-029633-njeewhv3.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-029633-njeewhv3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-016160-ugc7ce21 author: Ching, Frank title: Bird Flu, SARS and Beyond date: 2018-03-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-016160-ugc7ce21.txt cache: ./cache/cord-016160-ugc7ce21.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-016160-ugc7ce21.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-033329-gi0mug1p author: Montesi, Michela title: Understanding fake news during the Covid-19 health crisis from the perspective of information behaviour: The case of Spain date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-033329-gi0mug1p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-033329-gi0mug1p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-033329-gi0mug1p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-017620-p65lijyu author: Rodriguez-Proteau, Rosita title: Toxicity Evaluation and Human Health Risk Assessment of Surface and Ground Water Contaminated by Recycled Hazardous Waste Materials date: 2005-07-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-017620-p65lijyu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-017620-p65lijyu.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-017620-p65lijyu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-035182-ax6v3ak5 author: Griebenow, Reinhard title: Outcomes in CME/CPD - Special Collection: How to make the “pyramid” a perpetuum mobile date: 2020-10-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-035182-ax6v3ak5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-035182-ax6v3ak5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-035182-ax6v3ak5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-034169-nkosr3br author: Williams, Katie title: Home visiting: A lifeline for families during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-034169-nkosr3br.txt cache: ./cache/cord-034169-nkosr3br.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-034169-nkosr3br.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-033452-y5tavcjb author: Cohen, Jennifer title: COVID-19 Capitalism: The Profit Motive versus Public Health date: 2020-09-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-033452-y5tavcjb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-033452-y5tavcjb.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-033452-y5tavcjb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-034133-tx0hciiv author: Engda, Tigist title: The contribution of medical educational system of the College of Medicine, and Health Sciences of the University of Gondar in Ethiopia on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of graduate students of Health Sciences in relation to the prevention and control of nosocomial infections during the academic year of 2018 date: 2020-10-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-034133-tx0hciiv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-034133-tx0hciiv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-034133-tx0hciiv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-018517-hrb1vt03 author: Hipgrave, David title: Health System in China date: 2018-09-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-018517-hrb1vt03.txt cache: ./cache/cord-018517-hrb1vt03.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-018517-hrb1vt03.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-017675-in9r33ww author: nan title: The Way Forward: Prevention, Treatment and Human Rights date: 2008 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-017675-in9r33ww.txt cache: ./cache/cord-017675-in9r33ww.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-017675-in9r33ww.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-035012-9r8hlwyd author: Rhyan, Corwin title: Tracking the U.S. health sector: the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-11-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-035012-9r8hlwyd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-035012-9r8hlwyd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-035012-9r8hlwyd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-018566-dd5gw66t author: Armbruster, Walter J. title: The Political Economy of US Antibiotic Use in Animal Feed date: 2018-05-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-018566-dd5gw66t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-018566-dd5gw66t.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-018566-dd5gw66t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-030529-2wkes9nk author: Goggin, Gerard title: COVID-19 apps in Singapore and Australia: reimagining healthy nations with digital technology date: 2020-08-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-030529-2wkes9nk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-030529-2wkes9nk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-030529-2wkes9nk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-033331-giku34r9 author: Manrique-Saide, Pablo title: The TIRS trial: protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial assessing the efficacy of preventive targeted indoor residual spraying to reduce Aedes-borne viral illnesses in Merida, Mexico date: 2020-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-033331-giku34r9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-033331-giku34r9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-033331-giku34r9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-104419-lzwyaq3y author: KHODAYARI-ZARNAQ, Rahim title: Global Health Diplomacy: A Closer Look date: 2019-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-104419-lzwyaq3y.txt cache: ./cache/cord-104419-lzwyaq3y.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-104419-lzwyaq3y.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-048449-mzn448zk author: Challen, Kirsty title: Clinical review: Mass casualty triage – pandemic influenza and critical care date: 2007-04-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-048449-mzn448zk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-048449-mzn448zk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-048449-mzn448zk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-035138-7v92aukg author: Tognoni, Gianni title: Health as a Human Right: A Fake News in a Post-human World? date: 2020-11-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-035138-7v92aukg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-035138-7v92aukg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-035138-7v92aukg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-030018-sabmw7wf author: El-Shabrawi, Mortada title: Infant and child health and healthcare before and after COVID-19 pandemic: will it be the same ever? date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-030018-sabmw7wf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-030018-sabmw7wf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-030018-sabmw7wf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-035290-ungilw9s author: Rice, Louis title: After Covid-19: urban design as spatial medicine date: 2020-11-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-035290-ungilw9s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-035290-ungilw9s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-035290-ungilw9s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-022130-jckfzaf0 author: Walsh, Patrick F. title: Intelligence and Stakeholders date: 2018-09-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-022130-jckfzaf0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-022130-jckfzaf0.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-022130-jckfzaf0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-034270-0fcac9aw author: Srisai, Patinya title: Perspectives of Migrants and Employers on the National Insurance Policy (Health Insurance Card Scheme) for Migrants: A Case Study in Ranong, Thailand date: 2020-10-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-034270-0fcac9aw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-034270-0fcac9aw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-034270-0fcac9aw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-035133-znbqpwgu author: Aye, Baba title: Health Workers on the Frontline Struggle for Health as a Social Common date: 2020-11-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-035133-znbqpwgu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-035133-znbqpwgu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-035133-znbqpwgu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-034351-5br4faov author: Xu, Shuang-Fei title: Cross-Sectional Seroepidemiologic Study of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) among Close Contacts, Children, and Migrant Workers in Shanghai date: 2020-10-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-034351-5br4faov.txt cache: ./cache/cord-034351-5br4faov.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-034351-5br4faov.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-035137-uxtaw02u author: Chowdhury, Anis Z. title: Responding to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Developing Countries: Lessons from Selected Countries of the Global South date: 2020-11-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-035137-uxtaw02u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-035137-uxtaw02u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-035137-uxtaw02u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253035-tijcxtwx author: Wang, Chen title: A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern date: 2020-01-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253035-tijcxtwx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253035-tijcxtwx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-253035-tijcxtwx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254782-fzuasf2o author: Tadesse, Degena Bahrey title: Knowledge, attitude, practice and psychological response toward COVID-19 among nurses during the COVID-19 outbreak in Northern Ethiopia, 2020 date: 2020-10-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254782-fzuasf2o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254782-fzuasf2o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-254782-fzuasf2o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252161-1ve7heyb author: Maulik, Pallab K. title: Roadmap to strengthen global mental health systems to tackle the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252161-1ve7heyb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252161-1ve7heyb.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-252161-1ve7heyb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-019057-3j2fl358 author: Afolabi, Michael Olusegun title: Pandemic Influenza: A Comparative Ethical Approach date: 2018-08-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-019057-3j2fl358.txt cache: ./cache/cord-019057-3j2fl358.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-019057-3j2fl358.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252111-hllama3i author: Beitsch, Leslie M. title: The Medicine and Public Health Initiative Ten Years Later date: 2005-08-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252111-hllama3i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252111-hllama3i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-252111-hllama3i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-104377-ut9uxu3d author: nan title: Errata date: 2005-04-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-104377-ut9uxu3d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-104377-ut9uxu3d.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-104377-ut9uxu3d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-035030-ig4nwtmi author: nan title: 10th European Conference on Rare Diseases & Orphan Products (ECRD 2020) date: 2020-11-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-035030-ig4nwtmi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-035030-ig4nwtmi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-035030-ig4nwtmi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-104455-bcj2y90n author: Friedman, Eric A. title: Global Health in the Age of COVID-19: Responsive Health Systems Through a Right to Health Fund date: 2020-06-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-104455-bcj2y90n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-104455-bcj2y90n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-104455-bcj2y90n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253580-q13qndic author: Onyeaka, Henry K title: The Unaddressed Behavioral Health Aspect During the Coronavirus Pandemic date: 2020-03-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253580-q13qndic.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253580-q13qndic.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-253580-q13qndic.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-035204-64gk4d8p author: Kumar, Ramya title: Zambia field epidemiology training program: strengthening health security through workforce development date: 2020-08-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-035204-64gk4d8p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-035204-64gk4d8p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-035204-64gk4d8p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-207920-ekv04pop author: Andersson, Tommy title: Optimal Trade-Off Between Economic Activity and Health During an Epidemic date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-207920-ekv04pop.txt cache: ./cache/cord-207920-ekv04pop.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-207920-ekv04pop.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-104450-nb2sxfax author: Bouso, José Carlos title: Traditional Healing Practices Involving Psychoactive Plants and the Global Mental Health Agenda: Opportunities, Pitfalls, and Challenges in the “Right to Science” Framework date: 2020-06-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-104450-nb2sxfax.txt cache: ./cache/cord-104450-nb2sxfax.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-104450-nb2sxfax.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253120-yzb8yo90 author: Popovich, Michael L. title: The Power of Consumer Activism and the Value of Public Health Immunization Registries in a Pandemic: Preparedness for Emerging Diseases and Today’s Outbreaks date: 2018-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253120-yzb8yo90.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253120-yzb8yo90.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-253120-yzb8yo90.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-251970-r5cbuvcw author: Cai, Wenpeng title: A cross-sectional study on mental health among health care workers during the outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019 date: 2020-04-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-251970-r5cbuvcw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-251970-r5cbuvcw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-251970-r5cbuvcw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254708-3d3abhg5 author: Herten-Crabb, Asha title: Why WHO needs a feminist economic agenda date: 2020-03-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254708-3d3abhg5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254708-3d3abhg5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-254708-3d3abhg5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-104288-120uu4dh author: Ford, Lea Berrang title: Climate Change and Health in Canada date: 2009-01-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-104288-120uu4dh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-104288-120uu4dh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-104288-120uu4dh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-033401-0o1g1924 author: Jerry II, Robert H title: COVID-19: responsibility and accountability in a world of rationing date: 2020-09-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-033401-0o1g1924.txt cache: ./cache/cord-033401-0o1g1924.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-033401-0o1g1924.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-251979-j3mme15e author: Kandeel, Amr title: Morbidity, Mortality, and Seasonality of Influenza Hospitalizations in Egypt, November 2007-November 2014 date: 2016-09-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-251979-j3mme15e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-251979-j3mme15e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-251979-j3mme15e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252947-giijfhbz author: Khubone, Thokozani title: Electronic Health Information Systems to Improve Disease Diagnosis and Management at Point-of-Care in Low and Middle Income Countries: A Narrative Review date: 2020-05-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252947-giijfhbz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252947-giijfhbz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-252947-giijfhbz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-104008-luqvw0y8 author: Levinson, Julia title: Investigating the effectiveness of school health services delivered by a health provider: a systematic review of systematic reviews date: 2019-02-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-104008-luqvw0y8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-104008-luqvw0y8.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-104008-luqvw0y8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254981-ztdhgxno author: Czernin, Johannes title: The Impact of COVID-19 on the Health-Care Workforce: from Heroes to Zeroes? date: 2020-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254981-ztdhgxno.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254981-ztdhgxno.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-254981-ztdhgxno.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-033772-uzgya4k9 author: Strömmer, Sofia title: Engaging adolescents in changing behaviour (EACH-B): a study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial to improve dietary quality and physical activity date: 2020-10-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-033772-uzgya4k9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-033772-uzgya4k9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-033772-uzgya4k9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-102885-5y9nkal3 author: Lee, Hyeon-Seung title: Deterioration of mental health despite successful control of the COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea. date: 2020-11-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-102885-5y9nkal3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-102885-5y9nkal3.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-102885-5y9nkal3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253853-jocwiafy author: Ahmed, Naseer title: Knowledge, Awareness and Practice of Health care Professionals amid SARS-CoV-2, Corona Virus Disease Outbreak date: 2020-05-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253853-jocwiafy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253853-jocwiafy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-253853-jocwiafy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254904-4eduslpb author: Griffiths, S. title: Pandemics and epidemics: public health and gambling harms date: 2020-07-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254904-4eduslpb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254904-4eduslpb.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-254904-4eduslpb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-018364-b06084r1 author: LaBrunda, Michelle title: The Emerging Threat of Ebola date: 2019-06-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-018364-b06084r1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-018364-b06084r1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-018364-b06084r1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-035163-tqh5wv12 author: Ijaz, M. Khalid title: Combating SARS-CoV-2: leveraging microbicidal experiences with other emerging/re-emerging viruses date: 2020-09-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-035163-tqh5wv12.txt cache: ./cache/cord-035163-tqh5wv12.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-035163-tqh5wv12.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-102296-0zzy8fjf author: Hyde, E. title: Estimating the local spatio-temporal distribution of disease from routine health information systems: the case of malaria in rural Madagascar date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-102296-0zzy8fjf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-102296-0zzy8fjf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-102296-0zzy8fjf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-048477-ze511t38 author: Patel, Mahomed S. title: General Practice and Pandemic Influenza: A Framework for Planning and Comparison of Plans in Five Countries date: 2008-05-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-048477-ze511t38.txt cache: ./cache/cord-048477-ze511t38.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-048477-ze511t38.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258033-luk4cme2 author: Delamater, Alan M title: Introduction to the special series: translating behavioral medicine research to prevent and control the spread of COVID-19 date: 2020-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258033-luk4cme2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258033-luk4cme2.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-258033-luk4cme2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256808-lxlerb13 author: Lim, W.S title: Hospital management of adults with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) if SARS re-emerges—updated 10 February 2004 date: 2004-06-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256808-lxlerb13.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256808-lxlerb13.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-256808-lxlerb13.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-121285-4ni1vv4l author: Zhang, Han title: How Does COVID-19 impact Students with Disabilities/Health Concerns? date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-121285-4ni1vv4l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-121285-4ni1vv4l.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-121285-4ni1vv4l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-027859-citynr6c author: P. Shetty, Nandini title: Epidemiology of Disease in the Tropics date: 2020-06-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-027859-citynr6c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-027859-citynr6c.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-027859-citynr6c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259121-l02ro31v author: Tsai, Alexander C title: US elections: treating the acute-on-chronic decompensation date: 2020-09-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259121-l02ro31v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259121-l02ro31v.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-259121-l02ro31v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257069-fs2fkidt author: Griffiths, D. title: The impact of work loss on mental and physical health during the COVID-19 pandemic: Findings from a prospective cohort study date: 2020-09-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257069-fs2fkidt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257069-fs2fkidt.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-257069-fs2fkidt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254559-3kgfwjzd author: Neo, Jacqueline Pei Shan title: The use of animals as a surveillance tool for monitoring environmental health hazards, human health hazards and bioterrorism date: 2017-05-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254559-3kgfwjzd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254559-3kgfwjzd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-254559-3kgfwjzd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257821-y3fhubnc author: Maeshiro, Rika title: Public Health Is Essential: COVID-19’s Learnable Moment for Medical Education date: 2020-05-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257821-y3fhubnc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257821-y3fhubnc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-257821-y3fhubnc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257622-m6j0us2e author: Herman, Joanna title: Advising the traveller date: 2017-12-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257622-m6j0us2e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257622-m6j0us2e.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-257622-m6j0us2e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-033736-bsmqqi6j author: Bajraktari, Saranda title: Health-promoting and preventive interventions for community-dwelling older people published from inception to 2019: a scoping review to guide decision making in a Swedish municipality context date: 2020-10-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-033736-bsmqqi6j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-033736-bsmqqi6j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-033736-bsmqqi6j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259624-alor7ymh author: Brooks, Bryan W. title: Toxicology Advances for 21st Century Chemical Pollution date: 2020-04-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259624-alor7ymh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259624-alor7ymh.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-259624-alor7ymh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258933-f1i3ufs7 author: Aith, Fernando title: Is COVID-19 a turning point for the health workforce? date: 2020-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258933-f1i3ufs7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258933-f1i3ufs7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-258933-f1i3ufs7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-030922-l7xuu9a5 author: Bergström, Anna title: The use of the PARIHS framework in implementation research and practice—a citation analysis of the literature date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-030922-l7xuu9a5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-030922-l7xuu9a5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-030922-l7xuu9a5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257158-obskf44d author: Assefa, K. T. title: The impact of COVID-19 infection on maternal and reproductive health care services in governmental health institutions of Dessie town, North-East Ethiopia, 2020 G.C. date: 2020-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257158-obskf44d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257158-obskf44d.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-257158-obskf44d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259907-yqmi0cqy author: Maxwell, Cynthia title: Management guidelines for obstetric patients and neonates born to mothers with suspected or probable severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) No. 225, April 2009 date: 2009-10-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259907-yqmi0cqy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259907-yqmi0cqy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-259907-yqmi0cqy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256635-zz58w3ro author: Beermann, Sandra title: Public health microbiology in Germany: 20 years of national reference centers and consultant laboratories date: 2015-08-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256635-zz58w3ro.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256635-zz58w3ro.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-256635-zz58w3ro.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259727-u2zj7zf6 author: Wallar, L. E. title: Development of a tiered framework for public health capacity in Canada date: 2016-07-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259727-u2zj7zf6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259727-u2zj7zf6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-259727-u2zj7zf6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256537-axbyav1m author: Kimball, Ann Marie title: Emergence of Novel Human Infections: New Insights and New Challenges date: 2016-10-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256537-axbyav1m.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256537-axbyav1m.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-256537-axbyav1m.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256636-z14anp3h author: Muennig, Peter title: Determining the Optimal Outcome Measures for Studying the Social Determinants of Health date: 2020-04-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256636-z14anp3h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256636-z14anp3h.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-256636-z14anp3h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259960-gejo9xdb author: Tekeli-Yesil, Sidika title: A Neglected Issue in Hospital Emergency and Disaster Planning: Non-standard Employment in Hospitals date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259960-gejo9xdb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259960-gejo9xdb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-259960-gejo9xdb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256408-bf79lj4f author: Jayasinghe, Saroj title: Social determinants of health inequalities: towards a theoretical perspective using systems science date: 2015-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256408-bf79lj4f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256408-bf79lj4f.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-256408-bf79lj4f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258818-ys3ezzzz author: Galea, Sandro title: Understanding the Covid-19 pandemic through the lens of population health science date: 2020-07-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258818-ys3ezzzz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258818-ys3ezzzz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-258818-ys3ezzzz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257571-4ujw0mn1 author: Price, Alex title: Assessing Continuous Quality Improvement in Public Health: Adapting Lessons from Healthcare date: 2017-02-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257571-4ujw0mn1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257571-4ujw0mn1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-257571-4ujw0mn1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-251962-xeue441p author: Armour, Cherie title: The COVID-19 Psychological Wellbeing Study: Understanding the Longitudinal Psychosocial Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the UK; a Methodological Overview Paper date: 2020-11-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-251962-xeue441p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-251962-xeue441p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-251962-xeue441p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261123-emdlh9d9 author: Mazet, Jonna A. K. title: A “One Health” Approach to Address Emerging Zoonoses: The HALI Project in Tanzania date: 2009-12-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261123-emdlh9d9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261123-emdlh9d9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-261123-emdlh9d9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261923-g8r6xi2t author: McKee, Martin title: Learning from success: how has Hungary responded to the COVID pandemic? date: 2020-07-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261923-g8r6xi2t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261923-g8r6xi2t.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-261923-g8r6xi2t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257717-fbfe5vt4 author: Wallis, Christopher J.D. title: The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Genitourinary Cancer Care: Re-envisioning the Future date: 2020-09-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257717-fbfe5vt4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257717-fbfe5vt4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-257717-fbfe5vt4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261166-ua1qps0r author: Golechha, Mahaveer title: COVID-19, India, lockdown and psychosocial challenges: What next? date: 2020-06-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261166-ua1qps0r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261166-ua1qps0r.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-261166-ua1qps0r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258229-l716wjwn author: Fiorillo, Andrea title: Effects of the lockdown on the mental health of the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy: Results from the COMET collaborative network date: 2020-09-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258229-l716wjwn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258229-l716wjwn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 10 resourceName b'cord-258229-l716wjwn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260407-jf1dnllj author: Tang, Catherine So-kum title: Factors influencing the wearing of facemasks to prevent the severe acute respiratory syndrome among adult Chinese in Hong Kong date: 2004-06-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260407-jf1dnllj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260407-jf1dnllj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-260407-jf1dnllj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261218-tgbw81ua author: Vardoulakis, Sotiris title: Urban Environmental Health Interventions towards the Sustainable Development Goals date: 2020-08-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261218-tgbw81ua.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261218-tgbw81ua.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-261218-tgbw81ua.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263719-a9mnjr3s author: Lee, A. title: Wuhan novel coronavirus (COVID-19): why global control is challenging? date: 2020-02-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263719-a9mnjr3s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263719-a9mnjr3s.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-263719-a9mnjr3s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252771-6kwfulqe author: Yue, Jing-Li title: Mental health services for infectious disease outbreaks including COVID-19: a rapid systematic review date: 2020-11-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252771-6kwfulqe.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252771-6kwfulqe.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-252771-6kwfulqe.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259426-qbolo3k3 author: Tadesse, Trhas title: Predictors of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Prevention Practices Using Health Belief Model Among Employees in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020 date: 2020-10-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259426-qbolo3k3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259426-qbolo3k3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-259426-qbolo3k3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-249166-0w0t631x author: Booss-Bavnbek, Bernhelm title: Dynamics and Control of Covid-19: Comments by Two Mathematicians date: 2020-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-249166-0w0t631x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-249166-0w0t631x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-249166-0w0t631x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258316-uiusqr59 author: Spil, Ton A.M. title: Are serious games too serious? Diffusion of wearable technologies and the creation of a diffusion of serious games model date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258316-uiusqr59.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258316-uiusqr59.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-258316-uiusqr59.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262431-0cragfka author: Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. title: Revisiting child and adolescent health in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals date: 2020-10-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262431-0cragfka.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262431-0cragfka.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-262431-0cragfka.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261595-c69vfs8q author: Allegranzi, Benedetta title: Religion and culture: Potential undercurrents influencing hand hygiene promotion in health care date: 2008-10-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261595-c69vfs8q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261595-c69vfs8q.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-261595-c69vfs8q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261907-y60yra4r author: Richardson, E. T. title: Reparations for Black American Descendants of Persons Enslaved in the U.S. and Their Estimated Impact on SARS-CoV-2 Transmission date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261907-y60yra4r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261907-y60yra4r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-261907-y60yra4r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256041-k4y6t0i5 author: Gómez-Salgado, Juan title: Related Health Factors of Psychological Distress During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain date: 2020-06-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256041-k4y6t0i5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256041-k4y6t0i5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-256041-k4y6t0i5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258842-vuxzv6eu author: Bennett, B. title: Legal rights during pandemics: Federalism, rights and public health laws – a view from Australia date: 2009-02-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258842-vuxzv6eu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258842-vuxzv6eu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-258842-vuxzv6eu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252902-qtfx49qp author: Scott, Jodie title: Creating Healthy Change in the Preconception Period for Women with Overweight or Obesity: A Qualitative Study Using the Information–Motivation–Behavioural Skills Model date: 2020-10-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252902-qtfx49qp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252902-qtfx49qp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-252902-qtfx49qp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258792-4lakgpxp author: Yoon, Sung‐Won title: Sovereign Dignity, Nationalism and the Health of a Nation: A Study of China's Response in Combat of Epidemics date: 2008-04-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258792-4lakgpxp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258792-4lakgpxp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-258792-4lakgpxp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262613-abvtl0ov author: Imtiyaz, Bushra S title: Telemedical education during national emergencies: learning from Kashmir date: 2020-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262613-abvtl0ov.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262613-abvtl0ov.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-262613-abvtl0ov.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260518-mswb3q67 author: Zumla, Alimuddin title: Taking forward a ‘One Health’ approach for turning the tide against the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus and other zoonotic pathogens with epidemic potential date: 2016-06-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260518-mswb3q67.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260518-mswb3q67.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-260518-mswb3q67.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258570-3n7jp0l0 author: Baatiema, Leonard title: Community health workers in Ghana: the need for greater policy attention date: 2016-12-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258570-3n7jp0l0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258570-3n7jp0l0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-258570-3n7jp0l0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260629-ml1qjipn author: Kopelovich, Sarah L. title: Community Mental Health Care Delivery During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Practical Strategies for Improving Care for People with Serious Mental Illness date: 2020-06-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260629-ml1qjipn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260629-ml1qjipn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-260629-ml1qjipn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255360-yjn24sja author: O'Connor, Daryl B. title: Research priorities for the COVID‐19 pandemic and beyond: A call to action for psychological science date: 2020-07-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255360-yjn24sja.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255360-yjn24sja.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-255360-yjn24sja.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262588-pogd199p author: Stabile, Bonnie title: The Persisting Importance of Rhetoric and Equity in Health Policy and Outcomes date: 2020-06-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262588-pogd199p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262588-pogd199p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-262588-pogd199p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261011-bcyotwkf author: Alkire, Sabina title: Global health and moral values date: 2004-09-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261011-bcyotwkf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261011-bcyotwkf.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-261011-bcyotwkf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259924-a14svuwu author: Kavčič, Tina title: Psychological Functioning of Slovene Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Does Resilience Matter? date: 2020-06-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259924-a14svuwu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259924-a14svuwu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-259924-a14svuwu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264233-0nyzwb44 author: Das, Nileswar title: Pandemic, panic, and psychiatrists - what should be done before, during, and after COVID-19? date: 2020-06-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264233-0nyzwb44.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264233-0nyzwb44.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-264233-0nyzwb44.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262190-velir6gb author: Hickey, Jason title: Pandemic preparedness: perceptions of vulnerable migrants in Thailand towards WHO-recommended non-pharmaceutical interventions: a cross-sectional study date: 2014-06-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262190-velir6gb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262190-velir6gb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-262190-velir6gb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262544-6q8eg9z4 author: Keller, Mikaela title: Use of Unstructured Event-Based Reports for Global Infectious Disease Surveillance date: 2009-05-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262544-6q8eg9z4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262544-6q8eg9z4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-262544-6q8eg9z4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261558-szll3znw author: Serrano-Ripoll, M. J. title: Effect of a Mobile-based Intervention on Mental Health in Frontline Healthcare Workers Against COVID-19: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial date: 2020-11-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261558-szll3znw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261558-szll3znw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-261558-szll3znw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-193856-6vs16mq3 author: Zhou, Tongxin title: Spoiled for Choice? Personalized Recommendation for Healthcare Decisions: A Multi-Armed Bandit Approach date: 2020-09-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-193856-6vs16mq3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-193856-6vs16mq3.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-193856-6vs16mq3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-265370-mhy4nu7e author: KINI, GANESH title: All’s not well with the “worried well”: understanding health anxiety due to COVID-19 date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-265370-mhy4nu7e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-265370-mhy4nu7e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-265370-mhy4nu7e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261524-nqukwoqz author: Al-Mohaithef, Mohammed title: Evaluation of Public Health Education and Workforce Needs in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia date: 2020-03-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261524-nqukwoqz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261524-nqukwoqz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-261524-nqukwoqz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261695-2zg3j4x8 author: Boufkhed, Sabah title: Preparedness of African palliative care services to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic: A rapid assessment date: 2020-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261695-2zg3j4x8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261695-2zg3j4x8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-261695-2zg3j4x8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264187-5gy4nkhb author: Fielding, Jonathan E. title: Public Health in Big Cities: Looking Back, Looking Forward date: 2014-11-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264187-5gy4nkhb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264187-5gy4nkhb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-264187-5gy4nkhb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266974-yrc5qnmr author: Akbulut, Nurcan title: ASPHER statement on racism and health: racism and discrimination obstruct public health’s pursuit of health equity date: 2020-07-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266974-yrc5qnmr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266974-yrc5qnmr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-266974-yrc5qnmr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262876-civfvk45 author: Su, Tong title: Knowledge Levels and Training Needs of Disaster Medicine among Health Professionals, Medical Students, and Local Residents in Shanghai, China date: 2013-06-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262876-civfvk45.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262876-civfvk45.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-262876-civfvk45.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261957-18uhpkhr author: Ray, Kristin N title: Rapid-cycle community assessment of health-related social needs of children and families during COVID-19 date: 2020-10-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261957-18uhpkhr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261957-18uhpkhr.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-261957-18uhpkhr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260985-ria9v2p6 author: McDarby, Geraldine title: The global pool of simulation exercise materials in health emergency preparedness and response: a scoping review with a health system perspective date: 2019-07-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260985-ria9v2p6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260985-ria9v2p6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-260985-ria9v2p6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259809-7glw6pir author: Lloyd, Helen M. title: Supporting Innovative Person-Centred Care in Financially Constrained Environments: The WE CARE Exploratory Health Laboratory Evaluation Strategy date: 2020-04-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259809-7glw6pir.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259809-7glw6pir.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-259809-7glw6pir.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-265311-3lp5t9q8 author: Salman, M. D. title: The role of veterinary epidemiology in combating infectious animal diseases on a global scale: The impact of training and outreach programs date: 2009-12-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-265311-3lp5t9q8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-265311-3lp5t9q8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-265311-3lp5t9q8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256691-fn4bnnb9 author: Suyin Chalmin-Pui, Lauriane title: “It made me feel brighter in myself”- The health and well-being impacts of a residential front garden horticultural intervention date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256691-fn4bnnb9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256691-fn4bnnb9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-256691-fn4bnnb9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262567-gojbccmz author: Lee, Seung-Man title: Mediating Effect of Sports Participation on the Relationship between Health Perceptions and Health Promoting Behavior in Adolescents date: 2020-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262567-gojbccmz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262567-gojbccmz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-262567-gojbccmz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-265424-vbn3vwnn author: Mansoor, Marium title: Integrating mental health in COVID-19 crisis: staff mental health referral pathway date: 2020-07-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-265424-vbn3vwnn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-265424-vbn3vwnn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-265424-vbn3vwnn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262428-erlmyzwn author: CABARKAPA, Sonja title: The psychological impact of COVID-19 and other viral epidemics on frontline healthcare workers and ways to address it: A rapid systematic review date: 2020-09-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262428-erlmyzwn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262428-erlmyzwn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-262428-erlmyzwn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268799-obeinwyq author: Horton, Richard title: Canada 2010: what should global health expect? date: 2009-09-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268799-obeinwyq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268799-obeinwyq.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-268799-obeinwyq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261938-ls363vud author: Khan, Farah title: Refugee and Migrant Children’s Mental Healthcare: Serving the Voiceless, Invisible, and the Vulnerable Global Citizens date: 2020-08-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261938-ls363vud.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261938-ls363vud.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-261938-ls363vud.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264974-hspek930 author: Timmis, Kenneth title: The COVID‐19 pandemic: some lessons learned about crisis preparedness and management, and the need for international benchmarking to reduce deficits date: 2020-05-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264974-hspek930.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264974-hspek930.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-264974-hspek930.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262205-ax3i3d7f author: Karampourian, Arezou title: Exploring challenges of health system preparedness for communicable diseases in Arbaeen mass gathering: a qualitative study date: 2018-09-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262205-ax3i3d7f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262205-ax3i3d7f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-262205-ax3i3d7f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267061-e3jttmab author: Sharma, D.C. title: Fighting infodemic: Need for robust health journalism in India date: 2020-07-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267061-e3jttmab.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267061-e3jttmab.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-267061-e3jttmab.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270472-tufbqesg author: Amon, Joseph J title: Human rights protections are needed alongside PPE for health-care workers responding to COVID-19 date: 2020-05-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270472-tufbqesg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270472-tufbqesg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-270472-tufbqesg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-265328-83p3sjja author: Limcaoco, R. S. G. title: Anxiety, worry and perceived stress in the world due to the COVID-19 pandemic, March 2020. Preliminary results. date: 2020-04-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-265328-83p3sjja.txt cache: ./cache/cord-265328-83p3sjja.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-265328-83p3sjja.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266225-mqbud21t author: Tambo, Ernest title: Can free open access resources strengthen knowledge-based emerging public health priorities, policies and programs in Africa? date: 2016-05-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266225-mqbud21t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266225-mqbud21t.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-266225-mqbud21t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268040-6i0bmnee author: Dean, Elizabeth title: Translating COVID-19 Evidence to Maximize Physical Therapists’ Impact and Public Health Response date: 2020-06-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268040-6i0bmnee.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268040-6i0bmnee.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-268040-6i0bmnee.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266501-7jkzbmsf author: Ying, Wang title: Drugs supply and pharmaceutical care management practices at a designated hospital during the COVID-19 epidemic date: 2020-04-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266501-7jkzbmsf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266501-7jkzbmsf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-266501-7jkzbmsf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263391-18x4ann5 author: Harvey, Ruth title: Comparison of Serologic Assays for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus date: 2019-10-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263391-18x4ann5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263391-18x4ann5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-263391-18x4ann5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266667-6isk8jgj author: Fix, Gemmae M. title: Health care workers’ perceptions and reported use of respiratory protective equipment: A qualitative analysis date: 2019-06-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266667-6isk8jgj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266667-6isk8jgj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-266667-6isk8jgj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262927-mehijkzo author: Guo, Shuaijun title: Moving Health Literacy Research and Practice towards a Vision of Equity, Precision and Transparency date: 2020-10-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262927-mehijkzo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262927-mehijkzo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-262927-mehijkzo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260565-cdthfl5f author: Burkle, Frederick M. title: Declining Public Health Protections within Autocratic Regimes: Impact on Global Public Health Security, Infectious Disease Outbreaks, Epidemics, and Pandemics date: 2020-04-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260565-cdthfl5f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260565-cdthfl5f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-260565-cdthfl5f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263659-9i5qws5h author: Zhao, Y. title: Basic public health services delivered in an urban community: a qualitative study date: 2010-12-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263659-9i5qws5h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263659-9i5qws5h.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-263659-9i5qws5h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269245-bp4q4plt author: Zhang, Yuan title: Status and influential factors of anxiety depression and insomnia symptoms in the work resumption period of COVID-19 epidemic: A multicenter cross-sectional study date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269245-bp4q4plt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269245-bp4q4plt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-269245-bp4q4plt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268887-ewf5xhqi author: Kerry, Vanessa B. title: Leveraging Opportunities for Critical Care in Resource-Limited Settings date: 2014-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268887-ewf5xhqi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268887-ewf5xhqi.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-268887-ewf5xhqi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270113-cdqhs4bg author: Sharma, Vinita title: Risk and Protective Factors for Adolescent and Young Adult Mental Health Within the Context of COVID-19: A Perspective From Nepal date: 2020-05-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270113-cdqhs4bg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270113-cdqhs4bg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-270113-cdqhs4bg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267299-z7ondg3r author: Jacobsen, Kathryn H. title: Curricular Models and Learning Objectives for Undergraduate Minors in Global Health date: 2020-08-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267299-z7ondg3r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267299-z7ondg3r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-267299-z7ondg3r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268331-m4hqxna2 author: Beck, Teresa L. title: Medical Care for Undocumented Immigrants: National and International Issues date: 2018-11-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268331-m4hqxna2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268331-m4hqxna2.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-268331-m4hqxna2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267485-1fu1blu0 author: Lazarus, Ross title: Distributed data processing for public health surveillance date: 2006-09-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267485-1fu1blu0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267485-1fu1blu0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-267485-1fu1blu0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266051-my2wj1uu author: Sheridan Rains, Luke title: Early impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health care and on people with mental health conditions: framework synthesis of international experiences and responses date: 2020-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266051-my2wj1uu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266051-my2wj1uu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-266051-my2wj1uu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-022506-fkddo12n author: Griffin, Brenda title: Population Wellness: Keeping Cats Physically and Behaviorally Healthy date: 2011-12-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-022506-fkddo12n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-022506-fkddo12n.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-022506-fkddo12n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268279-umlqh0q4 author: Wenham, Clare title: Cuba y seguridad sanitaria mundial: Cuba’s role in global health security date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268279-umlqh0q4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268279-umlqh0q4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-268279-umlqh0q4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272498-s58l65s4 author: Moyer, Jeff title: A time of reflection: a time for change date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272498-s58l65s4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272498-s58l65s4.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-272498-s58l65s4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269770-7hau5yge author: MacIntyre, C. Raina title: Respiratory protection for healthcare workers treating Ebola virus disease (EVD): Are facemasks sufficient to meet occupational health and safety obligations? date: 2014-09-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269770-7hau5yge.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269770-7hau5yge.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-269770-7hau5yge.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267978-05hxrpi1 author: Nuzzo, Jennifer B. title: What makes health systems resilient against infectious disease outbreaks and natural hazards? Results from a scoping review date: 2019-10-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267978-05hxrpi1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267978-05hxrpi1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-267978-05hxrpi1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-023713-daz2vokz author: Devereux, Graham title: Epidemiology of Asthma and Allergic Airway Diseases date: 2013-09-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-023713-daz2vokz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-023713-daz2vokz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-023713-daz2vokz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271249-f634kpug author: Ripp, Jonathan title: Attending to the Emotional Well-Being of the Health Care Workforce in a New York City Health System During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271249-f634kpug.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271249-f634kpug.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-271249-f634kpug.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263667-5g51n27e author: Steele, James Harlan title: Veterinary public health: Past success, new opportunities date: 2008-09-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263667-5g51n27e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263667-5g51n27e.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-263667-5g51n27e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272965-l0d7rgt0 author: Turcotte-Tremblay, Anne-Marie title: Global health is more than just ‘Public Health Somewhere Else’ date: 2020-05-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272965-l0d7rgt0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272965-l0d7rgt0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-272965-l0d7rgt0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274570-dcewfkmi author: Zhang, Xiao-Bo title: Response to children’s physical and mental needs during the COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-05-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274570-dcewfkmi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274570-dcewfkmi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-274570-dcewfkmi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269575-hdqa12es author: Wei, B. title: Bridging the gap between education and practice in public health, with particular reference to less-developed provinces in China date: 2010-12-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269575-hdqa12es.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269575-hdqa12es.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-269575-hdqa12es.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264749-m1awr1rm author: Saad, Julian M. title: A philosophy of health: life as reality, health as a universal value date: 2020-03-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264749-m1awr1rm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264749-m1awr1rm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-264749-m1awr1rm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271115-3nhbzybq author: Liu, Jianghong title: Policy brief on climate change and mental health/well-being date: 2020-09-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271115-3nhbzybq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271115-3nhbzybq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-271115-3nhbzybq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268324-86a0n0dc author: Charitos, Ioannis A title: Special features of SARS-CoV-2 in daily practice date: 2020-09-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268324-86a0n0dc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268324-86a0n0dc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-268324-86a0n0dc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272843-fis10xbi author: Chowdhury, Rajiv title: Cardiometabolic Health: Key in Reducing Adverse COVID-19 Outcomes date: 2020-08-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272843-fis10xbi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272843-fis10xbi.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-272843-fis10xbi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267188-1ldynibm author: Woldehanna, Sara title: An expanded One Health model: Integrating social science and One Health to inform study of the human-animal interface date: 2014-11-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267188-1ldynibm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267188-1ldynibm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-267188-1ldynibm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271892-cadjzw9h author: Ario, Alex Riolexus title: Uganda public health fellowship program’s contribution to building a resilient and sustainable public health system in Uganda date: 2019-05-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271892-cadjzw9h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271892-cadjzw9h.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-271892-cadjzw9h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269467-8opv4t7p author: Caraccio, Chiara title: No protocol and no liability: a call for COVID crisis guidelines that protect vulnerable populations date: 2020-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269467-8opv4t7p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269467-8opv4t7p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-269467-8opv4t7p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275801-cjxuvyh9 author: Sylvestre, Emmanuelle title: Health Informatics Support for Outbreak Management: how to respond without an Electronic Health Record? date: 2020-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275801-cjxuvyh9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275801-cjxuvyh9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-275801-cjxuvyh9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269362-pne9qolr author: Yassi, Annalee title: Collaboration between infection control and occupational health in three continents: a success story with international impact date: 2011-11-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269362-pne9qolr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269362-pne9qolr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-269362-pne9qolr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270969-zb6ih5dl author: Chongsuvivatwong, Virasakdi title: Health and health-care systems in southeast Asia: diversity and transitions date: 2011-01-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270969-zb6ih5dl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270969-zb6ih5dl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-270969-zb6ih5dl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-024981-yfuuirnw author: Severin, Paul N. title: Types of Disasters date: 2020-05-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-024981-yfuuirnw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-024981-yfuuirnw.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-024981-yfuuirnw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275660-zdw50gt2 author: Mao, Kang title: The potential of an integrated biosensor system with mobile health and wastewater-based epidemiology (iBMW) for the prevention, surveillance, monitoring and intervention of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275660-zdw50gt2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275660-zdw50gt2.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-275660-zdw50gt2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271975-iygxrlxg author: Maher, Paul J. title: Mapping public health responses with attitude networks: the emergence of opinion‐based groups in the UK’s early COVID‐19 response phase date: 2020-07-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271975-iygxrlxg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271975-iygxrlxg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-271975-iygxrlxg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271887-blwrpf38 author: Sampa, Masuda Begum title: Redesigning Portable Health Clinic Platform as a Remote Healthcare System to Tackle COVID-19 Pandemic Situation in Unreached Communities date: 2020-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271887-blwrpf38.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271887-blwrpf38.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-271887-blwrpf38.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273785-mxehiuq1 author: Soofi, Moslem title: Using Insights from Behavioral Economics to Mitigate the Spread of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273785-mxehiuq1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273785-mxehiuq1.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-273785-mxehiuq1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272001-er7lvhn5 author: Farewell, Charlotte V. title: A Mixed-Methods Pilot Study of Perinatal Risk and Resilience During COVID-19 date: 2020-07-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272001-er7lvhn5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272001-er7lvhn5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-272001-er7lvhn5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271765-altqn10l author: Fernández-Díaz, Elena title: Exploring WHO Communication during the COVID 19 Pandemic through the WHO Website Based on W3C Guidelines: Accessible for All? date: 2020-08-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271765-altqn10l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271765-altqn10l.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-271765-altqn10l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269402-xzgfwu8a author: Kamin-Friedman, Shelly title: Would it be legally justified to impose vaccination in Israel? Examining the issue in light of the 2013 detection of polio in Israeli sewage date: 2017-10-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269402-xzgfwu8a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269402-xzgfwu8a.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-269402-xzgfwu8a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270970-9gtnsyts author: Wolf, Michael S. title: Awareness, Attitudes, and Actions Related to COVID-19 Among Adults With Chronic Conditions at the Onset of the U.S. Outbreak: A Cross-sectional Survey date: 2020-04-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270970-9gtnsyts.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270970-9gtnsyts.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-270970-9gtnsyts.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273036-nrc35akc author: Zou, Xiaojing title: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II Score as a Predictor of Hospital Mortality in Patients of Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273036-nrc35akc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273036-nrc35akc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-273036-nrc35akc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270910-xb746mv5 author: Lebrun-Harris, Lydie A. title: Influenza vaccination among U.S. pediatric patients receiving care from federally funded health centers date: 2020-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270910-xb746mv5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270910-xb746mv5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-270910-xb746mv5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274163-yxl9a9u7 author: Yadav, Uday Narayan title: A Syndemic Perspective on the Management of Non-communicable Diseases Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic in Low- and Middle-Income Countries date: 2020-09-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274163-yxl9a9u7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274163-yxl9a9u7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-274163-yxl9a9u7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271898-cct702cv author: Duplaga, Mariusz title: The Acceptance of Key Public Health Interventions by the Polish Population Is Related to Health Literacy, But Not eHealth Literacy date: 2020-07-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271898-cct702cv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271898-cct702cv.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-271898-cct702cv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275806-tt7dvhbd author: Liem, Andrian title: The neglected health of international migrant workers in the COVID-19 epidemic date: 2020-04-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275806-tt7dvhbd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275806-tt7dvhbd.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-275806-tt7dvhbd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-268712-rxdw553c author: Sawyer, Alexandra title: Posttraumatic growth and adjustment among individuals with cancer or HIV/AIDS: A meta-analysis date: 2010-03-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-268712-rxdw553c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-268712-rxdw553c.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-268712-rxdw553c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276445-m5vjo3ym author: Lee, Hyojung title: Recrudescence of Ebola virus disease outbreak in West Africa, 2014–2016 date: 2017-09-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276445-m5vjo3ym.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276445-m5vjo3ym.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-276445-m5vjo3ym.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276150-hp174yft author: Basnet, Sangita title: COVID-19 Containment Efforts of a Low-Resource Nation: The First Four Months in Nepal date: 2020-07-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276150-hp174yft.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276150-hp174yft.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-276150-hp174yft.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271392-u6vme2c8 author: Eussen, Björn G.M. title: Stimulating collaboration between human and veterinary health care professionals date: 2017-06-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271392-u6vme2c8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271392-u6vme2c8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-271392-u6vme2c8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276007-fu04n9p3 author: Séroussi, Brigitte title: Transparency of Health Informatics Processes as the Condition of Healthcare Professionals’ and Patients’ Trust and Adoption: the Rise of Ethical Requirements date: 2020-08-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276007-fu04n9p3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276007-fu04n9p3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-276007-fu04n9p3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274580-h7sxkqw7 author: Cheng, Yang title: China's unique role in the field of global health date: 2019-11-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274580-h7sxkqw7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274580-h7sxkqw7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-274580-h7sxkqw7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273805-01b94ids author: Paul, Elisabeth title: An assessment of the core capacities of the Senegalese health system to deliver Universal Health Coverage date: 2020-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273805-01b94ids.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273805-01b94ids.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-273805-01b94ids.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274459-781by93r author: Khalifa, Shaden A. M. title: Comprehensive Overview on Multiple Strategies Fighting COVID-19 date: 2020-08-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274459-781by93r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274459-781by93r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-274459-781by93r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278459-27lppl6x author: Banjar, Weam M. title: Healthcare worker's mental health dilemma during COVID-19 pandemic: A reflection on the KSA experience date: 2020-07-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278459-27lppl6x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278459-27lppl6x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-278459-27lppl6x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271914-idvf47rs author: Umucu, Emre title: Pain intensity and mental health quality of life in veterans with mental illnesses: the intermediary role of physical health and the ability to participate in activities date: 2020-09-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271914-idvf47rs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271914-idvf47rs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-271914-idvf47rs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272311-91xjkv6m author: Martin, Anastasia title: A Rapid Systematic Review Exploring the Involvement of Medical Students in Pandemics and Other Global Health Emergencies date: 2020-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272311-91xjkv6m.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272311-91xjkv6m.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-272311-91xjkv6m.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274895-rw5keyos author: Tao, Wenjuan title: Towards universal health coverage: lessons from 10 years of healthcare reform in China date: 2020-03-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274895-rw5keyos.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274895-rw5keyos.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-274895-rw5keyos.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276439-5x59kfb3 author: Kieny, Marie Paule title: Strengthening health systems for universal health coverage and sustainable development date: 2017-07-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276439-5x59kfb3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276439-5x59kfb3.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-276439-5x59kfb3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271679-94h6rcih author: Sharififar, Simintaj title: Factors affecting hospital response in biological disasters: A qualitative study date: 2020-03-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271679-94h6rcih.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271679-94h6rcih.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-271679-94h6rcih.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269164-jdgzx1ss author: Machluf, Yossy title: Gender medicine: Lessons from COVID-19 and other medical conditions for designing health policy date: 2020-09-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269164-jdgzx1ss.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269164-jdgzx1ss.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-269164-jdgzx1ss.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279207-azh21npc author: Sharma, Manoj Kumar title: Mental Health Issues Mediate Social Media Use in Rumors: Implication for Media Based Mental Health Literacy date: 2020-05-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279207-azh21npc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279207-azh21npc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-279207-azh21npc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278533-3gpkb8nm author: Appireddy, Ramana title: Tackling the Burden of Neurological Diseases in Canada with Virtual Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278533-3gpkb8nm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278533-3gpkb8nm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-278533-3gpkb8nm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276934-6t91ao8e author: Byrne, Peter title: Placing poverty-inequality at the centre of psychiatry date: 2020-10-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276934-6t91ao8e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276934-6t91ao8e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-276934-6t91ao8e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279540-dmb416ls author: Edge, Chantal title: COVID-19: digital equivalence of health care in English prisons date: 2020-07-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279540-dmb416ls.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279540-dmb416ls.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-279540-dmb416ls.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263438-9ra94uda author: Snowden, Frank M. title: Emerging and reemerging diseases: a historical perspective date: 2008-09-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263438-9ra94uda.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263438-9ra94uda.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-263438-9ra94uda.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277246-24u9e4wr author: Thomas, James C. title: Codes of Ethics in Public Health date: 2016-10-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277246-24u9e4wr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277246-24u9e4wr.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-277246-24u9e4wr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279356-s3iigb0j author: Leones, Louis Mervyn B title: Caring for the carers: safeguarding oncologists’ mental health in the time of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279356-s3iigb0j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279356-s3iigb0j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-279356-s3iigb0j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275034-tq6tbhsn author: Hensel, D. J. title: Changes in Solo and Partnered Sexual Behaviors during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings from a U.S. Probability Survey date: 2020-06-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275034-tq6tbhsn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275034-tq6tbhsn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-275034-tq6tbhsn.txt' === file2bib.sh === Traceback (most recent call last): File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/indexes/base.py", line 2646, in get_loc return self._engine.get_loc(key) File "pandas/_libs/index.pyx", line 111, in pandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc File "pandas/_libs/index.pyx", line 138, in pandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc File "pandas/_libs/hashtable_class_helper.pxi", line 1619, in pandas._libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get_item File "pandas/_libs/hashtable_class_helper.pxi", line 1627, in pandas._libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get_item KeyError: 'cord-266738-8xx1xm2d' During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.py", line 64, in if ( bibliographics.loc[ escape ,'author'] ) : author = bibliographics.loc[ escape,'author'] File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/indexing.py", line 1762, in __getitem__ return self._getitem_tuple(key) File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/indexing.py", line 1272, in _getitem_tuple return self._getitem_lowerdim(tup) File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/indexing.py", line 1389, in _getitem_lowerdim section = self._getitem_axis(key, axis=i) File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/indexing.py", line 1965, in _getitem_axis return self._get_label(key, axis=axis) File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/indexing.py", line 625, in _get_label return self.obj._xs(label, axis=axis) File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/generic.py", line 3537, in xs loc = self.index.get_loc(key) File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/indexes/base.py", line 2648, in get_loc return self._engine.get_loc(self._maybe_cast_indexer(key)) File "pandas/_libs/index.pyx", line 111, in pandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc File "pandas/_libs/index.pyx", line 138, in pandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc File "pandas/_libs/hashtable_class_helper.pxi", line 1619, in pandas._libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get_item File "pandas/_libs/hashtable_class_helper.pxi", line 1627, in pandas._libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get_item KeyError: 'cord-266738-8xx1xm2d' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280663-p48teh4a author: Simms, A title: The impact of having inadequate safety equipment on mental health date: 2020-05-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280663-p48teh4a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280663-p48teh4a.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-280663-p48teh4a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274996-fk510s1v author: Babatunde, Gbotemi Bukola title: Stakeholders' perceptions of child and adolescent mental health services in a South African district: a qualitative study date: 2020-10-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274996-fk510s1v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274996-fk510s1v.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-274996-fk510s1v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272933-b2phq37e author: Alonso Tabares, Diego title: An airport operations proposal for a pandemic-free air travel date: 2020-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272933-b2phq37e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272933-b2phq37e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-272933-b2phq37e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279699-068kdv9y author: Yang, Kwangmo title: Big Technology and Data Privacy date: 2020-07-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279699-068kdv9y.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279699-068kdv9y.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-279699-068kdv9y.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 17189 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 16287 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 17190 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 16244 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276855-j10tvmvd author: Batsukh, Zayat title: One Health in Mongolia date: 2012-10-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276855-j10tvmvd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276855-j10tvmvd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-276855-j10tvmvd.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 16788 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 15965 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281571-vob1bu9c author: Tam, Theresa W.S title: The Canadian Pandemic Influenza Plan: an evolution to the approach for national communicable disease emergencies date: 2004-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281571-vob1bu9c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281571-vob1bu9c.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-281571-vob1bu9c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271867-n563yqw4 author: Falicov, Celia title: Expanding Possibilities: Flexibility and Solidarity with Under Resourced Immigrant Families During the Covid‐19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271867-n563yqw4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271867-n563yqw4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-271867-n563yqw4.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 17700 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 17001 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 18776 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 17429 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281596-iv4al4l0 author: Dow, Alan W. title: Emerging From the COVID Crisis With a Stronger Health Care Workforce date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281596-iv4al4l0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281596-iv4al4l0.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-281596-iv4al4l0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281957-1p54k8it author: Kaplan, Bruce title: 'ONE HEALTH' and parasitology date: 2009-08-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281957-1p54k8it.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281957-1p54k8it.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-281957-1p54k8it.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 18378 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 19552 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276428-oy8e2cpx author: Krishnan, Lakshmi title: Historical Insights on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), the 1918 Influenza Pandemic, and Racial Disparities: Illuminating a Path Forward date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276428-oy8e2cpx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276428-oy8e2cpx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-276428-oy8e2cpx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272998-jx4xpbjl author: Alsan, Marcella title: The effect of population health on foreign direct investment inflows to low- and middle-income countries date: 2006-02-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272998-jx4xpbjl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272998-jx4xpbjl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-272998-jx4xpbjl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-275056-nl4rhvlu author: Turner, Cameron title: The ALPHA Project: An architecture for leveraging public health applications date: 2005-12-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-275056-nl4rhvlu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-275056-nl4rhvlu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-275056-nl4rhvlu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278589-ios3cuxc author: Golinelli, D. title: How the COVID-19 pandemic is favoring the adoption of digital technologies in healthcare: a rapid literature review date: 2020-05-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278589-ios3cuxc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278589-ios3cuxc.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-278589-ios3cuxc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282234-yzozbf7p author: Edelstein, Burton L. title: Disruptive innovations in dentistry date: 2020-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282234-yzozbf7p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282234-yzozbf7p.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-282234-yzozbf7p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271330-9mk5c268 author: Storr, Julie title: Core components for effective infection prevention and control programmes: new WHO evidence-based recommendations date: 2017-01-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271330-9mk5c268.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271330-9mk5c268.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-271330-9mk5c268.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252691-757mh2mh author: Pratt, R. J. title: epic2: National Evidence-Based Guidelines for Preventing Healthcare-Associated Infections in NHS Hospitals in England date: 2007-02-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252691-757mh2mh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252691-757mh2mh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-252691-757mh2mh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283259-cmim32lx author: Thombs, Brett D. title: Curating evidence on mental health during COVID-19: A living systematic review date: 2020-04-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283259-cmim32lx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283259-cmim32lx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-283259-cmim32lx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278423-tluo3ztc author: Strozza, Cosmo title: Health profiles and socioeconomic characteristics of nonagenarians residing in Mugello, a rural area in Tuscany (Italy) date: 2020-08-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278423-tluo3ztc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278423-tluo3ztc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-278423-tluo3ztc.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 19981 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278672-pxzsntfg author: Milenkovic, Aleksandar title: Extensions and Adaptations of Existing Medical Information System in Order to Reduce Social Contacts During COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278672-pxzsntfg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278672-pxzsntfg.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-278672-pxzsntfg.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 20546 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 20763 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 23334 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279329-4io0g62p author: Wang, Yun-Ping title: The year 2020, a milestone in breaking the vicious cycle of poverty and illness in China date: 2020-01-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279329-4io0g62p.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279329-4io0g62p.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-279329-4io0g62p.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279991-w2aoogjj author: Labrague, Leodoro J. title: Fear of Covid‐19, psychological distress, work satisfaction and turnover intention among frontline nurses date: 2020-09-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279991-w2aoogjj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279991-w2aoogjj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-279991-w2aoogjj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282824-t0i7tf5d author: Musto, Richard title: Health services restructuring in Alberta and the 2009 pandemic influenza—An untimely concurrence date: 2020-03-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282824-t0i7tf5d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282824-t0i7tf5d.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-282824-t0i7tf5d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283177-qwinggg4 author: Viswanathan, Ramaswamy title: Support Groups and Individual Mental Health Care via Video Conferencing for Frontline Clinicians during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283177-qwinggg4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283177-qwinggg4.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-283177-qwinggg4.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 23324 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 22433 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 25123 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 24361 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277446-0e6akcjf author: Liu, Peilong title: China's distinctive engagement in global health date: 2014-08-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277446-0e6akcjf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277446-0e6akcjf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-277446-0e6akcjf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273918-knlc3bxh author: Holmes, Emily A title: Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: a call for action for mental health science date: 2020-04-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273918-knlc3bxh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273918-knlc3bxh.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-273918-knlc3bxh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279640-n391v32y author: Atreja, Ashish title: Opportunities and challenges in utilizing electronic health records for infection surveillance, prevention, and control date: 2008-03-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279640-n391v32y.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279640-n391v32y.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-279640-n391v32y.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 24381 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283392-hend9ale author: Klaus, Joachim title: Disinfection of aircraft: Appropriate disinfectants and standard operating procedures for highly infectious diseases date: 2016-10-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283392-hend9ale.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283392-hend9ale.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-283392-hend9ale.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283116-ib5c3lbi author: Koh, David title: Occupational health responses to COVID‐19: What lessons can we learn from SARS? date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283116-ib5c3lbi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283116-ib5c3lbi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-283116-ib5c3lbi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284636-oio2zsb0 author: Marko, Curkovic title: Stay home while going out – possible impacts of earthquake co-occurring with COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and vice versa date: 2020-04-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284636-oio2zsb0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284636-oio2zsb0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-284636-oio2zsb0.txt' === file2bib.sh === Traceback (most recent call last): File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/indexes/base.py", line 2646, in get_loc return self._engine.get_loc(key) File "pandas/_libs/index.pyx", line 111, in pandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc File "pandas/_libs/index.pyx", line 138, in pandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc File "pandas/_libs/hashtable_class_helper.pxi", line 1619, in pandas._libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get_item File "pandas/_libs/hashtable_class_helper.pxi", line 1627, in pandas._libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get_item KeyError: 'cord-324559-p92y5er2' During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.py", line 64, in if ( bibliographics.loc[ escape ,'author'] ) : author = bibliographics.loc[ escape,'author'] File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/indexing.py", line 1762, in __getitem__ return self._getitem_tuple(key) File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/indexing.py", line 1272, in _getitem_tuple return self._getitem_lowerdim(tup) File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/indexing.py", line 1389, in _getitem_lowerdim section = self._getitem_axis(key, axis=i) File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/indexing.py", line 1965, in _getitem_axis return self._get_label(key, axis=axis) File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/indexing.py", line 625, in _get_label return self.obj._xs(label, axis=axis) File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/generic.py", line 3537, in xs loc = self.index.get_loc(key) File "/data-disk/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/core/indexes/base.py", line 2648, in get_loc return self._engine.get_loc(self._maybe_cast_indexer(key)) File "pandas/_libs/index.pyx", line 111, in pandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc File "pandas/_libs/index.pyx", line 138, in pandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc File "pandas/_libs/hashtable_class_helper.pxi", line 1619, in pandas._libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get_item File "pandas/_libs/hashtable_class_helper.pxi", line 1627, in pandas._libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get_item KeyError: 'cord-324559-p92y5er2' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 25168 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 25242 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 25247 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281437-cb3u1s7s author: Bedford, Juliet title: A new twenty-first century science for effective epidemic response date: 2019-11-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281437-cb3u1s7s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281437-cb3u1s7s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-281437-cb3u1s7s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263261-xhem8l39 author: Tulchinsky, Theodore H. title: Bismarck and the Long Road to Universal Health Coverage date: 2018-03-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263261-xhem8l39.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263261-xhem8l39.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-263261-xhem8l39.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253182-s60vzf3q author: Fang, Evandro F. title: A research agenda for ageing in China in the 21st century (2nd edition): Focusing on basic and translational research, long-term care, policy and social networks date: 2020-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253182-s60vzf3q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253182-s60vzf3q.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-253182-s60vzf3q.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 27880 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 28716 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 29148 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 28339 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283475-28900qlr author: Yu, Wenzhou title: Vaccine-preventable disease control in the People’s Republic of China: 1949–2016 date: 2018-12-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283475-28900qlr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283475-28900qlr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-283475-28900qlr.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 31288 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 30770 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284017-1fz90e3k author: Henríquez, Josefa title: The first months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284017-1fz90e3k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284017-1fz90e3k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-284017-1fz90e3k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282147-oq30pax6 author: Morris, Chad D. title: Nicotine and Opioids: a Call for Co-treatment as the Standard of Care date: 2020-06-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282147-oq30pax6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282147-oq30pax6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-282147-oq30pax6.txt' parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 93. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276256-gmlsoo2z author: Avilés-Santa, M. Larissa title: Current State of Diabetes Mellitus Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control in Latin America: Challenges and Innovative Solutions to Improve Health Outcomes Across the Continent date: 2020-10-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276256-gmlsoo2z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276256-gmlsoo2z.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-276256-gmlsoo2z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281961-5mdiwzvc author: de las Heras-Pedrosa, Carlos title: Sentiment Analysis and Emotion Understanding during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain and Its Impact on Digital Ecosystems date: 2020-07-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281961-5mdiwzvc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281961-5mdiwzvc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-281961-5mdiwzvc.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 28195 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 29764 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 30805 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284125-35ghtmhu author: Chua, Kaw Bing title: Perspectives of public health laboratories in emerging infectious diseases date: 2013-06-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284125-35ghtmhu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284125-35ghtmhu.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-284125-35ghtmhu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285532-rknygv7u author: Fraser, Michael R. title: ASTHO at 75: Celebrating the Past and Preparing for the Future date: 2017-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285532-rknygv7u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285532-rknygv7u.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-285532-rknygv7u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288518-vsesv99h author: Weiss, Barry D. title: Disparities in Adherence to COVID-19 Public Health Recommendations date: 2020-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288518-vsesv99h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288518-vsesv99h.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-288518-vsesv99h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283398-wplz8o2k author: Sanders, Chris title: “You Need ID to Get ID”: A Scoping Review of Personal Identification as a Barrier to and Facilitator of the Social Determinants of Health in North America date: 2020-06-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283398-wplz8o2k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283398-wplz8o2k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-283398-wplz8o2k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288922-1lry9wkn author: Aamir, Alifiya title: Effect of COVID-19 on Mental Health Rehabilitation Centers date: 2020-10-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288922-1lry9wkn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288922-1lry9wkn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-288922-1lry9wkn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273045-ele1cz86 author: Johnson, Claire D. title: Response of Practicing Chiropractors during the Early Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Descriptive Report date: 2020-06-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273045-ele1cz86.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273045-ele1cz86.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-273045-ele1cz86.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284883-bkydu285 author: Luis Silva, L. title: Brazil Health Care System preparation against COVID-19 date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284883-bkydu285.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284883-bkydu285.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-284883-bkydu285.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282966-ew8lwmsn author: Haddow, George D. title: Communicating During a Public Health Crisis date: 2014-07-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282966-ew8lwmsn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282966-ew8lwmsn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-282966-ew8lwmsn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285379-ljg475sj author: Slotwiner, David J. title: Digital Health in Electrophysiology and the COVID-19 Global Pandemic date: 2020-10-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285379-ljg475sj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285379-ljg475sj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-285379-ljg475sj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286361-wh6aaqlu author: Calman, K. title: Beyond the ‘nanny state’: Stewardship and public health date: 2009-01-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286361-wh6aaqlu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286361-wh6aaqlu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-286361-wh6aaqlu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288068-egq3d0i9 author: Brown, Teneille R title: When The Wrong People Are Immune date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288068-egq3d0i9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288068-egq3d0i9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-288068-egq3d0i9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282724-zzkqb0u2 author: Moore, Jason H. title: Ideas for how informaticians can get involved with COVID-19 research date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282724-zzkqb0u2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282724-zzkqb0u2.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-282724-zzkqb0u2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290523-pqah68j8 author: Waite, Roberta title: Effects of COVID-19 on the Mental Health of Black and Brown Racialized Populations in the U.S date: 2020-10-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290523-pqah68j8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290523-pqah68j8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-290523-pqah68j8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284298-tcied4l5 author: Ojeahere, Margaret Isioma title: Management of psychiatric conditions and delirium during the COVID-19 pandemic across continents: The lessons thus far date: 2020-09-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284298-tcied4l5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284298-tcied4l5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-284298-tcied4l5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289175-n95j94ck author: GOSTIN, LAWRENCE O. title: Responding to COVID‐19: How to Navigate a Public Health Emergency Legally and Ethically date: 2020-03-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289175-n95j94ck.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289175-n95j94ck.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-289175-n95j94ck.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290171-hmzwhrpi author: Meade, Cathy D. title: 20 Years Later: Continued Relevance of Cancer, Culture, and Literacy in Cancer Education for Social Justice and Health Equity date: 2020-07-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290171-hmzwhrpi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290171-hmzwhrpi.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-290171-hmzwhrpi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-024088-020rgz5t author: Radandt, Siegfried title: Governance of Occupational Safety and Health and Environmental Risks date: 2008 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-024088-020rgz5t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-024088-020rgz5t.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-024088-020rgz5t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283287-073r80s7 author: Farhoudian, Ali title: COVID-19 and Substance Use Disorders: Recommendations to a Comprehensive Healthcare Response. An International Society of Addiction Medicine Practice and Policy Interest Group Position Paper date: 2020-04-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283287-073r80s7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283287-073r80s7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-283287-073r80s7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284519-cufyqv7h author: Singu, Sravani title: Impact of Social Determinants of Health on the Emerging COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States date: 2020-07-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284519-cufyqv7h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284519-cufyqv7h.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-284519-cufyqv7h.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 38183 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 38113 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 38335 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 94262 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279180-xad53zht author: Kumaravel, Santhosh Kumar title: Investigation on the impacts of COVID-19 quarantine on society and environment: Preventive measures and supportive technologies date: 2020-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279180-xad53zht.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279180-xad53zht.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-279180-xad53zht.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283824-c7y9zf7o author: Opitz, Sven title: Regulating epidemic space: the nomos of global circulation date: 2015-02-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283824-c7y9zf7o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283824-c7y9zf7o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-283824-c7y9zf7o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290901-bfho5w04 author: Figuié, Muriel title: Global health risks and cosmopolitisation: from emergence to interference date: 2013-03-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290901-bfho5w04.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290901-bfho5w04.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-290901-bfho5w04.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288477-dojdlfrv author: Doerr, Megan title: Research ethics in a pandemic: considerations for the use of research infrastructure and resources for public health activities date: 2020-05-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288477-dojdlfrv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288477-dojdlfrv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-288477-dojdlfrv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-285557-my16g91c author: Berger, A. title: Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)—paradigm of an emerging viral infection date: 2004-01-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-285557-my16g91c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-285557-my16g91c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-285557-my16g91c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284895-176djnf5 author: Huynen, Maud MTE title: The health impacts of globalisation: a conceptual framework date: 2005-08-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284895-176djnf5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284895-176djnf5.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-284895-176djnf5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281534-dvdx7ggv author: Briggs, Andrew M. title: Global health policy in the 21st century: Challenges and opportunities to arrest the global disability burden from musculoskeletal health conditions date: 2020-07-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281534-dvdx7ggv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281534-dvdx7ggv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-281534-dvdx7ggv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294423-3458rek8 author: Boucher, Nathan A. title: Older Adults Post-Incarceration: Restructuring Long-Term Services and Supports in the Time of COVID-19 date: 2020-09-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294423-3458rek8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294423-3458rek8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-294423-3458rek8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291528-j4uir8ns author: Heymann, David L title: Social, Behavioural and Environmental Factors and Their Impact on Infectious Disease Outbreaks date: 2005-04-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291528-j4uir8ns.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291528-j4uir8ns.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-291528-j4uir8ns.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293903-mvxz7lx7 author: Barraclough, Simon title: Australia's international health relations in 2003 date: 2005-02-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293903-mvxz7lx7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293903-mvxz7lx7.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-293903-mvxz7lx7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286006-t5gj0k54 author: Nicholas, David B. title: Pediatric epidemic crisis: Lessons for policy and practice development date: 2008-12-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286006-t5gj0k54.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286006-t5gj0k54.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-286006-t5gj0k54.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288298-y4242rfj author: Waiswa, C. title: Experiences of the one-health approach by the Uganda Trypanosomiasis Control Council and its secretariat in the control of zoonotic sleeping sickness in Uganda date: 2020-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288298-y4242rfj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288298-y4242rfj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-288298-y4242rfj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288818-6uvb4qsk author: Tanveer, Faouzia title: Ethics, pandemic and environment; looking at the future of low middle income countries date: 2020-10-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288818-6uvb4qsk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288818-6uvb4qsk.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-288818-6uvb4qsk.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 41961 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289205-or60zzjs author: Zhou, Liang title: A Bibliometric Profile of Disaster Medicine Research from 2008 to 2017: A Scientometric Analysis date: 2018-05-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289205-or60zzjs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289205-or60zzjs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-289205-or60zzjs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295693-45etqt72 author: McClure, Elizabeth S title: Racial Capitalism within Public Health: How Occupational Settings Drive COVID-19 Disparities date: 2020-07-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295693-45etqt72.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295693-45etqt72.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-295693-45etqt72.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297803-qtq352w0 author: Graham, Kathleen title: Health systems planning for an influenza pandemic date: 2010-06-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297803-qtq352w0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297803-qtq352w0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-297803-qtq352w0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295536-dbpt4dhr author: Shook, Natalie J. title: Disease avoidance in the time of COVID-19: The behavioral immune system is associated with concern and preventative health behaviors date: 2020-08-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295536-dbpt4dhr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295536-dbpt4dhr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-295536-dbpt4dhr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292166-nd3ozu9w author: Furr-Holden, Debra title: Access to Care During a Global Health Crisis date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292166-nd3ozu9w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292166-nd3ozu9w.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-292166-nd3ozu9w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292502-m76rne1l author: Cheema, S. title: The COVID-19 pandemic: the public health reality date: 2020-09-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292502-m76rne1l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292502-m76rne1l.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-292502-m76rne1l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290768-w8g9s4ro author: Ribeiro, Nadine title: Primary health care policy and vision for community pharmacy and pharmacists in Portugal date: 2020-07-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290768-w8g9s4ro.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290768-w8g9s4ro.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-290768-w8g9s4ro.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296445-0spqe4r2 author: Supady, Alexander title: Consequences of the coronavirus pandemic for global health research and practice date: 2020-06-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296445-0spqe4r2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296445-0spqe4r2.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-296445-0spqe4r2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297711-6zi9xgu4 author: R., Varalakshmi title: COVID 2019 – ROLE OF FACULTY MEMBERS TO KEEP MENTAL ACTIVENESS OF STUDENTS date: 2020-04-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297711-6zi9xgu4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297711-6zi9xgu4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-297711-6zi9xgu4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294209-6i8nu9l2 author: O’Sullivan, Belinda title: Rural Pandemic Preparedness: The Risk, Resilience and Response Required of Primary Healthcare date: 2020-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294209-6i8nu9l2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294209-6i8nu9l2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-294209-6i8nu9l2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281836-j1r771nq author: Hernando-Amado, Sara title: Antibiotic Resistance: Moving From Individual Health Norms to Social Norms in One Health and Global Health date: 2020-08-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281836-j1r771nq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281836-j1r771nq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-281836-j1r771nq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294784-r84td2i0 author: Meessen, Bruno title: Health system governance: welcoming the reboot date: 2020-08-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294784-r84td2i0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294784-r84td2i0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-294784-r84td2i0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298003-6yvcl92q author: Lawrence, Roderick J. title: Responding to COVID-19: What’s the Problem? date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298003-6yvcl92q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298003-6yvcl92q.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-298003-6yvcl92q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292929-s8pnm9wv author: Ashikalli, Louicia title: The indirect impact of COVID-19 on child health date: 2020-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292929-s8pnm9wv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292929-s8pnm9wv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-292929-s8pnm9wv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297412-jxjvimqd author: Azuine, Romuladus E. title: Ebola Virus Disease Epidemic: What Can the World Learn and Not Learn from West Africa? date: 2015 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297412-jxjvimqd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297412-jxjvimqd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-297412-jxjvimqd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299982-plw0dukq author: Chire Saire, J. E. title: Covid19 Surveillance in Peru on April using Text Mining date: 2020-05-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299982-plw0dukq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299982-plw0dukq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-299982-plw0dukq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290930-438td98a author: Lazcano-Ponce, Eduardo title: The Contribution of International Agencies to the Control of Communicable Diseases date: 2005-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290930-438td98a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290930-438td98a.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-290930-438td98a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299352-9pcb2enl author: Siedner, Mark J. title: Strengthening the Detection of and Early Response to Public Health Emergencies: Lessons from the West African Ebola Epidemic date: 2015-03-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299352-9pcb2enl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299352-9pcb2enl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-299352-9pcb2enl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299833-f2q6di3t author: Pietrabissa, Giada title: Psychological Consequences of Social Isolation During COVID-19 Outbreak date: 2020-09-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299833-f2q6di3t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299833-f2q6di3t.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-299833-f2q6di3t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295013-ew9n9i7z author: Nambiar, Devaki title: Field-testing of primary health-care indicators, India date: 2020-11-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295013-ew9n9i7z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295013-ew9n9i7z.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-295013-ew9n9i7z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298620-4cbnip2a author: Zeng, Bin title: Expert consensus on protocol of rehabilitation for COVID‐19 patients using framework and approaches of WHO International Family Classifications date: 2020-07-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298620-4cbnip2a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298620-4cbnip2a.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-298620-4cbnip2a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291382-vo9bemg1 author: Ryan, Jeffrey R. title: Case Studies date: 2016-03-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291382-vo9bemg1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291382-vo9bemg1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-291382-vo9bemg1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295399-rj2i3cxy author: Wurapa, Frederick title: One Health concept for strengthening public health surveillance and response through Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training in Ghana date: 2011-12-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295399-rj2i3cxy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295399-rj2i3cxy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-295399-rj2i3cxy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294115-7t7kubf6 author: Miralles, Oriol title: Unmet needs, health policies, and actions during the COVID-19 pandemic: a report from six European countries date: 2020-10-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294115-7t7kubf6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294115-7t7kubf6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-294115-7t7kubf6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300246-fxqseibh author: Badyal, Dinesh Kumar title: Chloroquine: Can it be a Novel Drug for COVID-19 date: 2020-04-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300246-fxqseibh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300246-fxqseibh.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-300246-fxqseibh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296863-xu0h92ac author: Berlinguer, Giovanni title: Bioethics, health, and inequality date: 2004-09-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296863-xu0h92ac.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296863-xu0h92ac.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-296863-xu0h92ac.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296422-5lsyh6s5 author: Purgato, Marianna title: Promotion, prevention and treatment interventions for mental health in low- and middle-income countries through a task-shifting approach date: 2020-08-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296422-5lsyh6s5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296422-5lsyh6s5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-296422-5lsyh6s5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-295954-cw5n1tm4 author: Campbell, Kendall M. title: Institutional and Faculty Partnerships to Promote Learner Preparedness for Health Professions Education date: 2020-10-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-295954-cw5n1tm4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-295954-cw5n1tm4.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-295954-cw5n1tm4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299797-s1zdmf2u author: Dettori, Marco title: Environmental Risks Perception Among Citizens Living Near Industrial Plants: A Cross-Sectional Study date: 2020-07-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299797-s1zdmf2u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299797-s1zdmf2u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-299797-s1zdmf2u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299745-gv7i8oeh author: Coghlan, Ben title: The Development of One Health Approaches in the Western Pacific date: 2012-10-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299745-gv7i8oeh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299745-gv7i8oeh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-299745-gv7i8oeh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300030-s4i0mdqe author: Jaguga, Florence title: Mental health response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya: a review date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300030-s4i0mdqe.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300030-s4i0mdqe.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-300030-s4i0mdqe.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298696-rsifxvtj author: Lim, Meng-Kin title: Global response to pandemic flu: more research needed on a critical front date: 2006-10-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298696-rsifxvtj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298696-rsifxvtj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-298696-rsifxvtj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301328-13adnvav author: Lowenthal, John title: Overview of the CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory date: 2016-04-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301328-13adnvav.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301328-13adnvav.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-301328-13adnvav.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 48815 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304219-tmlatghe author: Ojha, Rashi title: Challenges faced by mental health providers and patients during the coronavirus 2019 pandemic due to technological barriers date: 2020-06-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304219-tmlatghe.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304219-tmlatghe.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-304219-tmlatghe.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301521-mpm43aga author: Teixeira, Andre Luiz Schuh title: La urgencia de implementar y ampliar la telepsiquiatría durante la crisis de COVID-19: perspectiva de los psiquiatras que inician su carrera date: 2020-06-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301521-mpm43aga.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301521-mpm43aga.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-301521-mpm43aga.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 47205 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 49069 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 48930 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 49231 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296226-ugeupo3u author: Sim, Shuzhen title: A greener vision for vector control: The example of the Singapore dengue control programme date: 2020-08-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296226-ugeupo3u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296226-ugeupo3u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-296226-ugeupo3u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303197-hpbh4o77 author: Humboldt-Dachroeden, Sarah title: The state of one health research across disciplines and sectors – a bibliometric analysis date: 2020-06-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303197-hpbh4o77.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303197-hpbh4o77.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-303197-hpbh4o77.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284376-plwyjhl8 author: Fu, Xinmiao title: Simulating and forecasting the cumulative confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 in China by Boltzmann function-based regression analyses date: 2020-05-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284376-plwyjhl8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284376-plwyjhl8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-284376-plwyjhl8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300229-9qh7efs4 author: Inchausti, Felix title: Psychological Intervention and COVID-19: What We Know So Far and What We Can Do date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300229-9qh7efs4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300229-9qh7efs4.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-300229-9qh7efs4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302619-3hbbpmnt author: Strausbaugh, L. J. title: Emerging health care-associated infections in the geriatric population. date: 2001 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302619-3hbbpmnt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302619-3hbbpmnt.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-302619-3hbbpmnt.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 49718 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297341-c2af59ip author: Kelly, Jaimon T. title: Dietitians Australia position statement on telehealth date: 2020-06-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297341-c2af59ip.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297341-c2af59ip.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-297341-c2af59ip.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 50380 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 49723 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 50498 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287304-h6wj7m8u author: Keil, Roger title: Governing the Sick City: Urban Governance in the Age of Emerging Infectious Disease date: 2007-12-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287304-h6wj7m8u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287304-h6wj7m8u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-287304-h6wj7m8u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-294789-07hto8qn author: Schoch-Spana, Monica title: The public’s role in COVID-19 vaccination: human-centered recommendations to enhance pandemic vaccine awareness, access, and acceptance in the United States date: 2020-10-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-294789-07hto8qn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-294789-07hto8qn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-294789-07hto8qn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298362-j3fe0qu2 author: Chen, Jiaoyan title: Forecasting smog-related health hazard based on social media and physical sensor date: 2017-03-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298362-j3fe0qu2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298362-j3fe0qu2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-298362-j3fe0qu2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301423-stod75j2 author: Parekh, Niyati title: Health behaviours during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: implications for obesity date: 2020-08-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301423-stod75j2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301423-stod75j2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-301423-stod75j2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300465-19euup51 author: Paniagua-Avila, Alejandra title: Evaluating a multicomponent program to improve hypertension control in Guatemala: study protocol for an effectiveness-implementation cluster randomized trial date: 2020-06-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300465-19euup51.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300465-19euup51.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-300465-19euup51.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306112-wqqfpr4g author: Yilmaz, Ozge title: Brief report: International perspectives on the pediatric COVID‐19 experience date: 2020-05-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306112-wqqfpr4g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306112-wqqfpr4g.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-306112-wqqfpr4g.txt' parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 92. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 51234 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 51221 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 52863 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 51906 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 52710 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297734-rp7eoonp author: Bdaiwi, Yamama title: Challenges of providing healthcare worker education and training in protracted conflict: a focus on non-government controlled areas in north west Syria date: 2020-07-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297734-rp7eoonp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297734-rp7eoonp.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-297734-rp7eoonp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302704-rj4le1qn author: Felknor, Sarah A. title: How Will the Future of Work Shape the OSH Professional of the Future? A Workshop Summary date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302704-rj4le1qn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302704-rj4le1qn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-302704-rj4le1qn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305906-a2srympy author: Haines, Andy title: National UK programme of community health workers for COVID-19 response date: 2020-03-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305906-a2srympy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305906-a2srympy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-305906-a2srympy.txt' parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 91. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291753-9p5ppawn author: Winhusen, Theresa title: The Opioid-overdose Reduction Continuum of Care Approach (ORCCA): Evidence-based Practices in the HEALing Communities Study date: 2020-10-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291753-9p5ppawn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291753-9p5ppawn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-291753-9p5ppawn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-292559-b21j9sf3 author: Karcher, Nicole R. title: The ABCD study: understanding the development of risk for mental and physical health outcomes date: 2020-06-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-292559-b21j9sf3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-292559-b21j9sf3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-292559-b21j9sf3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-297216-1b99hm1e author: Sariola, Salla title: Toward a Symbiotic Perspective on Public Health: Recognizing the Ambivalence of Microbes in the Anthropocene date: 2020-05-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-297216-1b99hm1e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-297216-1b99hm1e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-297216-1b99hm1e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300022-2wfo6yql author: Ammar, Walid title: Health system resilience: Lebanon and the Syrian refugee crisis date: 2016-12-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300022-2wfo6yql.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300022-2wfo6yql.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-300022-2wfo6yql.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 52167 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 53014 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 51091 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 51744 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303203-1kpw4ru0 author: Guo, Jing title: Coping with COVID-19: Exposure to COVID-19 and Negative Impact on Livelihood Predict Elevated Mental Health Problems in Chinese Adults date: 2020-05-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303203-1kpw4ru0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303203-1kpw4ru0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-303203-1kpw4ru0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306865-36v9f1yz author: Sobers-Grannum, Natasha title: Response to the challenges of pandemic H1N1 in a small island state: the Barbadian experience date: 2010-12-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306865-36v9f1yz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306865-36v9f1yz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-306865-36v9f1yz.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 55247 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301192-wif0te3w author: Hoffman, David A title: Increasing Access to Care: Telehealth During COVID-19 date: 2020-06-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301192-wif0te3w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301192-wif0te3w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-301192-wif0te3w.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 53213 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 54031 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305660-kvxa6lq0 author: Byock, Ira title: Heroism and Hypocrisy: Seeing Our Reflection with 2020 Vision date: 2020-11-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305660-kvxa6lq0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305660-kvxa6lq0.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-305660-kvxa6lq0.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 55516 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 54867 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299315-s43gw24k author: Capps, Benjamin title: One Health, Vaccines and Ebola: The Opportunities for Shared Benefits date: 2015-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299315-s43gw24k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299315-s43gw24k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-299315-s43gw24k.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 53496 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 90. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 55358 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299627-nu4typ7j author: Acuin, Cecilia S title: Maternal, neonatal, and child health in southeast Asia: towards greater regional collaboration date: 2011-01-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299627-nu4typ7j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299627-nu4typ7j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-299627-nu4typ7j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303933-vb3hygtv author: Elder, Laurent title: Past, present and future: experiences and lessons from telehealth projects date: 2007-12-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303933-vb3hygtv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303933-vb3hygtv.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-303933-vb3hygtv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301479-dc1oyftd author: Koehlmoos, Tracey Pérez title: Global Health: Chronic Diseases and Other Emergent Issues in Global Health date: 2011-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301479-dc1oyftd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301479-dc1oyftd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-301479-dc1oyftd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252984-79jzkdu2 author: Bickman, Leonard title: Improving Mental Health Services: A 50-Year Journey from Randomized Experiments to Artificial Intelligence and Precision Mental Health date: 2020-07-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252984-79jzkdu2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252984-79jzkdu2.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-252984-79jzkdu2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304016-4o2bpedp author: Hanage, William P. title: COVID-19: US federal accountability for entry, spread, and inequities—lessons for the future date: 2020-11-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304016-4o2bpedp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304016-4o2bpedp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-304016-4o2bpedp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302983-3v5bc80z author: Matterne, Uwe title: Health literacy in the general population in the context of epidemic or pandemic coronavirus outbreak situations: Rapid scoping review date: 2020-10-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302983-3v5bc80z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302983-3v5bc80z.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-302983-3v5bc80z.txt' parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 89. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309705-el5rembl author: Dantés, Héctor Gómez title: Prevention and control of Aedes transmitted infections in the post-pandemic scenario of COVID-19: challenges and opportunities for the region of the Americas date: 2020-08-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309705-el5rembl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309705-el5rembl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-309705-el5rembl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304510-sfhwaqfr author: Henssler, Jonathan title: Mental health effects of infection containment strategies: quarantine and isolation—a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304510-sfhwaqfr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304510-sfhwaqfr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-304510-sfhwaqfr.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 57079 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303385-2jjg8qw6 author: Kiendrébéogo, Joël Arthur title: Policy learning and Universal Health Coverage in low- and middle-income countries date: 2020-07-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303385-2jjg8qw6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303385-2jjg8qw6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-303385-2jjg8qw6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309118-810fmd8e author: Burkle, Frederick M. title: Political Intrusions into the International Health Regulations Treaty and Its Impact on Management of Rapidly Emerging Zoonotic Pandemics: What History Tells Us date: 2020-04-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309118-810fmd8e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309118-810fmd8e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-309118-810fmd8e.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 56069 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310555-nhnhst3f author: Morgan, Randall C. title: On Answering the Call to Action for COVID-19: Continuing a Bold Legacy of Health Advocacy date: 2020-07-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310555-nhnhst3f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310555-nhnhst3f.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-310555-nhnhst3f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304157-u0mlee6u author: Nyasulu, Juliet title: The effects of coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on the South African health system: A call to maintain essential health services date: 2020-07-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304157-u0mlee6u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304157-u0mlee6u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-304157-u0mlee6u.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 56826 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 58533 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-023913-pnjhi8cu author: Foreman, Stephen title: Broader Considerations of Medical and Dental Data Integration date: 2011-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-023913-pnjhi8cu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-023913-pnjhi8cu.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-023913-pnjhi8cu.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 57202 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 56231 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 55581 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 55010 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: fork: retry: No child processes OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 57626 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: fork: retry: No child processes OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 57673 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 58239 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 57932 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: fork: retry: No child processes OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 59174 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 58063 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 58310 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 59232 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 58641 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298708-lvahzj59 author: Sahin, Ecem title: Vulnerabilities of Syrian refugee children in Turkey and actions taken for prevention and management in terms of health and wellbeing date: 2020-07-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298708-lvahzj59.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298708-lvahzj59.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-298708-lvahzj59.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300965-ivczo1a7 author: Brown, M. M. title: Don’t be the “Fifth Guy”: Risk, Responsibility, and the Rhetoric of Handwashing Campaigns date: 2017-08-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300965-ivczo1a7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300965-ivczo1a7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-300965-ivczo1a7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300301-7amiljnm author: Clements, Bruce W. title: Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Disease Threats date: 2016-03-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300301-7amiljnm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300301-7amiljnm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-300301-7amiljnm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305338-6sidqomd author: Fu, Minghui title: Effects of public health policies on the health status and medical service utilization of Chinese internal migrants date: 2020-04-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305338-6sidqomd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305338-6sidqomd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-305338-6sidqomd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303700-rrwy3osd author: Neiderud, Carl-Johan title: How urbanization affects the epidemiology of emerging infectious diseases date: 2015-06-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303700-rrwy3osd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303700-rrwy3osd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-303700-rrwy3osd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306770-hjzlj8k3 author: Mick, Paul title: Aerosol-generating otolaryngology procedures and the need for enhanced PPE during the COVID-19 pandemic: a literature review date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306770-hjzlj8k3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306770-hjzlj8k3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-306770-hjzlj8k3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304280-2a84u4tm author: Masic, Izet title: Public Health Aspects of COVID-19 Infection with Focus on Cardiovascular Diseases date: 2020-03-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304280-2a84u4tm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304280-2a84u4tm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-304280-2a84u4tm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308376-un4ztqf4 author: Bakken, Suzanne title: Informatics is a critical strategy in combating the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308376-un4ztqf4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308376-un4ztqf4.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-308376-un4ztqf4.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 57931 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 57949 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 59295 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 59484 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 59544 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 60406 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 60437 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 60930 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 60319 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 61038 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 61371 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301547-d4wt9dqp author: Seng, J. J. B. title: Pandemic related Health literacy - A Systematic Review of literature in COVID-19, SARS and MERS pandemics date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301547-d4wt9dqp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301547-d4wt9dqp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-301547-d4wt9dqp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307303-9mzs5dl4 author: Barnett, Daniel J. title: The Application of the Haddon Matrix to Public Health Readiness and Response Planning date: 2005-02-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307303-9mzs5dl4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307303-9mzs5dl4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-307303-9mzs5dl4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308821-j4vylbhy author: Martin, R. title: The role of law in pandemic influenza preparedness in Europe date: 2009-03-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308821-j4vylbhy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308821-j4vylbhy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-308821-j4vylbhy.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 62176 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 61585 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 52369 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308645-5fghudac author: Qoronfleh, M. Walid title: Health is a political choice: why conduct healthcare research? Value, importance and outcomes to policy makers date: 2020-07-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308645-5fghudac.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308645-5fghudac.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-308645-5fghudac.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 64729 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 59620 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 61517 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310557-d33ll0ka author: Alotaibi, Badriah M. title: Strengthening health security at the Hajj mass gatherings: characteristics of the infectious diseases surveillance systems operational during the 2015 Hajj date: 2017-02-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310557-d33ll0ka.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310557-d33ll0ka.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-310557-d33ll0ka.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 65670 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 63873 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 64162 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 64290 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 64819 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 64964 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 65276 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 65536 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 66169 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311172-4uk2y206 author: Fischer, Benedikt title: Some notes on the use, concept and socio-political framing of ‘stigma’ focusing on an opioid-related public health crisis date: 2020-08-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311172-4uk2y206.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311172-4uk2y206.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-311172-4uk2y206.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316878-zemaygnt author: Johnson, Stephanie B. title: Advancing Global Health Equity in the COVID-19 Response: Beyond Solidarity date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316878-zemaygnt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316878-zemaygnt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-316878-zemaygnt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313729-mydyc68y author: McDiarmid, Melissa A. title: Hazards of the Health Care Sector: Looking Beyond Infectious Disease date: 2014-11-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313729-mydyc68y.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313729-mydyc68y.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-313729-mydyc68y.txt' parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 88. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 43819 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 87. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317734-17lu319z author: Ennals, Richard title: A strategic health initiative: context for Coronavirus date: 2020-04-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317734-17lu319z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317734-17lu319z.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-317734-17lu319z.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 65580 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320610-5ayjudl9 author: Liu, Shuai title: Online mental health services in China during the COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-02-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320610-5ayjudl9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320610-5ayjudl9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-320610-5ayjudl9.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 67396 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315513-jw7131ye author: Méndez, Claudio A. title: The 2019 crisis in Chile: fundamental change needed, not just technical fixes to the health system date: 2020-08-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315513-jw7131ye.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315513-jw7131ye.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-315513-jw7131ye.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316972-5jtd5ytz author: Zhang, Wen-rui title: Mental Health and Psychosocial Problems of Medical Health Workers during the COVID-19 Epidemic in China date: 2020-04-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316972-5jtd5ytz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316972-5jtd5ytz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-316972-5jtd5ytz.txt' parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 86. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 67581 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 67268 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 68406 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 67308 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 68316 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 68461 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 67561 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307038-c58mzcu9 author: Shukla, Nagesh title: A Review of Models Used for Investigating Barriers to Healthcare Access in Australia date: 2020-06-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307038-c58mzcu9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307038-c58mzcu9.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-307038-c58mzcu9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313229-5oc0lisi author: Abbott, Patricia A. title: Globalization and advances in information and communication technologies: The impact on nursing and health date: 2008-10-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313229-5oc0lisi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313229-5oc0lisi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-313229-5oc0lisi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316543-1tb2tkis author: Urooj, Uzma title: Expectations, Fears and Perceptions of doctors during Covid-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316543-1tb2tkis.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316543-1tb2tkis.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-316543-1tb2tkis.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 68018 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 67549 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 68094 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 68374 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 63641 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 69624 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 67802 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 68160 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 68233 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318701-f9j13fsc author: Chamboredon, P. title: COVID‐19 pandemic in France: health emergency experiences from the field date: 2020-06-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318701-f9j13fsc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318701-f9j13fsc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-318701-f9j13fsc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320542-ihsr7bhp author: Spanemberg, Juliana Cassol title: The impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the teaching of dentistry in Brazil date: 2020-08-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320542-ihsr7bhp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320542-ihsr7bhp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-320542-ihsr7bhp.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 68405 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 70224 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 69603 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314579-4nc4d05v author: Aylward, R Bruce title: Global health goals: lessons from the worldwide effort to eradicate poliomyelitis date: 2003-09-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314579-4nc4d05v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314579-4nc4d05v.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-314579-4nc4d05v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321548-9f77ksxi author: Smith, David Barton title: The Pandemic Challenge: End Separate and Unequal Healthcare date: 2020-04-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321548-9f77ksxi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321548-9f77ksxi.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-321548-9f77ksxi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320987-wyzmziiy author: Narla, Nirmala P. title: Agile Application of Digital Health Interventions during the COVID-19 Refugee Response date: 2020-10-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320987-wyzmziiy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320987-wyzmziiy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-320987-wyzmziiy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317441-tnde2jp5 author: Jewell, Jennifer S title: Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States: Online Survey date: 2020-10-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317441-tnde2jp5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317441-tnde2jp5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-317441-tnde2jp5.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 68827 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304399-7t2mu13s author: Wynne, Keona Jeane title: Dying individuals and suffering populations: applying a population-level bioethics lens to palliative care in humanitarian contexts: before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304399-7t2mu13s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304399-7t2mu13s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-304399-7t2mu13s.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 70912 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 65716 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 69183 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 70393 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 71501 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320344-z3l7dvyd author: Hotopf, Matthew title: The scope of mental health research during the COVID-19 pandemic and its aftermath date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320344-z3l7dvyd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320344-z3l7dvyd.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-320344-z3l7dvyd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318452-t3aqcvu0 author: Carneiro, Vera Lúcia Alves title: Pos Covid-19 And The Portuguese National Eye Care System Challenge date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318452-t3aqcvu0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318452-t3aqcvu0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-318452-t3aqcvu0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318565-52ynt4d3 author: Glynn, R. W. title: Ebola, Zika and the International Health Regulations – implications for Port Health Preparedness date: 2016-11-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318565-52ynt4d3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318565-52ynt4d3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-318565-52ynt4d3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311558-1y6z8qso author: Henry, Caitlin title: Palliative Space-Time: Expanding and Contracting Geographies of US Health Care date: 2020-09-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311558-1y6z8qso.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311558-1y6z8qso.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-311558-1y6z8qso.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299613-5ju5fcf4 author: Arthi, Vellore title: Disease, downturns, and wellbeing: Economic history and the long-run impacts of COVID-19 date: 2020-11-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299613-5ju5fcf4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299613-5ju5fcf4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-299613-5ju5fcf4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315681-p3j8kt80 author: Wiley, Lindsay F title: Public Health Law and Science in the Community Mitigation Strategy for Covid-19 date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315681-p3j8kt80.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315681-p3j8kt80.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-315681-p3j8kt80.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315364-8eh55yt2 author: Stolldorf, Deonni title: Health Equity Research in Nursing and Midwifery: Time to Expand Our Work date: 2020-07-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315364-8eh55yt2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315364-8eh55yt2.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-315364-8eh55yt2.txt' === file2bib.sh === /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: fork: retry: No child processes OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 72417 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324231-nik7xizn author: Aitsi-Selmi, Amina title: Reducing risks to health and wellbeing at mass gatherings: the role of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction date: 2016-04-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324231-nik7xizn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324231-nik7xizn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-324231-nik7xizn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321299-h6pcatvx author: Hanson, Claudia title: Health system redesign for equity in maternal and newborn health must be codesigned, country led, adapted to context and fit for purpose date: 2020-10-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321299-h6pcatvx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321299-h6pcatvx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-321299-h6pcatvx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319672-su0uibmi author: Smith, Maxwell J. title: Ebola and Learning Lessons from Moral Failures: Who Cares about Ethics? date: 2015-10-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319672-su0uibmi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319672-su0uibmi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-319672-su0uibmi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327129-18693tng author: Wolpert, Miranda title: Prioritising global mental health: a photo paints a thousand words date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327129-18693tng.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327129-18693tng.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-327129-18693tng.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 74878 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 74138 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318004-r08k40ob author: Raina MacIntyre, C. title: Converging and emerging threats to health security date: 2017-11-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318004-r08k40ob.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318004-r08k40ob.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-318004-r08k40ob.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 73622 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 75070 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 75065 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 75971 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 74208 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 75495 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 74877 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 74902 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 7748 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317795-689at1qx author: Bielicki, Julia A title: Monitoring approaches for health-care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317795-689at1qx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317795-689at1qx.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-317795-689at1qx.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 75218 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 85. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326414-kq8gru3c author: Aryal, Shreyashi title: Maternal Mental Health in Nepal and its Prioritization During COVID-19 Pandemic: Missing the Obvious date: 2020-07-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326414-kq8gru3c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326414-kq8gru3c.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-326414-kq8gru3c.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 71786 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 73802 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 75851 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 76175 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 77050 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 77310 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329498-nr9k7hf2 author: Lemke, Michael Kenneth title: Syndemic frameworks to understand the effects of COVID-19 on commercial driver stress, health, and safety date: 2020-05-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329498-nr9k7hf2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329498-nr9k7hf2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-329498-nr9k7hf2.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 77796 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 75582 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: fork: retry: No child processes id: cord-322799-opf1qwgl author: Hiremath, Channabasavaraj Shivalingaiah title: IACTS guidelines: practice of cardiovascular and thoracic surgery in the COVID-19 era date: 2020-08-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322799-opf1qwgl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322799-opf1qwgl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-322799-opf1qwgl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310556-ebh59adi author: Flett, Gordon L. title: Aging and Feeling Valued Versus Expendable During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond: a Review and Commentary of Why Mattering Is Fundamental to the Health and Well-Being of Older Adults date: 2020-06-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310556-ebh59adi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310556-ebh59adi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-310556-ebh59adi.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 78482 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 78766 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-329412-pzv4dzow author: Massaad, Elie title: Social Media Data Analytics on Telehealth During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-329412-pzv4dzow.txt cache: ./cache/cord-329412-pzv4dzow.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-329412-pzv4dzow.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327180-yw8rzrb7 author: Prateepko, Tapanan title: Patterns of perception toward influenza pandemic among the front-line responsible health personnel in southern Thailand: a Q methodology approach date: 2009-05-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327180-yw8rzrb7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327180-yw8rzrb7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-327180-yw8rzrb7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323054-m8hkj1dm author: Schwartz, Rachel title: Addressing Postpandemic Clinician Mental Health: A Narrative Review and Conceptual Framework date: 2020-08-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323054-m8hkj1dm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323054-m8hkj1dm.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-323054-m8hkj1dm.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 79123 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 78906 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 84. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324091-nljd2ok1 author: Gordon, Jennifer L. title: The psychological impact of fertility treatment suspensions during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324091-nljd2ok1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324091-nljd2ok1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-324091-nljd2ok1.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 78634 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 78898 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 79092 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 79911 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323482-kk8iyavj author: Muller, Researcher Ashley Elizabeth title: The mental health impact of the covid-19 pandemic on healthcare workers, and interventions to help them: a rapid systematic review date: 2020-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323482-kk8iyavj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323482-kk8iyavj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-323482-kk8iyavj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330276-qvmhuid3 author: Giorgi, Gabriele title: Addressing Risks: Mental Health, Work-Related Stress, and Occupational Disease Management to Enhance Well-Being 2019 date: 2020-06-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330276-qvmhuid3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330276-qvmhuid3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-330276-qvmhuid3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331568-h2ukbbom author: Correa, Humberto title: Why psychiatric treatment must not be neglected during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-04-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331568-h2ukbbom.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331568-h2ukbbom.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-331568-h2ukbbom.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327592-8tqi958n author: Hunter, Anita title: Global health diplomacy: An integrative review of the literature and implications for nursing date: 2012-09-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327592-8tqi958n.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327592-8tqi958n.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-327592-8tqi958n.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319226-yvgvyif0 author: French, Jeff title: Key Guidelines in Developing a Pre-Emptive COVID-19 Vaccination Uptake Promotion Strategy date: 2020-08-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319226-yvgvyif0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319226-yvgvyif0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-319226-yvgvyif0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328888-qckn3lvx author: Cáceres, Sigfrido Burgos title: Global Health Security in an Era of Global Health Threats date: 2011-10-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328888-qckn3lvx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328888-qckn3lvx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-328888-qckn3lvx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318063-bainw3d6 author: Haque, Mainul title: Health care-associated infections – an overview date: 2018-11-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318063-bainw3d6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318063-bainw3d6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-318063-bainw3d6.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 82696 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 83. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 81776 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 82664 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 82706 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 82873 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332963-42hc9784 author: Sullivan, Lisa M title: Graduate public health education in the post-COVID-19 era date: 2020-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332963-42hc9784.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332963-42hc9784.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-332963-42hc9784.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 81778 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 82850 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 82858 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 82768 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334109-9gv92yfh author: Cho, Hae-Wol title: Enemy at the Gate date: 2019-08-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334109-9gv92yfh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334109-9gv92yfh.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-334109-9gv92yfh.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 83133 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: fork: retry: No child processes id: cord-331401-bhl729up author: Rantsios, A.T. title: Zoonoses date: 2015-09-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331401-bhl729up.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331401-bhl729up.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-331401-bhl729up.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 83810 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333467-de2aimuj author: Revere, Debra title: Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Communications with Health Care Providers: A Literature Review date: 2011-05-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333467-de2aimuj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333467-de2aimuj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-333467-de2aimuj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330364-ye02hwhy author: Semenza, Jan C. title: Systemic resilience to cross‐border infectious disease threat events in Europe date: 2019-05-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330364-ye02hwhy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330364-ye02hwhy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-330364-ye02hwhy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326574-ke0iktly author: Chew, Alton Ming Kai title: Digital Health Solutions for Mental Health Disorders During COVID-19 date: 2020-09-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326574-ke0iktly.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326574-ke0iktly.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-326574-ke0iktly.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315991-uecdbanf author: Hughes, David title: The Australian Institute of Sport Framework for Rebooting Sport in a COVID-19 Environment date: 2020-05-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315991-uecdbanf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315991-uecdbanf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-315991-uecdbanf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323466-r0n7448g author: Núñez, Ana title: Responding to Healthcare Disparities and Challenges With Access to Care During COVID-19 date: 2020-04-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323466-r0n7448g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323466-r0n7448g.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-323466-r0n7448g.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 84918 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 84176 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 84860 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322511-hnvqvajx author: Speerin, Robyn title: Implementing models of care for musculoskeletal conditions in health systems to support value-based care date: 2020-07-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322511-hnvqvajx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322511-hnvqvajx.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-322511-hnvqvajx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334925-csy5fekx author: COHEN, ALAN B. title: Living in a Covid‐19 World date: 2020-06-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334925-csy5fekx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334925-csy5fekx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-334925-csy5fekx.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 84060 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 85884 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330512-nu8q72l9 author: Iskander, John title: Pandemic Influenza Planning, United States, 1978–2008 date: 2013-06-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330512-nu8q72l9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330512-nu8q72l9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-330512-nu8q72l9.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 85388 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 86046 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327976-pwe95zoi author: Singh, Dr Shweta title: Impact of COVID-19 and Lockdown on Mental Health of Children and Adolescents: A Narrative Review with Recommendations. date: 2020-08-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327976-pwe95zoi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327976-pwe95zoi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-327976-pwe95zoi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330454-jmd3wosy author: Rutten, Martine title: A comparative analysis of some policy options to reduce rationing in the UK's NHS: Lessons from a general equilibrium model incorporating positive health effects date: 2008-10-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330454-jmd3wosy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330454-jmd3wosy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-330454-jmd3wosy.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 85978 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 86500 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 86004 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 85662 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 85794 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318407-uy0f7f2o author: Nara, Peter L. title: Perspectives on advancing preventative medicine through vaccinology at the comparative veterinary, human and conservation medicine interface: Not missing the opportunities date: 2008-11-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318407-uy0f7f2o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318407-uy0f7f2o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-318407-uy0f7f2o.txt' parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 82. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 78503 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 85438 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 86045 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 86353 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339147-9v3anfbo author: nan title: Correction to: Oral cancer patients date: 2020-08-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339147-9v3anfbo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339147-9v3anfbo.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-339147-9v3anfbo.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 86692 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 86687 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 86393 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: fork: retry: No child processes OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 86079 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335839-wgdqu1s1 author: Singh, Meharban title: Pediatrics in 21(st) Century and Beyond date: 2016-08-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335839-wgdqu1s1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335839-wgdqu1s1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-335839-wgdqu1s1.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 86875 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330849-yt44k88m author: Han, Rachel H. title: Planning for Mental Health Needs During COVID-19 date: 2020-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330849-yt44k88m.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330849-yt44k88m.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-330849-yt44k88m.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 86695 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 87001 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 87510 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330737-6khv4kbj author: Cohen, Jennifer title: Contributing factors to personal protective equipment shortages during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330737-6khv4kbj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330737-6khv4kbj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-330737-6khv4kbj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336161-67pumvst author: Himmelstein, David U. title: The U.S. Health Care System on the Eve of the Covid-19 Epidemic: A Summary of Recent Evidence on Its Impaired Performance date: 2020-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336161-67pumvst.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336161-67pumvst.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-336161-67pumvst.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339310-efxh5grs author: Gostin, Lawrence O. title: Toward a Common Secure Future: Four Global Commissions in the Wake of Ebola date: 2016-05-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339310-efxh5grs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339310-efxh5grs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-339310-efxh5grs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322541-yzum868k author: Moon, Suerie title: Will Ebola change the game? Ten essential reforms before the next pandemic. The report of the Harvard-LSHTM Independent Panel on the Global Response to Ebola date: 2015-11-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322541-yzum868k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322541-yzum868k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-322541-yzum868k.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 82751 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 87240 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 87521 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331601-3w4c40qr author: Ojong, Nathanael title: The COVID-19 Pandemic and the Pathology of the Economic and Political Architecture in Cameroon date: 2020-06-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331601-3w4c40qr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331601-3w4c40qr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-331601-3w4c40qr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334039-7nwq4vxk author: Russo, Giuliano title: Understanding nurses’ dual practice: a scoping review of what we know and what we still need to ask on nurses holding multiple jobs date: 2018-02-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334039-7nwq4vxk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334039-7nwq4vxk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-334039-7nwq4vxk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332977-884z6qrq author: Ehrlich, Rodney title: Current Guidelines for Protecting Health Workers from Occupational Tuberculosis Are Necessary, but Not Sufficient: Towards a Comprehensive Occupational Health Approach date: 2020-06-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332977-884z6qrq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332977-884z6qrq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-332977-884z6qrq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338664-wvsc94qv author: Davalbhakta, S. title: Private Health Sector in India: Ready and willing, yet underutilized in the Covid-19 pandemic. date: 2020-06-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338664-wvsc94qv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338664-wvsc94qv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-338664-wvsc94qv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338390-v4ncshav author: Moghadas, Seyed M. title: Managing public health crises: the role of models in pandemic preparedness date: 2009-03-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338390-v4ncshav.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338390-v4ncshav.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-338390-v4ncshav.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337120-irpm5g7g author: Lee, Bruce Y. title: The Role of Internists During Epidemics, Outbreaks, and Bioterrorist Attacks date: 2007-01-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337120-irpm5g7g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337120-irpm5g7g.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-337120-irpm5g7g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341778-v2n8ez0t author: Bayen, Eleonore title: Will participation restrictions related to the COVID-19 lockdown boost inclusivity? date: 2020-04-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341778-v2n8ez0t.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341778-v2n8ez0t.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-341778-v2n8ez0t.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335551-1qc5b8a9 author: Zachariah, Rony title: Investing in Operational Research Capacity Building for Front-Line Health Workers Strengthens Countries’ Resilience to Tackling the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335551-1qc5b8a9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335551-1qc5b8a9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-335551-1qc5b8a9.txt' === file2bib.sh === /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: fork: retry: No child processes OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 87574 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339907-8qpu8xrb author: Naik, B.Sadananda title: Can a health care worker have sex in the time of COVID-19? date: 2020-08-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339907-8qpu8xrb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339907-8qpu8xrb.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-339907-8qpu8xrb.txt' === file2bib.sh === /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: fork: retry: No child processes OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 87026 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 87512 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 88216 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 81. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339218-zobx4rw6 author: Gao, George F. title: For a better world: Biosafety strategies to protect global health date: 2019-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339218-zobx4rw6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339218-zobx4rw6.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-339218-zobx4rw6.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 88316 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337037-xpj17vn4 author: Weigel, Ralf title: Global child health in Germany - Time for action date: 2020-10-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337037-xpj17vn4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337037-xpj17vn4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-337037-xpj17vn4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332173-m38sr6oc author: Denburg, Avram E. title: Does moral reasoning influence public values for health care priority setting?: A population-based randomized stated preference survey date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332173-m38sr6oc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332173-m38sr6oc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-332173-m38sr6oc.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 88706 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 89089 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 88628 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 89369 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 89461 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 90868 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 89278 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 89166 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 90243 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327063-ea7a1xfl author: Dhama, Kuldeep title: SARS-CoV-2 jumping the species barrier: zoonotic lessons from SARS, MERS and recent advances to combat this pandemic virus date: 2020-08-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327063-ea7a1xfl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327063-ea7a1xfl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-327063-ea7a1xfl.txt' === file2bib.sh === /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: fork: retry: No child processes OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 91421 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 88900 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 91613 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 89029 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: fork: retry: No child processes OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 91439 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340616-5vtgd46s author: ÇETİN, Ceren title: Global surveillance, travel, and trade during a pandemic date: 2020-04-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340616-5vtgd46s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340616-5vtgd46s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-340616-5vtgd46s.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 89483 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339058-jtj12571 author: Yassi, Annalee title: Trends in Injuries, Illnesses, and Policies in Canadian Healthcare Workplaces date: 2005-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339058-jtj12571.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339058-jtj12571.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-339058-jtj12571.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 89648 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 90790 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 91628 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 91066 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337576-0dlthaqv author: Balajee, S. Arunmozhi title: Sustainable Model for Public Health Emergency Operations Centers for Global Settings date: 2017-12-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337576-0dlthaqv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337576-0dlthaqv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-337576-0dlthaqv.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 90846 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342137-l67pvf73 author: Collins, Charles title: Schistosomiasis control and the health system in P.R. China date: 2012-11-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342137-l67pvf73.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342137-l67pvf73.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-342137-l67pvf73.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 93402 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 92861 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 92343 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: fork: retry: No child processes id: cord-330180-lvn4hqk5 author: Rosenkötter, Nicole title: Twentieth anniversary of the European Union health mandate: taking stock of perceived achievements, failures and missed opportunities – a qualitative study date: 2013-11-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330180-lvn4hqk5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330180-lvn4hqk5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-330180-lvn4hqk5.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 93595 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 92676 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 93965 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323273-q53wf6au author: Olivia Li, Ji-Peng title: Digital technology, tele-medicine and artificial intelligence in ophthalmology: A global perspective date: 2020-09-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323273-q53wf6au.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323273-q53wf6au.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-323273-q53wf6au.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 93532 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347651-tny4bn01 author: Watkins, Johnathan title: Three further ways that the COVID-19 pandemic will affect health outcomes date: 2020-05-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347651-tny4bn01.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347651-tny4bn01.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-347651-tny4bn01.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347410-6muxz6c5 author: Phillips, Sally title: Readiness and response to public health emergencies: Help needed Now from professional nursing associations date: 2004-10-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347410-6muxz6c5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347410-6muxz6c5.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-347410-6muxz6c5.txt' === file2bib.sh === /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: fork: retry: No child processes OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 94690 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 94724 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: fork: retry: No child processes OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 95258 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: fork: retry: No child processes OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 94318 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343295-c3y6rtb7 author: Chiara, Berardi title: The COVID-19 pandemic in Italy: policy and technology impact on health and non-health outcomes date: 2020-09-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343295-c3y6rtb7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343295-c3y6rtb7.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-343295-c3y6rtb7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342841-b1rucgmg author: Di Carlo, Francesco title: Telepsychiatry and other cutting edge technologies in Covid‐19 pandemic: bridging the distance in mental health assistance date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342841-b1rucgmg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342841-b1rucgmg.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-342841-b1rucgmg.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 94208 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 95065 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 95159 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336142-jmetfa6x author: MacDougall, Heather title: Toronto’s Health Department in Action: Influenza in 1918 and SARS in 2003 date: 2006-10-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336142-jmetfa6x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336142-jmetfa6x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-336142-jmetfa6x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348964-1x3nmwwt author: Patel, Love title: Ethical and Legal Challenges During the COVID‐19 Pandemic – Are We Thinking About Rural Hospitals? date: 2020-04-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348964-1x3nmwwt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348964-1x3nmwwt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-348964-1x3nmwwt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335166-60lfjfvs author: Hanney, Stephen R. title: How to strengthen a health research system: WHO’s review, whose literature and who is providing leadership? date: 2020-06-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335166-60lfjfvs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335166-60lfjfvs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-335166-60lfjfvs.txt' === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 95139 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347605-6db4gwhk author: Vento, Sandro title: Violence Against Healthcare Workers: A Worldwide Phenomenon With Serious Consequences date: 2020-09-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347605-6db4gwhk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347605-6db4gwhk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-347605-6db4gwhk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344050-5ulk3euw author: Wang, Jianming title: Gender difference in knowledge of tuberculosis and associated health-care seeking behaviors: a cross-sectional study in a rural area of China date: 2008-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344050-5ulk3euw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344050-5ulk3euw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-344050-5ulk3euw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345417-0rxhkg7a author: Sun, Xinying title: Determinants of health literacy and health behavior regarding infectious respiratory diseases: a pathway model date: 2013-03-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345417-0rxhkg7a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345417-0rxhkg7a.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-345417-0rxhkg7a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345008-3mjimzdt author: Raj, Anita title: Time from COVID-19 shutdown, gender-based violence exposure, and mental health outcomes among a state representative sample of California residents date: 2020-08-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345008-3mjimzdt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345008-3mjimzdt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-345008-3mjimzdt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347488-th07jo7u author: Akseer, Nadia title: COVID-19 pandemic and mitigation strategies: implications for maternal and child health and nutrition date: 2020-06-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347488-th07jo7u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347488-th07jo7u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-347488-th07jo7u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344408-4ko557n1 author: Cunningham, Andrew A. title: One Health, emerging infectious diseases and wildlife: two decades of progress? date: 2017-07-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344408-4ko557n1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344408-4ko557n1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-344408-4ko557n1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351892-rmf0azon author: Maldonado-Castellanos, Isaac title: Ethical issues when planning mental health services after COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-07-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351892-rmf0azon.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351892-rmf0azon.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-351892-rmf0azon.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339376-2dczotbh author: Everts, Jonathan title: Announcing Swine Flu and the Interpretation of Pandemic Anxiety date: 2012-07-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339376-2dczotbh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339376-2dczotbh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-339376-2dczotbh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354855-vwxbo01b author: Taylor, Allyn L title: Solidarity in the wake of COVID-19: reimagining the International Health Regulations date: 2020-06-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354855-vwxbo01b.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354855-vwxbo01b.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-354855-vwxbo01b.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348411-nrhe8aek author: Shah, Kaushal title: Impact of COVID-19 on the Mental Health of Children and Adolescents date: 2020-08-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348411-nrhe8aek.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348411-nrhe8aek.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-348411-nrhe8aek.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349057-u7u39jho author: Hawton, Annie title: Involving Patients in Health Economics Research: “The PACTS Principles” date: 2020-10-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349057-u7u39jho.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349057-u7u39jho.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-349057-u7u39jho.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350380-4yardtss author: Jephcott, Freya L. title: Facility-based surveillance for emerging infectious diseases; diagnostic practices in rural West African hospital settings: observations from Ghana date: 2017-07-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350380-4yardtss.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350380-4yardtss.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-350380-4yardtss.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349426-9fuiind8 author: Lee, Albert title: Facing the threat of influenza pandemic - roles of and implications to general practitioners date: 2010-11-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349426-9fuiind8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349426-9fuiind8.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-349426-9fuiind8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347126-hvrly37e author: Stanton, Robert title: Depression, Anxiety and Stress during COVID-19: Associations with Changes in Physical Activity, Sleep, Tobacco and Alcohol Use in Australian Adults date: 2020-06-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347126-hvrly37e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347126-hvrly37e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-347126-hvrly37e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352293-ha7xts89 author: Thakur, Aditya title: Mental Health in High School Students at the Time of COVID-19: A Student’s Perspective date: 2020-08-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352293-ha7xts89.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352293-ha7xts89.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-352293-ha7xts89.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349911-dx8wvqkm author: Dahl, Viktor title: Communicable Diseases Prioritized According to Their Public Health Relevance, Sweden, 2013 date: 2015-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349911-dx8wvqkm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349911-dx8wvqkm.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-349911-dx8wvqkm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346515-8wqpvf68 author: Chiu, Hsiao-Hsuan title: Building core capacities at the designated points of entry according to the International Health Regulations 2005: a review of the progress and prospects in Taiwan date: 2014-07-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346515-8wqpvf68.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346515-8wqpvf68.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-346515-8wqpvf68.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345843-yz0buegp author: Gushulak, BD title: Migrants and emerging public health issues in a globalized world: threats, risks and challenges, an evidence-based framework date: 2010-03-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345843-yz0buegp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345843-yz0buegp.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-345843-yz0buegp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354892-24wvly9f author: Low, Daniel M title: Natural Language Processing Reveals Vulnerable Mental Health Support Groups and Heightened Health Anxiety on Reddit During COVID-19: Observational Study date: 2020-10-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354892-24wvly9f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354892-24wvly9f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-354892-24wvly9f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-339188-apgdzgfz author: Lewis, Thomas J title: Reduction in Chronic Disease Risk and Burden in a 70-Individual Cohort Through Modification of Health Behaviors date: 2020-08-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-339188-apgdzgfz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-339188-apgdzgfz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-339188-apgdzgfz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345811-f0yt2a32 author: Parmet, Wendy E. title: Public Health Literacy for Lawyers date: 2007-01-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345811-f0yt2a32.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345811-f0yt2a32.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-345811-f0yt2a32.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354434-bi409a6o author: Benjamin, Georges C. title: Ensuring health equity during the COVID-19 pandemic: the role of public health infrastructure date: 2020-05-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354434-bi409a6o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354434-bi409a6o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-354434-bi409a6o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355488-ajlmyjoe author: Ullrich, Sarah title: Navigating the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons From Global Surgery date: 2020-06-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355488-ajlmyjoe.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355488-ajlmyjoe.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-355488-ajlmyjoe.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343205-zjw4fbfd author: Bhaskar, Sonu title: Telemedicine as the New Outpatient Clinic Gone Digital: Position Paper From the Pandemic Health System REsilience PROGRAM (REPROGRAM) International Consortium (Part 2) date: 2020-09-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343205-zjw4fbfd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343205-zjw4fbfd.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-343205-zjw4fbfd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353866-0r1b44id author: Sun, Hongpeng title: Changes of Adult Population Health Status in China from 2003 to 2008 date: 2011-12-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353866-0r1b44id.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353866-0r1b44id.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-353866-0r1b44id.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353185-aapg75af author: Tambo, Ernest title: The value of China-Africa health development initiatives in strengthening “One Health” strategy date: 2019-09-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353185-aapg75af.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353185-aapg75af.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-353185-aapg75af.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355726-44x0idzn author: Ibrahim, Mohamed Izham Mohamed title: Introduction: Discovering Issues and Challenges in Low- and Middle-Income Countries date: 2017-11-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355726-44x0idzn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355726-44x0idzn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-355726-44x0idzn.txt' === file2bib.sh === /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: fork: retry: No child processes id: cord-349348-9rnvawfa author: Cousineau, J title: Genomics and Public Health Research: Can the State Allow Access to Genomic Databases? date: 2012-05-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349348-9rnvawfa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349348-9rnvawfa.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-349348-9rnvawfa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348012-idflfwpb author: Alcover, Carlos-María title: Group Membership and Social and Personal Identities as Psychosocial Coping Resources to Psychological Consequences of the COVID-19 Confinement date: 2020-10-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348012-idflfwpb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348012-idflfwpb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-348012-idflfwpb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-351204-5m1ch7ls author: Ford, James D. title: Vulnerability of Aboriginal health systems in Canada to climate change date: 2010-06-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-351204-5m1ch7ls.txt cache: ./cache/cord-351204-5m1ch7ls.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-351204-5m1ch7ls.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352546-w3catjj3 author: Degeling, Chris title: Implementing a One Health approach to emerging infectious disease: reflections on the socio-political, ethical and legal dimensions date: 2015-12-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352546-w3catjj3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352546-w3catjj3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-352546-w3catjj3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355471-vt7qovf7 author: Ogojiaku, Chinonso N. title: The Health Opportunity Index: Understanding the Input to Disparate Health Outcomes in Vulnerable and High-Risk Census Tracts date: 2020-08-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355471-vt7qovf7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355471-vt7qovf7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-355471-vt7qovf7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-355919-e8fhlo37 author: Semaan, Aline title: Voices from the frontline: findings from a thematic analysis of a rapid online global survey of maternal and newborn health professionals facing the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-355919-e8fhlo37.txt cache: ./cache/cord-355919-e8fhlo37.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-355919-e8fhlo37.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333599-hl11ln2r author: Tulchinsky, Theodore H. title: Planning and Managing Health Systems date: 2014-10-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333599-hl11ln2r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333599-hl11ln2r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-333599-hl11ln2r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325300-wawui0fd author: Tulchinsky, Theodore H. title: 4 Communicable Diseases date: 2000-12-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325300-wawui0fd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325300-wawui0fd.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-325300-wawui0fd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304056-2bo0s0hz author: Lezotre, Pierre-Louis title: Part I State of Play and Review of Major Cooperation Initiatives date: 2014-12-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304056-2bo0s0hz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304056-2bo0s0hz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 7 resourceName b'cord-304056-2bo0s0hz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-011062-ukz4hnmy author: nan title: Poster date: 2020-03-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-011062-ukz4hnmy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-011062-ukz4hnmy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 10 resourceName b'cord-011062-ukz4hnmy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-004894-75w35fkd author: nan title: Abstract date: 2006-06-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-004894-75w35fkd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-004894-75w35fkd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 7 resourceName b'cord-004894-75w35fkd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-001521-l36f1gp7 author: nan title: Oral and Poster Manuscripts date: 2011-04-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-001521-l36f1gp7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-001521-l36f1gp7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 17 resourceName b'cord-001521-l36f1gp7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-031907-ilhr3iu5 author: nan title: ISEV2020 Abstract Book date: 2020-07-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-031907-ilhr3iu5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-031907-ilhr3iu5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 29 resourceName b'cord-031907-ilhr3iu5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-010092-uftc8inx author: nan title: Abstract of 29th Regional Congress of the ISBT date: 2019-06-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-010092-uftc8inx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-010092-uftc8inx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 16 resourceName b'cord-010092-uftc8inx.txt' Que is empty; done keyword-health-cord === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-004639-qwxkn0j0 author = Aceng, Jane Ruth title = Uganda’s experience in Ebola virus disease outbreak preparedness, 2018–2019 date = 2020-03-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6155 sentences = 265 flesch = 45 summary = The MoH, with technical guidance from the World Health Organisation (WHO), led EVD preparedness activities and worked together with other ministries and partner organisations to enhance community-based surveillance systems, develop and disseminate risk communication messages, engage communities, reinforce EVD screening and infection prevention measures at Points of Entry (PoEs) and in high-risk health facilities, construct and equip EVD isolation and treatment units, and establish coordination and procurement mechanisms. The NTF assigned an Incident Management Commander (IMC) and team, made of 6 technical subcommittee team leads encompassing the eleven key WHO EVD preparedness components, including: 1) epidemiological surveillance (contact tracing, capacities at PoEs, and laboratory incorporated); 2) case management and Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) including psycho-social support, waste management and safe and dignified burials; 3) risk communication and community engagement; 4) vaccination, therapeutics, and research; 5) emergency coordination including budgeting and resource mobilisation; and 6) logistics [10]. cache = ./cache/cord-004639-qwxkn0j0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-004639-qwxkn0j0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-010515-6klurh6a author = Houtrow, Amy title = Addressing Burnout: Symptom Management Versus Treating the Cause date = 2020-05-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1265 sentences = 86 flesch = 58 summary = What is the optimal way to address what appears to be a growing pattern of burnout among pediatric providers, subject to administrative and productivity burdens, while they care for pediatric patients, who themselves often have expensive and complex, multi-system diseases? To treat the disease effectively, we should recognize that burnout in health care has an important cause: moral injury. 11 The implication is that health care providers who experience burnout (over half of us) are not mindful enough or not resilient enough. 9 Although mindfulness practices, relaxation techniques, exercise, and the like will still have a role in the management of burnout, what we really need is collective action to promote clinician well-being that helps health care providers carry out their lives' work--to provide the best possible care to the patients and communities whom we serve. cache = ./cache/cord-010515-6klurh6a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-010515-6klurh6a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-006163-37bnj3s3 author = Blouin, Chantal title = Global health diplomacy for obesity prevention: Lessons from tobacco control date = 2010-06-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3484 sentences = 198 flesch = 43 summary = Negotiation of the Framework convention on tobacco control provides an apt example from global health diplomacy to tackle diet-related chronic diseases. WHO member states were able to come to an agreement on tobacco control, and therefore it is possible that other factors, including common challenges for regulating the industry, can provide sufficient impetus for success in global health diplomacy for chronic disease prevention. To address the problems related to global marketing and advertising of tobacco products and the pressure from multinationals on national governments to curb regulatory actions, the WHO and its member governments, supported by a number of non-governmental actors, promoted the development of a multilateral treaty. 26 Based on these lessons, we conclude that global health diplomacy for obesity prevention requires a much higher level of mobilisation of political leaders, civil society organisations, governments and non-state actors in developing countries, and engagement with the many private actors in the agri-food industries before healthy diet proponents are ready to negotiate a treaty similar to the FCTC. cache = ./cache/cord-006163-37bnj3s3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-006163-37bnj3s3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-001343-3euy4u9k author = Wang, Yadong title = A Multi-Method Approach to Curriculum Development for In-Service Training in China’s Newly Established Health Emergency Response Offices date = 2014-06-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4088 sentences = 161 flesch = 40 summary = In recognition of the national need for an in-service program to target the''level four'' health staff as defined by WADEM, i.e.'h ealth workers who played lead roles in disaster health management'' [20] , China's Ministry of Health (MoH) commissioned the Capital Medical University in 2010 to develop and implement a competency-based curriculum to help strengthen the performance of the new cadre of HERO staff. We assessed tasks, roles and responsibilities, and training needs of HERO staff through face-to-face interviews of eleven experienced key informants; they included health emergency experts from the government, the military and the academic sector, and senior staff of HEROs. We also explored their awareness of existing training activities and the associated relative strengths and weaknesses, their preferences on modes of curriculum delivery and the optimal duration of in-service training. cache = ./cache/cord-001343-3euy4u9k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-001343-3euy4u9k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-001400-ie22xisg author = Zhong, Shuang title = Progress and challenges of disaster health management in China: a scoping review date = 2014-09-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6121 sentences = 302 flesch = 44 summary = However, there remain challenges that hinder effective health disaster responses, including low standards of disaster-resistant infrastructure safety, the lack of specific disaster plans, poor emergency coordination between hospitals, lack of portable diagnostic equipment and underdeveloped triage skills, surge capacity, and psychological interventions. Additional challenges include the fragmentation of the emergency health service system, a lack of specific legislation for emergencies, disparities in the distribution of funding, and inadequate cost-effective considerations for disaster rescue. The research inclusion criteria were: 1) journal articles, governmental and institutional reports written in English or Chinese in the past two decades; 2) studies comprising relevant evaluations of the status or description of the progress and challenges of disaster management (i.e. disaster prevention, preparedness, responsiveness, and recovery) of the healthcare system in China; and 3) other jurisdictions that had direct relevance to disaster health management in China (e.g. disaster healthcare management, disaster medical responses, emergency medical care, and emergency healthcare systems). cache = ./cache/cord-001400-ie22xisg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-001400-ie22xisg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-001038-91uj6sph author = Mirza, Nabila title = Steps to a Sustainable Public Health Surveillance Enterprise A Commentary from the International Society for Disease Surveillance date = 2013-07-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2821 sentences = 167 flesch = 41 summary = This paper presents the recommendations of the Sustainable Surveillance Workgroup convened by the International Society for Disease Surveillance (ISDS) to identify strategies for building, strengthening, and maintaining surveillance systems that are equipped to provide data continuity and to handle both established and new data sources and public health surveillance practices. Public health surveillance is defined as, "the systematic and ongoing collection, management, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of information for the purpose of informing the actions of public health decision makers." 3 In addition to providing information about the health status of our communities, surveillance is a foundation of emergency preparedness, food safety, infectious disease outbreak prevention and control, chronic disease assessments, and other key areas that protect the health, economy, and security of the public. cache = ./cache/cord-001038-91uj6sph.txt txt = ./txt/cord-001038-91uj6sph.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-001757-q41o6nxs author = Ruscio, Bruce A. title = One Health – a strategy for resilience in a changing arctic date = 2015-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3695 sentences = 184 flesch = 38 summary = A regional network of diverse stakeholder and transdisciplinary specialists from circumpolar nations and Indigenous groups can advance the understanding of complex climate-driven health risks and provide community-based strategies for early identification, prevention and adaption of health risks in human, animals and environment. Understanding the health risks of climate change in the Arctic will require scientists, policy makers, communities and public health experts to collaborate beyond the confines of their disciplines and borders, and One Health provides an approach to detect the emergence of climate-sensitive health threats in the region. The implications of health risks Á to Arctic populations and those beyond Á calls for broad and diverse stakeholder collaborations to advance the fundamental understanding of emerging health threats, and the development of shared initiatives that decrease vulnerabilities of human and animal communities and the environment. cache = ./cache/cord-001757-q41o6nxs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-001757-q41o6nxs.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-006100-zvb7bxix author = Connolly, John title = The “wicked problems” of governing UK health security disaster prevention: The case of pandemic influenza date = 2015-06-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6375 sentences = 244 flesch = 43 summary = The paper also serves to identify that although contingencies management for epidemiological issues require technical and scientific considerations to feature in governance arrangements, equally there are key "wicked problems" in the context public policy that pervade the health security sector. There are studies which consider crisis management, resilience and risk in the context of UK public policy (e.g. McConnell, 2003; Drennan and McConnell, 2006; Brassett et al., 2013) , however, there are very few case-based research studies which illustrate crisis and disaster governance challenges from the perspective of those institutions and policy actors that are responsible for managing such "wicked problems" from a macro-level policy position. The wicked problem of UK territorial governance UK policy actors (i.e. in Scottish and UK governments) in the area of health security have highlighted the domestic state-level challenges of managing planning for pandemic disease within UK borders and the political dimensions to this process. cache = ./cache/cord-006100-zvb7bxix.txt txt = ./txt/cord-006100-zvb7bxix.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-005080-r01ii1bu author = Butler, Colin D. title = Human Health, Well-Being, and Global Ecological Scenarios date = 2005-02-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5041 sentences = 255 flesch = 45 summary = This article categorizes four kinds of adverse effects to human health caused by ecosystem change: direct, mediated, modulated, and systems failure. For example, O'Reilly and others (2003) concludes, in discussing the potential for further reduction in the ecosystem provisioning service of Lake Tanganyika, that ''the human implications of such subtle, but progressive, environmental changes are potentially dire in this densely populated region of the world, where large lakes are essential natural resources for regional economies.'' Ecosystem services as a significant element in state failure may be underrecognized due to our tendency to discount the future possibility of thresholds or emergence. We have explored how ecosystem services impact human health and have proposed that adverse ecological changes can interact and feedback with dysfunctional social responses, leading to the development of states that we have termed mediated and systems failure. cache = ./cache/cord-005080-r01ii1bu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-005080-r01ii1bu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-009402-fmg6hdm0 author = Chia, Terkuma title = Human Health Versus Human Rights: An Emerging Ethical Dilemma Arising From Coronavirus Disease Pandemic date = 2020-04-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 869 sentences = 62 flesch = 46 summary = title: Human Health Versus Human Rights: An Emerging Ethical Dilemma Arising From Coronavirus Disease Pandemic Notwithstanding that ethical considerations are at the core of planning and implementation in such public health emergencies [2] [3] [4] , the adherence to these regulations and guidelines in reality is problematic. Abuse of individual's rights is known to occur when ethical principles reasonable support from the general public thereby minimizing unpleasant consequences [7] . On this basis perhaps, the World Health Organization (WHO) advised against travel restrictions in the current coronavirus pandemic [8] . The WHO's International Health Regulations (IHR) stipulates how nations could address the global spread of disease and without interfering with human activities [2] . Isolation, quarantine, social distancing and community containment: pivotal role for old-style public health measures in the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Outbreak Planning for pandemic: a new model for governing public health emergencies Public health strategies for pandemic influenza: ethics and the law cache = ./cache/cord-009402-fmg6hdm0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-009402-fmg6hdm0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-015552-pm9kdqdw author = Kreuder-Sonnen, Christian title = China vs the WHO: a behavioural norm conflict in the SARS crisis date = 2019-05-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8263 sentences = 390 flesch = 46 summary = On the one hand, the established norm of sovereignty, particularly the principle of non-interference, had structured a regime for dealing with infectious disease outbreaks that provided ground rules of conduct but ascribed decision-making authority to member states alone. 33 This sediment of the unfinished IHR revision process reveals the limited degree to which the emerging norm of global health security had been accepted prior to the SARS outbreak: the powers conferred upon the WHO to deal with infectious disease outbreaks remained extremely limited and-apart from the outbreak information issue-mostly subject to member-state agreement. 35 This section of the article analyses the actions of China and the WHO during the SARS crisis as representing a behavioural norm conflict over the relative priority of sovereignty and global health security. cache = ./cache/cord-015552-pm9kdqdw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-015552-pm9kdqdw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-004407-f3lr0lwj author = nan title = Plans and prospects for the 2020s: Beyond peak health? date = 2020-02-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 538 sentences = 33 flesch = 53 summary = The PLOS Medicine editors discuss prospects for health and development in the coming decade. Although it seems that a global peak has not yet, and may never be, reached, one can imagine that the consequences of progressive oil scarcity could be dramatic, leading to challenging readjustments of societies and economies to develop alternative sources of energy and reduce reliance on environmentally damaging fuels. Despite the positive vision embodied by the SDGs, could "peak health" have already been reached? Although the analogy with peak oil may be debatable, there are signs that life expectancy in the United States and United Kingdom has reached a plateau, and may be declining [8] . We must hope that progress in population health does not slip into reverse gear in the coming decades, driven by factors that could include the transition to non-communicable diseases, vaccine hesitancy, environmental stressors, and anticipated but unpredictable hazards such as antimicrobial resistance. cache = ./cache/cord-004407-f3lr0lwj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-004407-f3lr0lwj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-008855-hahqwt5x author = Alwan, Ala title = Responding to priority health challenges in the Arab world date = 2014-01-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1900 sentences = 103 flesch = 56 summary = The Arab world today faces major challenges to health development, which are captured by papers in this Series. With support from WHO, and working closely with the World Bank and other partners, countries are beginning to develop a vision, Responding to priority health challenges in the Arab world I owe special thanks to a large network of Arab scientists who have contributed to this Series. The response of countries to the very clear road map for addressing non-communicable diseases outlined in the global strategy 6 and the Political Declaration of the United Nations General Assembly 7 of September, 2011, is, so far, inadequate. Collective action and solidarity are needed to deliver health services to refugees and host communities, and to increase the resilience of countries to emergencies and ensure eff ective public health responses during crises. Responding to priority health challenges in the Arab world cache = ./cache/cord-008855-hahqwt5x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-008855-hahqwt5x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-004531-agvg719f author = Schröder-Bäck, P. title = Ethische Aspekte eines Influenzapandemiemanagements und Schlussfolgerungen für die Gesundheitspolitik: Ein Überblick date = 2008-02-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5046 sentences = 654 flesch = 44 summary = Der mögliche Ausbruch einer Pandemie mit einem neuartigen Influenza-A-Virus (im Folgenden kurz: Influenzapandemie) beschäftigt Public Health, die Öffentlichkeit und auch die Politik in den letzten Jahren vermehrt. Sie sollen sicherstellen, dass im Pandemiefall die gesundheitlichen Schäden der Bevölkerung gering gehalten werden und das öffentliche Leben so weit wie möglich aufrechterhalten wird, sodass nach einer Pandemie eine schnelle Rückkehr in den geordneten Alltag möglich wird. Die ethischen Herausforderungen bei einer Influenzapandemie liegen also vor allem darin, dass mögliche Public-Health-Maßnahmen zum Schutz der Bevölkerung individuelle Freiheiten einschränken können [16] . h. bereits in der Vorbereitung auf eine Pandemie, mit den ethischen Implikationen einer solchen auseinanderzusetzen und ethisches Urteilen bei der Weiterentwicklung von Maßnahmenkatalogen zu berücksichtigen. Die ärztliche Expertise und der heilberufliche Auftrag reichen allein nicht aus, den Herausforderungen im Falle einer befürchteten oder auch tatsächlichen Pandemie zu begegnen und gesamtgesellschaftliche Public-Health-Probleme zu lösen. cache = ./cache/cord-004531-agvg719f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-004531-agvg719f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-008926-ntv18e1s author = Han, Qide title = China and global health date = 2008-10-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1902 sentences = 108 flesch = 54 summary = China is a substantial part of virtually all global health challenges: the prevalence of chronic cardiovascular diseases and cancers; re-emergence of infectious threats such as avian infl uenza; nutritional transitions due to changing food, diet, and physical activity; and new environmental and behavioural threats. Finally, China's customary reserved role in international institutions is changing as the country assumes more global responsibilities, especially in peace and social sectors such as health. 1 The Chinese Government recognises these challenges and has announced the Healthy China 2020 initiative to reform disease prevention and health promotion, health-care services, pharmaceutical policies, and health insurance. 5, 6 China has a unique opportunity to mobilise its resources and to harness global knowledge to achieve advances in health, compressing the time and reducing the scale of the disease burden that many other developed countries have had. [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] How China fares is important not only for Chinese people but also for the global health community. cache = ./cache/cord-008926-ntv18e1s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-008926-ntv18e1s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-004017-gcmpatlb author = Errecaborde, Kaylee Myhre title = Factors that enable effective One Health collaborations - A scoping review of the literature date = 2019-12-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9215 sentences = 458 flesch = 34 summary = The review identified 12 factors that support successful One Health collaborations and a coordinated response to health events across three levels: two individual factors (education & training and prior experience & existing relationships), four organizational factors (organizational structures, culture, human resources and, communication), and six network factors (network structures, relationships, leadership, management, available & accessible resources, political environment). In this study, a multidisciplinary team of researchers reviewed a broad scope of literature describing collaborative and multi-sectoral approaches to past health events to understand how such collaborations are commonly described and evaluated and to identify and synthesize enabling factors for One Health collaborations. Starting condition factors reported to enable collaboration at the network level included network structures, existing relationships, available resources in the face of a health event, and the political environment in place to support these efforts. cache = ./cache/cord-004017-gcmpatlb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-004017-gcmpatlb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-007118-fo2lq1sb author = Zakaria, Nasriah title = Development of Saudi e-health literacy scale for chronic diseases in Saudi Arabia: using integrated health literacy dimensions date = 2018-03-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3217 sentences = 172 flesch = 49 summary = Despite evidence of high IT use, there is no published evidence about whether the Saudi population is using IT to obtain health information or make decisions, especially regarding NCDs such as diabetes, cardiovascular issues and hypertension. In this study, we describe the development of a Saudi e-health literacy scale (SeHL) for measuring e-health literacy among Saudis suffering from NCDs, especially diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. We were able to aggregate a scale that measures e-health literacy based on four dimensions: decision making, information seeking, confidence, and use of media and technology. We did this by reviewing previous studies in health literacy and e-health literacy and by conducting workshops to propose a new scale suitable for measuring e-health literacy levels among the Saudi population. In terms of the public health field, this e-health literacy research can help organization build a better patient education system that would promote prevention of NCDs. This study also analyzed literacy dimensions identified in other wellknown scales in AlSayah et al. cache = ./cache/cord-007118-fo2lq1sb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-007118-fo2lq1sb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-002230-rtlygovi author = Martineau, Fred P. title = People-centred health systems: building more resilient health systems in the wake of the Ebola crisis date = 2016-09-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1732 sentences = 91 flesch = 42 summary = Many post-Ebola health system strengthening programmes are framed around a notion of health system 'resilience' that focuses on global rather than local priorities and fails to account for key local social dynamics that shape crisis responses. 5 For health system strengthening initiatives to genuinely improve how health systems respond to major epidemics, commonly framed as building health system 'resilience', they must therefore understand and address the complex and-crucially-locally constituted relationships and structures that shape how different actors respond to crises in practice. For example, actions taken at a national or global level to contain Ebola virus disease transmission often have paradoxically negative consequences for people's capacity to withstand or engage with other threats to wellbeing at a local level, in particular non-Ebola health threats, economic opportunities and social cohesion that are a very real threat to survival. cache = ./cache/cord-002230-rtlygovi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-002230-rtlygovi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-016704-99v4brjf author = Nicholson, Felicity title = Infectious Diseases: The Role of the Forensic Physician date = 2005 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 14635 sentences = 861 flesch = 57 summary = The risk of exposure to infections, particularly blood-borne viruses (BBVs), can be minimized by adopting measures that are considered good practice in the United Kingdom, the United States, and Australia (1) (2) (3) . Studies of prisoners in western countries have shown a higher prevalence of antibodies to HBV and other BBVs than the general population (12) (13) (14) ; the most commonly reported risk factor is intravenous drug use. HBIG is given in conjunction with the first dose of vaccine to individuals who are deemed at high risk of acquiring disease and the incident occurred within 72 hours of presentation. In 1998, 56% of reported cases were from people born outside the United Kingdom and 3% were associated with HIV infection (70, 71) . Those in contact with disease (either through exposure at home or from an infected detainee) should receive prophylactic treatment as soon as possible (see Subheading 8.3.7.). cache = ./cache/cord-016704-99v4brjf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-016704-99v4brjf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-005159-6agnsbyd author = Turner, Bryan Stanley title = Vulnerability, diversity and scarcity: on universal rights date = 2013-07-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5734 sentences = 272 flesch = 41 summary = We argue that bioethics has a universal range because it relates to three shared human characteristics,—human vulnerability, institutional precariousness and scarcity of resources. The generic concepts of 'ethics of rights' and 'ethics of duties' (Patrão Neves 2009)-found implicitly in most official bioethics documents-can be viewed as two relevant ideas for a sociological study of human rights and global health policy. We argue that bioethics has a universal range because it relates to three shared human characteristics,-human vulnerability, institutional precariousness and scarcity of resources. We defend the idea some conditions such as human vulnerability, precariousness institutions and scarcity of resources, are common to human societies and can serve as a grounding for future research in bioethics. In its report on the Principle of respect for human vulnerability and personal integrity, the International Bioethics Committee notably indicates that the 'most significant worldwide barrier to improving the levels of attainment of health through health care interventions is the scarcity of resources' (UNESCO 2011: 29) . cache = ./cache/cord-005159-6agnsbyd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-005159-6agnsbyd.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-016387-ju4130bq author = Last, John title = A Brief History of Advances Toward Health date = 2005 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5464 sentences = 252 flesch = 53 summary = From time to time, this steady drain on long life and good health was punctuated by great and terrifying epidemics-smallpox, typhus, influenza, and, most terrible of all, the plague, or the "black death." The causes of these periodic devastations, the contributing reasons to why they happened, were a mystery. After Fracastorius, the pathfinders on the road to health became numerous, but mention here will be made of only a handful of public health heroes: Paracelsus, John Graunt, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Bernardino Ramazzini, James Lind, Edward Jenner, Johann Peter Frank, John Snow, Ignaz Semmelweiss, and Louis Pasteur. Many others belong in their company: The great German pathologist Rudolph Virchow recognized that political action as well as rational science are necessary to initiate effective action to control public health problems; Edwin Chadwick and Lemuel Shattuck reported on the appalling sanitary conditions associated with the unacceptably high infant and child death rates that prevailed in 19 th century industrial towns; William Farr established vital statistics in England as a model for other nations to follow. cache = ./cache/cord-016387-ju4130bq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-016387-ju4130bq.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-011700-ljc5ywy2 author = Hamaguchi, Ryoko title = Picture of a pandemic: visual aids in the COVID-19 crisis date = 2020-06-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1333 sentences = 59 flesch = 34 summary = As a global crisis, COVID-19 has underscored the challenge of disseminating evidence-based public health recommendations amidst a rapidly evolving, often uncensored information ecosystem—one fueled in part by an unprecedented degree of connected afforded through social media. Visual communication offers a creative and practical medium to bridge critical health literacy gaps, empower diverse patient communities through evidence-based information and facilitate public health advocacy during this pandemic and the 'new normal' that lies ahead. While frontline clinicians and innovative researchers continue to work tirelessly, effective management of this pandemic requires engagement of the public if we are to curb further rises in cases and safely enter a 'new normal.' However, despite the unprecedented connectedness that we are afforded in 2020, disseminating useful, accurate public health information has emerged as a major challenge-one exacerbated by the exponential growth of unverified COVID-19-related information on social media platforms. However, there remains a need for simple illustrated resources that consolidate key public health messages and validated clinical evidence into compact visual aids-especially those that can be seamlessly disseminated through social media outlets to reach diverse patient communities. cache = ./cache/cord-011700-ljc5ywy2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-011700-ljc5ywy2.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-004256-83crtevc author = Moreno Sancho, Federico title = Development of a tool to assess oral health-related quality of life in patients hospitalised in critical care date = 2019-10-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4786 sentences = 226 flesch = 51 summary = title: Development of a tool to assess oral health-related quality of life in patients hospitalised in critical care AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: Oral health deteriorates following hospitalisation in critical care units (CCU) but there are no validated measures to assess effects on oral health-related quality of life (OHQoL). A major limiting factor to further research is the absence of a validated tool to measure oral health-related quality of life in CCU patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop and validate a suitable tool to assess the impact of critical care on oral health-related quality of life (OHQoL) and to investigate patient-reported outcome measures of OHQoL in patients hospitalised in a CCU. cache = ./cache/cord-004256-83crtevc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-004256-83crtevc.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-001506-2gzi3fo9 author = Davies, Jane title = “Only your blood can tell the story” – a qualitative research study using semi- structured interviews to explore the hepatitis B related knowledge, perceptions and experiences of remote dwelling Indigenous Australians and their health care providers in northern Australia date = 2014-11-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7641 sentences = 317 flesch = 41 summary = title: "Only your blood can tell the story" – a qualitative research study using semistructured interviews to explore the hepatitis B related knowledge, perceptions and experiences of remote dwelling Indigenous Australians and their health care providers in northern Australia The aim of this research project was to explore the knowledge, perceptions and experiences of remote dwelling Indigenous adults and their health care providers relating to hepatitis B infection with a view to using this as the evidence base to develop a culturally appropriate educational tool. All participants were shown two existing resources; an animation about the liver and its function (chosen as it was part of an electronic education package targeted at Indigenous Australians) and a flip chart, (developed in Victoria, Australia, intended for use in the clinic setting and aimed mainly at Asian individuals) about hepatitis B and asked to comment on them as a way of generating ideas/preferences for any future educational tool. cache = ./cache/cord-001506-2gzi3fo9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-001506-2gzi3fo9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-008219-ng9xb46c author = Lassmann, Britta title = Highlights from the 6(th) International Meeting on Emerging Diseases and Surveillance (IMED 2016) Vienna, Austria from Nov 3 to 7, 2016 date = 2016-12-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2518 sentences = 131 flesch = 47 summary = c o m / l o c a t e / i j i d During the oral abstract presentation session on One Health -Diseases Across Species Boundaries, Toph Allen from EcoHealth Alliance and colleagues shared results from an updated model assessing the global distribution of zoonotic emerging infectious disease risk. Professor [ 1 7 _ T D $ D I F F ] Daniel Lucey summarized the commissions' recommendations including the importance of strengthening national health systems, consolidating and strengthening World Health Organization (WHO) emergency and outbreak response activities, and enhancing research and development. In a separate session, the challenges posed by climate change on infectious disease outbreaks and how to best prevent and track diseases in mobile populations were discussed. The importance of the food chain as a source for emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance between animals and humans was highlighted in a nation-wide study in Lebanon. cache = ./cache/cord-008219-ng9xb46c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-008219-ng9xb46c.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-011818-z89m8dur author = Ki, Jison title = Association between Health Problems and Turnover Intention in Shift Work Nurses: Health Problem Clustering date = 2020-06-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5351 sentences = 280 flesch = 55 summary = Using multiple ordinal logistic regressions analysis, it was shown that sleep disturbance, depression, fatigue, a gastrointestinal disorder, and leg or foot discomfort as a single health problem significantly increased turnover intention. In this study, we used data collected from October 2018 to January 2019 (NRN T1, n = 204) and from March 2018 to May 2018 (ERN T1, n = 300) to analyze the association between health problems and turnover intention among shift work nurses. In this analysis, we defined shift work as a In this study, we used data collected from October 2018 to January 2019 (NRN T1, n = 204) and from March 2018 to May 2018 (ERN T1, n = 300) to analyze the association between health problems and turnover intention among shift work nurses. The SWNHT study questionnaire included questions regarding general and job-related characteristics, health-related variables (e.g., dietary habits, menstrual symptoms, exposure to blood and body fluid, sleep, fatigue, depression, physical activity, etc.), occupational stress, presenteeism, and turnover intention. cache = ./cache/cord-011818-z89m8dur.txt txt = ./txt/cord-011818-z89m8dur.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-012583-n7zxbuf8 author = O’Kane, Gabrielle title = Telehealth—Improving access for rural, regional and remote communities date = 2020-08-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1325 sentences = 66 flesch = 46 summary = Over the past few years, the Alliance has been advocating for improvements to digital health capability and greater access to telehealth services for rural, regional and remote communities. 4, 5 One study showed that telehealth can be successfully applied to the management of patients with a spinal fracture, which allowed the patient to be cared for in their local rural hospital and offered opportunities for allied health professionals to upskill and work to their full scope of practice, while also providing cost efficiencies for the health service. 3 The Alliance would certainly support such measures, but there must also be resources put towards improving digital health literacy for both consumers and health care providers so that all Australians can be enabled to make optimal use of digital and telehealth services. cache = ./cache/cord-012583-n7zxbuf8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-012583-n7zxbuf8.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-011992-jgw3nat2 author = Srinivas, Prashanth Nuggehalli title = “Together we move a mountain”: celebrating a decade of the Emerging Voices for Global Health network date = 2020-07-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2161 sentences = 87 flesch = 50 summary = The EV4GH programme deliberately selects a cohort of 30-40 early career researchers in health systems, living or working in lowincome and middle-income countries and with an interest to engage critically on global health issues that have local relevance within their country/local health systems. The collective engagement every 2 years during the biennial global health systems symposia enables community-building and several EV4GH alumni have taken on leadership roles within our network and within the broader HPSR community and beyond. Some have become elected members of the HSG board, and others have taken the lead in managing other thematic working groups within HSG, and many others participate actively in other regional and global events while coordinating with fellow EV4GH alumni in such fora, leveraging the membership in the network to seek wider change in the health systems and global health community. cache = ./cache/cord-011992-jgw3nat2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-011992-jgw3nat2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-004204-cpub9oah author = D’Cunha, Colin title = SARS: Lessons Learned from a Provincial Perspective date = 2004-01-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1538 sentences = 93 flesch = 55 summary = T o say that SARS was a unique threat, and one that challenged public health and the entire health system in Ontario could be viewed as somewhat of an understatement. Never had the modern public health or the health care system been put to such a test or been put under such pressure to respond as during the two phases of SARS outbreaks earlier this year. The very uniqueness and stress that the SARS outbreaks placed on our system inevitably revealed the weaknesses and the areas where change or fortification in our public health defenses was needed in order for us to meet successfully future challenges. Funding for public health services in Ontario is based on a mixed model with municipal and provincial partners contributing to the funding. Other public health professionals should be cross-trained in communicable disease management to create additional surge capacity. A Report of the National Advisory Committee on SARS and Public Health cache = ./cache/cord-004204-cpub9oah.txt txt = ./txt/cord-004204-cpub9oah.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-017224-naromr0a author = McLeish, Caitriona title = Evolving Biosecurity Frameworks date = 2016-12-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6005 sentences = 257 flesch = 44 summary = The relationship between infectious disease and security concerns has undergone an evolution since the end of the Cold War. What was previously seen as two separate domains – public health and national security – have, through various events and disease outbreaks in the last 15 years, become intertwined and as a result biosecurity policies now need to address a spectrum of disease threats that encompass natural outbreaks, accidental releases and the deliberate use of disease as weapons. Calling it niche is not to say that bioterrorism had not been considered a security threat prior to 2001many commentators had noted the potential (see for example Stern, 1993; Tucker, 1996 Tucker, , 2000 Moodie and Roberts, 1997; Smithson and Levy, 2000) ; table top exercises had been conducted, domestic preparedness programmes initiated (Guillemin, 2011, p7) , and in countries such as the US, policy directives had been crafted that gave the highest priority to "developing effective capabilities to detect, prevent, defeat and manage the consequences of nuclear, biological or chemical materials or weapons use by terrorists" (United States, 1995) . cache = ./cache/cord-017224-naromr0a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-017224-naromr0a.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-010326-9xf2luzi author = Zheng, Ya-Li title = Unobtrusive Sensing and Wearable Devices for Health Informatics date = 2014-03-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 11540 sentences = 579 flesch = 41 summary = This paper aims to provide an overview of four emerging unobtrusive and wearable technologies, which are essential to the realization of pervasive health information acquisition, including: 1) unobtrusive sensing methods, 2) smart textile technology, 3) flexible-stretchable-printable electronics, and 4) sensor fusion, and then to identify some future directions of research. A variety of unobtrusive wearable devices have been developed by different research teams as shown in Fig. 4 : the watchtype BP device [3] , clip-free eyeglasses-based device for heart rate and PTT measurement [37] , shoe-mounted system for the assessment of foot and ankle dynamics [53] , ECG necklace for long-term cardiac activity monitoring [54] , h-Shirt for heart rate and BP measurement [55] , an ear-worn activity and gait monitoring device [56] , glove-based photonic textiles as wearable pulse oximeter [57] , a strain sensor assembled on stocking for motion monitoring [58] , and a ring-type device for heart rate and temperature measurement [59] . cache = ./cache/cord-010326-9xf2luzi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-010326-9xf2luzi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-004203-mkr7n1i0 author = Mah, Catherine L. title = What’s Public? What’s Private?: Policy Trade-offs and the Debate Over Mandatory Annual Influenza Vaccination for Health Care Workers date = 2008-05-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2237 sentences = 149 flesch = 46 summary = What's Private?: Policy Trade-offs and the Debate Over Mandatory Annual Influenza Vaccination for Health Care Workers In the debate over mandatory annual influenza vaccination for health care workers, for example, proponents as well as opponents of mandatory vaccination may convey arguments in security terms. Determining the place of mandatory influenza vaccination for health care workers thus demands reconciling policy trade-offs and clarifying the underlying disputes hidden in the language of the policy debate. The following commentary addresses the policy challenges represented in the language used by proponents and opponents of mandatory annual influenza vaccination for health care workers, in an attempt to shed light on this heated debate. In terms of language, proponents as well as opponents of mandatory vaccination may convey their arguments in security terms; proponents emphasize subclinical infections among workers and duty of care (public security) while opponents emphasize risk of adverse events (personal security/negative liberty). cache = ./cache/cord-004203-mkr7n1i0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-004203-mkr7n1i0.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-016160-ugc7ce21 author = Ching, Frank title = Bird Flu, SARS and Beyond date = 2018-03-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 19410 sentences = 1034 flesch = 62 summary = At the end of 2002, unknown to anyone in Hong Kong, another deadly virus was circulating in neighboring Guangdong Province, propagating a disease that had no name but which was preliminarily dubbed atypical pneumonia in China and later renamed Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, or SARS, by the World Health Organization. And now it's been identified by all the other laboratories." 76 Also, just as Hong Kong University publicized its breakthrough before the CDC's announcement, so the university was able to get its scientific discovery into print first, with the publication of a paper in the online Lancet on April 8, 2003, "Coronavirus as a possible cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome." The success was very much the result of a group effort, as the list of authors shows, with Malik Peiris as the lead writer, K.Y. Yuen as the last writer and others, including Guan Yi, Leo Poon, John Nicholls and K.H. Chan, in between. cache = ./cache/cord-016160-ugc7ce21.txt txt = ./txt/cord-016160-ugc7ce21.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-017315-3mxkfvvu author = de Leeuw, Evelyne title = From Urban Projects to Healthy City Policies date = 2016-09-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 12314 sentences = 534 flesch = 43 summary = This chapter argues that to put health high on local social and political agendas necessarily means to transcend project-based work, and move into lasting programme and policy development. • To reorient health services towards a broader, participatory, and health-promoting position in society at any level • To create supportive social, economic, natural, and built environments to create and sustain health promotion and to address the determinants of health equitably • To invest in personal skills and community action to drive and complement these actions • To build healthy public policy, recognizing that health is created across many sectors in society that all have the potential to enhance institutional, community, and personal health Building on a strong foundation in the various political statements on Healthy Cities over the years and most recently in the Athens Declaration (Tsouros 2015) , local governments work with diverse stakeholders from the public and civil society sectors to develop such policies. cache = ./cache/cord-017315-3mxkfvvu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-017315-3mxkfvvu.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-002885-dhdyxnr3 author = Den Boon, Saskia title = Incorporating health workers’ perspectives into a WHO guideline on personal protective equipment developed during an Ebola virus disease outbreak date = 2018-03-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8410 sentences = 400 flesch = 54 summary = The objective of this study was to understand frontline physicians' and nurses' perspectives about personal protective equipment (PPE) use during the 2014-2016 EVD outbreak in West Africa and to incorporate these findings into the development process of a WHO rapid advice guideline. The specific objectives were to understand and describe frontline physician and nurses' perspectives about PPE use, while providing direct care for EVD patients in the unprecedented conditions of the 2014-2016 EVD outbreak in West Africa and to incorporate these findings into the rapid advice guideline development process. The findings of the survey were presented at the guideline development meeting and incorporated into evidence-to-decision tables (Supplementary File 2) to inform the formulation of recommendations for PPE components in the context of an EVD outbreak. We developed the study protocol, obtained WHO ethics approval, contacted the participants, delivered the survey, analysed the data, and presented the findings as part of the evidence-to-decision tables at the expert panel meeting where the recommendations were formulated in a period of 8 weeks. cache = ./cache/cord-002885-dhdyxnr3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-002885-dhdyxnr3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-004973-yqcc54iv author = Reitmanova, Sylvia title = “Disease-Breeders” Among Us: Deconstructing Race and Ethnicity as Risk Factors of Immigrant Ill Health date = 2009-07-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3425 sentences = 202 flesch = 53 summary = This work deconstructs the notion of race and ethnicity as risk factors for immigrant ill health, which is prevalent in current medical research and practice, by tracing its roots in Canadian history. Therefore, in this work I would like to deconstruct the notion of race and ethnicity as risk factors for ill health and, as well, elaborate on the relevance of these epidemiological categories to medicine and society. 30 Recent research provides sound evidence that negative health discourses about immigrants are readily present in the Western world even today, 31, 32, 33, 34 whether they concern the Ebola virus of black Africans, 35 the SARS of the Chinese, 36 or the overreproduction of Latinas, 37 which all threaten in different ways the highly regarded and healthy bodies of white Canadians, Britons, or Americans respectively. cache = ./cache/cord-004973-yqcc54iv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-004973-yqcc54iv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-010128-op36qshp author = Dar, Osman title = Tempering the risk: Rift Valley fever and bioterrorism date = 2013-03-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2113 sentences = 106 flesch = 48 summary = Such measures are likely to act as a disincentive amongst scientists wanting to study the virus and could ultimately serve to drive experts to dedicate their efforts to other pathogens with fewer working restrictions (Animal & Plant Health Inspection Service, Centre for Disease Control & Prevention 2005 , 2011 . The resulting monopolies on expert technical knowledge and skills not only delays progress in developing new therapies The potential risks of RVFV to animal health are indeed significant and so the deliberate release of the agent would have indirect health effects on human populations through the destruction of the livestock industry in particular. RVFV with its low mortality and relatively low human-to-Box 1: US CDC and NIAID categorisation of bioterrorism agents and biodefense priority pathogens. Category A pathogens are those organisms/biological agents that pose the highest risk to national security and public health because they • Can be easily disseminated or transmitted from person to person; cache = ./cache/cord-010128-op36qshp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-010128-op36qshp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-016141-mtxdn5ks author = Oppong, Joseph R. title = From Medical Geography to Computational Epidemiology – Dynamics of Tuberculosis Transmission in Enclosed Spaces date = 2006 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3488 sentences = 180 flesch = 39 summary = By enabling the simultaneous examination of multiple factors associated with disease linked by location, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) facilitate medical geography research. While GIS has enabled Medical Geographers to address previously inconceivable complex health-related phenomena, their ability to deal with the dynamic processes of disease transmission among population groups, which usually requires complex interactions among numerous variables, is quite limited. Although the role of Epidemiologists and Medical Geographers has become more pronounced in light of public health threats, computational tools that would enhance quality of information, facilitate prediction, and accelerate the generation of answers to specific questions are still lacking. This may include models of Tuberculosis (TB) outbreaks in different environments (homeless shelters, factories etc.), a West Nile Virus outbreak in a specific geographic region, or the progression of infectious diseases such as measles in the United States. cache = ./cache/cord-016141-mtxdn5ks.txt txt = ./txt/cord-016141-mtxdn5ks.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-009234-v4wlz3fa author = Merianos, Angela title = International Health Regulations (2005) date = 2005-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1895 sentences = 101 flesch = 40 summary = 6 The purpose and scope of the IHR (2005) are to prevent, protect against, control, and provide a public-health response to the international spread of disease in ways that are commensurate with and restricted to publichealth risks, while avoiding unnecessary interference with international traffic and trade. Criteria include morbidity, mortality, whether the event is unusual or unexpected, its potential to have a major public-health effect, whether external assistance is needed to detect, investigate, respond, and control the current event, if there is a potential for international spread, or if there is a significant risk to international travel or trade. The revised IHR set out core capacities of a country's preparedness to detect and respond to health threats-early Events detected by national surveillance system Unusual diseases which must be notified: Smallpox Wild poliovirus Human influenza (new subtype) Severe acute respiratory syndrome Any event of potential international public-health concern Known epidemic-prone diseases which must be notified: Cholera Pneumonic plague Viral haemorrhagic fevers Yellow fever West Nile fever Other locally or regionally important diseases If yes to any two of these questions cache = ./cache/cord-009234-v4wlz3fa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-009234-v4wlz3fa.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-006037-we1rp0pa author = Koh, Howard K. title = Leadership in public health date = 2009 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6342 sentences = 405 flesch = 56 summary = In fact, recent years have seen a crescendo of calls to reinvigorate leadership education and training, because "today, the need for leaders is too great to leave their emergence to chance." 3-5 Such leaders could help further social justice and the common good by promoting the values captured in the preamble to the Constitution of the World Health Organization-"the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of every human being." 6 To advance such training, the Association of Schools of Public Health has identified leadership as a core competency area in the Master of Public Health Competency Model for 2007. By working between and above the levels of leadership of self, others and organizations, these transcendent leaders can ultimately shift the paradigm from "no hope" to "new hope" and create a renewed sense of community. cache = ./cache/cord-006037-we1rp0pa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-006037-we1rp0pa.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-016240-2el11d1g author = Cheong, Irene Poh-Ai title = Working Towards A Healthier Brunei date = 2012 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3569 sentences = 199 flesch = 53 summary = Strategies focused on supporting people to embrace a healthier lifestyle through community participation and inter-sectorial collaboration directed at seven priority areas: nutrition, food safety, tobacco control, mental health, physical activity, health environments/settings, and women's health. An example of these health promotion initiatives is a program that teaches healthy lifestyles to selected people with a body mass index of over 30. Descriptions of two relatively recent innovative programs initiated in Brunei with direct or indirect implications for health education follow. Health education programs designed to overcome preventable diseases and solve present and future health problems need to be implemented in such a way that they can bring about positive changes not only in attitudes and beliefs but also in behavior. For example, involving health education personnel in making health reports has proved effective in promoting healthy lifestyle practices (Kwong & Seruji, 2007) . cache = ./cache/cord-016240-2el11d1g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-016240-2el11d1g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-014583-as7o3nt3 author = Osterholm, Michael T. title = Global Health Security—An Unfinished Journey date = 2017-12-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1359 sentences = 65 flesch = 43 summary = This supplement is a timely, comprehensive compendium of the critical work being done by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and various partners to enhance and expand the Global Health Security Agenda. This supplement of Emerging Infectious Diseases is a timely, comprehensive compendium of the critical work being done by CDC and various partners to enhance and expand global health security. Will GHSA and WHO's and CDC's efforts help create a world safer from infectious disease threats and elevate global health security as a priority? Recently, in our book Deadliest Enemy: Our War Against Killer Germs (2), Mark Olshaker and I detailed a 9-point crisis agenda if the world is to minimize, if not eliminate, the risk of catastrophic pandemics, outbreaks of critical regional importance, and intentional use of biologic weapons, including genetically altered pathogens. cache = ./cache/cord-014583-as7o3nt3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-014583-as7o3nt3.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-016840-p3sq99yg author = Bales, Connie Watkins title = Minimizing the Impact of Complex Emergencies on Nutrition and Geriatric Health: Planning for Prevention is Key date = 2008-09-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7275 sentences = 321 flesch = 49 summary = Complex emergencies (CEs) can occur anywhere and are defined as crisis situations that greatly elevate the risk to nutrition and overall health (morbidity and mortality) of older individuals in the affected area. The major underlying threats to nutritional status for older adults during CEs are food insecurity, inadequate social support, and lack of access to health services. Any of a number of crisis situations that greatly elevate the health risk of individuals in the affected area; examples are natural disasters like floods and earthquakes; urban health emergencies like fires, epidemics, and blackouts; and terrorist acts like massive bombings or poisonings of food or water supplies. Examples include natural disasters like floods and earthquakes, urban health emergencies like fires, epidemics and blackouts, and terrorist acts like massive bombings or poisonings of food or water supplies (see Table 29 .2). cache = ./cache/cord-016840-p3sq99yg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-016840-p3sq99yg.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-016105-jkaxemmb author = Nakao, Mutsuhiro title = Prevention and Psychological Intervention in Depression and Stress-Related Conditions date = 2011 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4505 sentences = 202 flesch = 37 summary = Through such quasi experience-based studies, medical students can not only acquire knowledge and develop the desired professional attitudes and behaviors but can also come to learn about the psychological and social problems actually experienced by patients. The case-method approach also offers the advantage of using actual cases to learn about the multidimensional issues involved in various aspects of medical practice, such as drawing on knowledge as the basis of actions, understanding the backgrounds of patients, and maintaining awareness of personal motivations and ethical concerns. Based on the need for these procedures, the proposed problem-solving paradigm includes the following phases: (1) defining the problem, (2) measuring its magnitude, (3) understanding key determinants, (4) developing prevention/intervention strategies, (5) setting policy/priorities, (6) identifying the best solution, and (7) implementing and evaluating the solution. Our experiences with CBT have identified problems with using this approach to treat depression in Japan and have underscored issues that require further consideration to improve the effectiveness of treatment offered in actual clinical settings. cache = ./cache/cord-016105-jkaxemmb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-016105-jkaxemmb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-018024-fzjbdsg0 author = Pellegrino, Edmund D. title = The Good of Patients and the Good of Society: Striking a Moral Balance date = 2004 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8080 sentences = 423 flesch = 54 summary = In previous works we have held that an authentic ethic of clinical medicine must have its roots in a philosophy of medicine in which the good of the patient determines the obligations and virtues of the health professional. We contend that an authentic ethic of social medicine must have its roots in a philosophy of society in which the common good determines the obligations and virtues of the health professional. Physicians and nurses today practice within organizations, institutions, and systems; they are members of interprofessional health care teams and professional associations; access, availability, and distribution of health care has become a question of justice, and fairness; the economic, societal, and political impact of medical decisions have ethical significance, as does the conduct of health care organizations; potential be included under the same rubric. Medicine has always existed within a social context in which the uses of medical knowledge and clinical decisions have impacted the good of society as well as the individual patient. cache = ./cache/cord-018024-fzjbdsg0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-018024-fzjbdsg0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-007532-1fpx9pxs author = Corless, Inge B. title = Expanding nursing's role in responding to global pandemics 5/14/2018 date = 2018-06-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2199 sentences = 101 flesch = 40 summary = authors: Corless, Inge B.; Nardi, Deena; Milstead, Jeri A.; Larson, Elaine; Nokes, Kathleen M.; Orsega, Susan; Kurth, Ann E.; Kirksey, Kenn M.; Woith, Wendy The aim of this Academy policy is to fill this gap by identifying the essential role of nurses and community health workers during the time just prior to the confirmation of a potential epidemic and focuses on the early identification of infectious pathogens and prevention of further transmission. In addition to preparing frontline community workers to promptly identify potential emerging or re-emerging infection, appropriate national nursing councils and public health entities could be charged with the responsibility of developing and sharing early reporting networks. The policy recommendations provided below will strengthen national health security through the enhanced recognition and expansion of the individuals who are initial points of contact in the community as well as the role of nurses and nursing organizations in responding to and preventing potential global pandemics. cache = ./cache/cord-007532-1fpx9pxs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-007532-1fpx9pxs.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-010513-7p07efxo author = Daniels, Norman title = Resource Allocation and Priority Setting date = 2015-08-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 13439 sentences = 702 flesch = 53 summary = The cases in this chapter that discuss resource allocation force us to contemplate decisions about priorities in public health as opposed to the more frequently discussed medical issues about health care priorities. Specifi cally, some mental health conditions require signifi cant resources for what Medicaid terms as "behavioral management," which is seen as a social support service not a medical treatment . Public health decisions about resource allocation-judging from the cases on that topic in this volume-face reasonable ethical disagreement. Approved in 1993, health reform in Colombia was supposed to overcome problems such as low coverage, inequality in access and use of health care services, and ineffi ciency in the allocation and distribution of resources. Variability in the frameworks used to allocate public health resources illustrates the importance of refl ecting upon the value s that undergird policy decisions and individual practices, like critical care triage. cache = ./cache/cord-010513-7p07efxo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-010513-7p07efxo.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-017675-in9r33ww author = nan title = The Way Forward: Prevention, Treatment and Human Rights date = 2008 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 18417 sentences = 816 flesch = 53 summary = The United Nations International Guidelines on HIV/AIDS and Human Rights recommend that criminal law not be an impediment to measures taken by States to reduce the risk of HIV transmission among injecting drug users and to provide them with HIV-related care and treatment. Visitors entering the United States on the Visa Waiver Program (which waives the requirement to apply for a visa prior to traveling to the United 9 The Way Forward Prevention, Treatment and Human Rights government policy has been that people living with HIV/AIDS do not represent a and therefore denied a visa or entry at the border, if: (1) they are likely to be a 338 would add to existing waiting lists for those services and would increase the rate US Immigration and Nationality Act, applicants for a visa or for admission to the health significance", which includes HIV infection, although waivers are available ces by Canadian citizens or permanent residents. cache = ./cache/cord-017675-in9r33ww.txt txt = ./txt/cord-017675-in9r33ww.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-016852-4lf8n7mr author = Mihaylova-Garnizova, Raynichka title = Case Study – Bulgaria date = 2012-08-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2983 sentences = 133 flesch = 42 summary = On one hand, the prioritization of the protection of the civilian population from bioterrorism on the global scene in general, and the emergence of new epidemics of infectious diseases, on the other hand, naturally impose the need for coherence and cooperation of efforts of different institutions in Bulgaria for responding to bioterrorism. Moreover, with respect to prevention of terrorism, including bioterrorism, the Agency performs tasks of surveillance, detection, counteraction and prevention of: The main concern under discussion about SANS's functions and activities is the order, volume and use of the acquired and analyzed information for the planning to counter a biological attack made by other authorities. In addition to the NCIPD and the Regional Health Inspections, the Ministry of Health manages civilian medical facilities which include hospitals, clinics or departments dealing with infectious diseases on the regional, municipal, and district levels. cache = ./cache/cord-016852-4lf8n7mr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-016852-4lf8n7mr.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-017620-p65lijyu author = Rodriguez-Proteau, Rosita title = Toxicity Evaluation and Human Health Risk Assessment of Surface and Ground Water Contaminated by Recycled Hazardous Waste Materials date = 2005-07-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 17229 sentences = 837 flesch = 43 summary = title: Toxicity Evaluation and Human Health Risk Assessment of Surface and Ground Water Contaminated by Recycled Hazardous Waste Materials Presently, numerous federal agencies provide guidance on methods and approaches used to evaluate potential health effects and assess risks from contaminated source media, i.e., soil, air, and water. The systematic scientific approach of evaluating potential adverse health effects resulting from human exposure to hazardous agents or situations occur by the following steps: i) hazard identification; ii) dose-response (quantitative) assessment; iii) exposure assessment; iv) risk characterization [ 4] . If information concerning COPCs is not present in the drinking water and/or state and tribal water standards databases, or additional exposure pathways need to be included during the site assessment, then media-specific comparison values are available from the Soil Screening Guidance [16] , several USEPA regional offices, and individual state governments (Table 6 ). cache = ./cache/cord-017620-p65lijyu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-017620-p65lijyu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-004894-75w35fkd author = nan title = Abstract date = 2006-06-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 92116 sentences = 6264 flesch = 51 summary = The unadjusted median (25-75% percentile) sperm concentration in the non-exposed group (n = 90) is 49 (23-86) mill/ml compared to 33 (12-63) mill/ml among men exposed to >19 cigarettes per day in fetal life (n = 26 Aim: To estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity, and their effects in physical activity (PA) levels of Portuguese children and adolescents aged 10-18 years. Objectives: a) To estimate the sex-and age-adjusted annual rate of tuberculosis infection (ARTI) (per 100 person-years [%py]) among the HCWs, as indicated by tuberculin skin test conversion (TST) conversion, b) to identify occupational factors associated with significant variations in the ARTI, c) to investigate the efficacy of the regional preventive guidelines. Objectives: We assessed the total burden of adverse events (AE), and determined treatment-related risk factors for the development of various AEs. Methods: The study cohort included 1362 5-year survivors, treated in the Emma Childrens Hospital AMC in the Netherlands between 1966-1996. cache = ./cache/cord-004894-75w35fkd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-004894-75w35fkd.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-018116-99z6ykb2 author = Healing, Tim title = Surveillance and Control of Communicable Disease in Conflicts and Disasters date = 2009 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8922 sentences = 479 flesch = 52 summary = They must be able to • assess the health status of the population affected and identify the main health priorities • monitor the development and determine the severity of any health emergency that develops (including monitoring the incidence of and case fatality rates from diseases, receiving early warning of epidemics and monitoring responses) At first sight, undertaking public health activities in emergencies, especially in conflicts, may seem to be difficult or impossible. In other types of disaster public health activities may be expected to be less affected by the security situation than in a war (although aid workers may be at risk if populations are severely deprived of resources such as food, shelter, water, or cash), and with limited access and damage to communication systems and other parts of the infrastructure assessment, surveillance and control activities can be severely restricted. cache = ./cache/cord-018116-99z6ykb2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-018116-99z6ykb2.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-017367-15o6g57q author = Polychronakis, Ioannis title = Workplace Health Promotion Interventions ConcerningWomenWorkers' Occupational Hazards date = 2008 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10561 sentences = 603 flesch = 37 summary = While affected by many occupational hazards, some of which are cited in Table 3 .3, women working in the cleaning industry are also disadvantaged due to the fact that (Gavana, Tsoukana, Giannakopoulos, Smyrnakis, & Benos, 2005; Gyorkos et al., 2005; Nakazono, Nii-no, & Ishi, 1985; Skillen, Olson, & Gilbert, 2001; Valeur-Jensen et al., 1999) • Vascular problems (Kovess-Masfety, Sevilla-Dedieu, Rios-Seidel, Nerriere, & Chee, 2006) of the lower extremities due to extended standing (Sandmark, Wiktorin, Hogstedt, Klenell-Hatschek, & Vingard, 1999) in upright position • Voice disorders due to overuse of vocal chords Duff, Proctor, & Yairi, 2004; Kooijman et al., 2006; Kosztyla-Hojna, Rogowski, Ruczaj, Pepinski, & Lobaczuk-Sitnik, 2004; Roy, 1999; Sliwinska-Kowalska et al., 2006; Sulkowski & Kowalska, 2005; Thibeault, Merrill, Roy, Gray, & Smith, 2004; Williams, 2003) • Exposure to increased levels of noise (Behar et al., 2004) • Musculoskeletal problems (Fjellman-Wiklund, Brulin, & Sundelin, 2003; Sandmark, 2000; Yamamoto, Saeki, & Kurumatani, 2003) (handling and lifting small children in day care centres, physical education teachers, inadequate body posture) • Work-related stress (Fjellman-Wiklund et al., 2003; Zidkova & Martinkova, 2003) • Children's or adolescent's violent behavior (Lawrence & Green, 2005) cache = ./cache/cord-017367-15o6g57q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-017367-15o6g57q.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-017281-b1kubfl0 author = Milcent, Carine title = Hospital Institutional Context and Funding date = 2018-02-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7745 sentences = 482 flesch = 57 summary = The "non-profit" category mainly consists of organizations owned by government and companies (available data do not permit a disaggregation of the non-profit category by ownership) This fragmented structure is a hurdle to the implementation of any hospital reform, with four main ministries involved: the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security (MoHRSS), the Ministry of Finance (MoF) and obviously the Ministry of Health (MoH). To mitigate this risk, each authority in charge of implementation at the local level is given measurable targets, for instance, the number of people covered by public health insurance at a certain date. Another part of the reform aimed at developing private hospitals is their inclusion into public health insurance schemes. Rules tend to vary depending on the area, but there is an increasing number of cases for which care provided in private healthcare centres can be covered by public insurance schemes. cache = ./cache/cord-017281-b1kubfl0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-017281-b1kubfl0.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-018125-khhzlt9y author = Jain, Aditya title = Work, Health, Safety and Well-Being: Current State of the Art date = 2018-04-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 12405 sentences = 565 flesch = 43 summary = It revised the definition at its 12th session in 1995 to read as follows: occupational safety and health should aim at: the promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental and social well-being of workers in all occupations; the prevention amongst workers of departures from health caused by their working conditions; the protection of workers in their employment from risks resulting from factors adverse to health; the placing and maintenance of the worker in an occupational environment adapted to his physiological and psychological capabilities; and, to summarize, the adaptation of work to man and of each man to his job. Liberalization of world trade, rapid technological progress, significant developments in transport and communication, shifting patterns of employment, changes in work organization practices, the different employment patterns of men and women, and the size, structure and life cycles of enterprises and of new technologies can all generate new types and patterns of hazards, exposures and risks. cache = ./cache/cord-018125-khhzlt9y.txt txt = ./txt/cord-018125-khhzlt9y.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-001521-l36f1gp7 author = nan title = Oral and Poster Manuscripts date = 2011-04-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 183363 sentences = 11362 flesch = 53 summary = The IC 50 values determined in functional NI assays provide valuable information for detection of resistant viruses, but should not be used to draw direct correlations with drug concentrations needed to inhibit virus replication in the infected human host, as clinical data to support such inferences are inadequate. • Standardized reagents and protocols • Choice of detection technology • Simple instrumentation requirements • High sensitivity for use with low virus concentrations • Compatibility with batch-mode processing and largescale assay throughput • Broad specificity of influenza detection • Flexibility in assay format • Additional NA assay applications -cell-based viral assays, screening for new NIs, detection of NA from other organisms Functional neuraminidase inhibition assays enable detection of any resistance mutation and are extremely important in conjunction with sequence-based screening assays for global monitoring of virus isolates for NI resistance mutations, including known and new mutations. Such new assays need to include methods to measure local antibodies and virus-specific lymphocytes, especially in the case of live attenuated influenza vaccines, because of their potential to induce such broad-based immune responses. cache = ./cache/cord-001521-l36f1gp7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-001521-l36f1gp7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-018316-drjfwcdg author = Shephard, Roy J. title = Building the Infrastructure and Regulations Needed for Public Health and Fitness date = 2017-09-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6246 sentences = 267 flesch = 53 summary = 4. To note the new challenges to public health presented by such current issues as the abuse of tobacco and mood-altering drugs, continuing toxic auto-emissions, the epidemic of HIV/AIDS, a decreased acceptance of MMR vaccinations, and the ready spread of infectious diseases by air travel. The success of urban living has depended in great part on governmental ability to maintain population health through the building of an adequate infrastructure to provide clean water and to dispose of waste, as well as the enactment of appropriate regulations to control the prevent the spread of infectious diseases. Diligent housewives adopted a few other simple changes in household management to preserve the health of their families, and Cambridge University insisted on a direct control of its food supply, The Great Plague The London "Plague" of 1665 CE was one in a series of European epidemics of bubonic plague dating back to the "Black Death." The Great Plague claimed at least 70,000 lives in central London, this being about a half of the population who had not fled from the city. cache = ./cache/cord-018316-drjfwcdg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-018316-drjfwcdg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-011062-ukz4hnmy author = nan title = Poster date = 2020-03-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 88313 sentences = 5669 flesch = 55 summary = Ming-Yueh Chou 1,3 , Ying-Hsin Hsu 1 , Yu-Chun Wang 1 , Chih-Kuang Liang 1,3 , Li-Ning Peng 2,4 , Liang-Kung Chen 2,4 , Yu-Te Lin 1 ((1) Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; (2) Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; (3) Department of Geriatric Medicine, National Yang Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; (4) Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan) Background: Older people with frailty are at risk of adverse outcomes, such as falls, functional decline and mortality, and multi-domain intervention program may prevent those. Conclusion: Our study showed that a multicomponent exercise program is effective for posthospitalization patients because after 24-week intervention there were significant reductions in frailty and improving results in muscle strength and physical performance. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of 757 communitydwelling older adults who completed multi-domain geriatric screen assessing for social vulnerability, mood, cognition, functional performance, nutrition, physical frailty (FRAIL) and sarcopenia (SARC-F). cache = ./cache/cord-011062-ukz4hnmy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-011062-ukz4hnmy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-020151-utztcf1l author = Renner-Micah, Anthony title = Institutional Effects on National Health Insurance Digital Platform Development and Use: The Case of Ghana date = 2020-03-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4559 sentences = 228 flesch = 37 summary = The study employs qualitative, interpretive case study as methodology and institutional theory as analytical lens to investigate regulative, normative, and cultural-cognitive institutional effects on digital platform development and use for national health insurance in Ghana. Following this research gap, the research question for this study concerns how regulative, normative and cultural-cognitive institutions affect digital platform development and use for national health insurance in a developing country. To address the research question, the study employs institutional theory [9] as analytical lens and qualitative, interpretive case study [10] as methodology to gain insight into digital platform development and use for national health insurance system in Ghana, as a developing country. Under this approach, concepts from institutional theory were used as sensitising devices to identify regulative, normative and cultural-cognitive institutions as enablers and constraints of the development and use of national health insurance digital platform. cache = ./cache/cord-020151-utztcf1l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-020151-utztcf1l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-018497-oy7hsrpt author = Beutels, Philippe P.A. title = Economic aspects of vaccines and vaccination: a global perspective date = 2005 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6370 sentences = 285 flesch = 47 summary = The share of health-care expenditures in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of most industrialised countries has increased from 3%-5% in the early sixties to 7%-11% in 2001 (from 5% to 14% in the USA) [1] This rise has been attributed to medical advances (increasing the number and technological complexity of medical interventions), population aging, sociological changes (more, but smaller families and less familial support for the elderly) and insufficient productivity increases in the services sector. Because of the very long time spans over which benefits accrue, the analysis of most vaccination programs is very sensitive to discounting (of costs as well as health effects). It seems clear, though, that the smallpox eradication program and the establishment of the EPI have generated enormous benefits, not only by directly protecting against important vaccine-preventable diseases, but also by providing opportunities for health education and infrastructure in developing countries [30] . cache = ./cache/cord-018497-oy7hsrpt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-018497-oy7hsrpt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-018632-azrqz6hf author = Ganasegeran, Kurubaran title = Artificial Intelligence Applications in Tracking Health Behaviors During Disease Epidemics date = 2019-11-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4312 sentences = 231 flesch = 37 summary = Artificial Intelligence (AI) offers new hope in not only effectively pre-empting, preventing and combating the threats of infectious disease epidemics, but also facilitating the understanding of health-seeking behaviors and public emotions during epidemics. The human population is currently able to access potentially useful massive data sources of infectious disease spread through sentinel reporting systems, national surveillance systems (usually operated by national or regional disease centers such as the Center for Disease Control (CDC)), genome databases, internet search queries (also called infodemiology and infoveillance studies) [10] [11] [12] , Twitter data analysis [13, 14] , outbreak investigation reports, transportation dynamics [15] , vaccine reports [16] and human dynamics information [17] . With such high fluxes of health-seeking behavior using computers, a group of Italian researchers' evaluated Google Trends search queries for terms related to "Ebola" outbreak at the global level and across countries where primary cases of Ebola were reported [26] . cache = ./cache/cord-018632-azrqz6hf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-018632-azrqz6hf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-018384-peh5efat author = Merrick, Riki title = Public Health Laboratories date = 2013-07-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4523 sentences = 234 flesch = 43 summary = Their work informs public health offi cials in state government, allowing for targeted disease surveillance, quicker response to disease outbreak and provides population based data that may lead to new guidelines or policies to protect their residents. Such emergencies might include bioterrorist incidents, newly emerging diseases, and foreign animal disease agents that threaten the nation's food supply and public health GISN [ 17 ] The WHO Global Infl uenza Surveillance Network (GISN) receives result reports and samples of isolates from participating state and municipal PHLs to monitor infl uenza disease burden, detect potential novel pandemic strains, and obtain suitable virus isolates for vaccine development by promoting workfl ow improvements and refi ning laboratory science operations within the laboratory. Having identifi ed the need to harmonize the adoption of standards across federal programs and PHL functional areas, APHL is actively involved in national standards harmonization activities for laboratoryrelated use cases (information exchange standards for laboratory orders and results, reporting in clinical and public health settings, as well as functional standards for Electronic Health Record System (EHR-S) interactions with PHLs). cache = ./cache/cord-018384-peh5efat.txt txt = ./txt/cord-018384-peh5efat.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-022452-gyuldf4a author = Ostroff, Stephen M. title = The Spread of Disease in the 20th Century and Lessons for the 21st Century date = 2009-11-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2786 sentences = 158 flesch = 60 summary = Although some have suggested that this outbreak was a natural event related to movement of the organism on sea-currents, a more likely explanation is that it was introduced in ballast released from a ship traveling from a cholera-endemic area. Investigations found that the human and avian outbreaks were linked and the causative agent was identified as West Nile virus, an arbovirus never previously seen in the western hemisphere (Asnis, Conetta, Texeira, Waldman, & Sampson, 2000) . Air travel from Hong Kong caused the spread of disease to locations in Mainland China and Taiwan. The outbreak resulted in severe disruptions to the global economy, to travel, and to commerce (World Health Organization, 2003b) . Avian disease due to H5N1 has now appeared in more than 50 countries in Asia, Europe, and Africa (World Health Organization, 2006a), either killing or requiring the destruction of hundreds of millions of birds. cache = ./cache/cord-022452-gyuldf4a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-022452-gyuldf4a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-018336-6fh69mk4 author = Yasnoff, William A. title = Public Health Informatics and the Health Information Infrastructure date = 2006 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 12156 sentences = 554 flesch = 37 summary = With faster and cheaper hardware and radically improved software tools, it has become financially and technically feasible to create information systems that will provide the information about individuals and populations necessary for optimized decision-making in medical care and public health. The National Electronic Disease Surveillance System (NEDSS) is a major CDC initiative that addresses this issue by promoting the use of data and information system standards to advance the development of efficient, integrated, and interoperable surveillance systems at federal, state and local levels (see www.cdc.gov/nedss). Although immunization registries are among the largest and most complex public health information systems, the successful implementations show conclusively that it is possible to overcome the challenging informatics problems they present. While a number of health care institutions, particularly large hospitals, have reported substantial cost improvements from electronic medical record systems, the direct financial benefits are by no means a forgone conclusion, especially for smaller organizations. cache = ./cache/cord-018336-6fh69mk4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-018336-6fh69mk4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-021933-5082epvg author = Kearney, Alexis title = Introduction to Biological Agents and Pandemics date = 2015-10-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2021 sentences = 131 flesch = 41 summary = In an effort to better identify and track potential outbreaks related to infectious diseases, both naturally occurring and those related to biowarfare and terrorism, public health practitioners developed surveillance systems designed to analyze routinely collected health information. They define PHEP as the capability of the public health and health care systems, communities, and individuals, to prevent, protect against, quickly Second highest priority agents include those that are moderately easy to disseminate, result in moderate morbidity rates and low mortality rates, and require specific enhancements of the CDC's diagnostic capacity and enhanced disease surveillance. The information provided by surveillance systems, used in conjunction with clinical data, will ultimately help public health practitioners identify an etiologic agent. As preparedness strategies become more standardized and evidence based, our ability to respond to public health emergencies, including biological attacks, will improve. Real-time public health surveillance for emergency preparedness cache = ./cache/cord-021933-5082epvg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-021933-5082epvg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-019057-3j2fl358 author = Afolabi, Michael Olusegun title = Pandemic Influenza: A Comparative Ethical Approach date = 2018-08-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 13973 sentences = 856 flesch = 50 summary = This biological fact makes it difficult to stockpile influenza vaccines ahead of outbreaks and, by consequence, limits the preparedness efforts geared towards confronting the public health challenges and moral quandaries. But considering the limitations associated with antiviral drugs as well as vaccines in relation to combating pandemic influenza, some form of non-therapeutic approach is necessary, at least as some adjunct to mitigate the overall impact of pandemic influenza on the local and global human community. This implies that the care ethical lens may have some limitations in relation to sufficiently engaging the ethical dilemmas raised by pandemic influenza in particular and other types of public health disasters, in general. The chapter explored the strengths of the communitarian and care ethics moral lenses in relation to engaging the moral quandaries elicited during pandemic influenza outbreaks. cache = ./cache/cord-019057-3j2fl358.txt txt = ./txt/cord-019057-3j2fl358.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-018917-7px75s3c author = Hopkins, Richard S. title = Informatics in Disease Prevention and Epidemiology date = 2013-07-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7517 sentences = 337 flesch = 41 summary = This chapter provides a description of the components of disease prevention and control programs, and then focuses on information systems designed to support public health surveillance, epidemiologic investigation of cases and outbreaks, and case management. Public health surveillance systems may be based on data capture from a variety of sources, including case reports, population-based surveys, sentinel providers, electronic health records (including laboratory information management systems for ELR and emergency department records for syndromic surveillance), or administrative data (like hospital or physician claims for reimbursement). Information systems to support reportable disease surveillance contain records representing case reports that currently are, for the most part, entered manually into an application by public health staff, based on information received from doctors, infection control practitioners, hospitals, and laboratories. cache = ./cache/cord-018917-7px75s3c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-018917-7px75s3c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-018151-5su98uan author = Lynteris, Christos title = Introduction: Infectious Animals and Epidemic Blame date = 2019-10-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8567 sentences = 354 flesch = 43 summary = Providing original studies of rats, mosquitoes, marmots, dogs and 'bushmeat', which at different points in the history of modern medicine and public health have come to embody social and scientific concerns about infection, this volume aims to elucidate the impact of framing non-human animals as epidemic villains. Whether it is stray dogs as spreaders of rabies in colonial and contemporary India, bushmeat as the source of Ebola in West Africa, mosquitoes as vectors of malaria, dengue, Zika and yellow fever in the Global South, or rats and marmots as hosts of plague during the third pandemic, this volume shows framings of non-human animals to be entangled in local webs of signification and, at the same time, to be global agents of modern epidemic imaginaries. cache = ./cache/cord-018151-5su98uan.txt txt = ./txt/cord-018151-5su98uan.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-025682-b5x2x93f author = Soleimanpour, Samira title = School-Based Health Centers: At the Intersection of Health and Education date = 2020-05-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1155 sentences = 57 flesch = 49 summary = School-Based Health Centers: At the Intersection of Health and Education School-based health centers (SBHCs) have emerged over the last 50 years as a cost-effective service delivery model that improves health care access and outcomes for youth, particularly those in underserved communities [1, 2] . In fact, minority youth have been found to use SBHC services more frequently than other community health delivery sites, particularly mental health care [5] . These youth also have disproportionate academic experiences [6] because of structural inequalities that are far beyond the scope of what SBHC services can influence, which makes the burden of demonstrating impacts on educational success, in addition to health outcomes, an even greater challenge. Impact of school-based health center use on academic outcomes The influence of school-based health center access on high school graduation: Evidence from Colorado cache = ./cache/cord-025682-b5x2x93f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-025682-b5x2x93f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-020130-g9p5lgmn author = Ratshidi, Lilies title = Categorization of Factors Influencing Community Health Workers from a Socio-Technical Systems Perspective date = 2020-03-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3921 sentences = 162 flesch = 35 summary = The aim is operationalized by means of the best-fit framework synthesis method to explore the body of knowledge towards presenting a conceptual understanding through a categorization of Factors Influencing Community Health Workers from a Socio-Technical Systems Perspective. The study is grounded in social and technical perspectives as it facilitates the duality of the CHWs' work and community role, further adopts the technique of the "best-fit" framework synthesis method in the exploration. Some of the solutions to achieve what is postulated in the studies include coordinating the health system and community system to prioritize factors that inhibit or facilitate the understanding of CHWs programs' compatibility with community structures, cultural values, and perception, socio-economic context and support system [20] . In addition, integrating and adopting interventions supported by technological solutions, and the sustainability of these interventions should be considered when exploring efforts until the desired health outcomes are achieved to gain a better understanding of CHWs programs and their roles in LMICs [17] . cache = ./cache/cord-020130-g9p5lgmn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-020130-g9p5lgmn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-021121-qgqzr6n2 author = Albrecht, Harro title = Global Health. Die Gesundheit der Welt in der internationalen Politik date = 2008-10-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2681 sentences = 345 flesch = 62 summary = Mehr Entwicklungshilfe im Kampf gegen Krankheiten und insbesondere Aids, so die Hoffnung der US-Regierung, würde nicht nur den Betroffenen helfen, sondern auch einen spürbaren wirtschaftlichen Aufschwung in den ärmsten Ländern nach sich ziehen und dadurch weltweit die Sicherheitslage verbessern. Nach der Definition des Institute of Medicine in Washington, D.C. beschäftigt sich Global Health mit Gesundheitsproblemen, welche die nationalen Grenzen überschreiten, die Lebensumstände und Erfahrungen anderer Staaten beeinflussen und die am besten durch Kooperation gelöst werden können. 3 Das ist insbesondere deshalb erstaunlich, weil die Public Health-Idee sich aus Überlegungen des deutschen Arztes und Politikers Rudolf Virchow aus dem 19. Weil Public Health dabei nicht nur die Pathologie spezifischer Erkrankungen, sondern auch die Lebensbedingungen des Menschen einbezieht, berührt das Fachgebiet unter anderem auch Fragen der Wirtschaft, Psychologie, Politik und Kultur -oder wie Rudolf Virchow es ausdrückte: "Die Medicin ist eine sociale Wissenschaft, und die Politik ist nichts weiter als Medicin im Großen." Global Health als Ausdehnung von Public Health im weltweiten Maßstab ist eines der umfassendsten Wissenschaftsgebiete. cache = ./cache/cord-021121-qgqzr6n2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-021121-qgqzr6n2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-027641-0ufwlw87 author = nan title = COVID-19 and social distancing date = 2020-06-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1415 sentences = 87 flesch = 54 summary = In North America, the "apex" of the epidemic curve is still nowhere in sight but people draw solace from the fact that drastic public health measures in China and South Korea appear to have abated the escalation of number of cases and eventually signifi cantly reduced the incidence of new ones. Spurred by these experiences, Canada, like other countries, adopted social distancing as its most visible public health measure. This pandemic demonstrated once more that an essential target of our practices is to rebuild our patients' positive social connectedness with peer groups, families, worksites, and communities in general. 2 www.canadianjournalofaddiction.org 5 EDITORIAL (2) Isolation and testing-Every pandemic has its own characteristics and predictions can be diffi cult at the onset. In a few short weeks, we experienced a number of changes in the criteria for entering or leaving isolation, but the relative absence of screening tests and results awaiting 5 to 10 days led to a loss of valuable healthcare resources. cache = ./cache/cord-027641-0ufwlw87.txt txt = ./txt/cord-027641-0ufwlw87.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-022054-yeavs06o author = Guidotti, Tee L. title = Occupational Medicine: An Asset in Time of Crisis date = 2009-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3820 sentences = 185 flesch = 37 summary = • Survival of key personnel in a catastrophic event • Continuity of business after a catastrophic event • Instant connectivity to resources for assistance in a health-related emergency • Surveillance of the workforce and the early detection of an outbreak • Integration of emergency response with public health agencies • Surge capacity in the event of a local event that requires mobilization of all available medical resources • Vaccination programs and other protective measures • Establishing on-site consequence management and mitigation programs • Developing decontamination plans • Providing specialized, sector-specific expertise to emergency managers • Advising on effective personal protective equipment (PPE) • Liasing with the LEPC, prehospital care, and hospitals • Continuing education and training on-site and in the community of the indigenous risks inherent to the operation • Accessing material safety data sheet information • Leading any after-action discussion to bring about process and system improvement • Fitness-to-work evaluations that assess the recovery and functional capacity of injured employees to return to work and what accommodations may be needed • Impairment evaluation for injured workers who are the subject of workers' compensation claims • Certification of time off work for workers with a nonoccupational illness or injury (this is often performed by other physicians) 4. cache = ./cache/cord-022054-yeavs06o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-022054-yeavs06o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-022161-quns9b84 author = Cui, Shunji title = China in the Fight Against the Ebola Crisis: Human Security Perspectives date = 2018-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7848 sentences = 363 flesch = 52 summary = The crisis turned the global securitization of health issues into unprecedented levels, at the same time, aligned closely with human security frameworks and thus has significant impacts on national foreign and aid policies. After the August/September 2014 announcement by the WHO that Ebola was a 'public health emergency of international concern' and the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) declaration that Ebola was a 'threat to international peace and security,' many countries as well as international organizations, non-governmental organizations, companies and individuals participated in the fight against this unprecedented challenge to humanity. Of course, in the process of engaging in the global effort to fight Ebola, China did cooperate with many countries and international and regional organizations by providing financial support to the UN, the WHO and the AU, and assisting them in playing leading and coordinating roles. cache = ./cache/cord-022161-quns9b84.txt txt = ./txt/cord-022161-quns9b84.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-029582-kap3tdiy author = Srinivasan, Malathi title = Enhancing patient engagement during virtual care: A conceptual model and rapid implementation at an academic medical center date = 2020-07-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2308 sentences = 127 flesch = 44 summary = During the first two months of Virtual Health roll-out, our Stanford primary care providers conducted over 15,000 video and 3,500 telephone visits. Within four weeks after initiating the Virtual Health program, we conducted more than 80 interviews with staff and providers (physicians, advanced practice providers, medical assistants [MAs] ) in Stanford Primary Care to understand their experiences around Virtual Health. We developed a Virtual Health Patient Engagement model that incorporated principles of the NAM Quintuple Aim,4 which evolved from the NAM Triple Aim (quality of care, cost, patient experience) to include patient equity and inclusion, and prevention of provider burnout.5 Drawing from the WellMD model, 6 we considered factors to support patient engagement in Virtual Health, including system/technology support, support by clinical teams, and customized support for self-care ( Figure 1 ). To help providers achieve meaningful connection with Virtual Health patients, the Stanford Presence group developed and distributed five best practices for telepresence communication4: cache = ./cache/cord-029582-kap3tdiy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-029582-kap3tdiy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-024274-jps1j60a author = Miranda, Mary Elizabeth G. title = Rabies Prevention in Asia: Institutionalizing Implementation Capacities date = 2020-05-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5390 sentences = 255 flesch = 36 summary = The focus areas include human rabies prevention through preand postexposure prophylaxis, mass dog vaccination, surveillance and epidemiology, laboratory diagnostic capability, public awareness and risk communication, legislation, dog population management, and establishment and protection of rabies-free zones/areas. Asian countries were urged to develop comprehensive national plans with improved access to modern human vaccines and application of new economical postexposure treatments, better disease diagnosis and surveillance, and processing of data at the national, regional, and global levels, intersectoral collaborative efforts for dog rabies control and plans to expand public and health care worker awareness regarding rabies control and prevention. An example of a successful, sustainable community-based integrated rabies control program is the Bohol Rabies elimination program, implemented as a partnership between the provincial government, the national government line agencies (Health, Agriculture, Education, Interior, and Local Government) and a few nonprofit organizations. cache = ./cache/cord-024274-jps1j60a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-024274-jps1j60a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-018517-hrb1vt03 author = Hipgrave, David title = Health System in China date = 2018-09-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 11845 sentences = 528 flesch = 46 summary = China's health reforms remain encouragingly specific but not prescriptive on strategy; set in the decentralized governance structure, they avoid the issue of reliance on local government support for the national equity objective, leaving the detailed design of health service financing, human resource distribution and accountability, essential drug lists and application of clinical care pathways, etc. China's health reforms remain encouragingly specific but not prescriptive on strategy; set in the decentralized governance structure, they avoid the issue of reliance on local government support for the national equity objective, leaving the detailed design of health service financing, human resource distribution and accountability, essential drug lists and application of clinical care pathways, etc. cache = ./cache/cord-018517-hrb1vt03.txt txt = ./txt/cord-018517-hrb1vt03.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-018566-dd5gw66t author = Armbruster, Walter J. title = The Political Economy of US Antibiotic Use in Animal Feed date = 2018-05-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 11422 sentences = 530 flesch = 35 summary = This chapter examines the evidence for antibiotic resistance in the United States and globally, the public health implications, and the impact of—and related industry and political responses to—antibiotic use in animal feed. The major stakeholders include pharmaceutical companies, production integrators, feed suppliers, farm groups, producers, restaurants, food retailers, the public, the medical community, the scientific community, government regulators and policy makers. In 1969, the United Kingdom's (UK) Parliament received the Swann Report, which concluded that using antimicrobials at sub-therapeutic levels in food-producing animals created risks to human and animal health (Joint Committee on the use of Antibiotics in Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine 1969). This scenario could be exacerbated to the extent FSIS approves additional international facilities, local regulations, and inspections as "equivalent to the United States." Future trade agreements will need to include provisions which address reduced use of medically important antibiotics in producing food animals. cache = ./cache/cord-018566-dd5gw66t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-018566-dd5gw66t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-018504-qqsmn72u author = Caron, Rosemary M. title = Public Health Lessons: Practicing and Teaching Public Health date = 2014-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9042 sentences = 571 flesch = 52 summary = 5. How would you partner with the local health-care system (i.e., community health centers, hospitals, physician practices) to assure that they are following CDC testing guidelines and to assist with consistent outreach and prevention education efforts? Some examples of how public health works to prevent additional illness include identifying close contacts to the infected person and recommending prophylaxis medication to prevent them from becoming ill (antibiotics, antivirals, vaccine, etc.), providing disease prevention recommendations (washing hands, covering cough, etc.), recognizing outbreaks, and identifying and controlling their source (healthcare-associated outbreaks, foodborne outbreaks, etc.). Further investigation by the New Hampshire Department of Health and Human Services (NHDHHS) revealed that the cause of the outbreak was drug diversion ("…the stealing of narcotic pain medication intended for patients for self use"; NHDHHS 2013, p. cache = ./cache/cord-018504-qqsmn72u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-018504-qqsmn72u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-023853-y5g4ceq9 author = Affolder, Rebecca title = Global Immunization Challenge: Progress and Opportunities date = 2009-05-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7958 sentences = 356 flesch = 45 summary = Various innovative options for financing wider access to new and underused vaccines in poor countries are explored, including the role of the International Finance Facility for Immunization (IFFIm), the Advanced Market Commitment (AMCs), the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPCI) and Multilateral Debt Relief (MDRI) initiatives, and the Debt Buy-Down program of the World Bank. Through this approach, which will be evaluated in 2010, GAVI Alliance partners are working to help countries to be on a trajectory of eventual independence from GAVI support, acknowledging, however, that, for most of the GAVI-eligible countries this is likely to require a very long time Over the next decade, the ability of developing countries to achieve sustainable introduction of new technologies will be largely dependent on how donor funds are provided, particularly whether there is a shift toward long-term, predictable aid and if innovative financing instruments are appropriately aligned and taken to scale. cache = ./cache/cord-023853-y5g4ceq9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-023853-y5g4ceq9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-023792-lrgj8gxd author = RENDA, Andrea title = Towards Stronger EU Governance of Health Threats after the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-04-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4193 sentences = 207 flesch = 50 summary = The threat of such a pandemic was to be expected, yet it was ignored, despite repeated warnings by experts, 12 the press 13 and expert groups such as the 2016 Report of the "High-level Panel on the Global Response to Health Crises", which warned about the need to address existing gaps and "enhance global capacity to rapidly detect and respond to health crises"; 14 as well as the 2019 Global Preparedness Monitoring Board (an independent monitoring and accountability body be/professioneel/nieuws-professioneel/ethical-principles-concerning-proportionality-of-critical-care-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-advice-by-the-belgian-society-of-ic-medicine>. A dedicated agencythe European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)was set up in an attempt to strengthen Europe's response capability and to provide technical support to Member States. With such a support network, the European Commission could create an executive structure that would coordinate emergency responses by identifying the most effective sequence of measures and enable possible redistribution of materials and resources across Member States to ensure the resilience of the whole Union. cache = ./cache/cord-023792-lrgj8gxd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-023792-lrgj8gxd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-029616-hfxal05z author = Park, Brian title = Co-Creating a Thriving Human-Centered Health System in the Post-Covid-19 Era date = 2020-06-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2425 sentences = 112 flesch = 36 summary = The global flu pandemic of 1918 ignited the development of European national health services, while the Great Depression and World War II fortified the United States' welfare state.11 In a similar vein, organizational experts observe that leadership actions following crises tend to define organizational culture for decades, leading either to long-term stress injury and illness or to "posttraumatic stress growth."12 Though no blueprint exists for leading organizations to well-being in the tail of a global pandemic, prior research in team leadership and organizational resilience points toward organizational factors that facilitate growth after crisis.10 , 13 As we rebuild and reimagine our health care delivery organizations, we have the opportunity to implement practices associated with workforce engagement and satisfaction as well as improved financial performance. cache = ./cache/cord-029616-hfxal05z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-029616-hfxal05z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-029261-6d9cjeec author = D’Alessandro, Daniela title = Urban Public Health, a Multidisciplinary Approach date = 2020-07-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3219 sentences = 149 flesch = 40 summary = WHO considers urbanization as one of the key challenges for public health in the twenty-first century, since cities offer significant opportunities to improve public health if health-enhancing policies and actions are promoted. Speaking about urban environment, it is to be underlined that cities around the world face many health challenges, including air, water and soil pollution, traffic congestion and noise, and poor housing conditions, and all these situations are caused and worsened by unsustainable urban development and climate change. It follows that health and environmental issues, like climate change or the growing populations, need to be addressed using "holistic" approaches that require the development of multidisciplinary research synergies focused on urban health, accompanied by multidisciplinary sustainable interventions. Shaping cities for health: complexity and the planning of urban environments in the 21st century cache = ./cache/cord-029261-6d9cjeec.txt txt = ./txt/cord-029261-6d9cjeec.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-024058-afgvztwo author = nan title = Engineering a Global Response to Infectious Diseases: This paper presents a more robust, adaptable, and scalable engineering infrastructure to improve the capability to respond to infectious diseases.Contributed Paper date = 2015-02-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5592 sentences = 294 flesch = 38 summary = Examples of innovative leveraging of infrastructure, technologies to enhance existing disease management strategies, engineering approaches to accelerate the rate of discovery and application of scientific, clinical, and public health information, and ethical issues that need to be addressed for implementation are presented. Because engineers contribute to the design and implementation of infrastructure, there are opportunities for innovative solutions to infectious disease response within existing systems that have utility, and therefore resources, before a public health emergency. Moving forward, addressing privacy issues will be critical so that geographic tracking of a phone's location could be used to help inform an individual of potential contact with infected persons or animals and support automated, anonymous, electronic integration of those data to accelerate the epidemiological detective work of identifying and surveying those same individuals for public health benefit. cache = ./cache/cord-024058-afgvztwo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-024058-afgvztwo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-024981-yfuuirnw author = Severin, Paul N. title = Types of Disasters date = 2020-05-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 29266 sentences = 1796 flesch = 48 summary = The World Health Organization and the Pan American Health Organization define a disaster as "an event that occurs in most cases suddenly and unexpectedly, causing severe disturbances to people or objects affected by it, resulting in the loss of life and harm to the health of the population, the destruction or loss of community property, and/or severe damage to the environment. After the events of 9/11, much attention has been given to the possibility of another mass casualty act of terrorism, especially with weapons of mass destruction, that include chemical, biological, nuclear, radiological, and explosive devices (CBNRE), or other forms of violence such as active shooter incidents and mass shootings (Jacobson and Severin 2012) . Antidote therapy should be given as usual for nerve agents, including atropine, diazepam, and pralidoxime chloride (United States Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, National Library of Medicine 2019; United States Department of Health and Human Services, Chemical Hazards Emergency Medical Management (CHEMM) 2019). cache = ./cache/cord-024981-yfuuirnw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-024981-yfuuirnw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-022130-jckfzaf0 author = Walsh, Patrick F. title = Intelligence and Stakeholders date = 2018-09-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 16294 sentences = 639 flesch = 39 summary = Traversing the literature and interviews with a select number of stakeholders shows there that there is a large and diverse number of individuals and organisations that could potentially play a role in either preventing, disrupting or treating future bio-threats and In the biological context, surveillance is the ongoing collection, analysis, and interpretation of data to help monitor for pathogens in plants, animals, and humans; food; and the environment. It's clear that the 'Five Eyes' intelligence communities have worked extensively with other member states in counter-proliferation institutions such as the BWC and the Australia Group for several decades, but what remains still under developed is how global health security stakeholders and intelligence communities can work more collaboratively for the mutual goal of global health security regardless of whether the risks are natural pandemics or result from a bio-terror attack or theft of a dangerous select agent from a lab. cache = ./cache/cord-022130-jckfzaf0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-022130-jckfzaf0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-022266-nezgzovk author = Henderson, Joan C. title = Tourism and Health Crises date = 2009-11-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7964 sentences = 394 flesch = 52 summary = Such situations and approaches to their resolution represent the subject of this chapter in which health risks when traveling and on arrival at destinations are considered, with a section devoted to infectious diseases affecting humans and animals and birds. Health is a major public and private concern in general and a key element in destination choice and visitor satisfaction, with individuals and the tourism industry likely to shun environments where there might be a risk to tourist well-being. Some studies have concluded that the health of as many as 50% of participants is impaired by the experience of international tourism (Dawood, 1989) and the rise in foreign travel has been accompanied by an increased incidence of disease, especially that of a tropical nature (Connor, 2005) . Some initiatives to minimize unnecessary dangers and avoid serious injuries in the fi eld of adventure tourism are operator accreditation schemes, strict health and safety rules, codes of conduct, staff training and the education and prior assessment of participants (Bentley and Page, 2001) . cache = ./cache/cord-022266-nezgzovk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-022266-nezgzovk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-024614-6bu3zo01 author = Tang, Daxing title = Prevention and control strategies for emergency, limited-term, and elective operations in pediatric surgery during the epidemic period of COVID-19 date = 2020-03-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5846 sentences = 300 flesch = 43 summary = Based on the transmission characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and the requirements for prevention and control of COVID-19, the authors proposed some concrete measures and practical strategies of managing emergency, limited-term, and elective pediatric surgeries during the epidemic period. Based on the transmission characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and the requirements for prevention and control of COVID-19, the authors proposed some concrete measures and practical strategies of managing emergency, limited-term, and elective pediatric surgeries during the epidemic period. Based on the "Technical Guidelines for the Prevention and Control of New Coronavirus Infection in Medical Institutions (First Edition)," 17 "Diagnosis and Treatment Plan on the New Coronavirus inflicted pneumonia (Sixth trial edition, revised)" 2 (both released by the National Health Commission of China), "Recommendations for the Prevention and Control of General Surgery in the Background of New Coronavirus Outbreak," 6 and other relevant latest reports, we propose the following control measures and practical strategies for pediatric surgery practice during the COVID-19 epidemic. cache = ./cache/cord-024614-6bu3zo01.txt txt = ./txt/cord-024614-6bu3zo01.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-031017-xjnbmah5 author = Van Goethem, N. title = Perceived utility and feasibility of pathogen genomics for public health practice: a survey among public health professionals working in the field of infectious diseases, Belgium, 2019 date = 2020-08-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8492 sentences = 360 flesch = 32 summary = METHODS: In May 2019, Belgian public health and healthcare professionals were invited to complete an online survey containing eight main topics including background questions, general attitude towards pathogen genomics for public health practice and main concerns, genomic literacy, current and planned NGS activities, place of NGS in diagnostic microbiology pathways, data sharing obstacles, end-user requirements, and key drivers for the implementation of NGS. The following criteria were included (top to bottom): clinical and/or public health significance, priority with respect to preventing the spread of antimicrobial resistance, local/national/international policy surveillance priorities or obligations, importance of prevention and control programs (e.g. vaccination), utility of WGS for diagnostics and/or treatment decisions (individual patient care), utility of increased resolution to infer relatedness that would not be obtained via conventional methods, availability of high-quality/complete/standardized epidemiological and/or clinical data to provide context to the WGS results, possibility to link genomic data from different sources (food-animalhuman-environment), cost-effectiveness (e.g. replacing multiple tests), time-saving compared to conventional testing methods, impact on outcomes for patients and populations (translation into actionable results), availability of WGS typing schemes and reference databases (e.g. for antimicrobial resistance), availability of validated (quality-controlled) WGS workflows (both wet and dry laboratory), availability of expertise to generate, analyze and interpret WGS data, and availability of the appropriate infrastructure (sequence technology, high-performance computing, data storage, etc.). cache = ./cache/cord-031017-xjnbmah5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-031017-xjnbmah5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-024885-6gsnmegj author = Eccleston-Turner, Mark title = The Law of Responsibility and the World Health Organisation: A Case Study on the West African Ebola Outbreak date = 2020-05-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9010 sentences = 420 flesch = 50 summary = In the meantime, we present four claims: first, that the WHO is a distinct legal actor on the international stage capable of incurring responsibility for its actions; second, that the WHO does not merely have the power to declare a PHEIC, but also 11 See 'Foreword' and Article 2 World Health Organisation, 'International Health Regulations' (2005) . The first element of this obligation to declare may have been eventually fulfilled but (as we will argue in a moment), the failure to declare the 2014 West African Ebola outbreak a PHEIC in a timely fashion was not, and therefore constitutes an internationally wrongful act, for which responsibility ought to arise on the part of the Organisation. Rather, numerous obligations are identified within the Constitution of the World Health Organisation, in particular Articles 2(v), (a) and (g) of the Functions, and an external agreement with the African Congress, which when taken together would create the legal obligation pursuant upon the WHO to declare the West African Ebola outbreak PHEIC and, secondly, to do so in a timely fashion. cache = ./cache/cord-024885-6gsnmegj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-024885-6gsnmegj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-023713-daz2vokz author = Devereux, Graham title = Epidemiology of Asthma and Allergic Airway Diseases date = 2013-09-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 27880 sentences = 1480 flesch = 51 summary = A systematic review and metaanalysis of the longitudinal studies relating maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy to childhood outcomes concluded that high maternal dietary vitamin D intake is associated with a reduced risk of children wheezing up to the age of 5 years (OR = 0.56; 95% CI, 0.42 to 0.73). The Dutch Prevention and Incidence of Asthma and Mite allergy (PIAMA) birth cohort study related symptom data prospectively collected annually from 3863 children up to the age of 8 years to land-use regression estimates of individual NO 2 , PM 2.5 , and soot exposures at their birth addresses. 327 A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective birth cohort studies evaluating the effects of allergen (i.e., HDM or dietary) avoidance during pregnancy concluded that early-life allergen avoidance in isolation does not reduce the likelihood of asthma in children at age 5 years (OR = 1.22; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.78). cache = ./cache/cord-023713-daz2vokz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-023713-daz2vokz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-018760-blwguyl4 author = Guleria, Randeep title = Health Effects of Changing Environment date = 2019-03-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4788 sentences = 262 flesch = 47 summary = Last two centuries have witnessed changes in global environmental factors such as rise in temperature leading to global warming, depletion of stratospheric ozone layer, loss of biodiversity and marked degradation in air and water quality due to atmospheric pollution, thereby causing upsurge in infectious and non-infectious diseases. Similarly, in India there is strong evidence linking lower respiratory tract infection to indoor air pollution caused by the use of solid fuels in household. Air pollution and occupational exposure may cause a variety of negative health outcomes, including reduced lung function in children as well as increased susceptibility to infections, airway inflammation and cardiovascular diseases. There should be general awareness of how changes in climate and environment lead to significant acute and chronic effects on human health. cache = ./cache/cord-018760-blwguyl4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-018760-blwguyl4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-024087-j6riw1ir author = Stikova, Elisaveta title = Strengthening the Early-Warning Function of the Surveillance System: The Macedonian Experience date = 2010-07-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4220 sentences = 247 flesch = 44 summary = The Republic of Macedonia, with World Health Organization support, has implemented an earlywarning system (ALERT) for priority communicable diseases to complement the routine surveillance system that reports individual confirmed cases. • The emergence of new or newly recognized pathogens such as Nipah virus, Ebola virus, Marburg virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) corona virus, and influenza A/H5N1 virus • The recurrence of well-characterized epidemic-prone diseases such as cholera, dengue, influenza, measles, meningitis, shigellosis, and yellow fever • The accidental release or deliberate use of biological agents such as anthrax [7] In addition to the events described in Table 1 , 10 member states in the European These are reasons for public health-capacity building at the local, national, and international level and strengthening of public health preparedness and response systems around the world [11, 12] . cache = ./cache/cord-024087-j6riw1ir.txt txt = ./txt/cord-024087-j6riw1ir.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-023913-pnjhi8cu author = Foreman, Stephen title = Broader Considerations of Medical and Dental Data Integration date = 2011-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 47663 sentences = 2231 flesch = 44 summary = So while there has been no shortage of effort paid to improving Medicare, the one common theme in all of the recent initiatives is that dental care has been conspicuously 1 A new study by Hedlund, Jeffcoat, Genco and Tanna funded by CIGNA of patients with Type II diabetes and periodontal disease found that medical costs of patients who received maintenance therapy were $2483.51 per year lower than patients who did not. Examples of integrated care models do exist, such as that presented by (Heuer 2007 ) involving school-linked and school-based clinics with an "innovative health infrastructure." According to Heuer, "Neighborhood Outreach Action for Health (NOAH)" is staffed by two nurse practitioners and a part-time physician to provide "primary medical services to more than 3,200 uninsured patients each year" in Scottsdale, Arizona. cache = ./cache/cord-023913-pnjhi8cu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-023913-pnjhi8cu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-024078-d34e31zd author = Baldwin-Ragaven, Laurel title = Social Dimensions of COVID-19 in South Africa: A Neglected Element of the Treatment Plan date = 2020-04-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4349 sentences = 200 flesch = 53 summary = From the social distancing necessary to reduce the speed of transmission and flatten the curve, to buying essential goods for the duration of a communal lockdown, to the suffering endured by not consuming alcohol and tobacco, to reports about the personal and collective economic costs, to the nightly release of case statistics by geographical region, to the biographies of those who have died, we have amassed a hefty repository of pandemic stories that are intended to reveal a shared humanity and promote common cause. The National Department of Health in its COVID-19 Infection Prevention and Control Guidelines for South Africa states an obvious truth about combatting the spread of the virus in our particular situation: "South Africa has a unique challenge of a large vulnerable immunocompromised population living in overcrowded conditions".(13) Over the past 26 years, prior to being hit by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, this is a frank admission that we have been sluggish in our duty to address the needs of the masses. cache = ./cache/cord-024078-d34e31zd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-024078-d34e31zd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-034373-7v7r44do author = Stevens, Jennifer P. title = Healthcare’s earthquake: Lessons from complex adaptive systems to develop Covid-19-responsive measures and models date = 2020-10-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2335 sentences = 112 flesch = 51 summary = As described by Sargut and McGrath, one of the biggest challenges health care leaders face in dealing with complex systems is the "vantage point" problem,1 where the individual actors and leaders are unable to truly see the whole,2 especially in rare events like Covid-19. While these systems primarily create a shared mental model for action, resource demands, and communications, they also bring to the fore additional voices and vantage points for managing health care delivery beyond the bounds of the immediate surge, including which metrics to follow and how to evaluate data. Finally, as health care systems face increasing shifts in the pandemic, we propose identifying forecasting tools that provide opportunities to learn about the complex system of our health care environment and Covid-19 itself, rather than depending on unrealistic assumptions. The result is a forecasting model that leverages the principles of complexity to guide hospital leadership, providing weekly updates to a group of health care leaders about how and when a new surge of infections may arrive.12 cache = ./cache/cord-034373-7v7r44do.txt txt = ./txt/cord-034373-7v7r44do.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-024673-cl8gydrj author = Rosen, Lawrence D. title = Whole Health Learning: The Revolutionary Child of Integrative Health and Education date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1927 sentences = 116 flesch = 45 summary = Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), potentially traumatic events disproportionately affecting our most vulnerable children, greatly increase risk for poor physical and emotional health outcomes in adults. Reducing academic and attendance challenges contributes to greater academic success, attenuates the impact of adverse experiences into adulthood, and improves health outcomes across the lifespan.(16) Educational policy has become increasingly reflective of the need to consider the overall wellbeing of the child -physically, socially, and emotionally -with a focus upon systems and programs that support that holistic scope. Access to an integrated, comprehensive, and customizable SEL-based wellness studies program, designed to mitigate ACEs and improve long term health via self-care competency, would greatly benefit students, educators, families, and communities. Notable is a priority -to teach children in preschool and grades K-12 social and emotional skills, including mindful awareness practices.‖ This expressed support of whole health learning programs within schools as effective means to ameliorate the impact of ACEs on education and health is welcome. cache = ./cache/cord-024673-cl8gydrj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-024673-cl8gydrj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-022075-bbae2nam author = Gougelet, Robert M. title = Disaster Mitigation date = 2009-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4490 sentences = 272 flesch = 40 summary = • The ability to maintain function • Building design • Locating buildings outside of hazard zones (e.g., flood plains) • Essential building utilities • Protection of building contents • Insurance • Public education • Surveillance • Warning • Evacuation It is of critical importance that emergency planners incorporate the basic elements of mitigation and have the authority and resources to incorporate these changes into their organization/facility/community. • Forming effective community-based partnerships for hazard mitigation purposes • Implementing effective hazard mitigation measures that reduce the potential damage from natural disasters • Ensuring continued functionality of critical services • Leveraging additional nonfederal resources in meeting natural disaster resistance goals • Making commitments to long-term hazard mitigation efforts to be applied to new and existing structures This important legislation sought to identify and assess the risks to states and local governments (including Indian tribes) from natural disasters. cache = ./cache/cord-022075-bbae2nam.txt txt = ./txt/cord-022075-bbae2nam.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-024088-020rgz5t author = Radandt, Siegfried title = Governance of Occupational Safety and Health and Environmental Risks date = 2008 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 39337 sentences = 2132 flesch = 47 summary = Depending on the type of hazard, the three topics, namely, safety, health and the environment, may share the common trait that the proper handling of risks, i.e., how to reduce probabilities and/or consequences of unwanted events is not always possible within a risk management system. A number of new occupational health and safety hazards have already arisen or are foreseen, including problems with the ergonomics of video display units, and musculoskeletal disorders in shoulder-neck and arm-hand systems, information overload, psychological stress, and pressure to learn new skills. Both managers and workers often do not see the need to improve occupational safety and health or ergonomic issues and their possibilities and benefits by reducing or eliminating risks at work. The explanations below present the basic procedure for developing safety-relevant arrangements and solutions, i.e. the thinking and decision-making processes, as well as selecting criteria that are significant for the identification of unwelcome events, the risk of an event, the acceptance limits and the adoption of measures. cache = ./cache/cord-024088-020rgz5t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-024088-020rgz5t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-022066-8aj480hz author = MacPherson, Douglas W. title = Health Screening in Immigrants, Refugees, and International Adoptees date = 2016-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3517 sentences = 171 flesch = 35 summary = The legal basis governing inadmissibility to the United States because of health-related conditions and authorization to undertake medical examination to determine that admissibility is found in the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) (Title 8 US Code). Currently, the regulations list the following as communicable diseases of public health significance: • For example, smallpox, poliomyelitis due to wild-type poliovirus, cholera, or viral hemorrhagic fevers (including Ebola) Currently a medical examination is required for all refugees entering the United States and all those applying for an immigrant visa from outside the United States. Currently, some refugee populations being resettled in the United States who are determined to be at increased risk for specific infections receive population-based treatment for malaria and intestinal parasites in addition to the routine immigration medical screening. Those conditions, while not relevant for immigration purposes, can be significant for new arrivals, and their identification and clinical management in the United States is important in some migrant populations. cache = ./cache/cord-022066-8aj480hz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-022066-8aj480hz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-035016-ipv8npdy author = Torreele, Els title = Business-as-Usual will not Deliver the COVID-19 Vaccines We Need date = 2020-11-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5574 sentences = 203 flesch = 39 summary = Touted by many as a major tour de force, the ongoing 'race' towards a vaccine is also exposing the intrinsic deficiencies of relying on for-profit pharmaceutical companies, that are governed by trade rules, financial speculation and market competition, to ensure the development of essential health technologies. This is antithetical to a collective intelligence effort that would allow scientists all over the world to creatively combine the best elements of our medical knowledge and technological advances into a diverse and innovative portfolio of vaccine candidates with the best chance to achieve our common public health goal (Torreele 2020b) . 5 A milestone resolution on transparency around medical R&D was passed at the 2019 World Health Assembly (Fletcher 2019 ), yet governments so far have failed to implement these commitments, despite huge financial investments in COVID-19 R&D that could have been used as leverage to demand transparency on scientific methods and data, as well as clinical trial costs, and set performance targets for the vaccines. cache = ./cache/cord-035016-ipv8npdy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-035016-ipv8npdy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-024933-vddwzeew author = Dhesi, Surindar title = The Developing Role of Evidence-Based Environmental Health: Perceptions, Experiences, and Understandings From the Front Line date = 2015-10-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7120 sentences = 323 flesch = 52 summary = This qualitative research has revealed differences in the perceptions, experiences, and understandings of evidence-based practice among public health professionals from different backgrounds across different services in health care and local government in England. This has, at times, resulted in tensions between professionals with different backgrounds and frustration on the part of environmental health practitioners, who have a tradition of responding quickly to new challenges and "getting on with the job." There is generally a willingness to develop evidence-based practice in environmental health; however, this will take time and investment. This article presents the findings of empirical research exploring EH practitioners' perceptions, and the challenges faced, around the adoption and use of evidence-based practice in the new English public health system. The evidence relating to the social determinants of health necessarily comprises a range of factors, including information and analysis, surveillance, research, evaluation, local knowledge, and good practice (i.e., what works, and why), and Rehfuess and Bartram (2014) note the value of systematic reviews here. cache = ./cache/cord-024933-vddwzeew.txt txt = ./txt/cord-024933-vddwzeew.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-020544-kc52thr8 author = Bradt, David A. title = Technical Annexes date = 2019-12-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6170 sentences = 471 flesch = 51 summary = However, if Dukoral is readily available and staff are properly trained in its use according to the guidelines that come with the vaccine, the COTS program PERMITS Dukoral's use (ideally before an outbreak) in the following high-risk populations: refugee populations in which cholera is present, health care workers managing cholera cases, and communities in which the incidence rate is greater than 1 in 1000 annually." [2] Epidemiological Surveillance (specific to cholera) cache = ./cache/cord-020544-kc52thr8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-020544-kc52thr8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-018364-b06084r1 author = LaBrunda, Michelle title = The Emerging Threat of Ebola date = 2019-06-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 13502 sentences = 795 flesch = 57 summary = Transmission of Ebola disease is still being studied, but it is known that person-toperson contact is the most common form of spread. One study found the risk of developing EVD for healthcare workers to be 100 times that of the general community during an outbreak of Ebola in Sierra Leone [67] . After the outbreak of SARS in 2003 many countries starting using boarder screening to try to identify possibly ill people in hopes of limiting spread of infectious disease, others jumped on board after the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic. An article by the CDC, published around the same time as the article recommending travel restriction for high-risk individuals, concludes that border screens are expensive and not effective in preventing the spread of disease [100] . Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations for Hospitalized Patients Under Investigation (PUIs) for Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) in U cache = ./cache/cord-018364-b06084r1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-018364-b06084r1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-024818-ntq02huc author = Wright, Natalie title = Health Emergency and Disaster Risk Management: Five Years into Implementation of the Sendai Framework date = 2020-04-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6509 sentences = 275 flesch = 43 summary = To enhance the resilience of national health systems, including by integrating disaster risk management into primary, secondary and tertiary health care, especially at the local level; developing the capacity of health workers in understanding disaster risk […] and supporting and training community health groups in disaster risk reduction approaches in health programmes, in collaboration with other sectors, as well as in the implementation of the International Health Regulations (2005) Being part of the UN system, the World Health Organization contributed to the lead-into the Sendai Framework and is now an active supporter and implementer of it. • The WHO Strategic Framework for Emergency Preparedness, which lays out the principles and constituents of effective country health emergency preparedness (WHO 2017); • The WHO's An R&D Blueprint for Action to Prevent Epidemics, a global strategy and preparedness plan that supports the rapid implementation of research and development activities during epidemics (WHO 2016b); and • The IHR (2005) Monitoring and Evaluation Framework that includes annual reporting by states parties, simulation exercises, after action reviews, and voluntary joint external evaluation, which is a collaborative process to assess a country's capacity to adhere to the IHR requirements (WHO 2016c). cache = ./cache/cord-024818-ntq02huc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-024818-ntq02huc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-023947-uijafp1p author = Vögele, Jörg title = Epidemien und Pandemien in historischer Perspektive date = 2016-06-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1948 sentences = 305 flesch = 55 summary = ) einige ausgewählte Zugangsmöglichkeiten skizziert und im Anschluss umgekehrt ausgehend von ausgewählten Gastroenteritiden potentielle Zugänge zu einer Geschichte der Seuchen abgeleitet werden . Schließlich danken wir auch den vielen Mitgliedern des Instituts für Geschichte der Medizin, die an Tagung und Tagungsband mitgewirkt haben . 77 Die zweite Sektion "Decameron revisited: Cultural Impact" widmet sich methodisch und inhaltlich den kulturgeschichtlichen Auswirkungen von Seuchen, insbesondere der Rezeptionsgeschichte der Pest . In der engeren Medizingeschichte weichen die Schilderungen von abenteuerlichen Expeditionen und spannenden Experimenten als moderne Heldengeschichte(n) 78 weitgehend zeitgemäßen wissenschaftshistorischen Analysen wie Netzwerk-oder Laborstudien . Auf dem Düsseldorfer Workshop, dem 2012 eine Tagung in Oldenburg folgte, 92 sollten daher Forschungen zur Geschichte der Seuchen und Infektionskrankheiten diskutiert werden, die Forschungslücken schließen und, wie seinerzeit von Martin Dinges gefordert, "neue Wege in der Seuchengeschichte" beschreiten . Colonizing the Body" -State Medicine and Epidemic Disease in Nineteenth-Century India Disease, Colonialism, and the State: Malaria in Modern East Asian History cache = ./cache/cord-023947-uijafp1p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-023947-uijafp1p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-025496-lezggdjb author = Hannah, Adam title = The promises and pitfalls of polysemic ideas: ‘One Health’ and antimicrobial resistance policy in Australia and the UK date = 2020-05-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7080 sentences = 364 flesch = 47 summary = This paper scopes the policy-making potential of polysemic ideas by examining the impact of an ambiguous concept known as 'One Health' on responses to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Australia and the UK. The cases show that Australian and UK governments both developed strategies against AMR while consulting broad arrays of stakeholders across human and animal health, food production, and the research sector. To scope the role of polysemic ideas in actual policy-making, we next investigate the political implications of 'One Health', a concept that has become accepted among global and national public health authorities as the key 'approach' to emerging infectious diseases (One Health 2017). While both countries have responded to AMR with national strategies and more specific policy initiatives, particularly in human health, Australia appears to be making less progress than the UK in critical areas such as surveillance in the veterinary health and food sectors. cache = ./cache/cord-025496-lezggdjb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-025496-lezggdjb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-035030-ig4nwtmi author = nan title = 10th European Conference on Rare Diseases & Orphan Products (ECRD 2020) date = 2020-11-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 12244 sentences = 688 flesch = 50 summary = Conclusion: With this survey Endo-ERN is provided with a large sample of responses from European patients with a rare endocrine condition, and those patients experience unmet needs in research, though these needs differ between the disease groups. Various factors compound the development of treatments for paediatric rare diseases, including the need for new Clinical Outcome Assessments (COAs), as conventional endpoints such as the 6 Minute Walking Test (6MWT) have been shown to not be applicable in all paediatric age subsets, [3] and therefore may not be useful in elucidating patient capabilities. S18 Background: To help inform cross-national development of genomic care pathways, we worked with families of patients with rare diseases and health professionals from two European genetic services cache = ./cache/cord-035030-ig4nwtmi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-035030-ig4nwtmi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-033287-24zkbi3z author = Ali, Sana title = Combatting Against Covid-19 & Misinformation: A Systematic Review date = 2020-10-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5786 sentences = 344 flesch = 39 summary = Although increased access to digital media platforms facilitated exponential access to information during the current pandemic, several fabricated stories are shared without quality checking and background (Pan American Healthcare Organization, 2020). As the World Health Organization warned about misinformation due to an independent media usage, today, people are finding it hard to search for a reliable source of information, hindering the response efforts causing severe damage to the struggle for mitigating the outbreak (Article 19 2020). An explicit example can be seen during the Covid-19 pandemic, where different media platforms are found disseminating the myths and false information (Article 19 2020). Furthermore, false information about Covid-19 is not a new phenomenon as many academics, researchers, journalists, and policymakers approached World Health Organization and emphasized that this would cause serious risk to public mental and physical health (Brennen et al. Impact of Rumors or Misinformation on Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Social Media cache = ./cache/cord-033287-24zkbi3z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-033287-24zkbi3z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-032492-2av9kl1c author = Feldman, Sue S. title = Impact of Provider Prior Use of HIE on System Complexity, Performance, Patient Care, Quality and System Concerns date = 2020-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7313 sentences = 348 flesch = 42 summary = Results indicated providers whom previously used HIE had more positive perceptions about its benefits in terms of system complexity (p = .001), care delivery (p = .000), population health (p = .003), and provider performance (p = .005); women providers were more positive in terms of system concerns (p = .000); patient care (p = .031), and population health (p = .009); providers age 44–55 were more positive than older and younger groups in terms of patient care (p = .032), population health (p = .021), and provider performance (p = .014); while differences also existed across professional license groups (physician, nurse, other license, admin (no license)) for all five constructs (p < .05); and type of organization setting (hospital, ambulatory clinic, medical office, other) for three constructs including system concerns (p = .017), population health (p = .018), and provider performance (p = .018). The survey had three sections: (1) demographics (age, job, gender) and system usage characteristics; (2) familiarity with technology; and (3) user perceptions across an author generated scale inclusive of the following constructs: system complexity, health information exchange system concerns, provider performance, patient care, and population care. cache = ./cache/cord-032492-2av9kl1c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-032492-2av9kl1c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-034243-iz2alys0 author = Francis, John G. title = Fairness in the Use of Information About Carriers of Resistant Infections date = 2020-04-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6171 sentences = 283 flesch = 43 summary = One standard menu of approaches to the prevalence of anti-microbial resistance diseases is to enhance surveillance, fund research to develop new antimicrobials, and educate providers and patients to reduce unnecessary antimicrobial use. Moreover, in today's world of investment in drug discovery, "creating an environment in which data exchange and knowledge sharing are the status quo will be difficult given proprietary concerns and the variety of information types and formats, which may range from historical data to new findings produced as part of this research effort." The Pew consensus is that the following forms of information sharing are needed: a review of what is known about compounds that effectively penetrate gram-negative bacteria, a searchable catalogue of chemical matter including an ongoing list of promising antibacterial compounds, information on screening assays and conditions tested, and an informational database of available biological and physicochemical data. These four aspects of fairness-who is included in the play, what opportunities they have, how these opportunities are balanced, and whether there are elements of reciprocity-can be used to set vector and victim perspectives into context in addressing the gathering and use of information about antimicrobial resistance. cache = ./cache/cord-034243-iz2alys0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-034243-iz2alys0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-022506-fkddo12n author = Griffin, Brenda title = Population Wellness: Keeping Cats Physically and Behaviorally Healthy date = 2011-12-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 23797 sentences = 1308 flesch = 50 summary = Aside from informally "getting to know" cats during their initial acclimation period in a facility, a systematic â�¢ The ability to create different functional areas in the living environments for elimination, resting, and eating â�¢ The ability to hide in a secure place â�¢ The ability to rest/sleep without being disturbed â�¢ The ability to change locations within the environment, including using vertical space for perching â�¢ The ability to regulate body temperature by moving to warmer or cooler surfaces in the environment â�¢ The ability to scratch (which is necessary for claw health and stretching, as well as visual and scent marking) â�¢ The ability to play and exercise at will â�¢ The ability to acquire mental stimulation Because these needs will vary depending upon such factors as life stage, personality, and prior socialization and experience, facilities should maintain a variety of housing styles in order to meet the individual needs of different cats in the population (Figure 46-11) . cache = ./cache/cord-022506-fkddo12n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-022506-fkddo12n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-035044-duzoa2v7 author = Sondermann, Elena title = The threat of thinking in threats: reframing global health during and after COVID-19 date = 2020-11-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4640 sentences = 226 flesch = 50 summary = In this contribution, we critically engage with existing narratives of global health security and show how the logic of exceptionalism is limiting the current responses to the pandemic. Through the linkage of health to "security against threats" the narrative of health security operates with a logic of exceptionalism: (external, also distant) health issues (i.e. infectious diseases) are perceived as positing severe or extraordinary danger to the physical well-being of individuals or entire societies, a threat to the normal (economic, cultural, financial) way of life in a country. This narrative of securing against infectious diseases is inherent to mainstream framing of health security and has provided the context and repertoire for emplotment regarding the Coronavirus pandemic. COVID-19 is a prime example of how the logic of exceptionalism is shaping and limiting the K The threat of thinking in threats: reframing global health during and after responses to it: The range of policy choices is still primarily focused on emergency measures (see Fig. 3 ). cache = ./cache/cord-035044-duzoa2v7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-035044-duzoa2v7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-025056-geboovve author = Xu, Yeqing title = Mental health services in Shanghai during the COVID-19 outbreak date = 2020-05-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1389 sentences = 79 flesch = 54 summary = Furthermore, adequate and necessary attention was required for patients with mental health disorders in the COVID-19 epidemic (Yao, Chen & Xu, 2020) . If the test results are positive, patients will be transferred to Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center for further treatment (one to four psychiatrists are working there during the epidemic, offering psychiatric consultations for patients and psychological services for medics). All these strict measures help us to make sure there is no coronavirus infection in psychiatric hospitals, but also makes the access to mental health services more difficult. Free online lectures are also offered by experts from SMHC and other mental health centers in Shanghai to advise people how to deal with negative emotions during the epidemic. Mental health services are offered to patients and medics both in Shanghai and in Wuhan. Mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak Patients with mental health disorders in the COVID-19 epidemic cache = ./cache/cord-025056-geboovve.txt txt = ./txt/cord-025056-geboovve.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-033331-giku34r9 author = Manrique-Saide, Pablo title = The TIRS trial: protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial assessing the efficacy of preventive targeted indoor residual spraying to reduce Aedes-borne viral illnesses in Merida, Mexico date = 2020-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9912 sentences = 487 flesch = 45 summary = METHODS/DESIGN: We are pursuing a two-arm, parallel, unblinded, cluster randomized controlled trial to quantify the overall efficacy of TIRS in reducing the burden of laboratory-confirmed ABV clinical disease (primary endpoint). Fitting such entomological information to an agent-based model of Yucatan State, Mexico, showed that high levels of TIRS coverage (75% of houses treated once per year) applied preemptively before the typical dengue season (before July) could reduce DENV infections by 89.7% in year 1 and 78.2% cumulatively over the first 5 years of an annual program [32] . Additionally, our project will access the online ABV database managed by Mexico's National Center of Preventive Programs and Diseases Control (CENAPRECE) [51] to identify all reported symptomatic cases (including all ages, not only children) residing within study clusters in real time, and to map routine vector control actions performed by SSY. cache = ./cache/cord-033331-giku34r9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-033331-giku34r9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-026999-r8teblhs author = DiBenigno, Julia title = Structuring mental health support for frontline caregivers during COVID-19: lessons from organisational scholarship on unit-aligned support date = 2020-06-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4057 sentences = 167 flesch = 35 summary = Findings To address these pervasive goal and identity conflicts in professional organisations, we translate the results of a multiyear research study examining the US Army's efforts to transform its mental health support during the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. We describe how an intentional organisational design used by the US Army that assigned specific mental health personnel to frontline units helped to mitigate professional goal and identity conflicts by creating personalised relationships and contextualising mental health offerings. We describe how an intentional organisational design used by the US Army that assigned specific mental health personnel to frontline units helped to mitigate professional goal and identity conflicts by creating personalised relationships and contextualising mental health offerings. Third, we discuss the implications of the Army study for healthcare organisations and highlight the potential for skilful organisational design to help address goal and identity conflicts by assigning mental health personnel to support specific frontline units. cache = ./cache/cord-026999-r8teblhs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-026999-r8teblhs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-031508-1l9dxc16 author = Bradbury, Sarah title = Mind over matter date = 2020-09-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1488 sentences = 88 flesch = 67 summary = For some people the isolation of feeling confined to their home had a severe impact on their mental health -too much worry, stress or even boredom can have an effect, and if not recognised and dealt with, could see you suffering way beyond the time a vaccine is found for COVID-19. 8, 10 She was also the lead in a BDA event in February this year, that gathered key stakeholders in UK dentistry to see how they could collaborate on improving the services and support for the mental health and wellbeing of dentists, as it has always been an important consideration, even before the pandemic hit. Bear in mind that the GDC does expect dental professionals to look after their own health in the interests of providing safe care for patients. News release: Depression and anxiety spiked after lockdown announcement, coronavirus mental health study shows cache = ./cache/cord-031508-1l9dxc16.txt txt = ./txt/cord-031508-1l9dxc16.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-028590-rw0okd0p author = Westgarth, David title = What does the future hold for the workforce of tomorrow? date = 2020-07-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4657 sentences = 222 flesch = 62 summary = 'Many hospitals have had to adapt to become urgent dental care hubs during the peak of the pandemic, with both the hospitals I work in beginning to start to resume some ' According to a new poll by the mental health charity Mind, many people who were previously well will develop mental health problems as a 'direct consequence of the pandemic and all that follows', with the worst yet to come.' routine services. ' As always, the impact will be greatest on the most vulnerable of the profession: new graduates, many of whom have lost their part-time jobs; young dentists leaving dental foundation training and potentially struggling to find their first associateship; and dental care professional colleagues who are significantly affected by the closure of practices and the expected lengthy return to the provision of dentistry over the coming months. cache = ./cache/cord-028590-rw0okd0p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-028590-rw0okd0p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-033329-gi0mug1p author = Montesi, Michela title = Understanding fake news during the Covid-19 health crisis from the perspective of information behaviour: The case of Spain date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8281 sentences = 362 flesch = 43 summary = A sample of 242 fake news items was collected from the Maldita.es website and analysed according to the criteria of cognitive and affective authority, interactivity, themes and potential danger. The results point to a practical absence of indicators of cognitive authority (53.7%), while the affective authority of these news items is built through mechanisms of discrediting people, ideas or movements (40.7%) and, secondarily, the use of offensive or coarse language (17.7%) and comparison or reference to additional information sources (26.6%). An important part of the research has focused on the analysis of all kinds of information spread via social media (Cinelli et al., 2020; Ferrara, 2020; Singh et al., 2020) , whilst others have suggested interventions for improving news and science literacy as empowering tools for users to identify, consume and share high-quality information (Vraga et al., 2020b) . In this research, a sample of fake news items collected by the Maldita.es project during the Covid-19 health crisis in Spain was classified according to the criteria of authority, interactivity, theme and potential danger. cache = ./cache/cord-033329-gi0mug1p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-033329-gi0mug1p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-027704-zm1nae6h author = Vito, Domenico title = The PULSE Project: A Case of Use of Big Data Uses Toward a Cohomprensive Health Vision of City Well Being date = 2020-05-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2924 sentences = 145 flesch = 44 summary = In the year 2015 ITU and the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) gave the definition of smart and sustainable city as "an innovative city that uses information and communication technologies (ICTs) and other means to improve quality of life, efficiency of urban operation and services, and competitiveness, while ensuring that it meets the needs of present and future generations with respect to economic, social, environmental as well as cultural aspects". The project is currently active in eight pilot cities, Barcelona, Birmingham, New York, Paris, Singapore, Pavia, Keelung and Taiwan, following a participatory approach where citizen provide data through personal devices and the PulsAIR app, that are integrated with information from heterogeneous sources: open city data, health systems, urban sensors and satellites. The clinical is on asthma and Type 2 Diabetes in adult populations: the project has been pioneer in the development of dynamic spatiotemporal health impact assessments through exposure-risk simulation model with the support of WebGis for geolocated population-based data. cache = ./cache/cord-027704-zm1nae6h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-027704-zm1nae6h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-030771-0x0d56fb author = Sorenson, Corinna title = Building A Better Health Care System Post-Covid-19: Steps for Reducing Low-Value and Wasteful Care date = 2020-08-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2813 sentences = 141 flesch = 48 summary = The upheaval in the provision of routine health care caused by the Covid-19 pandemic offers an unprecedented opportunity to reduce low-value care significantly with concurrent efforts from providers and health systems, payers, policymakers, employers, and patients. The coming months offer a unique and critical window for providers and health systems, and the stakeholders who support and interact with them, to take short-and long-term steps to reduce waste and build a better system that prioritizes high-quality, high-value care. • Code sets or specifications to measure a range of low-value care services in Medicare, Medicaid, and commercial claims data Leveraging alternative care pathways and care sites, such as telehealth, home-based care, and community-based care, can also help keep patients out of the ED and provide alternatives to lowvalue and wasteful care. Policymakers should create opportunities for providers, health systems, and payers to pilot innovative models that reduce low-value care and reflect the new Covid-19 reality, integrating telehealth and a wider range of health care professionals. cache = ./cache/cord-030771-0x0d56fb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-030771-0x0d56fb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-030886-yirpxgqi author = Ibáñez-Vizoso, Jesús E. title = International Mental Health perspectives on the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 pandemic() date = 2020-08-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1549 sentences = 101 flesch = 46 summary = Several studies have described an important psychological impact of these epidemics on the general population, patients, and health workers, proposing different measures to guarantee Mental Health and prevent the progression of psychopathology in these circumstances. 9 During the 2003 SARS epidemic, the affected patients in a Toronto hospital experienced fear, loneliness, anger, the psychological effects resulting from symptoms of infection and concern about quarantine and contagion. 1 These epidemics, caused by other coronaviruses, may offer clues about the possible effects on Mental Health of COVID-19 in the general population, among patients and among health workers. Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China The mental health of medical workers in Wuhan China dealing with the 2019 novel coronavirus Mental health care measures in response to the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in Korea cache = ./cache/cord-030886-yirpxgqi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-030886-yirpxgqi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-024991-9ybyt89r author = Hastings, Gerard title = COVID-19: our last teachable moment date = 2020-05-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4261 sentences = 226 flesch = 62 summary = Le Monde however, sees prima face evidence of systemic problems with neoliberal global capitalism 6 , as does the French President whose March 12 address to the nation proclaimed the need to cross-examine our economic system which has been shown by COVID-19 to be so conspicuously flawed 7 . COVID 19 has served to underline this power, as Mark Grindle 11 points out: " the UK Government's first response to coronavirus was to allow big US tech companies to centralise and mine confidential UK patients' health data" and "the Scientific Group for Emergencies (SAGE) advising the UK Government's response to the pandemic included those with evidenced and significant AI and data mining business interests." Naomi Klein confirms that this power grab is very much an international phenomenon 12 . It's not." 20 We health educators and social marketers need to help people to care more; to think critically; to exercise their human rights. cache = ./cache/cord-024991-9ybyt89r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-024991-9ybyt89r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-029596-tdrhcq7z author = Mjåset, Christer title = On Having a National Strategy in a Time of Crisis: Covid-19 Lessons from Norway date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1851 sentences = 130 flesch = 63 summary = An emergency unit of leading health care officials was formed, and a clear strategy was developed to flatten the curve of newly infected individuals to prevent overwhelming the health care services and to reduce mortality rates.13 , 14 Based on reports from the Norwegian Institute of Public Health, an early and important measure turned out to be the early and aggressive testing regime.15 It included testing of all people in confirmed contact with confirmed Covid-19 cases, people who recently had been traveling in outbreak areas, such as Italy and China, and screening of people with current airway infections.16 " The information gathered from the test data directly led to the decision on March 12, 2020, to close schools and quarantine everyone entering the country for 14 days, as it was becoming obvious that the virus was spreading freely in communities.17 , 18 As of April 12, Norway had tested 23.21 people per 1,000 population for Covid-19. cache = ./cache/cord-029596-tdrhcq7z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-029596-tdrhcq7z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-030529-2wkes9nk author = Goggin, Gerard title = COVID-19 apps in Singapore and Australia: reimagining healthy nations with digital technology date = 2020-08-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7370 sentences = 343 flesch = 53 summary = In this article, I consider the development, deployment and imagined uses of apps in two countries: Singapore, a pioneer in the field, with its TraceTogether app, and Australia, a country that adapted Singapore's app, devising its own COVIDSafe, as key to its national public health strategy early in the crisis. The data sets generated by smartphones, computers, apps and people's use of them, such as that data collected by Apple and Google, were used by public health officials, researchers and journalists to map population or district-level activity and movement, leading to the very interesting charts, graphs and visualisations in news and current affairs reports and features seeking to map and analyse the spread of COVID and its impact on social and economic activity. With much at stake in terms of public health concerns at a critical juncture of the COVID pandemic, the Australian government emphasised that it was keen to adopt a 'consent-based' model, hence its interest in adapting the Singapore TraceTogether app. cache = ./cache/cord-030529-2wkes9nk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-030529-2wkes9nk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-034942-ezwt39rq author = Asayama, Shinichiro title = Are we ignoring a black elephant in the Anthropocene? Climate change and global pandemic as the crisis in health and equality date = 2020-11-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4536 sentences = 238 flesch = 53 summary = Climate change and coronavirus pandemic are the twin crises in the Anthropocene, the era in which unsustainable growth of human activities has led to a significant change in the global environment. We suggest three agendas for future climate and sustainability research after the pandemic: (1) focus on health and well-being, (2) moral engagement through empathy, and (3) science of loss for managing grief. While climate change and global pandemic can be equally understood as great challenges in the Anthropocene, their manifestation has been pronounced differently due to a difference in disciplinary concerns between environmental sustainability research and public health research. Both climate change and the coronavirus pandemic attest to the fact that we are now living in the Anthropocene, the era in which unsustainable growth of human activities has caused a significant change in the global environment. cache = ./cache/cord-034942-ezwt39rq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-034942-ezwt39rq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-030872-qhyjhk1r author = Wissow, Lawrence S. title = Policy recommendations to promote integrated mental health care for children and youth date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3222 sentences = 164 flesch = 40 summary = 19 Integration continues to face significant barriers, including lack of consensus on how primary care and co-located mental health professionals should share roles, the need for substantial transformation in how practices operate if they are to provide mental health care, 20 financing schemes that do not incentivize treatment in primary care or collaboration with mental health providers, 21 and a lack of mental health practitioners trained to work in primary care settings (especially in linguistically and culturally diverse communities). d. HRSA could expand and institutionalize its support so that all states could have so-called "child psychiatry access programs" that promote interprofessional collaboration and education supporting mental health service delivery in the pediatric primary care. 46, 47 These programs provide informal mental health consultation to primary care providers around specific patient's problems, and many currently have primary care provider training and practice transformation components which could be expanded to include helping integrated behavioral health providers (including those in schools) adopt and use evidencebased brief interventions or telepsychiatry when necessary. cache = ./cache/cord-030872-qhyjhk1r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-030872-qhyjhk1r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-030922-l7xuu9a5 author = Bergström, Anna title = The use of the PARIHS framework in implementation research and practice—a citation analysis of the literature date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 12740 sentences = 569 flesch = 37 summary = BACKGROUND: The Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARIHS) framework was developed two decades ago and conceptualizes successful implementation (SI) as a function (f) of the evidence (E) nature and type, context (C) quality, and the facilitation (F), [SI = f (E,C,F)]. The PARIHS framework is a commonly used conceptual framework [1, 4] that posits successful implementation (SI) as a function (f) of the nature and type of evidence (E) (including research, clinical experience, patient experience, and local information), the qualities of the context (C) of implementation (including culture, leadership, and evaluation), and the way the implementation process is facilitated (F) (internal and/or external person acting as a facilitator to enable the process of implementation); SI = f(E,C,F). Categorical data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, whereas the open-ended items were analyzed qualitatively [16] , including the collated extractions of data to illustrate each of the four types of use (i.e., how the PARIHS framework was depicted in terms of (1) planning and delivering an intervention, (2) analysis, (3) evaluation of study findings, and/or (4) in any other way). cache = ./cache/cord-030922-l7xuu9a5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-030922-l7xuu9a5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-034270-0fcac9aw author = Srisai, Patinya title = Perspectives of Migrants and Employers on the National Insurance Policy (Health Insurance Card Scheme) for Migrants: A Case Study in Ranong, Thailand date = 2020-10-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7255 sentences = 410 flesch = 56 summary = title: Perspectives of Migrants and Employers on the National Insurance Policy (Health Insurance Card Scheme) for Migrants: A Case Study in Ranong, Thailand BACKGROUND AND PURPOSES: Thailand has implemented a nationwide insurance policy for migrants, namely the Health Insurance Card Scheme (HICS), for a long time. 15 Migrants who enter the country lawfully and work in the formal sector (like firms, factories or enterprises) need not buy the HICS as they are covered by the Social Security Scheme (SSS), which is the same social insurance for Thai formal workers. Overall, this study provides perspectives from and adaptive behaviour of Myanmar beneficiaries towards the HICS, the main insurance policy for cross-border migrants in Thailand. The migrants' and employers' perspectives on and responses to the Health Insurance Card Scheme (HICS) in this study reflect the challenges faced in policy implementation. cache = ./cache/cord-034270-0fcac9aw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-034270-0fcac9aw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-027552-6ne9yrc5 author = Ingoglia, Chuck title = Our Voice and Our Vote Are More Important Than Ever Before date = 2020-06-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 722 sentences = 43 flesch = 66 summary = We must speak up and elect leaders we can depend on, taking decisive action to protect the needs of those living with mental and addictive disorders. Whatever format, we must exercise our right to vote while prioritizing the needs of the behavioral health community and those we serve. Community mental health and addiction treatment centers are community hubs, places people go to get help. We know that early interventions are imperative and a number of the articles in this issue concentrate on youth, focusing on ways pediatric behavioral health services might intervene to reduce non-urgent emergency departments visits (in the Keefe et al. 3 Additionally, we focus on the importance of diversity by highlighting the nature of mental health needs among an emerging Latino community with limited health care information (in the Bucay-Harari et al. Mental health needs of an emerging Latino community Reducing the treatment gap for LGBT mental health needs: The potential of telepsychiatry cache = ./cache/cord-027552-6ne9yrc5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-027552-6ne9yrc5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-035012-9r8hlwyd author = Rhyan, Corwin title = Tracking the U.S. health sector: the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-11-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5898 sentences = 240 flesch = 56 summary = While traditional federal government data such as the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) employment and price data, and Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) GDP and National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) data, do include a health care component, health economists and policymakers most frequently cite and follow the data from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services' (CMS) annual National Health Expenditure Accounts (NHEA; available at https :// www.cms.gov/Resea rch-Stati stics -Data-and-Syste ms/Stati stics -Trend s-and-Repor ts/Natio nalHe althE xpend Data). To fill the need for more timely tracking of the health economy, we developed (with the assistance of other current and former Altarum experts) the publicly available Health Sector Economic Indicators SM (HSEI; available at https ://altar um.org/solut ion/healt h-secto r-spend ing), a set of metrics and associated data briefs that provide preliminary health spending estimates on a monthly basis, while benchmarking to the CMS NHEA health categories and historical estimates. cache = ./cache/cord-035012-9r8hlwyd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-035012-9r8hlwyd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-035137-uxtaw02u author = Chowdhury, Anis Z. title = Responding to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Developing Countries: Lessons from Selected Countries of the Global South date = 2020-11-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6821 sentences = 363 flesch = 51 summary = But most national authorities outside of East Asia did not take adequate early precautionary measures speedily enough to contain the spread of the outbreak, typically by promoting safe 'physical distancing', obligatory use of masks in public areas, and other measures to reduce the spread and likelihood of infection. Government capacity to respond depends crucially on system capacity and capabilities-e.g., authorities' ability to speedily trace, isolate and treat the infected-and available fiscal resources-e.g., to quickly enhance testing capacity and secure personal protective equipment (PPE). Finally, it draws some implications of different policy responses in East Asia, Southeast Asia-especially Vietnam, and India's Kerala state-Argentina, Brazil and Peru, that are relevant for other countries. And where communities or clusters had significant infection rates, urgent, targeted measures could have helped 'turn the tide' on COVID-19 with decisive early actions, as in China, Korea and Vietnam, without imposing nationwide 'stay in shelter' or 'shelter in place' lockdowns, 16 or restrictions on movements of people within its borders. cache = ./cache/cord-035137-uxtaw02u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-035137-uxtaw02u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-034133-tx0hciiv author = Engda, Tigist title = The contribution of medical educational system of the College of Medicine, and Health Sciences of the University of Gondar in Ethiopia on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of graduate students of Health Sciences in relation to the prevention and control of nosocomial infections during the academic year of 2018 date = 2020-10-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3923 sentences = 192 flesch = 45 summary = title: The contribution of medical educational system of the College of Medicine, and Health Sciences of the University of Gondar in Ethiopia on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of graduate students of Health Sciences in relation to the prevention and control of nosocomial infections during the academic year of 2018 This study aimed to assess the contribution of the medical education system on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the graduate students of health sciences about the prevention and control of nosocomial infection in the College of Medicine and Health Sciences at the University of Gondar in the Academic Year of 2018. Therefore, the current study intended to determine the impact of the medical education system on the knowledge, attitude, and practice of graduate health sciences students about the prevention and control of nosocomial infections at the University of Gondar. cache = ./cache/cord-034133-tx0hciiv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-034133-tx0hciiv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-033772-uzgya4k9 author = Strömmer, Sofia title = Engaging adolescents in changing behaviour (EACH-B): a study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial to improve dietary quality and physical activity date = 2020-10-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9079 sentences = 401 flesch = 48 summary = The EACH-B intervention consists of three linked elements: professional development for teachers including training in communication skills to support health behaviour change; the LifeLab educational module comprising in-school teaching of nine science lessons linked to the English National Curriculum and a practical day visit to the LifeLab facility; and a personalised digital intervention that involves social support and game features that promote eating better and being more active. i) Professional development for teachers including training in communication skills to support health behaviour change, known as 'Healthy Conversation Skills' (HCS), explained in detail below ii) LifeLab educational module comprising in-school teaching of nine science lessons linked to the English National Curriculum and a hands-on practical day visit to LifeLab, held part way through the module iii) A personalised digital intervention (the 'app') with social support and game features cache = ./cache/cord-033772-uzgya4k9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-033772-uzgya4k9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-034169-nkosr3br author = Williams, Katie title = Home visiting: A lifeline for families during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-10-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3820 sentences = 173 flesch = 41 summary = Home visiting is an essential preventative social service model that builds on the families' own strengths J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f and supports them to navigate circumstances and stressors contributing to health inequities in underserved communities. Home visitors provide services that improve health care access and education to participants; they collaborate with families to assist in navigating health and social systems and give dedicated attention that may be more problematic to obtain in the traditional health system (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014) . Nurses and clinically trained technicians are also direct-care providers in some home visiting models, including Nurse Family Partnership, supporting individuals with health education, counseling, and medical services outside of the clinic system. cache = ./cache/cord-034169-nkosr3br.txt txt = ./txt/cord-034169-nkosr3br.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-027756-w44t68tj author = Coggon, John title = Postscript: COVID-19 and the Legal Determinants of Health date = 2020-05-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1075 sentences = 56 flesch = 56 summary = We reflect briefly on emerging responses to COVID-19, and raise important questions of ethics and law that must be addressed; including through the lens of legal determinants, and with critical attention to what it means to protect health with justice. Since this special issue of Public Health Ethics went into production, the global pandemic of COVID-19 has led to extraordinary measures being taken in many countries, including those where we each live (the UK and USA, respectively). Available online at www.phe.oxfordjournals.org PUBLIC HEALTH ETHICS 2020 • 1-2 emergency, and it demands coordinated responses and political leadership that take a global outlook. Colleagues in global and public health, including scholars in ethics and law, will therefore rightly be attentive to the implications of this crisis at subnational, national, international, and global levels. Beyond liberty: social values and public health ethics in responses to COVID-19 Responding to COVID-19: How to Navigate a Public Health Emergency Legally and Ethically cache = ./cache/cord-027756-w44t68tj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-027756-w44t68tj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-027859-citynr6c author = P. Shetty, Nandini title = Epidemiology of Disease in the Tropics date = 2020-06-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9147 sentences = 466 flesch = 53 summary = No more than six deadly infectious diseases: pneumonia, tuberculosis, diarrhoeal diseases, malaria, measles and more recently, HIV/AIDS, account for half of all premature deaths, killing mostly children and young adults (Figure 3 .3). 9 In May 2002, the World Health Organization and the United Nations Children's Fund recommended that the formulation of oral rehydration solution (ORS) for treatment of patients with diarrhoea be changed to one with a reduced osmolarity and that safety of the new formulation, particularly development of symptomatic hyponatremia, be monitored. Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe diarrhoeal disease in infants and young children all over the world, and an important public health problem, particularly in developing countries where 600 000 deaths each year are associated with this infection. falciparum causes most of the severe disease and deaths attributable to malaria and is most prevalent in Africa south of the Sahara and in certain areas of South-east Asia and the Western Pacifi c (Figure 3.7) . cache = ./cache/cord-027859-citynr6c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-027859-citynr6c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-029633-njeewhv3 author = Ryu, Jaewon title = A Flower Blooms in the Bitter Soil of the Covid-19 Crisis date = 2020-06-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2056 sentences = 87 flesch = 51 summary = Because providers in value-based payment environments are not constrained by the need to maximize the volume of care, they have the freedom to experiment with novel ways to reduce costs and improve outcomes. By design, this thinking is required in value-based payment relationships where providers are financially responsible for the health of their entire panel, or "population," of patients. We must accelerate our efforts to reduce costs while improving care, and value-based payment models are best positioned to do this. The urgency of the current crisis has mobilized the United States to align and cooperate in new and flexible ways that leverage public health principles. The collaboration and ingenuity we have seen during this crisis should give us hope that we can make progress on issues that have seemed intractable, and transitioning to value-based payment models will help to create the conditions and alignment we will need to act. cache = ./cache/cord-029633-njeewhv3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-029633-njeewhv3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-035138-7v92aukg author = Tognoni, Gianni title = Health as a Human Right: A Fake News in a Post-human World? date = 2020-11-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5060 sentences = 229 flesch = 47 summary = Based on a synthetic overview that embraces the evolution of the 'health' concept, and its related institutions, from the role of health as the main indicator of fundamental human rights—as envisaged in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights—to its qualification as the systems of disease control dependent on criteria of economic sustainability, the paper focuses on the implications and the impact of such evolution in two model scenarios which are centred on the COVID-19 pandemia. 1 Their cumulative experience, derived from the insides of these most diverse scenarios, has provided them with a solid confirmation of what has emerged with a growing consensus also in the most prestigious 'scientific' literature, in the last 10 years: structural inequality is the direct product and the expected outcome of the mainstream models of development, which trigger a highly visible impact on the rights to health and life, and prove to be a systemic source of in-human levels of inequity (Evans 2020 ). cache = ./cache/cord-035138-7v92aukg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-035138-7v92aukg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-033803-79me0615 author = Holland, Caroline title = Why prevention must be targeted, creative and multi-faceted date = 2020-10-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1730 sentences = 94 flesch = 59 summary = ' With dental practices and many early years settings closed, Jo described how everyone involved in the programme did what they could to ensure children still got their toothbrushing packs. As in Manchester, programmes are geared to funding GDPs to provide prevention as well as building links between dental practices early years settings and health visitor and social care teams. GDP Mohsan Ahmad, Chair of the Local Dental Network, wrote the foreword to a document 4 setting out the three-year plan, stressing that dental teams would play an essential part, by engaging communities to value good oral health, driving improvement in outcomes. In January of last year, the Greater Manchester Health and Social Care Partnership (GMHSCP) launched 6 a £1.5 million programme to reduce dental decay. A key development was the Green Paper published last year 10 in which the Government committed to put prevention at the heart of all its health and social care decisionmaking. cache = ./cache/cord-033803-79me0615.txt txt = ./txt/cord-033803-79me0615.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-033401-0o1g1924 author = Jerry II, Robert H title = COVID-19: responsibility and accountability in a world of rationing date = 2020-09-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6591 sentences = 310 flesch = 49 summary = 62 Effective April 17, 2020, Wisconsin grants immunity to health care providers -for the death of or injury to any individual or any damages caused by actions or omissions‖ that were provided during the COVID-19 state of emergency or up to 60 days after its termination if such acts or omissions are rendered pursuant to the -direction, guidance, recommendation, or other statement made by a federal, state, or local official to address or in response to the emergency or disaster.‖ Wis. Stat. Cuomo of New York, which, among other things, extended immunity to physicians and other health care providers from -civil liability for any injury or death alleged to have been sustained directly as a result of an act or omission by such medical professional in the course of providing medical services in support of the State's response to the COVID-19 outbreak‖ unless it was cache = ./cache/cord-033401-0o1g1924.txt txt = ./txt/cord-033401-0o1g1924.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-033736-bsmqqi6j author = Bajraktari, Saranda title = Health-promoting and preventive interventions for community-dwelling older people published from inception to 2019: a scoping review to guide decision making in a Swedish municipality context date = 2020-10-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10534 sentences = 489 flesch = 41 summary = Eligible studies were: 1) interventions categorised as health promotion (HP) or primary prevention (PP) following the WHO's definition [1, 2] and addressing behavioural risk factors, injury prevention, physical health, social and mental health, 2) including populations of community-living older people 65+ as of it being the lowest retirement age in the Nordic Countries, hence exclude the risk of missing relevant studies due to the age limitation, 3) implemented in a Nordic country (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden and Faroe Islands), 4) studies applying a randomized controlled trial design (RCT) for the evaluation of effects (research question six), 5) studies related to the identified RCTs addressing the remaining research question, e.g. experiences of participants, feasibility as well as studies on cost-effectiveness. Five studies had samples consisting only of female participants [32, Table 2 Detailed results concerning intervention content, effects on health outcomes, and feasibility aspects of included studies in the field of health-promoting and preventive interventions for community dwelling older people in the Nordic countries from inception to 2019 (Continued) cache = ./cache/cord-033736-bsmqqi6j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-033736-bsmqqi6j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-035182-ax6v3ak5 author = Griebenow, Reinhard title = Outcomes in CME/CPD - Special Collection: How to make the “pyramid” a perpetuum mobile date = 2020-10-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2781 sentences = 165 flesch = 45 summary = To enhance the effect CME may achieve in improving community health the authors suggest a kick-off/keep-on continuum of medical competence, and integration of aspects of public health at all levels from planning to delivery and outcomes measurement in CME. Continuing medical education (CME) should not be an end in itself, but as expressed in Moore's pyramid [1] , help to improve both individual patient and ultimately community health. Continuing medical education (CME) should not be an end in itself, but as expressed in Moore's pyramid [1] , help to improve both individual patient and ultimately community health. On the one hand there is some evidence for the impact of this strategy on physician performance and patient outcomes [82] , but on the other hand this is not the appropriate strategy to address gaps in community health, and tends to create an attitude of unbalanced activism. The impact of CME on physician performance and patient health outcomes: an updated synthesis of systematic reviews cache = ./cache/cord-035182-ax6v3ak5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-035182-ax6v3ak5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-048449-mzn448zk author = Challen, Kirsty title = Clinical review: Mass casualty triage – pandemic influenza and critical care date = 2007-04-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4256 sentences = 202 flesch = 46 summary = Contingency planning should, therefore, be multi-faceted, involving a robust health command structure, the facility to expand critical care provision in terms of space, equipment and staff and cohorting of affected patients in the early stages. Properly constructed plans for the delivery of critical care during an influenza pandemic must include the ability to deal with excessive demand, high and possibly extreme mortality, and the risk to the health of critical care staff. A number of intensive care scoring systems have demonstrated their power in using physiological derangement to predict mortality or higher resource requirements, whatever the presenting diagnosis [45] [46] [47] [48] [49] . Physiological scores have also been demonstrated to be good predictors of requirement for higher level care on hospital wards [50] , in medical assessment units [51, 52] and in the Emergency Department [53] . cache = ./cache/cord-048449-mzn448zk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-048449-mzn448zk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-030018-sabmw7wf author = El-Shabrawi, Mortada title = Infant and child health and healthcare before and after COVID-19 pandemic: will it be the same ever? date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3270 sentences = 175 flesch = 47 summary = BACKGROUND: The novel corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) current pandemic is an unpreceded global health crisis. COVID-19 pandemic proved rapidly to be a major international medical problem that has many sequences on infants, children, and adolescents. There is an urging challenge of how to provide the required healthcare needed by infants and children in due time and place avoiding the possibility to catch SARS-CoV-2 infection if they go to seek medical advice at hospitals or healthcare facilities. The mandatory lockdown and inevitable social distancing measures due to the COVID-19 pandemic has forced the governments in many countries to close nurseries, child care centers, schools, training centers, and higher education facilities as universities and institutions. So far, the COVID-19 crisis has had a great impact on child health and healthcare all over the world, not only from the medical aspect, but also from the social, psychologic, economic, and educational aspects. cache = ./cache/cord-030018-sabmw7wf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-030018-sabmw7wf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-033452-y5tavcjb author = Cohen, Jennifer title = COVID-19 Capitalism: The Profit Motive versus Public Health date = 2020-09-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1390 sentences = 82 flesch = 48 summary = Furthermore, because profit-seeking is economically rational in capitalism, capitalist imperatives may be incompatible with public health. Another reason to look closely at markets is the profit motive, a supply-side behavioral force, which provides a different rationale for deindividualizing responsibility for health in capitalist economies. I argue that profit-motivated behaviors keep individuals from accessing necessities and undermine public health and health systems as demonstrated during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, focusing on individual 'rule-breakers' elides social and economic context (Roy, 2017)-capitalism incentivizes profit-seeking at significant cost to public health. Antisocial entrepreneurialism occurs at all levels: from a student charging classmates for single-squirts of hand-sanitizer (Harvey, 2020) , to people stockpiling and unapologetically reselling cleaning wipes on Craigslist and Facebook marketplace (Tiffany, 2020) , to drug companies jacking up prices for medications like insulin (Thomas, 2019) . In effect, like (in)ability-to-pay on the demand side, the profit motive is a supply-side force that can render individuals incapable of responsibility for their health (Levy, 2019) . cache = ./cache/cord-033452-y5tavcjb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-033452-y5tavcjb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-034351-5br4faov author = Xu, Shuang-Fei title = Cross-Sectional Seroepidemiologic Study of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) among Close Contacts, Children, and Migrant Workers in Shanghai date = 2020-10-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3445 sentences = 187 flesch = 51 summary = (1) Background: Along with an increasing risk caused by migrant workers returning to the urban areas for the resumption of work and production and growing epidemiological evidence of possible transmission during the incubation period, a study of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is warranted among key populations to determine the serum antibody against the SARS-CoV-2 and the carrying status of SARS-CoV-2 to identify potential asymptomatic infection and to explore the risk factors. Three categories of targeted populations (close contacts, migrant workers who return to urban areas for work, and school children) will be included in this study as they are important for case identification in communities. Since the first known case of pneumonia infected with the novel coronavirus was reported in the city of Wuhan in late December of 2019, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2 and announced by the World Health Organization on 11 February 2020, unexpectedly and quickly spread in China and many other countries with rapid geographical expansion and a sudden increase in the number of cases [1, 2] . cache = ./cache/cord-034351-5br4faov.txt txt = ./txt/cord-034351-5br4faov.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-035163-tqh5wv12 author = Ijaz, M. Khalid title = Combating SARS-CoV-2: leveraging microbicidal experiences with other emerging/re-emerging viruses date = 2020-09-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6841 sentences = 345 flesch = 46 summary = In the present review, we suggest that approaches for infection prevention and control (IPAC) for SARS-CoV-2 and future emerging/re-emerging viruses can be invoked based on pre-existing data on microbicidal and hygiene effectiveness for related and unrelated enveloped viruses. These therefore included coronaviruses, Lassa virus, SFTSV, Hantaan virus, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, Ebola virus, influenza H5N1, Nipah virus, EV-D68, particle size, reservoir species, tissue tropism, mode of transmission, transmissibility, virus shedding, minimal infectious dose, infectious dose 50 , mortality, survival on surfaces, persistence on surfaces, stability on surfaces, survival in aerosols, persistence in aerosols, stability in aerosols, microbicidal efficacy, virucidal efficacy, disinfectant efficacy, antiseptic efficacy, emerging/re-emerging enveloped viruses, UVC susceptibility, zoonoses, and personal hygiene for SARS-CoV-2. As mentioned in Table 2 , the most common modes of transmission for the emerging/ re-emerging viruses discussed in this review are contact with infected bodily secretions/ excretions and contaminated fomites, especially high-touch environmental surfaces (HITES), and inhalation of respiratory droplets/aerosols containing infectious virus (Fig. 1) . cache = ./cache/cord-035163-tqh5wv12.txt txt = ./txt/cord-035163-tqh5wv12.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-035290-ungilw9s author = Rice, Louis title = After Covid-19: urban design as spatial medicine date = 2020-11-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2898 sentences = 170 flesch = 53 summary = The entire world is facing the same acute health emergency of Covid-19 which is already impacting half of the global population, and as the majority of the world now inhabits urban settings, urban dwellers are the most affected. After Covid-19, urban design ought to become a form of spatial medicine, whereby the design of built environments positively contributes and facilitates human and planetary health and wellbeing. During the Covid-19 lockdown, there are changes to the determinants of health, the diverse range of environmental, economic and social factors that impact on human wellbeing, compared to the pre-Covid period. The Covid-19 event is perhaps an appropriate juncture for 'health' to be considered as a new tenet for the urban design profession? The post-Covid-19 practice of urban design may be described as a form of 'spatial medicine' (Fig. 1) . Temporal dimension These sub-categories comprise the wide range of issues that impact on humans, the natural world and planetary health. cache = ./cache/cord-035290-ungilw9s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-035290-ungilw9s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-035204-64gk4d8p author = Kumar, Ramya title = Zambia field epidemiology training program: strengthening health security through workforce development date = 2020-08-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3862 sentences = 186 flesch = 42 summary = The Zambia Field Epidemiology Training Program (ZFETP) was established by the Ministry of Health (MoH) during 2014, in order to increase the number of trained field epidemiologists who can investigate outbreaks, strengthen disease surveillance, and support data-driven decision making. ZFETP description: ZFETP was established by the Zambia MoH in 2014 as a tripartite arrangement: 1) the MoH launched the program within the Department of Disease Surveillance and Response and provided the trainees with field placement sites; 2) the University of Zambia (UNZA) School of Public Health cultivated epidemiologic and biostatistical knowledge through didactic coursework; and 3) the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provided funding, technical guidance and mentorship. During the field placements, the residents receive handson training and experience in evaluating public health surveillance systems, investigating disease outbreaks, and conducting hypothesis-driven epidemiologic analyses that address priority public health issues at local or national levels. cache = ./cache/cord-035204-64gk4d8p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-035204-64gk4d8p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-035133-znbqpwgu author = Aye, Baba title = Health Workers on the Frontline Struggle for Health as a Social Common date = 2020-11-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2948 sentences = 155 flesch = 58 summary = 'Since the 1970s, neoliberal health and social welfare policies around the world shifted resources from the public to the private sector'. An increasing number of workers delivering health and social care in public health systems became fixedterm contract staff. There is a pressing need to go beyond the limited and feeble demonstrations of government's turn to seeming consideration of health as a social common, and only so during emergencies like the COVID-19 pandemic. Public Services International, the global trade union federation which brings together thirty million workers across the world, about half of which are in the health and social sector has called for 'rapid changes in policies….that put people and planet over profit'. Privatization and Pandemic: A Cross-Country Analysis of COVID-19 Rates and Health-Care Financing Structures cache = ./cache/cord-035133-znbqpwgu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-035133-znbqpwgu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-048477-ze511t38 author = Patel, Mahomed S. title = General Practice and Pandemic Influenza: A Framework for Planning and Comparison of Plans in Five Countries date = 2008-05-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6918 sentences = 343 flesch = 41 summary = The framework identifies four functional domains: clinical care for influenza and other needs, public health responsibilities, the internal environment and the macro-environment of general practice. Although there is little evidence linking specific preparedness activities to effective system-wide responses to pandemic influenza [5, 6] , change management theories point to a need for dynamic partnerships between general practices and other ambulatory care services, hospitals and public health departments [10] . We aimed to develop a framework that will facilitate systematic planning for the general practice response to pandemic influenza and used it to appraise coverage of key elements in publicly available pandemic plans from Australia, England, USA, New Zealand and Canada. This calls for coordination across general practices and other ambulatory care services to ensure primary health care needs within the community are effectively monitored and addressed; with hospitals to avoid/delay hospitalisation and facilitate early discharge; and with public health units to share responsibilities for contact tracing, monitoring and treating people in home isolation or quarantine, dispensing of anti-viral medications, and participation in mass immunisations against pandemic strains of the virus (when these become available). cache = ./cache/cord-048477-ze511t38.txt txt = ./txt/cord-048477-ze511t38.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-104008-luqvw0y8 author = Levinson, Julia title = Investigating the effectiveness of school health services delivered by a health provider: a systematic review of systematic reviews date = 2019-02-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6729 sentences = 337 flesch = 50 summary = Systematic reviews of intervention studies that evaluated school-based or school-linked 31 health services delivered by a health provider were included. Systematic reviews of intervention studies that evaluated school-based or school-linked 31 health services delivered by a health provider were included. Through a comprehensive literature search, the 71 overview aimed to identify health areas and specific school health service interventions that 72 have at least some evidence of effectiveness. Finally, 74 the overview aimed to identify the health areas and specific school health services 75 interventions for which no SRs were found, whether because the primary literature does not 76 exist or where there are primary studies but no SR has been conducted. It is difficult to determine overall effectiveness of school health services from this overview because the included SRs do not sufficiently cover the health areas most relevant for children and adolescents. cache = ./cache/cord-104008-luqvw0y8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-104008-luqvw0y8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-102296-0zzy8fjf author = Hyde, E. title = Estimating the local spatio-temporal distribution of disease from routine health information systems: the case of malaria in rural Madagascar date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8761 sentences = 416 flesch = 45 summary = The goal of this study was to estimate the unobserved burden of malaria missed by routine passive surveillance in a rural district of Madagascar to produce realistic incidence estimates across space and time, less sensitive to heterogeneous health care access. Passive surveillance is especially unsuited to estimate local malaria burdens for remote populations in rural areas, as health centers are sparsely distributed and health care utilization tends to decrease exponentially as distance to a health facility increases [19] [20] [21] [22] . Thus, innovations are needed to improve the use of passive surveillance data in high transmission areas in order to increase the ability of local control programs to track disease dynamics within a health district, efficiently deploy resources, and target interventions to high-risk populations. Using the example of malaria in a poor rural district of Madagascar, we show that adjusted incidence estimates were less biased by differences in financial and geographic access to health care between populations. cache = ./cache/cord-102296-0zzy8fjf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-102296-0zzy8fjf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-104288-120uu4dh author = Ford, Lea Berrang title = Climate Change and Health in Canada date = 2009-01-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4078 sentences = 233 flesch = 47 summary = Health impacts due to climate change have already been documented, including changes in the range of some vector-borne diseases (28, 29, (31) (32) (33) and an increase in heatwave-related deaths (11, 34, 35) . While the burden of negative health impacts will be disproportionately high in poorer countries, even high-income countries will be vulnerable to morbidity and mortality related to increases in the number and severity of extreme weather events such as storms, heatwaves, and floods (16) . These include: Increased surveillance, particularly of disease vectors, water quality, and air pollutants; Integration of climate projections into emergency planning and disaster preparedness (79) ; Improved access to preventive care and primary physician care to promote early detection of new disease emergence or shifting disease incidence; Integration of climate change considerations into education programming for medical students and primary health care workers; Integration of climate projection parameters into urban planning to increase protection against extreme weather events (55, (90) (91) (92) ; Increased monitoring and evaluation of food production systems and water monitoring safety given climate projections (26, 41, 63, 68) ; Development of heat wave alerts and responses, and mitigation of urban heat islands (41, 52, 53, 91) , and; Increased multi-national support for improved health capacity in low and middle income countries. cache = ./cache/cord-104288-120uu4dh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-104288-120uu4dh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-102885-5y9nkal3 author = Lee, Hyeon-Seung title = Deterioration of mental health despite successful control of the COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea. date = 2020-11-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5311 sentences = 294 flesch = 54 summary = Between March and June 2020, 400 South Korean residents participated in an online study of depression, anxiety, stress, psychosis-risk and loneliness, as well as indices of social network, physical health and demographics. The major aim of the present study was to survey mental health and social wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic among the general population in South Korea where effective public health strategies and high compliance by the residents were able to successfully stop the spread of the virus. Participants were asked to respond to questions about their demographic information (age, sex, education level, occupation, marital status), 4 levels of concern about the COVID-19 pandemic from "not at all concerned" to "extremely concerned", general physical health status, mental health, loneliness and social network. Overall, these findings suggest a significant psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health and social wellbeing in South Korean, with high rates of depression, anxiety, stress and psychosis-risk. cache = ./cache/cord-102885-5y9nkal3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-102885-5y9nkal3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-193856-6vs16mq3 author = Zhou, Tongxin title = Spoiled for Choice? Personalized Recommendation for Healthcare Decisions: A Multi-Armed Bandit Approach date = 2020-09-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 12295 sentences = 647 flesch = 41 summary = The first component is a deep-learning-based feature engineering procedure, which is designed to learn crucial recommendation contexts in regard to users' sequential health histories, health-management experiences, preferences, and intrinsic attributes of healthcare interventions. Our evaluation results suggest that each of our proposed model components is effective and that our recommendation framework significantly outperforms a wide range of benchmark models, including UCB, e -greedy, and state-of-the-art conventional recommendation systems, such as context-aware collaborative filtering (CACF), probabilistic matrix factorization (PMF), and content-based filtering (CB). These research gaps motivate us to propose an online-learning scheme, i.e., multi-armed bandit (MAB), to address the dynamics and diversity in individuals' health behaviors to improve healthcare recommendations. To better adapt an MAB to the healthcare recommendation setting, we then further enhance our framework by synthesizing two model components, that is, deep-learning-based feature engineering and a diversity constraint. To improve the characterization of individuals' health-management contexts and enhance recommendation personalization, we design a deep-learning model to construct user embeddings. cache = ./cache/cord-193856-6vs16mq3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-193856-6vs16mq3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-104455-bcj2y90n author = Friedman, Eric A. title = Global Health in the Age of COVID-19: Responsive Health Systems Through a Right to Health Fund date = 2020-06-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4089 sentences = 202 flesch = 45 summary = Community-based and -driven accountability and participation • Local health service and other social accountability measures, such as village health committees and health facility monitors Participatory policymaking • Community-driven health impact assessments for policies, programs, and projects that affect the right to health, whether adversely (such as mines, fossil fuel subsidies, and deforestation) or positively (such as parks, public transportation, and healthy school meals) • Participatory health planning to ensure that urban and other community designs promote health for all and that pandemic preparedness plans protect marginalized populations • Participatory budgeting for health-related budgets • Participatory processes to develop health equity programs of action* Right to health capacity building • Community members' and civil society organizations' capacity to participate in health policymaking processes • Right to health literacy and education, including for community members, public officials, health workers, educators, judges, lawyers and paralegals, law enforcement officers, and journalists • Partnerships between legal services organizations and health providers to increase patients' understanding of their rights and their access to justice • Information exchanges on successful right to health advocacy strategies • Government capacity to enforce standards on quality, non-discriminatory, acceptable, and accessible health care in the private sector and to carry out environmental safety testing and enforcement in marginalized communities • National human rights institutions' capacity to investigate and resolve complaints about right to health violations Legal empowerment • Access to justice programs to support claims centering on the right to health Monitoring • Right to health monitoring, such as through national human rights institutions, parliamentary right to health investigations, and community platforms • Public expenditure tracking of health-related budgets In addition to funding activities such as these, the R2HCF could have targeted strategic initiatives. cache = ./cache/cord-104455-bcj2y90n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-104455-bcj2y90n.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-251962-xeue441p author = Armour, Cherie title = The COVID-19 Psychological Wellbeing Study: Understanding the Longitudinal Psychosocial Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the UK; a Methodological Overview Paper date = 2020-11-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10287 sentences = 482 flesch = 52 summary = The aim of this paper was to describe (1) the rationale behind the study and the corresponding selection of constructs to be assessed; (2) the study design and methodology; (3) the resultant sociodemographic characteristics of the full sample; (4) how the baseline survey data compares to the UK adult population (using data from the Census) on a variety of sociodemographic variables; (5) the ongoing efforts for weekly and monthly longitudinal assessments of the baseline cohort; and (6) outline future research directions. 2005) , posttraumatic stress symptoms were measured, and, given the nature of the study and prior research having highlighted that quarantined and infected individuals and their family 1 Please note that these figures refer to deaths of people who had a confirmed positive COVID19 test result. In order to assess the representativeness of the COVID-19 Psychological Wellbeing Study sample to the UK general population, it was compared to data from the UK Census 2011 for adults aged 18 years + . cache = ./cache/cord-251962-xeue441p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-251962-xeue441p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-104377-ut9uxu3d author = nan title = Errata date = 2005-04-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3530 sentences = 168 flesch = 47 summary = As a toxicologist of nearly 30 years, a private consultant, and associate editor of the International Journal of Toxicology, I am concerned that although Silbergeld's assertions on the risk of arsenic residues in poultry are presented under the cloak of good science, they appear to be her personal opinions and not a scientific conclusion based on sound methodology and evidence. This risk estimate does not include the potential for additional exposures to arsenic from confined animal feeding operation (CAFO) wastes via land disposal, which may reach human populations though soil contact, groundwater contamination, and plant uptake, as noted in my letter . Baltimore, Maryland E-mail: esilberg@jhsph.edu "Sex and Ceruloplasmin Modulate the Response to Copper ..." It is past time for EHP to stop accepting papers whose funding disclosure makes it obvious there is a conflict, yet "The authors declare they have no competing financial interests." stated that "This investigation was funded by the International Copper Association [ICA] in the form of an unrestricted research grant." I fail to see that an unrestricted grant eliminates a conflict of interest. cache = ./cache/cord-104377-ut9uxu3d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-104377-ut9uxu3d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-104419-lzwyaq3y author = KHODAYARI-ZARNAQ, Rahim title = Global Health Diplomacy: A Closer Look date = 2019-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 401 sentences = 29 flesch = 57 summary = Improvements in international communications between policy makers and researchers changed this concept to "Global Health Diplomacy", the concept which contains performances of public and private actors in order to improve global health (2) . One of the most comprehensive definitions relates to Adams and Novotny (4) in which global health diplomacy is a political change in order to achieve intrinsic goals of health promotion through strengthening international relationships especially in areas with resource constraints. Health diplomacy was noted as a means to protect you in the global society as well as an opportunity for bridging gap among governments, private sector, and non-governmental organizations in order to improve public health (5). In recent decades, some health policies have succeeded in increasing political reputation or improving relations between states and political actors. Defining health diplomacy: changing demands in the era of globalization The globalization of public health: the first 100 years of international health diplomacy cache = ./cache/cord-104419-lzwyaq3y.txt txt = ./txt/cord-104419-lzwyaq3y.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-251979-j3mme15e author = Kandeel, Amr title = Morbidity, Mortality, and Seasonality of Influenza Hospitalizations in Egypt, November 2007-November 2014 date = 2016-09-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4716 sentences = 272 flesch = 43 summary = METHODS: Syndromic case definitions identified individuals with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) admitted to eight hospitals in Egypt. The aims of this study were to (1) assess the proportion of SARI cases having influenza infection in Egypt; (2) examine the types and subtypes of detected influenza viruses in Egypt; (3) compare demographic and clinical characteristics of influenza-positive SARI cases to those of influenza-negative SARI cases in Egypt; (4) quantify influenza deaths and assess influenza mortality risk factors in Egypt; and (5) establish a defined period of influenza seasonality in Egypt. The odds of death among influenza-positive cases were modeled with logistic regression using different explanatory variables (age group: pediatric <15 years old versus adult 15 years old; sex: male versus female; days from symptom onset to hospitalization: 0-2 versus 3-4 versus 5; chronic conditions: at least one versus none; and influenza type: A versus B). cache = ./cache/cord-251979-j3mme15e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-251979-j3mme15e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252161-1ve7heyb author = Maulik, Pallab K. title = Roadmap to strengthen global mental health systems to tackle the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-07-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3897 sentences = 148 flesch = 41 summary = cache = ./cache/cord-252161-1ve7heyb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252161-1ve7heyb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-121285-4ni1vv4l author = Zhang, Han title = How Does COVID-19 impact Students with Disabilities/Health Concerns? date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6109 sentences = 300 flesch = 46 summary = In addition to these changes, students with disabilities/health concerns may face accessibility problems with online learning or communication tools, and their stress may be compounded by additional risks such as financial stress or pre-existing conditions. In this paper, we present data from a survey of 147 students with and without disabilities collected in late March to early April of 2020 to assess the impact of COVID-19 on these students' education and mental health. We argue that students with disabilities/health concerns in higher education need confidence in the accessibility of the online learning tools that are becoming increasingly prevalent in higher education not only because of COVID-19 but also more generally. At the time our data was collected, just after classes went online and three weeks after it was discovered that community spread of COVID-19 was present in Seattle (Table 1) , we did not find evidence of changes in anxiety, stress, or depression among students with or without disabilities/health concerns. cache = ./cache/cord-121285-4ni1vv4l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-121285-4ni1vv4l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252111-hllama3i author = Beitsch, Leslie M. title = The Medicine and Public Health Initiative Ten Years Later date = 2005-08-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3477 sentences = 182 flesch = 45 summary = In order to highlight the importance of strengthening this partnership, this paper reviews the 10-year history of the MPHI, discusses some of the current MPHI activities in three bellwether states (Texas, Florida, and California), as well as internation-ally, and issues recommendations for a renewed partnership between the fields of medicine and public health. What began as a meeting between California Medical Association leadership and local health officials has evolved into a much more inclusive steering committee with attendance by numerous community-based organizations as well as its charter members, medicine and public health. The partners conducted state and local level continuing education programs to focus medicine and public health collaborative efforts on health priorities within Texas. cache = ./cache/cord-252111-hllama3i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252111-hllama3i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-207920-ekv04pop author = Andersson, Tommy title = Optimal Trade-Off Between Economic Activity and Health During an Epidemic date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3940 sentences = 253 flesch = 67 summary = This paper considers a simple model where a social planner can influence the spread-intensity of an infection wave, and, consequently, also the economic activity and population health, through a single parameter. The main finding is that if (i) the planner attaches a positive weight on economic activity and (ii) it is more harmful for the economy to be locked down for longer than shorter time periods, then the optimal policy is to (weakly) exceed health care capacity at some time. A lower spread-intensity increases economic activity, but harms population health if the number of infected at the peak of the epidemic exceeds health care capacity. The above two propositions states that if the social planner only values health or if the economy is equally affected independently of when the infection wave peaks, the optimal policy is to never exceed health care capacity. cache = ./cache/cord-207920-ekv04pop.txt txt = ./txt/cord-207920-ekv04pop.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253035-tijcxtwx author = Wang, Chen title = A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern date = 2020-01-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1834 sentences = 92 flesch = 45 summary = Early in the SARS coronavirus outbreak, frontline health workers became infected, which amplified transmission to patients in hospitals where outbreaks were occurring. 4 Early evidence from the initial MERS outbreaks suggested that health workers were likewise being infected, but that their infections were less severe than those of patients in hospitals who became infected and had comorbidities such as diabetes or chronic respiratory disease. 3 In The Lancet, Chaolin Huang and colleagues 7 report clinical features of the first 41 patients admitted to the designated hospital in Wuhan who were confirmed to be infected with 2019-nCoV by Jan 2, 2020. Considering that substantial numbers of patients with SARS and MERS were infected in health-care settings, precautions need to be taken to prevent nosocomial spread of the virus. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection is suspected. cache = ./cache/cord-253035-tijcxtwx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253035-tijcxtwx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252947-giijfhbz author = Khubone, Thokozani title = Electronic Health Information Systems to Improve Disease Diagnosis and Management at Point-of-Care in Low and Middle Income Countries: A Narrative Review date = 2020-05-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3616 sentences = 175 flesch = 39 summary = title: Electronic Health Information Systems to Improve Disease Diagnosis and Management at Point-of-Care in Low and Middle Income Countries: A Narrative Review This review provides an overview of literature on EHIS's with a focus on describing the key components of EHIS and presenting evidence on enablers and barriers to implementation of EHISs in LMICs. With guidance from the presented evidence, we proposed EHIS key stakeholders' roles and responsibilities to ensure efficient utility of EHIS for disease diagnosis and management at POC in LMICs. The health sector is lagging behind in the era of information and technology (IT). There are various factors impeding the successful implementation and scale up of EHIS in LMICs. These include the following: complexity of the intervention and lack of technical consensus; limited human resource, poor leadership, insufficient finances, staff resistance, lack of management, low organizational capability; misapplication of proven diffusion techniques; non engagement of both local users and inadequate use of research findings when implementing [36] . cache = ./cache/cord-252947-giijfhbz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252947-giijfhbz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-251970-r5cbuvcw author = Cai, Wenpeng title = A cross-sectional study on mental health among health care workers during the outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019 date = 2020-04-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2490 sentences = 123 flesch = 47 summary = This study is to investigate the psychological abnormality in health care workers battling the COVID-19 epidemic and to explore the associations among social support, resilience and mental health. A total of 1521 health care workers, of whom 147 had public health emergency experience while 1374 showed no experience, completed the Symptom Check-List-90 (SCL-90), Chinese version of Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC) and Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS). The results showed that people without public health emergency treatment experience showed worse performance in mental health, resilience and social support, and tended to suffer from psychological abnormality on interpersonal sensitivity and photic anxiety. The current study further revealed that people without public health emergency experience showed worse mental health, resilience and social support, and tended to get psychological abnormality on interpersonal sensitivity and photic anxiety. On the basis of our findings, health care workers without public health emergency experience showed worse performance in mental health, resilience and social support, and tended to get psychological abnormality on interpersonal sensitivity and photic anxiety. cache = ./cache/cord-251970-r5cbuvcw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-251970-r5cbuvcw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253120-yzb8yo90 author = Popovich, Michael L. title = The Power of Consumer Activism and the Value of Public Health Immunization Registries in a Pandemic: Preparedness for Emerging Diseases and Today’s Outbreaks date = 2018-09-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4473 sentences = 240 flesch = 45 summary = This paper builds upon early experiments to empower individuals in this ecosystem by leveraging the value of these public health data assets and trusted communications, illustrating the possibilities for engaging consumers to support reducing the impact of emerging diseases, outbreaks and the next pandemic. If the odds of receiving accurate information during a pandemic are against you in the social media world, consider the opportunity if there were direct public health agency communication channels to individuals -by building on existing immunization networks. It was through these early experiments and the growing data assets in state immunization systems that create a framework and technical platform to accelerate the potential value of engaging individuals in response plans for pandemic preparedness planning and support of today's outbreak. The next step is to begin to engage individuals to establish those that would be willing to provide ongoing information to public health specific to immunizations and disease occurrences. cache = ./cache/cord-253120-yzb8yo90.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253120-yzb8yo90.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254782-fzuasf2o author = Tadesse, Degena Bahrey title = Knowledge, attitude, practice and psychological response toward COVID-19 among nurses during the COVID-19 outbreak in Northern Ethiopia, 2020 date = 2020-10-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1399 sentences = 100 flesch = 59 summary = title: Knowledge, attitude, practice and psychological response toward COVID-19 among nurses during the COVID-19 outbreak in Northern Ethiopia, 2020 Nurses' infection control measures are affected by their knowledge, attitude, practice (KAP), and psychological responses towards COVID-19. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the knowledge, attitude, practice, and psychological response among nurses toward the COVID-19 outbreak in Northern Ethiopia. Descriptive analysis was reported to describe the demographic, mean knowledge, attitude practice, and psychological response score of nurses. Of the 415 nurses, 307 (74%), 278 (67%), 299 (72%), and 354 (85.3%) had good knowledge, good infection prevention practice, a favorable attitude, and disturbed psychological response towards COVID-19, respectively. A self-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect the knowledge, attitude, 68 practice, and psychological response towards the COVID-19 outbreak. Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding COVID-19 among health care 260 workers in Henan cache = ./cache/cord-254782-fzuasf2o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254782-fzuasf2o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253853-jocwiafy author = Ahmed, Naseer title = Knowledge, Awareness and Practice of Health care Professionals amid SARS-CoV-2, Corona Virus Disease Outbreak date = 2020-05-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3434 sentences = 198 flesch = 49 summary = METHODS: A cross sectional study was conducted by administering a well-structured questionnaire comprising of three sections including knowledge, attitude and practice amongst health care professionals in various hospitals and clinics, over a duration of two months 'Feb-March' 2020. 11 Health care professionals (HCP) including nurses, doctors, intensivist, paramedics, dentist and other hospital staff are playing a critical role throughout the world in combating, preventing and managing patients affected by However multiple reports of infection and fatalities of HCPs have surfaced in the last few weeks, which are of grave concern. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, awareness and practice towards COVID-19 infection and disease among health care professionals (doctors, dentist, nurses, assistants, technicians and paramedics). Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the trends in knowledge, awareness and practices amongst health care professionals towards COVID-19 disease control during the outbreak in 2020. cache = ./cache/cord-253853-jocwiafy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253853-jocwiafy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-104450-nb2sxfax author = Bouso, José Carlos title = Traditional Healing Practices Involving Psychoactive Plants and the Global Mental Health Agenda: Opportunities, Pitfalls, and Challenges in the “Right to Science” Framework date = 2020-06-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2650 sentences = 138 flesch = 38 summary = perspective Traditional Healing Practices Involving Psychoactive Plants and the Global Mental Health Agenda: Opportunities, Pitfalls, and Challenges in the "Right to Science" Framework josé carlos bouso and constanza sánchez-avilés Introduction: Global mental health and traditional medicines For example, WHO's Mental Health Action Plan 2013-2020 acknowledges the value of traditional medical systems only subsidiarily, qualifying them as "informal": "Greater collaboration with 'informal' mental health care providers, including families, as well as religious leaders, faith healers, traditional healers, school teachers, police officers and local nongovernmental organizations, is also needed." 2 Similarly, the Lancet Commission on Global Mental Health and Sustainable Development's report mentions traditional healing systems only when stating that "[g]lobal mental health practitioners have shown that integrating understanding of local explanatory models of illness experiences is possible while respecting the complementary role of Western biomedical and local traditional approaches to treatment." 3 Paradoxically, in most parts of the Global South, traditional healers are more numerous than mental health workers, and they constitute the main health resource that local populations use and believe in. Traditional healing practices involving psychoactive plants: Human rights challenges Worldwide interest in ayahuasca and related traditional Amazonian medical systems is typical of contemporary globalization. cache = ./cache/cord-104450-nb2sxfax.txt txt = ./txt/cord-104450-nb2sxfax.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254708-3d3abhg5 author = Herten-Crabb, Asha title = Why WHO needs a feminist economic agenda date = 2020-03-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1785 sentences = 94 flesch = 47 summary = A feminist economic approach to health requires that all people at all levels of healthcare decision making reorient their notion of wellbeing to include gender equality for women in all their diversities. As international financial institutions and donor groups like the World Bank and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development embrace gender equality and the UHC agenda, WHO has the opportunity to use its access to these institutions to demonstrate the necessity of a feminist economic approach to build better, more equitable ways to steer sustainable economies that prioritise health and gender equality as mutually inclusive. Clear evidence of increased alcohol consumption and attributable harm in many low-income and middleincome countries (LMICs), 1 and predictions of more harm to come if effective policy is not adopted, 2 led a group of representatives from LMICs to propose a working group "to review and propose the feasibility of developing an international instrument for alcohol control". cache = ./cache/cord-254708-3d3abhg5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254708-3d3abhg5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254559-3kgfwjzd author = Neo, Jacqueline Pei Shan title = The use of animals as a surveillance tool for monitoring environmental health hazards, human health hazards and bioterrorism date = 2017-05-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6296 sentences = 314 flesch = 43 summary = Abstract This review discusses the utilization of wild or domestic animals as surveillance tools for monitoring naturally occurring environmental and human health hazards. Animals are an excellent channel for monitoring novel and known pathogens with outbreak potential given that more than 60 % of emerging infectious diseases in humans originate as zoonoses. This review attempts to highlight animal illnesses, deaths, biomarkers or sentinel events, to remind human and veterinary public health programs that animal health can be used to discover, monitor or predict environmental health hazards, human health hazards, or bioterrorism. This review attempts to highlight animal illnesses, deaths, biomarkers or sentinel events, to remind human and veterinary public health programs that animal health can be used to discover, monitor or predict environmental and human health hazards, or bioterrorism. Furthermore, animals like domestic dogs and rodents spend more time outdoors and have greater exposure to the environment than humans, making them great surveillance tools for monitoring plague. cache = ./cache/cord-254559-3kgfwjzd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254559-3kgfwjzd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256636-z14anp3h author = Muennig, Peter title = Determining the Optimal Outcome Measures for Studying the Social Determinants of Health date = 2020-04-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5688 sentences = 266 flesch = 49 summary = In this paper, we describe a case study in which leading global experts systematically: (1) developed a conceptual model that outlines the potential pathways through which a social policy influences health, (2) fits outcome measures to this conceptual model, and (3) estimates an optimal time frame for collection of the selected outcome measures. The treatment group is offered three years of employment coaching that uses an explicit methodology for helping participants set and achieve goals across four domains (employment, education/training, financial management, and personal and family wellbeing) with an explicit focus on identifying and addressing "executive function" challenges that get in the way of goal-achievement in these domains [30] . The initial conceptual model for MyGoals for Healthy Aging (Figure 2 ) was simply drawn out by a handful of experts in the social determinants of health. The initial conceptual model for MyGoals for Healthy Aging (Figure 2 ) was simply drawn out by a handful of experts in the social determinants of health. cache = ./cache/cord-256636-z14anp3h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256636-z14anp3h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252902-qtfx49qp author = Scott, Jodie title = Creating Healthy Change in the Preconception Period for Women with Overweight or Obesity: A Qualitative Study Using the Information–Motivation–Behavioural Skills Model date = 2020-10-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8752 sentences = 458 flesch = 49 summary = A qualitative study focused on improving health in women of childbearing age identified that dietary knowledge, cooking skills and the time and cost of preparing healthy food were significant barriers to adopting a healthier diet [23] . This study aims to develop an understanding of preconception health awareness, potential barriers to adopting a healthier lifestyle, motivations, current behaviours and the practical skills required to change behaviour, for women with overweight or obesity. trying to conceive, or have already had children and trying to conceive again, you know, you've got another body to look after, like it's not just you any more" (Sasha, Obese class II) Many women felt a sense of personal autonomy in choosing to improve their health-recognising that their lifestyle choices were modifiable and to have a healthy life, they had to take stock of their habits and change their mindset. cache = ./cache/cord-252902-qtfx49qp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252902-qtfx49qp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253580-q13qndic author = Onyeaka, Henry K title = The Unaddressed Behavioral Health Aspect During the Coronavirus Pandemic date = 2020-03-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 995 sentences = 49 flesch = 48 summary = Public health emergencies have been demonstrated to have an impact on the behavioral health of the affected population as they may experience fear, anxiety, anger and post-traumatic stress disorder as consequences of their experiences. Although the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has outlined some behavioral health guide for affected individuals, how best to respond to psychological challenges during the crisis is not known. On March 11, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared 2019-nCoV a pandemic, citing more than 118,000 cases of the coronavirus illness in more than 110 countries and territories around the world and the sustained risk of further global spread. Furthermore, contact tracing and the mandatory quarantine isolation for two weeks, which is a crucial part of the public health responses to the 2019-nCoV pneumonia outbreak, could be a precursor for increased psychological distress such as posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety and anger among suspected or confirmed cases [3, 4] . cache = ./cache/cord-253580-q13qndic.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253580-q13qndic.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252771-6kwfulqe author = Yue, Jing-Li title = Mental health services for infectious disease outbreaks including COVID-19: a rapid systematic review date = 2020-11-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7935 sentences = 412 flesch = 41 summary = Group-based cognitive behavioral therapy, psychological first aid, community-based psychosocial arts program, and other culturally adapted interventions were reported as being effective against the mental health impacts of COVID-19, Ebola, and SARS. Specifically, mental health professionals including psychiatrists, psychiatric nurses, and psychologists were deployed to provide psychological counseling and support for vulnerable populations (e.g. frontline healthcare workers, confirmed COVID-19 patients, suspected COVID-19 cases and their families) in China and for people in quarantine in South Korea. For example, group-based CBT (Waterman et al., 2018; Waterman et al., 2019) , PFA, PTL (Decosimo et al., 2019) , culturally adapted interventions such as SMART (Ng et al., 2006) , ultra-brief psychological interventions (Ping et al., 2020) and peer supports (Rastegar Kazerooni et al., 2020) have been reported to effectively mitigate the emotional impacts of COVID-19, EVD, and SARS outbreaks. Culturally-adapted and cost-effective mental health emergency systems based on evidence-based intervention methods integrated into public health emergency responses at the national and global levels are recommended to reduce the psychological impacts of infectious disease outbreaks, especially for COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-252771-6kwfulqe.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252771-6kwfulqe.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254904-4eduslpb author = Griffiths, S. title = Pandemics and epidemics: public health and gambling harms date = 2020-07-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1768 sentences = 91 flesch = 59 summary = To facilitate mature debate, we needed to help public health, primary care and healthcare professionals see that gambling is not necessarily a harmless pastime, and to understand that gambling harms contribute to many of the social and economic inequalities that are determinants of health and well-being for individuals, their families and the communities in which they live. What we did not discuss was how you present a special issue of Public Health on what some are coming to see as an epidemic of gambling-related harms, when the world is experiencing a global pandemic. If we are to have the sort of mature discussion around building the public health response to gambling harms, this is an important time to start. Competing interests P.M. reports serving as an advisor to the Scottish Chief Medical Officer and the Scottish Government on the public health response to gambling harms. cache = ./cache/cord-254904-4eduslpb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254904-4eduslpb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-249166-0w0t631x author = Booss-Bavnbek, Bernhelm title = Dynamics and Control of Covid-19: Comments by Two Mathematicians date = 2020-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7251 sentences = 424 flesch = 60 summary = We give an overview of the main branches of mathematics that play a role and sketch the most frequent applications, emphasising mathematical pattern analysis in laboratory work and statistical-mathematical models in judging the quality of tests; demographic methods in the collection of data; different ways to model the evolution of the pandemic mathematically; and clinical epidemiology in attempts to develop a vaccine. A few physicians suggested that every epidemic ends because there are finally not enough people left to be infected, which is a naïve predecessor to the mathematical-epidemiologic concept of Herd Immunity (see Sect. Parallel to the entering the scene of these and other epidemics, and partly motivated by them, basically new mathematical tools of public health emerged in the first part of the 20 th Century, preceded by a few studies in the late 19 th . Dealing with large epidemics mathematically was no longer a matter of demography alone, although that continued to be the main tool for estimating number of cases and deaths. cache = ./cache/cord-249166-0w0t631x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-249166-0w0t631x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254981-ztdhgxno author = Czernin, Johannes title = The Impact of COVID-19 on the Health-Care Workforce: from Heroes to Zeroes? date = 2020-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 675 sentences = 46 flesch = 60 summary = title: The Impact of COVID-19 on the Health-Care Workforce: from Heroes to Zeroes? Job losses will be most extensive and painful among the low-income and minority populations that also have the highest COVID-19-associated infection and mortality rates. The Memorial Sloan Kettering group concludes correctly that in the long run, ''companies cannot save their way out of a crisis.'' To succeed, health-care systems need to continue to grow and innovate to support job growth rather than contract. In the interim, because hospitals will be unable to maintain their workforce, governments need to step in to mitigate the devastating job losses in health care. The health-care economy needs a major bailout to ensure that hospitals remain solvent, that low-and medium-income workers are not losing their jobs and insurance, and that high-quality health care can be guaranteed. Hospitals and health systems face unprecedented financial pressures due to COVID-19 05-hospitals-and-health-systems-face-unprecedented-financial-pressures-due cache = ./cache/cord-254981-ztdhgxno.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254981-ztdhgxno.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255360-yjn24sja author = O'Connor, Daryl B. title = Research priorities for the COVID‐19 pandemic and beyond: A call to action for psychological science date = 2020-07-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 11213 sentences = 501 flesch = 41 summary = The most pressing need is to research the negative biopsychosocial impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic to facilitate immediate and longer‐term recovery, not only in relation to mental health, but also in relation to behaviour change and adherence, work, education, children and families, physical health and the brain, and social cohesion and connectedness. Specifically, we have identified the shorter-and longerterm priorities around mental health, behaviour change and adherence, work, education, children and families, physical health and the brain, and social cohesion and connectedness in order to (1) frame the breadth and scope of potential contributions from across the discipline, (2) assist psychological scientists in focusing their resources on gaps in the literature, and (3) help funders and policymakers make informed decisions about the shorter-and longer-term COVID-19 research priorities to meet the needs of societies as they emerge from the acute phase of the crisis. cache = ./cache/cord-255360-yjn24sja.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255360-yjn24sja.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257717-fbfe5vt4 author = Wallis, Christopher J.D. title = The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Genitourinary Cancer Care: Re-envisioning the Future date = 2020-09-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7908 sentences = 371 flesch = 35 summary = EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A collaborative narrative review was conducted using literature published through May 2020 (PubMed), which comprised three main topics: reduced in-person interactions arguing for increasing virtual and image-based care, optimisation of the delivery of care, and the effect of COVID-19 in health care facilities on decision-making by patients and their families. Several themes emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic that would be critical or beneficial to genitourinary cancer care in the future ( Fig. 1) : first, reduced in-person interactions argued for increasing virtual and image-based care; second, optimising the delivery of care to include better triage, understanding and addressing mental health implications due to less in-person care, and maintaining high-quality research and education endeavours are necessary; and third, the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in health care facilities may affect decision-making by patients and their families. cache = ./cache/cord-257717-fbfe5vt4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257717-fbfe5vt4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257622-m6j0us2e author = Herman, Joanna title = Advising the traveller date = 2017-12-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3896 sentences = 190 flesch = 44 summary = The key elements of pre-travel advice are health risk assessment, health promotion and risk management; this involves advice on prevention of malaria, travellers' diarrhoea, sexually transmitted infections and accidents, as well as appropriate vaccinations. It also varies according to the health status Key points C There has been an increase in travel to tropical destinations, with subsequent exposure of travellers to malaria, dengue and other tropical and vaccine-preventable infections C The most likely causes of mortality in travellers are accidental injury or a cardiovascular event, rather than an infectious disease C Malaria is one of the most common and serious causes of fever in travellers The key features of a pre-travel consultation are health risk assessment, and health promotion with risk management C Higher risk groups of travellers include those visiting friends and relatives, those with co-morbidities, pregnant women and very young or elderly travellers of the traveller: their medical conditions, current medications, allergies and immunization history. cache = ./cache/cord-257622-m6j0us2e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257622-m6j0us2e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256537-axbyav1m author = Kimball, Ann Marie title = Emergence of Novel Human Infections: New Insights and New Challenges date = 2016-10-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4979 sentences = 283 flesch = 50 summary = In reviewing the new challenges posed by these emergent events, new technologies promise some answers; however, global health security against pandemic threats, particularly given the uneven distribution of global resources for prevention, detection, and response, remains a critical area of challenge. Specifically: (1) it is now well appreciated that influenza can migrate directly from avian sources to humans, and the appreciation of the actual directness of 'species jumping' has moved forward; (2) new infections have also introduced uncertainty in transmission dynamics with emphasis on super-spreader events as well as nosocomial transmission; (3) infectious particles are not confined to those organisms which contain genetic material; (4) a new paradigm such as 'Planetary Health' may be necessary for defining these trends; and (5) global preparedness and response is not in place for the next pandemic. To summarize, the recent episodes of respiratory infectious diseases related to influenza, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV have demonstrated increasingly direct links between animal and human infections, agile intercontinental geographic spread, and complex transmission dynamics including 'superspreader' events. cache = ./cache/cord-256537-axbyav1m.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256537-axbyav1m.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257158-obskf44d author = Assefa, K. T. title = The impact of COVID-19 infection on maternal and reproductive health care services in governmental health institutions of Dessie town, North-East Ethiopia, 2020 G.C. date = 2020-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5123 sentences = 284 flesch = 57 summary = Result: According to this study, Six percent (6%) of antenatal care attendees, 18% of delivery care attendees and nearly half (46.7%) of postnatal care attendees reported inappropriate service delivery due to fear of health care providers, shortage medical supplies and staff work load. The general objective of this study was to assess the impact of COVID-19 infection on maternal and reproductive health care services among mothers getting service in governmental health institutions of Dessie town, 2020 G.C. All rights reserved. Institution based cross sectional study design using mixed (quantitative supplemented with qualitative) method was employed to identify the impact of COVID-19 infection on maternal and reproductive health care services among women who get service in governmental health institutions of Dessie town. All women who get maternal and reproductive health care services in governmental health institutions of Dessie town during the data collection period were taken as study population. cache = ./cache/cord-257158-obskf44d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257158-obskf44d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256408-bf79lj4f author = Jayasinghe, Saroj title = Social determinants of health inequalities: towards a theoretical perspective using systems science date = 2015-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5024 sentences = 243 flesch = 40 summary = Systems approach views health inequalities as patterns within the larger rubric of other facets of the human condition, such as educational outcomes and economic development. Novel approaches using computer simulation models (e.g. agent-based models) would shed light on possible mechanisms as to how factors or determinants interact and lead to emergent patterns of health inequalities of populations. The author in a recent paper extended the systems approach to incorporate principles of complexity science and to conceptualize population health outcomes as an emergent property of a dynamic and open, complex adaptive system [2] . The current paper explores these themes further and applies the principles of systems approach and complexity science (i.e. systems science) to conceptualize social determinants of health inequalities (SDHI). Finally, computer simulation models (e.g. agent-based models) would shed light on possible mechanisms as to how factors or determinants interact and lead to emergent patterns of health outcomes of populations. cache = ./cache/cord-256408-bf79lj4f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256408-bf79lj4f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256635-zz58w3ro author = Beermann, Sandra title = Public health microbiology in Germany: 20 years of national reference centers and consultant laboratories date = 2015-08-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3876 sentences = 203 flesch = 40 summary = In 1995, in agreement with the German Federal Ministry of Health, the Robert Koch Institute established a public health microbiology system consisting of national reference centers (NRCs) and consultant laboratories (CLs). As part of this concept, the RKI implemented a weekly epidemiological bulletin, formed the Committee for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, trained epidemiologists for surveillance and outbreak investigation and set up a system of national reference laboratories: national reference centers (NRCs) and consultant laboratories (CLs) (Petersen et al., 2000) . In the next step, the Advisory Board for Public Health Microbiology (formerly called the Committee for Infectious Disease Epidemiology) assesses the proposal and provides the RKI with a recommendation on whether to set up a new laboratory. At the end of each appointment period, an evaluation of the laboratories is performed by the RKI in cooperation with the Advisory Board for Public Health Microbiology, which again consults national and international professional societies and experts. cache = ./cache/cord-256635-zz58w3ro.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256635-zz58w3ro.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257069-fs2fkidt author = Griffiths, D. title = The impact of work loss on mental and physical health during the COVID-19 pandemic: Findings from a prospective cohort study date = 2020-09-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3018 sentences = 180 flesch = 53 summary = The odds of high psychological distress (AOR=5.43-8.36), poor mental (AOR=1.92-4.53) and physical health (AOR=1.93-3.90) were increased in those reporting fewer social interactions or less financial resources. Conclusion: Losing work during the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with mental and physical health problems, and this relationship is moderated by social interactions and financial resources. This study aimed to determine whether losing work during the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with poorer mental and physical health, and to determine if financial resources and social interactions moderate the relationship between work loss and health. This study demonstrates that in a cohort of people employed prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, those experiencing work loss are more likely to report psychological distress, and poor mental and physical health compared to those whose work was unaffected. Those in the job loss group had the greatest odds of reporting high psychological distress, poor mental and physical health than those in the other study groups. cache = ./cache/cord-257069-fs2fkidt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257069-fs2fkidt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258229-l716wjwn author = Fiorillo, Andrea title = Effects of the lockdown on the mental health of the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy: Results from the COMET collaborative network date = 2020-09-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6702 sentences = 311 flesch = 48 summary = The COMET trial includes three phases: phase one consists in the dissemination of a survey on the impact of lockdown and its related containment measures on the mental health of the Italian general population; the second phase consists in the development of a new psychosocial online supportive intervention [41] [42] [43] [44] [45] [46] [47] [48] for the management of the consequences on mental health of the pandemic; the last phase consists in the evaluation of the efficacy and feasibility of the experimental psychosocial intervention in a randomized control trial. In order to evaluate factors associated with the severity of depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms at DASS-21 (primary outcomes), multivariate linear regression models were performed, including as independent variables: being infected by COVID-19, having a pre-existing mental disorder, being a healthcare professional. cache = ./cache/cord-258229-l716wjwn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258229-l716wjwn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256808-lxlerb13 author = Lim, W.S title = Hospital management of adults with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) if SARS re-emerges—updated 10 February 2004 date = 2004-06-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2426 sentences = 167 flesch = 55 summary = Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) is a potentially severe and highly infectious disease to which healthcare workers involved in the management of cases are particularly vulnerable. These guidelines briefly summarise optimal and safe practice for clinicians involved in the emergency care of patients with probable or confirmed SARS. During 2003 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV) emerged as an infectious disease with a significant inhospital mortality and posed a considerable occupational risk for healthcare workers. Please discuss the classification of SARS patients with the Health Protection Agency's Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre (CDSC) Duty doctor (Tel.: 0208-200-6868) and complete a standard SARS report form and fax to your local Consultant in Communicable Disease Control (CCDC) and CDSC (details at: http://www.hpa.org.uk/infections/ topics_az/SARS/forms.htm). Inform the local Health Protection Team/CCDC regarding the hospital discharge of patients to ensure follow-up in the community. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS): infection control cache = ./cache/cord-256808-lxlerb13.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256808-lxlerb13.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258033-luk4cme2 author = Delamater, Alan M title = Introduction to the special series: translating behavioral medicine research to prevent and control the spread of COVID-19 date = 2020-09-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1377 sentences = 66 flesch = 47 summary = authors: Delamater, Alan M; Miller, Suzanne M; Bowen, Deborah J; Diefenbach, Michael A; Tercyak, Kenneth P title: Introduction to the special series: translating behavioral medicine research to prevent and control the spread of COVID-19 Introduction to the special series: translating behavioral medicine research to prevent and control the spread of COVID-19 Based on the evidence and theories of health behavior change accumulated over many decades of research, together we can help provide messages to individuals that do not create fear but also do not create complacency. The previous issue of Translational Behavioral Medicine was headed by an editorial concerning the importance of social support in coping with pandemic stress [1] , as well as a commentary providing recommendations for COVID-19-related research and policy, particularly as it pertains to underserved populations [2] . Controlling the COVID-19 pandemic surely requires both policy-level intervention and individual behavior change alike. cache = ./cache/cord-258033-luk4cme2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258033-luk4cme2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252691-757mh2mh author = Pratt, R. J. title = epic2: National Evidence-Based Guidelines for Preventing Healthcare-Associated Infections in NHS Hospitals in England date = 2007-02-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 25528 sentences = 1404 flesch = 39 summary = Following extensive consultation, they were published in January 2001.1 These guidelines describe the precautions healthcare workers should take in three areas: standard principles for preventing HCAI, which include hospital environmental hygiene, hand hygiene, the use of personal protective equipment, and the safe use and disposal of sharps; preventing infections associated with the use of short-term indwelling urethral catheters; and preventing infections associated with central venous catheters. epic2: Guidelines for Preventing Healthcare-Associated Infections in NHS Hospitals S15 Current evidence-based guidelines conclude that in both outbreak and non-outbreak situations contaminated hands are responsible for crosstransmission of microorganisms and that effective and effective hand decontamination can significantly reduce both cross-transmission and crossinfection rates for the majority of HCAI in all healthcare settings. 1, 85 The decision to use or wear personal protective equipment must be based upon an assessment of epic2: Guidelines for Preventing Healthcare-Associated Infections in NHS Hospitals S19 the level of risk associated with a specific patient care activity or intervention and take account of current health and safety legislation. cache = ./cache/cord-252691-757mh2mh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252691-757mh2mh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253182-s60vzf3q author = Fang, Evandro F. title = A research agenda for ageing in China in the 21st century (2nd edition): Focusing on basic and translational research, long-term care, policy and social networks date = 2020-09-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 23329 sentences = 1031 flesch = 47 summary = Major healthcare challenges involved with caring for the elderly in China include the management of chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs), physical frailty, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, with emerging challenges such as providing sufficient dental care, combating the rising prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases among nursing home communities, providing support for increased incidences of immune diseases, and the growing necessity to provide palliative care for the elderly. The research agenda in response to rapid population ageing in China has been broad, covering areas including the study of the ageing process itself in laboratory and animal studies, to clinical-level studies of drugs or other treatments for common chronic diseases, and finally policy-level research for the care of the elderly in hospital, community and residential care settings, and its influence on health and social care policies . Major risk factors of the high prevalence of dental diseases in the elderly in China include the scarcity of dental health knowledge in the general population, low frequency of daily oral hygiene practices, insufficiency of dental care services, and unhealthy diet habits. cache = ./cache/cord-253182-s60vzf3q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253182-s60vzf3q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257571-4ujw0mn1 author = Price, Alex title = Assessing Continuous Quality Improvement in Public Health: Adapting Lessons from Healthcare date = 2017-02-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5720 sentences = 306 flesch = 44 summary = Training and information systems needed for quality-improvement efforts Mechanisms for facilitating learning through the organization and system which outline the program and service requirements for boards of health and public health units, as well as broad goals and outcomes across each area of public health; (2) accountability agreements between the Ministry and boards of health and their public health units that establish specific performance indicators and targets related to areas of the OPHS; "At this point I feel more confident in our organization' s capacity to demonstrate success in performance management than I do with the two indicators my team has been given within the accountability agreement system from the Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care." -Site-A informant Despite the implied and explicitly stated opportunity cost created by misalignment in local and provincial priorities apparent in interview findings, 74% of survey respondents disagreed or strongly disagreed that an emphasis on provincial performance measurement and target achievement would interfere with the quality of program and service provision at a local public health level. cache = ./cache/cord-257571-4ujw0mn1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257571-4ujw0mn1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259907-yqmi0cqy author = Maxwell, Cynthia title = Management guidelines for obstetric patients and neonates born to mothers with suspected or probable severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) No. 225, April 2009 date = 2009-10-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3419 sentences = 211 flesch = 49 summary = title: Management guidelines for obstetric patients and neonates born to mothers with suspected or probable severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) No. 225, April 2009 Labour triage and antenatal hospital admission Actions • Assessment is made as to whether the patient has suspected or probable SARS [1, 14] • Upon arrival in the labour and delivery triage unit, pregnant patients presenting with fever N38°C and respiratory symptoms and one of the associated symptoms (cough, unexplained hypoxia, shortness of breath, or dyspnea) and history of an exposure to an individual with probable SARS are immediately transferred to the designated isolation room, which is equipped with negative pressure ventilation. • Parents and family are counselled to look for symptoms and signs of SARS in the mother and newborn, especially in the first 10 days following delivery, and to report to any findings to the health care team Summary SARS, a life-threatening respiratory illness caused by a novel coronavirus, was responsible for a worldwide outbreak in 2003. cache = ./cache/cord-259907-yqmi0cqy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259907-yqmi0cqy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259624-alor7ymh author = Brooks, Bryan W. title = Toxicology Advances for 21st Century Chemical Pollution date = 2020-04-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3112 sentences = 141 flesch = 23 summary = Fortunately, advances in comparative and predictive toxicologyincluding research and regulatory shifts toward in vitro and in silico approaches and the increasing use of alternative animal models (e.g., zebrafish embryos)are helping to address the ethical, economic, and time constraints of traditional toxicology while also advancing mechanistic understanding. In addition, these and other toxicology advances are being leveraged for prospective evaluations of diverse substances-including ingredients in consumer products, industrial chemicals, and pesticides-for human and ecological hazards and during retrospective assessments (e.g., effectdirected analysis) for the identification of pollutants and other stressors in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. 15 When AOPs are conserved across species, comparative and predictive toxicology efforts promise to further develop coupled ecological and human health hazard and risk assessments. Advances in comparative and predictive toxicology are providing mechanistic insights and tools for designing less hazardous chemicals before they enter commerce, identifying problematic substances currently in production, and diagnosing causes of chemical pollution. cache = ./cache/cord-259624-alor7ymh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259624-alor7ymh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258792-4lakgpxp author = Yoon, Sung‐Won title = Sovereign Dignity, Nationalism and the Health of a Nation: A Study of China's Response in Combat of Epidemics date = 2008-04-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7935 sentences = 341 flesch = 50 summary = Unless and until the Chinese leadership examines the nationalistic element embedded in their approach towards growing disease Sung-Won Yoon: Sovereign Dignity, Nationalism and the Health of a Nation epidemics and globalising health challenges, China's ascendance to great power status will actually be harmed rather than helped. A major factor behind the government's recent change in its attitude towards the AIDS epidemic seemed to be the outbreak of SARS in China in Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism: Vol. 8, No. 1, 2008 2003, which exposed the dangers of not reacting to emerging infectious diseases. It is argued that global health governance may influence the nation's response to the threats posed by emerging infectious diseases such as SARS or AIDS as a mode of building political compromises but does not considerably alter the nation's behaviour, at least for China. cache = ./cache/cord-258792-4lakgpxp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258792-4lakgpxp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259121-l02ro31v author = Tsai, Alexander C title = US elections: treating the acute-on-chronic decompensation date = 2020-09-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 883 sentences = 55 flesch = 45 summary = The country is experiencing a sustained period of economic contraction resulting from local policy (eg, stay-at-home orders) and spontaneous collective physical distancing responses to the COVID-19 epidemic. The next presidential administration needs to recognise that the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA represents a set of acute derangements overlaid upon a chronic erosion of health and wellbeing. Unprecedented socioeconomic and racial/ethnic disparities in population health decline are occurring in tandem with stagnating economic outcomes as well as spiking income and wealth inequality. More substantive changes to labour and housing markets, immigration policy, and the carceral system will be needed to directly benefit Black, Latin, and American Indian populations, who have long borne the brunt of deeply entrenched structural racism in the USA. But from the perspective of economic wellbeing and population health, both acutely and chronically, none of cache = ./cache/cord-259121-l02ro31v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259121-l02ro31v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256041-k4y6t0i5 author = Gómez-Salgado, Juan title = Related Health Factors of Psychological Distress During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain date = 2020-06-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5959 sentences = 277 flesch = 51 summary = The objective of the study is to analyse the psychological distress in a Spanish population sample during the COVID-19 pandemic, identifying the predictive character and role that sociodemographic variables, the presence of physical symptoms, and other health-related variables may have. Our results are in line with those found in most studies, showing that women present significantly higher levels of distress (with low size effect), and this can therefore be understood as an individual risk factor in the face of the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic. However, a study similar to the present one conducted at the beginning of the COVID-19 quarantine identified an increased risk of psychological distress among people over 60 years of age [33] . Among the variables that predict psychological distress are, therefore: being female, age, employment situation, number of symptoms, perception of poor health, having been in close contact with an infected person, as well as having been in contact with people or material suspected of being infected. cache = ./cache/cord-256041-k4y6t0i5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256041-k4y6t0i5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257821-y3fhubnc author = Maeshiro, Rika title = Public Health Is Essential: COVID-19’s Learnable Moment for Medical Education date = 2020-05-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2419 sentences = 111 flesch = 37 summary = To achieve a more effective medicine–public health relationship in practice, curricula across the continuum of medical education must include explanations of public health systems, the responsibilities of physicians to their local and state governmental public health agencies, and opportunities for collaboration. Recommendations to secure a foundational position in medical education for public health, described by C.-E.A. Winslow as "the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private communities, and individuals," 2 date back for generations and are included in the 1910 Flexner Report. To achieve a more effective medicinepublic health relationship in practice, curricula across the continuum of medical education must include explanations of public health systems, the responsibilities of physicians to their local and state governmental public health agencies, and opportunities for collaboration. To achieve more effective medicinepublic health relationships in practice, medical education across the continuum must include explanations of public health systems, the responsibilities of physicians to their local and state governmental public health agencies, and opportunities for collaboration. cache = ./cache/cord-257821-y3fhubnc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257821-y3fhubnc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258316-uiusqr59 author = Spil, Ton A.M. title = Are serious games too serious? Diffusion of wearable technologies and the creation of a diffusion of serious games model date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7512 sentences = 401 flesch = 53 summary = A key theoretical contribution of this research is the identification of habit as a potential dependent variable for the intention to use wearables and the development of a diffusion model for serious games. We question the actual adoption and effectiveness of wearables and serious games -the principle of revealing and challenge prevailing beliefs and social practices -by making use of the IT adoption model as discussed in the previous section based on insights from innovation and adoption researchers like Davis, Bagozzi, and Warshaw (1989) , DeLone and McLean (1993) , Rogers (1983) and Venkatesh et al. We study how the adoption of serious wearable games can be improved -the principle of taking a value position -in order to help improve health on both an individual and societal level -the principles of individual emancipation and improvements in society -and try to improve diffusion models for serious games by identifying habit as a potential dependent variable for the intention to use wearables -the principle of improvements in social theories. cache = ./cache/cord-258316-uiusqr59.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258316-uiusqr59.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256691-fn4bnnb9 author = Suyin Chalmin-Pui, Lauriane title = “It made me feel brighter in myself”- The health and well-being impacts of a residential front garden horticultural intervention date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9433 sentences = 503 flesch = 49 summary = Pre-and post-wellbeing measures (subjective well-being, perceived stress, diurnal cortisol) were captured over a 2-week data collection period prior to and for at least 3 months after each intervention, with the experiment being repeated over a two-year period, using two sub-populations of residents (i.e. Groups A and B, Fig. 1 ). Data included how residents felt about their lives, well-being, mental and physical health, street, neighbourhood, community, engagement with nature and gardening, attitudes towards the intervention, motivations for participation in the research and expectations regarding the outcomes of the intervention. Thus, the data addresses Q1 and Q2, indicating the intervention reduced perceived stress levels, improved cortisol profiles and thereby had a positive effect on the residents' health status. The data presented suggests that adding plants and containers to residents' front gardens was associated with significant reductions in perceived stress (Q1) which was reflected in improved diurnal cortisol patterns (Q2) post-intervention (i.e. steeper diurnal declines, increased daily average concentration and total secretions compared to 'blunted' levels pre-intervention). cache = ./cache/cord-256691-fn4bnnb9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256691-fn4bnnb9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258818-ys3ezzzz author = Galea, Sandro title = Understanding the Covid-19 pandemic through the lens of population health science date = 2020-07-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3320 sentences = 147 flesch = 49 summary = While this pandemic was novel in 2020, its population health footprint was established long before the novel coronavirus crossed over into humans, following causes that are influenced by causes at multiple levels of influence, from national and state policies, to local conditions of exposure, to forces that shape risk of other diseases that in turn predispose populations to Covid-19 infection and its consequences. 8 This suggests that age interacts with the other causes of infection (exposure risks due to physical contact for example) as well as with other causes of morbidity (underlying diabetes or heart disease for example) to be a factor as important as the virus itself in determining the scale and consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic. 10 This reflects, rather simply, the central importance of age as an important, even if insufficient, covariate (i.e., age by itself, without SARS-CoV-2 infection does not result in Covid-19), one that changes our understanding of the disease through its intimate interaction with the key exposure, and should accordingly inform our public health action. cache = ./cache/cord-258818-ys3ezzzz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258818-ys3ezzzz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258570-3n7jp0l0 author = Baatiema, Leonard title = Community health workers in Ghana: the need for greater policy attention date = 2016-12-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6705 sentences = 368 flesch = 51 summary = We argue that CHWs have played critical roles in improving health service delivery and outcomes, including guinea worm eradication, expanded immunisation coverage, maternal and child health, and HIV/AIDS treatment and management. Despite the general consensus about the importance of CHWs among the global health community, health policy interventions to recognise and support optimal delivery of healthcare by CHWs are lacking, especially in LMICs. In Ghana, although a number of studies and reports have highlighted CHWs' activities, 16 19 20 there is inadequate health policy support for them. Ambiguity further abounds in the mainstream literature on the characterisation of CHWs. 21 However, during the recent United States Agency for International Development (USAID) CHW Evidence Summit, there was some consensus that a CHW is "A health worker who receives standardized training outside the formal nursing or medical curricula to deliver a range of basic health, promotional, educational, and mobilization services and has a defined role within the community system and larger health system". cache = ./cache/cord-258570-3n7jp0l0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258570-3n7jp0l0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259426-qbolo3k3 author = Tadesse, Trhas title = Predictors of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Prevention Practices Using Health Belief Model Among Employees in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020 date = 2020-10-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5279 sentences = 264 flesch = 54 summary = title: Predictors of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Prevention Practices Using Health Belief Model Among Employees in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020 Therefore, this study investigated the predictors of COVID-19 prevention practice using the Health Belief Model among employees in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020. Three hundred ninety-one (62.3%), 337 (53.7%), 312 (49.7), 497 (79.1%), 303 (48.2%) and 299 (52.4%) of the respondents had high perceived susceptibility, severity, benefit, barrier, cues to action and self-efficacy to COVID-19 prevention practice, respectively. Therefore, this study was aimed at assessing predictors of COVID-19 prevention practice among Higher Education employees in Addis Ababa Ethiopia using a Health Belief Model. A multicentered cross-sectional study design was used to assess predictors of COVID-19 prevention practices using a Health Belief Model among employees in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020. The questionnaire was used to gather employees' demographic data, knowledge about COVID-19 and its prevention, Health Belief Model constructs (perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefit, perceived barrier, and cues to action self-efficacy), and practice of COVID-19 prevention. cache = ./cache/cord-259426-qbolo3k3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259426-qbolo3k3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258933-f1i3ufs7 author = Aith, Fernando title = Is COVID-19 a turning point for the health workforce? date = 2020-09-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1520 sentences = 77 flesch = 51 summary = Goal 3 aims to make sure everyone has access to health and health coverage and, in 2019, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the political declaration of the highlevel meeting on universal health coverage reaffirming that "health is a precondition for and an outcome and indicator of the social, economic and environmental dimensions of sustainable development".(2) The High-Level Commission on Health Employment and Economic Growth identified that investments in the health and social workforce can spur inclusive economic growth. In alignment with the priorities set by the Strategy, a special issue of the Pan American Journal of Public Health on "Human resources for Universal Health" was planned at the end of 2019 as a contribution to implementing the vision of the Astana Declaration on primary health care (6) , with the goal of stimulating research on three topics: governance, capacity building, and education and training of health workers. cache = ./cache/cord-258933-f1i3ufs7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258933-f1i3ufs7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252984-79jzkdu2 author = Bickman, Leonard title = Improving Mental Health Services: A 50-Year Journey from Randomized Experiments to Artificial Intelligence and Precision Mental Health date = 2020-07-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 35534 sentences = 1845 flesch = 50 summary = I describe five principal causes of this failure, which I attribute primarily, but not solely, to methodological limitations of RCTs. Lastly, I make the case for why I think AI and the parallel movement of precision medicine embody approaches that are needed to augment, but probably not replace, our current research and development efforts in the field of mental health services. (1) harmonize terminology and specify MBC's core components; (2) develop criterion standard methods for monitoring fidelity and reporting quality of implementation; (3) develop algorithms for MBC to guide psychotherapy; (4) test putative mechanisms of change, particularly for psychotherapy; (5) develop brief and psychometrically strong measures for use in combination; (6) assess the critical timing of administration needed to optimize patient outcomes; (7) streamline measurement feedback systems to include only key ingredients and enhance electronic health record interoperability; (8) identify discrete strategies to support implementation; (9) make evidence-based policy decisions; and (10) align reimbursement structures. cache = ./cache/cord-252984-79jzkdu2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252984-79jzkdu2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260629-ml1qjipn author = Kopelovich, Sarah L. title = Community Mental Health Care Delivery During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Practical Strategies for Improving Care for People with Serious Mental Illness date = 2020-06-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7371 sentences = 299 flesch = 37 summary = These include offering a spectrum of options for remote and in-person care, greater integration of behavioral and physical healthcare, prevention of viral exposure, increased collaborative decision-making related to long-acting injectable and clozapine use, modifying safety plans and psychiatric advance directives to include new technologies and broader support systems, leveraging natural supports, and integration of digital health interventions. Outreach teams should meet outside the residence in well-ventilated areas, to visually assess how the person is doing, present as a familiar and comforting supportive social visit, model and reinforce behaviors, deliver medications, and provide an in-person demonstration of how to use smartphones or other devices to engage in e-mental health. Several targets for assessment and treatment should be prioritized for both new and existing clients, including safety assessment and management, psychological and pharmacotherapeutic strategies to manage psychiatric symptoms and co-occurring substance use disorders, assessment and management of physical health, and augmenting care by enlisting natural supports and employing asynchronous digital health interventions. cache = ./cache/cord-260629-ml1qjipn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260629-ml1qjipn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259960-gejo9xdb author = Tekeli-Yesil, Sidika title = A Neglected Issue in Hospital Emergency and Disaster Planning: Non-standard Employment in Hospitals date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2276 sentences = 109 flesch = 45 summary = However, the effects of non-standard employment on the disaster preparedness of health systems, particularly on hospitals' emergency and disaster plans, have not yet been adequately studied. Specifically, the impacts of NSE on the disaster preparedness of health systems, particularly on hospitals' emergency and disaster plans, have not been adequately studied thus far. Thus, this short communication paper identifies and discusses the neglected issue of NSE in hospital emergency and disaster planning to point out a further research need. In addition to these commonly discussed factors, changes in the work relationships of NSE might complicate the challenges of making hospitals resilient to hazards and prepared for disasters, if they are not considered during the preparedness process. Nevertheless, considering that during the recent pandemic, many countries' health systems increased their capacity with non-standard employees, new evidence or arguments might emerge regarding the contributions of nonstandard employment to better planning for disasters and response to them. cache = ./cache/cord-259960-gejo9xdb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259960-gejo9xdb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260407-jf1dnllj author = Tang, Catherine So-kum title = Factors influencing the wearing of facemasks to prevent the severe acute respiratory syndrome among adult Chinese in Hong Kong date = 2004-06-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4503 sentences = 219 flesch = 47 summary = This study aimed to determine factors associating with individuals' practice of the target SARS preventive behavior (facemask wearing). Three of the five components of the Health Belief Model, namely, perceived susceptibility, cues to action, and perceived benefits, were significant predictors of facemask-wearing even after considering effects of demographic characteristics. Overall, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and perceived susceptibility are the three most powerful components of the Health Belief Model in influencing whether individuals practice different preventive behaviors [21, 29, 30] . A logistic regression with odds ratios was conducted to test the efficacy of the Health Belief Model in predicting the wearing of facemasks to prevent SARS. Similar to previous research [15 -26] , this study found the Health Belief Model useful in identifying major determinants of the wearing of facemasks to prevent contracting and spreading SARS. The remaining two components of the Health Belief Model, perceived severity and perceived barriers, were found to be nonsignificant determinants of the target SARS preventive behavior in this study. cache = ./cache/cord-260407-jf1dnllj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260407-jf1dnllj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259727-u2zj7zf6 author = Wallar, L. E. title = Development of a tiered framework for public health capacity in Canada date = 2016-07-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1791 sentences = 101 flesch = 41 summary = These families were then organized by LEW and AP into a tiered public health capacity framework where capacity within each tier builds upon the capacities within the preceding tiers, and moves from the individual to the systems level. Here, we present this framework of public health capacity that identifies individual components and suggests how they relate to and support one another for the purpose of enhancing overall capacity in public health systems. This framework arranges the components of public health capacity from the individual to the systems level. As the Standing Senate Committee on Social Affairs, Science and Technology noted, "Capacity enhancement is a broad term which encompasses a number of areas: surveillance systems; Fig. 1 e Tiered framework of public health capacity and its components. The framework is based on government and governmentcommissioned SARS reports that reviewed the Canadian and Ontario public health systems with an emphasis on community public health outbreaks and emergencies. cache = ./cache/cord-259727-u2zj7zf6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259727-u2zj7zf6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259809-7glw6pir author = Lloyd, Helen M. title = Supporting Innovative Person-Centred Care in Financially Constrained Environments: The WE CARE Exploratory Health Laboratory Evaluation Strategy date = 2020-04-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7735 sentences = 381 flesch = 45 summary = The COST CARES project aims to support healthcare cost containment and improve healthcare quality across Europe by developing the research and development necessary for person-centred care (PCC) and health promotion. COST Action 15222 'Cost Cares' was funded by the EU Commission to create the impetus in both the research and development required to design and test innovative exploratory health laboratories (EHLs) to implement PCC and HP across the EU. Repeated here for clarity the critical enablers are (1) information technology (IT), which describes the use of computers or other computerized devises to store, transmit, and receive data to support PCC planning and care coordination, for handling and communicating health and evaluation data, and for delivering PCC and HP interventions. (4) Incentive systems that reward PCC processes and outcomes, such as personal health goals, PCC plans, improvements in patient self-efficacy and experiences of care, and HP activities. cache = ./cache/cord-259809-7glw6pir.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259809-7glw6pir.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-261123-emdlh9d9 author = Mazet, Jonna A. K. title = A “One Health” Approach to Address Emerging Zoonoses: The HALI Project in Tanzania date = 2009-12-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2208 sentences = 103 flesch = 35 summary = Jonna Mazet and colleagues describe their work in the Tanzania-based HALI Project, which adopts the "One Health" approach to address emerging zoonoses and that recognizes the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health. The HALI Project Assessing and reducing the impacts of zoonotic diseases and resource limitation on health and livelihoods requires governments, NGOs, and academic institutions to work with citizens to develop interventions that are cost effective, sustainable, and conservation minded. In 2006, the Health for Animals and Livelihood Improvement (HALI; http:// haliproject.wordpress.com/) project was initiated to test the feasibility of the One Health approach in rural Tanzania and to find creative solutions to these problems by investigating the impact of zoonotic disease on the health and livelihoods of rural Tanzanians living in the water-limited Ruaha ecosystem. The HALI Project's multilevel approach to assessing the impact of the interactions between water and disease in the Ruaha ecosystem by simultaneously investigating the medical, ecological, socioeconomic, and policy issues driving the system. cache = ./cache/cord-261123-emdlh9d9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-261123-emdlh9d9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258842-vuxzv6eu author = Bennett, B. title = Legal rights during pandemics: Federalism, rights and public health laws – a view from Australia date = 2009-02-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5074 sentences = 252 flesch = 46 summary = Secondly, our understandings of the role of law in responding to pandemics are necessarily informed by relational bonds between individuals in society, and by the meanings of rights and responsibilities for public health laws when dealing with infectious disease. 17, 19 However, while the Federal Government can seek to use its other constitutional powers to achieve health-related objectives, it is important to realize that the power under Section 51(ix) of the Constitution to make laws 'with respect to quarantine' is the only power relating to communicable diseases directly given to the Federal Government in the Constitution, and that this, in turn, shapes Australian debates about government responses to public health issues and emergencies. 46 The World Health Organization has acknowledged the importance of legal and ethical considerations to pandemic preparedness, noting that public health measures such as quarantine, compulsory vaccination and off-licence use of medicines 'need a legal framework to ensure transparent assessment and justification of the measures that are being considered, and to ensure coherence with international legislation (International Health Regulations)'. cache = ./cache/cord-258842-vuxzv6eu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258842-vuxzv6eu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260518-mswb3q67 author = Zumla, Alimuddin title = Taking forward a ‘One Health’ approach for turning the tide against the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus and other zoonotic pathogens with epidemic potential date = 2016-06-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4039 sentences = 188 flesch = 43 summary = Since the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is host to millions of pilgrims each year travelling from all continents, 29 tackling the threat of MERS and other infectious diseases with epidemic potential will require enhanced closer cooperation between those who provide human health, animal health, and environmental health services, locally, nationally, regionally, and internationally: the Middle Eastern, European, African, Asian, and American governments, veterinary groups, the WHO, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the African Union, the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF), The World Bank, Office International des Epizooties (OIE), CDC, Public Health England, the newly formed Africa CDC, and funding agencies among others. The persistence of MERS-CoV 4 years since its first discovery has created major opportunities for each of the Middle Eastern and African countries to take leadership of the 'One Health' approach with a view to bringing this under regional and global umbrellas, to tackle new emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases with epidemic potential. cache = ./cache/cord-260518-mswb3q67.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260518-mswb3q67.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259924-a14svuwu author = Kavčič, Tina title = Psychological Functioning of Slovene Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Does Resilience Matter? date = 2020-06-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3826 sentences = 185 flesch = 42 summary = The aim of the present study was to investigate the buffering role of personal resilience in two aspects of psychological functioning, mental health and stress, among Slovene adults at the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak. Within five days after Slovenia declared epidemics, 2722 participants (75% female) completed an on-line survey measuring mental health and perceived stress as outcome variables and demographics, health-related variables, and personal resilience as predictor variables. The crucial factor promoting good psychological functioning during the COVID-19 pandemics was resilience, additionally buffering against detrimental effects of demographic and health-related variables on mental health and perceived stress. The present study investigated the buffering role of personal resilience in two aspects of psychological functioning, stress and mental health, during the outbreak of COVID-19 and subsequent social lockdown, while taking into account individuals' demographic and healthrelated characteristics. cache = ./cache/cord-259924-a14svuwu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259924-a14svuwu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-261595-c69vfs8q author = Allegranzi, Benedetta title = Religion and culture: Potential undercurrents influencing hand hygiene promotion in health care date = 2008-10-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3507 sentences = 177 flesch = 45 summary = RESULTS: Religious faith and culture can strongly influence hand hygiene behavior in health care workers and potentially affect compliance with best practices. The Task Force was created to explore the potential influence of transcultural and religious factors on attitudes toward hand hygiene practices among health care workers and to identify some possible solutions for integrating these into strategies for improving hand hygiene. Of the remaining articles, only 27 referred to cultural and/or religious aspects influencing health, in particular hygiene, hand hygiene practices, and alcohol prohibition according to the most important religions; these were retained for review. Otherwise, rubbing the hands with an alcohol-based formulation is recommended as the preferred practice for all other hand hygiene indications during patient care, because it is faster, more effective, and better tolerated by the skin. cache = ./cache/cord-261595-c69vfs8q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-261595-c69vfs8q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260565-cdthfl5f author = Burkle, Frederick M. title = Declining Public Health Protections within Autocratic Regimes: Impact on Global Public Health Security, Infectious Disease Outbreaks, Epidemics, and Pandemics date = 2020-04-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8816 sentences = 516 flesch = 53 summary = While China is seeking to adhere as much as possible to the underlying norms and rules of global institutions," reemphasizing that China after SARS "perhaps [needs] to reframe health as a global public good that is available to each and every individual of the world, rather than merely as an issue of concern to nation-states." 37 In a rare openness, rarely seen before, the normally secretive Xi admitted at a meeting to coordinate the fight against the virus that China must learn from "obvious shortcomings exposed during its response." Yet given the second-guessing that always surfaces in these tragedies, "it cannot be denied that the Chinese government tried to control the narrative, another sign of irrational hubris, and as a result, the contagion was allowed to spread, contributing to equally irrational fear." A China researcher for Human Rights Watch (New York USA) noted: "authorities are as equally, if not more, concerned with silencing criticism as with containing the spread of the coronavirus. cache = ./cache/cord-260565-cdthfl5f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260565-cdthfl5f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-261524-nqukwoqz author = Al-Mohaithef, Mohammed title = Evaluation of Public Health Education and Workforce Needs in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia date = 2020-03-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5124 sentences = 237 flesch = 45 summary = The quantitative data obtained in second phase showed the faculty member's perspective about public health courses with sub-specialty needed to be set up in educational institutions to create competent workforce in public health were epidemiology (70.7%), environmental health (58.5%), public health education and promotion (56.1%), food safety (53.7%) and infection control (53.7%) should ( Table 3) . The students showed interest in perceiving the public health in sub-specialty epidemiology (38.5%), public health education and promotion (36.5%) and infection control (35.5%) and this finding shows availability of competent workforce in future (Table 4 ). This assessment of the educational needs of local public health organizations is an important step toward development of appropriate programs at the academic level to improve core competencies for public health professionals. Therefore, approximately 92.7% of Health Science faculty members and 97.5% of students had the opinion that there is a need to establish educational programs in Saudi Universities related to Public Health. cache = ./cache/cord-261524-nqukwoqz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-261524-nqukwoqz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-261011-bcyotwkf author = Alkire, Sabina title = Global health and moral values date = 2004-09-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3399 sentences = 186 flesch = 48 summary = To stimulate discussion, we have selected four major schools of moral values commonly used to justify global health initiatives: humanitarianism, utilitarianism, equity, and rights. At present, whether the 3 by 5 initiative was evaluated according to aggregate utility (increasing the utility of people with HIV/AIDS) or distributional equity (increasing the numbers of people in developing countries who are given antiretroviral treatment), human rights (for health care), or the need www.thelancet.com Vol 364 September 18, 2004 1071 De Cock 21 argued that a public health rather than a human rights approach should frame responses to HIV/AIDS in Africa, but again this analysis is based on a very narrow example of both ethical schools. A common usage of moral values is advocacy, often to rich and powerful leaders, institutions, and nation states with the goal of mobilising resources-finance, political will, human motivations-on behalf of particular health action. cache = ./cache/cord-261011-bcyotwkf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-261011-bcyotwkf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-261907-y60yra4r author = Richardson, E. T. title = Reparations for Black American Descendants of Persons Enslaved in the U.S. and Their Estimated Impact on SARS-CoV-2 Transmission date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3111 sentences = 197 flesch = 51 summary = 22 While R0 provides theoretical information about an epidemic, practical control ultimately depends on the expected infections generated later in the outbreak prompting epidemiologists to utilize the effective reproduction number Rt (i.e., the average number of secondary cases generated by an infectious individual at time t), which obviates the assumption of a fully susceptible population and allows for the temporal dynamics to be followed in the setting of various interventions. Our next-generation matrix analysis shows that, in a segregated society like the U.S. where SARS-CoV-2 transmission rates are disproportionate across racial groups, small changes in the ratio between bb®b and bw®w can result in large changes in the reproductive ratio for the population (Figure 3a) , due mainly to 1) the effects of high assortative mixing structured by racism on the value of cb®b; and 2) the fact that the expected number of secondary infections generated within high-risk subgroups (i.e., the value gb®b in the next generation matrix-in this case driven by high relative values of cb®b) comes to dominate R0 for a population. cache = ./cache/cord-261907-y60yra4r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-261907-y60yra4r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-261166-ua1qps0r author = Golechha, Mahaveer title = COVID-19, India, lockdown and psychosocial challenges: What next? date = 2020-06-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1592 sentences = 80 flesch = 47 summary = Despite all resources employed to counteract the spreading of the virus, additional global strategies are needed to handle the related mental health issues (Torales et al., 2020) . This post-COVID landscape will definitely leads to an increase in mental health issues such as chronic stress, anxiety, depression, alcohol dependence and self-harm. The Government of India's Rashtriya Kishor Swasthya Karyakram (National Adolescent Health Programme) can play a pivotal role in social and behavioural change and enhance adolescent resilience against mental health challenges posed by the pandemic. India can end the lockdown now and additional revenue available from the revival of the economy can be spend on increasing testing, isolation facilities, hospital beds, critical care and comprehensive Information, Education and Communication (IEC) on social distancing and mental health and addressing the mental health issues of vulnerable population post lockdown. cache = ./cache/cord-261166-ua1qps0r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-261166-ua1qps0r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-261558-szll3znw author = Serrano-Ripoll, M. J. title = Effect of a Mobile-based Intervention on Mental Health in Frontline Healthcare Workers Against COVID-19: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial date = 2020-11-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4815 sentences = 275 flesch = 48 summary = However, their effectiveness in this specific context and population is largely unknown: As observed by a recent review 19 , only 27% of the studies about mental health apps to assist HCW during COVID-19 included empirical evaluation of the reported interventions. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.03.20225102 doi: medRxiv preprint these exceptional circumstances, we received funding to develop and evaluate a CBT and mindfulness-based intervention using an mHealth, to protect mental health of Spanish HCWs attending the COVID-19 emergency. Each section contains multiple modules, covering the following areas: i) monitoring mental health status; ii) educational materials about psychological symptoms (e.g. anxiety, worry, irritability, mood, stress, moral distress, etc.); iii) practical tips to manage pandemic-related stressors (e.g., is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in (which was not certified by peer review) preprint cache = ./cache/cord-261558-szll3znw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-261558-szll3znw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-261923-g8r6xi2t author = McKee, Martin title = Learning from success: how has Hungary responded to the COVID pandemic? date = 2020-07-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1428 sentences = 88 flesch = 62 summary = There are many outstanding questions about the meaning of antibody tests, with evidence that they may decline in the weeks following infection in some people (Seow et al., 2020) , although fortunately it now seems that this does not equate to declining immunity as responses by T cells are emerging as equally or more important, albeit more difficult to measure. Given that sampling for PCR testing is not a pleasant experience, requiring swabs to be inserted into the nasopharynx, the research team is to be applauded for achieving a response rate of 66%. It is important to recognise that the responses to this pandemic themselves have consequences for health, for example by reducing access to medical care for those with non-COVID illnesses. Managing COVID-19 spread with voluntary public-health measures: Sweden as a case study for pandemic control cache = ./cache/cord-261923-g8r6xi2t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-261923-g8r6xi2t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262190-velir6gb author = Hickey, Jason title = Pandemic preparedness: perceptions of vulnerable migrants in Thailand towards WHO-recommended non-pharmaceutical interventions: a cross-sectional study date = 2014-06-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4792 sentences = 258 flesch = 46 summary = The study was conducted during the influenza H1N1 2009 pandemic and included 801 migrant participants living in border areas thought to be high risk by the Thailand Ministry of Public Health. CONCLUSIONS: Negative or ambivalent attitudes towards NPIs combined with other barriers identified suggest that vulnerable migrants in Thailand have a limited capacity to participate in pandemic preparedness efforts. We hope that this information will help us to gauge the capacity of individuals within the vulnerable migrant community to participate in pandemic preparedness and response efforts, and to identify potential barriers to NPI effectiveness. Future research efforts should continue to assess the perceptions and ability of diverse populations relating to implementation of NPIs. These data could provide valuable information to public health agencies with regard to planning for future outbreaks and pandemics and assessing risk communication and public education activities. cache = ./cache/cord-262190-velir6gb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262190-velir6gb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-261218-tgbw81ua author = Vardoulakis, Sotiris title = Urban Environmental Health Interventions towards the Sustainable Development Goals date = 2020-08-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2022 sentences = 88 flesch = 39 summary = Since the majority of the global population lives in cities, it is crucial to identify, evaluate and implement urban interventions (such as such as zero carbon housing, active transport, better urban connectivity, air pollution control, clean household fuels, and protection from heat and flood events) that will improve health and wellbeing and make our natural and built environment more sustainable. Well-planned, sustainable, changes to urban transport, housing, land use, renewable energy generation, and waste management have the potential to lead to improvements in air and water quality and liveability of urban environments providing multiple benefits including improved public health, reduced inequalities and higher productivity in cities . The Healthy-Polis Consortium for Urban Environmental Health and Sustainability (www.healthy-polis.org) aims to contribute to the implementation of the SDGs by identifying and evaluating specific policy initiatives, case studies, evidence gaps, and opportunities for research and translation into environmental public health practice in cities around the world. cache = ./cache/cord-261218-tgbw81ua.txt txt = ./txt/cord-261218-tgbw81ua.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262876-civfvk45 author = Su, Tong title = Knowledge Levels and Training Needs of Disaster Medicine among Health Professionals, Medical Students, and Local Residents in Shanghai, China date = 2013-06-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4492 sentences = 244 flesch = 43 summary = title: Knowledge Levels and Training Needs of Disaster Medicine among Health Professionals, Medical Students, and Local Residents in Shanghai, China Continuing medical education and public education plans on disaster medicine via media should be practice-oriented, and selectively applied to different populations and take the knowledge levels and training needs into consideration. Three groups of participants in Shanghai, China, were enrolled in this cross-sectional epidemiological study: health professionals, medical students, and community residents. Moreover, the knowledge level was also significantly different among clinicians, public health physicians, nurses, and medical technicians, especially in correctly answering 5 questions (Table S2) . Figure 3 presents the key contents concerning disaster medicine training prioritized by health professionals, medical students, and community residents. Figure 4 presents the most interested contents of disaster medicine training prioritized by health professionals, medical students, and community residents. In this study, we evaluated the current knowledge levels and training needs of disaster medicine among health professionals, medical students, and community residents in Shanghai, China. cache = ./cache/cord-262876-civfvk45.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262876-civfvk45.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-261695-2zg3j4x8 author = Boufkhed, Sabah title = Preparedness of African palliative care services to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic: A rapid assessment date = 2020-09-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3970 sentences = 262 flesch = 53 summary = Most services (80%) reported having the capacity to use technology instead of face-to-face appointment, and half (52%) reported having palliative care protocols for symptom management and psychological support that could be shared with non-specialist staff in other healthcare settings. CONCLUSION: Our survey suggests that African palliative care services could support the wider health system's response to the COVID-19 pandemic with greater resources such as basic infection control materials. Three in five palliative care 113 services declared that cleaning staff were included in information sharing and training regarding 114 managing COVID19. Half of services reported having palliative care protocols for symptom management and 160 psychological support that could be shared with non-specialist staff in other healthcare facilities 161 (see Table 7 ). This study provides much-needed evidence on the preparedness and capacity of African palliative 238 care services to respond to COVID19 cache = ./cache/cord-261695-2zg3j4x8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-261695-2zg3j4x8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262613-abvtl0ov author = Imtiyaz, Bushra S title = Telemedical education during national emergencies: learning from Kashmir date = 2020-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1370 sentences = 84 flesch = 38 summary = Innovative pedagogical approaches are required to fill gaps in medical education, especially during global health emergencies such as COVID-19. E-learning has been recognised by the World Health Organization (WHO) as an important means of addressing health workers' educational needs, especially in LMICs. 1 Remotely delivered psychiatry education is particularly necessary for the many regions where the provision of mental health care is sparse. Internet access in Kashmir remains restricted to low-speed 2G services, impacting the general population and health care professionals' ability to keep up to date with clinical guidelines and research developments. Similarly, telecommunication companies in Croatia are providing free internet access to Innovative pedagogical approaches are required to fill gaps in medical education, especially during global health emergencies such as COVID-19 • We piloted a global mental health e-learning partnership between volunteer medical students in Kashmir and the UK in 2015. cache = ./cache/cord-262613-abvtl0ov.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262613-abvtl0ov.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260985-ria9v2p6 author = McDarby, Geraldine title = The global pool of simulation exercise materials in health emergency preparedness and response: a scoping review with a health system perspective date = 2019-07-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4748 sentences = 237 flesch = 40 summary = Given the important implications health services resilience has for the protection and improvement of human life, this scoping review was undertaken to determine how the publicly available body of existing global SimEx materials considers health systems, together with health security functions in the event of disruptive emergencies. Given the important implications health services resilience has for the protection and improvement of human life, this scoping review was undertaken to determine how the publicly available body of existing global SimEx materials considers health systems, together with health security functions in the event of disruptive emergencies. SimEx are also an ideal opportunity to test preparedness of the various functions of the health system, particularly health service delivery, in response to PHEs. This would contribute to the development of strong linkages between health systems and health security sectors supporting an integrated approach towards building resilient health systems. cache = ./cache/cord-260985-ria9v2p6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260985-ria9v2p6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262431-0cragfka author = Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. title = Revisiting child and adolescent health in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals date = 2020-10-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 962 sentences = 50 flesch = 43 summary = In conceptualizing the life course from birth to adulthood in terms of trajectories of healthy growth, learning, and development, there are predictable touch points where investments can be made and progress monitored-growth before age 2 years, readiness for school, developmental and academic milestones in school, and social milestones with respect to family, peer, and dating relationships. This 'contextual' and 'cumulative' perspective is important for understanding trajectories of survival, health and development throughout childhood and adolescence and the 'reciprocal' social and economic contributions that healthy, fulfilled adults can make to inclusive, sustainable societies. In a forthcoming PLOS Medicine special issue [13] , we are inviting impactful research in this important area on strategies to monitor and combat child mortality globally from birth through adolescence, school-age health and welfare, marginalised populations, and the environmental impacts on children's health. cache = ./cache/cord-262431-0cragfka.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262431-0cragfka.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263438-9ra94uda author = Snowden, Frank M. title = Emerging and reemerging diseases: a historical perspective date = 2008-09-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 14393 sentences = 608 flesch = 47 summary = Experience with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, the return of cholera to the Americas in 1991, the plague outbreak in India in 1994, and the emergence of Ebola in Zaire in 1995 created awareness of a new vulnerability to epidemics due to population growth, unplanned urbanization, antimicrobial resistance, poverty, societal change, and rapid mass movement of people. The United States and the World Health Organization took devised rapid response systems to monitor and contain disease outbreaks and to develop new weapons against microbes. In 1996, in addition, President Bill Clinton (28) issued a fact sheet entitled 'Addressing the Threat of Emerging Infectious Diseases' in which he declared them 'one of the most significant health and security challenges facing the global community.' There were also highly visible hearings on emerging infections in the US Congress (29) . The Rand Corporation intelligence report The Global Threat of New and Reemerging Infectious Diseases: Reconciling U.S. National Security and Public Health Policy (53) had two leading themes. cache = ./cache/cord-263438-9ra94uda.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263438-9ra94uda.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262588-pogd199p author = Stabile, Bonnie title = The Persisting Importance of Rhetoric and Equity in Health Policy and Outcomes date = 2020-06-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 997 sentences = 46 flesch = 46 summary = It argues that employing social determinants of health, and intersectional and rhetorical frames, can improve life and health outcomes, as measured by morbidity and mortality. To that end, World Medical & Health Policy continuously strives to encourage the examination of issues with the assistance of relevant frameworks such as those that employ social determinants, and intersectional and rhetorical lenses. World Medical & Health Policy Volume 12, Issue 3 is planned as a special issue devoted to understanding the differential impacts of COVID-19, consisting of both empirical and reflective articles considering the complex relationship between social determinants and health disparities in the context of the present-day pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-262588-pogd199p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262588-pogd199p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262567-gojbccmz author = Lee, Seung-Man title = Mediating Effect of Sports Participation on the Relationship between Health Perceptions and Health Promoting Behavior in Adolescents date = 2020-09-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5392 sentences = 245 flesch = 38 summary = Based on the results of this study, suggestions are presented on how to enhance health perceptions in adolescents who are in a critical period for forming healthy life habits, and to prepare measures to encourage sports participation. In addition, previous studies are limited in that they sporadically report only some of the variables in the relationships among health perceptions, sports participation, and health promoting behavior. In order to overcome these limitations, it is necessary to verify the effects of health perceptions and sports participation on improving health promoting behavior in adolescents, using an appropriate study design. Sixth, bootstrapping was used to verify the mediating effect of sports participation on the relationship between health perceptions and health promoting behavior in adolescents (see Section 3.3). Analyses were performed to verify the model that explains the structural relationship between the individual variables by verifying the mediating effect of sports participation on the relationship between health perceptions and health promoting behavior in adolescents. cache = ./cache/cord-262567-gojbccmz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262567-gojbccmz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263667-5g51n27e author = Steele, James Harlan title = Veterinary public health: Past success, new opportunities date = 2008-09-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 11260 sentences = 629 flesch = 58 summary = Key historical events, disease outbreaks, and individuals responsible for their control are reviewed and serve as a foundation for understanding the current and future efforts in veterinary public health. Billings makes a strong plea for the development of veterinary public health to control the animal diseases that affect man. He was one of the veterinarians who was active in the early years of the American Public Health Association (APHA), during which discussions of trichinosis, tuberculosis and other animal diseases took place at the early annual meetings. The 1908 report Milk and Its Relation to Public Health by Milton Rosenau, issued by the USPHS, brought reform to the dairy industry and support for the Bureau of Animal Industry program to control bovine tuberculosis (Myers and Steele, 1969) . In the United States, the veterinary medical profession has carried on effectively in eliminating those major problems of animal health that had serious public health ramifications, namely bovine tuberculosis and brucellosis. cache = ./cache/cord-263667-5g51n27e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263667-5g51n27e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262544-6q8eg9z4 author = Keller, Mikaela title = Use of Unstructured Event-Based Reports for Global Infectious Disease Surveillance date = 2009-05-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4007 sentences = 191 flesch = 42 summary = Free or low-cost sources of unstructured information, such as Internet news and online discussion sites, provide detailed local and near real-time data on disease outbreaks, even in countries that lack traditional public health surveillance. In many countries, free or low-cost sources of unstructured information, including Internet news and online discussion sites (Figure) , could provide detailed local and near real-time data on potential and confi rmed disease outbreaks and other public health events (9, 10, (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) . With a goal of improving public health surveillance and, ultimately, intervention efforts, we (the architects, developers, and methodologists for the information systems described herein) reviewed 3 of the primary active systems that process unstructured (free-text), event-based information on disease outbreaks: The Global Public Health Intelligence Network (GPHIN), the HealthMap system, and the EpiSPIDER project (Semantic Processing and Integration of Distributed Electronic Resources for Epidemics [and disasters]; www.epispider.net). cache = ./cache/cord-262544-6q8eg9z4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262544-6q8eg9z4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263719-a9mnjr3s author = Lee, A. title = Wuhan novel coronavirus (COVID-19): why global control is challenging? date = 2020-02-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1276 sentences = 101 flesch = 56 summary = At this stage, the global spread of COVID-19 acute respiratory disease continues to grow, and the full extent and severity of this outbreak remains to be seen. 7 Once the pathogen has landed in a new country, the likelihood of contagion and spread is dependent on local transmission pathways and the strength of local health protection systems. 8 High-income countries such as the United States and United Kingdom have well-developed health protection systems to detect and respond to communicable disease threats. The other component of well-developed health protection systems are strong infectious disease surveillance systems. The current concerns then regarding the 2019-nCoV outbreak must be for low-and middle-income countries where health protection systems tend to be weaker. In these settings, laboratory resources may be lacking, notification of infectious diseases are often not timely or complete, and their public health infrastructure is often weak. Global infectious disease surveillance and health intelligence cache = ./cache/cord-263719-a9mnjr3s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263719-a9mnjr3s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262428-erlmyzwn author = CABARKAPA, Sonja title = The psychological impact of COVID-19 and other viral epidemics on frontline healthcare workers and ways to address it: A rapid systematic review date = 2020-09-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5588 sentences = 329 flesch = 53 summary = The search strategy included terms for HCWs (e.g., nurse and doctor), mental health (e.g., wellbeing and psychological), and viral outbreaks (e.g., epidemic and pandemic). In terms of mental health impact of epidemics, HCWs represent a particularly vulnerable group due to the high risk of infection, increased work stress and fear of spreading to their families. The following search terms were used: 'health worker', 'health care worker', 'medical', 'doctor', 'nursing', 'nurse', 'allied health', 'pandemic', 'outbreak', 'mental health', 'mental illness', 'psychiatric', 'psychological', 'coping', 'psychosocial', 'COVID-19', 'coronavirus', 'SARS', 'MERS' and 'Ebola'. 36, 51 At the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, a Wuhan study 28 found that 34.4% (342 of 994) of medical and nursing staff had mild mental health disturbances while 6.2% (62) had severe disturbances, while in another study 24 of 1,521 Chinese HCWs 14.1% had psychological abnormalities. Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak: A cross-sectional study. cache = ./cache/cord-262428-erlmyzwn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262428-erlmyzwn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262205-ax3i3d7f author = Karampourian, Arezou title = Exploring challenges of health system preparedness for communicable diseases in Arbaeen mass gathering: a qualitative study date = 2018-09-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6698 sentences = 309 flesch = 45 summary = The aim of this study is to explore stakeholders' experiences on the health system's preparedness and challenges, and to provide suggestions for preventing infectious diseases during the Arbaeen mass gathering. Health infrastructure defects in Iraq has three sub-themes (health abandonment in Iraq, the weaknesses in health culture and problems related to the health system); poor control of the causative factors of infectious diseases has three sub-themes (the underlying factors of the prevalence of contagious diseases, health system response to communicable diseases and ignoring the risks of the Arbaeen ceremony); the low perception of risk in pilgrims has three sub-themes (lack of awareness in pilgrims, fatalism in pilgrims and unhygienic belief in pilgrims); and the ineffectiveness of health education has two sub-themes (training shortage in the targeted group and educational content problems) that shows participant's experiences of the health system's challenges for coping with infectious diseases during the Arbaeen ceremony. cache = ./cache/cord-262205-ax3i3d7f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262205-ax3i3d7f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-261957-18uhpkhr author = Ray, Kristin N title = Rapid-cycle community assessment of health-related social needs of children and families during COVID-19 date = 2020-10-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3188 sentences = 144 flesch = 47 summary = In this report, we summarize health-related social needs and resource use during the first ten weeks of this ongoing survey as an example of how research infrastructure can support public health and social service response during public health emergency by identifying the evolving consequences of disrupted public infrastructure on children and families 14 Through rapid-cycle data collection and analysis, we provided weekly reports of population-level health-related social needs with community partners spanning social services, public health, medical providers, and community organizations to inform local COVID-19 pandemic response. Despite these limitations, this initiative has provided public health, social service, health system, and community organizations with timely data to inform ongoing response to the physical, mental, educational, and social challenges COVID-19 and stay-at-home orders presented to children and families. cache = ./cache/cord-261957-18uhpkhr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-261957-18uhpkhr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264974-hspek930 author = Timmis, Kenneth title = The COVID‐19 pandemic: some lessons learned about crisis preparedness and management, and the need for international benchmarking to reduce deficits date = 2020-05-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7222 sentences = 275 flesch = 35 summary = If, despite the explicit warning of the World Health Organization in 2011 that 'The world is ill-prepared to respond to a severe influenza pandemic or to any similarly global, sustained and threatening public-health emergency' (https://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA64/A64_10en.pdf), it was not apparent to those in charge, and to the general public-i.e., those suffering from COVID-19 infections and the funders of health services (tax/insurance payers)-that existing health systems had inherent vulnerabilities which could prove to be devastating when seriously stressed, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic (e.g., see Brüssow, 2020 ) has brutally exposed it now. International benchmarking is mandatory, because it has become clear that there is a wide range of effectiveness in the ability of different countries with developed economies to respond to this crisis (and probably others), and the tax-paying public has no compelling reason to tolerate perpetuation of factors underlying poor responses to crises. cache = ./cache/cord-264974-hspek930.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264974-hspek930.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264187-5gy4nkhb author = Fielding, Jonathan E. title = Public Health in Big Cities: Looking Back, Looking Forward date = 2014-11-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2741 sentences = 136 flesch = 50 summary = The BCHC includes 20 of the largest local public health departments in the United States and is focused on building partnerships, exchanging ideas and best practices, and facilitating program and policy development by member departments. Just as I have focused locally on establishing my department in Los Angeles as the local voice of reliable health information and data, an important role for the BCHC is to identify and analyze the best science and collectively advocate for policies and programs that can improve health at the population level. Public health departments in large metropolitan areas such as Los Angeles County play a very important role in advancing the goals of the larger public health enterprise. Big cities and counties thus have the opportunity and responsibility to provide leadership for the broader public health community, and the Health Officer is in the best position to communicate how to effectively meet both continuing and new challenges. cache = ./cache/cord-264187-5gy4nkhb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264187-5gy4nkhb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264233-0nyzwb44 author = Das, Nileswar title = Pandemic, panic, and psychiatrists - what should be done before, during, and after COVID-19? date = 2020-06-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1308 sentences = 93 flesch = 53 summary = Not only individuals with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 but several other vulnerable groups (e.g. health care workers, persons with mental illness etc.), despite remaining uninfected, will continue to suffer from psychological infirmity.  Public awarenessproviding the right health information is vital during this time of crisis -(i) to address hand hygiene and safe physical distancing, (ii) to reduce panic J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f shopping and hoarding of medical equipment (e.g. masks, hand-sanitizer, antibiotics), (iii) to follow the national lockdown to avoid widespread community transmission, (iv) to maintain adequate mental and physical wellbeing and (v) misinformation restriction to avoid chaotic and stressed environments in the country (Bhatia, 2020) , (Sharma et al., 2020) . Psychiatrists and other mental health professionals need to step up, utilizing 'all-out' resources to prevent a post-COVID-19 mental-illness pandemic. The Mental Health Consequences of COVID-19 and Physical Distancing: The Need for Prevention and Early Intervention cache = ./cache/cord-264233-0nyzwb44.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264233-0nyzwb44.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-261938-ls363vud author = Khan, Farah title = Refugee and Migrant Children’s Mental Healthcare: Serving the Voiceless, Invisible, and the Vulnerable Global Citizens date = 2020-08-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3911 sentences = 186 flesch = 45 summary = In assessing medical fitness and healthcare mediations for refugees and migrant children, special consideration should be given to certain areas such as their distinct history, whether they are with their family or separated or unaccompanied, and whether they have been peddled or have been left behind. Children's right to medical care is guaranteed by all the world leaders and Member States of the WHO European Region and is compiled in the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), a convention guaranteeing the highest attainable standard of healthcare and treatment of illness and rehabilitation of the refugee, migrant, and asylum-seeking children similar to the children native to the host country [3] . A study reports of unaccompanied refugee and migrant children who were arriving in Germany with multidrug-resistant bacteria colonization at higher rates, and other records of a surge of measles, which is vaccine-preventable, have also been seen in asylum-seeking juveniles [14, 15] . cache = ./cache/cord-261938-ls363vud.txt txt = ./txt/cord-261938-ls363vud.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262927-mehijkzo author = Guo, Shuaijun title = Moving Health Literacy Research and Practice towards a Vision of Equity, Precision and Transparency date = 2020-10-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5950 sentences = 319 flesch = 44 summary = This includes using a life-course approach, integrating the rationale of precision public health, applying open science practice, and promoting actionable knowledge translation strategies. This includes using a life-course approach to health literacy [58] , integrating the rationale of precision public health [59] , applying open science practice [60] , and promoting actionable knowledge translation strategies [61] . Based on these new paradigms, we expect a nuanced understanding of how health literacy develops over the life-course, how it influences health behaviour and decision-making, and thus how it informs specific interventional opportunities-especially in the early life stages across educational and healthcare settings-for a precise policy recommendation. We also highlight the importance of applying open science and considering knowledge translation strategies from the beginning of research planning to generate or replicate policy-relevant findings rapidly and cost-effectively across different cultural contexts, and thus facilitate the process of knowledge dissemination. cache = ./cache/cord-262927-mehijkzo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262927-mehijkzo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-265370-mhy4nu7e author = KINI, GANESH title = All’s not well with the “worried well”: understanding health anxiety due to COVID-19 date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1489 sentences = 84 flesch = 45 summary = Individuals with health anxiety may get dismissed as the "worried well" in this pandemic due to disruption of mental health services and inability of healthcare systems to understand the psychosocial factors in the background. Education of general public, training of healthcare workers in cognitive behavioural model of health anxiety and timely referral to mental health professionals in severe cases is need of the hour. The novel corona virus (SARS-CoV2) which was first reported in Wuhan, China has engulfed the world in fear [1] World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 as a pandemic on March 11, 2020 [2] . Individuals who are worried about infection with the virus may not get adequate care due to disruption of mental health services during the pandemic. Some may develop avoidance behaviour and isolate themselves from family members, avoid revealing their symptoms to others, or even skip medical appointments fearing they might test positive for COVID-19 or be put in quarantine. cache = ./cache/cord-265370-mhy4nu7e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-265370-mhy4nu7e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263391-18x4ann5 author = Harvey, Ruth title = Comparison of Serologic Assays for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus date = 2019-10-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3042 sentences = 134 flesch = 43 summary = S ince the emergence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012 (1), more than 2,250 laboratory-confirmed cases have been reported to the World Health Organization (WHO); approximately one third of these cases were fatal. The Ministry of Health, Oman; Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia; and Korea National Institute of Health, South Korea, donated convalescent serum and plasma samples from PCR-confirmed MERS-CoV-infected patients. We included MERS-CoV-negative serum with antibodies against other human coronavirus HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, and HCoV-HKU1 (samples 3, 6, 7, 8, 13, 15, and 17) to test specificity of the assays ( Table 2 ). Participants detected pool A, the high-titer MERS-CoV antibody pool (sample 16) in all assays (Table 3) . The low-positive pool (pool C, sample 14) was only detected as positive in a single assay in the study, the Alpha Diagnostic International MERS NP ELISA performed in laboratory 05. cache = ./cache/cord-263391-18x4ann5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263391-18x4ann5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264749-m1awr1rm author = Saad, Julian M. title = A philosophy of health: life as reality, health as a universal value date = 2020-03-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9761 sentences = 475 flesch = 40 summary = The biological immune system, an individual's system of health behaviors, and the social system will be observed as systems that generate maintainable-ease of functioning in cells, selves, and societies respectively (Fig. 2 ). To observe health at the level of the cell, the self, and the society simultaneously, we consider systems that support maintainable-ease of biological, behavioral, and social functioning. Through this philosophy, one can go beyond biological systems to observe how precision (in the form of hostdefense functions, decision-making/executive functions, and values) and variation (in the form of microbiota functions, habits/habitual life functions, and population-wide behaviors) integrate to generate to maintainable-ease of functioning in cells, selves, and societies simultaneously (Fig. 3) . Similarly, when behavioral and social exposures are not tailored to the needs of individuals and groups, populations can become resistant to healthy change, and health is no longer valued at the level of the self and the society. cache = ./cache/cord-264749-m1awr1rm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264749-m1awr1rm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263261-xhem8l39 author = Tulchinsky, Theodore H. title = Bismarck and the Long Road to Universal Health Coverage date = 2018-03-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 16276 sentences = 756 flesch = 44 summary = Each nation will develop its own unique approach to national health systems, but there are models used by a number of countries based on principles of national responsibility for health, social solidarity for providing funding, and for effective ways of providing care with comprehensiveness, efficiency, quality, and cost containment. Health reform is necessarily a continuing process as all countries must adapt to face challenges of cost constraints, inequalities in access to care, aging populations, emergence of new disease conditions and advancing technology including the growing capacity of medicine, public health and health promotion. Despite rapid increases in health care expenditures during the 1970s and 1980s, despite improved health promotion activities and rapidly developing medical technology, the health status of the American population G Preventive programs strong tradition; screening for cancer; smoking reduction; food fortification, school lunch programs; nutrition support for poor pregnant women and children (WIC); G Hospitals obliged to provide emergency care to all regardless of insurance status, citizenship, legal status or ability to pay has improved less rapidly than that in other western countries and universal coverage has not been achieved. cache = ./cache/cord-263261-xhem8l39.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263261-xhem8l39.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-265311-3lp5t9q8 author = Salman, M. D. title = The role of veterinary epidemiology in combating infectious animal diseases on a global scale: The impact of training and outreach programs date = 2009-12-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3246 sentences = 155 flesch = 40 summary = The aim of this paper is to present the design and implementation of training in disease investigation and basic veterinary epidemiology in selected countries using the Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N1 Asia strain as a disease detection model. The aim of this paper is to present the design and implementation of training in disease investigation and basic veterinary epidemiology in selected countries using the Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N1 Asia strain as a disease detection model. Veterinary professionals throughout the world, mainly through their animal health services, are faced with having to fulfill a crucial role in protecting their country's animal health status, providing sound surveillance information on the occurrence of diseases within their territories, and conducting scientifically valid risk analyses to establish justified import requirements. This paper presents the value and role of veterinary epidemiology in combating infectious animal diseases on a global scale, emphasizing the importance of training and outreach programs. cache = ./cache/cord-265311-3lp5t9q8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-265311-3lp5t9q8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266974-yrc5qnmr author = Akbulut, Nurcan title = ASPHER statement on racism and health: racism and discrimination obstruct public health’s pursuit of health equity date = 2020-07-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1242 sentences = 90 flesch = 51 summary = • Ethnic/racial minority groups in Europe often live in poor social conditions with precarious forms of employment, so they suffer most from the adverse socio-economic consequences of the pandemic. In summary, the pandemic has not only caused a global public health crisis; it has also increased and accentuated longstanding structural social inequalities and ethnic/racial discrimination (Devakumar et al. The amalgamation of different forms of inequalities resulting from racism and socio-economic disadvantages signals an urgent need to protect the health of vulnerable groups. ASPHER, as Europe's representative organization for Schools of Public Health, accordingly has issued its first statement on COVID-19 impact on Health Inequalities and Vulnerable Populations on 2 June 2020 (ASPHER 2020). 5. ASPHER member schools of public health should be role models for eliminating all forms of racism, discrimination, inequality and disadvantage. Racism and discrimination are public health issues, globally and in Europe. cache = ./cache/cord-266974-yrc5qnmr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266974-yrc5qnmr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-265328-83p3sjja author = Limcaoco, R. S. G. title = Anxiety, worry and perceived stress in the world due to the COVID-19 pandemic, March 2020. Preliminary results. date = 2020-04-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3503 sentences = 180 flesch = 56 summary = Having into consideration the lockdown and quarantine situation, we decided to do evaluate the current emotional state on the general population with a web-based survey in English and in Spanish, which was considered a useful and fast method that could help us determine how people perceived stress and worry due to the COVID-19. Methods: The survey included a 22 items, gathering information in 3 sections: Sociodemographic data, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) by Cohen and additional queries that assessed the current worry and change of behaviours due to this pandemic. Taking into consideration the lockdown and quarantine situation, the researchers decided to do evaluate the current state on the general population with a web-based survey that was considered at this moment a useful and fast method that can help determine how people perceived stress and worry due to the COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-265328-83p3sjja.txt txt = ./txt/cord-265328-83p3sjja.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263659-9i5qws5h author = Zhao, Y. title = Basic public health services delivered in an urban community: a qualitative study date = 2010-12-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5661 sentences = 291 flesch = 46 summary = CONCLUSIONS: In order to improve the delivery of basic public health services, it is necessary for Beijing Municipal Government to supply clear and detailed protocols, increase funding and increase the number of skilled practitioners in the community health services. 3 As the centre of politics, economy and culture of China, Beijing Municipal Government attaches extreme importance to and promotes advances in the development of basic public health services delivered in the community. For example, an additional duty hour allowance scheme should be brought forward, under which health workers would be allowed to work extra hours and receive pay to augment their salaries: 17 "Besides payment, of course, some changes in the process and organization of the providers' work are also part of the solution to the problem of the under-provision of basic public health services.A useful solution to attract more community residents to see general practitioners would be to increase the proportion of medical reimbursement for CHS services." cache = ./cache/cord-263659-9i5qws5h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263659-9i5qws5h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266225-mqbud21t author = Tambo, Ernest title = Can free open access resources strengthen knowledge-based emerging public health priorities, policies and programs in Africa? date = 2016-05-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3652 sentences = 135 flesch = 29 summary = The strength of scaling FOA in developing countries will entail but not limited to: 1) increasing real time and effective knowledge-or evidence-based translation of proven and validated approaches, 2) strategies and tools in strengthening health systems and revamping early and timely access to much needed information by policy-makers, and 3) enhanced guided health financing and capacity development by health institutions and related stakeholders, and strengthening contextual programs and activities planning, transparency and accountability. This paper assesses the values and benefits of open, free of charge data and information access and availability in strengthening health systems policies, financing, promoting knowledge-based programs and targeted interventions directed to forecast, prevent, reduce and/or manage the growing emerging threats and epidemics as well as infectious diseases of poverty in LMICs, especially in Africa. cache = ./cache/cord-266225-mqbud21t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266225-mqbud21t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266667-6isk8jgj author = Fix, Gemmae M. title = Health care workers’ perceptions and reported use of respiratory protective equipment: A qualitative analysis date = 2019-06-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4142 sentences = 250 flesch = 54 summary = BACKGROUND: Little is known about health care workers' (HCW) perceptions of, or experiences using, respiratory protective equipment (RPE). RESULTS: We identified 5 story types surrounding RPE use: 1) policies are known and seen during work routines; 2) during protocol lapses, use is reinforced through social norms; 3) clinical experiences sometimes supersede protocol adherence; 4) when risk perception is high, we found concern regarding accessing RPE; and 5) HCWs in emergency departments were viewed as not following protocol because risk was ever-present. HCW adherence to respiratory infection control guidelines, including vaccinations, are known to be influenced by personal and contextual factors, such as knowledge gaps, perceived risk, ethical and legal concerns, and economic issues 9, 10 Health behavior theories, such as the Health Belief Model, 11 have been used to examine adoption of health-related behaviors. cache = ./cache/cord-266667-6isk8jgj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266667-6isk8jgj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266051-my2wj1uu author = Sheridan Rains, Luke title = Early impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health care and on people with mental health conditions: framework synthesis of international experiences and responses date = 2020-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6534 sentences = 293 flesch = 42 summary = • Effects on people with mental health problems resulting from infection control measures, including potential impacts of social isolation, and lack of access to usual supports, activities and community resources [8] . We aim to begin addressing this by searching for and summarising relevant material in the public domain early in the pandemic, including accounts published by people with relevant lived experience, practitioners, mental health organisations and policy makers, and also by journalists who have investigated experiences and perspectives of service users, carers and service providers. Our aim was to conduct a document analysis to create an initial mapping and synthesis of reports, from a number of perspectives, on the early impacts of and responses to the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health care and people with mental health conditions. cache = ./cache/cord-266051-my2wj1uu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266051-my2wj1uu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267061-e3jttmab author = Sharma, D.C. title = Fighting infodemic: Need for robust health journalism in India date = 2020-07-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2390 sentences = 141 flesch = 53 summary = RESULTS: The article examines role of mass media in health communication in times of pandemic and the context of infodemic. 3, 4, 5 Media, according to Wallack, "can be a delivery mechanism for getting the right information to the right people in the right way at the right time to promote personal change." 6 That's why all health communication and disease prevention strategies emphasise on health messaging through mass media. In several reports, the source of information was not mentioned, while in nearly all stories journalists "ignored methodology of the research and rarely discussed design flaws." A study of coverage of H1N1 outbreak in Times of India showed that the newspaper framed H1N1 as a deadly disease and its coverage presented death in such a manner as to produce fear and panic. cache = ./cache/cord-267061-e3jttmab.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267061-e3jttmab.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266501-7jkzbmsf author = Ying, Wang title = Drugs supply and pharmaceutical care management practices at a designated hospital during the COVID-19 epidemic date = 2020-04-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2593 sentences = 154 flesch = 44 summary = According to COVID-19 prevention and control policy and requirements, combined with series of diagnosis and treatment plans, pharmacists in the first provincial-level COVID-19 diagnosis and treatment unit in Jilin Province in Northeast China have established the management practices of drug supply and pharmaceutical care from four aspects: personnel, drugs supply management, off-label drug use management and pharmaceutical care. This paper summarized the details and practices of drug supply and pharmaceutical services management to provide experience for the people who involving in COVID-19 prevention and contain in other abroad epidemic areas. 4 The Pharmaceutical Department of THJU has carried out a series of work in terms of drug supply and pharmaceutical service, which has provided effective support for prevention, control and treatments of COVID-19. By implementing the man-management guarantee practice, the pharmacology department of THJU has resolve the problem of insufficient medical staff, ensuring the physical and mental health of pharmacists and deepen understanding COVID -19 prevention and control plans. cache = ./cache/cord-266501-7jkzbmsf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266501-7jkzbmsf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267299-z7ondg3r author = Jacobsen, Kathryn H. title = Curricular Models and Learning Objectives for Undergraduate Minors in Global Health date = 2020-08-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5161 sentences = 189 flesch = 38 summary = OBJECTIVE: To identify all undergraduate minors in global health being offered in the United States during the 2019–20 academic year, categorize the curricula being used by secondary programs of study, evaluate the content of required foundational courses, and examine the types of experiential learning opportunities that are offered. Based on the categories and themes we identified in our analysis of the current content of introductory courses required by existing global health minors in 2019-20, our review of existing educational frameworks related to global health [11, 12, 15] , and expert feedback from CUGH members, we generated a preliminary list of recommended student learning objectives for an introductory global health course. This analysis provides a snapshot in time of the institutions of higher education in the Untied States that were offering global health minors during the 2019-20 academic year along with the content they included in their introductory courses, the curricular models they were using for the remaining courses in the minor, and the types of applied learning experiences they required. cache = ./cache/cord-267299-z7ondg3r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267299-z7ondg3r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267188-1ldynibm author = Woldehanna, Sara title = An expanded One Health model: Integrating social science and One Health to inform study of the human-animal interface date = 2014-11-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8040 sentences = 320 flesch = 45 summary = The expanded model informed a new study approach to document the extent of human exposure to animals and explore the interplay of social and environmental factors that influence risk of transmission at the individual and community level. In this paper we propose an expanded One Health model that highlights the social determinants of human-animal exposure, describe a study approach that operationalizes the model to explore factors that influence the risk of transmission at the individual and community level and present some results that illustrate the effect of social factors on how people interact with animals. Finally, social factors also determine who is at risk from eating different meats: eating rats is an equal source of exposure for adults and children in both ethnic groups; the Hmong are more exposed to nonhuman primates and the Lao-Tai to bats as a result of eating; and men are more intensely exposed as they are more likely to eat raw meat compared to women. cache = ./cache/cord-267188-1ldynibm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267188-1ldynibm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-265424-vbn3vwnn author = Mansoor, Marium title = Integrating mental health in COVID-19 crisis: staff mental health referral pathway date = 2020-07-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 776 sentences = 56 flesch = 57 summary = Anticipating the mental health fallout, the department of Psychiatry (DOP) initiated a pathway to provide rapid, confidential and accessible help to all HCWs during this crisis. The DOP in liaison with human resources department formulated an evidence based pathway (Chen et al., 2020; Liu, 2020; Zhang et al., 2020) to address mental health needs of HCWs. The service was free of cost and built on the existing sparse resources (Ahmad, 2007) , with regular review of process in weekly meetings. The HCWs of AKUH were provided with a hotline number that could be used during work hours, to help with COVID-19 related anxiety (refer figure 1). 1) Resistance to seek help and fear of stigma and confidentiality of HCWs. To address this, the record of the evaluation is maintained in a separate folder in lock and key by the DOP. Mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak Online mental health services in China during the COVID-19 outbreak cache = ./cache/cord-265424-vbn3vwnn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-265424-vbn3vwnn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268712-rxdw553c author = Sawyer, Alexandra title = Posttraumatic growth and adjustment among individuals with cancer or HIV/AIDS: A meta-analysis date = 2010-03-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8820 sentences = 475 flesch = 46 summary = Consequently, this meta-analysis explored the relationship between posttraumatic growth and psychological and physical wellbeing in adults diagnosed with cancer or HIV/AIDS and examined potential moderators of these relationships. As such the aim of the current paper is to present a meta-analysis of the existing literature that will aim to objectively summarize PTG and its relation to adjustment in individuals living with a life threatening illness (cancer or HIV/ AIDS) and to examine potential moderators of this relationship. Primarily it is concerned with estimating the overall effect size of the relationship between PTG following a life threatening illness (cancer or HIV/AIDS) and various indicators of adjustment. This meta-analytic review summarized the findings from 38 studies examining the association between PTG following cancer or HIV/AIDS and positive psychological adjustment, negative psychological adjustment, and subjective physical health. cache = ./cache/cord-268712-rxdw553c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268712-rxdw553c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268331-m4hqxna2 author = Beck, Teresa L. title = Medical Care for Undocumented Immigrants: National and International Issues date = 2018-11-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4034 sentences = 212 flesch = 47 summary = Leading medical professional societies such as the American Medical Association (AMA), American College of Physicians (ACP), the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP), and the American Nurses Association (ANA) reaffirm the position that all individuals living in the United States, regardless of their immigration status, should have access to quality health care, including the opportunity to purchase insurance. Several US cities and states with large immigrant populations have attempted to address their health care needs by providing access to primary care. My Health LA (MHLA) is a no-cost health care program that offers comprehensive health care for low-income, uninsured Los Angeles county residents, regardless of immigration status or medical condition. In the United States, cities with large numbers of immigrants have models that provide health care to their uninsured regardless of immigration status, and could potentially be expanded to other areas of the country experiencing increasing growth of their immigrant populations. cache = ./cache/cord-268331-m4hqxna2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268331-m4hqxna2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267485-1fu1blu0 author = Lazarus, Ross title = Distributed data processing for public health surveillance date = 2006-09-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4773 sentences = 182 flesch = 39 summary = All PHI in this system is initially processed within the secured infrastructure of the health care provider that collects and holds the data, using uniform software distributed and supported by the NDP. In the more traditional type of system, individual patient records, often containing potentially identifiable information, such as date of birth and exact or approximate home address, are transferred, usually in electronic form, preferably through some secured method, to a central secured repository, where statistical tools can be used to develop and refine surveillance procedures. These standard line lists are used most often to support requests by public health agencies for additional information about the individual cases that contribute to clusters identified in the aggregate data. In our experience, such requests involve only a tiny fraction of the data that would be transferred in a centralized surveillance model, providing adequate support for public health with minimal risk of inadvertent disclosure of identifiable PHI. cache = ./cache/cord-267485-1fu1blu0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267485-1fu1blu0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267978-05hxrpi1 author = Nuzzo, Jennifer B. title = What makes health systems resilient against infectious disease outbreaks and natural hazards? Results from a scoping review date = 2019-10-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5580 sentences = 268 flesch = 41 summary = METHODS: We conducted a scoping review of the literature to identify recurring themes and capacities needed for health system resiliency to infectious disease outbreaks and natural hazards and any existing implementation frameworks that highlight these capacities. The aim of this scoping review was to draw from existing literature to characterize specific capacities required to build resilient health systems in the face of infectious disease emergencies and natural hazards, with an emphasis on highlighting potential efforts that health system actors (e.g. health facilities and health service delivery organizations that are not always well-integrated in government-led preparedness initiatives) could pursue to achieve desired health outcomes during health crises. We searched the scholarly and grey-literature databases to identify which capacities should be included in a framework for assessing and improving health system resilience to infectious disease outbreaks and natural hazards. cache = ./cache/cord-267978-05hxrpi1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267978-05hxrpi1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268324-86a0n0dc author = Charitos, Ioannis A title = Special features of SARS-CoV-2 in daily practice date = 2020-09-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6117 sentences = 279 flesch = 42 summary = The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (commonly known as SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus (designated as 2019-nCoV), which was isolated for the first time after the Chinese health authorities reported a cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The clinical picture of critical patients with severe inflammatory-induced lung disease and with sepsis or septic shock needing intensive care support and mechanical ventilation is characterized by a wide range of signs and symptoms of life-threatening multiorgan dysfunction or failure, including dyspnoea, tachypnoea (respiratory rate of > 30/min), tachycardia, chest pain or tightness, hypoxemia, virus-induced distributive shock, cardiac dysfunction, elevations in multiple inflammatory cytokines, renal impairment with oliguria, altered mental status, functional alterations of organs expressed as laboratory data of hyperbilirubinemia, acidosis [serum lactate level > 2 mmol/L (18 mg/dL)], coagulopathy, and thrombocytopenia. cache = ./cache/cord-268324-86a0n0dc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268324-86a0n0dc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268040-6i0bmnee author = Dean, Elizabeth title = Translating COVID-19 Evidence to Maximize Physical Therapists’ Impact and Public Health Response date = 2020-06-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2047 sentences = 119 flesch = 39 summary = Physical therapists need to redouble their efforts to address NCDs by assessing patients for risk factors and manifestations and institute evidence-based health education (smoking cessation, whole-food plant-based nutrition, weight control, physical activity/exercise), and/or support patients' efforts when these are managed by other professionals. This being the era of NCDs, 46 physical therapists have long been urged to exploit lifestyle and behavioral medicine competencies, 47 to reverse NCDs and their risk factors, eg, atherosclerosis, smoking, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, often within days or weeks, and atherosclerosis within one year or more. Consistent with the recent report of the Lancet EAT Commission, 57 the American College of Lifestyle Medicine advocates a whole-food plant-based nutrition to maximize health, prevent disease particularly NCDs, reverse these conditions, and reduce disability, premature death and socioeconomic burdens associated with them. Prevention and outcome of COVID-19 could be substantially impacted with exploitation of non-invasive strategies including health and lifestyle education and exercise, that are subsumed within contemporary physical therapist practice. cache = ./cache/cord-268040-6i0bmnee.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268040-6i0bmnee.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269245-bp4q4plt author = Zhang, Yuan title = Status and influential factors of anxiety depression and insomnia symptoms in the work resumption period of COVID-19 epidemic: A multicenter cross-sectional study date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2843 sentences = 167 flesch = 43 summary = title: Status and influential factors of anxiety depression and insomnia symptoms in the work resumption period of COVID-19 epidemic: A multicenter cross-sectional study Objective: In this study, the authors analyzed the status of anxiety depression and insomnia symptoms and influential factors in the work resumption period of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were used to assess the anxiety, depression, and insomnia symptoms. An online survey [17] and another study on Chinese web users [18] suggested that one-third of people had anxiety symptoms during the outbreak of COVID-19 and the negative emotion increased. suggested participants aged 35-49 years had more severe anxiety, depression, and insomnia symptoms during the outbreak of COVID-19 [20] . The outbreak of COVID-19 limited face-to-face counseling and individualized psychological interventions, which was a serious challenge to the mental health service. cache = ./cache/cord-269245-bp4q4plt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269245-bp4q4plt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268279-umlqh0q4 author = Wenham, Clare title = Cuba y seguridad sanitaria mundial: Cuba’s role in global health security date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6124 sentences = 269 flesch = 44 summary = These concern Cuba's visibility and participation in the broader global health security architecture, the social controls exercised by the state in managing disease threats in Cuban territory, and the resource constraints facing the island—in particular, the effects of the US embargo. These concern Cuba's visibility and participation in the broader global health security architecture, the social controls exercised by the state in managing disease threats in Cuban territory, and the resource constraints facing the island-in particular, the effects of the US embargo. We consider this to be the most apparent embodiment of Cuban health security activities internationally, where the state appears to be supporting response efforts for emerging pathogens by providing human resources and technical expertise within outbreak response, and health systems capacity-building elsewhere in the world, such as the training of international medical professionals. cache = ./cache/cord-268279-umlqh0q4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268279-umlqh0q4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268799-obeinwyq author = Horton, Richard title = Canada 2010: what should global health expect? date = 2009-09-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1346 sentences = 96 flesch = 62 summary = Prime Minister Stephen Harper has already signalled four priorities: the global economy, climate change, development, and democratic governance. Canada has many natural advantages to shape its international policyworld-class universities with global ambitions, a history of international policy infl uence (eg, the 1974 Lalonde report, which redrew the boundaries of health), frontrank scientists and intellectuals who have redefi ned what is possible in health, 7-9 and increasing overseas development assistance. The Lancet-UCL Commission on the health eff ects of climate change 13 argued that global warming is the biggest threat to health in the 21st century. Canada has been the leading nation bar none to develop the concept of peace dividends through policies on health. As the birthplace of evidence-based medicine, Canada's health community should have a strong voice about the way health metrics are used to shape global health policies. Lancet-UCL Institute for Global Health Commission: managing the health eff ects of climate change cache = ./cache/cord-268799-obeinwyq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268799-obeinwyq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-268887-ewf5xhqi author = Kerry, Vanessa B. title = Leveraging Opportunities for Critical Care in Resource-Limited Settings date = 2014-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3446 sentences = 171 flesch = 39 summary = To attempt to provide a more comprehensive picture of the global burden of critical illness using "prototypical" illnesses of sepsis, acute lung injury, and mechanical ventilation, the investigators drew incidence and prevalence rates from observational population-based studies in several countries [2e8] and applied them to data on population and deaths from the Global Burden of Disease project by World Bank regions [9] . Low-cost mobile devices have been adapted in resource-limited settings to provide diagnostic testing for HIV and then to synchronize results in real time with electronic medical health records to expand both care and epidemiological data collection [79] . Knowledge gaps stem from differences in acute disease burden depending on geography, such as with Ebola, severe acute respiratory syndrome, or Middle East respiratory syndrome, as well as from management in resource-limited areas where diagnostics and treatment modalities may not be readily available or patients present in the community and not at more centralized health facilities. cache = ./cache/cord-268887-ewf5xhqi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-268887-ewf5xhqi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270472-tufbqesg author = Amon, Joseph J title = Human rights protections are needed alongside PPE for health-care workers responding to COVID-19 date = 2020-05-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 568 sentences = 43 flesch = 62 summary = title: Human rights protections are needed alongside PPE for health-care workers responding to COVID-19 5 Absent from this picture were two themes reported elsewhere-the Chinese government failing to protect health-care workers or censoring and detaining them for speaking out. In February, 2020, a nurse from Wuhan Central Hospital posted a devastating picture of neglect of health workers and fear of government reprisal on social media, writing that the actual situation was "not as good as reported. 7 The Chinese government is currently detaining three Beijing-based activists who operated a webpage to collect censored COVID-19 stories, and two citizen journalists after reporting on the pandemic. 8 The message to health-care workers is clear-resilience amid challenges does not include demanding adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) or speaking out about conditions. Censorship and attacks on healthcare workers responding to COVID-19 are not limited to China. The experiences of health-care providers during the COVID-19 crisis in China: a qualitative study cache = ./cache/cord-270472-tufbqesg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270472-tufbqesg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269402-xzgfwu8a author = Kamin-Friedman, Shelly title = Would it be legally justified to impose vaccination in Israel? Examining the issue in light of the 2013 detection of polio in Israeli sewage date = 2017-10-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8466 sentences = 383 flesch = 43 summary = MAIN FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION: A mandatory vaccination backed by criminal sanctions in the service of the eradication of contagious diseases would probably be perceived as infringing on the constitutional right to autonomy to a greater extent than necessary according to Israeli law and case law precedents. Justice Barak-Erez did not positively hold that depriving the additional child allowance from families with an unvaccinated child represents a violation of the right to equality, but agreed with Justice Arbel that the law's amendment complied with the stipulations provided in the Limitation Clause: The amendment has a proper purpose (to protect unvaccinated children and promote public health); there is high probability that a financial sanction would be effective and promote vaccination compliance; and the intervention is both minimally infringing and proportionate since it has been balanced by the parents' right to opposition and appeal [28] . cache = ./cache/cord-269402-xzgfwu8a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269402-xzgfwu8a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269164-jdgzx1ss author = Machluf, Yossy title = Gender medicine: Lessons from COVID-19 and other medical conditions for designing health policy date = 2020-09-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8802 sentences = 360 flesch = 38 summary = Then, we highlight a few emerging and influential key themes (detailed below) that should be considered and integrated into a broader approach to gender medicine to inform evidence-based, gender-oriented health policy: (1) Incorporating diverse risk factors (ethnicity, socio-demographic variables, minorities, residence, education, lifestyle habits etc.), in addition to gender, in order to better characterize the needs of sub-populations and properly address their needs; (2) Investigating genderspecific medical profiles of related health conditions, rather than a single disease; (3) The dynamics of gender disparities across developmental stages; and (4) The different levels of analysis: Individual, communal, regional, national and global levels. cache = ./cache/cord-269164-jdgzx1ss.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269164-jdgzx1ss.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269362-pne9qolr author = Yassi, Annalee title = Collaboration between infection control and occupational health in three continents: a success story with international impact date = 2011-11-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4464 sentences = 193 flesch = 38 summary = Post-SARS, Canadian occupational health and infection control researchers got together to study how to better protect health workers, and found that training was indeed perceived as key to a positive safety culture. As the H1N1 pandemic struck, the online infection control course was adapted and translated into Spanish, as was a novel skill-building learning tool that permits health workers to practice selecting personal protective equipment. This international collaboration between occupational health and infection control researchers led to the improvement of the research framework and development of tools, guidelines and information systems. The workplace audit tool, developed originally in Canada by the team (comprised of experts in program evaluation, infection control, occupational health, information technology, public health and medicine), and refined from use in Ecuador and South Africa, was again adapted and workshops held to train occupational health and infection control practitioners from 7 countries across the Caribbean. cache = ./cache/cord-269362-pne9qolr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269362-pne9qolr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269770-7hau5yge author = MacIntyre, C. Raina title = Respiratory protection for healthcare workers treating Ebola virus disease (EVD): Are facemasks sufficient to meet occupational health and safety obligations? date = 2014-09-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3406 sentences = 155 flesch = 46 summary = title: Respiratory protection for healthcare workers treating Ebola virus disease (EVD): Are facemasks sufficient to meet occupational health and safety obligations? Some diseases exclusively transmit through the airborne route in natural setting (e.g. tuberculosis), while other diseases mainly transmit through the droplet or contact modes but short range respiratory aerosols are generated during high risk procedures which increases the risk of infection transmission (Roy and Milton, 2004) . For example, the primary mode of influenza transmission is thought to be droplet (reflected in guidelines which largely recommend surgical masks), but there is increasing evidence that it is also spread by shortrange respiratory aerosols (Bischoff et al., 2013; Tellier, 2009) . Current evidence suggests that human to human transmission occurs predominantly though direct contact with blood and body secretions, (World Health Organization (WHO), 2014a) and this is the basis of the WHO and the CDC recommendations for facemasks to protect HCWs from EVD. cache = ./cache/cord-269770-7hau5yge.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269770-7hau5yge.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270910-xb746mv5 author = Lebrun-Harris, Lydie A. title = Influenza vaccination among U.S. pediatric patients receiving care from federally funded health centers date = 2020-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5236 sentences = 223 flesch = 36 summary = Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the adjusted prevalence rate ratios for the association between demographic characteristics (age, sex, race/ethnicity, poverty level, urban/rural residence, geographic region), health-related variables (receipt of well-child check-up, asthma diagnosis), and influenza vaccination. The strengths of the study include the use of HRSA datasets which are nationally representative of U.S. individuals who receive primary and preventive care from health centers, as well as the analysis of several sociodemographic characteristics to explore potential disparities in influenza vaccine uptake across pediatric subpopulations in underserved communities. Additional research is needed to further explore patient, family, provider, and organizational factors that may influence influenza vaccination among children receiving care at HRSA-funded health centers. Notwithstanding the limitations mentioned above, this study provides the first nationally representative estimates of influenza vaccination rates among pediatric patients receiving care from HRSA-funded health centers, both overall and for subpopulations based on demographic and health-related factors. cache = ./cache/cord-270910-xb746mv5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270910-xb746mv5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269575-hdqa12es author = Wei, B. title = Bridging the gap between education and practice in public health, with particular reference to less-developed provinces in China date = 2010-12-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3205 sentences = 152 flesch = 48 summary = This paper summarizes the current status of increasing public healthcare demand and public health service capacity in China, especially in less-developed provinces, and introduces the current public health educational system and public health administration structure. It has been recognized that there are insufficient qualified, capable public health workers in the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCs) and other public health organizations, 3 particularly in less-developed provinces. This is partly a result of the gap between education and practice in public health, 3, 4 with a need to develop capacity in the public health workforce for disease control and health protection, and also to ensure that health systems deliver effective healthcare. There is a considerable gap between education and practice in public health that has been hindering the further development of public health in China. cache = ./cache/cord-269575-hdqa12es.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269575-hdqa12es.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271892-cadjzw9h author = Ario, Alex Riolexus title = Uganda public health fellowship program’s contribution to building a resilient and sustainable public health system in Uganda date = 2019-05-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3901 sentences = 173 flesch = 43 summary = Methods: To develop a competent workforce to manage epidemics and improve disease surveillance, Uganda Ministry of Health (MoH) established an advanced-level Field Epidemiology Training Program, called Public Health Fellowship Program (PHFP); closely modelled after the US CDC's Epidemic Intelligence Service. The shortage of field epidemiologists in Uganda to address critical aspects of health in the public sector prompted the Uganda Ministry of Health (MoH), with support of key partners including Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) and US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), to establish the Uganda Public Health Fellowship Program (PHFP) in 2015. During the two-year fellowship period, fellows are required to attain certain core competencies in domains that include public health emergency response, surveillance data analysis, surveillance system evaluation, applied epidemiologic study, cost analysis of outbreaks, quality improvement science, burden of disease estimation, and leadership skills. cache = ./cache/cord-271892-cadjzw9h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271892-cadjzw9h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270113-cdqhs4bg author = Sharma, Vinita title = Risk and Protective Factors for Adolescent and Young Adult Mental Health Within the Context of COVID-19: A Perspective From Nepal date = 2020-05-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 978 sentences = 66 flesch = 48 summary = title: Risk and Protective Factors for Adolescent and Young Adult Mental Health Within the Context of COVID-19: A Perspective From Nepal The following are some COVID-19erelated mental health risk factors in Nepalese youths: (1) deficient youth mental health services funding; (2) social media use; (3) a suddenly-imposed lockdown; (4) lack of understanding of lockdown restrictions; (5) sudden work/student life changes; (6) abrupt postponement of the Secondary Education Examination (SSE); and (7) exposure to devastating earthquakes in 2015. Social media use has been correlated with negative mental health outcomes such as stress and depression [11] . Nepalese youths experienced negative post-2015-earthquake mental health outcomes, including post-traumatic stress disorder [18] . COVID-19 pandemic challenges are likely to lead to negative mental health outcomes among youths, especially in Nepal. Chronological order of events related to risk and protective factors for COVID-19erelated negative mental health outcomes among adolescents and youths in Nepal. cache = ./cache/cord-270113-cdqhs4bg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270113-cdqhs4bg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271887-blwrpf38 author = Sampa, Masuda Begum title = Redesigning Portable Health Clinic Platform as a Remote Healthcare System to Tackle COVID-19 Pandemic Situation in Unreached Communities date = 2020-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5654 sentences = 271 flesch = 47 summary = Our initial examination of the suitability of the PHC and its associated technologies as a key contributor to public health responses is designed to "flatten the curve", particularly among unreached high-risk NCD populations in developing countries. Portable Health Clinic (PHC) services, which is an RHS, have proven efficacy in providing necessary information and preventive measures for people without access to healthcare facilities [17] [18] [19] . No previous study to date has examined the scopes of designing and developing an RHS based on the general requirements to facilitate primary screening and triaging COVID-19 and primary healthcare services for preventing COVID-19 and controlling NCDs. However, such screening and triaging COVID-19 by an RHS is important for cost-effective check-ups and for reducing the risk of transmission for unreached communities with various needs. In its existing functional form, deploying the PHC and related RHS technologies for socially distanced populations during a public health emergency, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, is beneficial in reducing the risk of transmission to frontline healthcare professionals. cache = ./cache/cord-271887-blwrpf38.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271887-blwrpf38.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271249-f634kpug author = Ripp, Jonathan title = Attending to the Emotional Well-Being of the Health Care Workforce in a New York City Health System During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-04-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2561 sentences = 105 flesch = 44 summary = In this Invited Commentary, the authors describe how an MSHS Employee, Faculty, and Trainee Crisis Support Task Force-created in early March 2020 and composed of behavioral health, human resources, and wellbeing leaders from across the health system-used a rapid needs assessment model to capture the concerns of the workforce related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The task force identified 3 priority areas central to promoting and maintaining the well-being of the entire MSHS workforce during the pandemic: meeting basic daily needs; enhancing communications for delivery of current, reliable, and reassuring messages; and developing robust psychosocial and mental health support options. The task force identified 3 priority areas central to promoting and maintaining the well-being of the entire MSHS workforce during the pandemic: meeting basic daily needs; enhancing communications for delivery of current, reliable, and reassuring messages; and developing robust psychosocial and mental health support options. cache = ./cache/cord-271249-f634kpug.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271249-f634kpug.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271898-cct702cv author = Duplaga, Mariusz title = The Acceptance of Key Public Health Interventions by the Polish Population Is Related to Health Literacy, But Not eHealth Literacy date = 2020-07-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6902 sentences = 331 flesch = 48 summary = The main aim of this study was to assess the association between HL and eHL with the opinions about vaccinations and the introduction of the ST held by a representative sample of the adult Polish population. According to the systematic review published by Lopez et al., higher acceptance of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine was associated most consistently with female gender and younger age of respondent parent, female gender of the adolescent, higher household income and previous childhood vaccinations [35] . Finally, the systematic review with a meta-analysis based on 20 papers reporting the results of 22 studies, published in 2019 by Eykelenboom et al., showed that 42% of the public supported the SSB tax; 39% accepted it as a measure to reduce obesity, and 66% supported it if the revenue is used for some type of health-improving initiative [70] . cache = ./cache/cord-271898-cct702cv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271898-cct702cv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269467-8opv4t7p author = Caraccio, Chiara title = No protocol and no liability: a call for COVID crisis guidelines that protect vulnerable populations date = 2020-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3320 sentences = 168 flesch = 45 summary = The mortality rates of vulnerable and minority populations alone suggest a need to re-evaluate clinical decision making protocols, especially given the recently passed Emergency or Disaster Treatment Protection Act, which grants healthcare institutions full immunity from liability stemming from resource allocation/triage decisions. Disability Rights New York, an advocacy group for persons with disabilities in New York State, has previously filed a complaint against the New York Department of Health for its 2015 ventilator triage policy, which failed to specify that allocation decisions ought exclude disability. The Act grants healthcare workers, including physicians, administrators and hospital managers, immunity from criminal and civil liability for harms and damages resulting from the COVID-19 crisis. Crisis standards of patient care guidance with an emphasis on pandemic influenza: triage and ventilator allocation guideline Crisis standards of care: guidance for the ethical allocation of scarce resources during a community-wide public health emergency cache = ./cache/cord-269467-8opv4t7p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269467-8opv4t7p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271392-u6vme2c8 author = Eussen, Björn G.M. title = Stimulating collaboration between human and veterinary health care professionals date = 2017-06-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7389 sentences = 365 flesch = 40 summary = RESULTS: Based on Gaertner and Dovidio's Common Ingroup Identity Model, a number of questionnaires were designed and tested; with PROGRESS, the relation between collaboration and common goal was assessed, mediated by decategorization, recategorization, mutual differentiation and knowledge sharing. However, in terms of making room for the bigger collective goal alongside their responsibilities related to the day-to-day care of their own patients, human and veterinary healthcare professionals often see insufficient added value [14] , even though a greater awareness of the added value associated with collaboration would ultimately result in improved care [5, 15, 16] . The current study will not only indicate whether the Common Ingroup Identity Model is useful for the respective groups of healthcare professionals, but it will also quantitatively assess the relationships between the common goal and collaboration in combination with associated mediating factors. One Health as a common goal has a positive effect on collaboration between human and veterinary healthcare professionals. cache = ./cache/cord-271392-u6vme2c8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271392-u6vme2c8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271975-iygxrlxg author = Maher, Paul J. title = Mapping public health responses with attitude networks: the emergence of opinion‐based groups in the UK’s early COVID‐19 response phase date = 2020-07-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4273 sentences = 249 flesch = 51 summary = However, in times of rapid societal change, novel opinion-based groups can emerge and provide a new basis for partisan identification and divergent collective behaviour. However, as previously seen during the Brexit debate in the United Kingdom, new 'opinion-based groups' (McGarty, Bliuc, Thomas, & Bongiorno, 2009) can emerge from social processes without clear relations to prior groups or socio-political structures. Using a novel network-based method, we explore whether opposing attitude-based clusters emerge over time and investigate whether factional attitude alignment becomes a basis for divergence in public health behaviour. In two complimentary studies, we investigate (i) the emergence of factional alignment in health attitudes during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, (ii) consequences for maintaining public health behaviour, and (iii) the contribution of pre-existing social categories. These distinct attitudebased factions differed in behavioural compliance, suggesting that trust in science and health officials is a core basis for emerging COVID-19 opinion-based groups. cache = ./cache/cord-271975-iygxrlxg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271975-iygxrlxg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270969-zb6ih5dl author = Chongsuvivatwong, Virasakdi title = Health and health-care systems in southeast Asia: diversity and transitions date = 2011-01-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5892 sentences = 289 flesch = 48 summary = Southeast Asia is a region of enormous social, economic, and political diversity, both across and within countries, shaped by its history, geography, and position as a major crossroad of trade and the movement of goods and services. Rapid but inequitable socioeconomic development, coupled with differing rates of demographic and epidemiological transitions, have accentuated health disparities and posed great public health challenges for national health systems, particularly the control of emerging infectious diseases and the rise of non-communicable diseases within ageing populations. • The diversity of geography and history, including social, cultural, and economic diff erences, have contributed to highly divergent health status and health systems across and within countries of southeast Asia. Regional collaboration in standards of data collection and health systems analysis is hampered by WHO's division of the ASEAN region into two areas under separate regional offi ces: the South-East Asia Regional Offi ce, encompassing Indonesia, Myanmar, and Thailand, and the Western Pacifi c Regional Offi ce, consisting of the remaining countries. cache = ./cache/cord-270969-zb6ih5dl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270969-zb6ih5dl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272498-s58l65s4 author = Moyer, Jeff title = A time of reflection: a time for change date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 852 sentences = 41 flesch = 58 summary = At the same time, our modern, conventional farming systems contribute up to a quarter of global greenhouse emissions and rely on toxic inputs that threaten our health, biodiversity, clean air and water, and our soil's long-term capacity to produce food-all of which ultimately jeopardize the future of human health and all of which can be mitigated by changing the model. Regenerative organic agriculture, on the other hand, envisions a future in which farming, healthcare, and food production practices inform a prevention and intervention-based approach to human and planetary health. By integrating our food production and healthcare systems, transitioning to a regenerative organic farming model, building in access to food that improves health rather than compromises it and emphasizing nutrition and lifestyle choices that prevent disease, we could radically change the system and take control of our health through farming. cache = ./cache/cord-272498-s58l65s4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272498-s58l65s4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272843-fis10xbi author = Chowdhury, Rajiv title = Cardiometabolic Health: Key in Reducing Adverse COVID-19 Outcomes date = 2020-08-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2557 sentences = 154 flesch = 40 summary = Whilst current public health measures focused on good hygiene practices and limiting person-to-person transmission contribute effectively in managing the COVID-19 pandemic, they will not prevent all individuals from becoming infected. The value of beneficial health behaviours and a healthy lifestyle to improve immune functioning and lower adverse consequences of COVID-19 are increasingly being emphasized. Here we discuss seven key health behaviours that may assist in reducing unfavourable COVID-19 outcomes whilst having important co-beneficial impacts on non-communicable disease prevention (Figure 1) . Furthermore, smoking is known to be associated with viral infections and severity (e.g., influenza) as smokers are more likely to have poorer lung function/capacity [11] , contract microbial diseases (through structural changes in the respiratory tract, decreased immunity) [12] , and perform repetitive hand-to-mouth movements. While being conscious of implementation challenges, proposed actions provide guidance on health behaviours improving immune and cardiorespiratory function that may reduce adverse COVID-19 outcomes. cache = ./cache/cord-272843-fis10xbi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272843-fis10xbi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271679-94h6rcih author = Sharififar, Simintaj title = Factors affecting hospital response in biological disasters: A qualitative study date = 2020-03-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8726 sentences = 465 flesch = 36 summary = Results: After analyzing 12 interviews, extraction resulted in 76 common codes, 28 subcategories, and 8 categories, which are as follow: detection; treatment and infection control; coordination, Resources; training and exercises; communication and information system; construction; and planning and assessment. The common codes derived from these subcategories are as follow: the ability to control infections during deliberate or natural biological outbreaks; the availability of preventive drugs at a predetermined time during an epidemic of communicable diseases; appropriate vaccination of people at risk; and the safety of hospitalized or outpatients patients in the outbreak of infectious diseases; and waste management. In this qualitative study, which was done using content analysis, the effective factors for hospital performance in biological emergencies in IR of Iran were identified as follow: diagnosis; treatment and control of infection; resources; coordination; training and practice; communication and information systems; construction; and planning and assessment. cache = ./cache/cord-271679-94h6rcih.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271679-94h6rcih.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271115-3nhbzybq author = Liu, Jianghong title = Policy brief on climate change and mental health/well-being date = 2020-09-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3308 sentences = 134 flesch = 40 summary = Nurses must advocate for research, education, and policies that support disaster-resilient infrastructure and human services that allow communities across the globe to effectively mitigate the impact of climate change on human health. While research continues to emerge, current evidence suggests that a wide range of serious physical and mental health consequences, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and suicide and/or suicidal thoughts, result from exposure to climate-related disasters Clayton, Manning, Krygsman, & Speiser, 2017) . Some examples of adaptive strategies include providing counseling (Hayes, Blashki, Wiseman, Burke, & Reifels, 2018) , advocating for removal of barriers in access and cost to mental health care in insurance plans (Rowan, McAlpine, & Blewett, 2013) , and conducting more research on existing populations of individuals who have been affected by climate change (Hayes et al., 2018) . cache = ./cache/cord-271115-3nhbzybq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271115-3nhbzybq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270970-9gtnsyts author = Wolf, Michael S. title = Awareness, Attitudes, and Actions Related to COVID-19 Among Adults With Chronic Conditions at the Onset of the U.S. Outbreak: A Cross-sectional Survey date = 2020-04-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4493 sentences = 213 flesch = 51 summary = In multivariable analyses, participants who were black, were living below the poverty level, and had low health literacy were more likely to be less worried about COVID-19, to not believe that they would become infected, and to feel less prepared for an outbreak. We did a time-sensitive study among higher-risk, older adults living with 1 or more chronic conditions to determine their current awareness of COVID-19, their perception of the seriousness of its threat, their level of worry and concern related to contracting the virus, whether it is affecting their daily routine or existing plans, how prepared they feel to handle an outbreak, and their confidence in the federal government response. In our study, disparities by race, socioeconomic status, and health literacy were not reflected in ratings of the seriousness of the COVID-19 threat, demonstrated knowledge of its symptom presentation or general means to prevent it, or reported changes to daily routines and plans. cache = ./cache/cord-270970-9gtnsyts.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270970-9gtnsyts.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272965-l0d7rgt0 author = Turcotte-Tremblay, Anne-Marie title = Global health is more than just ‘Public Health Somewhere Else’ date = 2020-05-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1969 sentences = 117 flesch = 54 summary = ► King and Koski's definition of global health may exacerbate inequities by reserving the right to call oneself a global health researcher to those who are privileged and have access to funding that enables them to travel to other settings. Moreover, King and Koski's 1 definition is not adequate because some global health initiatives are aimed at finding solutions to domestic problems, whether it be in a high, middle or low-income country. 6 7 There are examples of global health research and interventions where countries and communities have worked collaboratively and shared expertise, cultural knowledge and other resources to develop appropriate and effective solutions. 6 11 12 Recognising global health as a field in its own right is crucial to ensure there are dedicated resources for training and forums where the global health community can exchange and share knowledge, so that best practices can be further promoted, especially among students and emerging researchers and practitioners. cache = ./cache/cord-272965-l0d7rgt0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272965-l0d7rgt0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272311-91xjkv6m author = Martin, Anastasia title = A Rapid Systematic Review Exploring the Involvement of Medical Students in Pandemics and Other Global Health Emergencies date = 2020-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5655 sentences = 337 flesch = 49 summary = METHODS: A rapid systematic review was undertaken, including articles from online databases discussing the roles, willingness and appropriateness of medical student involvement in global health emergencies. Data were extracted using the predefined standardized form and included: article, author, year, journal, country, article type, article design, aim, area studied (role/willingness/appropriateness/preparedness), article population, setting/context, the number of participants, methodology, outcomes, key findings, relation to past global health emergency (if applicable), comments on the role; comments on willingness, comments on appropriateness, and critical appraisal. Future research should be targeted at filling important gaps in the literature discussed above, including evaluating the effectiveness of different roles undertaken by medical students in global health emergencies and the ethical issues regarding the appropriateness of the medical students' involvement. cache = ./cache/cord-272311-91xjkv6m.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272311-91xjkv6m.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274163-yxl9a9u7 author = Yadav, Uday Narayan title = A Syndemic Perspective on the Management of Non-communicable Diseases Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic in Low- and Middle-Income Countries date = 2020-09-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3756 sentences = 178 flesch = 43 summary = These interactions can affect the physical, emotional, and social well-being of PLWNCDs. In this paper, we discuss the effects of the COVID-19 syndemic on PLWNCDs, particularly how it has exposed them to NCD risk factors and disrupted essential public health services. We argue that, for people living with NCDs (PLWNCDs), COVID-19 is considered a syndemic-a synergistic pandemic that interacts with various pre-existing medical conditions and social, ecological, and political factors and exacerbates existing NCDs. Studies have reported higher proportions of frailty (13, 14) , malnutrition (15) , psychological problems (16) , and coinfections, including antimicrobial resistance pathogens, among PLWNCDs (17) in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). cache = ./cache/cord-274163-yxl9a9u7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274163-yxl9a9u7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271867-n563yqw4 author = Falicov, Celia title = Expanding Possibilities: Flexibility and Solidarity with Under Resourced Immigrant Families During the Covid‐19 Pandemic date = 2020-07-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8994 sentences = 434 flesch = 50 summary = We compare and contrast the learnings of flexibility of time, space, procedures or attendance we acquired in this clinical community setting during regular times, with the new challenges families and therapists face, and the adaptations needed to continue to work with our clients in culturally responsive and empowering ways during the Covid‐19 pandemic. During Covid-19, the SRFC physicians, pharmacy team, medical students, staff, volunteers, mental health team, social workers, and promotoras (experienced community members who are core staff and act as "trust bridges" to the community (Beck, 2005) ) have come together to continue to provide health, mental health care and emotional support through telemedicine and delivery of medications and food to patients' homes. Relying on our learnings about providing services to under resourced families and communities in regular times, during the Covid-19 pandemic we expand the limits of what appears possible in a variety of new ways. cache = ./cache/cord-271867-n563yqw4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271867-n563yqw4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271765-altqn10l author = Fernández-Díaz, Elena title = Exploring WHO Communication during the COVID 19 Pandemic through the WHO Website Based on W3C Guidelines: Accessible for All? date = 2020-08-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6459 sentences = 272 flesch = 51 summary = Therefore, any communication must be understandable and accessible by all types of people, regardless of their technology, language, culture or disability (physical or mental), according to the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), taking on special relevance for public health content. Moreover, it is surprising that the average duration of visits has also increased, so it can be said that the WHO website has been and is a reference for consultation on public health on a global level, especially in times of pandemics This search result confirms that the WHO has a social responsibility to provide quality content and information that is accessible to all types of people, since as the network evolves, different challenges are being addressed, resulting in a continuous need for relationships and trust [29] . cache = ./cache/cord-271765-altqn10l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271765-altqn10l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273785-mxehiuq1 author = Soofi, Moslem title = Using Insights from Behavioral Economics to Mitigate the Spread of COVID-19 date = 2020-05-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3381 sentences = 159 flesch = 43 summary = Public health policy needs improved methods to encourage people to adhere to COVID-19-preventive behaviors. While multiple biases are identified in the field of behavioral economics, in this paper we focus on six that tend to be particularly relevant to COVID-19-related behaviors: present bias, status quo bias, framing effect, optimism bias, affect heuristic, and herding behavior. It seems that health messages intended to encourage people to engage in COVID-19-preventive behaviors (e.g., social distancing) should be framed in terms of gains, such as "If you wash your hands properly/ follow social distancing policy/adhere to the stay-at-home policy, you will increase the chances of yourself and your family having a long, healthy life." This paper can improve our understanding of the decision-making biases that can be applied as entry points in public health policies and interventions for the prevention of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-273785-mxehiuq1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273785-mxehiuq1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271330-9mk5c268 author = Storr, Julie title = Core components for effective infection prevention and control programmes: new WHO evidence-based recommendations date = 2017-01-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10561 sentences = 519 flesch = 38 summary = Improvements in IPC at the national and facility level are critical for the successful containment of antimicrobial resistance and the prevention of HAI, including outbreaks of highly transmissible diseases through high quality care within the context of universal health coverage. Given the limited availability of IPC evidence-based guidance and standards, the World Health Organization (WHO) decided to prioritize the development of global recommendations on the core components of effective IPC programmes both at the national and acute health care facility level, based on systematic literature reviews and expert consensus. (Strong recommendation, very low quality of evidence) Evaluation of the evidence from two studies (one controlled before-after study [17] and one interrupted time series [18] ) showed that IPC programmes including dedicated, trained professionals are effective in reducing HAI in acute care facilities. The panel recommends that facility-based HAI surveillance should be performed to guide IPC interventions and detect outbreaks, including AMR surveillance, with timely feedback of results to health care workers and stakeholders and through national networks. cache = ./cache/cord-271330-9mk5c268.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271330-9mk5c268.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273918-knlc3bxh author = Holmes, Emily A title = Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: a call for action for mental health science date = 2020-04-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10279 sentences = 452 flesch = 35 summary = 1,2 Furthermore, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes COVID-19, might infect the brain or trigger immune responses that have additional adverse effects on brain function and mental health in patients with Research funders and researchers must deploy resources to understand the psychological, social, and neuroscientific effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. We use the term mental health sciences to reflect the many different disciplines, including, but not limited to, psychology, psychiatry, clinical medicine, behavioural and social sciences, and neuroscience, that will need to work together in a multidisciplinary fashion together with people with lived experience of mental health issues or COVID-19 to address these research priorities. cache = ./cache/cord-273918-knlc3bxh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273918-knlc3bxh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272001-er7lvhn5 author = Farewell, Charlotte V. title = A Mixed-Methods Pilot Study of Perinatal Risk and Resilience During COVID-19 date = 2020-07-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3727 sentences = 221 flesch = 50 summary = The primary aim of this pilot study was to use mixed-methods to better understand the mental health and well-being effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, as well as sources of resilience, among women during the perinatal period. Thirty-one pregnant and postpartum women participated in phone interviews and were invited to complete an online survey which included validated mental health and well-being measures. 10, 11 Many studies have explored the impacts of disasters, or events that cause disruption exceeding the adjustment capacity of the affected community, 13 on mental health and have found that prenatal and postpartum women may experience significantly higher rates of mood disorders during disasters compared with the general population. 19 The primary aim of this pilot study was to use mixed-methods to better understand mental health and well-being, as well as sources of resilience, for women in the perinatal period during the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-272001-er7lvhn5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272001-er7lvhn5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273036-nrc35akc author = Zou, Xiaojing title = Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II Score as a Predictor of Hospital Mortality in Patients of Coronavirus Disease 2019 date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3677 sentences = 213 flesch = 56 summary = We aimed to assess the association between Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score and hospital mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019, and to compare the predictive ability of Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, with Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score and Confusion, Urea, Respiratory rate, Blood pressure, Age 65 (CURB65) score. Conclusions: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score was an effective clinical tool to predict hospital mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 compared with Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score and CURB65 score. Conclusions: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score was an effective clinical tool to predict hospital mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 compared with Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score and CURB65 score. Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score are commonly used to assess disease severity and estimate hospital mortality in general critical illnesses (7, 8) . cache = ./cache/cord-273036-nrc35akc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273036-nrc35akc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274570-dcewfkmi author = Zhang, Xiao-Bo title = Response to children’s physical and mental needs during the COVID-19 outbreak date = 2020-05-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1252 sentences = 53 flesch = 42 summary = As concerns rose over the potential impacts of such NPI measures on children's health, such as longer exposure to digital screens, irregular sleep pattern, weight gain, and loss of cardiorespiratory fitness [1] , the Chinese Government, experts on public health, educators on school health, and teachers have been making joint and massive efforts to provide distance learning with well-organized online courses to help. How can we cooperate with experts on public health and with educators on school health to perform health communication and to minimize the impact of the pandemic on children's physical and mental health? In the context of such a crisis, as the National Children's Medical Center, we launched a special project, the Child Health Initiative for Children and Adolescents (CHI) (https ://erke-he.51tin gyi.com/home/index ), to provide multidisciplinary support and services on physical and mental health, to perform health communication, and to relieve anxiety and stress. cache = ./cache/cord-274570-dcewfkmi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274570-dcewfkmi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274459-781by93r author = Khalifa, Shaden A. M. title = Comprehensive Overview on Multiple Strategies Fighting COVID-19 date = 2020-08-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5466 sentences = 311 flesch = 51 summary = Our review aims to evaluate strategies of the most affected countries from different continents all over the world (China, Italy, Germany, France, Spain, America, Canada, Brazil, UK, India, Japan, Singapore, Iran, Korea, and Australia) for confronting the epidemic as it explains the best practices that could help other countries to overcome current or any upcoming pandemic. Most countries were forced to announce emergency measures to protect vulnerable people and block ways of transmission due to the continuous increase in confirmed cases by time as reported in Figure 3 [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] . Most countries were forced to announce emergency measures to protect vulnerable people and block ways of transmission due to the continuous increase in confirmed cases by time as reported in Figure 3 [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] . cache = ./cache/cord-274459-781by93r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274459-781by93r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272933-b2phq37e author = Alonso Tabares, Diego title = An airport operations proposal for a pandemic-free air travel date = 2020-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6828 sentences = 372 flesch = 54 summary = This paper proposes a pandemic-free travel concept based on creating an infectious diseases free zone in the airport terminal building through screening of passengers, crews and airport workers. First, preparing to restart and recover aviation to normal traffic levels; then, being ready for the next health crisis and secure passenger confidence in air travel (IATA, 2020b) . The companies working at the airport terminal building premises (airports, airlines, ground handlers, national agencies, subcontracted personnel, retailers …) are implementing the following measures to continue or resume operations (ACI-Europe, 2020; Changi airport, 2020; U.S. Department of Transportation, 2020), to prevent the spread of COVID-19: -Cleaning and sanitizing: enhancing sanitation of floors, carpets, high-contact areas … also, providing hand sanitizers and wipes for facility users. Its success will depend on technical advances on infectious detection means, acceptance to replace quarantines by testing, build of appropriate industry standards and State regulations, adequate health screening responsibility management, public opinion and support by all the air travel stakeholders. cache = ./cache/cord-272933-b2phq37e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272933-b2phq37e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272998-jx4xpbjl author = Alsan, Marcella title = The effect of population health on foreign direct investment inflows to low- and middle-income countries date = 2006-02-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7970 sentences = 437 flesch = 52 summary = This paper investigates the effect of population health on gross inflows of foreign direct investment (FDI). The Effect of Population Health on Foreign Direct Investment Inflows to Low-and Middle-Income Countries To investigate if health status of a population affects FDI inflows, we conduct a panel data analysis of 74 industrialized and developing countries over the period 1980-2000. The remainder of the paper is organized as follows: Section 2 presents stylized facts regarding FDI and its relationship to developing countries and human capital; Section 3 reviews empirical evidence and theoretical arguments for considering health as a form of human capital; Section 4 describes the theory of FDI inflows and the empirical model used in the analysis; Section 5 details the data used and our sources; Section 6 presents our empirical results; and Section 7 concludes. This paper provides empirical evidence that health is indeed a positive and statistically significant determinant of gross FDI inflows to low-and middle-income countries. cache = ./cache/cord-272998-jx4xpbjl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272998-jx4xpbjl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271914-idvf47rs author = Umucu, Emre title = Pain intensity and mental health quality of life in veterans with mental illnesses: the intermediary role of physical health and the ability to participate in activities date = 2020-09-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4837 sentences = 226 flesch = 41 summary = PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the intermediary role of physical health quality of life and ability to participate social roles and activities in the relationship between pain intensity and mental health quality of life in veterans with mental illnesses. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the intermediary role of physical health quality of life and ability to participate in social roles and activities in the relationship between pain intensity and mental health quality of life in veterans with mental illnesses. Although there is a lack of research examining the intermediary role of physical health QOL and ability to participate in social roles and activities for the relationship between pain intensity and mental health QOL among veterans, it is also important to report that our findings are partially consistent with some studies with different populations. cache = ./cache/cord-271914-idvf47rs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271914-idvf47rs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274580-h7sxkqw7 author = Cheng, Yang title = China's unique role in the field of global health date = 2019-11-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3612 sentences = 195 flesch = 50 summary = Consistent with its emphasis on promoting global health, China follows the norm of "building a community of shared future for mankind", which operates as a guiding principle for China when it participates in global governance, as proposed by Chinese President Xi Jinping, in keeping with the 17 United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to be achieved by 2030. The first is to advocate the Belt and Road Initiative that seeks to share China's experience and wisdom with the world, to promote global peace and cooperation, and to engage in joint development endeavors. To improve China-Africa Cooperation in public health, there could be a variety of ways, including regularly communicating and discussing relevant topics, short-term training (10 days) and further study (3 months) programs for the Belt and Road countries in Africa, holding seminars, and sending experts to introduce the international public health development aid and enhance capacity to participate. cache = ./cache/cord-274580-h7sxkqw7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274580-h7sxkqw7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273045-ele1cz86 author = Johnson, Claire D. title = Response of Practicing Chiropractors during the Early Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Descriptive Report date = 2020-06-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 13963 sentences = 878 flesch = 54 summary = authors: Johnson, Claire D.; Green, Bart N.; Konarski-Hart, Karen K.; Hewitt, Elise G.; Napuli, Jason G.; Foshee, William K.; Brown, Jason W.; Kopansky-Giles, Deborah; Stuber, Kent J.; Lerede, Caterina; Charlton, Scott T.; Field, Jonathan R.; Botelho, Marcelo B.; Da Silva, Kendrah L.; Tønner, Gitte; Yap, Terrence BK.; Gkolfinopoulos, Vasileios S.; Quintero, Gabriel; Agaoglu, Mustafa H. 68 The Texas Board of Chiropractic Examiners issued guidelines on appropriateness of chiropractic care through April 30 that stated, "Licensees should only provide essential chiropractic services for patients with current or recurrent complaints of pain or disability which adversely affects the patient's ability to engage in the essential activities of daily living or work, or adversely affects the patient's quality of life, and with anticipation of material improvement under chiropractic care." 69 As of May 1, updated orders included that licensed chiropractors could provide wellness care but, "should continue to adhere to safety and prevention best practices specified in the most current advice from the Centers for Disease Control." 70 William Foshee. cache = ./cache/cord-273045-ele1cz86.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273045-ele1cz86.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274996-fk510s1v author = Babatunde, Gbotemi Bukola title = Stakeholders' perceptions of child and adolescent mental health services in a South African district: a qualitative study date = 2020-10-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7858 sentences = 373 flesch = 47 summary = The participants include stakeholders from the Departments of Health (DoH), Basic Education (DBE), community-based/non-governmental organizations and caregivers of children receiving CAMH care. These multiple stakeholders, particularly teachers and caregivers (parents, grandparents, foster parents and other family members), are perceived to be active gatekeepers to CAMH care, given their vital role in identifying and seeking help for children and adolescents with mental (behavioural, emotional, social and developmental) disorders. Service providers who helped to identify and refer children and adolescents potentially requiring mental health care were situated at different levels of the community, health and education systems, and included nurses in clinics, social workers in the communities, educators, learner support agents and school health nurses in schools. A senior mental health professional highlighted that the psychologists are mostly the first point of contact for children and adolescents with CAMH conditions within the hospital (most of the referrals from the schools are addressed to them) and they refer them to the appropriate specialists for cases in need of more specialized interventions. cache = ./cache/cord-274996-fk510s1v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274996-fk510s1v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275660-zdw50gt2 author = Mao, Kang title = The potential of an integrated biosensor system with mobile health and wastewater-based epidemiology (iBMW) for the prevention, surveillance, monitoring and intervention of the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-09-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1735 sentences = 89 flesch = 44 summary = A lack of effective methods for screening potential patients, rapidly diagnosing suspected cases, and accurately monitoring the epidemic in real time to prevent the rapid spread of COVID-19 raises significant difficulties in mitigating the epidemic in many countries. In this communication, we discuss the feasibility of an integrated point-of-care biosensor system with mobile health for wastewater-based epidemiology (iBMW) for early warning of COVID-19, screening and diagnosis of potential infectors, and improving health care and public health. We discuss the feasibility of an integrated POC 55 biosensor system with mobile health for wastewater-based epidemiology (iBMW) for early warning 56 of COVID-19, screening and diagnosis of potential infectors, improving patient health care and 57 monitoring public health. The first crucial step is the rapid and accurate diagnosis of COVID-19 to screen potential patients, 62 confirm suspected cases, provide timely health care/treatment, monitor and manage the epidemic 63 (Udugama et al. cache = ./cache/cord-275660-zdw50gt2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275660-zdw50gt2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273805-01b94ids author = Paul, Elisabeth title = An assessment of the core capacities of the Senegalese health system to deliver Universal Health Coverage date = 2020-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4120 sentences = 250 flesch = 50 summary = Based on a critical review of existing data and documents, complemented by the authors' experience in supporting UHC policy making and implementation in Senegal, we apply the World Health Organisation's conceptual framework based on six health system building blocks (leadership and governance; financing; health workforce; infrastructure, equipment, pharmaceuticals and medical products; health information; and service delivery) [8] , enhanced by an analysis of the demand-side of the health system (characteristics and expectations of the Senegalese populations) [9] . However, based on our appraisal of the situation, two important issues weaken the governance of the health and social protection sectors in Senegal: on the one hand, severe disparities in the way in which resources are allocated and managed in the sector and across regions [2, 15] ; and on J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f the other hand, the fragmentation of the institutions in charge of managing and implementing the various aspects of the overall UHC policy. cache = ./cache/cord-273805-01b94ids.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273805-01b94ids.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276007-fu04n9p3 author = Séroussi, Brigitte title = Transparency of Health Informatics Processes as the Condition of Healthcare Professionals’ and Patients’ Trust and Adoption: the Rise of Ethical Requirements date = 2020-08-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2940 sentences = 117 flesch = 40 summary = With the wide use of EHRs, the enlargement of the care team perimeter, the need for data sharing for care continuity, the reuse of data for the sake of research, and the implementation of AI-powered decision support tools, new ethics requirements are necessary to address issues such as threats on privacy, confidentiality breaches, poor security practices, lack of patient information, tension on data sharing and reuse policies, need for more transparency on apps effectiveness, biased algorithms with discriminatory outcomes, guarantee on trustworthy AI, concerns on the re-identification of de-identified data. With the wide use of EHRs, the enlargement of the care team perimeter, the need for data sharing for care continuity, the reuse of data for the sake of research, and the implementation of AI-powered decision support tools, new ethics requirements are necessary to address issues such as threats on privacy, confidentiality breaches, poor security practices, lack of patient information, tension on data sharing and reuse policies, need for more transparency on apps effectiveness, biased algorithms with discriminatory outcomes, guarantee on trustworthy AI, concerns on the re-identification of de-identified data. cache = ./cache/cord-276007-fu04n9p3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276007-fu04n9p3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274895-rw5keyos author = Tao, Wenjuan title = Towards universal health coverage: lessons from 10 years of healthcare reform in China date = 2020-03-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5047 sentences = 284 flesch = 51 summary = However, much of the early research focused solely on the first 3-year reform after 2009 in China, summary box ► Continued political support is the most important enabling condition for achieving universal health coverage (UHC). 42 43 Under the goal of achieving UHC, China concentrated on establishing the four systems (ie, public health service system, medical service system, health insurance system, and drug supply and security system), based on the eight functional mechanisms that could provide essential supports. There were five reform priorities: (1) accelerating the establishment of a basic health insurance system; (2) establishing a preliminary national essential drug system; (3) improving the primary care delivery system to provide basic healthcare; (4) making basic public health services (BPHS) available and equal for all; and (5) piloting public hospital reforms. cache = ./cache/cord-274895-rw5keyos.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274895-rw5keyos.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276150-hp174yft author = Basnet, Sangita title = COVID-19 Containment Efforts of a Low-Resource Nation: The First Four Months in Nepal date = 2020-07-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3319 sentences = 188 flesch = 54 summary = In our review, we determined that the key steps taken by Nepal included border control to prevent the importation of cases, strict quarantine in facilities for anyone entering the country, early case detection, and isolation of all infected cases irrespective of symptoms. Towards the end of March, there were five cases that had arrived from China, Europe, and Dubai that tested positive and were placed in isolation in COVID-19-designated hospitals in Kathmandu. On May 7, in order to increase the rate of testing in the limited number of facilities, PCR of pooled samples of individuals in quarantine and low risk for COVID-19 was started at a ratio of 1:5. After the initial cases introduced into Kathmandu by flight in early March as detailed above, there was a cohort of a few dozen Indian nationals adjacent to the border entering Nepal from India by land that tested positive. cache = ./cache/cord-276150-hp174yft.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276150-hp174yft.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275801-cjxuvyh9 author = Sylvestre, Emmanuelle title = Health Informatics Support for Outbreak Management: how to respond without an Electronic Health Record? date = 2020-08-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 804 sentences = 52 flesch = 55 summary = Then, we developed a web application where each clinician can fill specific forms to monitor COVID symptoms and their evolution at the time of each phone call. In this case, we needed to be able to integrate quickly the most important data for COVID monitoring despite the lack of interoperability between our different digitized systems. Since our administrative data is fully digitized, we were able to link patients throughout the Both databases are implemented with WINDEV ® , because it allowed us to automatically integrate data from our hospital framework (all of our hospital software rely on Oracle ® database management system). Finally, both COVID databases allow to perform queries using Structured Query Language (SQL) and extract structured data in comma-separated values (CSV) form, which helps us create real-time reports. The electronic health record is an essential tool for COVID-19 management, but even without it, we can still develop alternative solutions that can tremendously help hospitals with limited resources and without state of the-art health IT. cache = ./cache/cord-275801-cjxuvyh9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275801-cjxuvyh9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275034-tq6tbhsn author = Hensel, D. J. title = Changes in Solo and Partnered Sexual Behaviors during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings from a U.S. Probability Survey date = 2020-06-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5059 sentences = 260 flesch = 51 summary = Having elementary aged children at home, past month depressive symptoms and loneliness and enacting more COVID-19 protective behaviors were associated with both reduced partnered bonding behaviors, such as hugging, cuddling, holding hands and kissing, as well as reduced partnered sexual behaviors, such as oral sex, partnered genital touching and vaginal sex. 10 Individuals who are well-educated about COVID-19, 9 including transmission and prevention information, may feel empowered to participate in partnered sex particularly if they perceive that knowledge makes them "low risk." 4 Finally, COVID-19 mitigation measures, such as social distancing and recommended hygiene (e.g., hand washing), could impact how people approach sex. 3, 6, 16 The purpose of the current paper is to characterize the past month self-reported sexual changes in solo and partnered sexual behaviors in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults, and understand how those changes are associated with structural, mental health, and COVID-associated risk perception and knowledge. cache = ./cache/cord-275034-tq6tbhsn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275034-tq6tbhsn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275056-nl4rhvlu author = Turner, Cameron title = The ALPHA Project: An architecture for leveraging public health applications date = 2005-12-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7392 sentences = 427 flesch = 49 summary = The architecture has been used to build eleven surveillance applications for the Public Health Agency of Canada in the areas of disease surveillance, survey, distributed data collection and inventory management. CONCLUSIONS: We have found that a software architecture that addresses requirements on policies, security and flexibility facilitates the development of configurable public health applications. The purpose of the ALPHA Project is to develop a software application architecture based on the philosophy of configuring and reusing common components to produce services that would be used to enable faster development of robust, maintainable public health applications. At the Public Health Agency of Canada, many different surveillance system applications have been developed using different technologies to collect data for specific diseases. For instance, a Disease Access Service uses the Profiler Component to provide the access control functionality specifically for case information on different diseases. cache = ./cache/cord-275056-nl4rhvlu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275056-nl4rhvlu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276428-oy8e2cpx author = Krishnan, Lakshmi title = Historical Insights on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), the 1918 Influenza Pandemic, and Racial Disparities: Illuminating a Path Forward date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5436 sentences = 303 flesch = 44 summary = This commentary examines the historical arc of the 1918 influenza pandemic, focusing on black Americans and showing the complex and sometimes surprising ways it operated, triggering particular responses both within a minority community and in wider racial, sociopolitical, and public health structures. This commentary examines the historical arc of the 1918 influenza pandemic, focusing on black Americans and showing the complex and sometimes surprising ways it operated, triggering particular re-sponses both within a minority community and in wider racial, sociopolitical, and public health structures. We examine the historical arc of the 1918 influenza pandemic, focusing on black Americans and showing the complex, sometimes surprising ways it triggered particular responses both within a minority community and in wider racial, sociopolitical, and public health structures. Although the influenza pandemic does not reveal ready associations between deleterious social, cultural, and economic conditions and poor outcomes (aside from higher case-fatality rate) for black Americans, the gaps in historical documentation may reflect inherent disparities and consequences of limited racial/ethnic data collection. cache = ./cache/cord-276428-oy8e2cpx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276428-oy8e2cpx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276855-j10tvmvd author = Batsukh, Zayat title = One Health in Mongolia date = 2012-10-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5651 sentences = 247 flesch = 33 summary = An intersectoral coordination mechanism established between the veterinary and public health sectors has expanded its function to incorporate more work on food safety, emergency management, and effects of climate change on zoonotic diseases. mechanism established between the veterinary and public health sectors has expanded its function to incorporate more work on food safety, emergency management, and effects of climate change on zoonotic diseases. The Coordination Committee has responsibility for developing joint policy on the prevention and control of priority zoonotic diseases; for approving action plans produced by a technical working group; for making recommendations on risk assessment, early warning and response activities during outbreaks; for reviewing and revising zoonotic diseases standard operational procedures (SOPs) and guidelines to reflect intersectoral collaboration; for providing methodological assistance to improve the capacity of professional institutions at the national and subnational level; for coordinating cooperation among different sectors in carrying out early detection and response functions; and for monitoring and evaluating overall zoonotic disease prevention and control. cache = ./cache/cord-276855-j10tvmvd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276855-j10tvmvd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277246-24u9e4wr author = Thomas, James C. title = Codes of Ethics in Public Health date = 2016-10-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3532 sentences = 184 flesch = 47 summary = A few organizations representing disciplines within public health, such as the Society for Public Health Education (SOPHE) and the American College of Epidemiology (ACE), have written ethical guidelines specific to their professions and consistent with the APHA Code of Ethics. Common ethics challenges have included the distribution of scarce resources for curing or preventing infection, protection of populations without unnecessarily infringing on individual rights, ensuring that health-care workers fulfill their duties when they and their families are at risk, and ensuring that health-care organizations fulfill their obligations to employees who are taking risks. Three professional perspectives were represented in the drafting of the Public Health Code of Ethics: law, philosophy, and public health practice. For example, the 11th principle in the Code states, "Public health institutions should ensure the professional competence of their employees." cache = ./cache/cord-277246-24u9e4wr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277246-24u9e4wr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276445-m5vjo3ym author = Lee, Hyojung title = Recrudescence of Ebola virus disease outbreak in West Africa, 2014–2016 date = 2017-09-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1632 sentences = 88 flesch = 54 summary = For the Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak in West Africa from 2014 to 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended securing 42 days (World Health Organization, 2015) , or twice the observed maximum incubation period, from the time at which the last case was found negative for the virus at second testing. WHO reports and other sources were reviewed in an analysis of all known recrudescence events occurring from 2014 to 2016 (World Health Organization, 2016; Sheri, 2015; Farge and Giahyue, 2015; Dahl et al., 2016; Dakaractu, 2016; Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, 2016) . A total of five cases of recrudescence were identified ( Figure 1 ): three occurred in Liberia and one each in Guinea and Sierra Leone (World Health Organization, 2016; Sheri, 2015; Farge and Giahyue, 2015; Dahl et al., 2016; Dakaractu, 2016; Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, 2016) . cache = ./cache/cord-276445-m5vjo3ym.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276445-m5vjo3ym.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276439-5x59kfb3 author = Kieny, Marie Paule title = Strengthening health systems for universal health coverage and sustainable development date = 2017-07-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2010 sentences = 145 flesch = 50 summary = 2 Goal 3 (to ensure healthy lives and promote wellbeing for all at all ages), with Target 3.8 on universal health coverage (UHC), emphasize the importance of all people and communities having access to quality health services without risking financial hardship. One way UHC contributes to the SDGs is by promoting global public health security and it does so by increasing the resilience of health systems to respond to health threats that spread within as well as across national borders. Fourth, through the development of health systems that create fair, trustworthy and responsive social institutions, health system strengthening directly contributes to SDG 16 (promote inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions for all). The Lancet Commission on Investing in Health reported that around one quarter of economic growth between 2000 and 2011 in low-and middle-income countries resulted from the value added by improvements in the health of the population. cache = ./cache/cord-276439-5x59kfb3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276439-5x59kfb3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-275806-tt7dvhbd author = Liem, Andrian title = The neglected health of international migrant workers in the COVID-19 epidemic date = 2020-04-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 442 sentences = 33 flesch = 49 summary = title: The neglected health of international migrant workers in the COVID-19 epidemic Compared with other international migrants (ie, international students), IMWs encounter more barriers in accessing health services in host countries (eg, inadequate health insurance), particularly migrant domestic workers. For instance, some migrant domestic workers in Hong Kong and Macau have lost their jobs because their employers have left the territory. 5 For instance, WeChat (a Chinese social network platform) is used by IMWs in Hong Kong and Macau for sharing key health messages and official information to the community and providing one another with emotional support. For instance, during the epidemic, IMWs should be provided more accessible health care. Public health campaigns should be available in multiple languages and diffused through various communication channels and networks of IMWs as soon as possible. Occupational health outcomes among international migrant workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis cache = ./cache/cord-275806-tt7dvhbd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-275806-tt7dvhbd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276256-gmlsoo2z author = Avilés-Santa, M. Larissa title = Current State of Diabetes Mellitus Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control in Latin America: Challenges and Innovative Solutions to Improve Health Outcomes Across the Continent date = 2020-10-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9702 sentences = 495 flesch = 43 summary = All these factorscoupled with biological susceptibility, income, education, access health care, cultural influences on nutrition, health, selfimage, and self-care-influence the development of diabetes in LatAm. We conducted a review of the most current publications on the state of prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of diabetes mellitus across LatAm. By laying out a detailed accounting of what is known, we aim to identify population, clinical, and health care needs, and opportunities for future research studies and potential interventions. The number of epidemiological studies published since 2005 indicates greater public health awareness about diabetes mellitus across LatAm. Multiple countries have performed at least one national survey on chronic non-communicable diseases in which self-reported diabetes mellitus and/or elevated glycemia has been included (Table 1) . cache = ./cache/cord-276256-gmlsoo2z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276256-gmlsoo2z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276934-6t91ao8e author = Byrne, Peter title = Placing poverty-inequality at the centre of psychiatry date = 2020-10-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2232 sentences = 108 flesch = 53 summary = We examine epidemiological evidence for the central role of inequalities (principally economic) in driving the onset of mental disorders, physical ill health and premature mortality. Prevention of mental disorders and adverse outcomes such as premature mortality must begin with efforts to mitigate rising poverty-inequality. Then there is a sixth area, fair access to medical care: current national strategies to improve physical health outcomes in people with SMI and treatment of all mental disorders focus on this. But the antecedents of SMI are complex, and our understanding of why people develop psychosis is changing, building on the seminal work of Jim Van Os on the toxic effects of urbanicity 14 with consistent evidence of the cumulative effects of social disadvantage. 15 Outcomes in adults with first-episode psychosis are complex and improving slowly in our professional lifetimes (with adequately resourced early intervention services); even at 5-year follow-up, Mattsson et al 16 showed financial strain and social networks to be strong, independent predictors of outcomes. cache = ./cache/cord-276934-6t91ao8e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276934-6t91ao8e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278459-27lppl6x author = Banjar, Weam M. title = Healthcare worker's mental health dilemma during COVID-19 pandemic: A reflection on the KSA experience date = 2020-07-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1856 sentences = 113 flesch = 50 summary = title: Healthcare worker's mental health dilemma during COVID-19 pandemic: A reflection on the KSA experience 1, 6 The exponential increase in COVID-19 cases in China caused stress and anxiety among healthcare workers (HCWs). Due to direct exposure to infected patients, and the demanding nature of their duties, frontline HCWs are at higher risk of developing mental health problems than those indirectly involved in managing the pandemic, and they may need psychological intervention. 5, 10, 11 Reports of mental health problems caused by COVID-19 among HCWs are increasing. As the epidemic curve escalated, the anxiety and tension grew among frontline HCWs. Healthcare facilities quickly realised that demanding professional duty in a challenging work atmosphere with an increasing workload would undermine the mental health of frontline HCWs, and mandated the establishment of mental health support programs. Healthcare worker's mental health dilemma during COVID-19 pandemic: A reflection on the KSA experience cache = ./cache/cord-278459-27lppl6x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278459-27lppl6x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277446-0e6akcjf author = Liu, Peilong title = China's distinctive engagement in global health date = 2014-08-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6234 sentences = 360 flesch = 54 summary = China's health aid deploys medical teams, constructs facilities, donates drugs and equipment, trains personnel, and supports malaria control mainly in Africa and Asia. Regression analysis of African countries with variables of health aid (medical teams, donated facilities, malaria control) and economic interests (petroleum imports, China's foreign investment, and China's imports and exports) yielded no signifi cant pattern. 29 International eff orts include active participation and leadership in many international forums that foster cooperation in compliance of disease reporting and control, as shown by the initiation of the UN resolution on enhancement of capacity-building in global public health in 2003, and the joint International Pledging Conference on Avian and Human Pandemic Infl uenza with China, the European Commission, and the World Bank held in Beijing in 2006. cache = ./cache/cord-277446-0e6akcjf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277446-0e6akcjf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278533-3gpkb8nm author = Appireddy, Ramana title = Tackling the Burden of Neurological Diseases in Canada with Virtual Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2483 sentences = 146 flesch = 43 summary = 3 Virtual health care solutions are one way we can offer transformative changes to the practice of neurological ambulatory care in Canada, in order to meet some of the unmet needs of this challenging patient population. 11 Physicians were able to assess patients more quickly via eVisit than via an in-person encounter, thus increasing the timely availability of health care. 14 Provided through the Ontario Telemedicine Network, eVisits were used exclusively for follow-up of clinical activities like the review of investigations, symptom management, therapeutic decisions, medication titration, other specialist consultations, patient counselling, and education. The high uptake in these clinics is due to multiple factors including the nature of the disease, patient barriers to accessing outpatient care (lack of driving privileges, physical disability, etc.), as well as the limited requirement for detailed hands-on neurological examination during follow-ups for epilepsy and sleep. cache = ./cache/cord-278533-3gpkb8nm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278533-3gpkb8nm.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-031907-ilhr3iu5 author = nan title = ISEV2020 Abstract Book date = 2020-07-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 200999 sentences = 11528 flesch = 44 summary = L.M., and the National Institutes of Health (R35GM119623) to T.R.G. The addition of a size exclusion chromatography step to various urinary extracellular vesicle concentrating methods reveals differences in the small RNA profile Introduction: Urinary extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their RNA cargo are a novel source of biomarkers for various diseases, however non-vesicular RNA (e.g. associated with proteins) is also present within urine. We then evaluated efficiency of heart targeting for eAAV9 or eAAV6 and standard AAV9 or AAV6 encoding for EGFP, mCherry or firefly luciferase in different human cell lines in vitro, in black mouse and in passive immunity nude mouse model in vivo using flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, Langendorff perfusion system and Methods: HLHS patients (n = 3) after Glenn procedure and swine (n = 3) after PAB were given RV injections of allogeneic/xenogeneic MSCs. Donor-specific, HLA-I+, exosomes were isolated from plasma. cache = ./cache/cord-031907-ilhr3iu5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-031907-ilhr3iu5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278423-tluo3ztc author = Strozza, Cosmo title = Health profiles and socioeconomic characteristics of nonagenarians residing in Mugello, a rural area in Tuscany (Italy) date = 2020-08-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5753 sentences = 292 flesch = 51 summary = METHODS: Latent Class Analysis with covariates was applied to the Mugello Study data to identify health profiles among the 504 nonagenarians residing in the Mugello district (Tuscany, Italy) and to evaluate the association between socioeconomic characteristics and the health profiles resulting from the analysis. RESULTS: This study highlights four groups labeled according to the posterior probability of determining a certain health characteristic: "healthy", "physically healthy with cognitive impairment", "unhealthy", and "severely unhealthy". To capture the heterogeneity of health status and evaluate the social disparities among individuals, researchers suggest the use of latent class analysis (LCA) as a person-centered approach [11] [12] [13] . To capture the heterogeneity of the health status among the oldest-old individuals, we supposed that Mugello's nonagenarians could belong to unobserved or latent classes according to their health characteristics. cache = ./cache/cord-278423-tluo3ztc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278423-tluo3ztc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279540-dmb416ls author = Edge, Chantal title = COVID-19: digital equivalence of health care in English prisons date = 2020-07-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1471 sentences = 75 flesch = 43 summary = UK National Health Service (NHS) bodies within English community settings had reacted quickly to the pandemic by adopting digital innovations, including the widespread use of video consultations. Widespread prison telemedicine implementation efforts previously struggled to find traction in England, 5 yet were suddenly perceived as one of the most important tools to maintain health-care service continuity throughout the pandemic (appendix). Access to health care and permissions for the introduction of digital technologies must be oper ationalised within the constraints and security policies of Her Majesty's Prison and Probation Service (HMPPS). HMPPS must investigate and approve any digital solution that is to be implemented within prisons to assure security, including health-care technologies. The prison health system was pushed to consider rapid implementation of digital technology to support the pandemic response and maintain essential healthcare services for their vulnerable population. cache = ./cache/cord-279540-dmb416ls.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279540-dmb416ls.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279207-azh21npc author = Sharma, Manoj Kumar title = Mental Health Issues Mediate Social Media Use in Rumors: Implication for Media Based Mental Health Literacy date = 2020-05-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1287 sentences = 59 flesch = 45 summary = In addition, it needs to be more sensitive and responsible in reporting about public health problems like the SARS-CoV-2, and suicide where the focus is on offering information which is helpful for prevention, details the steps to take in times of the health emergency, offers expert opinions from mental health professionals, helpline numbers for support and emergency services in hospitals. The development of such guidelines are crucial as the pattern of epidemics and pandemics changes over time, but the cycle of rumors or fake news or inaccurate media reports continues to revolve around media formats and especially in social media likely due to stress, anxiety and other psychological factors of individuals which requires to be studied in greater detail. Assessing the quality of media reporting of suicide news in India against World Health Organization guidelines: a content analysis study of nine major newspapers in Tamil Nadu cache = ./cache/cord-279207-azh21npc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279207-azh21npc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278672-pxzsntfg author = Milenkovic, Aleksandar title = Extensions and Adaptations of Existing Medical Information System in Order to Reduce Social Contacts During COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-06-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4609 sentences = 237 flesch = 45 summary = During outbreaks, especially those with a pandemic character, the following key activities [1] which are updated with COVID-19 strategy [2] have been identified whose strict implementation has an impact on the reduction of number of infected people and suppression of the spread of epidemic: 6 . This paper presents the adaptation and extension of existing medical information system (MIS) as an efficient response to the rapid COVID-19 epidemic spread, mostly through influencing the reduction of social contacts and earliest possible identification of potentially infected persons. According to the research findings the integration of patient self-triage tools into electronic health record (EHR) systems has a great potential in improving the triage efficiency and preventing unnecessary visits during the COVID-19 pandemic. The developed subsystem for the use of existing data from MIS MEDIS.NET in the education of students at the Faculty of Medicine and newly employed workers, as well as for medical research [47] , enables tracking and studying the COVID-19 disease at this stage. cache = ./cache/cord-278672-pxzsntfg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278672-pxzsntfg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279356-s3iigb0j author = Leones, Louis Mervyn B title = Caring for the carers: safeguarding oncologists’ mental health in the time of COVID-19 date = 2020-06-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1493 sentences = 91 flesch = 44 summary = Taking care of patients with chronic, terminal diseases presents unique challenges to the mental health of medical oncologists. Delegated to be a national COVID-19 referral centre, the University of the Philippines—Philippine General Hospital faced many challenges, including the increased workload in a perilous and anxiety-inducing national crisis which placed the entire healthcare team in an unprecedented situation. To adapt to these challenges, the Division of Medical Oncology employed the following measures to safeguard the mental health of its faculty and fellows: 1) use of psychological support materials; 2) initiation of a psychological intervention programme and 3) establishment of peer support programmes. To adapt to the situation, the Division of Medical Oncology employed the following measures to safeguard the mental health of its faculty and trainees: Participants reported that the seriousness of the disease and the current situation coupled with the responsibility of taking care of cancer patients contributed to the anxiety felt, especially when on duty at the COVID-19 areas. cache = ./cache/cord-279356-s3iigb0j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279356-s3iigb0j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278589-ios3cuxc author = Golinelli, D. title = How the COVID-19 pandemic is favoring the adoption of digital technologies in healthcare: a rapid literature review date = 2020-05-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5040 sentences = 253 flesch = 47 summary = We conducted a rapid literature review searching PubMed and MedrXiv with terms considered adequate to find relevant literature on the use of digital technologies in response to COVID-19. Digital technologies are useful also for prevention and surveillance measures, for example through contact-tracing apps or monitoring of internet searches and social media usage. We conducted a rapid review of the scientific literature to include quantitative and qualitative studies using diverse designs to describe which digital solutions have been reported to respond and fight the COVID-19 pandemic. Our literature review suggests that digital technologies can be useful for COVID-19 diagnosis as well as for implementing prevention and surveillance measures. [19] , Authors deploy a Coronavirus Symptom Checker that is a digital patient-facing selftriage and self-scheduling tool in a large academic health system to address the COVID-19 pandemic. In this rapid literature review we describe numerous digital solutions and technologies addressing several healthcare needs, with particular regard to diagnosis, prevention and surveillance. cache = ./cache/cord-278589-ios3cuxc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278589-ios3cuxc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279180-xad53zht author = Kumaravel, Santhosh Kumar title = Investigation on the impacts of COVID-19 quarantine on society and environment: Preventive measures and supportive technologies date = 2020-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 11396 sentences = 653 flesch = 54 summary = The COVID-19 is a respiratory disease that spreads at a maximum rate through droplets of the infected people through the air (World Health Organisation 2020a). • In addition, the incorporation of lockdown with other treatment and prevention measures such as school closures, travel restrictions, and social distancing has had a greater impact on spread prevention, cases requiring critical care beds, and deaths compared with quarantine alone. Machine learning has the potential to support clinicians' work processing and management of large amounts of medical data contained in electronic health records and used in clinical applications which includes recognizing high-risk patients in need of ICU, the identification of early signs of lung cancer, determination of patient's respiratory status from X-rays in the chest, such deep learning approaches employ neural networks to predict the input-output data relationship. cache = ./cache/cord-279180-xad53zht.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279180-xad53zht.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279329-4io0g62p author = Wang, Yun-Ping title = The year 2020, a milestone in breaking the vicious cycle of poverty and illness in China date = 2020-01-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4398 sentences = 171 flesch = 43 summary = Efforts to reduce poverty in association with poor health due to major communicable afflictions such as HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, hepatitis and neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), as well as maternal mortality, preventable deaths of newborns and children less than 5 years old [2] , were already part of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which have now been supplanted by the SDGs. Indeed, poverty is the greatest adversary in relation to health in the developing countries and current evidence illustrates that good health is not only an outcome, but an essential component of poverty reduction [7] . The programme, identified as a priority in the overall framework to roll back poverty, has a five-area focus: (i) improving access to essential health services covered by health insurance and financial assistance schemes; (ii) strengthening health infrastructure and service delivery capacities in poor and rural regions; (iii) providing educational and training opportunities including attractive recruitment and retaining policies for the health workforce; (iv) promoting infectious and endemic disease elimination; and (v) supporting maternal and child health and nutrition in poor regions. cache = ./cache/cord-279329-4io0g62p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279329-4io0g62p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279640-n391v32y author = Atreja, Ashish title = Opportunities and challenges in utilizing electronic health records for infection surveillance, prevention, and control date = 2008-03-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5034 sentences = 233 flesch = 35 summary = The increased adoption of EHRs and related Health IT provide a unique opportunity for ICPs and infection diseases specialists to automate manual processes and address the growing challenge of HAI and guidelines for public reporting. 7 Order management, clinical decision support, patient support, and population health functions have the potential for a more direct impact on infectious disease management, surveillance, prevention, and control but are not generally essential components of all present day EHRs. Order management includes functions such as computerized physician order entry (CPOE), which allows electronic entry of laboratory, medications, and radiology orders instead of orders being recorded on paper sheets or prescription pads. Although the benefits of health information, result management, electronic connectivity, and administrative support activities in terms of 24/7 chart access and better availability of the data are apparent and well understood, CPOE and CDS when customized and utilized appropriately can also have a direct and significant impact on patient care. cache = ./cache/cord-279640-n391v32y.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279640-n391v32y.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279991-w2aoogjj author = Labrague, Leodoro J. title = Fear of Covid‐19, psychological distress, work satisfaction and turnover intention among frontline nurses date = 2020-09-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4685 sentences = 242 flesch = 48 summary = As unmanaged anxiety or fear related to COVID-19 may potentially lead to long-term effects on nurses' work performance and job satisfaction, leading to frequent absenteeism and eventual turnover (Lee et al., 2020; , it is critically important to examine whether frontline nurses' fear of COVID-19 contributes to psychological distress, work satisfaction and intent to leave their organisation and the profession. After adjusting for nurse/unit/hospital characteristics, an increased level of fear of COVID-19 was associated with decreased job satisfaction (β = -0.165; p = 0.01), increased psychological distress (β = 0.464; p = 0.001) and increased organisational (β = 0.298; p = 0.001) and professional (β = 0.219; p = 0.001) turnover intentions. This study investigated the influence of fear of COVID-19 on frontline nurses' job satisfaction, psychological distress, organisational turnover intention and professional turnover intention. cache = ./cache/cord-279991-w2aoogjj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279991-w2aoogjj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279699-068kdv9y author = Yang, Kwangmo title = Big Technology and Data Privacy date = 2020-07-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1153 sentences = 76 flesch = 52 summary = In the amended Act, pseudonymized information may be processed without the consent of data subjects for statistical purposes, scientific research, and the preservation of records for the public interest, and so forth. This means that it is also a change to meet the protection standards of the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) or the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of the United States. The HIPAA by the US government achieves the deidentification of protected health information through the expert determination method and safe harbor method [5] . According to the amended PIPA, pseudonymized information may be processed without the consent of the data subjects for statistical purposes, scientific research, and the preservation of records for the public interest. Guidance Regarding Methods for De-identification of Protected Health Information in Accordance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Privacy Rule cache = ./cache/cord-279699-068kdv9y.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279699-068kdv9y.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280663-p48teh4a author = Simms, A title = The impact of having inadequate safety equipment on mental health date = 2020-05-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1175 sentences = 73 flesch = 53 summary = AIMS: To assess the impact of inadequate safety equipment on the mental health of service personnel deployed on operations in order to better understand the impact on those working under the similarly demanding conditions of the COVID-19 medical response. Analysis found significantly greater odds of reporting symptoms of common mental health disorders (CMD), 2.49 (2.03–3.06), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 2.99 (2.11–4.24), poorer global health 2.09 (1.62–2.70) and emotional problems 1.69 (1.38–2.06) when individuals reported working with inadequate equipment. This study found significant associations between the perception of having inadequate equipment and poorer mental health in personnel operating in an arduous environment, a situation similar to the current COVID-19 response given the tangible threat, persistent pressure and uncomfortable working conditions. • Work-related stress is associated with presenteeism, poorer mental health and increased staff turnover. • The perception of having inadequate equipment has a significant association with poorer mental health within personnel working in demanding environments. cache = ./cache/cord-280663-p48teh4a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280663-p48teh4a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281437-cb3u1s7s author = Bedford, Juliet title = A new twenty-first century science for effective epidemic response date = 2019-11-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6857 sentences = 283 flesch = 42 summary = The science of epidemiology has described patterns of disease in human populations, investigated the causes of those diseases, evaluated attempts to control them 7 and has been the foundation for public health responses to epidemic infections for over 100 years. The vulnerability of populations to outbreaks of zoonotic diseases such as Ebola, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and Nipah has increased, the rise and spread of drug-resistant infections, marked shifts in the ecology of known vectors (for example, the expanding range of Aedes mosquitoes) and massive amplification of transmission through globally connected, high-density urban areas (particularly relevant to Ebola, dengue, influenza and severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus SARS-CoV). Preparing for epidemics, therefore, requires global health, economic and political systems to be integrated just as much as infectious disease epidemiology, translational research and development, and community engagement. cache = ./cache/cord-281437-cb3u1s7s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281437-cb3u1s7s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281534-dvdx7ggv author = Briggs, Andrew M. title = Global health policy in the 21st century: Challenges and opportunities to arrest the global disability burden from musculoskeletal health conditions date = 2020-07-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10853 sentences = 483 flesch = 42 summary = With this background, what are the challenges and opportunities available to influence global health policy to support high-value care for musculoskeletal health conditions and persistent pain? Further, it is important, where feasible, to work towards achieving a This paper highlights why we need to address health policy to ensure that all health systems are fit for the purpose of providing high-value care for MSK conditions and it covers health promotion, prevention, management, rehabilitation and palliation. Examples of other relevant global initiatives supporting system reform for NCDs and ageing include the WHO Integrated Care for Older People (ICOPE) approach as a component of the Global Strategy and Action Plan on Ageing and Health [79] , the WHO Rehabilitation 2030 agenda [80] and WHO Best Buys' for NCD prevention and control [81] . cache = ./cache/cord-281534-dvdx7ggv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281534-dvdx7ggv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281571-vob1bu9c author = Tam, Theresa W.S title = The Canadian Pandemic Influenza Plan: an evolution to the approach for national communicable disease emergencies date = 2004-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1843 sentences = 77 flesch = 34 summary = The general concepts incorporated into the CPIP may be utilised in the contingency planning for a bioterrorism event or other communicable disease emergencies, including: a national, coordinated approach in planning; an emergency management structure to conduct the response; the use of common terminology to facilitate communication and response coordination, and the establishment of specific technical, communications and operational response groups and networks in advance. After the Hong Kong influenza A/H5N1 incident in 1997, the pandemic plan evolved to include a more comprehensive approach, incorporating the following key components: surveillance, vaccine programs, and use of antivirals, health services, emergency services, public health measures and communications. The general concepts incorporated into the CPIP that may be utilised in the contingency planning for other infectious disease emergencies include: a national, coordinated approach to planning; an emergency management structure to coordinate and conduct the response; the need for common terminology (e.g. using the same response phases), and the need to have specific technical, communications and operational response groups and networks formed in advance. cache = ./cache/cord-281571-vob1bu9c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281571-vob1bu9c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281596-iv4al4l0 author = Dow, Alan W. title = Emerging From the COVID Crisis With a Stronger Health Care Workforce date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2202 sentences = 114 flesch = 46 summary = The authors recommend the following: (1) a comprehensive approach to guide health care workforce development, (2) streamlining transitions to the next level of practice, (3) reciprocity among state licensing boards or national licensure, (4) payment reform to support a strengthened health care workforce, and (5) efforts by employers to ensure the ongoing safety and competence of the bolstered workforce. The authors recommend the following: (1) a comprehensive approach to guide health care workforce development, (2) streamlining transitions to the next level of practice, (3) reciprocity among state licensing boards or national licensure, (4) payment reform to support a strengthened health care workforce, and (5) efforts by employers to ensure the ongoing safety and competence of the bolstered workforce. cache = ./cache/cord-281596-iv4al4l0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281596-iv4al4l0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281836-j1r771nq author = Hernando-Amado, Sara title = Antibiotic Resistance: Moving From Individual Health Norms to Social Norms in One Health and Global Health date = 2020-08-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 14097 sentences = 630 flesch = 35 summary = Global Health is based on a broad collaborative and transnational approach to establish "health for all humans." In this case, it focuses AR at a general (global) scale, considering that the selection and global spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARBs) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are a problem that influences the health of human societies with disparate social and economic structures and is linked to many societal and ecological factors (Chokshi et al., 2019) . Although not belonging to the antibiotic resistome, genes frequently associated with resistance to other antimicrobials, such as heavy metals or biocides, as well as the genes of the MGEs backbones, eventually involved in the transmission and selection of ARGs among microbial populations, the mobilome at large, are also relevant to track the emergence and dissemination of AR among different habitats Martinez et al., 2017; Baquero et al., 2019) . cache = ./cache/cord-281836-j1r771nq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281836-j1r771nq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281961-5mdiwzvc author = de las Heras-Pedrosa, Carlos title = Sentiment Analysis and Emotion Understanding during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain and Its Impact on Digital Ecosystems date = 2020-07-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7479 sentences = 374 flesch = 49 summary = This study examines how social media has affected risk communication in uncertain contexts and its impact on the emotions and sentiments derived from the semantic analysis in Spanish society during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study has allowed for the Some reasons include political parties' criticism of the government's management, contradictions of the experts, the constant increase of infected and dead, Spain being among the most affected countries, the state of confinement suffered by society not always in the best conditions, the anxiety of not having financial resources, the population's insecurity in the face of a public health crisis with global effects that are caused by millions of infected people and hundreds of thousands of deaths in the world. cache = ./cache/cord-281961-5mdiwzvc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281961-5mdiwzvc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281957-1p54k8it author = Kaplan, Bruce title = 'ONE HEALTH' and parasitology date = 2009-08-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1312 sentences = 67 flesch = 34 summary = One Health is a concept that proposes that a paradigm shift in approaching diseases of humans and animals is essential to meet the challenges of the 21 st century. One Health began in the late 19 th and 20 th centuries with physician leaders in medicine like Rudolf Virchow, known as the "Father of comparative medicine, cellular pathology, and veterinary pathology" and William Osler, called the "Father of Modern Medicine." They embraced the concept that human and animal health were inextricably linked. Schwabe at the University of California coined the term "One Medicine" (now commonly referred to as "One Health") which was aimed at unifying human medical and veterinary medical disciplines against zoonotic diseases occurring in the public health arena. Parasitologists, of all the health professional scientists, are generally most familiar with the long list of parasitic zoonoses that affect humans via animals as well as specific details pertaining to each. One Health Initiative will unite human and veterinary medicine cache = ./cache/cord-281957-1p54k8it.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281957-1p54k8it.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282234-yzozbf7p author = Edelstein, Burton L. title = Disruptive innovations in dentistry date = 2020-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2044 sentences = 107 flesch = 49 summary = The American Medical Association's Education Consortium puts it plainly in a book introducing health systems science: "Over the last decade it has become clearer that trainees require knowledge, attitudes, and skills beyond the scope of, and in addition to, the basic and clinical sciences if they are to be prepared for practice in our current and future health care system." 3 Roiling the profession are disruptions in technology, communications, workforce, payment, and management, all driven by creative innovators sponsored by venture capital, nonprofits, and governments alike. Many changes underway in dentistry today are potentially more disruptive to traditional care models than in the past because they reflect the larger US health care environment and because they enter dentistry through the low-end of the market. cache = ./cache/cord-282234-yzozbf7p.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282234-yzozbf7p.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282147-oq30pax6 author = Morris, Chad D. title = Nicotine and Opioids: a Call for Co-treatment as the Standard of Care date = 2020-06-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6610 sentences = 390 flesch = 44 summary = There are a number of oft cited barriers to addressing smoking in treatment settings including concerns that 1 agency census levels and completion rates will drop, 2 tobacco users will be less likely to seek addiction treatment, 3 patients are neither interested in tobacco cessation nor able to successfully quit tobacco, 4 patients will relapse to alcohol or drug use if they attempted to quit tobacco, 5 tobacco-free policies will be difficult to enforce, 6 clinicians lack the skills to effectively treat tobacco dependence, and 7 clinicians have too many competing demands preventing attention to smoking cessation. Additionally, regardless of the screening and brief intervention model employed, establishing a SUD patient registry, which includes both opioids and nicotine use, within a practice-based research and/or health care network allows for better data aggregation, patient identification, and stratification to appropriate treatment levels. cache = ./cache/cord-282147-oq30pax6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282147-oq30pax6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282724-zzkqb0u2 author = Moore, Jason H. title = Ideas for how informaticians can get involved with COVID-19 research date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7588 sentences = 315 flesch = 33 summary = Some key considerations and targets of research include: (1) feature engineering, transforming raw data into features (i.e. variables) that ML can better utilize to represent the problem/target outcome, (2) feature selection, applying expert domain knowledge, statistical methods, and/or ML methods to remove 'irrelevant' features from consideration and improve downstream modeling, (3) data harmonization, allowing for the integration of data collected at different sites/institutions, (4) handling different outcomes and related challenges, e.g. binary classification, multi-class, quantitative phenotypes, class imbalance, temporal data, multi-labeled data, censored data, and the use of appropriate evaluation metrics, (5) ML algorithm selection for a given problem can be a challenge in itself, thus strategies to integrate the predictions of multiple machine learners as an ensemble are likely to be important, (6) ML modeling pipeline assembly, including critical considerations such as hyper-parameter optimization, accounting for overfitting, and clinical interpretability of trained models, and (7) considering and accounting for covariates as well as sources of bias in data collection, study design, and application of ML tools in order to avoid drawing conclusions based on spurious correlations. cache = ./cache/cord-282724-zzkqb0u2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282724-zzkqb0u2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282824-t0i7tf5d author = Musto, Richard title = Health services restructuring in Alberta and the 2009 pandemic influenza—An untimely concurrence date = 2020-03-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2862 sentences = 117 flesch = 41 summary = In this retrospective, the authors reflect on challenges and opportunities presented during the AHS PI response related to the coordination of public health, laboratory services, emergency and disaster management, communications, and health services delivery. 4 In this retrospective, the authors draw from these and their own personal recollections and reflect on challenges experienced and opportunities presented during the AHS PI response related particularly to the coordination of public health, emergency and disaster management, communications, and health services delivery. In the absence of an AHS Incident Management System (IMS), an ad hoc AHS Emergency Operations Centre (EOC) was established and co-located with the AHW EOC, to facilitate sharing of information, planning, decision-making, and communication required to support a coordinated, provincial Wave I response. The AHS command and control structure included an Executive Policy Group, AHS provincial Emergency Coordination Centre, five Zone EOCs, and numerous site and service command posts, that provided strong and consistent support to operations and the frontline staff and enabled a more effective, timely and provincially collaborative management of Wave II. cache = ./cache/cord-282824-t0i7tf5d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282824-t0i7tf5d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283177-qwinggg4 author = Viswanathan, Ramaswamy title = Support Groups and Individual Mental Health Care via Video Conferencing for Frontline Clinicians during the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-06-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2890 sentences = 160 flesch = 56 summary = title: Support Groups and Individual Mental Health Care via Video Conferencing for Frontline Clinicians during the COVID-19 Pandemic METHODS: We developed recurring peer support groups via videoconferencing and telephone for physicians, resident physicians, and nursing staff, focusing on issues and emotions related to their frontline clinical work with COVID patients in our medical center which was designated as a COVID-only hospital by the state. CONCLUSIONS: Our experience suggests that this method of offering telehealth peer support groups and individual counseling is a useful model for other centers to adapt, to emotionally support frontline clinical workers in this ongoing worldwide crisis. From late March 2020, our department of psychiatry began offering support group and individual video-conference sessions to help our frontline attending physicians, resident physicians, nurses and other healthcare professionals, and students. We estimate that about 40 attending physicians, 40 residents, and 50 nurses, all frontline healthcare professionals, have participated in the group sessions, and 57 people have used the individual sessions. cache = ./cache/cord-283177-qwinggg4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283177-qwinggg4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283259-cmim32lx author = Thombs, Brett D. title = Curating evidence on mental health during COVID-19: A living systematic review date = 2020-04-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2052 sentences = 86 flesch = 43 summary = A February 2020 review [2] identified 24 studies from previous infectious disease outbreaks on psychological outcomes among people quarantined after being exposed to others who had been infected, including studies from severe acute respiratory syndrome in mainland There are important limitations, however, that reduce our ability to easily apply that evidence to decision-making in COVID-19; among them, (1) few studies used validated mental health outcome measures; To this end, in partnership with the Journal of Psychosomatic Research, we are launching a living systematic review [7] to evaluate (1) levels of mental health symptoms, prioritizing studies that assess changes in symptoms from pre-COVID-19 or compare concurrent samples between participants with different experiences with COVID-19 (e.g., those infected versus healthy comparison sample); (2) factors associated with levels or changes in symptoms during COVID-19, and (3) the effect of interventions on mental health symptoms during COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-283259-cmim32lx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283259-cmim32lx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283116-ib5c3lbi author = Koh, David title = Occupational health responses to COVID‐19: What lessons can we learn from SARS? date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3389 sentences = 204 flesch = 58 summary = Among the insights gained from the past outbreaks were: outbreaks caused by viruses are hazardous to healthcare workers; the impact of the disease extends beyond the infection; general principles of prevention and control are effective in containing the disease; the disease poses both a public health as well as an occupational health threat; and emerging infectious diseases pose a continuing threat to the world. Among the insights gained from the past outbreaks were: outbreaks caused by viruses are hazardous to healthcare workers; the impact of the disease extends beyond the infection; general principles of prevention and control are effective in containing the disease; the disease poses both a public health as well as an occupational health threat; and emerging infectious diseases pose a continuing threat to the world. coronavirus, COVID-19, health care, occupational health, outbreaks, public health, SARS-CoV-2 confirmed cases and over 62 000 deaths spread over 200 countries and territories. cache = ./cache/cord-283116-ib5c3lbi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283116-ib5c3lbi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282966-ew8lwmsn author = Haddow, George D. title = Communicating During a Public Health Crisis date = 2014-07-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5433 sentences = 364 flesch = 56 summary = This chapter incorporates the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) best advice for communicating during a public health crisis, including infectious disease outbreaks, bioterrorism, chemical emergencies, natural disasters, nuclear accidents and radiation releases and explosions. From the CDC down to local departments of health, public health, and safety officials are using social media to push out vital and useful information to the public and to monitor and respond to public comments. Engaging with and using emerging social media may well place the emergency-management community, including medical and public health professionals, in a better position to respond to disasters" (Merchant et al., 2011) . DHS is testing whether scanning social media sites to collect and analyze health-related data could help identify infectious disease outbreaks, bioterrorism or other public health and national security risks. The purpose of an official response to a public health crisis is to efficiently and effectively reduce and prevent illness, injury, and death, and return individuals and communities to normal as quickly as possible. cache = ./cache/cord-282966-ew8lwmsn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282966-ew8lwmsn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283287-073r80s7 author = Farhoudian, Ali title = COVID-19 and Substance Use Disorders: Recommendations to a Comprehensive Healthcare Response. An International Society of Addiction Medicine Practice and Policy Interest Group Position Paper date = 2020-04-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8134 sentences = 434 flesch = 44 summary = People Who Use Drugs (PWUD) are a marginalized and stigmatized group with weaker immunity responses, vulnerability to stress, poor health conditions, high-risk behaviors, and lower access to health care services. In this paper, an international group of experts on addiction medicine, infectious diseases, and disaster psychiatry explore the possible raised concerns in this issue and provide recommendations to manage the comorbidity of COVID-19 and Substance Use Disorder (SUD). Therefore, a group of international experts on addiction medicine, infectious diseases, and disaster management teamed up to explore the comorbidity of COVID-19 infection with substance use disorder and identify the necessary recommendations for health service providers and policymakers in this situation. Health authorities should develop and apply specific strategies for PWUD for early COVID-19 identification and patient isolation, interrupting transmission, providing appropriate care, attending medical issues, and minimizing negative social impact. cache = ./cache/cord-283287-073r80s7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283287-073r80s7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283398-wplz8o2k author = Sanders, Chris title = “You Need ID to Get ID”: A Scoping Review of Personal Identification as a Barrier to and Facilitator of the Social Determinants of Health in North America date = 2020-06-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7709 sentences = 352 flesch = 47 summary = Through this scoping review, we seek to enter into this conversation regarding barriers to obtaining PID by highlighting the ways in which the problems posed by a lack of PID are particularly pronounced for people living in rural, northern, and remote access communities-people whom we already know experience poorer health outcomes than residents in metropolitan and suburban areas, and whom to date have been largely ignored in the scholarship [8] . In Canada, for instance, Indigenous people make up a significant proportion of the population in the rural and provincial north, and further clarity is needed on the unique PID problems facing this population, such as birth registration and the acquisition of birth certificates, as well as the difficulties of obtaining PID in areas with extremely limited access to state social and health services [6] . cache = ./cache/cord-283398-wplz8o2k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283398-wplz8o2k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283392-hend9ale author = Klaus, Joachim title = Disinfection of aircraft: Appropriate disinfectants and standard operating procedures for highly infectious diseases date = 2016-10-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2345 sentences = 114 flesch = 42 summary = Although, basic advice on hygiene and sanitation on board an aircraft is given by the World Health Organization, these guidelines lack details on available and effective substances as well as standardized operating procedures (SOP). Although, basic advice on hygiene and sanitation on board an aircraft is given by the World Health Organization, these guidelines lack details on available and effective substances as well as standardized operating procedures (SOP). The purpose of this paper is to give guidance on the choice of substances that were tested by a laboratory of Lufthansa Technik and found compatible with aircraft components, as well as to describe procedures which ensure a safe and efficient disinfection of civil aircrafts. The purpose of this paper is to give guidance on the choice of substances that were tested by a laboratory of Lufthansa Technik and found compatible with aircraft components, as well as to describe procedures which ensure a safe and efficient disinfection of civil aircrafts. cache = ./cache/cord-283392-hend9ale.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283392-hend9ale.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283824-c7y9zf7o author = Opitz, Sven title = Regulating epidemic space: the nomos of global circulation date = 2015-02-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8618 sentences = 492 flesch = 46 summary = The first concerns the referent object of governmental practice: the regulatory effort to secure global public health does not focus on human life so much as it does on post-human materialities of global traffic. Most importantly, the key passages of the IHR read like a clear-cut manifestation of the liberal government of circulation: 'The purpose and scope of these Regulations are to prevent, protect against, control and provide a public health response to the international spread of disease in ways that are commensurate with and restricted to public health risks, and which avoid unnecessary interference with international traffic and trade.' (IHR, Article 2) The mobility of disease and the mobility of goods and people are conjoined in this problem space. These bodies of transmission belong to a governmental vision that pictures the world as a space of universal traffic and that focuses on routes and material means of global circulation. cache = ./cache/cord-283824-c7y9zf7o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283824-c7y9zf7o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284017-1fz90e3k author = Henríquez, Josefa title = The first months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5723 sentences = 322 flesch = 59 summary = Although the first case diagnosed with COVID-19 was registered at the end of January, the Spanish health authorities did not undertake measures until one month later, moment when a systematic and exponential increase in registered cases and deceases was observed. To tackle with the outbreak and contain the spread, the management of public health policies were centralized within the Ministry of Health and the authorities undertook exceptional measures based on a generalized lockdown by which the majority of the economic activity ceased for several weeks. Until May, the ISCIII released daily information at regional level regarding confirmed cases (through different testing methods), hospitalizations as well as referrals to Intensive Care Units (ICU), deceased and recovered cases. Despite the measures to tackle with COVID-19 have been centralized by the Ministry of Health and implemented homogeneously across the country, we have shown that the pandemic has had a different impact across Spanish provinces. cache = ./cache/cord-284017-1fz90e3k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284017-1fz90e3k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284519-cufyqv7h author = Singu, Sravani title = Impact of Social Determinants of Health on the Emerging COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States date = 2020-07-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7910 sentences = 425 flesch = 55 summary = Studying the social determinants of health (SDOH), and how they impact disadvantaged populations during times of crisis, will help governments to better manage health emergencies so that every individual has equal opportunity to staying healthy. The CDC confirmed that individuals with preexisting diagnoses of asthma, cardiovascular (CVD), hypertension, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and/or are elderly, immunocompromised, or obese have higher risk of severe illness from COVID-19 (4) . For example, education level of an individual can impact his or her occupation, which determines economic stability and income level, which can impact the type of healthcare the individual is eligible for and what neighborhood the individual lives in, which then impacts the social and community context the individual is surrounded by and those factors played important role in current COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, health literacy was played a major role in whether an individual understands a health emergency situation, such as COVID-19 pandemic, and whether he or she will follow recommendations, such as social distancing. cache = ./cache/cord-284519-cufyqv7h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284519-cufyqv7h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283475-28900qlr author = Yu, Wenzhou title = Vaccine-preventable disease control in the People’s Republic of China: 1949–2016 date = 2018-12-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5046 sentences = 203 flesch = 41 summary = Vaccine production was increased and the frequency of campaigns were increased with most provinces conducting at least two or three province-wide campaigns each year; live vaccines in the fall and winter and killed In support of the 1985 United Nations resolution on Universal Childhood Immunization (UCI), ''85-85" coverage goals were included in China's ''7th 5-year Plan for National Social and Economic Development, 1986-1990" setting targets of 85% percent coverage at province-level with BCG, DPT, OPV and measles by 12 months of age by 1988, and 85% coverage at county-level by 1990. In 1989, the National People's Congress passed a law requiring health authorities at all levels implement a system of planned preventive immunizations that included issuing vaccination certificates to all children and establishing registers to monitor vaccination coverage at township levels and above. cache = ./cache/cord-283475-28900qlr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283475-28900qlr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-010092-uftc8inx author = nan title = Abstract of 29th Regional Congress of the ISBT date = 2019-06-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 233304 sentences = 13171 flesch = 54 summary = Prospective testing of blood donations in endemic areas of the U.S. revealed 0.38% of donors were positive for Babesia DNA or antibodies (Moritz, NEJM, 2016) Aims: -To report results of ongoing Babesia clinical trial -To explain significance of Babesia as a TT infection Methods: In cobas â Babesia for use on the cobas â 6800/8800 Systems, is a qualitative polymerase chain reaction nucleic acid amplification test, developed to detect in whole blood (WB) donor samples the 4 Babesia species that cause human disease: B. In sensitivity analyses, there were two discrepant results for HIV testing, three for HCV, and five for anti-HBc. Summary/Conclusions: Elecsys â infectious disease parameters on the cobas e 801 analyser demonstrate high specificity/sensitivity for screening first-time blood donor samples, with similar clinical performance to other commercially available assays. cache = ./cache/cord-010092-uftc8inx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-010092-uftc8inx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284125-35ghtmhu author = Chua, Kaw Bing title = Perspectives of public health laboratories in emerging infectious diseases date = 2013-06-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3610 sentences = 161 flesch = 28 summary = 6 Emerging novel viruses are a major public health concern with the potential of causing high health and socioeconomic impacts, as has occurred with progressive pandemic infectious diseases such as human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV), the recent pandemic caused by the novel quadruple re-assortment strain of influenza A virus (H1N1), and more transient events such as the outbreaks of Nipah virus in 1998/1999 and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus in 2003. To minimize the health and socioeconomic impacts of emerging epidemic infectious diseases, major challenges must be overcome in the national and international capacity for early detection, rapid and accurate etiological identification (especially those caused by novel pathogens), rapid response and effective control (Figure 1 ). However, to develop and establish such an effective national public health capacity, especially the laboratory component to support infectious disease surveillance, outbreak investigation and early response, a good understanding of the concepts of emerging infectious diseases and an integrated country and regional public health laboratory system in accordance with the nature and type of emerging pathogens, especially novel ones, are highly recommended. cache = ./cache/cord-284125-35ghtmhu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284125-35ghtmhu.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284298-tcied4l5 author = Ojeahere, Margaret Isioma title = Management of psychiatric conditions and delirium during the COVID-19 pandemic across continents: The lessons thus far date = 2020-09-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6816 sentences = 351 flesch = 40 summary = In the present study, twenty one early career psychiatrists (9 females and 12 males) from thirteen countries, comprising at least one from five of the seven continents (Africa, Asia, Europe, North J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f America and South America) were approached without coercion by the lead (MIO) and co-lead (RdF) authors via WhatsApp and emails to share insights and experiences about the challenges and good practices faced in the management of delirium and other psychiatric conditions manifesting in patients with COVID-19 and during the COVID-19 era. Finally, the mental health sector should use the lessons from this pandemic to develop protocols and guidelines for the management of psychiatric conditions in periods of infectious disease outbreaks to increase their level of preparedness globally (Table 4) . cache = ./cache/cord-284298-tcied4l5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284298-tcied4l5.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284883-bkydu285 author = Luis Silva, L. title = Brazil Health Care System preparation against COVID-19 date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4500 sentences = 248 flesch = 52 summary = The historic challenges regarding an insufficient number of health professionals, iniquities in the distribution of human resources (10) , low accessibility to emergency care services (11) , and economic issues create additional pressures to be addressed, aiming is to achieve an adequate COVID-19 response. Taking this point into consideration the present work addresses critical aspects regarding the organization of the emergency network system in Brazil, jointly with the spatial expansion of COVID-19 cases within the country, and to highlight where the efforts currently performed in Brazil were capable of coping with the lack of access to emergency care needed to cope COVID-19 consequences. The result suggests that the use of scarce resources needed to put in order ICU beds are not being directed to municipalities lacking access to emergency care services, despite their high levels of COVID-19 incidence. cache = ./cache/cord-284883-bkydu285.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284883-bkydu285.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284636-oio2zsb0 author = Marko, Curkovic title = Stay home while going out – possible impacts of earthquake co-occurring with COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and vice versa date = 2020-04-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1039 sentences = 52 flesch = 43 summary = title: Stay home while going out – possible impacts of earthquake co-occurring with COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and vice versa Mental health here seems of crucial importance, as the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is characterized by psychological reactions arising from feelings of uncertainty alongside limited availability and possibility for "healthy" coping. It has been widely reported that such a setting has deleterious effects on mental health in persons (in)directly in contact with the infectious agent; persons that are vulnerable to biological and psychological stressors; frontline professionals and members of general public (Brooks et al., 2020; Fiorillo and Gorwood, 2020; Li et al., 2020; Montemurro, 2020; . Even though most of the population is not directly affected, possibility of infection and unprecedented levels of media coverage and exposure amplify the effects on mental health, further deepening the feelings of uncertainty and the state of overwhelming stress (Galea, et al., 2020; Usher et al., 2020) . cache = ./cache/cord-284636-oio2zsb0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284636-oio2zsb0.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284895-176djnf5 author = Huynen, Maud MTE title = The health impacts of globalisation: a conceptual framework date = 2005-08-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6085 sentences = 341 flesch = 44 summary = The resulting conceptual model explicitly visualises that globalisation affects the institutional, economic, social-cultural and ecological determinants of population health, and that the globalisation process mainly operates at the contextual level, while influencing health through its more distal and proximal determinants. In order to focus our conceptual framework, we distinguish-with the broader definition of globalisation in mind-the following important features of the globalisation process: (the need for) new global governance structures, global markets, global communication and diffusion of information, global mobility, cross-cultural interaction, and global environmental changes (Table 2 ) (see Huynen et al. Based on Figure 1 and Table 1 , it can be concluded that these features all operate at the contextual level of health determination and influence distal factors such as health(-related) policies, economic development, trade, social interactions, knowledge, and the provision of ecosystem goods and services. cache = ./cache/cord-284895-176djnf5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284895-176djnf5.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288298-y4242rfj author = Waiswa, C. title = Experiences of the one-health approach by the Uganda Trypanosomiasis Control Council and its secretariat in the control of zoonotic sleeping sickness in Uganda date = 2020-09-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6447 sentences = 285 flesch = 46 summary = The study provides unprecedented insights into the stakeholders involved in the application of a One health approach for control of zoonotic sleeping sickness across the most important active human African trypanosomiasis focus in East Africa. The UTCC (multi-stakeholder Institution with veterinary, medical, agriculture, environment, wildlife, lands and political science as key disciplines), vector control division of Ministry of Health (with medical specialist and host of Manager of the Uganda National sleeping sickness control program), leaders in district and sub-counties (technical; veterinary, medical, entomology, social work disciplines and politicians) plus community were purposively selected for engagement. Since the Rapid Impact TIBA Uganda project involved a 'One Health Approach' on studies related to zoonotic sleeping sickness, the district medical and veterinary officers took technical lead in each district. cache = ./cache/cord-288298-y4242rfj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288298-y4242rfj.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290901-bfho5w04 author = Figuié, Muriel title = Global health risks and cosmopolitisation: from emergence to interference date = 2013-03-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6047 sentences = 343 flesch = 48 summary = International health organisations and western nations are exerting growing pressure on other countries to cooperate in managing health risks such as emerging diseases, as demonstrated during the recent episodes of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and avian flu (Scoones 2010). I conducted a comprehensive review of all the grey literature documents on avian flu issued by the Vietnamese ministries of health, and agriculture and rural development, of official documents on Vietnam's strategy for avian flu (known as the 'Red Book' and the 'Green Book') and regulations adopted by the Vietnamese government, as well as expert reports from international and foreign organisations (FAO, WHO, Agrifood Consulting International and Agence Franc¸aise de De'veloppement). The authorities adopted the framing of avian flu as a pandemic threat (that is as a risk of second modernity) and cooperated with the international community to manage a global manufactured uncertainty. cache = ./cache/cord-290901-bfho5w04.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290901-bfho5w04.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285557-my16g91c author = Berger, A. title = Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)—paradigm of an emerging viral infection date = 2004-01-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6381 sentences = 291 flesch = 47 summary = This strengthened the case for the novel coronavirus being the cause of SARS, but only after it had been shown to cause a similar illness in artificially infected macaques could it be regarded as fulfilling all four of Koch's postulates ; World Health Organisation Multicentre Collaborative Networks for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Diagnosis, 2003) . Nevertheless, and despite considerable progress in this field, much remains to be done until laboratory tests become a useful tool for the management of SARS cases (World Health Organization Multicentre Collaborative Network for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Diagnosis, 2003) . An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed that detects antibodies in the serum of SARS patients and reliably yields positive results at around day 21 after the onset of illness (World Health Organization Multicentre Collaborative Network for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Diagnosis, 2003). cache = ./cache/cord-285557-my16g91c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285557-my16g91c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286361-wh6aaqlu author = Calman, K. title = Beyond the ‘nanny state’: Stewardship and public health date = 2009-01-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4350 sentences = 217 flesch = 53 summary = Hence, although Mill's discussion of the harm principle shows that he would strongly oppose public health programmes which simply aim to coerce people to lead healthy lives, he is likely to support programmes which seek to 'advise, instruct and persuade' them so that they can make informed decisions about, for example, what to eat, how to exercise and so on. Building on the harm principle, the Council identified several further issues that are important to public health: individual consent, health inequalities, changing behaviour and community. The Council concluded that vaccination policies that go further than simply providing information and encouragement to take up the vaccine may be justified if they help reduce harm to others, and/or protect children and other vulnerable people. cache = ./cache/cord-286361-wh6aaqlu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286361-wh6aaqlu.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288068-egq3d0i9 author = Brown, Teneille R title = When The Wrong People Are Immune date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4509 sentences = 238 flesch = 53 summary = Recognizing that the potential for liability might cause undue psychological stress on health care providers, this essay argues for statutory immunity that protects them from rationing and other health care decisions that are made in good faith, and that are in compliance with documented state, institutional, or professional pandemic-response guidelines. 50 Even when they work for a state hospital, nurses and physicians are typically not protected under the state's governmental immunity, as they -exercised medical judgment, regardless of whether it related to policy decision.‖ 51 As parties will be looking for someone to hold accountable for the terrible outcomes 58 Other protocols prioritize short-term clinical factors, but then suggest using life-cycle considerations as a tiebreaker, with priority going to younger patients. This article advocates for removing the possibility of a medical malpractice claim for individual physicians and independent health care providers, when they are complying with published state, professional, or institutional COVID-19 policies in good faith. cache = ./cache/cord-288068-egq3d0i9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288068-egq3d0i9.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285532-rknygv7u author = Fraser, Michael R. title = ASTHO at 75: Celebrating the Past and Preparing for the Future date = 2017-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2617 sentences = 92 flesch = 37 summary = Similar workforce development investments have allowed ASTHO to convene executive leaders in state and territorial health agencies, including senior deputies, legislative liaisons, and program leads in the areas of public health preparedness, environmental health, informatics, human resources, finance, and several others. ASTHO received federal dollars through cooperative agreements with the CDC and the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response to convene state and territorial public health officers and preparedness directors, support state efforts to build preparedness and response programs, and assist in national disasters and emergencies as a response partner. While the future is unclear, what is certain is the continued need for ASTHO and the work it carries out in the areas of leadership development, advocacy, and capacity building for state and territorial public health officers and teams and agencies they lead. cache = ./cache/cord-285532-rknygv7u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285532-rknygv7u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-285379-ljg475sj author = Slotwiner, David J. title = Digital Health in Electrophysiology and the COVID-19 Global Pandemic date = 2020-10-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3218 sentences = 132 flesch = 41 summary = The tools of digital health are facilitating a much needed paradigm shift to a more patient-centric health care delivery system, yet our healthcare infrastructure is firmly rooted in a 20 th Century model which was not designed to receive medical data from outside the traditional medical environment. The tools of digital health are facilitating a much needed paradigm shift to a more patient-centric health care delivery system, yet our healthcare infrastructure is firmly rooted in a 20 th Century model which was not designed to receive medical data from outside the traditional medical environment. In this article, we describe the present state of heart rhythm digital health tools highlighting some of the effects of J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f the COVID-19 pandemic and propose ways to develop innovative workflows and technological solutions that will make it possible for practices to efficiently process and manage information. cache = ./cache/cord-285379-ljg475sj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-285379-ljg475sj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289175-n95j94ck author = GOSTIN, LAWRENCE O. title = Responding to COVID‐19: How to Navigate a Public Health Emergency Legally and Ethically date = 2020-03-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3596 sentences = 183 flesch = 50 summary = Scarcity of health resources not only places COVID-19 patients at risk but will also delay care for patients with urgent needs such as for cancer, diabetes, and heart disease-and even affect safe delivery for pregnant women. This concept was encapsulated by the National Academy of Medicine as "crisis standards of care," defined as the "optimal level of care that can be delivered during a catastrophic event, requiring substantial change in usual health care operations." 4 In jurisdictions with declared public health emergencies, 5 crisis standards of care provide a mechanism for reallocating staff, facilities, and supplies to meet population needs. Second, beyond health workers, decisions about who is tested or who receives treatment must center on prevention of SARS-CoV-2 transmission (public health), protection of individuals at highest risk, meeting societal needs, and promoting social justice. Protecting public health may mean prioritizing resources for people in confined settings (such as homeless shelters, prisons, and nursing homes), where the virus can spread rapidly from person to person. cache = ./cache/cord-289175-n95j94ck.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289175-n95j94ck.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287304-h6wj7m8u author = Keil, Roger title = Governing the Sick City: Urban Governance in the Age of Emerging Infectious Disease date = 2007-12-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 11689 sentences = 450 flesch = 45 summary = While there has been much attention in recent years on the significance of global city regions in the new world economy (Brenner and Keil 2006) and while the governance and regulation of these regions has captured the imagination of academics and policymakers alike (Buck et al 2005; Harding 2005; Heinelt and Kübler 2005; Kantor and Savitch 2005; Scott 2001) , little has been said specifically about the growing pressures posed by the potential threat of infectious disease through the global network on urban governance. 2 For the area of urban planning and governance a more or less critical literature has begun to explore the spaces that cities have to maneuver in the rather open field of infectious disease preparedness planning and public health since the onset of the "new normal" after the attacks of 9/11 Malizia 2006; Matthew and Macdonald 2006) . cache = ./cache/cord-287304-h6wj7m8u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287304-h6wj7m8u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284376-plwyjhl8 author = Fu, Xinmiao title = Simulating and forecasting the cumulative confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 in China by Boltzmann function-based regression analyses date = 2020-05-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 14726 sentences = 782 flesch = 49 summary = All specimens tested negative by direct examination for PJ, whereas 27 were positive by real-time PCR (BAL, n = 18; sputa, n = 7, and TA, n = 2); Following stringent clinical, microbiological and imaging criteria ( Table 1 ) , PJP was deemed to be the most probable diagnosis in 12 episodes occurring in unique patients. In contrast, corticosteroid use within the month before sampling was not different between The probability of Pneumocystis jirovecii (PJ) pneumonia (PJP) for each patient was retrospectively evaluated by an expert committee including infectious diseases and microbiology specialists at both centers, on the basis of (i) documented PJ presence in respiratory specimens by microscopy; (ii) compatibility of clinical signs and symptoms (at least 2 of the following: subtle onset of progressive dyspnea, pyrexia, nonproductive cough, hypoxaemia and chest pain), (iii) compatible (suggestive) radiological findings (chest radiograph and/or high-resolution computed tomographic scan detection of interstitial opacities and/or diffuse infiltration infiltrates); (iv) complete resolution of symptoms after a full course of anti-PJP treatment; (v) absence of alternative diagnosis. cache = ./cache/cord-284376-plwyjhl8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284376-plwyjhl8.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288818-6uvb4qsk author = Tanveer, Faouzia title = Ethics, pandemic and environment; looking at the future of low middle income countries date = 2020-10-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6998 sentences = 322 flesch = 45 summary = From the restrictions on public freedom and burgeoning socio-economic impacts to the rationing of scarce medical resources, the spread of COVID-19 is an extraordinary ethical dilemma for resource constrained nations with less developed health and research systems. International regimes are on high alert to stop its spread, however, as far as the global scenario is concerned, countries and governments are clueless in stopping the expanding pandemic as not much is known about SARS-CoV-2, while left only with implementing nationwide lock downs and curfews which opened new economic fronts and social challenges. COVID-19 has presented itself as a test case for the humanity in terms of global fraternity, decision making, technology and expertise sharing, rapid pandemic response mechanisms, stability, crises management and policy making. cache = ./cache/cord-288818-6uvb4qsk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288818-6uvb4qsk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288922-1lry9wkn author = Aamir, Alifiya title = Effect of COVID-19 on Mental Health Rehabilitation Centers date = 2020-10-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1685 sentences = 79 flesch = 42 summary = In order to ensure that individuals on the road to recovery are not alone and forgotten during the times of coronavirus crisis they should be provided with adequate resources, such as online meetings and group therapy sessions, assessment, treatment and support by telephone and video consultation and getting the medications they need to recover. As social distancing is considered to be the key preventive measure for infection control, mental health rehabilitation day boarding and day care centers, being a non-emergency service have limited new admissions, cancelled programs and have been temporarily closed at some places which in turn is going to significantly deprive people with chronic mental illnesses and intellectual disabilities of these services [7] . In order to ensure that all individuals on the road to recovery and/or admitted to a rehabilitation center are not alone and forgotten during the times of coronavirus crisis they should be provided with adequate resources, such as online meetings and group therapy sessions, assessment, treatment and support by telephone and video consultation and getting the medications they need to recover. cache = ./cache/cord-288922-1lry9wkn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288922-1lry9wkn.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288477-dojdlfrv author = Doerr, Megan title = Research ethics in a pandemic: considerations for the use of research infrastructure and resources for public health activities date = 2020-05-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4556 sentences = 221 flesch = 42 summary = The case of the Seattle Flu Study highlights the general challenges associated with utilizing research infrastructure for public health response, including the legal and ethical considerations for research data use, the return of the results of public health activities relying upon research resources to unwitting research participants, and the possible impacts of public health reporting mandates on future research participation. Through the consent process, SFS had alerted participants that Washington state law requires reporting of infectious diseases, including influenza, 10 but did not discuss the use of SFS's research infrastructure, including data or samples, for other public health activities. In the first few days of March, the University of Washington's ethical review board determined that, given the public health emergency, SFS had an ethical obligation to test all samples for SARS-CoV-2, citing that SFS already had consent from participants to test for another communicable diseases and return those results and, therefore, was already engaged in both research and public health activities. cache = ./cache/cord-288477-dojdlfrv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288477-dojdlfrv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288518-vsesv99h author = Weiss, Barry D. title = Disparities in Adherence to COVID-19 Public Health Recommendations date = 2020-08-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1287 sentences = 67 flesch = 51 summary = Readers could easily make the mistake of concluding that the differences in reported compliance with public health recommendations between the two studies are due to the racial/ethnic differences in the two surveyed populations, one largely White and the other exclusively African American. In reality, however, the different levels of compliance with public health recommendations are far more likely due to differences in education and income levels between the respondents in the two surveys. A recent report from the Pew Research Center (2020) confirms that higher levels of education are associated with higher rates of compliance with public health recommendations among people of all racial/ethnic groups. Based on the above factors, it is reasonable to conclude that the differences in compliance with public health recommendations between the largely White respondents and the exclusive African American respondents were not due to any inherent racial/ethnic characteristics. African American adherence to COVID-19 public health recommendations cache = ./cache/cord-288518-vsesv99h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288518-vsesv99h.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289205-or60zzjs author = Zhou, Liang title = A Bibliometric Profile of Disaster Medicine Research from 2008 to 2017: A Scientometric Analysis date = 2018-05-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4068 sentences = 257 flesch = 51 summary = Terms analysis indicated that emergency medicine, public health, disaster preparedness, natural disasters, medicine, and management were the research hotspots, whereas Hurricane Katrina, mechanical ventilation, occupational medicine, intensive care, and European journals represented the frontiers of disaster medicine research. Overall, our analysis revealed that disaster medicine studies are closely related to other medical fields and provides researchers and policy-makers in this area with new insight into the hotspots and dynamic directions. Therefore, in this study, a scientometric analysis was conducted on disaster medicine to estimate the productivity of specific journals, countries, institutions, authors, and research areas, and to identify research hotspots and trends in this field. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness also had the greatest number of total citations (n = 151), again followed by Academic Emergency Medicine (n = 134) and American Journal of Preventive Medicine (n = 127) ( Table 1 in the online data supplement). cache = ./cache/cord-289205-or60zzjs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289205-or60zzjs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286006-t5gj0k54 author = Nicholas, David B. title = Pediatric epidemic crisis: Lessons for policy and practice development date = 2008-12-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5026 sentences = 283 flesch = 44 summary = Methods Qualitative interviews were conducted with 23 participants representing key stakeholder groups: (a) pediatric patients with probable or suspected SARS, (b) their parents, and (c) health care professionals providing direct care to SARS patients. Semi-structured, qualitative interviews were conducted with 23 participants from key stakeholder groups affected by pediatric SARS as follows: pediatric patients between the ages of 5 and 17 years (n = 5), their parents (n = 10), and frontline pediatric health care providers (n = 8). The majority of health care providers (88%) recognized the importance of their work, yet grappled with concerns related to personal vulnerability and the impact of SARS policies on patients and families. Accordingly findings speak clearly to the need for: systematic and well-orchestrated information flow; communication strategies in responding and disseminating relevant information; means to ease vulnerability among stakeholders; strategies for ensuring effective and responsive leadership; and the development of practice and policy guidelines for treatment and contingency planning for an unknown patient care path. cache = ./cache/cord-286006-t5gj0k54.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286006-t5gj0k54.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290171-hmzwhrpi author = Meade, Cathy D. title = 20 Years Later: Continued Relevance of Cancer, Culture, and Literacy in Cancer Education for Social Justice and Health Equity date = 2020-07-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1770 sentences = 76 flesch = 28 summary = In this editorial, we highlight the continued relevance of culture and health literacy in cancer education, and the promising opportunity that technology may play to advance health equity and social justice. Available literature on healthcare disparities continue to highlight extant issues with cancer prevention, screening and survivorship, clinical trial enrollment, therapy adherence, and treatment modality variations (access and selection) among underserved and racial/ethnic minority populations [10] [11] [12] , suggesting that many inequities stem from the fact that people experience and interpret disease and treatment differently (cultural influences), and many groups have different and unequal access to healthcare services and information (health literacy influences). To keep "CCL" at the forefront of our field, we need to develop guiding research and practice paradigms that integrate culture and literacy, intersectional frameworks, and policy change informed by fresh critical perspectives to bring to light social, historical, economic, and political conditions that give rise to both health and disease. cache = ./cache/cord-290171-hmzwhrpi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290171-hmzwhrpi.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290523-pqah68j8 author = Waite, Roberta title = Effects of COVID-19 on the Mental Health of Black and Brown Racialized Populations in the U.S date = 2020-10-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1038 sentences = 61 flesch = 59 summary = These communities have struggled with limited access to healthcare services and insufficient primary care providers, long standing unemployment, a dearth of businesses in the community, chronic illnesses, and a panoply of health risks and stressors that contribute to the pronounced lifespan gap between white and black Chicago residents (Pratt, 2020) The panel consists of not only the usual business leaders and healthcare experts, but a representative from NAMI and community advocates such as Mr. Anton Seals Jr., whose words are quoted at the beginning of this piece. We hope the work of the panel and these other models will be used as best practice guides to change the economic maps and social injustices that foster these health disparities still, especially for the black and brown racialized populations in this country. The new normal they can create should include better distribution of resources, such as clean water, more primary care providers, telehealth and telecounseling services, to people who need them…wherever they live. cache = ./cache/cord-290523-pqah68j8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290523-pqah68j8.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291528-j4uir8ns author = Heymann, David L title = Social, Behavioural and Environmental Factors and Their Impact on Infectious Disease Outbreaks date = 2005-04-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1848 sentences = 86 flesch = 42 summary = In their article "Meeting the challenge of epidemic infectious diseases outbreaks: an agenda for research", Kai-Lit Phua and Lai Kah Lee clearly demonstrate how social, behavioural and environmental factors, linked to a host of human activities, have accelerated and amplified these natural phenomena. By reviewing published and non-published information about outbreaks of Nipah virus in Malaysia, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and avian influenza in Asia, and the HIV pandemic, they provide a series of examples that demonstrate the various social, behavioural and environmental factors of these recent infectious disease outbreaks. Although intensive research has failed to disclose the origins of Marburg and Ebola hemorrhagic fever outbreaks, microbes causing both diseases are also thought to be transmitted to humans who encounter animal sources somewhere in the transmission cycle (16) . cache = ./cache/cord-291528-j4uir8ns.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291528-j4uir8ns.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294115-7t7kubf6 author = Miralles, Oriol title = Unmet needs, health policies, and actions during the COVID-19 pandemic: a report from six European countries date = 2020-10-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7255 sentences = 343 flesch = 48 summary = The information collected from the six national reports was pulled together and discussed following the key priorities for action outlined in the UN Policy Brief: (1) Right to health and the participation in the decision-making process; (2) Social inclusion and solidarity under conditions of physical distancing; (3) Necessity of adequate, correctly funded care and support services for older adults; and (4) Need to expand participation by older adults, share good practice and harness knowledge and data [4] . In the Frenchspeaking region, the "Plan d'Urgence Hospitalier" was launched on 14th March and focused on ensuring distribution of hospital equipment, including personal protective equipment (PPE), and human resources (e.g., by reduction/ Impact of COVID-19 on health inequity: On 25th May, Belgium had reported 5734 people with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in long-term care facilities (LTCF). cache = ./cache/cord-294115-7t7kubf6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294115-7t7kubf6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291382-vo9bemg1 author = Ryan, Jeffrey R. title = Case Studies date = 2016-03-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7061 sentences = 368 flesch = 55 summary = Specifically, the chapter provides details on the Sverdlovsk anthrax incident (1979); the Rajneeshee Salmonella incident (1984); the Surat, India pneumonic plague outbreak (1994); the Fallen Angel ricin incidents (2003–04); Amerithrax (2001); and the outbreak of Ebola virus in West Africa (2014–15). In addition, each case study presented herein shows how confounding these outbreaks can be to public health officials and how fear, panic, and social disruption may ensue. The reports of a possible anthrax outbreak in Sverdlovsk, linked to an incident at a suspected Soviet biological warfare facility, served to further deepen already worsening US-Soviet relations, which were heading back toward a new Cold War in the wake of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. By the time the first CDC officers began to arrive, the county health department had already confirmed 60 cases of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium from the outbreak. cache = ./cache/cord-291382-vo9bemg1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291382-vo9bemg1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292166-nd3ozu9w author = Furr-Holden, Debra title = Access to Care During a Global Health Crisis date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6024 sentences = 334 flesch = 70 summary = So, by moving all these things to telehealth, I think we have to be cognizant that some patients are not going to be able to access those things, and so in some ways, we are taking away barriers from people getting access to mental health care, but I also think we are also highlighting some increased barriers for some individuals. If telehealth is here to stay, which most people say it is, then coupled with the expansion in digital health care monitoring, such as using the Internet of Things in people's homes to support better monitoring, we can start to see an intensification of the inequities for the communities served by these practices. If you think about it from a policy perspective, I love when you say not just universal health care, but also universal access to the Internet, especially if we are talking about telehealth and telemedicine and some of these other things. cache = ./cache/cord-292166-nd3ozu9w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292166-nd3ozu9w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290768-w8g9s4ro author = Ribeiro, Nadine title = Primary health care policy and vision for community pharmacy and pharmacists in Portugal date = 2020-07-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4410 sentences = 246 flesch = 46 summary = Primary care pharmacists, who as employees of the P-NHS work closely with an interdisciplinary team, have launched a pilot service to manage polypharmacy in people living with multimorbidities, involving potential referral to community pharmacy. The scope of practice of community pharmacies has been shifting to service provision, currently supported by law and in some cases, including the needle and syringe exchange program and generic substitution, remunerated. 25 The plan of activities of ANF for 2020 identifies as key intervention areas for investment: the development of new services that meet the healthneeds of the Portuguese population; perusal of the pilot to dispense HIV medication in community pharmacies and investment in developing methodologies for extending to oncology; supporting pharmacies in the implementation of point of care services for HIV and viral hepatitis; implementation of a service to respond to minor health problems, including physician referral when appropriate; promote remuneration of pharmaceutical intervention; developing clinical pathways integrated into a clinical support system for pharmacies. Primary health care policy and vision for community pharmacy and pharmacists in Portugal Primary health care policy and vision for community pharmacy and pharmacists in Portugal cache = ./cache/cord-290768-w8g9s4ro.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290768-w8g9s4ro.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290930-438td98a author = Lazcano-Ponce, Eduardo title = The Contribution of International Agencies to the Control of Communicable Diseases date = 2005-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4281 sentences = 172 flesch = 35 summary = The principle strategies include: 1) implementation of mechanisms for international epidemiologic surveillance; 2) use of international law to support the control of communicable diseases; 3) international cooperation on health matters; 4) strategies to strengthen primary care services and health systems in general; 5) promotion of the transfer of resources for research and development from the North to the South. The WHO proposal for modernization of the International Health Regulation includes the following: 1) a mission with a stronger focus on control of infectious diseases, 2) emphasis on broader health care coverage and better access to treatment schemes, 3) global surveillance including data from official and non-official sources, 4) strengthening of national public health systems through the establishment of comparable productivity indicators and outcome measurements, 5) giving priority to the protection of human rights, 6) guidelines for good health governance defined as adoption of the principles of impartiality, objectivity and transparency (13). cache = ./cache/cord-290930-438td98a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290930-438td98a.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293903-mvxz7lx7 author = Barraclough, Simon title = Australia's international health relations in 2003 date = 2005-02-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2324 sentences = 97 flesch = 38 summary = In broad terms, these health relations encompass a range of interactions with consequences for health, including: membership of global and regional bodies; the negotiation of international agreements; action to counter particular external threats to health; assistance to developing countries; and international trade and investment in health-related goods and services. In 2003 there were continuing developments in all these areas within a wider foreign affairs context overshadowed by official policy concerns about global and regional security, the deployment of the Australian armed forces in various theatres of service, and renewed fears of the human and economic costs of infectious diseases. These developments have furthered Australian foreign policy concerned with establishing trans-Tasman free trade, commenced some two decades ago with the negotiation of the Closer Economic Relations agreement with New Zealand. In a related development, the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade promoted aged care expertise as an export service through the Australia Japan Conference. cache = ./cache/cord-293903-mvxz7lx7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293903-mvxz7lx7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292559-b21j9sf3 author = Karcher, Nicole R. title = The ABCD study: understanding the development of risk for mental and physical health outcomes date = 2020-06-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10081 sentences = 447 flesch = 36 summary = The initial goal of the ABCD Study was to examine risk and resiliency factors associated with the development of substance use, but the project has expanded far beyond this initial set of questions and will also greatly inform our understanding of the contributions of biospecimens (e.g., pubertal hormones), neural alterations, and environmental factors to the development of both healthy behavior and brain function as well as risk for poor mental and physical outcomes. First, the ABCD Study utilized a school-based national recruitment strategy with limited exclusion criteria, helping to overcome challenges to previous general population studies that generally did not include neuroimaging [10] as well as attempts to understand the risk factors associated with negative outcomes that relied on convenience samples [11] . These studies provide important evidence that the ABCD Study sample can be leveraged to conduct rigorous research practices, including examining the psychometric evidence for using existing (or newly created) measures in a middle childhood sample, supporting the use of these measures to better understand the development of risk. cache = ./cache/cord-292559-b21j9sf3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292559-b21j9sf3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291753-9p5ppawn author = Winhusen, Theresa title = The Opioid-overdose Reduction Continuum of Care Approach (ORCCA): Evidence-based Practices in the HEALing Communities Study date = 2020-10-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9346 sentences = 632 flesch = 48 summary = The CTH intervention seeks to facilitate widespread implementation of three evidence-based practices (EBPs) with the potential to reduce opioid-involved overdose fatalities: overdose education and naloxone distribution (OEND), effective delivery of medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD), and safer opioid analgesic prescribing. In order to promote OEND, effective delivery of MOUD, and safer opioid prescribing the study team developed an approach to EBP implementation with utility for all participating communities, which vary widely in their current EBP implementation, access to resources including needed workforce, and perceived acceptability of various EBPs. This paper describes the framework developed to guide EBP selection and implementation strategies contained in the Opioid-overdose Reduction Continuum of Care Approach. Telemedicine models for buprenorphine treatment already existed (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2018), but guidance from the US Drug Enforcement Agency, SAMHSA, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, and state regulatory agencies changed rapidly ; Opioid Response Network, 2020; Providers Clinical Support System, 2020a; Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2020c) to allow greater flexibility of MOUD treatment via telemedicine during the pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-291753-9p5ppawn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291753-9p5ppawn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292929-s8pnm9wv author = Ashikalli, Louicia title = The indirect impact of COVID-19 on child health date = 2020-09-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4936 sentences = 256 flesch = 52 summary = It explores the physical and psychological effects, discusses the role of parenting and education, offering practical advice about how best to provide support as a health care professional. Whilst initial data does not suggest that children with comorbidities are at particularly increased risk of severe COVID-19 disease (12) (13) (14) , the challenge of maintaining a good continuity of care for existing patients and adequate diagnostic care for children presenting for the first time remains. At the start of this pandemic in the UK the advice given to the families with children with many chronic diseases was to shield the whole household to prevent the risk of severe illness. The absence of mental health services during previous pandemics increased the risk of psychological distress to those affected (30) . Large organisations such as UNICEF have provided online documents to help teenagers protect their mental health during the pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-292929-s8pnm9wv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292929-s8pnm9wv.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-292502-m76rne1l author = Cheema, S. title = The COVID-19 pandemic: the public health reality date = 2020-09-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2728 sentences = 129 flesch = 48 summary = Undeniably, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in loss of human life; it has wreaked havoc on healthcare systems worldwide, highlighting inequities in healthcare availability and access; it has resulted in drastic public health measures in most countries of the world. Here, we present data that pose questions on the magnitude of attention that the COVID-19 pandemic has garnered compared to other public health issues that are in dire need of prevention and response. The loss of income is likely to result in an increase of adverse health outcomes for many of the individuals affected, and the overall economic crisis will negatively impact the ability of entire countries to provide effective healthcare to their citizens. Hence, we believe that the mortality and disease burden during and after the COVID-19 pandemic due to the social and economic consequences of the preventive measures and other factors can be substantially high. cache = ./cache/cord-292502-m76rne1l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-292502-m76rne1l.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294423-3458rek8 author = Boucher, Nathan A. title = Older Adults Post-Incarceration: Restructuring Long-Term Services and Supports in the Time of COVID-19 date = 2020-09-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1776 sentences = 131 flesch = 57 summary = Objectives To describe long-term care services and supports (LTSS) in the US, note their limitations in serving older adults post-incarceration, and offer potential solutions – with special consideration for the COVID-19 pandemic. 11 Furthermore, according to a recent systematic review, re-entry planning for 58 older incarcerated persons is "sparse and the outlook is grim, given that many are released to 59 urban communities characterized by health disparities and inadequate health care resources." 12 60 And yet, there is strong evidence that optimal utilization of health-related services is linked to 61 improved health outcomes, lower recidivism (re-incarceration), and improvements in housing, 62 employability, and support provided through families. Recently released older adults, given high rates of health problems and chronic 64 conditions, may simultaneously face both a great need for access to routine and acute health care, 65 as well as an accelerated need for long-term services and supports (LTSS) for their age. cache = ./cache/cord-294423-3458rek8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294423-3458rek8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295536-dbpt4dhr author = Shook, Natalie J. title = Disease avoidance in the time of COVID-19: The behavioral immune system is associated with concern and preventative health behaviors date = 2020-08-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4592 sentences = 270 flesch = 40 summary = This study examined whether individual differences in BIS reactivity (germ aversion, pathogen disgust sensitivity) were associated with concern about COVID-19 and engagement in recommended preventative health behaviors (social distancing, handwashing, cleaning/disinfecting, avoiding touching face, wearing facemasks). Germ aversion and pathogen disgust sensitivity were the two variables most consistently associated with COVID-19 concern and preventative health behaviors, while accounting for demographic, health, and psychosocial covariates. In general, younger age, higher income, more populated location of residence, more recent illness, better perceived health, having/had COVID-19, greater religiosity, greater extraversion, greater conscientiousness, greater perceived infectability, greater germ aversion, and greater pathogen disgust sensitivity were associated with engaging in most (at least three) of the preventative health behaviors more frequently. When demographic, health, social, personality, and BIS variables were considered simultaneously, greater germ aversion and pathogen disgust sensitivity were most consistently associated with COVID-19 concern and preventative behaviors. cache = ./cache/cord-295536-dbpt4dhr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295536-dbpt4dhr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297803-qtq352w0 author = Graham, Kathleen title = Health systems planning for an influenza pandemic date = 2010-06-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2892 sentences = 164 flesch = 43 summary = This work resulted in a joint CDHA/IWK pandemic influenza contingency plan for public health, primary care, acute care and tertiary care services. One need only consider the impact and aftermath of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) 1 or the unfolding story in New Orleans to begin to appreciate the extent of devastation and unprecedented changes in both the types and volumes of services that communities and health care organizations may face while simultaneously dealing with reduced resources. Specific objectives include: description of the command, control and management structure and functions, enhancement of surveillance systems, development of a communications plan, operational procedures for vaccines and anti-viral administration and delivery, and service delivery plans for acute care, emergency services and public health measures during a pandemic. The development of pandemic plans by more than 25 working groups covered clinical services and resource management for major hospital sites providing acute, secondary and tertiary and quaternary care. cache = ./cache/cord-297803-qtq352w0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297803-qtq352w0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295693-45etqt72 author = McClure, Elizabeth S title = Racial Capitalism within Public Health: How Occupational Settings Drive COVID-19 Disparities date = 2020-07-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3450 sentences = 210 flesch = 43 summary = In her scholarship on the history of race and medicine, Dr. Dorothy Roberts describes how focusing on "underlying" health conditions and behavioral risk factors allows society "[a] to ignore how disease is caused by political inequality and [b] to justify an unequal system by pointing to the inherent racial difference that disease supposedly reveals" (20) . Under racial capitalism, attention is drawn away from workplace hazards by arguing that workers are inherently at high risk of ill health due to their own racial and behavioral susceptibilities, masking and justifying how labor is structured to concentrate risky, lowwage work among non-White or otherwise marginalized workforces. In the counterfactual scenario of no Black lung function correction but a White hearing correction, industry would owe 31% more in worker's compensation payouts (this calculation is based on applying the average payout associated with each workers' compensation award in a typical state (30)). Under racial capitalism, Black workers experience more work-related health damage because they are concentrated in riskier, less protected jobs. cache = ./cache/cord-295693-45etqt72.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295693-45etqt72.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294209-6i8nu9l2 author = O’Sullivan, Belinda title = Rural Pandemic Preparedness: The Risk, Resilience and Response Required of Primary Healthcare date = 2020-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4584 sentences = 253 flesch = 46 summary = Rural communities have nuanced risks related to their mobility and interaction patterns coupled with heightened population needs, socio-economic disadvantage, and access and health service infrastructure challenges. Response consists of rural PHC teams adopting new preventative clinics, screening and ambulatory models to protect health workers from exposure whilst maximizing population screening and continuity of healthcare for vulnerable groups. It is imperative that mainstream pandemic policies recognize the nuance of rural settings and address resourcing and support strategies to each level of rural risk, resilience, and response for a strong health system ready for surge events. 28, 29 The focus on strong PHC is essential as most rural towns have small (<10 bed) (minimal high dependency care), or no hospitals and more remote communities rely on community clinics, nursing stations or visiting primary healthcare teams (Table 1) . cache = ./cache/cord-294209-6i8nu9l2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294209-6i8nu9l2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294784-r84td2i0 author = Meessen, Bruno title = Health system governance: welcoming the reboot date = 2020-08-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3515 sentences = 201 flesch = 54 summary = ► The focus on collective agency broadens the perspective for action: the governance of the health system is not only about the ministry of health doing well certain things, it is about groups of individuals being able to organise their collective action, through the state, but also through other mechanisms. Our proposition is to organise the analysis around four main sets of variables: (1) the set of collective action problems to solve (let us call it P) (2) the group of individuals facing this P (G),(3) the set of possible actions (A) that members of G can take at a time t in order to handle P and (4) the conditions (C) determining the choice set A. The set of possible actions A is itself determined by a set of conditions (C): the size and composition of G, the nature, quantity and distribution of resources (including information and trust) endowed by its members, their preferences, organisations (eg, the ministry of health) and other institutional arrangements in place, as well as external factors such as available technology or security. cache = ./cache/cord-294784-r84td2i0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294784-r84td2i0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297734-rp7eoonp author = Bdaiwi, Yamama title = Challenges of providing healthcare worker education and training in protracted conflict: a focus on non-government controlled areas in north west Syria date = 2020-07-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7644 sentences = 348 flesch = 42 summary = title: Challenges of providing healthcare worker education and training in protracted conflict: a focus on non-government controlled areas in north west Syria As a result of the protracted conflict, targeting of healthcare and demand for trained HCWs in north west Syria, new faculties and institutes have been established in attempts to meet the education and training needs of physician and non-physician HCWs. Established facilities include three public faculties of medicine and three faculties of pharmacy at the Free Aleppo University (FAU), Idlib University and Shahba University; the latter was established in Dana to cover areas that are geographically far from Idlib University's main campuses. As such, focused and realistic strategies which include key stakeholders and which are led and coordinated by local governing bodies (health directorates) could improve opportunities for HCW education and training in north west Syria. cache = ./cache/cord-297734-rp7eoonp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297734-rp7eoonp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297412-jxjvimqd author = Azuine, Romuladus E. title = Ebola Virus Disease Epidemic: What Can the World Learn and Not Learn from West Africa? date = 2015 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2356 sentences = 124 flesch = 60 summary = The ability of some poor, resource-limited, developing countries in sub-Saharan Africa to efficiently handle the epidemic within their shores provides some lessons learned for the global health community. In September and October, 2014, the United States (US) and Spain, respectively, became the first two developed countries of the world to record the diagnoses of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) in their lands outside West Africa during the current 2014 EVD epidemic. The patient, now deceased, contracted Ebola virus and travelled to US from his native Liberia, one of the West African country at the center of what has become one of the most challenging infectious disease outbreaks and national security threats in modern times. The US has also dispatched a team of public health officials to learn how Africa's most-populous country, Nigeria, and Senegal, among the world's poorest nation, were able to mitigate the spread of the virus in their countries. cache = ./cache/cord-297412-jxjvimqd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297412-jxjvimqd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297216-1b99hm1e author = Sariola, Salla title = Toward a Symbiotic Perspective on Public Health: Recognizing the Ambivalence of Microbes in the Anthropocene date = 2020-05-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9371 sentences = 552 flesch = 43 summary = In the Anthropocene, the conditions for microbial evolution have been altered by human interventions, and public health initiatives must recognize both the beneficial (indeed, necessary) interactions of microbes with their hosts as well as their pathogenic interactions. Its website proclaims this to be a big genome, big data approach to public health, whereby "taking into account individual differences in lifestyle, environment, and biology, researchers will uncover paths toward delivering precision medicine..." PPH is getting a shot in the other arm from pharmacogenomics, the study of how responses to drugs are influenced by the genetic makeup of the person receiving the drug. Holobiont public health would do well to recognize both the parasitic and the mutualistic branches of symbiosis [204] It would also recognize the two major changes in our scientific knowledge of microbial evolution that have occurred in this century: (1) organisms are holobionts composed of several species, wherein microbes help maintain healthy physiology and resilience; and (2) bacteria can pass genes through horizontal genetic transmission, thereby facilitating the rapid spread of antibiotic resistance through numerous bacterial species. cache = ./cache/cord-297216-1b99hm1e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297216-1b99hm1e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-294789-07hto8qn author = Schoch-Spana, Monica title = The public’s role in COVID-19 vaccination: human-centered recommendations to enhance pandemic vaccine awareness, access, and acceptance in the United States date = 2020-10-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5808 sentences = 272 flesch = 37 summary = Members of the working group-listed as authors on this paper-included national figures in public health and social science with research, policy, and practice expertise in vaccinology, vaccine hesitancy/confidence, health disparities, infectious disease, bioethics, epidemiology, bioinformatics, public health law, pandemic mitigation, public health preparedness, mass vaccination campaigns, community engagement, and crisis and emergency risk communication. A combination of literature reviews on vaccination, pandemic planning, and health crisis communication; an assessment of current news and social media trends regarding COVID-19 vaccines; and key informant interviews with each working group member focusing on their respective expertise formed the basis of the research presented in this article. To ensure a successful COVID-19 vaccination campaign, it is necessary for sponsors to invest in time-critical investigations on human factors related to vaccine acceptance, and for public health authorities and other stakeholders to act on the social and behavioral findings of this research. cache = ./cache/cord-294789-07hto8qn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-294789-07hto8qn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299315-s43gw24k author = Capps, Benjamin title = One Health, Vaccines and Ebola: The Opportunities for Shared Benefits date = 2015-09-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10082 sentences = 485 flesch = 48 summary = In this paper we propose One Health as a strategy to prevent zoonotic outbreaks as a shared goal: that human and Great Ape vaccine trials could benefit both species. Sure, while OH in this sense creates the grounds for humans to express compassion towards animals and ecosystems and to engage in novel approaches to health problems, overall it often achieves the same goals of prevention and response so far already installed in public health; so OH, in this sense, adds nothing to the ethical debate except by broadening the factors considered in any human cost-benefit analysis. Our proposal is for direct action to administer vaccinations to humans through public health and research paradigms, and additionally to animals to stave off future outbreaks in both populations. Such an approach, aimed at vaccinating animals in the first instance, would be preventative rather than reactive to an outbreak in human populations, by protecting across species and thereby creating a potential barrier to future occurrences of Ebola in the fauna. cache = ./cache/cord-299315-s43gw24k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299315-s43gw24k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298003-6yvcl92q author = Lawrence, Roderick J. title = Responding to COVID-19: What’s the Problem? date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2368 sentences = 90 flesch = 32 summary = In addition to knowledge and know-how acquired from biological, ecological, health, medical and veterinary sciences, this pandemic confirms the crucial function and contribution of access to many types of resources when they are needed; in particular, sufficient stocks of medical equipment; hospital wards with specialised infrastructure; replenished supplies of pharmaceutical products; adequate numbers of trained and qualified medical doctors, nursing staff and auxiliary personnel in hospitals, medical centres and nursing homes for elderly persons and coordinated uses of all these resources when the virus is first diagnosed in specific localities. Ironically, many advocates of laissez-faire and neo-liberal economics now expect governments to intervene to support private enterprises that are financially fragile or bankrupt, Fig. 1 1 Effective responses to the complexity, emergence and uncertainty of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and the compound nature of health, economic and social impacts of COVID-19 require understanding and implementing the virtuous relations between disciplinary knowledge and professional know-how, several types of resources, coordinated multi-level governance, and individual and collective behaviours that should be combined in transdisciplinary contributions. cache = ./cache/cord-298003-6yvcl92q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298003-6yvcl92q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296445-0spqe4r2 author = Supady, Alexander title = Consequences of the coronavirus pandemic for global health research and practice date = 2020-06-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1071 sentences = 57 flesch = 48 summary = The risk management of the COVID-19-pandemic in the context of global health research and practice not only needs to take into account microbiological and epidemiological knowledge and expertise on the characteristics and spread of SARS-CoV-2, but also social and economic impacts and challenges in different countries and settings. On the one hand, the resumption of temporarily interrupted projects may endanger people by unintended The coronavirus pandemic challenges ongoing and planned global health research and practice activities throughout the world; project planners and responsible persons must cautiously balance out the risks of interruption and resumption of the projects in the respective settings. Clinical data suggest that elderly and immunocompromised persons are at a very high risk of infections and poor outcomes when infected with SARS-CoV-2, the high contagiousness of the virus puts people in densely populated settings, such as refugee camps, at a particular risk [3] . cache = ./cache/cord-296445-0spqe4r2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296445-0spqe4r2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299745-gv7i8oeh author = Coghlan, Ben title = The Development of One Health Approaches in the Western Pacific date = 2012-10-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5323 sentences = 208 flesch = 35 summary = And the USAID Emerging Pandemic Threats Program (U.S. Agency for International Development 2010) operates globally with specific activities related to four project areas in Southeast Asia: wildlife pathogen detection, risk determination and reduction, outbreak response capacity, and institutionalization of a One Health approach. Ecohealth approaches to the better management of zoonotic emerging infectious diseases in the Southeast Asia Region (EcoZEID) (Gilbert 2011) adopts a learning by doing approach in six countries aiming to demonstrate how capacity for research and disease control can be developed to address specific risks and impacts of EIDs. ILRI also manages the Field Building Leadership Initiative (FBLI): Advancing ecohealth in Southeast Asia (China, Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam) (Tung DX 2011) . This joint action culminated in a new strategy, The Vietnam Integrated National Operational Program on Avian Influenza, Pandemic Preparedness And Emerging Infectious Diseases (AIPED), 2011-2015: Strengthening responses and improving prevention through a One Health approach (Vietnam Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development and Ministry of Health 2011). cache = ./cache/cord-299745-gv7i8oeh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299745-gv7i8oeh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299352-9pcb2enl author = Siedner, Mark J. title = Strengthening the Detection of and Early Response to Public Health Emergencies: Lessons from the West African Ebola Epidemic date = 2015-03-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3432 sentences = 155 flesch = 44 summary = • Strategies to consider include development of a more precise system to risk stratify geographic settings susceptible to disease outbreaks, reconsideration of the 2005 International Health Regulations Criteria to allow for earlier responses to localized epidemics before they reach epidemic proportions, increasing the flexibility of the World Health Organization director general to characterize epidemics with more granularity, development of guidelines for best practices to promote partnership with local stakeholders and identify locally acceptable response strategies, and, most importantly, making good on international commitments to establish a fund for public health emergency preparedness and response. An International Health Systems fund, through a sustained investment by global partners, would provide much needed preparedness in future cases of outbreaks in LMICs, where local resources are not capable of controlling epidemics [22] . cache = ./cache/cord-299352-9pcb2enl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299352-9pcb2enl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296422-5lsyh6s5 author = Purgato, Marianna title = Promotion, prevention and treatment interventions for mental health in low- and middle-income countries through a task-shifting approach date = 2020-08-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4460 sentences = 176 flesch = 38 summary = People living in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) are exposed to a constellation of stressors that make them vulnerable to developing psychological symptoms and/or mental disorders, and a large gap between individuals in need of care and those who actually receive evidence-based interventions still exists (World Health Organization, 2010 , 2015 . This new conceptualisation emphasised the importance of mental health promotion and prevention interventions, aimed at reducing the likelihood of future disorders with the general population or with people who are identified as being at risk of a disorder (Tol et al., 2015) . In addition, treatment interventions may include broader interventions sometimes delivered by PHWs or CWs (and sometimes by specialist psychiatric nurses) such as training in self-help interventions, informal support, transdiagnostic psychosocial support (individualised plan addressing social and emotional functioning and problems) and high-risk individual identification which may be particularly relevant to those who have detectable subthreshold signs and symptoms of mental illness (van Ginneken et al., 2013) . cache = ./cache/cord-296422-5lsyh6s5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296422-5lsyh6s5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295013-ew9n9i7z author = Nambiar, Devaki title = Field-testing of primary health-care indicators, India date = 2020-11-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4477 sentences = 264 flesch = 50 summary = [34] [35] [36] Objective To develop a primary health-care monitoring framework and health outcome indicator list, and field-test and triangulate indicators designed to assess health reforms in Kerala, India, 2018-2019. [34] [35] [36] Objective To develop a primary health-care monitoring framework and health outcome indicator list, and field-test and triangulate indicators designed to assess health reforms in Kerala, India, 2018-2019. As already observed in India and other low-and middle-income countries, 29 our results indicate that any approach to improving or monitoring the quality of health-care must be adaptable to local methods of data production and reporting, while ensuring that emerging concerns of local staff are considered. The Every Newborn-BIRTH study was a triangulation of maternal and newborn healthcare data in low-and middle-income countries, 47 and some smaller-scale primary-care indicator triangulation exercises have been undertaken by India's National Health Systems Resource Centre. cache = ./cache/cord-295013-ew9n9i7z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295013-ew9n9i7z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296226-ugeupo3u author = Sim, Shuzhen title = A greener vision for vector control: The example of the Singapore dengue control programme date = 2020-08-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6870 sentences = 316 flesch = 44 summary = Aedes-borne diseases, in particular, including dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever, and Zika, are increasing at an alarming rate due to urbanisation, population movement, weak vector control programmes, and climate change. The environmental management put in place to implement this high standard of public cleanliness has greatly benefited Singapore's efforts to tackle VBDs. Underscoring the view that Aedes-borne diseases are environmental diseases, dengue control in Singapore is led by the National Environment Agency (NEA), a statutory board of the Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources (MEWR). In view of the importance of infrastructure maintenance and design, environmental sanitation, people's behaviours, and use of technologies on dengue prevention, the NEA collaborates closely with other government ministries (e.g., Health, National Development, Education, Finance), town councils (responsible for management and maintenance of the common property of public housing estates, including vector control), community associations, research and academic institutions, and the private sector (Fig 2) . cache = ./cache/cord-296226-ugeupo3u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296226-ugeupo3u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298620-4cbnip2a author = Zeng, Bin title = Expert consensus on protocol of rehabilitation for COVID‐19 patients using framework and approaches of WHO International Family Classifications date = 2020-07-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3880 sentences = 210 flesch = 32 summary = Based on the World Health Organization (WHO) International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and its biopsychosocial model of functioning, we use the WHO Family of International Classifications (WHO‐FICs) framework to form an expert consensus on the COVID‐19 rehabilitation program, focusing on the diagnosis and evaluation of disease and functioning, and service delivery of rehabilitation, and to establish a standard rehabilitation framework, terminology system, and evaluation and intervention systems based the WHO‐FICs. It is the fundamental system of physical medicine and rehabilitation and is recommended in the fields of diagnosis and coding, evaluation, and interventions of functioning to maximize patients' functioning at three levels: (1) body function and structure; (2) activity and participation; and (3) environmental factors and personal factors. [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] According to the framework and scope of rehabilitation developed by the International Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (ISPRM white paper), ICF and ICHI β-2, we develop a personalized intervention plan based on specific unmet needs of patients with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-298620-4cbnip2a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298620-4cbnip2a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295399-rj2i3cxy author = Wurapa, Frederick title = One Health concept for strengthening public health surveillance and response through Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training in Ghana date = 2011-12-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4312 sentences = 185 flesch = 45 summary = The persisting need for well-trained epidemiologists to support the public health surveillance, outbreak investigation and response system made the development of the Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme (FELTP) a national priority. In keeping with the "One health" concept, to mitigate the increasing threat of outbreaks of zoonotic diseases and to further strengthen the laboratory's key role in public health surveillance and response in the country, the trainees/residents were selected from serving staff nominated by the Ghana Health Service, Ministry of Health (physicians and laboratory scientists) and the Veterinary Service Directorate, Ministry of Food and Agriculture (veterinarians). During the 2-year period of training especially when on field postings, residents of the programme join the staff of the Ghana Health Service and Veterinary Service Directorate to investigate and respond to disease outbreaks and public health emergencies. cache = ./cache/cord-295399-rj2i3cxy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295399-rj2i3cxy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298362-j3fe0qu2 author = Chen, Jiaoyan title = Forecasting smog-related health hazard based on social media and physical sensor date = 2017-03-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6231 sentences = 317 flesch = 57 summary = We then propose a predictive analytic approach that utilizes both social media and physical sensor data to forecast the next day smog-related health hazard. We then propose a predictive analytic approach that utilizes both social media and physical sensor data to forecast the next day smog-related health hazard. To the best of our knowledge, our research is the first study to systematically model and analyze real-world social media and physical sensor data for smog-related health hazard forecasting. Second, a health hazard prediction model is built using records of public health index, smog severity index, social network diffusion factor and physical observation, and is further utilized to forecast smog-related health hazards. As Fig. 3 shows, we develop an ANN-based prediction model to forecast the next day smog-related health hazard (PHI record) with the inputs including the current and the past air quality observations, meteorology observations and social observations. cache = ./cache/cord-298362-j3fe0qu2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298362-j3fe0qu2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-295954-cw5n1tm4 author = Campbell, Kendall M. title = Institutional and Faculty Partnerships to Promote Learner Preparedness for Health Professions Education date = 2020-10-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4664 sentences = 203 flesch = 31 summary = In 2018, a group of academic medicine leaders convened the Innovators, Collaborators, and Leaders conference with faculty at institutions across the state of North Carolina to discuss ways to improve learner preparedness for health professions education and increase numbers of underrepresented students pursuing health careers. The ICL conference was funded by an endowment grant and was designed to bring together faculty at HBCUs, a NASI, and PWIs within the state of North Carolina to (1) discuss the preparation of pre-health majors for health professions education across the state, (2) build camaraderie through candid discussions addressing the effects of historical inequities while highlighting the unique contributions of each institution towards building the health care pathway for URMs, (3) provide meaningful professional development activities for faculty participants, and (4) develop a strategy for North Carolina HBCUs, NASI, and PWIs to work collectively to increase the number of URM students entering health professions and graduate programs. cache = ./cache/cord-295954-cw5n1tm4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-295954-cw5n1tm4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299797-s1zdmf2u author = Dettori, Marco title = Environmental Risks Perception Among Citizens Living Near Industrial Plants: A Cross-Sectional Study date = 2020-07-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4989 sentences = 254 flesch = 49 summary = The present work is a cross-sectional study aimed at assessing the risk perception and evaluating the community outrage linked to environmental factors among a self-selected sample of citizens living in an area characterized by the presence of industrial structures of high emotional impact. The growing awareness of the health impacts caused by the alteration of environmental conditions by anthropic activities, such as industrial expansion near urban areas, atmospheric pollution, and climate change, plays a key role in the judgment and acceptability of the risks related to environmental Owing to its insularity, the region lends itself very well to observational investigations and represents an excellent test case in relation to the reported social dynamics. The full questionnaire is shown in Tables 2 and 3 (Results Section): Table 2 reports 6 questions related to the respondents' general information; Table 3 shows 8 questions (numbers 7 to 14) related to health concerns and risk perceptions, together with their close-ended answers. cache = ./cache/cord-299797-s1zdmf2u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299797-s1zdmf2u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296863-xu0h92ac author = Berlinguer, Giovanni title = Bioethics, health, and inequality date = 2004-09-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4325 sentences = 191 flesch = 49 summary = The International Bioethics Committee (IBC) of UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization) recommended that "PGD be limited to medical indications. The convention includes articles on the rights of the patient, on equitable access to health care, on respect for private life, on non-discrimination on genetic grounds, on transplants, and on prohibition of financial gains "from the human body and his parts as such" (article 21). The main difficulty in practising moral principles concerning human dignity and equity in health is that in the past 15 years a singular ethics (and a singular policy) prevailed in the world, which resulted in overturning the health paradigms that had successfully guided public health and health services for one century. As far as ethics is concerned, the difference is that WHO does have a moral obligation towards people's health, whereas the WTO, the IMF, and the World Bank do not. cache = ./cache/cord-296863-xu0h92ac.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296863-xu0h92ac.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300030-s4i0mdqe author = Jaguga, Florence title = Mental health response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya: a review date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3474 sentences = 187 flesch = 49 summary = CONCLUSION: We propose four key strategies for strengthening the mental health response in order to mitigate the harmful impact of COVID-19 on public mental health in Kenya: (1) preparation of a formal mental health response plan specific to the COVID-19 pandemic with allocation of funding for the response (2) training of community health workers and community health volunteers on psychological first aid to enable access to support for those in need during the pandemic (3) scaling up of mobile health to increase access to care (4) conducting systematic and continuous text message surveys on the mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in order to inform decision-making. According to the framework, 'preparation and co-ordination' involves developing a mental health response plan, creating COVID-19 specific mental health services and training of healthcare workers on psychological first aid. cache = ./cache/cord-300030-s4i0mdqe.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300030-s4i0mdqe.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297711-6zi9xgu4 author = R., Varalakshmi title = COVID 2019 – ROLE OF FACULTY MEMBERS TO KEEP MENTAL ACTIVENESS OF STUDENTS date = 2020-04-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1040 sentences = 65 flesch = 53 summary = World Health Organization (WHO), declares as on March 30, 2020, globally 693,282 confirmed cases of coronavirus disease 2019 , which includes 33,106 deceased (https://www.who.int/docs/ default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports /20200330-sitrep-70covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=7e0fe3f8_4; Coronavirus Outbreak, 2020a,b) . To reduce the spread of the virus, the Government of India issued the various guidelines include hand hygiene practices, wearing masks, avoiding public gathering, social distancing and quarantines etc. These initiatives are highly informative to the Faculty members and the students to enhance their knowledge either in their fundamentals course (or) in advanced course (or) in preparing for a competitive examination (or) in a specific field of his / her interest. The faculty member can schedule an online class and ask all the students to present. In this situation, as per the direction of Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), India, the faculty member should engage the students academically through online for the benefit of their career. cache = ./cache/cord-297711-6zi9xgu4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297711-6zi9xgu4.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300229-9qh7efs4 author = Inchausti, Felix title = Psychological Intervention and COVID-19: What We Know So Far and What We Can Do date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5192 sentences = 242 flesch = 40 summary = The coronavirus COVID-19 and the global pandemic has already had a substantial disruptive impact on society, posing major challenges to the provision of mental health services in a time of crisis, and carrying the spectre of an increased burden to mental health, both in terms of existing psychiatric disorder, and emerging psychological distress from the pandemic. These are (i) healthcare workers engaged in frontline response to the pandemic and their patients; (ii) individuals who will experience the emergence of new mental health distress as a function of being diagnosed with COVID-19, or losing family and loved ones to the illness, or the psychological effects of prolonged social distancing; and (iii) individuals with existing mental health conditions who are either diagnosed with COVID-19 or whose experience of social distancing exacerbates existing vulnerabilities. cache = ./cache/cord-300229-9qh7efs4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300229-9qh7efs4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299833-f2q6di3t author = Pietrabissa, Giada title = Psychological Consequences of Social Isolation During COVID-19 Outbreak date = 2020-09-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2857 sentences = 139 flesch = 47 summary = Loneliness has been an emerging issue in society in recent years, and has been linked to depression, irritability, and preoccupation with negative self-related thoughts, alongside a 26% increase in risk of premature death. Like social isolation, loneliness has been linked to depression (Cacioppo et al., 2006; Han and Richardson, 2010) , increased cortisol levels (Edwards et al., 2010; Miller, 2011) , lowered immunity (Cole et al., 2011) , and clinical disease, with attendant increases in length and frequency of hospital stays (Thurston and Kubzansky, 2009; Hawker and Romero-Ortuno, 2016) . Unlike the common and ineliminable moments of crisis that characterize the existence of each of us -which, although destabilizing, represent a unique and fundamental opportunity to review personal strategies for problem management -in this period, people are experiencing impotence, vulnerability, and a feeling of loss of control over one's life as a response to something indeterminate in time and space. An overview of systematic reviews on the public health consequences of social isolation and loneliness cache = ./cache/cord-299833-f2q6di3t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299833-f2q6di3t.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300246-fxqseibh author = Badyal, Dinesh Kumar title = Chloroquine: Can it be a Novel Drug for COVID-19 date = 2020-04-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1404 sentences = 100 flesch = 55 summary = The United States Food and Drug Administration has not approved any drug or vaccine for the treatment of COVID-19; however, reports have emerged from different parts of the world about the potential therapeutic benefits of existing drugs. Chloroquine and phosphate hydroxychloroquine are the drugs currently in the limelight, and recently, the National Task Force for COVID-19 constituted by the Indian Council of Medical Research has recommended the use of antimalarial drug hydroxychloroquine for prophylaxis of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 infection in selected high-risk individuals. [16] Due to its promising results, chloroquine has been included in guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 (sixth edition) published by the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China. In India, The National Task Force for COVID-19 constituted by the Indian Council of Medical Research has recommended the use of antimalarial drug hydroxychloroquine for prophylaxis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in selected high-risk individuals. cache = ./cache/cord-300246-fxqseibh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300246-fxqseibh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298708-lvahzj59 author = Sahin, Ecem title = Vulnerabilities of Syrian refugee children in Turkey and actions taken for prevention and management in terms of health and wellbeing date = 2020-07-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10392 sentences = 468 flesch = 46 summary = RESULTS: Syrian refugee children in Turkey are facing a variety of risks in terms of their health and wellbeing including communicable and non-communicable diseases, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, family violence, child labor, and child marriage. A study on mental health problems and related risk factors in Turkey reported that Syrian refugee children have been exposed to a number of traumatic events during war in Syria prior to arrival to Turkey such as witnessing explosions or gun battles (70 %), to lose someone important to them (56 %), to see dead or wounded people (55 %), or witnessing people being tortured (43 %) (Gormez et al., 2018) . The main commonality of the studies reviewed for this article is that Syrian refugee children in Turkey are faced with higher risks in terms of a variety of health and wellbeing indicators despite the efforts by governmental and non-governmental entities. cache = ./cache/cord-298708-lvahzj59.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298708-lvahzj59.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299982-plw0dukq author = Chire Saire, J. E. title = Covid19 Surveillance in Peru on April using Text Mining date = 2020-05-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1642 sentences = 105 flesch = 54 summary = Twitter provides researchers an information source on public health, in real time and globally. More applications using Twitter and Natural Language Processing are found: monitor H1N1 flu [14] , Dengue in Brazil [15] , covid19 symptomatology in Colombia [16] , covid19 infoveillance in South America countries [17] and monitor City of Mexico [18] Finally, Ear [19] found, Peruvian Internal Agencies have overlapping functions so this can limit collaboration, there is not enough technical capacity and resources outside the capital, Lima. Another point to consider is that, besides the information on COVID 19, the international information related to the situation in other countries is present in every region. A similar scenario is present in all the regions, mass media The Social Network explored is useful to provide data for a exploratory analysis, to know what concerns can have citizens and map the issues per city so Public Policies can be more efficient and located. cache = ./cache/cord-299982-plw0dukq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299982-plw0dukq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300022-2wfo6yql author = Ammar, Walid title = Health system resilience: Lebanon and the Syrian refugee crisis date = 2016-12-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4812 sentences = 249 flesch = 45 summary = When studying the resilience of the Lebanese health system we drew on insights from studies of health systems that have faced refugee crises -studies which have considered the ability of a health system to maintain service delivery, prevent major outbreaks and sustain improvements in population level outcome indicators including utilization, service coverage, morbidity and mortality rates, as measures of success [30] [31] [32] [33] . The MOPH information systems and the maternal mortality observatory data sets are designed to incorporate ongoing assessment and reporting related to displaced Syrians, including for immunization coverage, disease surveillance and utilization of health services in addition to maternal and child mortality. Our findings indicate that the health system in Lebanon was able to maintain service delivery for both refugees and Lebanese citizens, prevent communicable diseases and sustain improvements in morbidity and mortality levels in the presence of major external and internal shocks, despite relatively limited increase in system inputs. cache = ./cache/cord-300022-2wfo6yql.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300022-2wfo6yql.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-297341-c2af59ip author = Kelly, Jaimon T. title = Dietitians Australia position statement on telehealth date = 2020-06-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5316 sentences = 283 flesch = 40 summary = Compared to traditional care, a recent systematic review with meta-analysis (2019, n = 9 RCTs) concluded that telephone-delivered weight management interventions resulted in a significant decrease in BMI for people with overweight or obesity of −0.46 kg/m 2 (95% CI −0.73, −0.19). In an updated search (April 2020, n = 13 RCTs) of telephone-delivered dietetic services, a meta-analysis was performed that showed that telephone-delivered consultations by dietitians was a superior intervention compared to traditional care (including those with ad hoc nutrition care) for improving a range of important dietary intake measures, including fruit, vegetable, fibre and fat intake per day (see Table 1 ). 63 Another systematic review (2015, n = 9 studies) examined the effects of health interventions on weight loss among patients with cardiovascular disease reporting favourable outcomes for trials using web-based platforms(−1.44 kg; 95% CI -2.34 to −0.34; I 2 = 98%; n = 10 studies), telemedicine (−1.04 kg; 95% CI −1.12 to −0.97; I 2 = 0%; n = 3) and text messaging (−1.74 kg; 95% CI −2.51 to −0.98; I 2 = 83%; n = 4). cache = ./cache/cord-297341-c2af59ip.txt txt = ./txt/cord-297341-c2af59ip.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299613-5ju5fcf4 author = Arthi, Vellore title = Disease, downturns, and wellbeing: Economic history and the long-run impacts of COVID-19 date = 2020-11-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 17509 sentences = 810 flesch = 48 summary = In this paper, we review the evidence on the long-run effects on health, labor, and human capital of both historical pandemics (with a focus on the 1918 Influenza Pandemic) and historical recessions (with a focus on the Great Depression). Thus, a historical perspective allows us to use rich data to look at not only the short-term effects of crises like COVID-19 on health, labor, and human capital, but also the long-term and intergenerational impacts along these dimensions for both individuals and the wider economy. To examine how history can inform our view of the coronavirus pandemic and associated policy responses as they relate to long-run wellbeing, we begin in Section II by reviewing the features of COVID-19 that will determine its potential health and economic impacts, and placing these features in historical context. cache = ./cache/cord-299613-5ju5fcf4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299613-5ju5fcf4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298696-rsifxvtj author = Lim, Meng-Kin title = Global response to pandemic flu: more research needed on a critical front date = 2006-10-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2257 sentences = 100 flesch = 50 summary = Given that air transportation is the one feature that most differentiates present day transmission scenarios from those in 1918, our present inability to prevent spread of influenza by international air travel, as reckoned by the World Health Organization, constitutes a major weakness in the current global preparedness plan against pandemic flu. Alas, the 2005 WHO report Avian influenza: assessing the pandemic has dismally concluded that "If only a few countries are affected, travel-related measures, such as exit screening for persons departing from affected areas, might delay international spread somewhat, but cannot stop it. Against a conservatively estimated US$800 billion a year that a human pandemic of avian influenza could cost the global economy [24] , not to mention the incalculable cost in terms of human lives [25] , it seems incredible that the aviation lessons of SARS have not led to an acceleration of scientific research and health policy evaluation aimed at strengthening public health defenses on the air transportation front. cache = ./cache/cord-298696-rsifxvtj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298696-rsifxvtj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302704-rj4le1qn author = Felknor, Sarah A. title = How Will the Future of Work Shape the OSH Professional of the Future? A Workshop Summary date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5163 sentences = 235 flesch = 41 summary = Rapid and profound changes anticipated in the future of work will have significant implications for the education and training of occupational safety and health (OSH) professionals and the workforce. It is therefore likely that there will be a need for new disciplines and specialties in OSH or, at a minimum, a broader skill set and expanded training of traditional OSH professions to include occupational health psychology, human resource management, and TWH [18] . It is therefore likely that there will be a need for new disciplines and specialties in OSH or, at a minimum, a broader skill set and expanded training of traditional OSH professions to include occupational health psychology, human resource management, and TWH [18] . It is important to note that the workshop was designed to identify challenges, gaps, and needs facing the future of education and training of OSH professionals and not necessarily to provide concrete answers or next steps in the development of curricula, credentialing of OSH professions, or evaluation of new training methods. cache = ./cache/cord-302704-rj4le1qn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302704-rj4le1qn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301423-stod75j2 author = Parekh, Niyati title = Health behaviours during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: implications for obesity date = 2020-08-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2764 sentences = 130 flesch = 43 summary = DESIGN: We reviewed how the pandemic adversely influences many of these behaviors, specifically physical activity, sedentary behaviors, sleep, and dietary intakes, and provided individual level strategies that may be used to mitigate them. Sheltering-in-place has significantly altered health behaviours and the food environment by limiting opportunities for daily physical activities, encouraging screen time and sedentary behaviours, disturbing sleep and promoting consumption of ultraprocessed foods and alcohol. The average American adult spends 7·2-9·5 h/d engaged in sedentary behaviours, such as sitting while working, Higher alcohol intake Fig. 1 (colour online) Interrelationships of behavioural risk factors for weight gain that have been affected by the COVID pandemic; the confluence of these behavioural changes is hypothesised to exacerbate the national prevalence of obesity that is a threat for disease severity and mortality reading, watching television and using computers, smartphones or other devices (9) . cache = ./cache/cord-301423-stod75j2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301423-stod75j2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301192-wif0te3w author = Hoffman, David A title = Increasing Access to Care: Telehealth During COVID-19 date = 2020-06-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5793 sentences = 304 flesch = 47 summary = The current public health emergency necessitates a detailed look at the federal and state telehealth regulations to determine what changes will properly incentivize rapid adoption of the technology while also mitigating concerns related to safety, privacy, cybersecurity, and how best to assist underserved communities and people. Increasing Access to Care: Telehealth During COVID-19 5 CMS also will now provide for reimbursement for RPM services for acute conditions as well as chronic, and that expansion will extend beyond the public health emergency. Further, covered entities (and their business associates) must apply the administrative, physical, and technical safeguards of the HIPAA Security Rule to electronic protected health information." 33 However, in a March 30, 2020, Notification OCR stated: "During the COVID-19 national emergency, which also constitutes a nationwide public health emergency, covered health care providers subject to the HIPAA Rules may seek to communicate with patients, and provide telehealth services, through remote communications technologies. cache = ./cache/cord-301192-wif0te3w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301192-wif0te3w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299627-nu4typ7j author = Acuin, Cecilia S title = Maternal, neonatal, and child health in southeast Asia: towards greater regional collaboration date = 2011-01-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6808 sentences = 340 flesch = 48 summary = We used the following search terms: "Asia", "Asia and Pacifi c", "Southeast Asia", "SEA", "Association of Southeast Asian Nations", and "ASEAN" (for geographic location); "Cambodia", "Indonesia", "Lao PDR", "Laos", "Malaysia", "Myanmar", "Philippines", "Thailand", and "Vietnam" (our countries of interest); "(maternal OR child OR neonatal) AND (health OR health care)", "(health OR mortality) AND (pregnancy OR pregnant)", and "(health OR mortality) AND (maternal OR neonatal OR infant OR child OR under 5 years" (for health conditions); "health systems", "health fi nancing", "leadership", "governance", "information systems", "delivery and organization of services", "regulation of health products", "human resources" (for health systems); "maternal mortality ratio", "infant mortality rate", "neonatal mortality rate", "under 5 mortality rate", "skilled birth attendance", "antenatal care", "prenatal care", "immunization", "maternal and child nutrition", and "causes of maternal, infant and child mortality" (for mortality and health programme indicators); and "gross domestic product", "GDP", "GDP per capita", "national health accounts", "NHA", "public and private health expenditures", and "(out-of-pocket OR OOP) health expenditures" (for fi nance). cache = ./cache/cord-299627-nu4typ7j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299627-nu4typ7j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301521-mpm43aga author = Teixeira, Andre Luiz Schuh title = La urgencia de implementar y ampliar la telepsiquiatría durante la crisis de COVID-19: perspectiva de los psiquiatras que inician su carrera date = 2020-06-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 939 sentences = 67 flesch = 47 summary = 2 Despite the disruptions in the normal functioning of psychiatric services, which have limited the ability to provide regular care, especially in outpatient settings, patients with new and existing mental health conditions should be followed up remotely. Telemedicine is defined by the American Psychiatric Association as "the process of providing health care from a distance through technology, often using videoconferencing". Telepsychiatry, a subgroup of telemedicine, involves providing psychiatric care through a range of services including psychiatric evaluations, therapy, patient education and medication management. 3 Early Career Psychiatrists (ECPs) from several regions of the world are optimistic that this pandemic will provide the opportunity to implement and expand telepsychiatry to urgently address the current mental health care needs of the population in times of physical distancing. 4 Indeed, telepsychiatry has already become a powerful tool in the mental health with demonstrated effectiveness in US and Australia for disorders like depression 5 , anxiety 6 , psychosis 7 and PTSD 8 . cache = ./cache/cord-301521-mpm43aga.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301521-mpm43aga.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302983-3v5bc80z author = Matterne, Uwe title = Health literacy in the general population in the context of epidemic or pandemic coronavirus outbreak situations: Rapid scoping review date = 2020-10-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5446 sentences = 296 flesch = 46 summary = title: Health literacy in the general population in the context of epidemic or pandemic coronavirus outbreak situations: Rapid scoping review OBJECTIVE: The aim of this rapid scoping review, for which only studies from the general population were considered, was to describe the extent of existing research on HL in the context of previous coronavirus outbreaks (SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2). METHODS: We searched major databases and included publications of quantitative and qualitative studies in English and German on any type of research on the functional, critical and communicative domains of HL conducted in the context of the three outbreaks in the general population. Therefore, the aim of this rapid scoping review, for which only studies from the general population were considered, was to describe the extent of existing research on HL in the context of previous coronavirus outbreaks (SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2). cache = ./cache/cord-302983-3v5bc80z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302983-3v5bc80z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301328-13adnvav author = Lowenthal, John title = Overview of the CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory date = 2016-04-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1656 sentences = 76 flesch = 45 summary = Emerging infectious diseases arising from livestock and wildlife pose serious threats to global human health, as shown by a series of continuous outbreaks involving highly pathogenic influenza, SARS, Ebola and MERS. To combat diseases like MERS, we must take a holistic approach that involves the development of early biomarkers of infection, a suite of treatment options (vaccines, anti-viral drugs and antibody therapeutics) and appropriate animal models to test the safety and efficacy of candidate treatments. Examples include the highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus that has decimated poultry production in Asia and claimed over 350 lives since 2003 with continuing regular outbreaks, the Hendra virus in Australia, the Nipah virus in Malaysia and Bangladesh and hemorrhagic fever viruses (Ebola and Marburg), which have emerged from bats via intermediate hosts, such as horses and pigs, to infect and kill humans over the past two decades. cache = ./cache/cord-301328-13adnvav.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301328-13adnvav.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300465-19euup51 author = Paniagua-Avila, Alejandra title = Evaluating a multicomponent program to improve hypertension control in Guatemala: study protocol for an effectiveness-implementation cluster randomized trial date = 2020-06-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4892 sentences = 259 flesch = 40 summary = This study will generate urgently needed data on effective, adoptable, and sustainable interventions and implementation strategies to improve hypertension control in Guatemala and other LMICs. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03504124. Specifically, these strategies include team-based care, health coaching sessions, home-based blood pressure (BP) monitoring, clinical decision support, BP audit and feedback, and training of healthcare providers. This study is an implementation-effectiveness, hybrid, type 2, cluster randomized control trial that will evaluate a multilevel and multicomponent hypertension control program within the Guatemalan primary care system [17] . The multicomponent program includes a protocol-based hypertension treatment and five implementation strategies: team-based collaborative care, health provider education, health coaching sessions, home blood pressure monitoring, and blood pressure audit and feedback. The overarching aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and implementation outcomes of a hypertension control multicomponent program within the first and second levels of care in Guatemala, compared to usual care. cache = ./cache/cord-300465-19euup51.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300465-19euup51.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302619-3hbbpmnt author = Strausbaugh, L. J. title = Emerging health care-associated infections in the geriatric population. date = 2001 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2633 sentences = 141 flesch = 37 summary = TB is the most The increasing number of persons >65 years of age form a special population at risk for nosocomial and other health care-associated infections. TB is the most The increasing number of persons >65 years of age form a special population at risk for nosocomial and other health care-associated infections. As a health care-associated infection in this age group, TB comes to the fore in hospital and nursing home outbreaks (11) . Adult daycare centers and home care services, which have proliferated under medical auspices in recent years, provide additional avenues for geriatric populations to acquire health careassociated infections. For example, in a 2-year serologic study of selected pathogens causing respiratory tract infections and febrile episodes in two Canadian long-term care facilities, Orr and colleagues identified a positive serologic response to Chlamydia pneumoniae in 9.4% of 224 Health care-associated infections caused by antimicrobial drug-resistant bacteria have caused both endemic infections and outbreaks in nursing homes in the United States. cache = ./cache/cord-302619-3hbbpmnt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302619-3hbbpmnt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301479-dc1oyftd author = Koehlmoos, Tracey Pérez title = Global Health: Chronic Diseases and Other Emergent Issues in Global Health date = 2011-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7336 sentences = 338 flesch = 47 summary = This article discusses emergent issues in global health related to noncommunicable diseases and conditions, with focus on defining the unique epidemiologic features and relevant programmatic, health systems, and policy responses concerning noncommunicable chronic diseases, mental health, accidents and injuries, urbanization, climate change, and disaster preparedness. Trying to offer an in-depth discussion on such a wide range of issues in just one article is clearly not possible, and therefore focus and emphasis is given to defining the unique epidemiologic features and relevant programmatic, health systems, and policy responses concerning noncommunicable chronic diseases (NCDs), mental health, accidents and injuries, urbanization, climate change, and disaster preparedness. 1, 11 Low-income and middle-income countries have developed their health provision and policies according to a primary care or Alma Ata model, focused on meeting the needs of pregnant women and children younger than 5 years, and developing services for a variety of high-impact communicable diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria. cache = ./cache/cord-301479-dc1oyftd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301479-dc1oyftd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300965-ivczo1a7 author = Brown, M. M. title = Don’t be the “Fifth Guy”: Risk, Responsibility, and the Rhetoric of Handwashing Campaigns date = 2017-08-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7428 sentences = 378 flesch = 47 summary = Some scholars—for example, Peterson and Lupton (1996)—term this model the "new public health." In this essay, I describe how the focus on personal responsibility for infection risk shapes the promotion of hand hygiene and other forms of illness etiquette. Personal responsibility may be a cornerstone of public health, but hand hygiene promotion is an especially persuasive vehicle for popularizing an individualistic conception of infection risk. Even in developed countries, where the assumption of personal responsibility is less likely to be impeded by structural issues, hand hygiene promotion may nevertheless skew perceptions of contextual or social determinants of infection risk. Created by the Florida Department of Health in response to H1N1, the BFifth Guy^campaign illustrates the use of a constitutive, stigmatizing rhetoric to endorse the assumption of personal responsibility for infection risk. cache = ./cache/cord-300965-ivczo1a7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300965-ivczo1a7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300301-7amiljnm author = Clements, Bruce W. title = Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Disease Threats date = 2016-03-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6536 sentences = 383 flesch = 50 summary = Factors contributing to the emergence of diseases include increasing international travel and commerce, changes in human demographics and behavior, advances in technology and industry, microbial adaptation and the breakdown of public health systems. These include: rapid epidemiologic surveillance and investigations to characterize the disease; transmission prevention through containment and control measures; development and deployment of medical countermeasures; and emergency public information and warning. By April 26, a public health emergency, the first in the history of the United States, was declared to allow for the rapid development of a vaccine, mobilization of antiviral medications through the federally resourced Strategic National Stockpile, and enhanced surveillance through reporting and testing. While it may not be possible to predict which pathogens may emerge or reemerge, it is possible to build infrastructure and take general steps to make populations and public health systems better prepared for the next novel infectious disease outbreak. cache = ./cache/cord-300301-7amiljnm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300301-7amiljnm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303203-1kpw4ru0 author = Guo, Jing title = Coping with COVID-19: Exposure to COVID-19 and Negative Impact on Livelihood Predict Elevated Mental Health Problems in Chinese Adults date = 2020-05-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4486 sentences = 215 flesch = 49 summary = title: Coping with COVID-19: Exposure to COVID-19 and Negative Impact on Livelihood Predict Elevated Mental Health Problems in Chinese Adults However, few studies have examined sleep problems, depression, and posttraumatic symptoms among the general adult population during the COVID-19 outbreak, and little is known about coping behaviors. Mental health problems were assessed with the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders (PTSD) Checklist for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression inventory, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Perceived negative impact of the pandemic on livelihood showed a large effect size in predicting mental health problems (standardized beta: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.10–0.19). The relationship between coping behavior and Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms (PTSS), depression, insomnia, mental health problems. We found that direct exposure to COVID-19 and the impact on livelihood are important predictors of mental health problems, and that people found cognitive and prosocial ways to cope with the strains and stresses of the lockdown. cache = ./cache/cord-303203-1kpw4ru0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303203-1kpw4ru0.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303385-2jjg8qw6 author = Kiendrébéogo, Joël Arthur title = Policy learning and Universal Health Coverage in low- and middle-income countries date = 2020-07-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6634 sentences = 320 flesch = 48 summary = This article draws on an analytical framework proposed by Dunlop and Radaelli, whereby they identified four learning modes that can emerge according to the specific characteristics of the policy process: epistemic learning, learning in the shadow of hierarchy, learning through bargaining and reflexive learning. Epistemic learning takes several configurations in our 'collective action for UHC' in LMICs. Epistemic learning encompasses situations such as (1) reading a policy-brief or even a scientific article, particularly a systematic review or a metaanalysis; (2) attending national, regional or international meetings or training workshops; (3) the release of conceptual or analytical frameworks to better understand the concept of UHC or its linkages with health system pillarsexamples include the health financing functions [50, 51] or the 'UHC cube' [1] ; or (4) specialist agencies or researchers sharing lessons learned in other countries [3, 52] or developing policy guidance notes on how to move quickly towards UHC [53] [54] [55] . cache = ./cache/cord-303385-2jjg8qw6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303385-2jjg8qw6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303197-hpbh4o77 author = Humboldt-Dachroeden, Sarah title = The state of one health research across disciplines and sectors – a bibliometric analysis date = 2020-06-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2105 sentences = 119 flesch = 46 summary = There is a growing interest in One Health, reflected by the rising number of publications relating to One Health literature, but also through zoonotic disease outbreaks becoming more frequent, such as Ebola, Zika virus and COVID-19. This paper uses bibliometric analysis to explore the state of One Health in academic literature, to visualise the characteristics and trends within the field through a network analysis of citation patterns and bibliographic links. This paper uses bibliometric analysis to explore the state of One Health in academic literature, to visualise between the disciplines of human medicine, veterinary medicine and environment still persist -even in the face of the One Health approach. Four clusters of authors emerged in the network (green: zoonoses and epidemiology; blue: biodiversity and ecohealth; purple: animal health, public health; red: policy-related disciplines). cache = ./cache/cord-303197-hpbh4o77.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303197-hpbh4o77.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304219-tmlatghe author = Ojha, Rashi title = Challenges faced by mental health providers and patients during the coronavirus 2019 pandemic due to technological barriers date = 2020-06-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1502 sentences = 84 flesch = 42 summary = CONCLUSIONS: Based off data collected from experience in a public health system and literature review, we conclude that although the COVID-19 pandemic has initiated significant innovation to integrate technology for psychiatric care, this innovation is not equally accessible for vulnerable populations suffering from mental health disorders. J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f 3 Based off data collected from experience in a public health system and literature review, we conclude that although the COVID-19 pandemic has initiated significant innovation to integrate technology for psychiatric care, this innovation is not equally accessible for vulnerable populations suffering from mental health disorders. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the expeditious adoption of telemedicine, telepsychiatry and digital health interventions, but there are existing barriers to continue the utilization of these services. cache = ./cache/cord-304219-tmlatghe.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304219-tmlatghe.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304510-sfhwaqfr author = Henssler, Jonathan title = Mental health effects of infection containment strategies: quarantine and isolation—a systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5306 sentences = 261 flesch = 35 summary = It has been suggested that vulnerable populations at risk for negative psychological outcomes before implementation of containment strategies, e.g. persons with mental illness, low income, or lack of social network, may be at particular greater risk during and after quarantine or isolation [4] . We, therefore, conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of the mental health effects of quarantine and isolation, based on controlled primary study data. For isolated/quarantined individuals, dissatisfaction with containment measures, supply, or the relationship to healthcare-personnel was associated with higher levels of anxiety and anger [13] , stress-related disorders/PTSD (2 studies [8, 14] ) and lower general mental health [8] . Large groups of the general population may be affected, but individuals who are already facing psychosocial adversities before quarantine or isolation (including persons with low income, lack of social networks, or mental health problems) appear to be among those vulnerable groups at greatest risk for negative psychological outcomes. cache = ./cache/cord-304510-sfhwaqfr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304510-sfhwaqfr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304016-4o2bpedp author = Hanage, William P. title = COVID-19: US federal accountability for entry, spread, and inequities—lessons for the future date = 2020-11-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5701 sentences = 249 flesch = 49 summary = In this article we assess the impact of missteps by the Federal Government in three specific areas: the introduction of the virus to the US and the establishment of community transmission; the lack of national COVID-19 workplace standards and enforcement, and lack of personal protective equipment (PPE) for workplaces as represented by complaints to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) which we find are correlated with deaths 16 days later (ρ = 0.83); and the total excess deaths in 2020 to date already total more than 230,000, while COVID-19 mortality rates exhibit severe—and rising—inequities in race/ethnicity, including among working age adults. Finally, despite the initial federal failure to report COVID-19 data by race/ethnicity [6] , a combination of specific studies, state reporting, investigative journalism, and data trackers has revealed that a persistent feature of the pandemic has been the existence of racial/ethnic inequities in cases, hospitalizations, and mortality, especially with regard to increased risk among US Black, Latinx, and American Indian/Alaska Native populations compared to the US white non-Hispanic population [3-5, 7, 8, 69, 70] . cache = ./cache/cord-304016-4o2bpedp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304016-4o2bpedp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305338-6sidqomd author = Fu, Minghui title = Effects of public health policies on the health status and medical service utilization of Chinese internal migrants date = 2020-04-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5928 sentences = 312 flesch = 54 summary = 2 Besides, the combination of the individual-level "China Migrants Dynamic Survey" (CMDS) data and city-level statistical data facilitates a better understanding of the effects of public health policies on the health welfare of internal migrants, who have enormous difficulties in accessing to those services before the implementation of this program (Gao, Yang, & Li, 2012; Kinnan et al., 2018; Meng, 2012) . In this study, based on the individual-level data from CMDS and the city-level statistical data, we comprehensively evaluate the effects of EHFPSM implementation on the internal migrants' basic public health service coverage and health status, as well as the spillover effect on their medical service utilization during 2013-2014 by combining the methods of PSM and DID. This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of the effects of the EHFPSM on internal migrants' basic public health service coverage, health status and medical service utilization based on CMDS data and city-level statistic indicators. cache = ./cache/cord-305338-6sidqomd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305338-6sidqomd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306865-36v9f1yz author = Sobers-Grannum, Natasha title = Response to the challenges of pandemic H1N1 in a small island state: the Barbadian experience date = 2010-12-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3937 sentences = 178 flesch = 50 summary = BACKGROUND: Having been overwhelmed by the complexity of the response needed for the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic, public health professionals in the small island state of Barbados put various measures in place to improve its response in the event of a pandemic METHODS: Data for this study was collected using Barbados' National Influenza Surveillance System, which was revitalized in 2007. Data for this study was collected using Barbados' National Infl uenza Surveillance System which is comprised of ten sentinel sites, responsible for sending weekly notifi cations to the Ministry of Health of ARI and SARI. In April 2009, after the announcement by the WHO that the world had entered pandemic phase fi ve, an enhanced testing strategy was introduced and all primary health care facilities, both private and public, were asked to take nasopharyngeal swabs from all persons who presented with fever (>38ºC) with respiratory symptoms and a travel history to an aff ected area. cache = ./cache/cord-306865-36v9f1yz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306865-36v9f1yz.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303933-vb3hygtv author = Elder, Laurent title = Past, present and future: experiences and lessons from telehealth projects date = 2007-12-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2946 sentences = 118 flesch = 42 summary = Information communications technology has been a focus of the work of the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) since 1970, when this organization was formed in Canada with the goal of helping to improve the health of people in developing countries (http://www.idrc.ca). These efforts were quite typical of activities that focused on health and on information and communica-tions technology (ICT) at the time: overly ambitious, lacking in adequate capacity and planning, but spurred by the drive and determination of project proponents, who went on to use their experiences to become champions of telehealth in their countries. In Indonesia, the Development of ICT-based Telemedicine System for Primary Community Health Care in Indonesia project used existing Internet technology to enhance PC-based medical stations and pilot-tested a telemedicine application. However, the fast pace of innovation in both ICTs and health research means that there is also a need to develop, implement and evaluate new applications, particularly in the area of demographic surveillance of disease incidence and medical compliance, using new technologies such as mobile phones. cache = ./cache/cord-303933-vb3hygtv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303933-vb3hygtv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303700-rrwy3osd author = Neiderud, Carl-Johan title = How urbanization affects the epidemiology of emerging infectious diseases date = 2015-06-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7085 sentences = 357 flesch = 51 summary = The lack of a universal definition makes it hard to compare different countries and cities in regard to public health and the burden and impact of infectious diseases (4) . Many of the lower income countries are expected to have a major growth among the urban population, which leads to considerable challenges for the governments and health care to keep up to pace and develop their social services and health care as these regions grow. The environment in urban cities has proven to be favourable for the rat population (Rattus spp.) and close encounters between rats and humans can lead to transmission of zoonotic infectious diseases. LF still has its major impact in rural settings, but the increasing urbanization in the developing world has made LF an infectious disease that also has to be considered elsewhere. cache = ./cache/cord-303700-rrwy3osd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303700-rrwy3osd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305906-a2srympy author = Haines, Andy title = National UK programme of community health workers for COVID-19 response date = 2020-03-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2013 sentences = 108 flesch = 50 summary = We propose a largescale emergency programme to train community health workers (CHWs) to support people in their homes, initially the most vulnerable but with potential to provide a longterm model of care in the UK. Experience from Brazil, Pakistan, Ethiopia, and other nations shows how a coordinated community workforce can provide effective health and social care support at scale. CHWs could undertake regular review of vulnerable people at home in person or virtually, depending on need, and when patients become ill CHWs could undertake simple assessment of the need for more advanced care, reporting to other members of the primary care team, including to the COVID19 Health Management Team that is being commissioned. CHWs in Brazil have been established for many years, are well integrated into their communities, and provide a wide range of health and social care support activities to each of the 100-150 households that they are responsible for. cache = ./cache/cord-305906-a2srympy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305906-a2srympy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306112-wqqfpr4g author = Yilmaz, Ozge title = Brief report: International perspectives on the pediatric COVID‐19 experience date = 2020-05-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 783 sentences = 49 flesch = 46 summary = authors: Yilmaz, Ozge; Gochicoa‐Rangel, Laura; Blau, Hannah; Epaud, Ralph; Lands, Larry C.; Lombardi, Enrico; Moore, Paul E.; Stein, Renato T.; Wong, Gary W. On 31 March 2020 the International Committee of the American Thoracic Society Pediatrics Assembly recorded an online podcast, during which pediatric pulmonologists worldwide shared their experience on the novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) in children. This manuscript summarizes the common themes of the podcast which centered around three main topics: more benign clinical disease and progression in pediatric cases compared to adults, a strong need for strategies to protect health care workers, and social or economic disparities as a barrier to successful pandemic control. The common themes of the podcast centered around three main topics: more benign clinical disease and progression in pediatric cases compared with adults, a strong need for strategies to protect health care workers, and social or economic disparities as a barrier to successful pandemic control. Infection prevention and control during health care when novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection is suspected cache = ./cache/cord-306112-wqqfpr4g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306112-wqqfpr4g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304157-u0mlee6u author = Nyasulu, Juliet title = The effects of coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on the South African health system: A call to maintain essential health services date = 2020-07-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4420 sentences = 241 flesch = 47 summary = Our approach advocates for close collaboration between essential services and COVID-19 teams to identify priorities, restructure essential services to accommodate physical distancing, promote task shifting at primary level, optimise the use of mobile/web-based technologies for service delivery/training/monitoring and involve private sector and non-health departments to increase management capacity. Our approach advocates for close collaboration between essential services and COVID-19 teams to identify priorities, restructure essential services to accommodate physical distancing, promote task shifting at primary level, optimise the use of mobile/web-based technologies for service delivery/training/monitoring and involve private sector and nonhealth departments to increase management capacity. 18, 19 This article looks at the possible effects of COVID-19 pandemic on the South African health system and proposes possible solutions to maintain the delivery of essential health services whilst fighting the pandemic, with a specific focus on HIV and EPI. Using the documented existing service delivery gaps, we analysed EPI and HIV programmes as examples of priority essential health services to be maintained by South Africa during this emergency period. cache = ./cache/cord-304157-u0mlee6u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304157-u0mlee6u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305660-kvxa6lq0 author = Byock, Ira title = Heroism and Hypocrisy: Seeing Our Reflection with 2020 Vision date = 2020-11-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1548 sentences = 110 flesch = 63 summary = In the ''no margin, no mission'' mindset of America's health care culture, leaders believe they cannot afford to pay a living wage to all employees, that doing so would decrease their company's EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization), damage stock prices and risk lowering their bond ratings. Boards of directors of health care companies, including both for-profit and not-for-profit entities, must require that all workers are paid a living wage and treated fairly, regardless of the opinion of the market or bond rating agencies. Each company's diversity, equity, and inclusion policy should mandate transparent public reporting of direct care workers' median wages, benefits, and annual turnover rates, along with the proportion of part-time to full-time employees. There is an H word for health care company leaders who call their frontline caregivers heroes, while neglecting to protect their health or pay them a living wage: Hypocrites. cache = ./cache/cord-305660-kvxa6lq0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305660-kvxa6lq0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304399-7t2mu13s author = Wynne, Keona Jeane title = Dying individuals and suffering populations: applying a population-level bioethics lens to palliative care in humanitarian contexts: before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 12082 sentences = 595 flesch = 45 summary = Many healthcare professionals, emergency services staff and humanitarian workers, as well as organisational leaders and policy-makers are shaken by powerlessness, guilt and fear from witnessing COVID-19 deaths which could have been avoided with better preparation; from being aware of the suffering and loneliness of those who are dying, while all available staff are needed to fight for the lives of those with higher chances of survival; or, with a growing likelihood, from contemplating decisions about withholding or withdrawing critical treatment because of severe resource limitations. Yet until the COVID-19 pandemic, these challenges were not openly discussed in the context of palliative care-including in the WHO guide which is our main focuseven if they were a way of life for many humanitarian and emergency workers and intuitively sensed by individuals external to the sectors. cache = ./cache/cord-304399-7t2mu13s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304399-7t2mu13s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306770-hjzlj8k3 author = Mick, Paul title = Aerosol-generating otolaryngology procedures and the need for enhanced PPE during the COVID-19 pandemic: a literature review date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6318 sentences = 332 flesch = 43 summary = During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, personal protective equipment (PPE) worn by health care workers is critical for reducing transmission of the infection in health care settings, particularly when aerosol-generating medical procedures (AGMP) are being performed. For example, Givi et al and the Canadian Society of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery [2] call for airborne precautions when performing AGMP on patients for whom the index of suspicion for COVID-19 infection is not high, whereas the World Health Organization, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control, and the Public Health Agency of Canada do not [3, 14, 15] . Measuring the level of aerosolized viral particles in rooms where AGMPs are being performed on patients with COVID-19 would provide indirect evidence of the degree to which these procedures put health care workers at risk of aerosolized transmission, and whether exposure concentration affects risk of infection and/or severity of disease. cache = ./cache/cord-306770-hjzlj8k3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306770-hjzlj8k3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309118-810fmd8e author = Burkle, Frederick M. title = Political Intrusions into the International Health Regulations Treaty and Its Impact on Management of Rapidly Emerging Zoonotic Pandemics: What History Tells Us date = 2020-04-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3812 sentences = 211 flesch = 49 summary = For a large number of health care providers world-wide, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is their first experience in population-based care. Gostin and Katz described wide-spread noncompliance to the IHR detailing multiple needed textual and operational reforms, emphasizing that WHO and the IHR "erred at multiple levels during the Ebola epidemic" and WHO failed "to mobilize adequate fiscal and human resources until the epidemic was spinning out of control." 3 In 2015, after the Ebola epidemic, I wrote "the intent of the legally binding Treaty to improve the capacity of all countries to detect, assess, notify, and respond to public health threats has shamefully lapsed," 4 and that global health security demanded both a stronger WHO and a stronger IHR treaty. The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) pandemic experience leads to only one solution: the WHO must be restructured from top to bottom to remove individual countries from health and public health assessment, decisions, and management. cache = ./cache/cord-309118-810fmd8e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309118-810fmd8e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308821-j4vylbhy author = Martin, R. title = The role of law in pandemic influenza preparedness in Europe date = 2009-03-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8243 sentences = 341 flesch = 47 summary = The individual nation states within Europe are signatories to the International Health Regulations 2005, but the capacity of states to undertake measures to control communicable disease is constrained by their obligations to comply with EU law. To assist in drawing together national responses to pandemic disease, the PHLawFlu project c was funded to develop public health law expertise across Europe, 2 and to examine the legal underpinning of pandemic disease preparedness across the EU and five further European states. In an attempt to identify the extent to which there is variation in public health legal powers and the consequences of such variation for public health in Europe, the PHLawFlu project is examining the role of national laws in the control of and protection against pandemic human influenza across Europe. cache = ./cache/cord-308821-j4vylbhy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308821-j4vylbhy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301547-d4wt9dqp author = Seng, J. J. B. title = Pandemic related Health literacy - A Systematic Review of literature in COVID-19, SARS and MERS pandemics date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5400 sentences = 296 flesch = 49 summary = Study selection Studies which evaluated health literacy related to novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) or Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) Data extraction Data on the characteristics of study designs, instruments, participants and level of health literacy were collected. Keywords employed in the search strategy included terms related to health literacy as well as the viruses and syndromes implicated in the three coronavirus pandemics which were namely COVID-19, MERS and SARS. Studies which evaluated health literacy related to COVID-19, SARS or MERS among adult participants aged ≥ 18 years old from the general population, healthcare sectors and infected patients were included. Questions from instruments used across included studies were classified into three main themes, which were 1) knowledge, 2) attitudes and 3) practices, to help guide future development of standardised COVID-19 and pandemic health literacy tools. cache = ./cache/cord-301547-d4wt9dqp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301547-d4wt9dqp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310555-nhnhst3f author = Morgan, Randall C. title = On Answering the Call to Action for COVID-19: Continuing a Bold Legacy of Health Advocacy date = 2020-07-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3471 sentences = 154 flesch = 41 summary = The indelible impacts on our nation from the Coronavirus pandemic along with high fatality rates that disproportionately burden racial and ethnic minorities necessitate long-term coordinated federal, state and local action to improve critical determinants of population health, specifically important health and public health infrastructures as well as emergency and disaster preparedness systems. 22 The 3-year initiative seeks to develop and coordinate a strategic and structured information network of national, state/territorial/tribal and local public and community-based organizations who will mitigate the impacts by 1 : improving the reach of COVID-19-related public health messaging 2 ; increasing connection to healthcare and social services 3 ; decreasing disparities in COVID-19 testing and vaccination rates; and 4 enhancing capacity and infrastructure to support response, recovery, and resilience. cache = ./cache/cord-310555-nhnhst3f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310555-nhnhst3f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309705-el5rembl author = Dantés, Héctor Gómez title = Prevention and control of Aedes transmitted infections in the post-pandemic scenario of COVID-19: challenges and opportunities for the region of the Americas date = 2020-08-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2688 sentences = 118 flesch = 37 summary = The occurrence of arboviral diseases with COVID-19 in the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region presents challenges and opportunities for strengthening health services, surveillance and control programs. The fear of contagion by COVID-19 is constraining people with arboviral diseases to search for care which can lead to an increase in serious cases and could disrupt the operation of vector-control programs due to the reluctance of residents to open their doors to health personnel. Despite having limited information on the direct impact on human health of the interaction of arboviral diseases with COVID-19, (12) it is essential that all efforts be made to protect populations at risk (13) since Aedes-transmitted diseases (ATDs) mainly affect vulnerable populations living in poor urban or rural areas and in houses with limited access to sewerage and drinking water services. Given the emergence of COVID-19, it is essential that countries commit to supporting this Plan of Action and strengthen their surveillance and control programs in an integrated way where new epidemiological circumstances are seen as challenges and opportunities and much less as disbeliefs or limitations. cache = ./cache/cord-309705-el5rembl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309705-el5rembl.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304280-2a84u4tm author = Masic, Izet title = Public Health Aspects of COVID-19 Infection with Focus on Cardiovascular Diseases date = 2020-03-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4693 sentences = 196 flesch = 43 summary = METHODS: We used method of descriptive analysis of the published papers with described studies about Corona virus connected with CVD, and, also, Guidelines proposed by World Health Organization (WHO) and European Society of Cardiology (ESC), and some other international associations which are included in global fighting against COVID-19 infection. Early COVID-19 case reports suggest that patients with underlying conditions are at higher risk for complications or mortality -up to 50% of hospitalized patients have a chronic medical illness (40% cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease). The clinical effects of pneumonia have been linked to increased risk of CVD up to 10-year follow-up (11) and it is likely that cases infected via respiratory virus outbreaks will experience similar adverse outcomes. The European Medicines Agency (EMA) has issued a statement advising that patients continue treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), despite widely circulated reports that the agents could worsen coronavirus disease (20) . cache = ./cache/cord-304280-2a84u4tm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304280-2a84u4tm.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308645-5fghudac author = Qoronfleh, M. Walid title = Health is a political choice: why conduct healthcare research? Value, importance and outcomes to policy makers date = 2020-07-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4480 sentences = 213 flesch = 45 summary = In short, the discussion highlights the following: i) health is a human right marching towards universal health care, with research underpinning every advance in health care and quality medical services; ii) evidence-based research is emerging as a critical tool to aid policyand decision-makers; iii) investment necessity in healthcare research/systems to enable responding to a country's national health priorities and to strengthen public health policies; and iv) need for multi-sectoral involvement of stakeholders to bridge the gap between research and politics. Priority areas include the development of an integrated model of high-quality care and service delivery for the State of Qatar; enhanced health promotion and disease prevention; enhanced health protection; health integrated across the country in all policies; and establishing effective systems of health governance and leadership. Qatar's National Health Strategy, 2018-2022, highlights the need for creating quality, care delivery infrastructureso-called "high-value health systems"to enable such improvements in patient access, affordability, and outcomes. cache = ./cache/cord-308645-5fghudac.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308645-5fghudac.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307038-c58mzcu9 author = Shukla, Nagesh title = A Review of Models Used for Investigating Barriers to Healthcare Access in Australia date = 2020-06-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8790 sentences = 427 flesch = 42 summary = This review study is an attempt to understand the various modeling approaches used by researchers to analyze diverse barriers related to specific disease types and the various areal distributions in the country. The study introduced a multilevel approach to assess area-level variation in colorectal cancer survival due to causative factors (disease stage, comorbidity, patient characteristics and healthcare access) and analyze their individual contribution to survival. Most of the studies used the line-of-sight method to measure distances to dental care instead of determining travel time as they focused on metropolitan regions with a focus on using geospatial tools to identify accessibility [13, 16] . Current research practice is lacking in various domains ranging from spatial accessibility techniques to the consideration of patient characteristics and the analysis of different disease types as well as studies concerning only rural/remote areas. cache = ./cache/cord-307038-c58mzcu9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307038-c58mzcu9.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304056-2bo0s0hz author = Lezotre, Pierre-Louis title = Part I State of Play and Review of Major Cooperation Initiatives date = 2014-12-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 64915 sentences = 2935 flesch = 38 summary = ▸ To maintain a forum for a constructive dialogue between regulatory authorities and the pharmaceutical industry on the real and perceived differences in the technical requirements for product registration in the EU, US, and Japan in order to ensure a more timely introduction of new medicinal products, and their availability to patients; ▸ To contribute to the protection of public health from an international perspective (added upon revision in 2000); ▸ To monitor and update harmonized technical requirements leading to a greater mutual acceptance of research and development data; ▸ To avoid divergent future requirements through harmonization of selected topics needed as a result of therapeutic advances and the development of new technologies for the production of medicinal products; ▸ To facilitate the adoption of new or improved technical research and development approaches which update or replace current practices, where these permit a more economical use of human, animal, and material resources, without compromising safety; ▸ To facilitate the dissemination and communication of information on harmonized guidelines and their use such as to encourage the implementation and integration of common standards. cache = ./cache/cord-304056-2bo0s0hz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304056-2bo0s0hz.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307303-9mzs5dl4 author = Barnett, Daniel J. title = The Application of the Haddon Matrix to Public Health Readiness and Response Planning date = 2005-02-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4303 sentences = 184 flesch = 44 summary = However, in practice, public health preparedness requires additional models and tools to provide a framework to better understand and prioritize emergency readiness and response needs, as well as to facilitate solutions; this is particularly true at the local health department level. By breaking a larger problem into smaller, more manageable components, the Haddon matrix provides a practical, efficient decisionmaking and planning tool that health department leaders can use to better understand current and emerging threats, perform vulnerability assessments, prioritize and allocate readiness and response resources, and maintain institutional agility in responding to an array of public health emergencies. Applying the Haddon matrix to the threat of a dirty bomb illustrates the value of this injury prevention model as a public health readiness and response tool, even when focusing exclusively on environmental issues. cache = ./cache/cord-307303-9mzs5dl4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307303-9mzs5dl4.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308376-un4ztqf4 author = Bakken, Suzanne title = Informatics is a critical strategy in combating the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1396 sentences = 64 flesch = 35 summary = The 4 COVID-19 articles highlighted in this editorial reflect the 5 domains identified in the health informatics practice analysis: foundational knowledge; enhancing health decision making, processes, and outcomes; health information systems; data governance, management, and analytics; and leadership, professionalism, strategy, and transformation, 8 as well as similar domains in the physician clinical informatics subspecialty practice analysis. This included the design and implementation of electronic health record (EHR)-based rapid screening processes, as well as expansion of system-level EHR documentation templates (eg, urgent care/emergency department screening or testing), clinical decision support (eg, isolation, who should be tested), reporting tools (eg, operational dashboard and tracking system for persons under investigation), and patient-facing technology (eg, video visits for outpatient encounters) related to COVID-19. In a Perspective, Turer et al, 3 from Vanderbilt University Medical Center, describe an approach they call electronic PPE (ePPE) within the context of emergent policy changes related to telemedicine and the Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act during the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-308376-un4ztqf4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308376-un4ztqf4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310556-ebh59adi author = Flett, Gordon L. title = Aging and Feeling Valued Versus Expendable During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond: a Review and Commentary of Why Mattering Is Fundamental to the Health and Well-Being of Older Adults date = 2020-06-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 14767 sentences = 645 flesch = 52 summary = This work has also resulted in the creation of the first measure of suicide ideation tailored specifically to the needs and lives of older people, the Geriatric Suicide Ideation Scale (Heisel and Flett 2006) , which assesses sociocultural and existential factors (i.e., its "Loss of Personal and Social Worth" and "Perceived Meaning in Life" subscales) in addition to thoughts and wishes to die and for suicide. cache = ./cache/cord-310556-ebh59adi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310556-ebh59adi.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310557-d33ll0ka author = Alotaibi, Badriah M. title = Strengthening health security at the Hajj mass gatherings: characteristics of the infectious diseases surveillance systems operational during the 2015 Hajj date = 2017-02-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4299 sentences = 194 flesch = 40 summary = Method: We reviewed documents, including guidelines and reports from the Saudi Ministry of Health's database, to describe the characteristics of the infectious diseases surveillance systems that were operational during the 2015 Hajj, highlighting best practices and gaps and proposing strategies for strengthening and improvement. During Hajj, enhanced indicator-based notifiable diseases surveillance systems complement the existing surveillance tool to ensure timely reporting of event information for appropriate action by public health officials. 10 The use of appropriate surveillance systems during mass gatherings ensures the timely collection, analysis and interpretation of health data for effective planning and response to infectious diseases threats. 14 Furthermore, there is need to sustain the enhanced surveillance system and other public health interventions at key locations in the Kingdom, including the points of entry, after the Hajj, as a prevention and control strategy for the international spread of diseases during other mass gatherings with international dimensions, principally the Umrah pilgrimage. cache = ./cache/cord-310557-d33ll0ka.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310557-d33ll0ka.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313229-5oc0lisi author = Abbott, Patricia A. title = Globalization and advances in information and communication technologies: The impact on nursing and health date = 2008-10-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6815 sentences = 343 flesch = 45 summary = ICT has opened new channels of communication, creating the beginnings of a global information society that will facilitate access to isolated areas where health needs are extreme and where nursing can contribute significantly to the achievement of "Health for All." The purpose of this article is to discuss the relationships between globalization, health, and ICT, and to illuminate opportunities for nursing in this flattening and increasingly interconnected world. Nursing leadership, creativity, advocacy, and experience are needed to provide stewardship for health ICT growth and application in the face of a complex, interconnected, and increasingly globalized world. Examples of success stories from a global perspective include: (1) advances in education and collaborative learning, (2) telenursing/ telehealth, (3) movement toward electronic health records (EHRs), (4) nursing knowledge management and knowledge generation. Interoperability from a global perspective requires international standards in many dimensions such as messaging, security, language, ethical information use, ICT management, and other areas-all of which impact nursing and EHRS. cache = ./cache/cord-313229-5oc0lisi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313229-5oc0lisi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311558-1y6z8qso author = Henry, Caitlin title = Palliative Space-Time: Expanding and Contracting Geographies of US Health Care date = 2020-09-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8232 sentences = 450 flesch = 59 summary = Developed out of research on the impacts of hospital restructuring on workers, patients, and communities, this paper aims to understand how health care financing, care needs for the ageing, and new geographies of health services are intertwined. I paired this news analysis with a review of secondary literature (primarily from health economics and public health) focusing on studies done since 1982 on the impacts of the prospective payment system on hospital financing and the use and cost effectiveness of hospice. Finally, I apply the idea of palliative space-time to these contradictory J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f changes, to reveal a death-focused logic at work in US health care today and consider what alternative possibilities exist. PST is useful for understanding the implications of those two legislative changes of the early 1980s: the callous palliative state of the health care system, with the care-full service of hospice. cache = ./cache/cord-311558-1y6z8qso.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311558-1y6z8qso.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311172-4uk2y206 author = Fischer, Benedikt title = Some notes on the use, concept and socio-political framing of ‘stigma’ focusing on an opioid-related public health crisis date = 2020-08-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4383 sentences = 165 flesch = 39 summary = Concretely, it is unclear how the remedial actions proposed will materially alleviate stigma process and impacts, especially given apparent gaps in the issues examined, including essential strategies – for example, reform of drug user criminalization as a fundamental element and driver of structural stigma for action that directly relate to the jurisdictions and privileged mandates of the report sources themselves as health and policy leaders. Luomo notes that research on stigma in the addiction realm is in its "infancy", and that even less is known on "how to reduce stigma in this area." [10] Two pre-eminent 'anti-stigma' manifests Both above-mentioned reports ascribe fundamental and sweeping cause-effect agency, as well as necessary remedial prescriptions to the phenomenon of 'stigma' as applied to the current public health crisis of substance/ opioid use in Canada. cache = ./cache/cord-311172-4uk2y206.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311172-4uk2y206.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315681-p3j8kt80 author = Wiley, Lindsay F title = Public Health Law and Science in the Community Mitigation Strategy for Covid-19 date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8183 sentences = 344 flesch = 48 summary = To mitigate the spread of Covid-19, federal, state, and local officials have exercised broad powers available to them under public health statutes and emergency declarations to close businesses and restrict the movement of individuals outside their homes. A court asked to address whether a public health agency has acted reasonably and without abusing its discretion need not simply defer to the expertise of the agency without requiring that the agency to identify and explain the logic the agency deployed to reach its conclusion that quarantine was appropriate." 97 The same is true of officials charged with developing emergency communicable disease control guidelines that, while technically voluntary, are likely to be relied on to enforce involuntary-and highly intrusive-measures by state and local governments. cache = ./cache/cord-315681-p3j8kt80.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315681-p3j8kt80.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314579-4nc4d05v author = Aylward, R Bruce title = Global health goals: lessons from the worldwide effort to eradicate poliomyelitis date = 2003-09-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4747 sentences = 286 flesch = 42 summary = 10, 11 In this paper, we assess the politics, production, financing, and economics of poliomyelitis eradication to identify lessons that might be relevant to the pursuit of other global health goals. Implementation of National Immunisation Days (NIDs) has been a huge challenge; in China and India, for example, about 80 million and 150 million children, respectively, were immunised in a few days-the achievement was repeated 1 month later, and then annually Global health goals: lessons from the worldwide effort to eradicate poliomyelitis The World Health Assembly resolution that launched the Global Polio Eradication Initiative stated that eradication should be pursued in ways that strengthened the delivery of primary health-care services in general and immunisation programmes in particular. In this review of the poliomyelitis eradication initiative, we have derived six lessons that could assist the planning and pursuit of worldwide health goals, whether global public goods for health or other health efforts in which international collective action might be warranted. cache = ./cache/cord-314579-4nc4d05v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314579-4nc4d05v.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315364-8eh55yt2 author = Stolldorf, Deonni title = Health Equity Research in Nursing and Midwifery: Time to Expand Our Work date = 2020-07-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7793 sentences = 407 flesch = 46 summary = In 2011, job satisfaction, Nurse Participation in Hospital Affairs, Nurse Foundations of Quality Care, Nurse Manager Leadership Support, Staff and Resource Adequacy, and Subscale Composite scores were significantly lower for respondents who indicated they were leaving for PPL reasons. Study Design: We used 2018 survey data with NFP supervisors that assessed agency-level collaboration, as measured by relational coordination and structural integration with nine community provider types (including obstetrics care, substance use treatment, and child welfare). Authors: Jane Bolin, Jodie Gary, Cynthia Weston, Nancy Downing, Allison Pittman, Cherrie Pullium Objective: The goal of this mixed methods study was to conduct both quantitative and qualitative research with dissemination to community partners toward forming a united regional consortium focused on increasing access to opioid use disorder (OUD) prevention, treatment, and recovery, ultimately improving the health and wellbeing of children and families. cache = ./cache/cord-315364-8eh55yt2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315364-8eh55yt2.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316878-zemaygnt author = Johnson, Stephanie B. title = Advancing Global Health Equity in the COVID-19 Response: Beyond Solidarity date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2634 sentences = 132 flesch = 46 summary = This paper argues that achieving global health equity in the context of COVID-19 will require that notions of reciprocity and relational equity are introduced to the response. Global coordinated efforts in response to COVID-19 led by international organizations such as UNICEF and the World Health Organization (WHO) have attempted to integrate notions of global "solidarity" into practice and policy. It will help countries expand their health-care capacity and mitigate its social impact." Similarly, the WHO publication Addressing Human Rights as Key to the COVID-19 Response sets out that [u] nder international human rights law, the obligations undertaken by State parties beyond their borders, i.e. to International Assistance and Cooperation are akin to their domestic obligations, not subsidiary or secondary in any way. cache = ./cache/cord-316878-zemaygnt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316878-zemaygnt.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313729-mydyc68y author = McDiarmid, Melissa A. title = Hazards of the Health Care Sector: Looking Beyond Infectious Disease date = 2014-11-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2949 sentences = 156 flesch = 47 summary = BACKGROUND: Possessing every hazard class, the health care sector poses significant health threats to its workforce in both high-resource settings and lowand middle-income countries (LMICs). 5 Although preventing exposure to infectious agents and musculoskeletal injuries resulting from patient lifting have been the primary focus of employee safety programs, the chemical hazards in health care have been more slowly recognized. 10 Bloodborne pathogens, which include viruses capable of causing hepatitis or HIV infections continue to threaten health workers in both high-resource areas and in LMICs. 17 In developing countries, 40% to 65% of hepatitis B (HBV) and C virus (HCV) infections in health care workers were attributed to percutaneous occupational exposure. 29 The basic occupational health approach to minimizing exposure to any workplace hazard uses a combination of protective industrial hygiene control methods that are applied in a specified order or hierarchy. cache = ./cache/cord-313729-mydyc68y.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313729-mydyc68y.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316972-5jtd5ytz author = Zhang, Wen-rui title = Mental Health and Psychosocial Problems of Medical Health Workers during the COVID-19 Epidemic in China date = 2020-04-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2832 sentences = 148 flesch = 48 summary = Mental health variables were assessed via the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), the Symptom Check List-revised (SCL-90-R), and the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), which included a 2-item anxiety scale and a 2-item depression scale (PHQ-2). Among medical health workers, having organic disease was an independent factor for insomnia, anxiety, depression, somatization, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (p < 0.05 or 0.01). Among nonmedical health workers, having organic disease was a risk factor for insomnia, depression, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (p < 0.01 or 0.05). Medical health workers during the COVID-19 epidemic had high prevalence rates of severe insomnia, anxiety, depression, somatization, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Our report found potential risk factors for medical health workers to develop insomnia, anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and somatization. Independent factors (i.e., currently having organic disease, living in rural areas, being at risk of contact with COVID-19 patients in hospitals, or being female) were common risk factors for insomnia, anxiety, depression, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms among medical health workers. cache = ./cache/cord-316972-5jtd5ytz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316972-5jtd5ytz.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317734-17lu319z author = Ennals, Richard title = A strategic health initiative: context for Coronavirus date = 2020-04-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1541 sentences = 78 flesch = 57 summary = The NHS has since suffered from government neglect, with funding failing to match needs, and hospitals not being equipped with the same level of technology that should be standard in other advanced countries. It has become regarded all too often as an optional expense, increasingly to be devolved to the individual or the "community", where the financial resources required for work with advanced technology are not available. The research community could benefit from the motivation of work in "advanced technology with a human face". We need a strategic focus for the next stage of development of an infant generation of technology, to the benefit of society in general: a Strategic Health Initiative. A way forward for advanced information technology: SHI-a strategic health initiative A way forward for advanced information technology: SHI-a strategic health initiative cache = ./cache/cord-317734-17lu319z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317734-17lu319z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315513-jw7131ye author = Méndez, Claudio A. title = The 2019 crisis in Chile: fundamental change needed, not just technical fixes to the health system date = 2020-08-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2706 sentences = 159 flesch = 56 summary = On 23 October, President Sebastián Piñera responded to growing demands with an "agenda social" (social agenda), measures to alleviate concerns about the health system including a ceiling on out-of-pocket spending, an insurance plan to cover drugs, and an agreement between the Central Nacional de Abastecimiento (National Centre for Supply) and the most important private drugstore companies to reduce the price of medicines for those who obtained health care from public providers [26] . Early analyses of implementation of the Plan AUGE, intended to improve access to facilities near peoples' homes, reduced waiting times, improved quality, and caps on co-payments (maximum 20% of the price and no more than one month's family income for the family in a year), reported a 30% an increase in use of health services for conditions such as type 2 diabetes and hypertension [33] and improved survival after acute myocardial infarctions [34] . cache = ./cache/cord-315513-jw7131ye.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315513-jw7131ye.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317441-tnde2jp5 author = Jewell, Jennifer S title = Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States: Online Survey date = 2020-10-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4609 sentences = 266 flesch = 48 summary = The current pandemic is likely to be associated with similar mental health outcomes, as a result of potential exposure to stressors including loss of loved ones, economic hardship, social isolation, and childcare responsibilities following school and day care closures. Across numerous studies, social isolation has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality, with an increase in coronary heart disease, stroke, and poor mental health outcomes such as depression and anxiety [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] . The current study examines demographic differences in mental health and well-being outcomes and specific sources of concern that impact these outcomes among a US sample of 1083 adults surveyed between April 7 and June 1, 2020, immediately following business closures and movement restrictions. Based on a review of the limited literature specifically related to the COVID-19 pandemic, Rajkumar [24] found that older adults were at greater risk for mental health concerns [35] . cache = ./cache/cord-317441-tnde2jp5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317441-tnde2jp5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318004-r08k40ob author = Raina MacIntyre, C. title = Converging and emerging threats to health security date = 2017-11-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6376 sentences = 294 flesch = 38 summary = At a time when genetic engineering and synthetic biology contribute to increased risk of biological attacks, there is a need for new tools and risk analysis methods to rapidly identify unnatural epidemics. Multi-resistant organisms are emerging at much higher rates than seen previously, with urgent attention needed to mitigate a risk which is predicted in one report to be the greatest global burden of disease (Review on Antimicrobial Resistance 2016). This risk is heightened for megacities in developing countries in which serious gaps exist in public health surveillance for early detection of epidemic threats, together with inadequate critical infrastructure and other preparedness resources. 2014) , and using knowledge of prior bioterrorism attacks and natural disease outbreaks allow for a realistic proactive prediction of future threats before they are detected by the public health system. These examples illustrate the convergence of cybersecurity and health security and the need for more integrated approaches to prevention and mitigation of emerging risks in health care. cache = ./cache/cord-318004-r08k40ob.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318004-r08k40ob.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318701-f9j13fsc author = Chamboredon, P. title = COVID‐19 pandemic in France: health emergency experiences from the field date = 2020-06-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4674 sentences = 224 flesch = 51 summary = On 12 March 2020, when WHO declared the status of a pandemic concerning the novel coronavirus (WHO 2020e), crisis measures were taken by the President of the French Republic (2020a) and his government, to control the epidemic and manage the health situation, namely, the closure of the nurseries, schools and universities for users as of 16 March 2020 ; the introduction of short-time work hours for employees whose companies cannot carry out their activities and of teleworking for all employees who have this possibility of adjusting the exercise of their profession (Ministry of Solidarity & Health 2020c). The health context made it possible to create the first telecare procedure related to the management of patients with COVID-19 by home nurses during the period of the state of health emergency (High Authority of Health 2020; Prime Minister of the French Government 2020c). cache = ./cache/cord-318701-f9j13fsc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318701-f9j13fsc.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318407-uy0f7f2o author = Nara, Peter L. title = Perspectives on advancing preventative medicine through vaccinology at the comparative veterinary, human and conservation medicine interface: Not missing the opportunities date = 2008-11-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 12527 sentences = 501 flesch = 40 summary = For vaccination as a public health tool to have its greatest impacts in human and veterinary medicine, these great medical sciences will have to come together, policy-relevant science for sustainable conservation in developing and developed countries needs to become the norm and address poverty (including lack of basic health care) in communities affected by conservation, and to consider costs and benefits (perceived or not) affecting the well-being of all stakeholders, from the local to the multinational. For vaccination as a public health tool to have its greatest impacts in human and veterinary medicine, these great medical sciences will have to come together, policy-relevant science for sustainable conservation in developing and developed countries needs to become the norm and address poverty (including lack of basic health care) in communities affected by conservation, and to consider costs and benefits (perceived or not) affecting the well-being of all stakeholders, from the local to the multinational. cache = ./cache/cord-318407-uy0f7f2o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318407-uy0f7f2o.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316543-1tb2tkis author = Urooj, Uzma title = Expectations, Fears and Perceptions of doctors during Covid-19 Pandemic date = 2020-05-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2610 sentences = 177 flesch = 59 summary = OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to explore the expectations and fears faced by doctors during Covid-19 Pandemic. A questionnaire exploring expectations of doctors from administration and seniors as well as their fears while working during pandemic, was developed on Google survey Forms. This study was conducted to assess the perceptions, expectations and fears of doctors during the Covid-19 pandemic and identify the areas which need to be addressed. 16 Our health care workers expected seniors and peers to be more empathetic, cooperative, not to panic, show team work, role modelling and support. Another cross-sectional, survey-based study collected demographic data and mental health measurements from 1257 health care workers in 34 hospitals from January 29, 2020, to February 3, 2020, in China. Impact on Mental Health and Perceptions of Psychological Care among Medical and Nursing Staff in Wuhan during the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease Outbreak: A cross-sectional study cache = ./cache/cord-316543-1tb2tkis.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316543-1tb2tkis.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315991-uecdbanf author = Hughes, David title = The Australian Institute of Sport Framework for Rebooting Sport in a COVID-19 Environment date = 2020-05-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10311 sentences = 750 flesch = 55 summary = National Principles for Resumption of Sport were used as a guide in the development of 'the AIS Framework for Rebooting Sport in a COVID-19 Environment' (the AIS Framework); and based on current best evidence, and guidelines from the Australian Federal Government, extrapolated into the sporting context by specialists in sport and exercise medicine, infectious diseases and public health. The Australian Governor-General declared a 'human biosecurity emergency period' on 18 March 2020 190 in response to the risks posed by This empowered the Australian Government to make 191 a series of decisions including prohibition of cruise ships, travel bans (domestic and international), 192 limiting gatherings to two persons (with exceptions for people of the same household and other select 193 groups), and closing a range of indoor and outdoor public facilities. The detection of a positive COVID-19 case in a sporting or recreation club or organisation will result in a standard public health response, which could include quarantine of a whole team or large group, and close contacts, for the required period. cache = ./cache/cord-315991-uecdbanf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315991-uecdbanf.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320987-wyzmziiy author = Narla, Nirmala P. title = Agile Application of Digital Health Interventions during the COVID-19 Refugee Response date = 2020-10-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2886 sentences = 143 flesch = 38 summary = In a preliminary analysis of 200 Syrian refugee women, we found positive user feedback and uptake of an mhealth application to increase access to preventive maternal and child health services for Syrian refugees under temporary protection in Turkey. We propose that mhealth interventions can provide an innovative, cost-effective, and user-friendly approach to access the dynamic needs of refugees and other displaced populations, particularly during an emerging infectious disease outbreak. We propose that mhealth interventions can provide an innovative, cost-effective, and user-friendly approach to access the dynamic needs of refugees and other displaced populations, particularly during an emerging infectious disease outbreak. As infectious disease outbreaks exacerbate pre-existing health disparities, particularly among maternal, child, and refugee health, mHealth can be used to increase access to education and outreach for these doubly vulnerable populations [33] . cache = ./cache/cord-320987-wyzmziiy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320987-wyzmziiy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317795-689at1qx author = Bielicki, Julia A title = Monitoring approaches for health-care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-07-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4876 sentences = 213 flesch = 45 summary = One of the greatest risks to the health-care system is a high rate of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among health-care workers and the consequent lack of skilled staff to ensure a functioning local or regional response to the pandemic. 5 National and international recommendations for risk assessment and management of hospital health-care staff working with patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 are detailed and publicly available. Can rapidly deplete the workforce, particularly in cases of HCWs infected with SARS-CoV-2 exposing many colleagues or when there is uncontrolled community transmission, with HCWs exposed outside of the hospital; might not be relevant in settings where some level of PPE is universally recommended (eg, wearing surgical mask for all patient contacts) and there is high adherence to other IPC measures Specific recommendations for monitoring health-care workers for potential SARS-CoV-2 infection should be available for all staff who are expecting to see or currently managing patients with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-317795-689at1qx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317795-689at1qx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320542-ihsr7bhp author = Spanemberg, Juliana Cassol title = The impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the teaching of dentistry in Brazil date = 2020-08-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1875 sentences = 94 flesch = 43 summary = Then, the Ministry of Education authorized the replacement of on-going classroom subjects for remote classes in undergraduate courses using information and communication technology platforms. In view of these uncertainties, the organization of commissions of teachers, dental class councils, and the Brazilian Dental Education Association (ABENO), thought of a safe way for students and professors to return to undergraduate and graduate courses in Dentistry. Thus, as professionals of dental teaching institutions, we must be aware of new education models and new VR simulation technologies and consider them as a useful and complementary tool for our students, given the current world pandemic situation and future illnesses that may arise. Its effective and safe use for both students and patients is possibly one of the many changes that will allow remote learning during the COVID-19 pandemic and in the years that follow this event. Use of dentistry education web resources during pandemic COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-320542-ihsr7bhp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320542-ihsr7bhp.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318452-t3aqcvu0 author = Carneiro, Vera Lúcia Alves title = Pos Covid-19 And The Portuguese National Eye Care System Challenge date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2776 sentences = 153 flesch = 48 summary = Abstract The pandemic of the severe acute respiratory syndrome disease caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), had profound impact in many countries and their health care systems. The identified limitations of the human, material and organizational resources of the Portuguese National Health Service (Serviço Nacional de Saúde) 12 and the alarming expectation of an eventual National Health Service over-running by a significant number of infected people, implied the suspension of all elective and non-urgent health activity, namely in the primary care level, scheduled hospital interventions and community care, 11 which adds to the decrease of the urgent and emergent activity care due to the fear of contagion felt by the patients. Providing primary eye care from the perspective of proximity and community would minimize the patient travel and waiting time to access the National Health Service, making it safer, more effective, and more efficient. cache = ./cache/cord-318452-t3aqcvu0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318452-t3aqcvu0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319672-su0uibmi author = Smith, Maxwell J. title = Ebola and Learning Lessons from Moral Failures: Who Cares about Ethics? date = 2015-10-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6934 sentences = 326 flesch = 47 summary = In this article we argue that, despite not being recognized as such, the vast majority of lessons proffered in this literature should be understood as ethical lessons stemming from moral failures, and that any improvements in future global public health emergency preparedness and response are in large part dependent on acknowledging this fact and adjusting priorities, policies and practices accordingly such that they align with values that better ensure these moral failures are not repeated and that new moral failures do not arise. In this article we argue that, despite not being recognized as such, the vast majority of lessons proffered in this literature should be understood as ethical lessons stemming from moral failures, and that any improvements in future global public health emergency preparedness and response are in large part dependent on acknowledging this fact and adjusting priorities, policies and practices accordingly such that they align with values that better ensure these moral failures are not repeated and that new moral failures do not arise. cache = ./cache/cord-319672-su0uibmi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319672-su0uibmi.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320610-5ayjudl9 author = Liu, Shuai title = Online mental health services in China during the COVID-19 outbreak date = 2020-02-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 679 sentences = 30 flesch = 45 summary = In general, online mental health services being used for the COVID-19 epidemic are facilitating the development of Chinese public emergency interventions, and eventually could improve the quality and effectiveness of emergency interventions. To date, several types of online mental health services have been implemented widely for those in need during the outbreak in China. Firstly, as of Feb 8, 2020, 72 online mental health surveys associated with the COVID-19 outbreak could be searched for via the WeChat-based survey programme Questionnaire Star, which target different populations, including medical staff (23 of the surveys), patients with COVID-19 (one survey), students (18 surveys), the general population (nine surveys), and mixed populations (21 surveys); in Hubei province (five surveys), other provinces (15 surveys), all provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions (36 surveys), and unspecified areas of China (16 surveys). Secondly, online mental health education with communication programmes, such as WeChat, Weibo, and TikTok, has been widely used during the outbreak for medical staff and the public. cache = ./cache/cord-320610-5ayjudl9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320610-5ayjudl9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318063-bainw3d6 author = Haque, Mainul title = Health care-associated infections – an overview date = 2018-11-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8255 sentences = 534 flesch = 43 summary = Several studies suggest that simple infection-control procedures such as cleaning hands with an alcohol-based hand rub can help prevent HCAIs and save lives, reduce morbidity, and minimize health care costs. Health care-associated infections and prevention strategy About 68.6% of all bacterial isolates were resistant to cefuroxime used in the management of orthopedic SSIs. This study also found that diabetes mellitus, smoking, operations lasting more than 3 hours, the absence of antibiotic prophylaxis, and a history of previous surgery were positive risk factors associated with a significant upsurge in SSIs. 87 SSIs comprise at least 14%-22.2% of all HCAIs for abdominal surgery [88] [89] [90] and often lead to extended hospitalization and higher antimicrobial costs. Prevalence, incidence burden, and clinical impact of healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial resistance: a national prevalent cohort study in acute care hospitals in Greece cache = ./cache/cord-318063-bainw3d6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318063-bainw3d6.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319226-yvgvyif0 author = French, Jeff title = Key Guidelines in Developing a Pre-Emptive COVID-19 Vaccination Uptake Promotion Strategy date = 2020-08-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6355 sentences = 357 flesch = 40 summary = This paper makes the case for immediate planning for a COVID-19 vaccination uptake strategy in advance of vaccine availability for two reasons: first, the need to build a consensus about the order in which groups of the population will get access to the vaccine; second, to reduce any fear and concerns that exist in relation to vaccination and to create demand for vaccines. The paper explores key issues that relevant organizations must address and summarizes best practices that should be addressed when developing behavioral influence strategies to promote the uptake of COVID-19 vaccines effectively, efficiently, and ethically as they become available. Governments and their public health agencies need to develop a dialogue and joint strategy with social media platform providers to review and action against anti-vaccination misinformation and vaccine hesitancy promotion. Public health authorities need to build a proactive COVID-19 vaccine trust capacity for active engagement in the social media space as part of their overall promotional strategy [56] . cache = ./cache/cord-319226-yvgvyif0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319226-yvgvyif0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318565-52ynt4d3 author = Glynn, R. W. title = Ebola, Zika and the International Health Regulations – implications for Port Health Preparedness date = 2016-11-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2159 sentences = 95 flesch = 48 summary = This report reviews the legislative framework and actions taken under this framework in advancing and improving Port Health preparedness in Ireland, in response to the declaration of the Public Health Emergency of International Concern for Ebola Virus Disease in August 2014. CONCLUSIONS: The outbreak of Ebola Virus Disease in West Africa resulted in significant strengthening of Ireland's Port Health preparedness, while also highlighting the extent to which preparedness requires ongoing and sustained commitment from all stakeholders, both nationally and internationally, in ensuring that countries are ready when the next threat presents at their borders. Although the IHR are aimed at several areas of public health security they can be broadly summarized into two main areas; Urgent actions to be taken with respect to acutely arising risks to public health and Strengthening of national systems and infrastructure (core capacities) While Ireland has no direct flights from the affected countries in West Africa, a significant number of travelers who leave that area arrive in Ireland as their final destination. cache = ./cache/cord-318565-52ynt4d3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318565-52ynt4d3.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320344-z3l7dvyd author = Hotopf, Matthew title = The scope of mental health research during the COVID-19 pandemic and its aftermath date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2008 sentences = 93 flesch = 44 summary = We have already seen evidence of the pandemic having particularly adverse outcomes for people from Black and minority ethnic groupsthese differential effects on mental and physical health need to be better understood. It is unknown whether or how these changes in our lives will affect mental health, and therefore research to monitor self-harm and suicide and the prevalence of mental and substance use disorders in the general population and populations at particular risk is vital. 5 In understanding long-term outcomes for people with severe COVID-19 illness, it will be necessary to resolve whether any effect on mental health arises from the possible neurotropic action of the virus, a more general impact of the 'cytokine storm' that accompanies severe systemic infection, or the alarming experience of being mortally ill, as related to post-traumatic stress reactions. If research is to address the diverse challenges to mental health of the COVID-19 pandemic, several conditions need to be met. Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: a call for action for mental health science cache = ./cache/cord-320344-z3l7dvyd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320344-z3l7dvyd.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321299-h6pcatvx author = Hanson, Claudia title = Health system redesign for equity in maternal and newborn health must be codesigned, country led, adapted to context and fit for purpose date = 2020-10-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2238 sentences = 112 flesch = 54 summary = 2 The authors suggest that all childbirth care services should be moved to hospitals in all countries, combined with improvements in (1) the quality of care provided in these facilities; (2) transportation from home to hospital; and (3) continuity of care through hub-and-spoke arrangements. First, Roder-DeWan and colleagues propose that the present strategy of promoting childbirth care in primary health facilities may be the primary reason for improvements in maternal and newborn survival being less than anticipated. 19 However, midwifery-led birthing facilities equipped with functioning ambulance able to make transfers to a hospital with caesarean section services may be a less BMJ Global Health complex and more flexible approach; more responsive to the needs of women and their families. Maternal and perinatal outcomes by planned place of birth among women with low-risk pregnancies in high-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis cache = ./cache/cord-321299-h6pcatvx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321299-h6pcatvx.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321548-9f77ksxi author = Smith, David Barton title = The Pandemic Challenge: End Separate and Unequal Healthcare date = 2020-04-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1176 sentences = 79 flesch = 57 summary = As the only developed nation that has failed to provide such protection and where a growing population of 27.9 million are uninsured and roughly an equal number have inadequate coverage that still makes essential care unaffordable, we face greater risks. The American Association of Labor Legislation (AALL) during World War I sponsored state legislation to provide health care to industrial workers supported by matching funds from the state, the employers and the employees that had the muted support of organized medicine's national leadership. 11 The Clinton Health Security Act of 1994, relying heavily on HMO contracting in the face of rising opposition to such arrangements from those with private insurance never had a chance. Perhaps this can lead organized medicine, a century long laggard in promoting universal care, to finally question the hollow rhetoric that has supported the status quo of Jim Crow healthcare. cache = ./cache/cord-321548-9f77ksxi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321548-9f77ksxi.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322511-hnvqvajx author = Speerin, Robyn title = Implementing models of care for musculoskeletal conditions in health systems to support value-based care date = 2020-07-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9092 sentences = 400 flesch = 35 summary = MoCs can support the quadruple aim of value-based care through providing people with musculoskeletal disease improved access to health services, better health outcomes and satisfactory experience of their healthcare; ensure the health professionals involved are experiencing satisfaction in delivering such care and health system resources are better utilised. MoCs can support the quadruple aim of value-based care through providing people with musculoskeletal disease improved access to health services, better health outcomes and satisfactory experience of their healthcare; ensure the health professionals involved are experiencing satisfaction in delivering such care and health system resources are better utilised. Implementing models of care to support value-based care When MoCs are developed as described in this paper and a quality improvement cycle is used, such as an established framework for evaluation [18] , they can provide clear evidence for health systems and policy-makers when making decisions regarding equitable use of resources that will optimise health system outcomes across the quadruple aim for value-based care. cache = ./cache/cord-322511-hnvqvajx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322511-hnvqvajx.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324231-nik7xizn author = Aitsi-Selmi, Amina title = Reducing risks to health and wellbeing at mass gatherings: the role of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction date = 2016-04-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2882 sentences = 127 flesch = 39 summary = The following actions with a public health focus are agreed in the Sendai Framework with local, national, regional, and global partners as relevant: ''Enhancing the resilience of national health systems through training and capacity development; strengthening the design and implementation of inclusive policies and social safety-net mechanisms, including access to basic health care services towards the eradication of poverty; finding durable solutions in the post-disaster phase to empower and assist people disproportionately affected by disasters, including those with life-threatening and chronic disease; enhancing cooperation between health authorities and other relevant stakeholders to strengthen country capacity for disaster risk management for health; the implementation of the International Health Regulations (2005) and the building of resilient health systems; improving the resilience of new and existing critical infrastructure, including hospitals, to ensure that they remain safe, effective and operational during and after disasters, to provide live-saving and essential services; establishing a mechanism of case registry and a database of mortality caused by disaster to improve the prevention of morbidity and mortality and enhancing recovery schemes to provide psychosocial support and mental health services for all people in need''. cache = ./cache/cord-324231-nik7xizn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324231-nik7xizn.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323466-r0n7448g author = Núñez, Ana title = Responding to Healthcare Disparities and Challenges With Access to Care During COVID-19 date = 2020-04-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8977 sentences = 516 flesch = 66 summary = The pandemic has shown that in addition to school-based nutrition, we need to think of additional systems to deliver child nutrition to the 20 + million children who live in poverty in the United States, especially in communities of color that have been marginalized and discriminated against for centuries, and experience high rates of poverty. My focus has been on mental health issues and how patients and families might feel abandoned, as well as how poor communication and lack of resources to attend to psychosocial needs are often overlooked in life-threatening illness, especially for marginalized patient populations and families. Although the Family First Coronavirus Response Act is a step forward, we need to engage communities to make it more of a reality for all Americans, because paid sick leave is something that is important not only during this pandemic, but it actually is a human right to be able to take care of one's health and the health of others during times of crisis and beyond. cache = ./cache/cord-323466-r0n7448g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323466-r0n7448g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322799-opf1qwgl author = Hiremath, Channabasavaraj Shivalingaiah title = IACTS guidelines: practice of cardiovascular and thoracic surgery in the COVID-19 era date = 2020-08-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3937 sentences = 251 flesch = 51 summary = Patients undergoing cardiovascular and thoracic procedures are at an accentuated risk of higher morbidity and mortality, which are a consequence of the proliferative nature of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on the lung vasculature, which in turn reflects as a cascading effect on the interdependent physiology of the cardiovascular and pulmonary organ systems. A patient with any acute respiratory illness and having been in contact with a confirmed or probable COVID-19 case in the last 14 days prior to symptom onset or C. However, as per Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, all hospital personnel handling COVID-19 cases are advised hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis. Testing recommendation for COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) in patients planned for surgery -continuing the service and 'suppressing' the pandemic COVID-19: elective case triage guidelines for surgical care (thoracic surgery COVID-19: elective cases triage guidelines for surgical care (vascular surgery cache = ./cache/cord-322799-opf1qwgl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322799-opf1qwgl.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322541-yzum868k author = Moon, Suerie title = Will Ebola change the game? Ten essential reforms before the next pandemic. The report of the Harvard-LSHTM Independent Panel on the Global Response to Ebola date = 2015-11-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 11743 sentences = 566 flesch = 41 summary = The west African Ebola epidemic that began in 2013 exposed deep inadequacies in the national and international institutions responsible for protecting the public from the far-reaching human, social, economic, and political consequences of infectious disease outbreaks. The 19 members come from academia, think tanks and civil society around the world, with expertise in Ebola, disease outbreaks, public and global health, international law, development and humanitarian assistance, and national and global governance. 64 In view of the severity of Ebola virus disease, rapid cross-border spread, weaknesses of the aff ected national health systems, the post-confl ict setting, 65 and repeated warnings from nongovernmental organisations in the region, 12 the Director-General had ample reason to raise international attention by convening the Emergency Committee or declaring a public health emergency of international concern earlier. cache = ./cache/cord-322541-yzum868k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322541-yzum868k.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323482-kk8iyavj author = Muller, Researcher Ashley Elizabeth title = The mental health impact of the covid-19 pandemic on healthcare workers, and interventions to help them: a rapid systematic review date = 2020-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5341 sentences = 282 flesch = 44 summary = We performed a rapid systematic review to identify, assess and summarize research on the mental health impact of the covid-19 pandemic on HCWs (healthcare workers). Our main aim was to perform an updated and more comprehensive rapid systematic review to identify, assess and summarize available research on the mental health impact of the covid-19 pandemic on healthcare workers, including a) changes over time, b) prevalence of mental health problems and risk/resilience factors, c) strategies and resources used by healthcare providers to protect their own mental health, d) perceived need and preferences for interventions, and e) healthcare workers' understandings of their own mental health during the pandemic. show the distribution of anxiety, depression, distress, and sleeping problems among the healthcare workers investigated in the 29 studies, using the authors' own methods of assessing these outcomes The most commonly reported protective factor associated with reduced risk of mental health problems was having social support 48 ,58 ,69 ,74 . cache = ./cache/cord-323482-kk8iyavj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323482-kk8iyavj.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324091-nljd2ok1 author = Gordon, Jennifer L. title = The psychological impact of fertility treatment suspensions during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4497 sentences = 263 flesch = 49 summary = PURPOSE: To examine the psychological impact of fertility treatment suspensions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic and to clarify psychosocial predictors of better or worse mental health. Participants completed a battery of questionnaires assessing depressive symptoms, perceived mental health impact, and change in quality of life related to treatment suspensions. Table 2 depicts the correlation between three personality traits (trait optimism, defensive pessimism, and intolerance of uncertainty) that were considered potentially relevant under the current circumstances, in relation to the overall change in quality of life and the mental health impact attributed to fertility treatment suspensions. The psychological impact of fertility treatment suspensions during the COVID-19 pandemic the final subscales are as follows: 1) avoidance, α = 0.82, 2) active coping, α = 0.71, 3) finding meaning, α = 0.72, 4) defensive pessimism, α = 0.66, 5) optimism, α = 0.80, 6) seek social support, α = 0.77, and 7) behavioural engagement, α = 0.67. cache = ./cache/cord-324091-nljd2ok1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324091-nljd2ok1.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323273-q53wf6au author = Olivia Li, Ji-Peng title = Digital technology, tele-medicine and artificial intelligence in ophthalmology: A global perspective date = 2020-09-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 13436 sentences = 775 flesch = 44 summary = These digital innovations include artificial intelligence (AI), 5th generation (5G) telecommunication networks and the Internet of Things (IoT), creating an inter-dependent ecosystem offering opportunities to develop new models of eye care addressing the challenges of COVID-19 and beyond. This article reviews how countries across the world have utilised these digital innovations to tackle diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, refractive error correction, cataract and other anterior segment disorders. Several advanced techniques that assess refractive error accurately have been 1432 developed, and Patients were found to be sufficiently motivated to report their symptoms at least 1598 once a month with a good correlation between the two dry eye questionnaires 1599 (r=0.67), underscoring the potential utility of a tele-health approach for monitoring telemedicine presents different challenges in comparison to screening. cache = ./cache/cord-323273-q53wf6au.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323273-q53wf6au.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323054-m8hkj1dm author = Schwartz, Rachel title = Addressing Postpandemic Clinician Mental Health: A Narrative Review and Conceptual Framework date = 2020-08-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4844 sentences = 214 flesch = 36 summary = In a narrative review of 96 articles addressing clinician mental health in COVID-19 and prior pandemics, 7 themes emerged: 1) the need for resilience and stress reduction training; 2) providing for clinicians' basic needs (food, drink, adequate rest, quarantine-appropriate housing, transportation, child care, personal protective equipment); 3) the importance of specialized training for pandemic-induced changes in job roles; 4) recognition and clear communication from leadership; 5) acknowledgment of and strategies for addressing moral injury; 6) the need for peer and social support interventions; and 7) normalization and provision of mental health support programs. Seven themes, and associated interventions, emerged from the literature (Figure) : 1) the need for resilience and stress reduction training; 2) providing for clinicians' basic needs (food, drink, adequate rest, quarantine-appropriate housing, transportation, child care, PPE); 3) the importance of specialized training for pandemic-induced changes in job roles; 4) recognition and clear communication from leadership; 5) acknowledgment of and strategies for addressing moral injury; 6) the need for peer and social support interventions and; 7) normalization and provision of mental health support programs. cache = ./cache/cord-323054-m8hkj1dm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323054-m8hkj1dm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327129-18693tng author = Wolpert, Miranda title = Prioritising global mental health: a photo paints a thousand words date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 777 sentences = 47 flesch = 69 summary = In December, 2019, when the Wellcome Photography Prize was launched, I wrote that I was "hoping for images that will help provide a more nuanced picture of how people live with, or recover from, mental health problems". Here, I will focus on a shortlisted entry that closely links to Wellcome's Mental Health strategic priority focus on identifying those "active ingredients" that really make a difference in addressing or managing anxiety and depression in young people worldwide. This work brings to life, in ways in which it is hard to do in words, the rich diversity of people's approaches to managing their own mental health in the context of "trauma, delusion and dreams". Many people shared elements of their mental health kits. We hope that they will help spark further discussion and exploration of what works for whom and why, so that we can all take one step closer to a world where no one is held back by mental health problems. cache = ./cache/cord-327129-18693tng.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327129-18693tng.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329498-nr9k7hf2 author = Lemke, Michael Kenneth title = Syndemic frameworks to understand the effects of COVID-19 on commercial driver stress, health, and safety date = 2020-05-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1794 sentences = 110 flesch = 43 summary = To gain a complete understanding of how the COVID-19 pandemic 5 will affect commercial driver stress, health, and safety over time, and to mitigate these impacts, 6 research and prevention efforts must be grounded in theoretical perspectives that contextualize 7 these impacts within the chronic stressors already endemic to profession, the historical and 8 ongoing forces that have induced them, and the potentially reinforcing nature of the resulting 9 afflictions. To gain a complete understanding of how the COVID-19 pandemic 5 will affect commercial driver stress, health, and safety over time, and to mitigate these impacts, 6 research and prevention efforts must be grounded in theoretical perspectives that contextualize 7 these impacts within the chronic stressors already endemic to profession, the historical and 8 ongoing forces that have induced them, and the potentially reinforcing nature of the resulting 9 afflictions. cache = ./cache/cord-329498-nr9k7hf2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329498-nr9k7hf2.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327592-8tqi958n author = Hunter, Anita title = Global health diplomacy: An integrative review of the literature and implications for nursing date = 2012-09-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4904 sentences = 194 flesch = 39 summary = The purpose of this article is to present an integrative review of literature on the concept of global health diplomacy and to identify implications of this emerging field for nursing education, practice, and research. Novotny and Adams (Novotny & Adams, 2007 ) defined global health diplomacy as "a political change activity that meets the dual goals of improving global health while maintaining and strengthening international relations abroad, particularly in conflict areas and resource-poor environments [and that] health diplomacy is not only the job of diplomats or health leaders in government structures, it is a professional practice that should inform any group or individual with responsibility to conduct research, service, programs, or direct international health assistance between donor and recipient institutions" (p. cache = ./cache/cord-327592-8tqi958n.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327592-8tqi958n.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326414-kq8gru3c author = Aryal, Shreyashi title = Maternal Mental Health in Nepal and its Prioritization During COVID-19 Pandemic: Missing the Obvious date = 2020-07-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 740 sentences = 41 flesch = 53 summary = title: Maternal Mental Health in Nepal and its Prioritization During COVID-19 Pandemic: Missing the Obvious Under-prioritization of womens' psychiatric issue at these times would be missing the obvious. Mental health in pregnancy and puerperium is not addressed to the extent of its necessity and this pandemic has increased the ever present gap in maternal mental health issues. Nepal has just above 57% institutional deliveries and this pandemic may force women to go back Screening for maternal mental health issues is a low priority in Nepal and addressing this issue should be a priority now than ever before. A liaison plan should be made with the involvement of mental health service providers to identify antenatal and postnatal psychiatric issues during hospital stay. Pregnancy and labor cannot wait and along with this comes mental health care. We need to make sure that these women go through a pleasant birth experience through the integration of physical and mental health. cache = ./cache/cord-326414-kq8gru3c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326414-kq8gru3c.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330276-qvmhuid3 author = Giorgi, Gabriele title = Addressing Risks: Mental Health, Work-Related Stress, and Occupational Disease Management to Enhance Well-Being 2019 date = 2020-06-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2301 sentences = 102 flesch = 39 summary = [1] , trauma and diseases related to stress and mental health that originate in the workplace may have a different pattern of development or require an organization-centered treatment approach, including field and intervention studies. With regard to promoting safe and secure working environments to create a decent work for all, some papers published in this special issue introduce advances in measuring psychosocial risk factors, mental health, and work-related issues. They found that ward type predicted the level of work arduousness beyond other factors such as age or gender, suggesting that trauma and diseases related to stress and mental health that originate in the workplace may have a different pattern of development or require an organizationcentered treatment approach that complements the personcentered approach derived from research conducted in clinical and psychiatric contexts. Addressing risks: mental health, work-related stress, and occupational disease management to enhance wellbeing cache = ./cache/cord-330276-qvmhuid3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330276-qvmhuid3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330454-jmd3wosy author = Rutten, Martine title = A comparative analysis of some policy options to reduce rationing in the UK's NHS: Lessons from a general equilibrium model incorporating positive health effects date = 2008-10-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7781 sentences = 335 flesch = 51 summary = The CGE model is calibrated to a purpose-built Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) for the UK for the year 2000 with considerable refinement in terms of sectors (distinguishing health care and its main input suppliers), factors (capital, skilled and unskilled labour) and household types (based on the age and labour market participation of household members). The effects on welfare of higher health provision come through two main channels: (a) the direct gain from increasing the "well-being" of the population, and (b) the indirect effects of an increase in the size of the effective (i.e., "able to work") endowments of skilled and unskilled labour for use in non-health activities. Using an applied CGE model for the UK, which in addition to the labour market effects also incorporates the direct impact of health provision on the "well-being" of the population, we have compared the nominally equivalent policies of increasing the NHS budget under the assumptions of mobile and health care-specific factors and the immigration of foreign skilled workers (doctors and nurses) at the current wage with one another. cache = ./cache/cord-330454-jmd3wosy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330454-jmd3wosy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327180-yw8rzrb7 author = Prateepko, Tapanan title = Patterns of perception toward influenza pandemic among the front-line responsible health personnel in southern Thailand: a Q methodology approach date = 2009-05-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3757 sentences = 207 flesch = 52 summary = title: Patterns of perception toward influenza pandemic among the front-line responsible health personnel in southern Thailand: a Q methodology approach Subjects were asked to rank 33 statements about various issues of influenza pandemic according to a pre-designed score sheet having a quasi-normal distribution on a continuous 9-point bipolar scale ranging from -4 for strongly disagree to +4 for strongly agree. The most conflicting area was vulnerability on the possible impacts of an influenza pandemic, having factor scores of high (3), low (-4), and neutral (0) for patterns I, II, and III, respectively. We identified three main patterns of health personnel in southern Thailand based on the perception toward a threat of an influenza pandemic. Perception of low level of severity and vulnerability or low levels of appraised threat of an influenza pandemic may inhibit motivation of health personnel to engage in protective behavior [27, 28] . cache = ./cache/cord-327180-yw8rzrb7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327180-yw8rzrb7.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325300-wawui0fd author = Tulchinsky, Theodore H. title = 4 Communicable Diseases date = 2000-12-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 31276 sentences = 1672 flesch = 47 summary = No less important are organized programs to promote self protection, case finding, and effective treatment of infections to stop their spread to other susceptible persons (e.g., HIV, sexually transmitted diseases, tuberculosis, malaria). Very great progress has been made in infectious disease control by clinical, public health, and societal means since 1900 in the industrialized countries and since the 1970s in the developing world. The WHO in 1998 has declared hepatitis prevention as a major public health crisis, with an estimated 170 million persons infected worldwide (1996) , stressing that this "silent epidemic" is being neglected and that screening of blood products is vital to reduce transmission of this disease as for HIu HCV is a major cause of chronic cirrhosis and liver cancer. Varicella vaccine is now recommended for routine immunization at age 12-18 months in the United States, with catch-up for children up to age 13 years and for occupationally exposed persons in health or child care settings. cache = ./cache/cord-325300-wawui0fd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325300-wawui0fd.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-329412-pzv4dzow author = Massaad, Elie title = Social Media Data Analytics on Telehealth During the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-04-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1655 sentences = 93 flesch = 48 summary = Methods: We inquired Twitter public data to access tweets related to telehealth from March 30, 2020 to April 6, 2020. The most common terms appearing alongside 'telehealth' were "covid", "health", "care", "services", "patients", and "pandemic". The geographic distribution of tweets related to telehealth and having a specific location within the United States (n=19,367) was significantly associated with the number of confirmed Covid-19 cases reported in each state (p<0.001). Our study aims to analyze the dynamics of social media data related to telehealth and understand the public activity to strategically optimize and accelerate the digital health transformation. The 10 most common words apart from "telehealth" that appeared in these tweets were "COVID", "health", "care", "services", "patients", "pandemic", "coronavirus", "healthcare", "access", "need". In this study, we retrieved and analyzed public data available on Twitter to investigate the rapid shift in telehealth adoption amidst the recent coronavirus Covid-19 pandemics. cache = ./cache/cord-329412-pzv4dzow.txt txt = ./txt/cord-329412-pzv4dzow.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326574-ke0iktly author = Chew, Alton Ming Kai title = Digital Health Solutions for Mental Health Disorders During COVID-19 date = 2020-09-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3760 sentences = 177 flesch = 34 summary = In the context of the ongoing pandemic, several potential applications of these tools have emerged, such as predicting outbreaks of COVID-19 based on historic travel data and public health capacity (22) . Direct potential applications of OHCs for patients at-risk of mental health disorders include lowering the barrier to access care and support for stigmatized illnesses such as anxiety and depression, by allowing patients to seek initial medical advice anonymously (43) . The pyramid base catering to the needs of the general population could include screening tools such as big data systems and/or OHCs to actively identify and/or engage at-risk individuals without pre-existing mental health disorders, as well as provide tele-support services to reduce risk of progression in patients with mental health disorders (49) . cache = ./cache/cord-326574-ke0iktly.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326574-ke0iktly.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331401-bhl729up author = Rantsios, A.T. title = Zoonoses date = 2015-09-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3338 sentences = 184 flesch = 42 summary = Risk Table 3 The most important zoonoses in terms of human health impact, livestock impact, amenability to agricultural interventions, severity of disease, and emergence Data from the WHO and authoritative literature: when there are several authoritative estimates, the midpoint is given. -Responsible services to systematically search for potential sources of human infection from animal sources and the environment -Joint efforts and coordination among public health authorities and related professionals, both public and private -Risk communication and information sharing among responsible health services and close coordination to manage risks related to the movement and trade of livestock -Concerted actions for ○ good practices in the efficient implementation of biosecurity measures in farms and at border or territory crossings; ○ continuously reminding and training people, who work with livestock and in slaughterhouses, for the significant importance of personal hygiene practices; ○ the implementation of the One Health concept Zoonotic diseases are strongly influenced by social and economic practices. cache = ./cache/cord-331401-bhl729up.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331401-bhl729up.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330180-lvn4hqk5 author = Rosenkötter, Nicole title = Twentieth anniversary of the European Union health mandate: taking stock of perceived achievements, failures and missed opportunities – a qualitative study date = 2013-11-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9164 sentences = 456 flesch = 52 summary = In this paper, we aim to explore and provide an overview of influential public health relevant EU-level policy outputs and a summary of policy outputs or actions perceived as an achievement, a failure or a missed opportunity by interviewing key experts in the field. The study was carried out in two consecutive phases: (1) qualitative interviews, suitable to identify expert perceptions, and (2) voting on influential and public health relevant EU policy outputs and actions based on nominal group technique. The third rank is shared by three policy outputs: the "Framework for action in the field of public health" [43] (n = 5) which is the Commission's first proposal setting out EU-level public health after the introduction of the health mandate in the Maastricht Treaty, the Council conclusions "Towards modern, responsive and sustainable health systems" [44] (n = 5), and the current over-arching European strategy "Europe 2020" [45] (n = 5). cache = ./cache/cord-330180-lvn4hqk5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330180-lvn4hqk5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327063-ea7a1xfl author = Dhama, Kuldeep title = SARS-CoV-2 jumping the species barrier: zoonotic lessons from SARS, MERS and recent advances to combat this pandemic virus date = 2020-08-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 11048 sentences = 600 flesch = 48 summary = The present review presents a comprehensive overview of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2, with emphasis on the role of animals and their jumping the cross-species barriers, experiences learned from SARSand MERS-CoVs, zoonotic links, and spillover events, transmission to humans and rapid spread, and highlights the new advances in diagnosis, vaccine and therapies, preventive and control measures, one health concept along with recent research developments to counter this pandemic disease. Further research exploring the SARS-CoV-2 associated zoonosis and mechanisms accounting for its initial transmission from animals to humans, will lead to sort out the spread of this virus as well as design and develop appropriate prevention and control strategies to counter COVID-19. The present comprehensive manuscript presents an overview on COVID-19, an emerging SARS-CoV-2 infectious disease while focusing mainly on the events and circumstantial evidences with regards to this virus jumping the species barriers, sharing a few lessons learned from SARS-and MERS-CoVs, zoonotic spillover events (zoonosis), acquiring transmission ability to infect humans, and adopting appropriate preventive and control measures [42] . cache = ./cache/cord-327063-ea7a1xfl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327063-ea7a1xfl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327976-pwe95zoi author = Singh, Dr Shweta title = Impact of COVID-19 and Lockdown on Mental Health of Children and Adolescents: A Narrative Review with Recommendations. date = 2020-08-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5022 sentences = 268 flesch = 48 summary = This paper is aimed at reviewing articles related to mental-health aspects of children and adolescents impacted by COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns. Aims: This paper is aimed at narratively reviewing various articles related to mental-health aspects of children and adolescents impacted by COVID-19 pandemic and enforcement of nationwide or regional lockdowns to prevent further spread of infection. Aims: This paper is aimed at narratively reviewing various articles related to mental-health aspects of children and adolescents impacted by COVID-19 pandemic and enforcement of nationwide or regional lockdowns to prevent further spread of infection. The following sections discuss about findings of studies on mental-health aspects of children and adolescents impacted by COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns being implemented at national or regional levels to prevent further spread of infection. Recommendations for ensuring mental well-being of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown and the role of parents, teachers, pediatricians, community volunteers, the health system and policy makers are being discussed. cache = ./cache/cord-327976-pwe95zoi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327976-pwe95zoi.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330512-nu8q72l9 author = Iskander, John title = Pandemic Influenza Planning, United States, 1978–2008 date = 2013-06-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4154 sentences = 205 flesch = 40 summary = After the emergence of a novel influenza virus of swine origin in 1976, national, state, and local US public health authorities began planning efforts to respond to future pandemics. Several events have since stimulated progress in public health emergency planning: the 1997 avian influenza A(H5N1) outbreak in Hong Kong, China; the 2001 anthrax attacks in the United States; the 2003 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome; and the 2003 reemergence of influenza A(H5N1) virus infection in humans. An influential policy review of the "swine flu affair" (i.e., the campaign to immunize the US population against a possible epidemic) identified several critical needs for future planning: 1) a more cautious approach to interpreting limited data and communicating risk to the public, 2) greater investment in research and preparedness, 3) clearer operational responsibilities within the federal government, 4) clear communication between planners at all levels of government, 5) strengthened local capacity for plan implementation, and 6) improved mechanisms for program evaluation (8) . cache = ./cache/cord-330512-nu8q72l9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330512-nu8q72l9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328888-qckn3lvx author = Cáceres, Sigfrido Burgos title = Global Health Security in an Era of Global Health Threats date = 2011-10-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1111 sentences = 69 flesch = 47 summary = For example, transboundary zoonotic diseases such as avian infl uenza (H5N1) infections affect animals and humans, thereby threatening health security worldwide because of their high death rates (≈60% in humans) (1) . This concern has provoked governments and international agencies to address health threats through a security rationale, which emphasizes the themes of national security, biosecurity, and human security. A public health security design that impinges on a global approach runs the risk of neglecting cultural, economic, ecologic, and social conditions on the ground. The momentum so far has created an open forum for decisionmakers to collaborate with the leading international agencies to advocate for surveillance, identifi cation, and control of zoonotic diseases to uphold global public health security (6). on their use of a school-based absenteeism surveillance system to compare daily all-causes absenteeism data against a historic baseline to detect outbreaks of infl uenza-like illness (ILI) as an adjunct to traditional disease reporting (1) . cache = ./cache/cord-328888-qckn3lvx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328888-qckn3lvx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330364-ye02hwhy author = Semenza, Jan C. title = Systemic resilience to cross‐border infectious disease threat events in Europe date = 2019-05-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2742 sentences = 137 flesch = 46 summary = With a longitudinal study we relate changes in national IHR core capacities to changes in cross‐border infectious disease threat events (IDTE) between 2010 and 2016, collected through epidemic intelligence at the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). With respect to specific IHR core capacities, an individual increase in national legislation, policy & financing; coordination and communication with relevant sectors; surveillance; response; preparedness; risk communication; human resource capacity; or laboratory capacity was associated with a significant decrease in cross‐border IDTE incidence. To prevent Public Health Emergencies of International Concern (PHEIC) that can be a threat to global health security, the IHR oblige all 'States Parties' to establish IHR core capacities (Table 1) to detect, assess, notify and report events, and to respond to public health risks and emergencies. cache = ./cache/cord-330364-ye02hwhy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330364-ye02hwhy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330737-6khv4kbj author = Cohen, Jennifer title = Contributing factors to personal protective equipment shortages during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-10-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5589 sentences = 256 flesch = 49 summary = Problems from a dysfunctional costing model in hospital operating systems were magnified by a very large demand shock triggered by acute need in healthcare and panicked marketplace behavior that depleted domestic PPE inventories. Removing the profit motive for purchasing PPE in hospital costing models and pursuing strategic industrial policy to reduce the US dependence on imported PPE will both help to better protect healthcare workers with adequate supplies of PPE. Since early 2020 the US has experienced a severe shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) needed by healthcare workers fighting the COVID-19 pandemic (Emanuel et al., 2020; Livingston, Desai, & Berkwits, 2020) . We now turn to our analysis of PPE shortages, which identifies on four contributing factors: the way that hospitals budget for PPE, domestic demand shocks, federal government failures, and disruptions to the global supply chain (Figure 2 ). cache = ./cache/cord-330737-6khv4kbj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330737-6khv4kbj.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331601-3w4c40qr author = Ojong, Nathanael title = The COVID-19 Pandemic and the Pathology of the Economic and Political Architecture in Cameroon date = 2020-06-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8028 sentences = 390 flesch = 55 summary = The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic started in December 2019 [1] , and on 31 December 2019, China informed the World Health Organisation (WHO) of numerous cases of pneumonia of unknown cause in Wuhan, a city of 11 million inhabitants [2] . That said, the goal of this review is to provide a deeper understanding of the factors that have contributed to weakening Cameroon's health sector over the years and to shed light on socio-economic and political factors that are currently restricting an effective response to the pandemic in the country. An independent local news agency in the country reported that some public health institutions in Douala required COVID-19 patients to cover their health care costs. Using Cameroon as a case study, I have examined the economic, political, and social forces that negatively affect the fight against COVID-19, and argue that the country's weak health care system makes it challenging to tackle the disease there as well as in other countries. cache = ./cache/cord-331601-3w4c40qr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331601-3w4c40qr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331568-h2ukbbom author = Correa, Humberto title = Why psychiatric treatment must not be neglected during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-04-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 631 sentences = 45 flesch = 53 summary = authors: Correa, Humberto; Malloy-Diniz, Leandro F.; da Silva, Antonio G. As highlighted by Silva et al., 3 these actions include behavioral measures to facilitate social distance, identifying cognitive mechanisms and decision styles that can increase risk exposure, as well as the mental health care of professionals who deal directly with the consequences of the pandemic. They also highlight the need for care and attention to particular groups (e.g., psychiatric patients), as well as actions that institutional health centers can implement to manage mental health during the pandemic. As pointed out by Zhu et al., 5 psychiatric hospitals must have a specific approach for dealing with segments of the population that need additional attention, including hospital resource management strategies, different types of mental health intervention, and guidance for the family members of COVID-19 victims. In this time of crisis, when effort is required in many areas, investing in the mental health of psychiatric patients and the general population is not a luxury. cache = ./cache/cord-331568-h2ukbbom.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331568-h2ukbbom.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332963-42hc9784 author = Sullivan, Lisa M title = Graduate public health education in the post-COVID-19 era date = 2020-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 620 sentences = 49 flesch = 51 summary = title: Graduate public health education in the post-COVID-19 era The recent Lancet Public Health editorial 1 cites education as the most modifiable social determinant of health, and in line with the Global Education Monitoring Report, is calling for more inclusive and integrated educational systems in the post-COVID-19 era. 1, 2 We agree and see an opportunity to redefine the role of graduate education to prepare the next generation of public health professionals. We previously articulated a vision for graduate public health education that is authentic, inclusive, flexible, ongoing, and reflective of changes in societal needs. New technologies support flexibility with chat functions that allow more reserved students to participate and break-out rooms to promote active learning. The successes of the moment, and the challenges that persist, point to three approaches that could be adopted towards better graduate public health education. cache = ./cache/cord-332963-42hc9784.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332963-42hc9784.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333467-de2aimuj author = Revere, Debra title = Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Communications with Health Care Providers: A Literature Review date = 2011-05-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3987 sentences = 194 flesch = 44 summary = We conducted a literature review to investigate the systems and tools used by public health to generate PHEPR communications to HCPs, and to identify specific characteristics of message delivery mechanisms and formats that may be associated with effective PHEPR communications. We conducted a systematic literature review to investigate the systems and tools used by public health to generate PHEPR communications to HCPs, and to identify specific characteristics of message delivery mechanisms and formats that may be associated with effective PHEPR communications. Overall, the final 31 articles contained information on the purpose of the system or tool (100%), location of the system (100%), public health organization or agency involved (100%), targeted HCP population (100%), and method(s) used by public health to communicate PHEPR messages to HCPs (100%). After conducting a systematic search, we identified 25 systems or tools currently being used to communicate PHEPR messages from public health to HCPs. Of the 9 systems that reported an evaluation, only 2 provided sufficient detail of methodology used. cache = ./cache/cord-333467-de2aimuj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333467-de2aimuj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332173-m38sr6oc author = Denburg, Avram E. title = Does moral reasoning influence public values for health care priority setting?: A population-based randomized stated preference survey date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7741 sentences = 390 flesch = 40 summary = Relatedly, a limited body of evidence points to the impact of embedded moral reasoning on attenuated public preference for the young, suggesting that deliberation on a range of ethical principles can influence stated preferences for allocating resources based on age (10) . In keeping with much of the prior literature on age-based resource allocation, we expected that control group participants would display an aggregate mean preference for allocation to children, particularly in scenarios where theoretical QALY gains were largest (i.e. cancer treatment and eating disorders therapy). We further hypothesized that participants in the intervention arm would display stronger aggregate preference for children across all the clinical scenarios tested, regardless of the duration of life years gained, as a result of their access to a varied palette of ethical principles by which to justify preferential allocation to children, including vulnerability, dependency, potential, and social distinction. cache = ./cache/cord-332173-m38sr6oc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332173-m38sr6oc.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330849-yt44k88m author = Han, Rachel H. title = Planning for Mental Health Needs During COVID-19 date = 2020-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5521 sentences = 262 flesch = 39 summary = The purpose of this article, written from the perspective of military medical planners, is to present available data on the prevalence of specific mental health concerns and conditions from previous recent pandemics and COVID-19, as well as to provide data-informed recommendations for meeting the psychological needs of affected individuals. A combination of the following keywords in the title and/or abstract was used in searches of literature on the Southeast Asian Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), H1N1 influenza (H1N1), Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), Ebola, and COVID-19 pandemics: mental health OR mental illness OR psychiatry OR psychology OR therapist OR PTSD OR posttraumatic OR post-traumatic stress disorder OR behavioral health OR anxiety [disorder] OR GAD OR depression/depressed OR complex grief AND data analysis OR statistic* OR prevalence OR percentage OR increase OR decrease. cache = ./cache/cord-330849-yt44k88m.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330849-yt44k88m.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334039-7nwq4vxk author = Russo, Giuliano title = Understanding nurses’ dual practice: a scoping review of what we know and what we still need to ask on nurses holding multiple jobs date = 2018-02-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5935 sentences = 274 flesch = 50 summary = BACKGROUND: Mounting evidence suggests that holding multiple concurrent jobs in public and private (dual practice) is common among health workers in lowas well as high-income countries. Its specific objectives are (1) to map out the existing literature on the subject, determining its prevalence and distribution across geographies, publication types (e.g. peer-reviewed, grey), and specific topics addressed; (2) summarise the evidence, perspectives, and specific contents addressed; and (3) propose an agenda to advance research and development activities to first identify and then mitigate any pervasive effects of nurses' dual practices to UHC, based on the scoping review results. The evidence available suggests that the consequences of this phenomenon are not negligible, particularly for the health of those nurses ending up working longer hours and hospital shifts because of their multiple commitments [39, 51] , but also for the organisation of public and private health services facing a more 'casual' and less-committed kind of workforce [21] . cache = ./cache/cord-334039-7nwq4vxk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334039-7nwq4vxk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332977-884z6qrq author = Ehrlich, Rodney title = Current Guidelines for Protecting Health Workers from Occupational Tuberculosis Are Necessary, but Not Sufficient: Towards a Comprehensive Occupational Health Approach date = 2020-06-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5196 sentences = 236 flesch = 39 summary = Barriers to IPC implementation vary with the study design and questions asked, but cover the whole gamut: lack of a national regulatory framework and associated budget; lack of management support; unfamiliarity of staff with IPC guidelines; failure to triage or screen patients; insufficient infrastructure and equipment, such as isolation spaces and personal protective equipment (PPE); deficient ventilation; inadequate staffing and training; poor functioning of infection control committees; and neglect of exposed non-clinical staff. A review across Botswana, Zambia, and South Africa of laws relevant to reduction of TB transmission adopted a systems view by focusing on regulations governing national legal and policy frameworks; facility design, construction, and use; patients' and health workers' rights; and research, as well as the monitoring of infection control measures and TB surveillance among health workers. Health Care Worker Perspectives on workplace safety, infection control and drug-resistant tuberculosis in a high burden HIV setting cache = ./cache/cord-332977-884z6qrq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332977-884z6qrq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334925-csy5fekx author = COHEN, ALAN B. title = Living in a Covid‐19 World date = 2020-06-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2359 sentences = 103 flesch = 44 summary = In two complementary Milbank Quarterly Perspectives, Nason Maani and Sandro Galea explore the long-term negative effects of the United States' failure to invest in the nation's infrastructure to address both population health and public health. In "COVID-19 and Underinvestment in the Health of the US Population," they identify the underlying conditions of the US population that have made Americans particularly susceptible to the spread of the virus, including inequitable socioeconomic conditions, long-entrenched racial and ethnic divides, poor treatment of marginalized populations, and a mismatch between health care needs and access to care. In a new Milbank Quarterly Perspective, Tsung-Mei Cheng draws upon the work of her late husband and health policy collaborator, Uwe Reinhardt, with particular attention to possible lessons for the United States from Germany's all-payer health care system. The authors identify multiple measures of context (factors to support effective academic-community collaboration), process (measures of group dynamics and trust), and outcomes (impacts such as benefits and challenges of CEnR participation). cache = ./cache/cord-334925-csy5fekx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334925-csy5fekx.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335839-wgdqu1s1 author = Singh, Meharban title = Pediatrics in 21(st) Century and Beyond date = 2016-08-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4423 sentences = 218 flesch = 47 summary = Availability of totipotent stem cells and developments in transplant technology are likely to revolutionize the management of a variety of hematologic cancers and life-threatening genetic disorders. Availability of totipotent stem cells and developments in transplant technology are likely to revolutionize the management of a variety of hematologic cancers and life-threatening genetic disorders. The availability of newer vaccines by recombinant technology for emerging infective and for non-infective lifestyle diseases is likely to improve survival and quality of life. The availability of newer vaccines by recombinant technology for emerging infective and for non-infective lifestyle diseases is likely to improve survival and quality of life. There is going to be a greater focus on the Bpatient^having the disease rather than Bdisease^per se by practicing holistic pediatrics by effective utilization of alternative or complementary strategies for health care. The concept of functional foods is being increasingly exploited to prevent illness, promote health and improve quality of life. cache = ./cache/cord-335839-wgdqu1s1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335839-wgdqu1s1.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333599-hl11ln2r author = Tulchinsky, Theodore H. title = Planning and Managing Health Systems date = 2014-10-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 19701 sentences = 839 flesch = 38 summary = Planning and management are changing in the era of the New Public Health with advances in prevention and treatment of disease, population health needs, innovative technologies such as genetic engineering, new immunizations that prevent cancers and infectious diseases, prevention of non-communicable diseases, environmental and nutritional health, and health promotion to reduce risk factors and improve healthful living for the individual and the community. Selection of the direction to be taken in organizing health services is usually based on a mix of factors, including the political view of the government, public opinion, and rational assessment of needs as indicated through epidemiological data, cost-benefit analysis, the experience of "good public health practice" from leading countries, and recommendations by expert groups. Health is a knowledge-based service industry, so that knowledge management and information technology are extremely important parts of the New Public Health, not only in patient care systems in hospitals, but also in public health delivery systems in the community, school, place of work, and home. cache = ./cache/cord-333599-hl11ln2r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333599-hl11ln2r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334109-9gv92yfh author = Cho, Hae-Wol title = Enemy at the Gate date = 2019-08-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 153 sentences = 19 flesch = 54 summary = key: cord-334109-9gv92yfh authors: Cho, Hae-Wol title: Enemy at the Gate date: 2019-08-17 journal: Osong Public Health Res Perspect DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2019.10.4.01 sha: doc_id: 334109 cord_uid: 9gv92yfh nan individuals at a higher risk of transmitting WFB communicable diseases as they may have come from areas where the population is living in a high-density, poor, social environment. In addition, medical care may be minimal, and access to safe drinking water and clean food may be limited. Providing improved essential information on good personal hygiene practices to international travelers from/to Korea maybe a simple and effective measure for minimizing the possibility of spreading WFB communicable diseases. World Health Organization. Guidelines for drinking-water quality World Health Organization [Internet]. Foodborne diseases Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Joint external evaluation of IHR cope capacities of the Republic of Korea Mission report Risk of Water and Food-Borne Communicable Diseases in Travelers Entering Korea cache = ./cache/cord-334109-9gv92yfh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334109-9gv92yfh.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336161-67pumvst author = Himmelstein, David U. title = The U.S. Health Care System on the Eve of the Covid-19 Epidemic: A Summary of Recent Evidence on Its Impaired Performance date = 2020-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3980 sentences = 223 flesch = 59 summary = Before the recession caused by the pandemic, tens of millions of Americans were unable to afford care, compromising their physical and financial health; deep-pocketed corporate interests were increasingly dominating the hospital industry and taking over physicians' practices; and insurers' profits hit record levels. 14 A new study finds that Veterans Health Administration (VA) patients, relative to Americans with non-VA coverage, are only about half as likely to skip a prescribed medication because of costs (6.1% vs 10.9% of others), despite VA patients having lower average incomes. A recent study indicates why the US advocacy organization Physicians for a National Health Program calls for Improved Medicare for All. Among seriously ill Medicare enrollees (i.e., those who have visited 3 or more physicians and been hospitalized at least twice in the past year), 53% had a serious problem paying a medical bill, 36% had used up all or most of their savings, 27% had been contacted by a collection agency, and 23% were unable to pay for basic necessities. cache = ./cache/cord-336161-67pumvst.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336161-67pumvst.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337120-irpm5g7g author = Lee, Bruce Y. title = The Role of Internists During Epidemics, Outbreaks, and Bioterrorist Attacks date = 2007-01-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3376 sentences = 208 flesch = 44 summary = Therefore, Internists must understand early warning signs of different bioterrorist and infectious agents, proper reporting channels and measures, various ways that they can assist the public health response, and roles of different local, state, and federal agencies. During the past half decade, well-publicized events, including the anthrax mail attacks, 1 Hurricane Katrina, 2 and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) 3, 4 have reminded us that epidemics, disease outbreaks, bioterrorist attacks, and natural disasters can occur. Therefore, Internists must understand early warning signs of bioterrorist and infectious agents, proper reporting channels and measures, and ways that they can help contain and treat the consequences of epidemics, outbreaks, and attacks. Internists suspecting an attack or epidemic should immediately inform the local or state health department and contain any possible threat in their clinics, especially if the agent is contagious. Bioterrorist attacks and epidemics require physicians to quickly transmit patient and case information to other health care personnel and appropriate authorities. cache = ./cache/cord-337120-irpm5g7g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337120-irpm5g7g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335166-60lfjfvs author = Hanney, Stephen R. title = How to strengthen a health research system: WHO’s review, whose literature and who is providing leadership? date = 2020-06-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8484 sentences = 352 flesch = 45 summary = There is increasing support for the engagement of stakeholders in setting the priorities for research as well as in research processes and translation [7, 38, 51, 58, 59] Adopt monitoring and evaluation tools that focus on the objectives of the NHRS, including health system improvement A range of documents, including ones on the NIHR [24] , HRB [60] and Rwandan strategies [14] , and the World Health Report 2013 [1] , demonstrate the importance of adopting monitoring and evaluation approaches that include a focus on assessing the impacts of research on health polices/practice and the economy, e.g. through application of the Payback Framework [60, 61] Develop/participate in partnerships across regions, bilaterally or within the NHRS Examples of progress made by partnerships between countries, sometimes along with international organisations and donors, include the WAHO interventions [5, 37, 53, 54] and the work of WHO regional offices for Africa [11, 26] implemented in practice within research organisations [74] and how evidence is used in decision-making in crisis zones [75] . cache = ./cache/cord-335166-60lfjfvs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335166-60lfjfvs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338390-v4ncshav author = Moghadas, Seyed M. title = Managing public health crises: the role of models in pandemic preparedness date = 2009-03-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3087 sentences = 135 flesch = 38 summary = 4 The workshop brought together public health experts, key decision makers, and infectious disease modelers to: (i) identify the strengths and weaknesses of mathematical models, and suggest ways to improve their predictive ability that will ultimately influence policy effectiveness; and (ii) provide an opportunity for the discussion of priority components of a pandemic plan and determine key parameters that affect policy decision making. These included evaluations and model predictions for antiviral strategies and their implications for drug stockpiling; the role of population contact networks in the emergence and spread of drug-resistance; targeting influenza vaccination at specific age groups; optimal control of pandemic outbreaks; and the usefulness of non-pharmaceutical interventions in disease mitigation. There are two major reasons underlying this evaluation: first, data are limited and prior to the emergence of a novel pandemic strain, it is not possible to study the epidemiological impact of disease or interventions in a real world environment; second, public health authorities would need to be prepared for all the likely scenarios that could influence the outcome of preparedness strategies. cache = ./cache/cord-338390-v4ncshav.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338390-v4ncshav.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336142-jmetfa6x author = MacDougall, Heather title = Toronto’s Health Department in Action: Influenza in 1918 and SARS in 2003 date = 2006-10-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10366 sentences = 520 flesch = 55 summary = This article compares the Toronto Health Department's role in controlling the 1918 influenza epidemic with its activities during the SARS outbreak in 2003 and concludes that local health departments are the foundation for successful disease containment, provided that there is effective coordination, communication, and capacity. 3 By comparing and contrasting the way in which public health authorities in Toronto managed the 1918 influenza pandemic and SARS in 2003, we can see how a century of medical advances had conditioned the public and health care professionals to expect prompt control of communicable diseases, speedy development of a prophylactic vaccine, and effective exchange of information at the provincial, national, and international levels. For Toronto's medical officer and its Local Board of Health (LBH), this presented a challenge, because influenza was not a reportable disease under the 1912 Ontario Public Health Act, and most doctors were hoping that the outbreak would be similar to the one in 1889-90 that had attacked primarily the elderly and apparently provided some immunity to those who survived. cache = ./cache/cord-336142-jmetfa6x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336142-jmetfa6x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339147-9v3anfbo author = nan title = Correction to: Oral cancer patients date = 2020-08-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 687 sentences = 42 flesch = 66 summary = as the dental care of hospital in-patients has long been a concern of mine. A large part of my work included pre-operative assessment and treatment of cardiothoracic patients and dealing with dental emergencies when they arose not just at Guy's but also at the associated hospitals and care homes in the Guy's group. Informal seminars were also given to nurses about the importance of the oral health of patients in their care. 2 In this time of enormous pressure on the NHS utilising the expertise of the dental team would help relieve the stresses on the hard-pressed medical and nursing staff engaged currently in their battle against COVID-19 and in the long term improve patient care without adding to the burden on the already over-stretched doctors and nurses. Dental care pathways for adult inpatients in an acute hospital: a five-year service evaluation cache = ./cache/cord-339147-9v3anfbo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339147-9v3anfbo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339310-efxh5grs author = Gostin, Lawrence O. title = Toward a Common Secure Future: Four Global Commissions in the Wake of Ebola date = 2016-05-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2993 sentences = 167 flesch = 42 summary = • Global leaders (e.g., United Nations, World Health Assembly, G7, and G20) should maintain continuous oversight of global health preparedness, and ensure effective implementation of the Ebola commissions' key recommendations, including sustainable and scalable financing. The IHR-the governing framework for managing infectious disease outbreaks-requires 196 States Parties to develop and maintain core health system capacities to detect, assess, report, and respond to potential public health emergencies of international concern (PHEIC) [9] . The Global Health Security Agenda (GHSA), a partnership initiated by the United States encompassing nearly 50 countries, which was set up to prevent, detect, and respond to future infectious disease outbreaks, could offer a model for strengthening health systems [12] . The commissions' reports reflecting on the Ebola epidemic echoed a crucial point made by the IHR Review Committee on the response to the H1N1 pandemic in its 2011 report-"the world is ill-prepared for a severe pandemic or for any similarly global, sustained and threatening public health emergency" [15] . cache = ./cache/cord-339310-efxh5grs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339310-efxh5grs.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338664-wvsc94qv author = Davalbhakta, S. title = Private Health Sector in India: Ready and willing, yet underutilized in the Covid-19 pandemic. date = 2020-06-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2653 sentences = 181 flesch = 58 summary = Not surprisingly, countries ahead of us on the pandemic curve have recognized the need to utilize all available healthcare resources, forging partnerships between public and private healthcare sectors. 15, 16 The present survey was conducted to explore the opinions and preparedness of healthcare workers (HCWs) in the private sector, on public-private partnerships (PPP) to provide a sustained, uninterrupted healthcare response in the face of the current pandemic. An online survey was conducted in April 2020, and a pre-tested, content validated questionnaire was circulated over WhatsApp® groups of healthcare professionals (doctors, nurses, technicians, students and administrators amounting to nearly 2000 individuals) in the private hospitals across India. In our e-survey assessing the opinions and readiness of HCWs in the private healthcare sector, we found that participants felt that they had not contributed enough and were positively inclined to participate in the pandemic response. cache = ./cache/cord-338664-wvsc94qv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338664-wvsc94qv.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335551-1qc5b8a9 author = Zachariah, Rony title = Investing in Operational Research Capacity Building for Front-Line Health Workers Strengthens Countries’ Resilience to Tackling the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-07-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2780 sentences = 136 flesch = 51 summary = title: Investing in Operational Research Capacity Building for Front-Line Health Workers Strengthens Countries' Resilience to Tackling the COVID-19 Pandemic "The operational research training I received from TDR and its partners has been invaluable as it has enabled me to transfer the skills I acquired while conducting research on Ebola to my current work on COVID-19"-Dr James Squire, Ministry of Health, Sierra Leone. SORT IT is a global partnership-based initiative led by TDR, The Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, and implemented with various partners including ministries of health, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and academic institutions [1] . Of those who responded, 417 from 72 countries were actively involved in the COVID-19 response and 307 (74%) from 60 countries were applying their skills acquired from SORT IT courses to tackle the pandemic ( Figure 2 ). cache = ./cache/cord-335551-1qc5b8a9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335551-1qc5b8a9.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339376-2dczotbh author = Everts, Jonathan title = Announcing Swine Flu and the Interpretation of Pandemic Anxiety date = 2012-07-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8359 sentences = 429 flesch = 56 summary = In that light, CDC' formal entanglement with global health security and its announcement of the H1N1 pandemic are interpreted, followed by an ethnographically informed focus on various people who were engaged in the H1N1 emergency response and their practices and practical struggles in the face of pandemic anxiety. Investigating CDC's H1N1 response may also shed light on the implications of a change in public health discourse, a change that made "emerging infectious diseases" a key concern for public health, the kernel of a new age of "pandemic anxiety" (Ingram 2008) . In the following, CDC's ways to work through the H1N1 pandemic are first contextualised within the emerging global health security regime and second analysed from a practice-based and ethnographic perspective. However, before the actual work that led to detecting H1N1 took place, pandemic anxiety and institutionalised heightened concerns had already worked their way through to CDC experts via global and national public health security recommendations and regulations and the announcements made by respective representatives. cache = ./cache/cord-339376-2dczotbh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339376-2dczotbh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337576-0dlthaqv author = Balajee, S. Arunmozhi title = Sustainable Model for Public Health Emergency Operations Centers for Global Settings date = 2017-12-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4121 sentences = 186 flesch = 40 summary = Public health Emergency Operations Centers (PHEOCs) can be epidemic intelligence hubs by 1) having the capacity to receive, analyze, and visualize multiple data streams, including surveillance and 2) maintaining a trained workforce that can analyze and interpret data from real-time emerging events. Public health Emergency Operations Centers (PHEOCs) can be epidemic intelligence hubs by 1) having the capacity to receive, analyze, and visualize multiple data streams, including surveillance and 2) maintaining a trained workforce that can analyze and interpret data from real-time emerging events. The fragmentary nature of the surveillance data available through diverse reporting sources impedes timely detection of outbreaks, making the creation of integrated data systems critical to the success of these PHEOCs. To help mitigate these challenges, the Vietnam Ministry of Health envisioned a network of PHEOCs that will be an interlinked system of information hubs, one at each regional institute. cache = ./cache/cord-337576-0dlthaqv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337576-0dlthaqv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339218-zobx4rw6 author = Gao, George F. title = For a better world: Biosafety strategies to protect global health date = 2019-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2291 sentences = 126 flesch = 45 summary = Due to globalization, biological threats have the potential to spread rapidly from one country to many others in a short amount of time, resulting in epidemics/pandemics, psychological trauma and economic and social breakdown [1] . Other epidemics included the emergence/re-emergence of H5N1 influenza (1997, 2003) [5, 6] , Vibrio cholerae in Haiti (2010), pandemic "swine flu" H1N1 (2009), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) (2012), Ebola virus disease in West Africa (2014), and Yersinia pestis in Madagascar (2017). Additionally, we also face the impact of emerging plant and animal diseases on agricultural production (the most recent being African Swine Fever virus in China), which have world-wide implications despite not posing a direct threat to human health. The proper and timely sharing of biosafety achievements, including infectious diseases prevention and control, AMR, genome editing, and synthetic biotechnology, will promote the capacity of all the partners to control current and future biological-related threats, guaranteeing human health. cache = ./cache/cord-339218-zobx4rw6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339218-zobx4rw6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337037-xpj17vn4 author = Weigel, Ralf title = Global child health in Germany - Time for action date = 2020-10-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2545 sentences = 123 flesch = 46 summary = Universities in the UK and other European countries provide leadership in research and education for global child health to inform related policy and practice, but the German contribution is inadequate. Although this lack of representation is not necessarily a sign of a lack of participation in the international scientific debate, the few opportunities German researchers have to engage in global child health research and education at universities suggest that this is, in fact, the case. Many opportunities exist for paediatricians and other health workers caring for children to engage with the realities of global child health in research and education. The German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) has helped to establish 28 cooperations between universities in Germany and low-and middle-income countries with its 'Partnership for Health Care in Developing Countries' programme [28] , some addressing maternal and child health. cache = ./cache/cord-337037-xpj17vn4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337037-xpj17vn4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339058-jtj12571 author = Yassi, Annalee title = Trends in Injuries, Illnesses, and Policies in Canadian Healthcare Workplaces date = 2005-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4288 sentences = 284 flesch = 51 summary = BACKGROUND: Analysis of workers' compensation data and occupational health and safety trends in healthcare across Canada was conducted to provide insight concerning workplace injuries and prevention measures undertaken in the healthcare sector. While occupational health is a provincial jurisdiction, harmonizing data in addition to sharing data on successful prevention measures and best practices may improve workplace conditions and thereby further reduce injury rates for higher risk healthcare sector occupations. [95] [96] [97] [98] [99] [100] Health Canada commissioned this study to obtain an overview of trends in workers' compensation claims and provincial-level prevention initiatives in order to gain insight into successful strategies for improving working conditions in healthcare. Timeloss injury and occupational disease data for 1992-2002 were collected from the National Work Injuries Statistics Program (NWISP) compiled by the Association of Workers' Compensation Boards of Canada (AWCBC). cache = ./cache/cord-339058-jtj12571.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339058-jtj12571.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342137-l67pvf73 author = Collins, Charles title = Schistosomiasis control and the health system in P.R. China date = 2012-11-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5609 sentences = 262 flesch = 44 summary = These cover the policy-making process, intersectoral action for health, equity and access to health services, funding for public goods and externalities, and strengthening resource management and planning. These issues form the basis of an agenda for integrating research and capacity strengthening in the Chinese health system with a view to creating a more positive enabling environment for schistosomiasis control. The debate over the vertical and/or horizontal nature of disease control programmes has occupied an important place in health systems analysis, together with discussions over the nature of integration and the specific circumstances in which integration is or is not appropriate [8] [9] [10] [11] . The paper concludes by analysing four emerging themes; the role and integrity of the public sector, the importance of equity for infectious diseases of poverty, the significance of health systems development, and the importance of advocacy. cache = ./cache/cord-342137-l67pvf73.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342137-l67pvf73.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341778-v2n8ez0t author = Bayen, Eleonore title = Will participation restrictions related to the COVID-19 lockdown boost inclusivity? date = 2020-04-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 570 sentences = 34 flesch = 44 summary = In this biopsychosocial model, disability involves dysfunction in one or more of 3 different levels due to a given health condition: first, impairments (e.g., hemiplegia); second, activity limitations (e.g., inability to walk outside); and third, participation restrictions (e.g., not being able to perform a professional or social community activity). Importantly, the ICF points out how environmental factors (e.g., a wheelchair-accessible area or a dementia-friendly society) can be either facilitators or barriers to the everyday life functioning and social integration of the person. Thus, people living with a disability are used to developing adaptive behaviors to cope and lower the social and physical barriers they encounter in their environment. The present social lockdown context has immersed half of the planet in a disability situation (as defined in the WHO model), thus inverting individuals' usual perspectives of capacity, growth and performance. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. cache = ./cache/cord-341778-v2n8ez0t.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341778-v2n8ez0t.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339188-apgdzgfz author = Lewis, Thomas J title = Reduction in Chronic Disease Risk and Burden in a 70-Individual Cohort Through Modification of Health Behaviors date = 2020-08-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 11375 sentences = 518 flesch = 46 summary = Validated data on severe respiratory viral diseases and the correlation between mortality, immunocompromised status and existing chronic conditions in infected individuals indicate that a broad set of blood-based biomarkers may best serve to stratify risk and to set policy on containment strategies in populations [7] . What separates bad, good, and great programs is "a combination of good design built on behavior change theory, effective implementation using evidence-based practices, and credible measurement and evaluation." To further support the need for more thorough risk assessment, in a global study of 84 risks, the authors concluded "Increasingly detailed understanding of the trends in risk exposure and the relative risks for each risk-outcome pair provide insights into both the magnitude of health loss attributable to risks and how modification of risk exposure has contributed to health trends [9] . cache = ./cache/cord-339188-apgdzgfz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339188-apgdzgfz.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340616-5vtgd46s author = ÇETİN, Ceren title = Global surveillance, travel, and trade during a pandemic date = 2020-04-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3973 sentences = 193 flesch = 42 summary = National pandemic influenza risk evaluation aims at determining the probability and outcomes of events affecting public health at a global, national, and local level. For an adequate risk assessment and a follow of a probable case, the patients should be provided with disease-preventing messages, health statements should be collected upon entry, and contact information of the passengers should be obtained, which would be much more efficient [18] . The management of ill passengers in the context of present COVID-19 disease pandemic in international airports, harbors, and motorway/road gates should include measures to be implemented according to the priorities and capacities of each country. Crew and ground personnel should be informed on and frequently reminded of measures preventing the spread of COVID-19 including social distancing, hand hygiene, respiratory etiquette, environmental cleaning, waste disposal, when and how to wear masks, and avoiding contact with people showing respiratory symptoms. cache = ./cache/cord-340616-5vtgd46s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340616-5vtgd46s.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343205-zjw4fbfd author = Bhaskar, Sonu title = Telemedicine as the New Outpatient Clinic Gone Digital: Position Paper From the Pandemic Health System REsilience PROGRAM (REPROGRAM) International Consortium (Part 2) date = 2020-09-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9169 sentences = 440 flesch = 34 summary = Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the American College of Cardiology urgently updated its guidance on "Telehealth: Rapid Implementation for Your Cardiology Clinic, " in which it encouraged remote monitoring and virtual visits of patients with cardiac problems (16) . A program developed in Germany known as TRANSIT-stroke, in which rural hospitals established a telemedicine network, saw an improvement in patient outcomes as neurological assessment was made faster, treatments were issued within the required timeframe, and 24 h neurologist access was enabled (27) . The rapid move by various bodies, associations, and providers to use telemedicine in maintaining patient continuity while limiting COVID-19 risks of exposure to patients and healthcare workers will have a long-term impact well-beyond the current pandemic. Key Strategies for clinical management and improvement of healthcare services for cardiovascular disease and diabetes patients in the coronavirus (COVID-19) settings: recommendations from the REPROGRAM consortium cache = ./cache/cord-343205-zjw4fbfd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343205-zjw4fbfd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-339907-8qpu8xrb author = Naik, B.Sadananda title = Can a health care worker have sex in the time of COVID-19? date = 2020-08-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 326 sentences = 31 flesch = 72 summary = title: Can a health care worker have sex in the time of COVID-19? Health care workers by virtue of the nature of their work have higher chances of exposure to the virus and them indulging in sex needs risk reduction strategies. [4] Health care workers are by virtue of the very nature of their work, theoretically do get exposed to the virus on a daily basis despite of adequate safety precautions though they could be considered low risk exposures as per CDC norms. So, it is imperative that a health care worker while indulging in sex life during time of COVID-19 to follow strict risk reduction strategies to self and the partner in the best interest of the community at large. Pathophysiology, Transmission, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Review Clinical characteristics of 2019novel coronavirus infection in China Clinical Characteristics and Results of Semen Tests Among Men with Coronavirus Disease cache = ./cache/cord-339907-8qpu8xrb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-339907-8qpu8xrb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343295-c3y6rtb7 author = Chiara, Berardi title = The COVID-19 pandemic in Italy: policy and technology impact on health and non-health outcomes date = 2020-09-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5894 sentences = 328 flesch = 51 summary = Objective: The paper aims to analyse the policies implemented by the government and their impact on health and non-health outcomes considering both scaling-up and scaling-down interventions. We investigate the impact of policies on the daily reported number of deaths, case fatality rate, confirmation rate, intensive care unit saturation, and financial and job market indicators across the three major geographical areas of Italy (North, Centre, and South). This section considers various interventions such as measures to contain the spread of the virus, policies for prevention and cure, interventions for economic stimulus, and the introduction of new health technology. This section describes the policy implemented by the government to cope with the limited capacity of the health care system and the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, significant technological interventions seemed to be far from having any impact on the outcomes considered (daily number of reported deaths and ICU saturation) due to delayed implementation (see Figure 10 in the appendix). cache = ./cache/cord-343295-c3y6rtb7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343295-c3y6rtb7.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342841-b1rucgmg author = Di Carlo, Francesco title = Telepsychiatry and other cutting edge technologies in Covid‐19 pandemic: bridging the distance in mental health assistance date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5256 sentences = 272 flesch = 42 summary = Zohu et al (2020) reported that the decrease of hospital visits led to a reduction of routine psychiatric care for many patients with mental disorders in China, during the COVID-19 outbreak. Telemental health services can be particularly useful and appropriate for the support of both patients and health care workers during this pandemic, allowing providing assistance and care to those who need it by reducing the risk of infection. Patients with depressive disorders have been shown to benefit from TP, as reported by several studies in which patients' symptoms improved more in the telemental health group than in the traditional setting ones. Evidence from several studies has underlined that the use of TP for delivering mental healthcare services can improve symptoms of depression among older adults. During this pandemic period several Authors all over the world underlined the need to promote online mental health care services and encourage their use [13, 63, 64] . cache = ./cache/cord-342841-b1rucgmg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342841-b1rucgmg.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345008-3mjimzdt author = Raj, Anita title = Time from COVID-19 shutdown, gender-based violence exposure, and mental health outcomes among a state representative sample of California residents date = 2020-08-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4531 sentences = 202 flesch = 43 summary = Our primary hypothesis of this study is that time À since shutdown and under the pandemic À will be associated with increased odds of reporting greater severity in depression and/or anxiety symptoms in the past two weeks, at a population level. This study examines both time under shutdown/pandemic and exposure to partner and sexual violence ever as risk factors for severity in depression and/or anxiety symptoms in the past two weeks, with a state representative sample in California. Findings from this study demonstrate that approximately one in five people in this representative sample of California adults recruited during the first two weeks of pandemic shutdown report moderate to severe symptoms of depression and/or anxiety in the past two weeks, a higher prevalence than that seen in prior research with both general and patient populations under non-COVID-19 conditions [9, 14, 15] . cache = ./cache/cord-345008-3mjimzdt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345008-3mjimzdt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344408-4ko557n1 author = Cunningham, Andrew A. title = One Health, emerging infectious diseases and wildlife: two decades of progress? date = 2017-07-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5977 sentences = 278 flesch = 43 summary = Around this time, emerging diseases were identified in a series of well-reported die-offs in wildlife, including canine distemper in African lions (Panthera leo) in the Serengeti, chytridiomycosis in amphibians globally, pilchard herpesvirus disease in Australasia and West Nile virus in corvids and other birds in New York [10 -13] . There are likely to be multiple causes of novel disease emergence, but the human-mediated transport of pathogens (often in infected hosts) or vectors across geographical or ecological boundaries, a process termed 'pathogen pollution', has been identified as a major driver of this in wildlife [64] and also in plants [65] . salamandrivorans as a novel lethal fungus infecting and killing captive and wild salamanders in Europe [67, 85, 86] Challenges remain to understanding the wildlife origins of zoonotic EIDs. It is often difficult, time-consuming, logistically challenging and very expensive to identify the origins of newly emerged pathogens of humans. cache = ./cache/cord-344408-4ko557n1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344408-4ko557n1.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345811-f0yt2a32 author = Parmet, Wendy E. title = Public Health Literacy for Lawyers date = 2007-01-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7696 sentences = 388 flesch = 51 summary = Lochner, like most important Supreme Court cases, was about many things and many themes can be dissected the rise of the labor movement;t2 the Supreme Court majority's antipathy to progressive labor legi~lation;~~ and the struggle between courts and legislature^.^^ Legal scholars, however, seldom discuss the public health context, although the statute at issue was presented by the State of New York as a public health measure and bakeshop workers did experience numerous diseases, including a high prevalence of infectious tubercul~sis.~~ In fact, Justice Peckhani, writing for the majority of the Supreme Court, recognized that the statute would have been constitutional if it were indeed, truly, a public health measure.26 Thus, one of the key questions implicit in Lochnerwas the meaning of public health and whether worker protection issues could be seen as a valid concern for public health.27 Examined in this manner, Lochner provides an interesting insight into the contested nature of public health and the government's role in protecting it. cache = ./cache/cord-345811-f0yt2a32.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345811-f0yt2a32.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344050-5ulk3euw author = Wang, Jianming title = Gender difference in knowledge of tuberculosis and associated health-care seeking behaviors: a cross-sectional study in a rural area of China date = 2008-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4249 sentences = 215 flesch = 58 summary = title: Gender difference in knowledge of tuberculosis and associated health-care seeking behaviors: a cross-sectional study in a rural area of China BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) detection under the national TB control program in China follows passive case-finding guidelines, which could be influenced by the accessibility of health service and patient's health-care seeking behaviors. As case detection in the NTP in China follows WHO recommended passive case-finding guidelines, people with TB related symptoms should be identified when they seek care at a general health facility, and referred to the specialized TB dispensary for diagnosis, treatment and case management. A study in rural Inner Mongolia of China also reported that women with less education tended to be less knowledgeable about TB and were less likely to seek care than men though gender difference was not statistically significant in the quantitative survey [22] . cache = ./cache/cord-344050-5ulk3euw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344050-5ulk3euw.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345417-0rxhkg7a author = Sun, Xinying title = Determinants of health literacy and health behavior regarding infectious respiratory diseases: a pathway model date = 2013-03-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4416 sentences = 259 flesch = 49 summary = The purpose of the present study was to develop and validate a health literacy model at an individual level that could best explain the determinants of health literacy and the associations between health literacy and health behaviors even health status. The framework is organized into four primary elements: (1) health-related stimulus; (2) factors that influence the development and use of health literacy skills, including socio-demographic characteristics, resources , prior knowledge and capabilities; (3) health literacy skills needed to comprehend the stimulus and perform the task; and (4) mediators between health literacy and health outcomes including motivation, attitudes, emotions, and self-efficacy. Although all these models or frameworks have given the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics, prior knowledge, health literacy, health behavior/action and health outcomes, they are all theoretical explanations. Table 2 also shows the differences among age groups, education levels and income levels on prior knowledge about infectious respiratory diseases, health literacy, health behavior and health status. cache = ./cache/cord-345417-0rxhkg7a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345417-0rxhkg7a.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347651-tny4bn01 author = Watkins, Johnathan title = Three further ways that the COVID-19 pandemic will affect health outcomes date = 2020-05-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 687 sentences = 42 flesch = 58 summary = title: Three further ways that the COVID-19 pandemic will affect health outcomes In general, health outcomes improve during recessions, mostly driven by fewer cardiovascularrelated deaths possibly as a result of more active lifestyles (Strumpf et al. If countries respond with austerity measures that lead to a real-terms decline in public health and social care spending, we could see hundreds of thousands of 'excess' deaths or more. To address the economic response challenge, governments need to be prepared to maintain health and care spending in line with demand. Governments can prevent or mitigate this effect by: (1) planning and communicating an exit strategy early to avoid needlessly protracted lockdowns and/or illprepared exits and (2) seeking to maintain public health and social care spending levels. Economic downturns, universal health coverage, and cancer mortality in high-income and middle-income countries, 1990-2010: a longitudinal analysis Effects of health and social care spending constraints on mortality in England: a time trend analysis cache = ./cache/cord-347651-tny4bn01.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347651-tny4bn01.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346515-8wqpvf68 author = Chiu, Hsiao-Hsuan title = Building core capacities at the designated points of entry according to the International Health Regulations 2005: a review of the progress and prospects in Taiwan date = 2014-07-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6884 sentences = 284 flesch = 36 summary = Based on the abovementioned findings, several important conclusions were made, which includes: 1) the designation of the PoEs should be based on consensus; 2) the stakeholders with the responsibility of implementing the core capacities should be brought together, not only from the health sector, but also from other public and private sectors; 3) the successful implementation of this program requires strong support from the cabinet and its subordinate organizations; 4) a coordination mechanism, with clear functions and structure, is necessary; 5) an agreed protocol, which clarifies the strategies, timeline, and multidisciplinary/multisectoral duties, is essential, and 6) all strategies should be harmonized with the currently available resources, national administrative structure, and consensus made by the participants. cache = ./cache/cord-346515-8wqpvf68.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346515-8wqpvf68.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347410-6muxz6c5 author = Phillips, Sally title = Readiness and response to public health emergencies: Help needed Now from professional nursing associations date = 2004-10-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 901 sentences = 52 flesch = 41 summary = Agencies within the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) have been working to address readiness and response capabilities, but private organizations and professional associations also have a role to play. In keeping with the Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002, HHS developed a department-wide strategic plan to delineate its priorities. htm) have strategic activities in education, training, licensure, and credentialing for the public health care workforce and for hospital readiness. Under the directive, HHS established the Healthcare Sector Coordinating Council, which has responsibility for activities such as communicating potential risks, threats, and vulnerabilities to private organizations. A coordinating group comprising nurses from university, public health, and response settings, with a secure system that would allow collaboration on issues like identifying and providing a roster of volunteers, would be a good national, consistent approach to identifying and addressing vulnerabilities. cache = ./cache/cord-347410-6muxz6c5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347410-6muxz6c5.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345843-yz0buegp author = Gushulak, BD title = Migrants and emerging public health issues in a globalized world: threats, risks and challenges, an evidence-based framework date = 2010-03-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7626 sentences = 382 flesch = 34 summary = The thesis that human population mobility is itself a major determinant of global public health is supported in this article by review of the published literature from the perspective of determinants of health (such as genetics/biology, behavior, environment, and socioeconomics), population-based disease prevalence differences, existing national and international health policies and regulations, as well as inter-regional shifts in population demographics and health outcomes. In migration health, threat and risk identification, assessment and management rarely occur 'pre-event.' Examples of poorly studied health threats of potential societal and public health importance include domestic violence against migrant women in destination locations, 42,43 long-term impact of dietary changes 44,45 on the incidence of cardiovascular disease, 46 diabetes, 47 and certain forms of cancer in foreignborn migrants and their locally born offspring, 48 or the importation of health services or pharmaceutical products 49 from less-regulated environments, representing traditional but often unregulated or unmonitored patterns of self-care. cache = ./cache/cord-345843-yz0buegp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345843-yz0buegp.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347126-hvrly37e author = Stanton, Robert title = Depression, Anxiety and Stress during COVID-19: Associations with Changes in Physical Activity, Sleep, Tobacco and Alcohol Use in Australian Adults date = 2020-06-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5474 sentences = 250 flesch = 45 summary = title: Depression, Anxiety and Stress during COVID-19: Associations with Changes in Physical Activity, Sleep, Tobacco and Alcohol Use in Australian Adults The combined effect of changes in lifestyle behaviors; confinement to the home through government restrictions in travel; and elevated depression, anxiety and stress associated with the current COVID-19 pandemic, may have significant negative impacts on sleep [14] . Therefore, the present study aims to examine associations between depression, anxiety and stress and changes in health behaviors, including physical activity, sleep, smoking and alcohol use subsequent to the onset of COVID-19 and the implementation of social isolation rules in Australia. The present study examined the association between depression, anxiety and stress and the change in health behaviors of physical activity, sleep, smoking and alcohol use subsequent to the onset of COVID-19, as individual health behaviors and as a health behavior change index composite score. cache = ./cache/cord-347126-hvrly37e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347126-hvrly37e.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347488-th07jo7u author = Akseer, Nadia title = COVID-19 pandemic and mitigation strategies: implications for maternal and child health and nutrition date = 2020-06-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3344 sentences = 162 flesch = 42 summary = Although there has been focus on rising rates of childhood wasting in the short term, maternal and child undernutrition rates are also likely to increase as a consequence of COVID-19 and its impacts on poverty, coverage of essential interventions, and access to appropriate nutritious foods. Key sectors at particular risk of collapse or reduced efficiency in the wake of COVID-19 include food systems, incomes, and social protection, health care services for women and children, and services and access to clean water and sanitation. A recent modelling exercise of various estimates of the potential impact of COVID-19-related economic deterioration, food insecurity, and interruption of programs of community-based detection and management of malnutrition suggests that the prevalence of wasting could increase by 10-50% with an excess of ∼40,000-2,000,000 child deaths (4) . In today's COVID-19 environment, such systems in Peru, Kyrgyz Republic, and many other countries can be leveraged to build on and enhance social and economic protection for vulnerable families, and consequently prevent ill health and chronic undernutrition in children. cache = ./cache/cord-347488-th07jo7u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347488-th07jo7u.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347605-6db4gwhk author = Vento, Sandro title = Violence Against Healthcare Workers: A Worldwide Phenomenon With Serious Consequences date = 2020-09-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2251 sentences = 109 flesch = 42 summary = Verbal and physical violence against healthcare workers (HCWs) have reached considerable levels worldwide, and the World Medical Association has most recently defined violence against health personnel "an international emergency that undermines the very foundations of health systems and impacts critically on patient's health" (1) . Two systematic reviews and meta-analyses published at the end of 2019 found a high prevalence of workplace violence by patients and visitors against nurses and physicians (2) , and show that occupational violence against HCWs in dental healthcare centers is not uncommon (3) . The recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses and the World Health Organization condemnation of the attacks against HCWs treating patients with COVID-19 have confirmed the seriousness of the situation regarding violence against doctors and nurses worldwide. Working in remote health care areas, understaffing, emotional or mental stress of patients or visitors, insufficient security, and lack of preventative measures have been identified as underlying factors of violence against physicians in a 2019 systematic review and meta-analysis (26) . cache = ./cache/cord-347605-6db4gwhk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347605-6db4gwhk.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348012-idflfwpb author = Alcover, Carlos-María title = Group Membership and Social and Personal Identities as Psychosocial Coping Resources to Psychological Consequences of the COVID-19 Confinement date = 2020-10-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8758 sentences = 393 flesch = 49 summary = Our results show that identity-resources (membership continuity/new group memberships, and personal identity strength) are positively related to process-resources (social support and perceived personal control), and that both are related to better perceived mental health, lower levels of anxiety and depression, and higher well-being (life satisfaction and resilience) during confinement. Based on this model, our study explores whether: (1) group memberships (specifically, membership continuity and new memberships) and personal identity strength, considered as identity-resources derived from group social identities, and (2) social support (received and provided) and perceived personal control, considered as process-resources derived from the identity-resources, are related to well-being and psychological health in the confinement experience during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on this model, our study explores whether: (1) group memberships (specifically, membership continuity and new memberships) and personal identity strength, considered as identity-resources derived from group social identities, and (2) social support (received and provided) and perceived personal control, considered as process-resources derived from the identity-resources, are related to well-being and psychological health in the confinement experience during the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-348012-idflfwpb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348012-idflfwpb.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349911-dx8wvqkm author = Dahl, Viktor title = Communicable Diseases Prioritized According to Their Public Health Relevance, Sweden, 2013 date = 2015-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4092 sentences = 208 flesch = 49 summary = Ten pathogens in the highest priority group (Borrelia, calicivirus, Campylobacter, Echinococcus multilocularis, hepatitis C virus, HIV, respiratory syncytial virus, SARSand MERS coronavirus, tick-borne encephalitis virus and varicella-zoster virus) did not have any surveillance of typing results. The Public Health Agency of Sweden identified the need to use a structured method that takes relevant aspects into account in order to rationally prioritize between different pathogens when allocating resources for surveillance. The Robert Koch Institute invited ten senior external experts and ten internal experts and asked them to score the pathogens with -1, 0 or 1 for ten variables"Incidence", "Work and school absenteeism", "Health care utilization", "Chronicity of illness or sequelae", "Case fatality rate", "Proportion of events requiring public health actions", "Trend", "Public attention", "Prevention and Treatment possibilities") ( Table 1 ). We used a standardized procedure developed at the Robert Koch Institute to generate a list of pathogens prioritized for surveillance to be used by the Public Health Agency of Sweden. cache = ./cache/cord-349911-dx8wvqkm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349911-dx8wvqkm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348411-nrhe8aek author = Shah, Kaushal title = Impact of COVID-19 on the Mental Health of Children and Adolescents date = 2020-08-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3465 sentences = 165 flesch = 47 summary = It is essential and obligatory for the scientific community and healthcare workers to assess and analyze the psychological impact caused by the coronavirus pandemic on children and adolescents, as several mental health disorders begin during childhood. Children exposed to stressors such as separation through isolation from their families and friends, seeing or being aware of critically ill members affected with coronavirus, or the passing of loved ones or even thinking of their own death from the virus can cause them to develop anxiety, panic attacks, depression, and other mental illnesses [11] [12] . The conducted literature search was through Medline, PubMed, PubMed Central, and Embase using the keywords, 'coronavirus,' 'COVID-19,' 'mental health,' 'child and adolescent,' 'behavioral impact,' 'psychological conditions,' 'quarantine,' and 'online education.' The indexed search aimed to identify literature and articles relevant to our focused topic. cache = ./cache/cord-348411-nrhe8aek.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348411-nrhe8aek.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349348-9rnvawfa author = Cousineau, J title = Genomics and Public Health Research: Can the State Allow Access to Genomic Databases? date = 2012-05-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9256 sentences = 448 flesch = 43 summary = Thus, genomic databases will constitute an important source of information, on the one hand, in order to pursue research aiming to understand better the genetic susceptibility to a disease regarding certain individuals within a population, and on the other, to implement eventually public health interventions. Following an overview of the essential roles of public health and an analysis of relevant Quebec legislation, the precautionary principle is examined as another possible avenue to justify State access to and use of genomic databases for research purposes or, for the management of a pandemic. Ongoing surveillance does not apply "to research and knowledge development activities carried out in the sector of health or social services in particular, by the Institut national de santé publique du Québec" (art. Our analysis of the pandemic influenza recommendations proposed by the World Health Organization, Canada and Quebec, all of which are important planning instruments, centers on the four principal functions of public health: monitoring, promotion, prevention and protection. cache = ./cache/cord-349348-9rnvawfa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349348-9rnvawfa.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348964-1x3nmwwt author = Patel, Love title = Ethical and Legal Challenges During the COVID‐19 Pandemic – Are We Thinking About Rural Hospitals? date = 2020-04-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1358 sentences = 88 flesch = 48 summary = In addition to ethical dilemmas, another concern among health care providers and health systems are legal issues they may face during and after crisis situations. 13 Conversely, law can be used to hold hospitals and health care workers accountable for patient injuries and harms, or for failing to plan for disasters. Currently, the program has expanded its reach to bring together professionals with wideranging perspectives throughout the health system to ensure that our process for ethical decision-making during the COVID-19 pandemic includes the concerns of small and large facilities, and shares resources in a way that all the communities we serve can understand and support. Hospitalists, intensivists, ED physicians, medical staff leaders, and nurses are working closely with ethics specialists, administration and legal counsel, and preparing as a team for the worst case scenario. Ethical Guidance for Disaster Response, Specifically Around Crisis Standards of Care: A Systematic Review cache = ./cache/cord-348964-1x3nmwwt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348964-1x3nmwwt.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349057-u7u39jho author = Hawton, Annie title = Involving Patients in Health Economics Research: “The PACTS Principles” date = 2020-10-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3852 sentences = 172 flesch = 50 summary = We hope these "PACTS Principles" complement existing PPI approaches and provide a useful foundation for health economists considering patient involvement. A "task-based" approach to patient involvement can help with the more technical aspects of health economics research. The Health Economics and MS (HEMS) patient involvement group was initially established to inform a specific aspect of a study that aimed to develop a preference-based measure of health-related quality of life for use with people with MS [13] . Where the research activity is more directed towards shedding light on "known unknowns", we have found that a task-based approach provides a useful framework for guiding detailed work on highly specific aspects of a study to generate "focused" impacts. We hope the PACTS Principles complement existing PPI approaches and frameworks and provide useful foundations for health economists when considering patient involvement, and will ultimately build towards the development of practical guidance for patient involvement in HE research. cache = ./cache/cord-349057-u7u39jho.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349057-u7u39jho.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349426-9fuiind8 author = Lee, Albert title = Facing the threat of influenza pandemic - roles of and implications to general practitioners date = 2010-11-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4071 sentences = 203 flesch = 47 summary = The experience from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in Hong Kong has shown that general practitioners (GPs) were willing to discharge their duties despite risks of getting infected themselves. GPs could also assist in the development of protocols for primary care management of patients with flu-like illnesses and conduct clinical audits on the standards of preventive and treatment measures. Responce of health services with increasing number of possible flu cases and the existing care of other patients, risk communication, data collection and surveillance, and basic respiratory hygiene practices are all important public health measures. A study in Hong Kong amongst 2,255 health care workers showed that the overall willingness to accept pre-pandemic H5N1 vaccine was only 28.4% during a WHO influenza pandemic alert phase 3 [16] . GPs can also assist in the development of protocols for primary care management of patients with flu-like illnesses in accordance to national guidelines to avoid missing cases while at the same time preventing panics in the community. cache = ./cache/cord-349426-9fuiind8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349426-9fuiind8.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350380-4yardtss author = Jephcott, Freya L. title = Facility-based surveillance for emerging infectious diseases; diagnostic practices in rural West African hospital settings: observations from Ghana date = 2017-07-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3497 sentences = 162 flesch = 43 summary = title: Facility-based surveillance for emerging infectious diseases; diagnostic practices in rural West African hospital settings: observations from Ghana The aim of this study was to better understand the effectiveness of Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) facility-based surveillance in detecting newly emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) in rural West African settings. While participants routinely used hospital treatment when confronted with enduring or severe illness, the diagnostic process within clinical settings meant that an unusual diagnosis, such as an EID, was unlikely to be considered. Facility-based surveillance is unlikely to be effective in detecting EIDs due to a combination of clinical care practices and the time constraints associated with individual episodes of illness, particularly in the resource-limited settings of rural West Africa, where febrile illness due to malaria is common and specific diagnostic assays are largely unavailable. cache = ./cache/cord-350380-4yardtss.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350380-4yardtss.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351204-5m1ch7ls author = Ford, James D. title = Vulnerability of Aboriginal health systems in Canada to climate change date = 2010-06-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10344 sentences = 471 flesch = 33 summary = The existing burden of ill-health increases the sensitivity of Indigenous peoples to the adverse impacts of climate change, which combined with a proportionally higher dependence of many Indigenous Climate change Health Adaptation Vulnerability Aboriginal Inuit Mé tis First nations Canada Social determinants of health Inequality Indigenous A B S T R A C T Climate change has been identified as potentially the biggest health threat of the 21st century. However, there remains a significant deficit in information required to inform and guide adaptation among Aboriginal peoples-part of what we broadly term an Indigenous peoples 'vulnerability deficit.' Major Canadian assessments of climate change, for example, identify research on Aboriginal health a priority for action , and while Furgal and Prowse (2008) focus on the health of mostly Inuit inhabitants in the north, other Aboriginal populations have been less studied (Healey and Meadows, 2007; Wilson and Young, 2008) . cache = ./cache/cord-351204-5m1ch7ls.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351204-5m1ch7ls.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352293-ha7xts89 author = Thakur, Aditya title = Mental Health in High School Students at the Time of COVID-19: A Student’s Perspective date = 2020-08-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1202 sentences = 89 flesch = 55 summary = This paper highlights key issues and offers practical solutions to address the mental health of adolescents during COVID-19 pandemic, from a high school student's (HSS) perspective. Social distancing and school closures during the COVID-19 pandemic can worsen existing mental health problems in adolescents and increases the risk of future mental health issues. 2 An increase in domestic violence and abuse during this pandemic further exposes adolescents to risks of developing mental health problems. However, closure of schools during COVID-19 pandemic have taken away the protective layer of school-based mental health support. Within a pandemic environment of furloughs and job cuts, families may struggle to purchase technology for high schoolers who can benefit from school-based counseling support for mental health problems. 3 Quarantine, trauma and grief during the COVID-19 pandemic further increase the risk of mental health problems. Potential effects of "social" distancing measures and school lockdown on child and adolescent mental health. cache = ./cache/cord-352293-ha7xts89.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352293-ha7xts89.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-351892-rmf0azon author = Maldonado-Castellanos, Isaac title = Ethical issues when planning mental health services after COVID-19 outbreak date = 2020-07-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 631 sentences = 37 flesch = 43 summary = For instance, protection of personal data is a major concern of mental health users that might lead people to feel unsteady when talking about intimate issues Ethical principles like justice, integrity, beneficence, nonmaleficence and autonomy must be incorporated in a new ethical framework to regulate the use of digital technologies related to health services. Culture practices are been transformed after the COVID-19 and new ethical controversies on mental health digital services are yet to be identified (Bauer et al., 2017) . To accomplish this challenge, professionals need to discuss, and review topics related to informed consent, data protection, patient privacy, identity confirmation or digital medical J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f prescription in order to incorporate these subjects when developing contemporary mental health programs. As a psychologist, I think there is an opportunity to adapt to a new social digital complexity by developing new codes of conduct aimed at psychologist, psychiatrist and other mental health professionals. cache = ./cache/cord-351892-rmf0azon.txt txt = ./txt/cord-351892-rmf0azon.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353866-0r1b44id author = Sun, Hongpeng title = Changes of Adult Population Health Status in China from 2003 to 2008 date = 2011-12-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3421 sentences = 185 flesch = 54 summary = Stratified analyses revealed significant subpopulation disparities in rate ratios for 2008/2003 in the presence of chronic disease, with greater increases among women, elderly, the Han nationality, unmarried and widow, illiterate, rural, and regions east of China than other groups. This study aimed to describe the male and female adult Chinese population health status in multiple dimensions, including overall morbidity, presence of illness in the last 2 weeks and chronic disease in the last 6 months, and healthy behavior as regards smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical activity, using data from the most recent National Health Services Surveys by the Chinese government in 2003 and 2008. However, overall Chinese adult population health status has not been improved due to short time and small proportion of residents performing frequent exercise; hence it seems that the prevalence and burden of chronic diseases will continue to grow. cache = ./cache/cord-353866-0r1b44id.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353866-0r1b44id.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353185-aapg75af author = Tambo, Ernest title = The value of China-Africa health development initiatives in strengthening “One Health” strategy date = 2019-09-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6744 sentences = 219 flesch = 22 summary = Building the value of China-Africa "One Health" strategy partnerships, frameworks and capacity development and implementation through leveraging on current and innovative China-Africa health initiatives, but also, mobilizing efforts on climatic changes and disasters mitigation and lifestyle adaptations strategies against emerging and current infectious diseases threats are essential to establish epidemic surveillance-response system under the concept of global collaborative coordination and lasting financing mechanisms. Africa CDC focus on strategic priority areas and innovative programs aiming at improving evidence-based decision making and practice in event-based capacity development for surveillance, disease prediction, and improved functional clinical and public health laboratory networks and actions in minimizing health inequalities, and promoting quality care delivery, public health emergency preparedness and response best practices in achieving regional [1, 4, 10] . cache = ./cache/cord-353185-aapg75af.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353185-aapg75af.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354855-vwxbo01b author = Taylor, Allyn L title = Solidarity in the wake of COVID-19: reimagining the International Health Regulations date = 2020-06-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1255 sentences = 73 flesch = 46 summary = Amid frenzied national responses to COVID-19, the world could soon reach a critical juncture to revisit and strengthen the International Health Regulations (IHR), the multilateral instrument that governs how 196 states and WHO collectively address the global spread of disease. 4 The concrete links between infectious disease control and global security provide a compelling rationale for an inspection mechanism that encourages states to be more forthright and accountable in reporting a potential PHEIC. Following more than a decade under the revised IHR, only a third of countries meet the core capacities of public health systems required therein, 2 impacting countries' abilities to prevent, detect, and respond to disease outbreaks and putting "the whole world at risk". To ensure accountability for national capacity building, states should integrate an effective reporting mechanism to monitor implementation of IHR obligations. AP reports grants and personal fees as past and current consultant to WHO on global and public health law matters, including the IHR. cache = ./cache/cord-354855-vwxbo01b.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354855-vwxbo01b.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354434-bi409a6o author = Benjamin, Georges C. title = Ensuring health equity during the COVID-19 pandemic: the role of public health infrastructure date = 2020-05-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2387 sentences = 152 flesch = 49 summary = The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly stressed public health systems around the world and exposed the gaps in health care for underserved and vulnerable populations. Faced with old threats (e.g., re-emergence of measles), disruptive new technologies (e.g., electronic cigarettes), increased challenges (e.g. drug-resistant organisms), and new threats (e.g., the current pandemic, climate change, politicized misinformation), our health systems must be robust and resilient. Health care infrastructure can be better prepared and more equitable if systems are strengthened by building on core competencies and following the recommendations made for leadership, stakeholder involvement, accreditation, data collection, and funding resources. The current pandemic demonstrates the challenges that we must overcome as a global community to ensure equitable health care access, economic security, and public health protections for vulnerable communities. A well-resourced and properly-structured public health system that is accountable, properly resourced, and able to perform the 10 core competencies can meet the needs of vulnerable populations and ensure equity is achieved across the lifespan in all communities. cache = ./cache/cord-354434-bi409a6o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354434-bi409a6o.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352546-w3catjj3 author = Degeling, Chris title = Implementing a One Health approach to emerging infectious disease: reflections on the socio-political, ethical and legal dimensions date = 2015-12-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7688 sentences = 355 flesch = 42 summary = The effective control and prevention of EIDs therefore requires: (i) social science research to improve understanding of how EID threats and responses play out; (ii) the development of an analytic framework that catalogues case experiences with EIDs, reflects their dynamic nature and promotes inter-sectoral collaboration and knowledge synthesis; (iii) genuine public engagement processes that promote transparency, education and capture people's preferences; (iv) a set of practical principles and values that integrate ethics into decision-making procedures, against which policies and public health responses can be assessed; (v) integration of the analytic framework and the statement of principles and values outlined above; and (vi) a focus on genuine reform rather than rhetoric. In particular we focused on materials pertaining to the social, political and ethical consequences of responses to the risks posed to human health and wellbeing by Hendra virus [HeV], Nipah virus [NiV] and Rabies virus [RbV] in Australasia, and compared them with international responses to canonical examples of pandemic and food borne zoonoses severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) [17] and bovine spongiform encephalitis/variant Creutzfeldt Jacob disease (BSE/vCJD), respectively. cache = ./cache/cord-352546-w3catjj3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352546-w3catjj3.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355726-44x0idzn author = Ibrahim, Mohamed Izham Mohamed title = Introduction: Discovering Issues and Challenges in Low- and Middle-Income Countries date = 2017-11-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4978 sentences = 258 flesch = 46 summary = This book also provides knowledge and understanding about social and administrative aspects of pharmacy in healthcare in lowand middle-income countries. On the other hand, there are growing problems with medicines, the health system, and human resources, especially in the LMICs. There are countries with high prices of medicines, a wide prevalence of nonquality medicines (i.e., substandard and counterfeit), lack of access to medicines, and absence of a national medicines policy (NMP) even with strong encouragement from World Health Organization (WHO). Further according to Frieden and Henning (2009) , a progress of public health in developing countries is possible but will require sufficient funding and human resources; improved physical infrastructure and information systems; effective program implementation and regulatory capacity; and, most importantly, political will at the highest levels of government. Social pharmacy scientists utilize both sciences to improve clinical practice, enhance the effectiveness of pharmaceutical regulations and policy, advocate political awareness, and promote improvements in pharmaceutical health services and healthcare delivery. cache = ./cache/cord-355726-44x0idzn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355726-44x0idzn.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354892-24wvly9f author = Low, Daniel M title = Natural Language Processing Reveals Vulnerable Mental Health Support Groups and Heightened Health Anxiety on Reddit During COVID-19: Observational Study date = 2020-10-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1374 sentences = 77 flesch = 54 summary = A manually chosen LDA model with 10 topics was then applied to all posts across all subreddits (mental health and non-mental health) to assess the distribution of topics, allowing for comparison between the distribution of posts prepandemic vs midpandemic. A manually chosen LDA model created on midpandemic data was applied to posts from r/COVID19_support to assess any change in topic distribution. We analyzed whether the subreddits that most increased in their Health Anxiety topic correlated with the ones that most increased in negative semantic change as measured by the trend analysis, but this was not significant (ρ = -0.046, P = 0.819). Figure S11: Prepandemic LDA model over non-mental health subreddits. Distribution of prepandemic LDA topics for posts in non-mental health subreddits prepandemic (left) and midpandemic (right). cache = ./cache/cord-354892-24wvly9f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354892-24wvly9f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355919-e8fhlo37 author = Semaan, Aline title = Voices from the frontline: findings from a thematic analysis of a rapid online global survey of maternal and newborn health professionals facing the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6755 sentences = 403 flesch = 47 summary = ► In addition to lack of healthcare worker protection, staffing shortages, heightened risk of nosocomial transmission and decreased healthcare use described in previous infectious disease outbreaks, maternal and newborn care during the COVID19 pandemic has also been affected by large-scale lockdowns/curfews. This online survey is part of a larger study seeking to: (1) understand how health professionals and health facilities prepare and respond to COVID-19 in regard to the care provided to women and their babies; and (2) document and analyse the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the services available to pregnant, labouring and ► Healthcare providers are worried about the impact of rapidly changing care practices on health outcomes: reduced access to antenatal care, fewer outpatient visits, shorter length of stay in facilities after birth, banning birth companions, separating newborns from COVID-19 positive mothers and postponing routine immunisations. cache = ./cache/cord-355919-e8fhlo37.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355919-e8fhlo37.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355488-ajlmyjoe author = Ullrich, Sarah title = Navigating the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons From Global Surgery date = 2020-06-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2157 sentences = 123 flesch = 44 summary = This crisis has brought attention to the need to address the shortage of more broadly trained personnel and generalist physicians, which is largely attributed to the high costs Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited. The widespread, immediate implications of the acute shortages during the COVID-19 pandemic have highlighted the need for systems strengthening in both HIC and LMIC and haveforced us to re-examine our approach to healthcare delivery.Telemedicine is being optimized globally more than ever before to prevent surges through forward triage, minimize healthcare worker exposures and address workforce shortages. These lessonshave highlighted the need for long-term investment to build flexible, resilient health systems and are sure to help providers in both HIC and LMIC care for more patients safely and effectively both during this pandemic and long after it ends. Learning how LMIC providers manage resource limitations through global surgery collaborations can give surgeons working in HIC valuable perspective that has become increasingly relevant during the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-355488-ajlmyjoe.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355488-ajlmyjoe.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-355471-vt7qovf7 author = Ogojiaku, Chinonso N. title = The Health Opportunity Index: Understanding the Input to Disparate Health Outcomes in Vulnerable and High-Risk Census Tracts date = 2020-08-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9169 sentences = 494 flesch = 52 summary = The Health Opportunity Index (HOI) is a multivariate tool that can be more efficiently used to identify and understand the interplay of complex social determinants of health (SDH) at the census tract level that influences the ability to achieve optimal health. The Health Opportunity Index (HOI) is the primary outcome variable in this study and is comprised of 13 indices: affordability, income inequality, Townsend Deprivation, job participation, employment access, education, population churning, population-weighted density, segregation, food accessibility, walkability, access to care, and environmental quality index. The thematic mapping of HOI composite scores provides a visual breakdown of health opportunity disparities across census tracts in an area. The thematic mapping of HOI composite scores provides a visual breakdown of health opportunity disparities across census tracts in an area. Similar to the map from Figure 3 The thematic mapping of HOI composite scores provides a visual breakdown of health opportunity disparities across census tracts in an area. cache = ./cache/cord-355471-vt7qovf7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-355471-vt7qovf7.txt ===== Reducing email addresses cord-008855-hahqwt5x cord-009583-ldkjqco6 cord-002885-dhdyxnr3 cord-011474-0m6icqkt cord-035030-ig4nwtmi cord-104377-ut9uxu3d cord-256808-lxlerb13 cord-257571-4ujw0mn1 cord-262205-ax3i3d7f cord-270970-9gtnsyts cord-273036-nrc35akc cord-283392-hend9ale cord-284298-tcied4l5 cord-286361-wh6aaqlu cord-285557-my16g91c cord-300246-fxqseibh cord-312918-iof45k1r cord-322123-z43vhxg5 cord-325896-vbwo2djw cord-328430-eme58ztj cord-325300-wawui0fd cord-337863-zfctgm6p cord-335551-1qc5b8a9 cord-337037-xpj17vn4 cord-340222-hdkpzsmm cord-344491-93ggxzxu cord-349426-9fuiind8 cord-350293-a09r0gjc cord-351411-q9kqjvvf Creating transaction Updating adr table ===== Reducing keywords cord-005068-3ddb38de cord-004639-qwxkn0j0 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table ===== Reducing named entities cord-005068-3ddb38de cord-004639-qwxkn0j0 cord-010515-6klurh6a cord-006163-37bnj3s3 cord-001343-3euy4u9k cord-001400-ie22xisg cord-001038-91uj6sph cord-001757-q41o6nxs cord-011677-axv32kys cord-006100-zvb7bxix cord-005080-r01ii1bu cord-009402-fmg6hdm0 cord-015552-pm9kdqdw cord-004407-f3lr0lwj cord-008855-hahqwt5x cord-008926-ntv18e1s cord-004531-agvg719f cord-004017-gcmpatlb cord-007118-fo2lq1sb cord-002230-rtlygovi cord-005159-6agnsbyd cord-016704-99v4brjf cord-016536-8wfyaxcb cord-009583-ldkjqco6 cord-016387-ju4130bq cord-009269-6fs0f4b7 cord-006159-s21jrbvn cord-016361-upjhmfca cord-005078-gr2vioor cord-011700-ljc5ywy2 cord-004256-83crtevc cord-004957-erigjz4g cord-001506-2gzi3fo9 cord-008219-ng9xb46c cord-016075-ind62t53 cord-011818-z89m8dur cord-012515-dxu7ajse cord-012583-n7zxbuf8 cord-017349-eu1gvjlx cord-011992-jgw3nat2 cord-012040-24112w2j cord-004204-cpub9oah cord-017224-naromr0a cord-011282-hgzneooy cord-010326-9xf2luzi 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research; people; countries; system; population; use; information; time; diseases; infection; services; community; virus; results; analysis; influenza; studies; cases; response; systems; control; treatment; healthcare; level; outbreak; development; years; blood; factors; evidence; policy; number; workers; group; case; children; review; methods; management; surveillance; measures; work verbs: using; include; providing; based; done; increasing; developed; report; making; shown; associated; related; identifying; need; reduce; require; improve; found; following; took; consider; lead; compared; supporting; addressing; given; affect; work; seen; emerged; assess; helps; became; causing; suggests; prevent; involved; conducted; promote; determine; knowing; establishing; implemented; exist; focusing; ensured; occurring; result; received; understand adjectives: public; social; mental; global; human; new; medical; high; many; clinical; different; important; national; infectious; international; specific; first; low; non; local; higher; economic; available; effective; physical; significant; respiratory; current; key; general; positive; primary; early; potential; covid-19; severe; several; psychological; major; older; possible; large; acute; common; critical; individual; negative; likely; chronic; long adverbs: also; well; however; even; often; especially; therefore; particularly; significantly; now; still; rather; highly; less; already; first; respectively; currently; together; previously; just; potentially; recently; furthermore; finally; moreover; directly; rapidly; much; specifically; generally; far; yet; increasingly; mainly; approximately; worldwide; always; almost; indeed; widely; usually; prior; better; effectively; later; relatively; additionally; frequently; fully pronouns: it; we; their; they; its; our; them; i; you; he; us; his; themselves; her; itself; your; my; she; one; me; him; ourselves; himself; mcr-9; yourself; oneself; myself; herself; 's; em; s; ours; thy; mine; theirs; hers; thier; o139; mrnas; mg; deÀ; covid-19; -all; zoo-; z"ikv; yours; ya; y; xõ; wt/ proper nouns: Health; COVID-19; China; SARS; World; United; ⁄; Ebola; •; National; States; Public; HIV; Organization; US; Africa; WHO; Disease; International; Global; CDC; H1N1; UK; CoV-2; Care; University; Research; Summary; New; Canada; Department; AIDS; Control; Table; Europe; PCR; South; March; Institute; Medical; Development; Ministry; Australia; USA; Fig; European; Prevention; PPE; Pandemic; Coronavirus keywords: health; covid-19; disease; sars; care; public; china; mental; patient; pandemic; global; study; human; ebola; world; united; risk; system; social; africa; hiv; country; cdc; states; child; canada; research; animal; surveillance; datum; community; service; infection; worker; organization; old; influenza; aids; new; national; ihr; case; australia; security; population; people; behavior; vaccine; nurse; intervention one topic; one dimension: health file(s): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7088251/ titles(s): Biobanking and public health: is a human rights approach the tie that binds? three topics; one dimension: health; health; influenza file(s): https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128000533000021, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18068815/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7480431/ titles(s): Part I State of Play and Review of Major Cooperation Initiatives | 2007 Guideline for Isolation Precautions: Preventing Transmission of Infectious Agents in Health Care Settings | ISEV2020 Abstract Book five topics; three dimensions: health public disease; covid health care; health care research; influenza study health; blood evs cells file(s): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7153403/, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195670107600024, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128000533000021, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7223455/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7480431/ titles(s): Intelligence and Stakeholders | epic2: National Evidence-Based Guidelines for Preventing Healthcare-Associated Infections in NHS Hospitals in England | Part I State of Play and Review of Major Cooperation Initiatives | Poster | ISEV2020 Abstract Book Type: cord title: keyword-health-cord date: 2021-05-25 time: 00:10 username: emorgan patron: Eric Morgan email: emorgan@nd.edu input: keywords:health ==== make-pages.sh htm files ==== make-pages.sh complex files ==== make-pages.sh named enities ==== making bibliographics id: cord-288922-1lry9wkn author: Aamir, Alifiya title: Effect of COVID-19 on Mental Health Rehabilitation Centers date: 2020-10-21 words: 1685.0 sentences: 79.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288922-1lry9wkn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288922-1lry9wkn.txt summary: In order to ensure that individuals on the road to recovery are not alone and forgotten during the times of coronavirus crisis they should be provided with adequate resources, such as online meetings and group therapy sessions, assessment, treatment and support by telephone and video consultation and getting the medications they need to recover. As social distancing is considered to be the key preventive measure for infection control, mental health rehabilitation day boarding and day care centers, being a non-emergency service have limited new admissions, cancelled programs and have been temporarily closed at some places which in turn is going to significantly deprive people with chronic mental illnesses and intellectual disabilities of these services [7] . In order to ensure that all individuals on the road to recovery and/or admitted to a rehabilitation center are not alone and forgotten during the times of coronavirus crisis they should be provided with adequate resources, such as online meetings and group therapy sessions, assessment, treatment and support by telephone and video consultation and getting the medications they need to recover. abstract: The SARS‐CoV‐2 outbreak is an unprecedented event in modern history worldwide. To facilitate speedy and smooth recovery during this time period, an added responsibility is placed upon rehabilitation center counselors, staff and management. In this paper we expose the role that psychiatric rehabilitation plays during the COVID-19 crisis. Since COVID-19 pandemic has remarkably raised mental health concerns, one of the high risks and possibly neglected groups includes individuals undergoing mental health rehabilitation, the impact on which can be significant as compared to the rest of the population. In order to ensure that individuals on the road to recovery are not alone and forgotten during the times of coronavirus crisis they should be provided with adequate resources, such as online meetings and group therapy sessions, assessment, treatment and support by telephone and video consultation and getting the medications they need to recover. This article highlights how the coronavirus pandemic, that has hit hard the health care and all categories of patients affected by mental disorders, is likely to be particularly dramatic for mental health rehabilitation centers. Indeed, the COVID-19 crisis has severely tested the health systems worldwide, reducing sometimes the quality and quantity of care offered to psychiatric patients both hospitalized and not in rehabilitation centers. The main goal of this paper is to raise awareness of the importance, often underestimated, of mental health rehabilitation centers, on which one should invest for the both future of psychological and psychiatric rehabilitation and the current crisis as well. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40737-020-00203-7 doi: 10.1007/s40737-020-00203-7 id: cord-313229-5oc0lisi author: Abbott, Patricia A. title: Globalization and advances in information and communication technologies: The impact on nursing and health date: 2008-10-31 words: 6815.0 sentences: 343.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313229-5oc0lisi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313229-5oc0lisi.txt summary: ICT has opened new channels of communication, creating the beginnings of a global information society that will facilitate access to isolated areas where health needs are extreme and where nursing can contribute significantly to the achievement of "Health for All." The purpose of this article is to discuss the relationships between globalization, health, and ICT, and to illuminate opportunities for nursing in this flattening and increasingly interconnected world. Nursing leadership, creativity, advocacy, and experience are needed to provide stewardship for health ICT growth and application in the face of a complex, interconnected, and increasingly globalized world. Examples of success stories from a global perspective include: (1) advances in education and collaborative learning, (2) telenursing/ telehealth, (3) movement toward electronic health records (EHRs), (4) nursing knowledge management and knowledge generation. Interoperability from a global perspective requires international standards in many dimensions such as messaging, security, language, ethical information use, ICT management, and other areas-all of which impact nursing and EHRS. abstract: Globalization and information and communication technology (ICT) continue to change us and the world we live in. Nursing stands at an opportunity intersection where challenging global health issues, an international workforce shortage, and massive growth of ICT combine to create a very unique space for nursing leadership and nursing intervention. Learning from prior successes in the field can assist nurse leaders in planning and advancing strategies for global health using ICT. Attention to lessons learned will assist in combating the technological apartheid that is already present in many areas of the globe and will highlight opportunities for innovative applications in health. ICT has opened new channels of communication, creating the beginnings of a global information society that will facilitate access to isolated areas where health needs are extreme and where nursing can contribute significantly to the achievement of “Health for All.” The purpose of this article is to discuss the relationships between globalization, health, and ICT, and to illuminate opportunities for nursing in this flattening and increasingly interconnected world. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18922277/ doi: 10.1016/j.outlook.2008.06.009 id: cord-350498-jwweg06f author: Abebe, Ayele title: Awareness of Health Professionals on COVID-19 and Factors Affecting It Before and During Index Case in North Shoa Zone, Ethiopia, 2020 date: 2020-08-24 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is a disease caused by a SARS-COV2. The main way of transmission is from person to person through droplet nuclei. In this time, this disease has no treatment and vaccination. Hence, the WHO recommends countries to work intensively on prevention and control measures. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the level of awareness on clinical and epidemiological spectrum of COVID-19 and factors affecting it in the North Shoa zone, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia, 2020. METHODS: A facility-based cross-sectional study design was used to assess awareness of health professionals on COVID-19 and associated factors affecting it before and during index case. A total of 384 participants selected from 10 hospitals participated in this study. The data were entered and coded using EPI-INFO version 3.5.4 and then transferred to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression were computed. Variables with a p-value less than 0.05 were taken as predictor variables. RESULTS: A total of 384 respondents with a response rate of 91% participated in this study. The proportion of participants with an awareness of COVID-19 was 305 (79.4%). The types of profession (AOR=6.9, 95% CI=1.6–29.8) and level of a profession (AOR=2.3, 95% CI=1.4–4.4) of the profession, availability of television at home (AOR=2.1, 95% CI=1.1, 3.9) and hearing of the emerging diseases in the past (AOR=2.7, 95% CI=1.5–5) were factors that determine the awareness of health professionals on COVID-19 clinical and epidemiological spectrum. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The level of the health professional’s awareness on the clinical and epidemiological spectrum of COVID-19 was promising. There is a need for a coordinated effort from stakeholders and health professionals to increase awareness. url: https://doi.org/10.2147/idr.s268033 doi: 10.2147/idr.s268033 id: cord-327300-dvlb61tw author: Abu, Thelma Zulfawu title: When It Is Not Measured, How Then Will It Be Planned for? WaSH a Critical Indicator for Universal Health Coverage in Kenya date: 2020-08-08 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The quality and safety of healthcare facility (HCF) services are critical to achieving universal health coverage (UHC) and yet the WHO/UNICEF joint monitoring program for water supply, sanitation and hygiene report indicates that only 51% and 23% of HCF in Sub-Saharan Africa have basic access to water and sanitation, respectively. Global commitments on improving access to water, sanitation, hygiene, waste management and environmental cleaning (WaSH) in HCF as part of implementing UHC have surged since 2015. Guided by political ecology of health theory, we explored the country level commitment to ensuring access to WaSH in HCFs as part of piloting UHC in Kisumu, Kenya. Through content analysis, 17 relevant policy documents were systematically reviewed using NVIVO. None of the national documents mentioned all the component of WaSH in healthcare facilities. Furthermore, these WaSH components are not measured as part of the universal health coverage pilot. Comprehensively incorporating WaSH measurement and monitoring in HCFs in the context of UHC policies creates a foundation for achieving SDG 6. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32784498/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17165746 id: cord-004639-qwxkn0j0 author: Aceng, Jane Ruth title: Uganda’s experience in Ebola virus disease outbreak preparedness, 2018–2019 date: 2020-03-19 words: 6155.0 sentences: 265.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-004639-qwxkn0j0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-004639-qwxkn0j0.txt summary: The MoH, with technical guidance from the World Health Organisation (WHO), led EVD preparedness activities and worked together with other ministries and partner organisations to enhance community-based surveillance systems, develop and disseminate risk communication messages, engage communities, reinforce EVD screening and infection prevention measures at Points of Entry (PoEs) and in high-risk health facilities, construct and equip EVD isolation and treatment units, and establish coordination and procurement mechanisms. The NTF assigned an Incident Management Commander (IMC) and team, made of 6 technical subcommittee team leads encompassing the eleven key WHO EVD preparedness components, including: 1) epidemiological surveillance (contact tracing, capacities at PoEs, and laboratory incorporated); 2) case management and Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) including psycho-social support, waste management and safe and dignified burials; 3) risk communication and community engagement; 4) vaccination, therapeutics, and research; 5) emergency coordination including budgeting and resource mobilisation; and 6) logistics [10]. abstract: BACKGROUND: Since the declaration of the 10th Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak in DRC on 1st Aug 2018, several neighboring countries have been developing and implementing preparedness efforts to prevent EVD cross-border transmission to enable timely detection, investigation, and response in the event of a confirmed EVD outbreak in the country. We describe Uganda’s experience in EVD preparedness. RESULTS: On 4 August 2018, the Uganda Ministry of Health (MoH) activated the Public Health Emergency Operations Centre (PHEOC) and the National Task Force (NTF) for public health emergencies to plan, guide, and coordinate EVD preparedness in the country. The NTF selected an Incident Management Team (IMT), constituting a National Rapid Response Team (NRRT) that supported activation of the District Task Forces (DTFs) and District Rapid Response Teams (DRRTs) that jointly assessed levels of preparedness in 30 designated high-risk districts representing category 1 (20 districts) and category 2 (10 districts). The MoH, with technical guidance from the World Health Organisation (WHO), led EVD preparedness activities and worked together with other ministries and partner organisations to enhance community-based surveillance systems, develop and disseminate risk communication messages, engage communities, reinforce EVD screening and infection prevention measures at Points of Entry (PoEs) and in high-risk health facilities, construct and equip EVD isolation and treatment units, and establish coordination and procurement mechanisms. CONCLUSION: As of 31 May 2019, there was no confirmed case of EVD as Uganda has continued to make significant and verifiable progress in EVD preparedness. There is a need to sustain these efforts, not only in EVD preparedness but also across the entire spectrum of a multi-hazard framework. These efforts strengthen country capacity and compel the country to avail resources for preparedness and management of incidents at the source while effectively cutting costs of using a “fire-fighting” approach during public health emergencies. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7081536/ doi: 10.1186/s12992-020-00548-5 id: cord-299627-nu4typ7j author: Acuin, Cecilia S title: Maternal, neonatal, and child health in southeast Asia: towards greater regional collaboration date: 2011-01-25 words: 6808.0 sentences: 340.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299627-nu4typ7j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299627-nu4typ7j.txt summary: We used the following search terms: "Asia", "Asia and Pacifi c", "Southeast Asia", "SEA", "Association of Southeast Asian Nations", and "ASEAN" (for geographic location); "Cambodia", "Indonesia", "Lao PDR", "Laos", "Malaysia", "Myanmar", "Philippines", "Thailand", and "Vietnam" (our countries of interest); "(maternal OR child OR neonatal) AND (health OR health care)", "(health OR mortality) AND (pregnancy OR pregnant)", and "(health OR mortality) AND (maternal OR neonatal OR infant OR child OR under 5 years" (for health conditions); "health systems", "health fi nancing", "leadership", "governance", "information systems", "delivery and organization of services", "regulation of health products", "human resources" (for health systems); "maternal mortality ratio", "infant mortality rate", "neonatal mortality rate", "under 5 mortality rate", "skilled birth attendance", "antenatal care", "prenatal care", "immunization", "maternal and child nutrition", and "causes of maternal, infant and child mortality" (for mortality and health programme indicators); and "gross domestic product", "GDP", "GDP per capita", "national health accounts", "NHA", "public and private health expenditures", and "(out-of-pocket OR OOP) health expenditures" (for fi nance). abstract: Although maternal and child mortality are on the decline in southeast Asia, there are still major disparities, and greater equity is key to achieve the Millennium Development Goals. We used comparable cross-national data sources to document mortality trends from 1990 to 2008 and to assess major causes of maternal and child deaths. We present inequalities in intervention coverage by two common measures of wealth quintiles and rural or urban status. Case studies of reduction in mortality in Thailand and Indonesia indicate the varying extents of success and point to some factors that accelerate progress. We developed a Lives Saved Tool analysis for the region and for country subgroups to estimate deaths averted by cause and intervention. We identified three major patterns of maternal and child mortality reduction: early, rapid downward trends (Brunei, Singapore, Malaysia, and Thailand); initially high declines (sustained by Vietnam but faltering in the Philippines and Indonesia); and high initial rates with a downward trend (Laos, Cambodia, and Myanmar). Economic development seems to provide an important context that should be coupled with broader health-system interventions. Increasing coverage and consideration of the health-system context is needed, and regional support from the Association of Southeast Asian Nations can provide increased policy support to achieve maternal, neonatal, and child health goals. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(10)62049-1 doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(10)62049-1 id: cord-023853-y5g4ceq9 author: Affolder, Rebecca title: Global Immunization Challenge: Progress and Opportunities date: 2009-05-18 words: 7958.0 sentences: 356.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-023853-y5g4ceq9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-023853-y5g4ceq9.txt summary: Various innovative options for financing wider access to new and underused vaccines in poor countries are explored, including the role of the International Finance Facility for Immunization (IFFIm), the Advanced Market Commitment (AMCs), the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPCI) and Multilateral Debt Relief (MDRI) initiatives, and the Debt Buy-Down program of the World Bank. Through this approach, which will be evaluated in 2010, GAVI Alliance partners are working to help countries to be on a trajectory of eventual independence from GAVI support, acknowledging, however, that, for most of the GAVI-eligible countries this is likely to require a very long time Over the next decade, the ability of developing countries to achieve sustainable introduction of new technologies will be largely dependent on how donor funds are provided, particularly whether there is a shift toward long-term, predictable aid and if innovative financing instruments are appropriately aligned and taken to scale. abstract: After reading this chapter and answering the discussion questions that follow, you should be able to: Outline important milestones in the emergence of vaccines as a means of disease control and prevention. Discuss factors that underpin the disparity in access to vaccines between rich and poor countries. Identify and appraise innovative options for financing vaccine development, and for ensuring wider access to new and underused vaccines in developing countries. Evaluate strategies for ensuring sustainability in vaccine development, management, and access. Outline priorities for future research, policy, and practice with regard to vaccine development, procurement, and access. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7176199/ doi: 10.1007/b106524_23 id: cord-019057-3j2fl358 author: Afolabi, Michael Olusegun title: Pandemic Influenza: A Comparative Ethical Approach date: 2018-08-28 words: 13973.0 sentences: 856.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-019057-3j2fl358.txt txt: ./txt/cord-019057-3j2fl358.txt summary: This biological fact makes it difficult to stockpile influenza vaccines ahead of outbreaks and, by consequence, limits the preparedness efforts geared towards confronting the public health challenges and moral quandaries. But considering the limitations associated with antiviral drugs as well as vaccines in relation to combating pandemic influenza, some form of non-therapeutic approach is necessary, at least as some adjunct to mitigate the overall impact of pandemic influenza on the local and global human community. This implies that the care ethical lens may have some limitations in relation to sufficiently engaging the ethical dilemmas raised by pandemic influenza in particular and other types of public health disasters, in general. The chapter explored the strengths of the communitarian and care ethics moral lenses in relation to engaging the moral quandaries elicited during pandemic influenza outbreaks. abstract: Community-networks such as families and schools may foster and propagate some types of public health disasters. For such disasters, a communitarian-oriented ethical lens offers useful perspectives into the underlying relational nexus that favors the spread of infection. This chapter compares two traditional bioethical lenses—the communitarian and care ethics framework—vis-à-vis their capacities to engage the moral quandaries elicited by pandemic influenza. It argues that these quandaries preclude the analytical lens of ethical prisms that are individual-oriented but warrant a people-oriented approach. Adopting this dual approach offers both a contrastive and a complementary way of rethinking the underlying socioethical tensions elicited by pandemic influenza in particular and other public health disasters generally. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7124108/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-92765-7_3 id: cord-253853-jocwiafy author: Ahmed, Naseer title: Knowledge, Awareness and Practice of Health care Professionals amid SARS-CoV-2, Corona Virus Disease Outbreak date: 2020-05-17 words: 3434.0 sentences: 198.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253853-jocwiafy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253853-jocwiafy.txt summary: METHODS: A cross sectional study was conducted by administering a well-structured questionnaire comprising of three sections including knowledge, attitude and practice amongst health care professionals in various hospitals and clinics, over a duration of two months ''Feb-March'' 2020. 11 Health care professionals (HCP) including nurses, doctors, intensivist, paramedics, dentist and other hospital staff are playing a critical role throughout the world in combating, preventing and managing patients affected by However multiple reports of infection and fatalities of HCPs have surfaced in the last few weeks, which are of grave concern. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, awareness and practice towards COVID-19 infection and disease among health care professionals (doctors, dentist, nurses, assistants, technicians and paramedics). Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the trends in knowledge, awareness and practices amongst health care professionals towards COVID-19 disease control during the outbreak in 2020. abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the knowledge, awareness and practice level of health care workers towards Corona Virus disease - 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: A cross sectional study was conducted by administering a well-structured questionnaire comprising of three sections including knowledge, attitude and practice amongst health care professionals in various hospitals and clinics, over a duration of two months ‘Feb-March’ 2020. The data from 810 participants were collected manually as well as through online survey registered on www.surveys.google.com, using a validated questionnaire. The questionnaire comprised of three sections assessing knowledge, awareness and practice of participants. The descriptive analysis was carried out for demographics and dependent variables with statistical program for social sciences. Spearman test was used to detect any relationship between the health care professional response with respect to their gender and level of education. A p value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: More than half (57.2%) of the health care professionals were working in a hospital setting. Fifty two percent of health care professionals had awareness and 72% were practicing adequate measures to combat COVID-19. The majority (81.9%) believed that the sign and symptoms are similar to a common flu and the main strata of population that could be affected by COVID-19 are elderly (79%). Seventy three percent of participants did not attend any lecture, workshop or seminar on COVID-19 for awareness purpose. Sixty seven percent of health care professionals were practicing universal precaution for infection control and 57.4% were using sodium hypochlorite as a surface disinfectant in dental surgeries. There was no significant relationship (p > 0.05) between the health care professionals’ responses with gender and their education level. CONCLUSION: The study suggests that the vast majority of the health care professionals have adequate knowledge and awareness related to COVID-19. However some aspects of practice of health care professionals were found to be deficient including, following CDC guidelines during patient care, acquiring verified knowledge related to COVID-19, disinfection protocol and the use of N-95 mask. Mandatory Continued professional development programs including lectures and workshops on COVID-19 for all health care professionals are the need of the hour, to manage the pandemic and limiting the morbidity and mortality related to it. url: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.covid19-s4.2704 doi: 10.12669/pjms.36.covid19-s4.2704 id: cord-258933-f1i3ufs7 author: Aith, Fernando title: Is COVID-19 a turning point for the health workforce? date: 2020-09-16 words: 1520.0 sentences: 77.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258933-f1i3ufs7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258933-f1i3ufs7.txt summary: Goal 3 aims to make sure everyone has access to health and health coverage and, in 2019, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the political declaration of the highlevel meeting on universal health coverage reaffirming that "health is a precondition for and an outcome and indicator of the social, economic and environmental dimensions of sustainable development".(2) The High-Level Commission on Health Employment and Economic Growth identified that investments in the health and social workforce can spur inclusive economic growth. In alignment with the priorities set by the Strategy, a special issue of the Pan American Journal of Public Health on "Human resources for Universal Health" was planned at the end of 2019 as a contribution to implementing the vision of the Astana Declaration on primary health care (6) , with the goal of stimulating research on three topics: governance, capacity building, and education and training of health workers. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32952532/ doi: 10.26633/rpsp.2020.102 id: cord-324231-nik7xizn author: Aitsi-Selmi, Amina title: Reducing risks to health and wellbeing at mass gatherings: the role of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction date: 2016-04-07 words: 2882.0 sentences: 127.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324231-nik7xizn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324231-nik7xizn.txt summary: The following actions with a public health focus are agreed in the Sendai Framework with local, national, regional, and global partners as relevant: ''''Enhancing the resilience of national health systems through training and capacity development; strengthening the design and implementation of inclusive policies and social safety-net mechanisms, including access to basic health care services towards the eradication of poverty; finding durable solutions in the post-disaster phase to empower and assist people disproportionately affected by disasters, including those with life-threatening and chronic disease; enhancing cooperation between health authorities and other relevant stakeholders to strengthen country capacity for disaster risk management for health; the implementation of the International Health Regulations (2005) and the building of resilient health systems; improving the resilience of new and existing critical infrastructure, including hospitals, to ensure that they remain safe, effective and operational during and after disasters, to provide live-saving and essential services; establishing a mechanism of case registry and a database of mortality caused by disaster to improve the prevention of morbidity and mortality and enhancing recovery schemes to provide psychosocial support and mental health services for all people in need''''. abstract: Mass gatherings of people at religious pilgrimages and sporting events are linked to numerous health hazards, including the transmission of infectious diseases, physical injuries, and an impact on local and global health systems and services. As with other forms of disaster, mass gathering-related disasters are the product of the management of different hazards, levels of exposure, and vulnerability of the population and environment, and require comprehensive risk management that looks beyond single hazards and response. Incorporating an all-hazard, prevention-driven, evidence-based approach that is multisectoral and multidisciplinary is strongly advocated by the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030. This paper reviews some of the broader impacts of mass gatherings, the opportunity for concerted action across policy sectors and scientific disciplines offered by the year 2015 (including through the Sendai Framework), and the elements of a 21(st) century approach to mass gatherings. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1201971216310190 doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.04.006 id: cord-266974-yrc5qnmr author: Akbulut, Nurcan title: ASPHER statement on racism and health: racism and discrimination obstruct public health’s pursuit of health equity date: 2020-07-18 words: 1242.0 sentences: 90.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266974-yrc5qnmr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266974-yrc5qnmr.txt summary: • Ethnic/racial minority groups in Europe often live in poor social conditions with precarious forms of employment, so they suffer most from the adverse socio-economic consequences of the pandemic. In summary, the pandemic has not only caused a global public health crisis; it has also increased and accentuated longstanding structural social inequalities and ethnic/racial discrimination (Devakumar et al. The amalgamation of different forms of inequalities resulting from racism and socio-economic disadvantages signals an urgent need to protect the health of vulnerable groups. ASPHER, as Europe''s representative organization for Schools of Public Health, accordingly has issued its first statement on COVID-19 impact on Health Inequalities and Vulnerable Populations on 2 June 2020 (ASPHER 2020). 5. ASPHER member schools of public health should be role models for eliminating all forms of racism, discrimination, inequality and disadvantage. Racism and discrimination are public health issues, globally and in Europe. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32683584/ doi: 10.1007/s00038-020-01442-y id: cord-347488-th07jo7u author: Akseer, Nadia title: COVID-19 pandemic and mitigation strategies: implications for maternal and child health and nutrition date: 2020-06-19 words: 3344.0 sentences: 162.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347488-th07jo7u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347488-th07jo7u.txt summary: Although there has been focus on rising rates of childhood wasting in the short term, maternal and child undernutrition rates are also likely to increase as a consequence of COVID-19 and its impacts on poverty, coverage of essential interventions, and access to appropriate nutritious foods. Key sectors at particular risk of collapse or reduced efficiency in the wake of COVID-19 include food systems, incomes, and social protection, health care services for women and children, and services and access to clean water and sanitation. A recent modelling exercise of various estimates of the potential impact of COVID-19-related economic deterioration, food insecurity, and interruption of programs of community-based detection and management of malnutrition suggests that the prevalence of wasting could increase by 10-50% with an excess of ∼40,000-2,000,000 child deaths (4) . In today''s COVID-19 environment, such systems in Peru, Kyrgyz Republic, and many other countries can be leveraged to build on and enhance social and economic protection for vulnerable families, and consequently prevent ill health and chronic undernutrition in children. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to ravage health and economic metrics globally, including progress in maternal and child nutrition. Although there has been focus on rising rates of childhood wasting in the short term, maternal and child undernutrition rates are also likely to increase as a consequence of COVID-19 and its impacts on poverty, coverage of essential interventions, and access to appropriate nutritious foods. Key sectors at particular risk of collapse or reduced efficiency in the wake of COVID-19 include food systems, incomes, and social protection, health care services for women and children, and services and access to clean water and sanitation. This review highlights key areas of concern for maternal and child nutrition during and in the aftermath of COVID-19 while providing strategic guidance for countries in their efforts to reduce maternal and child undernutrition. Rooted in learnings from the exemplars in Global Health's Stunting Reduction Exemplars project, we provide a set of recommendations that span investments in sectors that have sustained direct and indirect impact on nutrition. These include interventions to strengthen the food-supply chain and reducing food insecurity to assist those at immediate risk of food shortages. Other strategies could include targeted social safety net programs, payment deferrals, or tax breaks as well as suitable cash-support programs for the most vulnerable. Targeting the most marginalized households in rural populations and urban slums could be achieved through deploying community health workers and supporting women and community members. Community-led sanitation programs could be key to ensuring healthy household environments and reducing undernutrition. Additionally, several COVID-19 response measures such as contact tracing and self-isolation could also be exploited for nutrition protection. Global health and improvements in undernutrition will require governments, donors, and development partners to restrategize and reprioritize investments for the COVID-19 era, and will necessitate data-driven decision making, political will and commitment, and international unity. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32559276/ doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa171 id: cord-261524-nqukwoqz author: Al-Mohaithef, Mohammed title: Evaluation of Public Health Education and Workforce Needs in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia date: 2020-03-17 words: 5124.0 sentences: 237.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261524-nqukwoqz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261524-nqukwoqz.txt summary: The quantitative data obtained in second phase showed the faculty member''s perspective about public health courses with sub-specialty needed to be set up in educational institutions to create competent workforce in public health were epidemiology (70.7%), environmental health (58.5%), public health education and promotion (56.1%), food safety (53.7%) and infection control (53.7%) should ( Table 3) . The students showed interest in perceiving the public health in sub-specialty epidemiology (38.5%), public health education and promotion (36.5%) and infection control (35.5%) and this finding shows availability of competent workforce in future (Table 4 ). This assessment of the educational needs of local public health organizations is an important step toward development of appropriate programs at the academic level to improve core competencies for public health professionals. Therefore, approximately 92.7% of Health Science faculty members and 97.5% of students had the opinion that there is a need to establish educational programs in Saudi Universities related to Public Health. abstract: Background: An efficient public health workforce is necessary for improving and maintaining the health of population and such a workforce can be prepared through proper educational programs and trainings. Objectives: The present study aims to investigate the needs in the public health education programs, as well as need and availability of competent public health workforce in labour market of Saudi Arabia. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional survey was administered in two phases in the college of Health Sciences at the Saudi Electronic University (SEU). The first phase was carried out between September 2015 and December 2015, which involved interview with administrative heads of four health-related organizations. The second phase was performed in September 2017 and June 2018 after starting an undergraduate course in public health at the university. A total of 41 faculty and 408 students from different branches of SEU participated in the online survey. Results: According to administrative head of public health-related organization, there is a shortage of qualified workforce in public health. All the four organizations need workforce with the master degree in sub-speciality epidemiology. About 97.5% students agreed there is a shortage of public health speciality in these organizations. About 92.7% faculty had an opinion that there is a requirement to set-up educational programs in public health. To overcome the shortage of competent workforce, two organizations showed interest in updating their employees’ skill through bridging courses. The students perceiving bachelor course in public health showed interest to accomplish master’s degree in epidemiology (38.5%), public health education and promotion (36.5%) and infection control (35.5%). Conclusion: There is a shortage of expertise in the public health organizations and there is a need for development of more public health schools in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The establishment of public health courses especially in the field of epidemiology at undergraduate and graduate level will help in the development of efficient and competent public health workforce. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32175716/ doi: 10.2991/jegh.k.191123.001 id: cord-340676-prp0l5br author: Alang, Sirry title: Survey of the Health of Urban Residents: a Community-Driven Assessment of Conditions Salient to the Health of Historically Excluded Populations in the USA date: 2020-08-24 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: Data from the Survey of the Health of Urban Residents (SHUR) identified connections between police brutality and medical mistrust, generating significant media, policy, and research attention. Amidst intersecting crises of COVID-19, racism, and police brutality, this report describes survey development and data collection procedures for the SHUR. BASIC PROCEDURES: We conducted focus groups with Black men, Latinxs, and immigrants in Allentown, Pennsylvania. Findings were used to develop and refine measures of conditions salient to the health of urban residents across the country. Quota sampling was employed; oversampling people of color and persons whose usual source of care was not a doctor’s office. MAIN FINDINGS: Non-Hispanic Whites made up just under two thirds of the sample (63.65%, n = 2793). Black/African American respondents accounted for 14.2% of the sample (n = 623), while 11.62% (n = 510) were Latinx. Only 43.46% of respondents reported a doctor’s office as their usual source of care. Novel measures of population-specific stressors include a range of negative encounters with the police, frequency of these encounters, and respondents’ assessments of whether the encounters were necessary. SHUR assessed the likelihood of calling the police if there is a problem, worries about incarceration, and cause-specific stressors such as race-related impression management. PRINCIPAL CONCLUSIONS: SHUR (n = 4389) is a useful resource for researchers seeking to address the health implications of experiences not frequently measured by national health surveillance surveys. It includes respondents’ zip codes, presenting the opportunity to connect these data with zip code-level health system, social and economic characteristics that shape health beyond individual factors. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-020-00852-1 doi: 10.1007/s40615-020-00852-1 id: cord-021121-qgqzr6n2 author: Albrecht, Harro title: Global Health. Die Gesundheit der Welt in der internationalen Politik date: 2008-10-27 words: 2681.0 sentences: 345.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-021121-qgqzr6n2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-021121-qgqzr6n2.txt summary: Mehr Entwicklungshilfe im Kampf gegen Krankheiten und insbesondere Aids, so die Hoffnung der US-Regierung, würde nicht nur den Betroffenen helfen, sondern auch einen spürbaren wirtschaftlichen Aufschwung in den ärmsten Ländern nach sich ziehen und dadurch weltweit die Sicherheitslage verbessern. Nach der Definition des Institute of Medicine in Washington, D.C. beschäftigt sich Global Health mit Gesundheitsproblemen, welche die nationalen Grenzen überschreiten, die Lebensumstände und Erfahrungen anderer Staaten beeinflussen und die am besten durch Kooperation gelöst werden können. 3 Das ist insbesondere deshalb erstaunlich, weil die Public Health-Idee sich aus Überlegungen des deutschen Arztes und Politikers Rudolf Virchow aus dem 19. Weil Public Health dabei nicht nur die Pathologie spezifischer Erkrankungen, sondern auch die Lebensbedingungen des Menschen einbezieht, berührt das Fachgebiet unter anderem auch Fragen der Wirtschaft, Psychologie, Politik und Kultur -oder wie Rudolf Virchow es ausdrückte: "Die Medicin ist eine sociale Wissenschaft, und die Politik ist nichts weiter als Medicin im Großen." Global Health als Ausdehnung von Public Health im weltweiten Maßstab ist eines der umfassendsten Wissenschaftsgebiete. abstract: With the adoption of the Millenium Development Goals in 2000, global health attracted notice to a worldwide public. This article analyzes the origins, the concept and the universal relevance of global health, discusses several international development programs (supported by the USA, the UN, as well as and by private organizations) and examines their effects and their sustainability. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7149046/ doi: 10.1007/s12399-008-0003-0 id: cord-348012-idflfwpb author: Alcover, Carlos-María title: Group Membership and Social and Personal Identities as Psychosocial Coping Resources to Psychological Consequences of the COVID-19 Confinement date: 2020-10-12 words: 8758.0 sentences: 393.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348012-idflfwpb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348012-idflfwpb.txt summary: Our results show that identity-resources (membership continuity/new group memberships, and personal identity strength) are positively related to process-resources (social support and perceived personal control), and that both are related to better perceived mental health, lower levels of anxiety and depression, and higher well-being (life satisfaction and resilience) during confinement. Based on this model, our study explores whether: (1) group memberships (specifically, membership continuity and new memberships) and personal identity strength, considered as identity-resources derived from group social identities, and (2) social support (received and provided) and perceived personal control, considered as process-resources derived from the identity-resources, are related to well-being and psychological health in the confinement experience during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on this model, our study explores whether: (1) group memberships (specifically, membership continuity and new memberships) and personal identity strength, considered as identity-resources derived from group social identities, and (2) social support (received and provided) and perceived personal control, considered as process-resources derived from the identity-resources, are related to well-being and psychological health in the confinement experience during the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: The confinement imposed by measures to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic may in the short and medium term have psychological and psychosocial consequences affecting the well-being and mental health of individuals. This study aims to explore the role played by group membership and social and personal identities as coping resources to face the experience of the COVID-19 confinement and radical disruption of social, work, family and personal life in a sample of 421 people who have experienced a month of strict confinement in the Region of Madrid. Our results show that identity-resources (membership continuity/new group memberships, and personal identity strength) are positively related to process-resources (social support and perceived personal control), and that both are related to better perceived mental health, lower levels of anxiety and depression, and higher well-being (life satisfaction and resilience) during confinement. These results, in addition to providing relevant information about the psychological consequences of this experience, constitute a solid basis for the design of psychosocial interventions based on group memberships and social identity as coping resources. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33053738/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17207413 id: cord-315260-7ay19686 author: Ali Maher, Osama title: WHO Paradoxes in Emergency Operations: The Dilemma of a UN Specialized Agency date: 2020-05-11 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The past two decades have witnessed a major shift in humanitarian operations to respond to more internal conflicts instead of the traditional cross-border wars. Over the recent years, two major shifts have taken place within the WHO to orient toward response to emergencies, namely the introduction of the Humanitarian Reform and the Cluster Approach in 2005 and the introduction of the Emergency Response Framework (ERF). The financing of the agency in humanitarian operations is adding emerging elements to the WHO operations, especially because of the constantly higher contribution from non-state- and state- funding agencies. Pending issues include aspects like health strategy, conflict analysis, legal issues of aid delivery, impartiality in delivering services, and other aspects and needs. url: https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2020.152 doi: 10.1017/dmp.2020.152 id: cord-016357-s5iavz3u author: Ali, Harris title: The Social and Political Dimensions of the Ebola Response: Global Inequality, Climate Change, and Infectious Disease date: 2015-09-12 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The 2014 Ebola crisis has highlighted public-health vulnerabilities in Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Guinea—countries ravaged by extreme poverty, deforestation and mining-related disruption of livelihoods and ecosystems, and bloody civil wars in the cases of Liberia and Sierra Leone. Ebola’s emergence and impact are grounded in the legacy of colonialism and its creation of enduring inequalities within African nations and globally, via neoliberalism and the Washington Consensus. Recent experiences with new and emerging diseases such as SARS and various strains of HN influenzas have demonstrated the effectiveness of a coordinated local and global public health and education-oriented response to contain epidemics. To what extent is international assistance to fight Ebola strengthening local public health and medical capacity in a sustainable way, so that other emerging disease threats, which are accelerating with climate change, may be met successfully? This chapter considers the wide-ranging socio-political, medical, legal and environmental factors that have contributed to the rapid spread of Ebola, with particular emphasis on the politics of the global and public health response and the role of gender, social inequality, colonialism and racism as they relate to the mobilization and establishment of the public health infrastructure required to combat Ebola and other emerging diseases in times of climate change. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7120611/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-24660-4_10 id: cord-033287-24zkbi3z author: Ali, Sana title: Combatting Against Covid-19 & Misinformation: A Systematic Review date: 2020-10-07 words: 5786.0 sentences: 344.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-033287-24zkbi3z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-033287-24zkbi3z.txt summary: Although increased access to digital media platforms facilitated exponential access to information during the current pandemic, several fabricated stories are shared without quality checking and background (Pan American Healthcare Organization, 2020). As the World Health Organization warned about misinformation due to an independent media usage, today, people are finding it hard to search for a reliable source of information, hindering the response efforts causing severe damage to the struggle for mitigating the outbreak (Article 19 2020). An explicit example can be seen during the Covid-19 pandemic, where different media platforms are found disseminating the myths and false information (Article 19 2020). Furthermore, false information about Covid-19 is not a new phenomenon as many academics, researchers, journalists, and policymakers approached World Health Organization and emphasized that this would cause serious risk to public mental and physical health (Brennen et al. Impact of Rumors or Misinformation on Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Social Media abstract: Accompanied by false information, mass media content is hindering efforts to cope with the current outbreak. Although the World Health Organization and other concerned bodies are notified regarding misinformation, myths and rumors are highly prevalent. This paper aims to highlight the misinformation and its potential impacts during the Covid-19 by using the Systematic Review Approach. The researcher randomly selected n = 35 research articles published from 2015 to 2020, witnessing the misinformation as a major concern during previous endemics and the current Covid-19 pandemic. Myths and rumors through traditional and new media platforms cause Xenophobia, LGBT Rights violations, and psychological disorders among the masses. Despite the efforts made by the World Health Organization, much more is required to nullify the impacts of misinformation and Covid-19. Therefore, the researcher recommended improved global healthcare policies and strategies to counteract against misinformation to mitigate the impacts of Covid-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7538536/ doi: 10.1007/s42087-020-00139-1 id: cord-261011-bcyotwkf author: Alkire, Sabina title: Global health and moral values date: 2004-09-17 words: 3399.0 sentences: 186.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261011-bcyotwkf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261011-bcyotwkf.txt summary: To stimulate discussion, we have selected four major schools of moral values commonly used to justify global health initiatives: humanitarianism, utilitarianism, equity, and rights. At present, whether the 3 by 5 initiative was evaluated according to aggregate utility (increasing the utility of people with HIV/AIDS) or distributional equity (increasing the numbers of people in developing countries who are given antiretroviral treatment), human rights (for health care), or the need www.thelancet.com Vol 364 September 18, 2004 1071 De Cock 21 argued that a public health rather than a human rights approach should frame responses to HIV/AIDS in Africa, but again this analysis is based on a very narrow example of both ethical schools. A common usage of moral values is advocacy, often to rich and powerful leaders, institutions, and nation states with the goal of mobilising resources-finance, political will, human motivations-on behalf of particular health action. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0140673604170633 doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(04)17063-3 id: cord-261595-c69vfs8q author: Allegranzi, Benedetta title: Religion and culture: Potential undercurrents influencing hand hygiene promotion in health care date: 2008-10-03 words: 3507.0 sentences: 177.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261595-c69vfs8q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261595-c69vfs8q.txt summary: RESULTS: Religious faith and culture can strongly influence hand hygiene behavior in health care workers and potentially affect compliance with best practices. The Task Force was created to explore the potential influence of transcultural and religious factors on attitudes toward hand hygiene practices among health care workers and to identify some possible solutions for integrating these into strategies for improving hand hygiene. Of the remaining articles, only 27 referred to cultural and/or religious aspects influencing health, in particular hygiene, hand hygiene practices, and alcohol prohibition according to the most important religions; these were retained for review. Otherwise, rubbing the hands with an alcohol-based formulation is recommended as the preferred practice for all other hand hygiene indications during patient care, because it is faster, more effective, and better tolerated by the skin. abstract: BACKGROUND: Health care–associated infections affect hundreds of millions of patients worldwide each year. The World Health Organization's (WHO) First Global Patient Safety Challenge, “Clean Care is Safer Care,” is tackling this major patient safety problem, with the promotion of hand hygiene in health care as the project's cornerstone. WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Healthcare have been prepared by a large group of international experts and are currently in a pilot-test phase to assess feasibility and acceptability in different health care settings worldwide. METHODS: An extensive literature search was conducted and experts and religious authorities were consulted to investigate religiocultural factors that may potentially influence hand hygiene promotion, offer possible solutions, and suggest areas for future research. RESULTS: Religious faith and culture can strongly influence hand hygiene behavior in health care workers and potentially affect compliance with best practices. Interesting data were retrieved on specific indications for hand cleansing according to the 7 main religions worldwide, interpretation of hand gestures, the concept of “visibly dirty” hands, and the use of alcohol-based hand rubs and prohibition of alcohol use by some religions. CONCLUSIONS: The impact of religious faith and cultural specificities must be taken into consideration when implementing a multimodal strategy to promote hand hygiene on a global scale. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18834738/ doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2008.01.014 id: cord-272933-b2phq37e author: Alonso Tabares, Diego title: An airport operations proposal for a pandemic-free air travel date: 2020-10-08 words: 6828.0 sentences: 372.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272933-b2phq37e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272933-b2phq37e.txt summary: This paper proposes a pandemic-free travel concept based on creating an infectious diseases free zone in the airport terminal building through screening of passengers, crews and airport workers. First, preparing to restart and recover aviation to normal traffic levels; then, being ready for the next health crisis and secure passenger confidence in air travel (IATA, 2020b) . The companies working at the airport terminal building premises (airports, airlines, ground handlers, national agencies, subcontracted personnel, retailers …) are implementing the following measures to continue or resume operations (ACI-Europe, 2020; Changi airport, 2020; U.S. Department of Transportation, 2020), to prevent the spread of COVID-19: -Cleaning and sanitizing: enhancing sanitation of floors, carpets, high-contact areas … also, providing hand sanitizers and wipes for facility users. Its success will depend on technical advances on infectious detection means, acceptance to replace quarantines by testing, build of appropriate industry standards and State regulations, adequate health screening responsibility management, public opinion and support by all the air travel stakeholders. abstract: The aviation industry needs to work on the resilience of air travel against health threats and regain passenger trust. This paper proposes a pandemic-free travel concept based on creating an infectious diseases free zone in the airport terminal building through screening of passengers, crews and airport workers. This research shows that infectious disease detection methods applicable at the airport could be available in a short timeframe, at affordable cost and in scale. The potential location of passenger health screening, facilitation requirements, health responsibilities delegation and appropriate usage of industry standards for regulations are key elements to a potential implementation that would be phased and long term. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2020.101943 doi: 10.1016/j.jairtraman.2020.101943 id: cord-310557-d33ll0ka author: Alotaibi, Badriah M. title: Strengthening health security at the Hajj mass gatherings: characteristics of the infectious diseases surveillance systems operational during the 2015 Hajj date: 2017-02-26 words: 4299.0 sentences: 194.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310557-d33ll0ka.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310557-d33ll0ka.txt summary: Method: We reviewed documents, including guidelines and reports from the Saudi Ministry of Health''s database, to describe the characteristics of the infectious diseases surveillance systems that were operational during the 2015 Hajj, highlighting best practices and gaps and proposing strategies for strengthening and improvement. During Hajj, enhanced indicator-based notifiable diseases surveillance systems complement the existing surveillance tool to ensure timely reporting of event information for appropriate action by public health officials. 10 The use of appropriate surveillance systems during mass gatherings ensures the timely collection, analysis and interpretation of health data for effective planning and response to infectious diseases threats. 14 Furthermore, there is need to sustain the enhanced surveillance system and other public health interventions at key locations in the Kingdom, including the points of entry, after the Hajj, as a prevention and control strategy for the international spread of diseases during other mass gatherings with international dimensions, principally the Umrah pilgrimage. abstract: Background: Hajj is one of the largest and the most ethnically and culturally diverse mass gatherings worldwide. The use of appropriate surveillance systems ensures timely information management for effective planning and response to infectious diseases threats during the pilgrimage. The literature describes infectious diseases prevention and control strategies for Hajj but with limited information on the operations and characteristics of the existing Hajj infectious diseases surveillance systems. Method: We reviewed documents, including guidelines and reports from the Saudi Ministry of Health’s database, to describe the characteristics of the infectious diseases surveillance systems that were operational during the 2015 Hajj, highlighting best practices and gaps and proposing strategies for strengthening and improvement. Using Pubmed and Embase online search engines and a combination of search terms including, ‘mass gatherings’ ‘Olympics’ ‘surveillance’ ‘Hajj’ ‘health security’, we explored the existing literature and highlighted some lessons learnt from other international mass gatherings. Results: A regular indicator-based infectious disease surveillance system generates routine reports from health facilities within the Kingdom to the regional and central public health directorates all year round. During Hajj, enhanced indicator-based notifiable diseases surveillance systems complement the existing surveillance tool to ensure timely reporting of event information for appropriate action by public health officials. Conclusion: There is need to integrate the existing Hajj surveillance data management systems and to implement syndromic surveillance as an early warning system for infectious disease control during Hajj. International engagement is important to strengthen Hajj infectious diseases surveillance and to prevent disease transmission and globalization of infectious agents which could undermine global health security. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taw087 doi: 10.1093/jtm/taw087 id: cord-272998-jx4xpbjl author: Alsan, Marcella title: The effect of population health on foreign direct investment inflows to low- and middle-income countries date: 2006-02-10 words: 7970.0 sentences: 437.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272998-jx4xpbjl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272998-jx4xpbjl.txt summary: This paper investigates the effect of population health on gross inflows of foreign direct investment (FDI). The Effect of Population Health on Foreign Direct Investment Inflows to Low-and Middle-Income Countries To investigate if health status of a population affects FDI inflows, we conduct a panel data analysis of 74 industrialized and developing countries over the period 1980-2000. The remainder of the paper is organized as follows: Section 2 presents stylized facts regarding FDI and its relationship to developing countries and human capital; Section 3 reviews empirical evidence and theoretical arguments for considering health as a form of human capital; Section 4 describes the theory of FDI inflows and the empirical model used in the analysis; Section 5 details the data used and our sources; Section 6 presents our empirical results; and Section 7 concludes. This paper provides empirical evidence that health is indeed a positive and statistically significant determinant of gross FDI inflows to low-and middle-income countries. abstract: This paper investigates the effect of population health on gross inflows of foreign direct investment (FDI). We conduct a panel data analysis of 74 industrialized and developing countries over 1980–2000. Our main finding is that gross inflows of FDI are strongly and positively influenced by population health in low- and middle-income countries. Our estimates suggest that raising life expectancy by one year increases gross FDI inflows by 9%, after controlling for other relevant variables. These findings are consistent with the view that health is an integral component of human capital for developing countries. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X06000027 doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2005.09.006 id: cord-008855-hahqwt5x author: Alwan, Ala title: Responding to priority health challenges in the Arab world date: 2014-01-20 words: 1900.0 sentences: 103.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-008855-hahqwt5x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-008855-hahqwt5x.txt summary: The Arab world today faces major challenges to health development, which are captured by papers in this Series. With support from WHO, and working closely with the World Bank and other partners, countries are beginning to develop a vision, Responding to priority health challenges in the Arab world I owe special thanks to a large network of Arab scientists who have contributed to this Series. The response of countries to the very clear road map for addressing non-communicable diseases outlined in the global strategy 6 and the Political Declaration of the United Nations General Assembly 7 of September, 2011, is, so far, inadequate. Collective action and solidarity are needed to deliver health services to refugees and host communities, and to increase the resilience of countries to emergencies and ensure eff ective public health responses during crises. Responding to priority health challenges in the Arab world abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7134683/ doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(13)62572-6 id: cord-332673-av2vt54r author: Alwashmi, Meshari F. title: The Use of Digital Health in the Detection and Management of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-23 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Digital health is uniquely positioned to enhance the way we detect and manage infectious diseases. This commentary explores the potential of implementing digital technologies that can be used at different stages of the COVID-19 outbreak, including data-driven disease surveillance, screening, triage, diagnosis, and monitoring. Methods that could potentially reduce the exposure of healthcare providers to the virus are also discussed. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082906 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17082906 id: cord-300022-2wfo6yql author: Ammar, Walid title: Health system resilience: Lebanon and the Syrian refugee crisis date: 2016-12-14 words: 4812.0 sentences: 249.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300022-2wfo6yql.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300022-2wfo6yql.txt summary: When studying the resilience of the Lebanese health system we drew on insights from studies of health systems that have faced refugee crises -studies which have considered the ability of a health system to maintain service delivery, prevent major outbreaks and sustain improvements in population level outcome indicators including utilization, service coverage, morbidity and mortality rates, as measures of success [30] [31] [32] [33] . The MOPH information systems and the maternal mortality observatory data sets are designed to incorporate ongoing assessment and reporting related to displaced Syrians, including for immunization coverage, disease surveillance and utilization of health services in addition to maternal and child mortality. Our findings indicate that the health system in Lebanon was able to maintain service delivery for both refugees and Lebanese citizens, prevent communicable diseases and sustain improvements in morbidity and mortality levels in the presence of major external and internal shocks, despite relatively limited increase in system inputs. abstract: BACKGROUND: Between 2011 and 2013, the Lebanese population increased by 30% due to the influx of Syrian refugees. While a sudden increase of such magnitude represents a shock to the health system, threatening the continuity of service delivery and destabilizing governance, it also offers a unique opportunity to study resilience of a health system amidst ongoing crisis. METHODS: We conceptualized resilience as the capacity of a health system to absorb internal or external shocks (for example prevent or contain disease outbreaks and maintain functional health institutions) while sustaining achievements. We explored factors contributing to the resilience of the Lebanese health system, including networking with stakeholders, diversification of the health system, adequate infrastructure and health human resources, a comprehensive communicable disease response and the integration of the refugees within the health system. RESULTS: In studying the case of Lebanon we used input–process–output–outcome approach to assess the resilience of the Lebanese health system. This approach provided us with a holistic view of the health system, as it captured not only the sustained and improved outcomes, but also the inputs and processes leading to them. CONCLUSION: Our study indicates that the Lebanese health system was resilient as its institutions sustained their performance during the crisis and even improved. url: https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.06.020704 doi: 10.7189/jogh.06.020704 id: cord-270472-tufbqesg author: Amon, Joseph J title: Human rights protections are needed alongside PPE for health-care workers responding to COVID-19 date: 2020-05-25 words: 568.0 sentences: 43.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270472-tufbqesg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270472-tufbqesg.txt summary: title: Human rights protections are needed alongside PPE for health-care workers responding to COVID-19 5 Absent from this picture were two themes reported elsewhere-the Chinese government failing to protect health-care workers or censoring and detaining them for speaking out. In February, 2020, a nurse from Wuhan Central Hospital posted a devastating picture of neglect of health workers and fear of government reprisal on social media, writing that the actual situation was "not as good as reported. 7 The Chinese government is currently detaining three Beijing-based activists who operated a webpage to collect censored COVID-19 stories, and two citizen journalists after reporting on the pandemic. 8 The message to health-care workers is clear-resilience amid challenges does not include demanding adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) or speaking out about conditions. Censorship and attacks on healthcare workers responding to COVID-19 are not limited to China. The experiences of health-care providers during the COVID-19 crisis in China: a qualitative study abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32464110/ doi: 10.1016/s2214-109x(20)30252-7 id: cord-315170-ykqnbsqe author: Amore Bonapasta, Stefano title: Emergency laparoscopic surgery during COVID-19: what can we do and how to do it safely date: 2020-05-21 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32404632/ doi: 10.1097/ta.0000000000002784 id: cord-341256-2j0tqmd4 author: An, Ying title: Prevalence of depression and its impact on quality of life among frontline nurses in emergency departments during the COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-07-15 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: Frontline medical staff exposed to the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) could be psychologically and mentally exhausted. This study examined the prevalence of depressive symptoms (depression hereafter) and its correlates and the association between depression and quality of life (QOL) in Emergency Department (ED) nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. METHODS: This national, cross-sectional online survey was conducted between March 15 to March 20, 2020 in China. Depression and QOL were measured using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire, and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire-Brief Version, respectively. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of depression in 1,103 ED nurses was 43.61% (95% CI=40.68%-46.54%). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that working in tertiary hospitals (OR=1.647, P=0.009), direct patient care of COVID-19 patients (OR=1.421, P=0.018), and currently smoking (OR=3.843, P<0.001) were significantly associated with depression. After controlling for covariates, nurses with depression had an overall lower quality of life compared to those without (F((1,1103))=423.83, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Depression is common among ED nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Considering the negative impact of depression on quality of patient care and nurses’ quality of life, a heightened awareness and early treatment of depression for frontline ED nurses should be provided. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.047 doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.047 id: cord-207920-ekv04pop author: Andersson, Tommy title: Optimal Trade-Off Between Economic Activity and Health During an Epidemic date: 2020-05-15 words: 3940.0 sentences: 253.0 pages: flesch: 67.0 cache: ./cache/cord-207920-ekv04pop.txt txt: ./txt/cord-207920-ekv04pop.txt summary: This paper considers a simple model where a social planner can influence the spread-intensity of an infection wave, and, consequently, also the economic activity and population health, through a single parameter. The main finding is that if (i) the planner attaches a positive weight on economic activity and (ii) it is more harmful for the economy to be locked down for longer than shorter time periods, then the optimal policy is to (weakly) exceed health care capacity at some time. A lower spread-intensity increases economic activity, but harms population health if the number of infected at the peak of the epidemic exceeds health care capacity. The above two propositions states that if the social planner only values health or if the economy is equally affected independently of when the infection wave peaks, the optimal policy is to never exceed health care capacity. abstract: This paper considers a simple model where a social planner can influence the spread-intensity of an infection wave, and, consequently, also the economic activity and population health, through a single parameter. Population health is assumed to only be negatively affected when the number of simultaneously infected exceeds health care capacity. The main finding is that if (i) the planner attaches a positive weight on economic activity and (ii) it is more harmful for the economy to be locked down for longer than shorter time periods, then the optimal policy is to (weakly) exceed health care capacity at some time. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.07590v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-017334-u1brl2bi author: Annandale, Ellen title: Society, Differentiation and Globalisation date: 2017-07-21 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: First, theories of globalisation and their implications for the analysis of health issues are discussed. Emphasis is on: (1) globalisation as embodied, something often overlooked by sociologists working outside of the field of health and (2) health vulnerabilities that arise from the heightened mobility and connectivities that characterise globalisation, taking migration and health as an illustration. Second, differentiation is considered by highlighting disparities in health vulnerability and the capacity of social groups to protect their health. This is illustrated by reference to the securitisation of health and the health consequences of violent conflict and the special vulnerabilities of children and of women. Third, the influence of interconnectedness of various national healthcare systems and implications for the delivery of effective healthcare are considered. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7121864/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-60786-3_2 id: cord-343073-lwbddab2 author: Antiporta, D. A. title: Emerging Mental Health Challenges, Strategies and Opportunities in the context of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspectives from South American Decision-makers. date: 2020-07-18 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Background Mental health awareness has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although international guidelines address the mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) response to emergencies, regional recommendations on COVID-19 are still insufficient. We identified emerging mental health problems, strategies to address them, and opportunities to reform mental health systems during the COVID-19 pandemic in South America. Methods An anonymous online questionnaire was sent to mental health decision-makers of Ministries of Health in 10 South American countries in mid-April 2020. The semi-structured questionnaire had 12 questions clustered into 3 main sections: emerging challenges in mental health, current and potential strategies to face the pandemic, and, key elements for mental health reform. We identified keywords and themes for each section through summative content analysis. Findings An increasing mental health burden and emerging needs are arising as direct and indirect consequences of the pandemic among health care providers and the general population. National lockdowns challenge the delivery and access to mental health treatment and care. Strategies to meet these health needs rely heavily on timely and adequate responses by strengthened mental health governance and systems, availability of services, virtual platforms, and appropriate capacity building for service providers. Short- and medium-term strategies focused on bolstering community-based mental health networks and telemedicine for high-risk populations. Opportunities for long-term mental health reform entail strengthening legal frameworks, redistribution of financial resources and collaboration with local and international partners. Interpretation Mental health and psychosocial support have been identified as a priority area by South American countries in the COVID-19 response. The pandemic has generated specific needs that require appropriate actions including: implementing virtual based interventions, orienting capacity building towards protection of users and health providers, strengthening evidence-driven decision making and integrating MHPSS in high-level mechanisms guiding the response to COVID-19. Funding None. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.16.20155630 doi: 10.1101/2020.07.16.20155630 id: cord-278533-3gpkb8nm author: Appireddy, Ramana title: Tackling the Burden of Neurological Diseases in Canada with Virtual Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond date: 2020-05-12 words: 2483.0 sentences: 146.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278533-3gpkb8nm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278533-3gpkb8nm.txt summary: 3 Virtual health care solutions are one way we can offer transformative changes to the practice of neurological ambulatory care in Canada, in order to meet some of the unmet needs of this challenging patient population. 11 Physicians were able to assess patients more quickly via eVisit than via an in-person encounter, thus increasing the timely availability of health care. 14 Provided through the Ontario Telemedicine Network, eVisits were used exclusively for follow-up of clinical activities like the review of investigations, symptom management, therapeutic decisions, medication titration, other specialist consultations, patient counselling, and education. The high uptake in these clinics is due to multiple factors including the nature of the disease, patient barriers to accessing outpatient care (lack of driving privileges, physical disability, etc.), as well as the limited requirement for detailed hands-on neurological examination during follow-ups for epilepsy and sleep. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32394872/ doi: 10.1017/cjn.2020.92 id: cord-332579-7950xjmv author: Aravena, J. M. title: 'Drawing on Wisdom to Cope with Adversity:' A Systematic Review Protocol of Older Adults' Mental and Psychosocial Health During Acute Respiratory Disease Propagated-Type Epidemics and Pandemics (COVID-19, SARS-CoV, MERS, and Influenza). date: 2020-06-07 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Background: Mental health has become one of the fundamental priorities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Situations like physical distancing as well as being constantly tagged as the most vulnerable group could expose older adults to mental and psychosocial burdens. Nonetheless, there is little clarity about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic or similar pandemics in the past on the mental illness, wellbeing, and psychosocial health of the older population compared to other age groups. Objectives: To describe the patterns of older adults' mental and psychosocial health related to acute respiratory disease propagated-type epidemics and pandemics and to evaluate the differences with how other age groups respond. Eligibility criteria: quantitative and qualitative studies evaluating mental illness, wellbeing, or psychosocial health outcomes associated with respiratory propagated epidemics and pandemics exposure or periods (COVID-19, SARS-CoV, MERS, and Influenza) in people 65 years or older. Data source: Original articles published until June 1st, 2020, in any language searched in the electronic healthcare and social sciences database: MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, WHO Global literature on coronavirus disease database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure ( - CNKI). Furthermore, EPPI Centre's COVID-19 living systematic map and the publicly available publication list of the COVID-19 living systematic review will be incorporated for preprints and recent COVID-19 publications. Data extraction: Two independent reviewers will extract predefined parameters. The risk of bias will be assessed. Data synthesis: Data synthesis will be performed according to study type and design, type of epidemic and pandemic, types of outcomes (mental health and psychosocial outcomes), and participant characteristics (e.g., sex, race, age, socioeconomic status, food security, presence of dependency in daily life activities independent/dependent older adults). Comparison between sex, race, and other age groups will be performed qualitatively, and quantitatively if enough data is available. The risk of bias and study heterogeneity will be reported for quantitative studies. Conclusion: This study will provide information to take actions to address potential mental health difficulties during the COVID-19 pandemic in older adults and to understand responses on this age group. Furthermore, it will be useful to identify potential groups that are more vulnerable or resilient to the mental-health challenges of the current worldwide pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.04.20122812 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.04.20122812 id: cord-271892-cadjzw9h author: Ario, Alex Riolexus title: Uganda public health fellowship program’s contribution to building a resilient and sustainable public health system in Uganda date: 2019-05-23 words: 3901.0 sentences: 173.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271892-cadjzw9h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271892-cadjzw9h.txt summary: Methods: To develop a competent workforce to manage epidemics and improve disease surveillance, Uganda Ministry of Health (MoH) established an advanced-level Field Epidemiology Training Program, called Public Health Fellowship Program (PHFP); closely modelled after the US CDC''s Epidemic Intelligence Service. The shortage of field epidemiologists in Uganda to address critical aspects of health in the public sector prompted the Uganda Ministry of Health (MoH), with support of key partners including Makerere University School of Public Health (MakSPH) and US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), to establish the Uganda Public Health Fellowship Program (PHFP) in 2015. During the two-year fellowship period, fellows are required to attain certain core competencies in domains that include public health emergency response, surveillance data analysis, surveillance system evaluation, applied epidemiologic study, cost analysis of outbreaks, quality improvement science, burden of disease estimation, and leadership skills. abstract: Background: Low-income countries with relatively weak-health systems are highly vulnerable to public health threats. Effective public health system with a workforce to investigate outbreaks can reduce disease impact on livelihoods and economic development. Building effective public health partnerships is critical for sustainability of such a system. Uganda has made significant progress in responding to emergencies during the past quarter century, but its public health workforce is still inadequate in number and competency. Objectives: To reinforce implementation of priority public health programs in Uganda and cultivate core capacities for compliance with International Health Regulations. Methods: To develop a competent workforce to manage epidemics and improve disease surveillance, Uganda Ministry of Health (MoH) established an advanced-level Field Epidemiology Training Program, called Public Health Fellowship Program (PHFP); closely modelled after the US CDC’s Epidemic Intelligence Service. PHFP is a 2-year, full-time, non-degree granting program targeting mid-career public health professionals. Fellows spend 85% of their field time in MoH placements learning through service delivery and gaining competencies in major domains. Results: During 2015–2018, PHFP enrolled 41 fellows, and graduated 30. Fellows were placed in 19 priority areas at MoH and completed 235 projects (91 outbreaks, 12 refugee assessments, 50 surveillance, and 60 epidemiologic studies, 3 cost analysis and 18 quality improvement); made 194 conference presentations; prepared 63 manuscripts for peer-reviewed publications (27 published as of December 2018); produced MoH bulletins, and developed three case studies. Projects have resulted in public health interventions with improvements in surveillance systems and disease control. Conclusion: During the 4 years of existence, PHFP has contributed greatly to improving real-time disease surveillance and outbreak response core capacities. Enhanced focus on evidence-based targeted approaches has increased effectiveness in outbreak response and control, and integration of PHFP within MoH has contributed to building a resilient and sustainable health system in Uganda. url: https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2019.1609825 doi: 10.1080/16549716.2019.1609825 id: cord-018566-dd5gw66t author: Armbruster, Walter J. title: The Political Economy of US Antibiotic Use in Animal Feed date: 2018-05-30 words: 11422.0 sentences: 530.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-018566-dd5gw66t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-018566-dd5gw66t.txt summary: This chapter examines the evidence for antibiotic resistance in the United States and globally, the public health implications, and the impact of—and related industry and political responses to—antibiotic use in animal feed. The major stakeholders include pharmaceutical companies, production integrators, feed suppliers, farm groups, producers, restaurants, food retailers, the public, the medical community, the scientific community, government regulators and policy makers. In 1969, the United Kingdom''s (UK) Parliament received the Swann Report, which concluded that using antimicrobials at sub-therapeutic levels in food-producing animals created risks to human and animal health (Joint Committee on the use of Antibiotics in Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine 1969). This scenario could be exacerbated to the extent FSIS approves additional international facilities, local regulations, and inspections as "equivalent to the United States." Future trade agreements will need to include provisions which address reduced use of medically important antibiotics in producing food animals. abstract: This chapter examines the evidence for antibiotic resistance in the United States and globally, the public health implications, and the impact of—and related industry and political responses to—antibiotic use in animal feed. In 1969, the Swann Report in the United Kingdom noted a dramatic increase in antibiotic-resistant bacteria in food animals receiving low levels of antibiotics in their feed. While the Food and Drug Administration of the United States sought to control antibiotics in animal feed as far back as 1977, only in 2016 were such regulations fully implemented. The farm-level costs of such controls are estimated by the US Department of Agriculture’s Economic Research Service to be minimal, while the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s estimates of the public health costs of antibiotic resistance without implementing controls are $7 billion annually. The complex interactions which exist between economic interests, regulatory policy, and human and animal health are explored in this chapter. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7123476/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-92138-9_15 id: cord-251962-xeue441p author: Armour, Cherie title: The COVID-19 Psychological Wellbeing Study: Understanding the Longitudinal Psychosocial Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the UK; a Methodological Overview Paper date: 2020-11-04 words: 10287.0 sentences: 482.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-251962-xeue441p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-251962-xeue441p.txt summary: The aim of this paper was to describe (1) the rationale behind the study and the corresponding selection of constructs to be assessed; (2) the study design and methodology; (3) the resultant sociodemographic characteristics of the full sample; (4) how the baseline survey data compares to the UK adult population (using data from the Census) on a variety of sociodemographic variables; (5) the ongoing efforts for weekly and monthly longitudinal assessments of the baseline cohort; and (6) outline future research directions. 2005) , posttraumatic stress symptoms were measured, and, given the nature of the study and prior research having highlighted that quarantined and infected individuals and their family 1 Please note that these figures refer to deaths of people who had a confirmed positive COVID19 test result. In order to assess the representativeness of the COVID-19 Psychological Wellbeing Study sample to the UK general population, it was compared to data from the UK Census 2011 for adults aged 18 years + . abstract: The COVID-19 Psychological Wellbeing Study was designed and implemented as a rapid survey of the psychosocial impacts of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), known as COVID-19 in residents across the United Kingdom. This study utilised a longitudinal design to collect online survey based data. The aim of this paper was to describe (1) the rationale behind the study and the corresponding selection of constructs to be assessed; (2) the study design and methodology; (3) the resultant sociodemographic characteristics of the full sample; (4) how the baseline survey data compares to the UK adult population (using data from the Census) on a variety of sociodemographic variables; (5) the ongoing efforts for weekly and monthly longitudinal assessments of the baseline cohort; and (6) outline future research directions. We believe the study is in a unique position to make a significant contribution to the growing body of literature to help understand the psychological impact of this pandemic and inform future clinical and research directions that the UK will implement in response to COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-020-09841-4 doi: 10.1007/s10862-020-09841-4 id: cord-299613-5ju5fcf4 author: Arthi, Vellore title: Disease, downturns, and wellbeing: Economic history and the long-run impacts of COVID-19 date: 2020-11-03 words: 17509.0 sentences: 810.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299613-5ju5fcf4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299613-5ju5fcf4.txt summary: In this paper, we review the evidence on the long-run effects on health, labor, and human capital of both historical pandemics (with a focus on the 1918 Influenza Pandemic) and historical recessions (with a focus on the Great Depression). Thus, a historical perspective allows us to use rich data to look at not only the short-term effects of crises like COVID-19 on health, labor, and human capital, but also the long-term and intergenerational impacts along these dimensions for both individuals and the wider economy. To examine how history can inform our view of the coronavirus pandemic and associated policy responses as they relate to long-run wellbeing, we begin in Section II by reviewing the features of COVID-19 that will determine its potential health and economic impacts, and placing these features in historical context. abstract: How might COVID-19 affect human capital and wellbeing in the long run? The COVID-19 pandemic has already imposed a heavy human cost—taken together, this public health crisis and its attendant economic downturn appear poised to dwarf the scope, scale, and disruptiveness of most modern pandemics. What evidence we do have about other modern pandemics is largely limited to short-run impacts. Consequently, recent experience can do little to help us anticipate and respond to COVID-19’s potential long-run impact on individuals over decades and even generations. History, however, offers a solution. Historical crises offer closer analogues to COVID-19 in each of its key dimensions—as a global pandemic, as a global recession—and offer the runway necessary to study the life-course and intergenerational outcomes. In this paper, we review the evidence on the long-run effects on health, labor, and human capital of both historical pandemics (with a focus on the 1918 Influenza Pandemic) and historical recessions (with a focus on the Great Depression). We conclude by discussing how past crises can inform our approach to COVID-19—helping tell us what to look for, what to prepare for, and what data we ought to collect now. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0014498320300838 doi: 10.1016/j.eeh.2020.101381 id: cord-326414-kq8gru3c author: Aryal, Shreyashi title: Maternal Mental Health in Nepal and its Prioritization During COVID-19 Pandemic: Missing the Obvious date: 2020-07-04 words: 740.0 sentences: 41.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326414-kq8gru3c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326414-kq8gru3c.txt summary: title: Maternal Mental Health in Nepal and its Prioritization During COVID-19 Pandemic: Missing the Obvious Under-prioritization of womens'' psychiatric issue at these times would be missing the obvious. Mental health in pregnancy and puerperium is not addressed to the extent of its necessity and this pandemic has increased the ever present gap in maternal mental health issues. Nepal has just above 57% institutional deliveries and this pandemic may force women to go back Screening for maternal mental health issues is a low priority in Nepal and addressing this issue should be a priority now than ever before. A liaison plan should be made with the involvement of mental health service providers to identify antenatal and postnatal psychiatric issues during hospital stay. Pregnancy and labor cannot wait and along with this comes mental health care. We need to make sure that these women go through a pleasant birth experience through the integration of physical and mental health. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32653855/ doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102281 id: cord-307709-o6biwypo author: Asai, Atsushi title: Should We Aim to Create a Perfect Healthy Utopia? Discussions of Ethical Issues Surrounding the World of Project Itoh’s Harmony date: 2020-10-13 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: To consider whether or not we should aim to create a perfect healthy utopia on Earth, we focus on the SF novel Harmony (2008), written by Japanese writer Project Ito, and analyze various issues in the world established in the novel from a bioethical standpoint. In the world depicted in Harmony, preserving health and life is a top priority. Super-medicine is realized through highly advanced medical technologies. Citizens in Harmony are required to strictly control themselves to achieve perfect health and must always disclose their health information to the public and continuously prove their health. From a bioethical standpoint, the world in Harmony is governed by a “healthy longevity supremacy” principle, with being healthy equated to being good and right. Privacy no longer exists, as it is perceived ethical for citizens to openly communicate health-related information to establish one’s credibility. Moreover, there is no room for self-determination concerning healthcare because medical interventions and care are completely routinized, automated, centralized, and instantly provided. This is a situation where the community exhibits extremely powerful and effective paternalism. One can argue that healthy longevity is highly preferred. But is it right to aim for a perfectly healthy society at all costs? Should we sacrifice freedom, privacy, vivid feelings, and personal dignity to achieve such a world? In our view, the answer is no, as this would require the loss of many essential values. We conclude by proposing an alternative governing principle for future healthcare, and refer to it as the “do-everything-in-moderation” principle. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-020-00269-3 doi: 10.1007/s11948-020-00269-3 id: cord-034942-ezwt39rq author: Asayama, Shinichiro title: Are we ignoring a black elephant in the Anthropocene? Climate change and global pandemic as the crisis in health and equality date: 2020-11-07 words: 4536.0 sentences: 238.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-034942-ezwt39rq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-034942-ezwt39rq.txt summary: Climate change and coronavirus pandemic are the twin crises in the Anthropocene, the era in which unsustainable growth of human activities has led to a significant change in the global environment. We suggest three agendas for future climate and sustainability research after the pandemic: (1) focus on health and well-being, (2) moral engagement through empathy, and (3) science of loss for managing grief. While climate change and global pandemic can be equally understood as great challenges in the Anthropocene, their manifestation has been pronounced differently due to a difference in disciplinary concerns between environmental sustainability research and public health research. Both climate change and the coronavirus pandemic attest to the fact that we are now living in the Anthropocene, the era in which unsustainable growth of human activities has caused a significant change in the global environment. abstract: Climate change and coronavirus pandemic are the twin crises in the Anthropocene, the era in which unsustainable growth of human activities has led to a significant change in the global environment. The two crises have also exposed a chronic social illness of our time—a deep, widespread inequality in society. Whilst the circumstances are unfortunate, the pandemic can provide an opportunity for sustainability scientists to focus more on human society and its inequalities, rather than a sole focus on the natural environment. It opens the way for a new normative commitment of science in a time of crises. We suggest three agendas for future climate and sustainability research after the pandemic: (1) focus on health and well-being, (2) moral engagement through empathy, and (3) science of loss for managing grief. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7648241/ doi: 10.1007/s11625-020-00879-7 id: cord-292929-s8pnm9wv author: Ashikalli, Louicia title: The indirect impact of COVID-19 on child health date: 2020-09-16 words: 4936.0 sentences: 256.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292929-s8pnm9wv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292929-s8pnm9wv.txt summary: It explores the physical and psychological effects, discusses the role of parenting and education, offering practical advice about how best to provide support as a health care professional. Whilst initial data does not suggest that children with comorbidities are at particularly increased risk of severe COVID-19 disease (12) (13) (14) , the challenge of maintaining a good continuity of care for existing patients and adequate diagnostic care for children presenting for the first time remains. At the start of this pandemic in the UK the advice given to the families with children with many chronic diseases was to shield the whole household to prevent the risk of severe illness. The absence of mental health services during previous pandemics increased the risk of psychological distress to those affected (30) . Large organisations such as UNICEF have provided online documents to help teenagers protect their mental health during the pandemic. abstract: Since the detection of COVID-19 in December 2019, the rapid spread of the disease worldwide has led to a new pandemic, with the number of infected individuals and deaths rising daily. Early experience shows that it predominantly affects older age groups with children and young adults being generally more resilient to more severe disease (1–3). From a health standpoint, children and young people are less directly affected than adults and presentation of the disease has shown different characteristics. Nonetheless, COVID-19 has had severe repercussions on children and young people. These indirect, downstream implications should not be ignored. An understanding of the issues is essential for those who hope to advocate effectively for children to prevent irreversible damage to the adults of the future. This article reviews some of the evidence of harm to children that may accrue indirectly as a result of pandemics. It explores the physical and psychological effects, discusses the role of parenting and education, offering practical advice about how best to provide support as a health care professional. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32959000/ doi: 10.1016/j.paed.2020.09.004 id: cord-343559-kjuc3nqa author: Asiamah, Nestor title: Short-Term Changes in Behaviors Resulting from COVID-19-Related Social Isolation and Their Influences on Mental Health in Ghana date: 2020-10-08 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: This study assessed the behavioral outcomes of Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) social distancing protocols and their influences on mental health. An online survey hosted by Survey Monkey was utilized to collect data from residents of three Ghanaian cities of Accra, Kumasi and Tamale. A total of 621 surveys were analyzed, with a sensitivity analysis utilized to select covariates for the regression model. The average age of participants was about 36 years. Findings indicate that reduced physical activity time and a change in sexual activity and smoking frequency are some short-term changes in behavior resulting from social isolation during the lockdown. An increase in sedentary behavior had a negative influence on mental health. For the most part, changes in behaviors in the short-term were associated with lower mental health scores. The study implied that COVID-19 social distancing measures should be implemented alongside public education for discouraging unhealthy changes in behaviors. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33033971/ doi: 10.1007/s10597-020-00722-4 id: cord-257158-obskf44d author: Assefa, K. T. title: The impact of COVID-19 infection on maternal and reproductive health care services in governmental health institutions of Dessie town, North-East Ethiopia, 2020 G.C. date: 2020-09-23 words: 5123.0 sentences: 284.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257158-obskf44d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257158-obskf44d.txt summary: Result: According to this study, Six percent (6%) of antenatal care attendees, 18% of delivery care attendees and nearly half (46.7%) of postnatal care attendees reported inappropriate service delivery due to fear of health care providers, shortage medical supplies and staff work load. The general objective of this study was to assess the impact of COVID-19 infection on maternal and reproductive health care services among mothers getting service in governmental health institutions of Dessie town, 2020 G.C. All rights reserved. Institution based cross sectional study design using mixed (quantitative supplemented with qualitative) method was employed to identify the impact of COVID-19 infection on maternal and reproductive health care services among women who get service in governmental health institutions of Dessie town. All women who get maternal and reproductive health care services in governmental health institutions of Dessie town during the data collection period were taken as study population. abstract: Background: The COVID 19 pandemic is causing huge stress on the health care system of all countries in the world. The impact of the pandemic is both social and economic. Pregnancy is an exciting and sometimes stressful experience. Being pregnant during a disease outbreak may add extra anxiety and concern for pregnant women and for those who provide care for them [1, 2]. During the initial stages of the pandemic, it appeared Africa would be spared the burden of COVID-19. However, by April 7th, a total of 45 countries within the WHO African region had reported over 7000 cases (although some place it at over 10 000), with at least 292 deaths and 612 people recovered. Ethiopia, being one of the developing countries trying to address the diverse needs of its people, is currently at the verge of the epidemic [5, 7]. Objectives: The general objective of this study was to assess the impact of COVID-19 infection on maternal and reproductive health care services among mothers getting service in governmental health institutions of Dessie town, 2020 G.C. Methods: Institution based cross sectional study design using mixed (quantitative supplemented with qualitative) method was employed to identify the impact of COVID-19 infection on maternal and reproductive health care services among women who get service in governmental health institutions of Dessie town. The study was conducted from July 1-15 / 2020. Result: According to this study, Six percent (6%) of antenatal care attendees, 18% of delivery care attendees and nearly half (46.7%) of postnatal care attendees reported inappropriate service delivery due to fear of health care providers, shortage medical supplies and staff work load. The study also showed that utilization of these services was decreased due to fear of clients to go to health institutions. Conclusion and recommendation: This study concluded that COVID-19 significantly affects the quality and utilization of maternal and reproductive health care services. The study also showed that utilization of these services was decreased due to fear of clients to go to health institutions. Ministry of health should continue maternity and reproductive health care services such as family planning to be prioritized as an essential core health service. Key words: COVID-19, impact, antenatal care, Dessie url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.20.20198259v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.20.20198259 id: cord-340553-vofar32b author: Atique, Suleman title: A nursing informatics response to COVID‐19: perspectives from five regions of the world date: 2020-05-18 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The 21st century has seen several infectious disease outbreaks that have turned into epidemics and pandemics including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) which began in Asia in 2003 (Poon, Guan, Nicholls, Yuen, & Peiris, 2004), followed by H1N1 that emerged in Mexico and the United States in 2009 (Belongia et al., 2010). Next came the lesser known Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) originating in Saudi Arabia in 2012 (Assiri et al., 2013), after which the Ebola outbreak in West Africa took place from 2014 to 2016, with a more recent occurrence in the Democratic Republic of Congo from 2018 to 2019 (Malvy, McElroy, de Clerck, Günther, & van Griensven, 2019). To date, the coronavirus (COVID‐19) outbreak that started in Wuhan, in the Hubei province of China, in late December 2019 seems to be eclipsing all of these previous infectious diseases in terms of its global reach and impact (Wang, Horby, Hayden, & Gao, 2020). After being declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a public health emergency on 30 January 2020 (World Health Organization, 2020c), it was elevated to a pandemic status on 11 March 2020 (World Health Organization, 2020d). As of 28 April 2020, there are more than 2.9 million cases and 202,597 deaths reported worldwide (World Health Organization, 2020b). url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32420652/ doi: 10.1111/jan.14417 id: cord-279640-n391v32y author: Atreja, Ashish title: Opportunities and challenges in utilizing electronic health records for infection surveillance, prevention, and control date: 2008-03-26 words: 5034.0 sentences: 233.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279640-n391v32y.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279640-n391v32y.txt summary: The increased adoption of EHRs and related Health IT provide a unique opportunity for ICPs and infection diseases specialists to automate manual processes and address the growing challenge of HAI and guidelines for public reporting. 7 Order management, clinical decision support, patient support, and population health functions have the potential for a more direct impact on infectious disease management, surveillance, prevention, and control but are not generally essential components of all present day EHRs. Order management includes functions such as computerized physician order entry (CPOE), which allows electronic entry of laboratory, medications, and radiology orders instead of orders being recorded on paper sheets or prescription pads. Although the benefits of health information, result management, electronic connectivity, and administrative support activities in terms of 24/7 chart access and better availability of the data are apparent and well understood, CPOE and CDS when customized and utilized appropriately can also have a direct and significant impact on patient care. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2008.01.002 doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2008.01.002 id: cord-276256-gmlsoo2z author: Avilés-Santa, M. Larissa title: Current State of Diabetes Mellitus Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control in Latin America: Challenges and Innovative Solutions to Improve Health Outcomes Across the Continent date: 2020-10-10 words: 9702.0 sentences: 495.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276256-gmlsoo2z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276256-gmlsoo2z.txt summary: All these factorscoupled with biological susceptibility, income, education, access health care, cultural influences on nutrition, health, selfimage, and self-care-influence the development of diabetes in LatAm. We conducted a review of the most current publications on the state of prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of diabetes mellitus across LatAm. By laying out a detailed accounting of what is known, we aim to identify population, clinical, and health care needs, and opportunities for future research studies and potential interventions. The number of epidemiological studies published since 2005 indicates greater public health awareness about diabetes mellitus across LatAm. Multiple countries have performed at least one national survey on chronic non-communicable diseases in which self-reported diabetes mellitus and/or elevated glycemia has been included (Table 1) . abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Latin America is the scenario of great inequalities where about 32 million human beings live with diabetes. Through this review, we aimed at describing the current state of the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of diabetes mellitus and completion of selected guidelines of care across Latin America and identify opportunities to advance research that promotes better health outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus has been consistently increasing across the region, with some variation: higher prevalence in Mexico, Haiti, and Puerto Rico and lower in Colombia, Ecuador, Dominican Republic, Peru, and Uruguay. Prevalence assessment methods vary, and potentially underestimating the real number of persons with diabetes. Diabetes unawareness varies widely, with up to 50% of persons with diabetes who do not know they may have the disease. Glycemic, blood pressure, and LDL-C control and completion of guidelines to prevent microvascular complications are not consistently assessed across studies, and the achievement of control goals is suboptimal. On the other hand, multiple interventions, point-of-care/rapid assessment tools, and alternative models of health care delivery have been proposed and tested throughout Latin America. SUMMARY: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus continues to rise across Latin America, and the number of those with the disease may be underestimated. However, some local governments are embedding more comprehensive diabetes assessments in their local national surveys. Clinicians and public health advocates in the region have proposed and initiated various multi-level interventions to address this enormous challenge in the region. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33037442/ doi: 10.1007/s11892-020-01341-9 id: cord-035133-znbqpwgu author: Aye, Baba title: Health Workers on the Frontline Struggle for Health as a Social Common date: 2020-11-10 words: 2948.0 sentences: 155.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-035133-znbqpwgu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-035133-znbqpwgu.txt summary: ''Since the 1970s, neoliberal health and social welfare policies around the world shifted resources from the public to the private sector''. An increasing number of workers delivering health and social care in public health systems became fixedterm contract staff. There is a pressing need to go beyond the limited and feeble demonstrations of government''s turn to seeming consideration of health as a social common, and only so during emergencies like the COVID-19 pandemic. Public Services International, the global trade union federation which brings together thirty million workers across the world, about half of which are in the health and social sector has called for ''rapid changes in policies….that put people and planet over profit''. Privatization and Pandemic: A Cross-Country Analysis of COVID-19 Rates and Health-Care Financing Structures abstract: Through the lens of health workers’ concerns, the article interrogates the impact of the neoliberal turn of the 1980s on the loss of the ideal and pursuit of health as a social common. It highlights the Great Recession as a confirmation of the failure of the neoliberal project but notes that this the project continues with even greater frenzy. Capturing the dynamics which inhibit the World Health Organization, it calls for mass mobilization to reclaim health as a social common. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7653442/ doi: 10.1057/s41301-020-00271-z id: cord-314579-4nc4d05v author: Aylward, R Bruce title: Global health goals: lessons from the worldwide effort to eradicate poliomyelitis date: 2003-09-13 words: 4747.0 sentences: 286.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-314579-4nc4d05v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314579-4nc4d05v.txt summary: 10, 11 In this paper, we assess the politics, production, financing, and economics of poliomyelitis eradication to identify lessons that might be relevant to the pursuit of other global health goals. Implementation of National Immunisation Days (NIDs) has been a huge challenge; in China and India, for example, about 80 million and 150 million children, respectively, were immunised in a few days-the achievement was repeated 1 month later, and then annually Global health goals: lessons from the worldwide effort to eradicate poliomyelitis The World Health Assembly resolution that launched the Global Polio Eradication Initiative stated that eradication should be pursued in ways that strengthened the delivery of primary health-care services in general and immunisation programmes in particular. In this review of the poliomyelitis eradication initiative, we have derived six lessons that could assist the planning and pursuit of worldwide health goals, whether global public goods for health or other health efforts in which international collective action might be warranted. abstract: The Global Polio Eradication Initiative was launched in 1988. Assessment of the politics, production, financing, and economics of this international effort has suggested six lessons that might be pertinent to the pursuit of other global health goals. First, such goals should be based on technically sound strategies with proven operational feasibility in a large geographical area. Second, before launching an initiative, an informed collective decision must be negotiated and agreed in an appropriate international forum to keep to a minimum long-term risks in financing and implementation. Third, if substantial community engagement is envisaged, efficient deployment of sufficient resources at that level necessitates a defined, time-limited input by the community within a properly managed partnership. Fourth, although the so-called fair-share concept is arguably the best way to finance such goals, its limitations must be recognised early and alternative strategies developed for settings where it does not work. Fifth, international health goals must be designed and pursued within existing health systems if they are to secure and sustain broad support. Finally, countries, regions, or populations most likely to delay the achievement of a global health goal should be identified at the outset to ensure provision of sufficient resources and attention. The greatest threats to poliomyelitis eradication are a financing gap of US$210 million and difficulties in strategy implementation in at most five countries. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673603143371 doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(03)14337-1 id: cord-297412-jxjvimqd author: Azuine, Romuladus E. title: Ebola Virus Disease Epidemic: What Can the World Learn and Not Learn from West Africa? date: 2015 words: 2356.0 sentences: 124.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297412-jxjvimqd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297412-jxjvimqd.txt summary: The ability of some poor, resource-limited, developing countries in sub-Saharan Africa to efficiently handle the epidemic within their shores provides some lessons learned for the global health community. In September and October, 2014, the United States (US) and Spain, respectively, became the first two developed countries of the world to record the diagnoses of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) in their lands outside West Africa during the current 2014 EVD epidemic. The patient, now deceased, contracted Ebola virus and travelled to US from his native Liberia, one of the West African country at the center of what has become one of the most challenging infectious disease outbreaks and national security threats in modern times. The US has also dispatched a team of public health officials to learn how Africa''s most-populous country, Nigeria, and Senegal, among the world''s poorest nation, were able to mitigate the spread of the virus in their countries. abstract: With over 4,500 deaths and counting, and new cases identified in two developed countries that are struggling and faltering in their handling of the epidemic, the 2014 Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) epidemic is unlike any of its kind ever encountered. The ability of some poor, resource-limited, developing countries in sub-Saharan Africa to efficiently handle the epidemic within their shores provides some lessons learned for the global health community. Among others, the 2014 EVD epidemic teaches us that it is time to put the “P” back in public and population health around the world. The global health community must support a sustainable strategy to mitigate Ebola virus and other epidemics both within and outside their shores, even after the cameras are gone. Ebola virus must not be called the disease of the poor and developing world. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27621980/ doi: nan id: cord-258570-3n7jp0l0 author: Baatiema, Leonard title: Community health workers in Ghana: the need for greater policy attention date: 2016-12-02 words: 6705.0 sentences: 368.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258570-3n7jp0l0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258570-3n7jp0l0.txt summary: We argue that CHWs have played critical roles in improving health service delivery and outcomes, including guinea worm eradication, expanded immunisation coverage, maternal and child health, and HIV/AIDS treatment and management. Despite the general consensus about the importance of CHWs among the global health community, health policy interventions to recognise and support optimal delivery of healthcare by CHWs are lacking, especially in LMICs. In Ghana, although a number of studies and reports have highlighted CHWs'' activities, 16 19 20 there is inadequate health policy support for them. Ambiguity further abounds in the mainstream literature on the characterisation of CHWs. 21 However, during the recent United States Agency for International Development (USAID) CHW Evidence Summit, there was some consensus that a CHW is "A health worker who receives standardized training outside the formal nursing or medical curricula to deliver a range of basic health, promotional, educational, and mobilization services and has a defined role within the community system and larger health system". abstract: From the 1970s to the 1990s, the WHO, United Nations and other agencies mooted the idea of formally training and recognising community health workers (CHWs) to complement efforts to improve primary healthcare delivery in low and middle income countries. Recently, CHWs have been recognised as important players in the achievement of the health-related Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Despite this recognition, little understanding exists in Ghana about the activities of CHWs: who they are; how they are recruited; what they do; level of health policy support; contribution to healthcare delivery and the challenges they face. Based on a rapid scoping review of the existing literature, and our experience working in Ghana, this paper reflects on the role of CHWs in healthcare delivery in Ghana. We argue that CHWs have played critical roles in improving health service delivery and outcomes, including guinea worm eradication, expanded immunisation coverage, maternal and child health, and HIV/AIDS treatment and management. However, these achievements notwithstanding, CHWs face challenges which prevent them from being optimally productive, including capacity problems, neglect by the healthcare system, high attrition rates and inadequate supervision. Policymakers in Ghana therefore need to give increased attention to CHWs, provide remuneration for their activities, create career opportunities and other means of motivations to boost their productivity and sustain gains associated with their activities. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2016-000141 doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2016-000141 id: cord-274996-fk510s1v author: Babatunde, Gbotemi Bukola title: Stakeholders'' perceptions of child and adolescent mental health services in a South African district: a qualitative study date: 2020-10-02 words: 7858.0 sentences: 373.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274996-fk510s1v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274996-fk510s1v.txt summary: The participants include stakeholders from the Departments of Health (DoH), Basic Education (DBE), community-based/non-governmental organizations and caregivers of children receiving CAMH care. These multiple stakeholders, particularly teachers and caregivers (parents, grandparents, foster parents and other family members), are perceived to be active gatekeepers to CAMH care, given their vital role in identifying and seeking help for children and adolescents with mental (behavioural, emotional, social and developmental) disorders. Service providers who helped to identify and refer children and adolescents potentially requiring mental health care were situated at different levels of the community, health and education systems, and included nurses in clinics, social workers in the communities, educators, learner support agents and school health nurses in schools. A senior mental health professional highlighted that the psychologists are mostly the first point of contact for children and adolescents with CAMH conditions within the hospital (most of the referrals from the schools are addressed to them) and they refer them to the appropriate specialists for cases in need of more specialized interventions. abstract: BACKGROUND: In order to develop a district child and adolescent mental health (CAMH) plan, it is vital to engage with a range of stakeholders involved in providing CAMH services, given the complexities associated with delivering such services. Hence this study sought to explore multisectoral dynamics in providing CAMH care in one resource-constrained South African district as a case study, towards informing the development of a model for district mental health plan and generating lessons for mental health systems strengthening to support CAMH services using the Health Systems Dynamics (HSD) framework. HSD provides a suitable structure for analysing interactions between different elements within the health system and other sectors. METHODS: Purposive sampling of 60 key informants was conducted to obtain an in-depth understanding of various stakeholders' experiences and perceptions of the available CAMH services in the district. The participants include stakeholders from the Departments of Health (DoH), Basic Education (DBE), community-based/non-governmental organizations and caregivers of children receiving CAMH care. The data was categorized according to the elements of the HSD framework. RESULTS: The HSD framework helped in identifying the components of the health systems that are necessary for CAMH service delivery. At a district level, the shortage of human resources, un-coordinated CAMH management system, lack of intersectoral collaboration and the low priority given to the CAMH system negatively impacts on the service providers' experiences of providing CAMH services. Services users' experiences of access to available CAMH services was negatively impacted by financial restrictions, low mental health literacy and stigmatization. Nevertheless, the study participants perceived the available CAMH specialists to be competent and dedicated to delivering quality services but will benefit from systems strengthening initiatives that can expand the workforce and equip non-specialists with the required skills, resources and adequate coordination. CONCLUSIONS: The need to develop the capacity of all the involved stakeholders in relation to CAMH services was imperative in the district. The need to create a mental health outreach team and equip teachers and caregivers with skills required to promote mental wellbeing, promptly identify CAMH conditions, refer appropriately and adhere to a management regimen was emphasized. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13033-020-00406-2 doi: 10.1186/s13033-020-00406-2 id: cord-013357-ehfum31k author: Badrfam, Rahim title: Mental Health of Medical Workers in COVID-19 Pandemic: Restrictions and Barriers date: 2020-06-18 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7585745/ doi: 10.34172/jrhs.2020.16 id: cord-300246-fxqseibh author: Badyal, Dinesh Kumar title: Chloroquine: Can it be a Novel Drug for COVID-19 date: 2020-04-02 words: 1404.0 sentences: 100.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300246-fxqseibh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300246-fxqseibh.txt summary: The United States Food and Drug Administration has not approved any drug or vaccine for the treatment of COVID-19; however, reports have emerged from different parts of the world about the potential therapeutic benefits of existing drugs. Chloroquine and phosphate hydroxychloroquine are the drugs currently in the limelight, and recently, the National Task Force for COVID-19 constituted by the Indian Council of Medical Research has recommended the use of antimalarial drug hydroxychloroquine for prophylaxis of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 infection in selected high-risk individuals. [16] Due to its promising results, chloroquine has been included in guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 (sixth edition) published by the National Health Commission of the People''s Republic of China. In India, The National Task Force for COVID-19 constituted by the Indian Council of Medical Research has recommended the use of antimalarial drug hydroxychloroquine for prophylaxis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in selected high-risk individuals. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. The United States Food and Drug Administration has not approved any drug or vaccine for the treatment of COVID-19; however, reports have emerged from different parts of the world about the potential therapeutic benefits of existing drugs. Chloroquine and phosphate hydroxychloroquine are the drugs currently in the limelight, and recently, the National Task Force for COVID-19 constituted by the Indian Council of Medical Research has recommended the use of antimalarial drug hydroxychloroquine for prophylaxis of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 infection in selected high-risk individuals. This short write-up explores the potential efficacy and established safety of chloroquine in COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32363157/ doi: 10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_141_20 id: cord-033736-bsmqqi6j author: Bajraktari, Saranda title: Health-promoting and preventive interventions for community-dwelling older people published from inception to 2019: a scoping review to guide decision making in a Swedish municipality context date: 2020-10-14 words: 10534.0 sentences: 489.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-033736-bsmqqi6j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-033736-bsmqqi6j.txt summary: Eligible studies were: 1) interventions categorised as health promotion (HP) or primary prevention (PP) following the WHO''s definition [1, 2] and addressing behavioural risk factors, injury prevention, physical health, social and mental health, 2) including populations of community-living older people 65+ as of it being the lowest retirement age in the Nordic Countries, hence exclude the risk of missing relevant studies due to the age limitation, 3) implemented in a Nordic country (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden and Faroe Islands), 4) studies applying a randomized controlled trial design (RCT) for the evaluation of effects (research question six), 5) studies related to the identified RCTs addressing the remaining research question, e.g. experiences of participants, feasibility as well as studies on cost-effectiveness. Five studies had samples consisting only of female participants [32, Table 2 Detailed results concerning intervention content, effects on health outcomes, and feasibility aspects of included studies in the field of health-promoting and preventive interventions for community dwelling older people in the Nordic countries from inception to 2019 (Continued) abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the promising evidence of health-promoting and preventive interventions for maintaining health among older people, not all interventions can be implemented due to limited resources. Due to the variation of content in the interventions and the breadth of outcomes used to evaluate effects in such interventions, comparisons are difficult and the choice of which interventions to implement is challenging. Therefore, more information, beyond effects, is needed to guide decision-makers. The aim of this review was to investigate, to what degree factors important for decision-making have been reported in the existing health-promoting and preventive interventions literature for community-dwelling older people in the Nordic countries. METHODS: This review was guided by the PRISMA-ScR checklist (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews), the methodological steps for scoping reviews described in the Arksey and O′Malley’s framework, and the Medical Research Council’s (MRC) guidance on complex interventions. Eligible studies for inclusion were randomised controlled trials (RCTs) concerning health promotion or primary prevention for community-dwelling older people implemented in the Nordic countries. Additionally, all included RCTs were searched for related papers that were reporting on additional factors. Eligible studies were searched in seven databases: PubMed, SCOPUS, CINAHL, Academic Search Elite, PsycINFO, SocINDEX, and SPORTDiscus. RESULTS: Eighty-two studies met the inclusion criteria (twenty-seven unique studies and fifty-five related studies). Twelve studies focused on fall prevention, eleven had a health-promoting approach, and four studies focused on preventing disability. All interventions, besides one, reported positive effects on at least one health outcome. Three studies reported data on cost-effectiveness, three on experiences of participants and two conducted feasibility studies. Only one intervention, reported information on all seven factors. CONCLUSIONS: All identified studies on health-promoting and preventive interventions for older people evaluated in the Nordic countries report positive effects although the magnitude of effects and number of follow-ups differed substantially. Overall, there was a general lack of studies on feasibility, cost-effectiveness, and experiences of participants, thus, limiting the basis for decision making. Considering all reported factors, promising candidates to be recommended for implementation in a Nordic municipality context are ‘Senior meetings’, ‘preventive home visits’ and ‘exercise interventions’ on its own or combined with other components. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7556574/ doi: 10.1186/s13690-020-00480-5 id: cord-308376-un4ztqf4 author: Bakken, Suzanne title: Informatics is a critical strategy in combating the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-05 words: 1396.0 sentences: 64.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308376-un4ztqf4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308376-un4ztqf4.txt summary: The 4 COVID-19 articles highlighted in this editorial reflect the 5 domains identified in the health informatics practice analysis: foundational knowledge; enhancing health decision making, processes, and outcomes; health information systems; data governance, management, and analytics; and leadership, professionalism, strategy, and transformation, 8 as well as similar domains in the physician clinical informatics subspecialty practice analysis. This included the design and implementation of electronic health record (EHR)-based rapid screening processes, as well as expansion of system-level EHR documentation templates (eg, urgent care/emergency department screening or testing), clinical decision support (eg, isolation, who should be tested), reporting tools (eg, operational dashboard and tracking system for persons under investigation), and patient-facing technology (eg, video visits for outpatient encounters) related to COVID-19. In a Perspective, Turer et al, 3 from Vanderbilt University Medical Center, describe an approach they call electronic PPE (ePPE) within the context of emergent policy changes related to telemedicine and the Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act during the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32501484/ doi: 10.1093/jamia/ocaa101 id: cord-289001-af1r0m4m author: Bala, Mohamed Osman title: Qatar steps up to Global Health security: a reflection on the joint external evaluation, 2016 date: 2017-10-18 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Since the commencement of the International Health Regulations in 2007, global public health security has been faced with numerous emerging and ongoing events. Moreover, the Joint External Evaluation is a voluntary tool developed in compliance with the Global Health Security Agenda that represents the high responsibility of international health community towards the increased incidence of emerging and re-emerging diseases. Against this background, between 29th May and 2nd June 2016, a team of World Health Organization consultants arrived to the State of Qatar to assess, in collaboration with national experts, the country’s capacity to prevent, detect, and rapidly respond to threats of public health aspect. They identified areas of strength, weakness, and recommendations for improving national health security of Qatar in anticipation of the 2022 FIFA World Cup event. Qatar has demonstrated a leading role in the region through its commitment to International Health Regulations (2005) and population health. Similarly, the Qatar was the first Arab state and seventh volunteering country globally to undergo the Joint External evaluation process. In this review, we highlighted Qatar’s achievements and shortcomings of International Health Regulations’ core capacities to inform healthcare professionals and the scientific community about the country’s contribution toward global health security. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41256-017-0050-y doi: 10.1186/s41256-017-0050-y id: cord-337576-0dlthaqv author: Balajee, S. Arunmozhi title: Sustainable Model for Public Health Emergency Operations Centers for Global Settings date: 2017-12-17 words: 4121.0 sentences: 186.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337576-0dlthaqv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337576-0dlthaqv.txt summary: Public health Emergency Operations Centers (PHEOCs) can be epidemic intelligence hubs by 1) having the capacity to receive, analyze, and visualize multiple data streams, including surveillance and 2) maintaining a trained workforce that can analyze and interpret data from real-time emerging events. Public health Emergency Operations Centers (PHEOCs) can be epidemic intelligence hubs by 1) having the capacity to receive, analyze, and visualize multiple data streams, including surveillance and 2) maintaining a trained workforce that can analyze and interpret data from real-time emerging events. The fragmentary nature of the surveillance data available through diverse reporting sources impedes timely detection of outbreaks, making the creation of integrated data systems critical to the success of these PHEOCs. To help mitigate these challenges, the Vietnam Ministry of Health envisioned a network of PHEOCs that will be an interlinked system of information hubs, one at each regional institute. abstract: Capacity to receive, verify, analyze, assess, and investigate public health events is essential for epidemic intelligence. Public health Emergency Operations Centers (PHEOCs) can be epidemic intelligence hubs by 1) having the capacity to receive, analyze, and visualize multiple data streams, including surveillance and 2) maintaining a trained workforce that can analyze and interpret data from real-time emerging events. Such PHEOCs could be physically located within a ministry of health epidemiology, surveillance, or equivalent department rather than exist as a stand-alone space and serve as operational hubs during nonoutbreak times but in emergencies can scale up according to the traditional Incident Command System structure. url: https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2313.170435 doi: 10.3201/eid2313.170435 id: cord-309436-5qoo3a8i author: Balanzá–Martínez, V. title: Lifestyle behaviours during the COVID‐19 – time to connect date: 2020-05-12 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Loneliness and social isolation are associated with poor mental and physical health and may increase the likelihood of common mental disorders (depressive and anxiety disorders), substance use, and cognitive decline1,2 . At this moment, people around the globe have been urged to self-isolate and refrain from social interaction due to the COVID-19 pandemic. From public health and preventative care perspectives, there is a pressing need to provide individuals, communities and health agencies with information and interventions to maintain the healthiest possible lifestyle while in isolation. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32324252/ doi: 10.1111/acps.13177 id: cord-024078-d34e31zd author: Baldwin-Ragaven, Laurel title: Social Dimensions of COVID-19 in South Africa: A Neglected Element of the Treatment Plan date: 2020-04-17 words: 4349.0 sentences: 200.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-024078-d34e31zd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-024078-d34e31zd.txt summary: From the social distancing necessary to reduce the speed of transmission and flatten the curve, to buying essential goods for the duration of a communal lockdown, to the suffering endured by not consuming alcohol and tobacco, to reports about the personal and collective economic costs, to the nightly release of case statistics by geographical region, to the biographies of those who have died, we have amassed a hefty repository of pandemic stories that are intended to reveal a shared humanity and promote common cause. The National Department of Health in its COVID-19 Infection Prevention and Control Guidelines for South Africa states an obvious truth about combatting the spread of the virus in our particular situation: "South Africa has a unique challenge of a large vulnerable immunocompromised population living in overcrowded conditions".(13) Over the past 26 years, prior to being hit by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, this is a frank admission that we have been sluggish in our duty to address the needs of the masses. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7187742/ doi: 10.18772/26180197.2020.v2nsia6 id: cord-016840-p3sq99yg author: Bales, Connie Watkins title: Minimizing the Impact of Complex Emergencies on Nutrition and Geriatric Health: Planning for Prevention is Key date: 2008-09-09 words: 7275.0 sentences: 321.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-016840-p3sq99yg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-016840-p3sq99yg.txt summary: Complex emergencies (CEs) can occur anywhere and are defined as crisis situations that greatly elevate the risk to nutrition and overall health (morbidity and mortality) of older individuals in the affected area. The major underlying threats to nutritional status for older adults during CEs are food insecurity, inadequate social support, and lack of access to health services. Any of a number of crisis situations that greatly elevate the health risk of individuals in the affected area; examples are natural disasters like floods and earthquakes; urban health emergencies like fires, epidemics, and blackouts; and terrorist acts like massive bombings or poisonings of food or water supplies. Examples include natural disasters like floods and earthquakes, urban health emergencies like fires, epidemics and blackouts, and terrorist acts like massive bombings or poisonings of food or water supplies (see Table 29 .2). abstract: Complex emergencies (CEs) can occur anywhere and are defined as crisis situations that greatly elevate the risk to nutrition and overall health (morbidity and mortality) of older individuals in the affected area. In urban areas with high population densities and heavy reliance on power-driven devices for day-to-day survival, CEs can precipitate a rapid deterioration of basic services that threatens nutritionally and medically vulnerable older adults. The major underlying threats to nutritional status for older adults during CEs are food insecurity, inadequate social support, and lack of access to health services. The most effective strategy for coping with CEs is to have detailed, individualized pre-event preparations. When a CE occurs, the immediate relief efforts focus on establishing access to food, safe water, and essential medical services. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7121257/ doi: 10.1007/978-1-60327-385-5_29 id: cord-278459-27lppl6x author: Banjar, Weam M. title: Healthcare worker''s mental health dilemma during COVID-19 pandemic: A reflection on the KSA experience date: 2020-07-17 words: 1856.0 sentences: 113.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278459-27lppl6x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278459-27lppl6x.txt summary: title: Healthcare worker''s mental health dilemma during COVID-19 pandemic: A reflection on the KSA experience 1, 6 The exponential increase in COVID-19 cases in China caused stress and anxiety among healthcare workers (HCWs). Due to direct exposure to infected patients, and the demanding nature of their duties, frontline HCWs are at higher risk of developing mental health problems than those indirectly involved in managing the pandemic, and they may need psychological intervention. 5, 10, 11 Reports of mental health problems caused by COVID-19 among HCWs are increasing. As the epidemic curve escalated, the anxiety and tension grew among frontline HCWs. Healthcare facilities quickly realised that demanding professional duty in a challenging work atmosphere with an increasing workload would undermine the mental health of frontline HCWs, and mandated the establishment of mental health support programs. Healthcare worker''s mental health dilemma during COVID-19 pandemic: A reflection on the KSA experience abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtumed.2020.06.006 doi: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2020.06.006 id: cord-285402-x86yw525 author: Banskota, Swechya title: 15 Smartphone Apps for Older Adults to Use While in Isolation During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-14 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The maintenance of well-being, healthcare, and social connection is crucial for older adults (OA) and has become a topic of debate as much of the world faces lockdown during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. OAs have been advised to isolate themselves because they are at higher risk for developing serious complications from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Additionally, nursing homes and assisted-living facilities across the country have closed their doors to visitors to protect their residents. Mobile technology such as applications (apps) could provide a valuable tool to help families stay connected, and to help OAs maintain mobility and link them to resources that encourage physical and mental well-being. Apps could address cognitive, visual, and hearing impairments. Our objective was to narratively summarize 15 apps that address physical and cognitive limitations and have the potential to improve OAs’ quality of life, especially during social distancing or self-quarantine. url: https://doi.org/10.5811/westjem.2020.4.47372 doi: 10.5811/westjem.2020.4.47372 id: cord-306844-h1ccksm6 author: Bar-Lev, Shirly title: Numbers, graphs and words – do we really understand the lab test results accessible via the patient portals? date: 2020-10-28 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: The heavy reliance on remote patient care (RPC) during the COVID-19 health crisis may have expedited the emergence of digital health tools that can contribute to safely and effectively moving the locus of care from the hospital to the community. Understanding how laypersons interpret the personal health information accessible to them via electronic patient records (EPRs) is crucial to healthcare planning and the design of services. Yet we still know little about how the format in which personal medical information is presented in the EPR (numerically, verbally, or graphically) affects individuals’ understanding of the information, their assessment of its gravity, and the course of action they choose in response. METHODS: We employed an online questionnaire to assess respondents’ reactions to 10 medical decision-making scenarios, where the same information was presented using different formats. In each scenario, respondents were presented with real (anonymized) patient lab results using either numeric expressions, graphs, or verbal expressions. Participants were asked to assess the gravity of the hypothetical patient’s condition and the course of action they would follow if they were that patient. The questionnaire was distributed to more than 300 participants, of whom 225 submitted usable responses. RESULTS: Laypersons were more likely to overestimate the gravity of the information when it was presented either numerically or graphically compared to the narrative format. High perceived gravity was most likely to produce an inclination to actively seek medical attention, even when unwarranted. “Don’t know” responses were most likely to produce an inclination to either search the Internet or wait for the doctor to call. POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS: We discuss the study’s implications for the effective design of lab results in the patient portals. We suggest (1) that graphs, tables, and charts would be easier to interpret if coupled with a brief verbal explanation; (2) that highlighting an overall level of urgency may be more helpful than indicating a diversion from the norm; and (3) that statements of results should include the type of follow-up required. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13584-020-00415-z doi: 10.1186/s13584-020-00415-z id: cord-331105-wdkdc0pw author: Baral, Stefan David title: The Public Health Response to COVID-19: Balancing Precaution and Unintended Consequences date: 2020-05-08 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1047279720301721?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.05.001 id: cord-307303-9mzs5dl4 author: Barnett, Daniel J. title: The Application of the Haddon Matrix to Public Health Readiness and Response Planning date: 2005-02-02 words: 4303.0 sentences: 184.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307303-9mzs5dl4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307303-9mzs5dl4.txt summary: However, in practice, public health preparedness requires additional models and tools to provide a framework to better understand and prioritize emergency readiness and response needs, as well as to facilitate solutions; this is particularly true at the local health department level. By breaking a larger problem into smaller, more manageable components, the Haddon matrix provides a practical, efficient decisionmaking and planning tool that health department leaders can use to better understand current and emerging threats, perform vulnerability assessments, prioritize and allocate readiness and response resources, and maintain institutional agility in responding to an array of public health emergencies. Applying the Haddon matrix to the threat of a dirty bomb illustrates the value of this injury prevention model as a public health readiness and response tool, even when focusing exclusively on environmental issues. abstract: State and local health departments continue to face unprecedented challenges in preparing for, recognizing, and responding to threats to the public’s health. The attacks of 11 September 2001 and the ensuing anthrax mailings of 2001 highlighted the public health readiness and response hurdles posed by intentionally caused injury and illness. At the same time, recent natural disasters have highlighted the need for comparable public health readiness and response capabilities. Public health readiness and response activities can be conceptualized similarly for intentional attacks, natural disasters, and human-caused accidents. Consistent with this view, the federal government has adopted the all-hazards response model as its fundamental paradigm. Adoption of this paradigm provides powerful improvements in efficiency and efficacy, because it reduces the need to create a complex family of situation-specific preparedness and response activities. However, in practice, public health preparedness requires additional models and tools to provide a framework to better understand and prioritize emergency readiness and response needs, as well as to facilitate solutions; this is particularly true at the local health department level. Here, we propose to extend the use of the Haddon matrix—a conceptual model used for more than two decades in injury prevention and response strategies—for this purpose. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15866764/ doi: 10.1289/ehp.7491 id: cord-293903-mvxz7lx7 author: Barraclough, Simon title: Australia''s international health relations in 2003 date: 2005-02-21 words: 2324.0 sentences: 97.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-293903-mvxz7lx7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293903-mvxz7lx7.txt summary: In broad terms, these health relations encompass a range of interactions with consequences for health, including: membership of global and regional bodies; the negotiation of international agreements; action to counter particular external threats to health; assistance to developing countries; and international trade and investment in health-related goods and services. In 2003 there were continuing developments in all these areas within a wider foreign affairs context overshadowed by official policy concerns about global and regional security, the deployment of the Australian armed forces in various theatres of service, and renewed fears of the human and economic costs of infectious diseases. These developments have furthered Australian foreign policy concerned with establishing trans-Tasman free trade, commenced some two decades ago with the negotiation of the Closer Economic Relations agreement with New Zealand. In a related development, the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade promoted aged care expertise as an export service through the Australia Japan Conference. abstract: A survey for the year 2003 of significant developments in Australia's official international health relations, and their domestic ramifications, is presented. The discussion is set within the broader context of Australian foreign policy. Sources include official documents, media reports and consultations with officers of the Department of Health and Ageing responsible for international linkages. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15720728/ doi: 10.1186/1743-8462-2-3 id: cord-284861-kw0y9fpp author: Barrister, Alex Ruck Keene title: Capacity in the time of Coronavirus date: 2020-04-11 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Abstract In the course of a few short weeks, many of the established legal frameworks relating to decision-making in England & Wales in respect of those with impaired decision-making capacity have been ripped up, or apparently rendered all but unusable. Although the Mental Capacity Act 2005 itself was not amended, the impact of other legislation (especially the Coronavirus Act 2020) means that duties towards those with impaired decision-making capacity have been radically changed. This article reflects the experience of a practising barrister in England & Wales grappling with the impact of COVID-19 upon the Mental Capacity Act 2005 across a range of fields in the weeks after the world appeared to change in mid-March 2020. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32482298/ doi: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2020.101560 id: cord-276150-hp174yft author: Basnet, Sangita title: COVID-19 Containment Efforts of a Low-Resource Nation: The First Four Months in Nepal date: 2020-07-01 words: 3319.0 sentences: 188.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276150-hp174yft.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276150-hp174yft.txt summary: In our review, we determined that the key steps taken by Nepal included border control to prevent the importation of cases, strict quarantine in facilities for anyone entering the country, early case detection, and isolation of all infected cases irrespective of symptoms. Towards the end of March, there were five cases that had arrived from China, Europe, and Dubai that tested positive and were placed in isolation in COVID-19-designated hospitals in Kathmandu. On May 7, in order to increase the rate of testing in the limited number of facilities, PCR of pooled samples of individuals in quarantine and low risk for COVID-19 was started at a ratio of 1:5. After the initial cases introduced into Kathmandu by flight in early March as detailed above, there was a cohort of a few dozen Indian nationals adjacent to the border entering Nepal from India by land that tested positive. abstract: A novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 or SARS-CoV-2) was identified in hospitalized patients in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. It rapidly spread across the globe within the span of a few months. Nepal is a low-resource country with limited critical care delivery infrastructure. Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), the disease caused by the virus, could potentially cause a medical catastrophe in Nepal. We reviewed all pertinent documents published in the public domain by the Ministry of Health and Population of Nepal and other relevant literature. We aimed to describe the key strategies Nepal embraced in the first four months in its attempt to curtail the disease immediately following the identification of its first case and the challenges it faced. In our review, we determined that the key steps taken by Nepal included border control to prevent the importation of cases, strict quarantine in facilities for anyone entering the country, early case detection, and isolation of all infected cases irrespective of symptoms. Testing capabilities, quarantine facilities, and isolation beds were also rapidly increased. We discuss how Nepal achieved some success in the first four months between January 13, 2020, when the first case was identified, to May 13, 2020. However, it faced several challenges that ultimately led to an exponential rise in cases thereafter. url: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.8946 doi: 10.7759/cureus.8946 id: cord-276855-j10tvmvd author: Batsukh, Zayat title: One Health in Mongolia date: 2012-10-14 words: 5651.0 sentences: 247.0 pages: flesch: 33.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276855-j10tvmvd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276855-j10tvmvd.txt summary: An intersectoral coordination mechanism established between the veterinary and public health sectors has expanded its function to incorporate more work on food safety, emergency management, and effects of climate change on zoonotic diseases. mechanism established between the veterinary and public health sectors has expanded its function to incorporate more work on food safety, emergency management, and effects of climate change on zoonotic diseases. The Coordination Committee has responsibility for developing joint policy on the prevention and control of priority zoonotic diseases; for approving action plans produced by a technical working group; for making recommendations on risk assessment, early warning and response activities during outbreaks; for reviewing and revising zoonotic diseases standard operational procedures (SOPs) and guidelines to reflect intersectoral collaboration; for providing methodological assistance to improve the capacity of professional institutions at the national and subnational level; for coordinating cooperation among different sectors in carrying out early detection and response functions; and for monitoring and evaluating overall zoonotic disease prevention and control. abstract: The Asia Pacific Strategy for Emerging Diseases (APSED) requires collaboration, consensus, and partnership across all the different actors and sectors involved in different aspects of emerging disease. Guided by APSED, Mongolia has established a functional coordination mechanism between the animal and human health sectors. Surveillance, information exchange and risk assessment, risk reduction, and coordinated response capacity and collaborative research have been identified as the four pillars of the zoonoses framework. Intersectoral collaboration has been clearly shown to be a crucial tool in the prevention and control of emerging zoonotic diseases. A “One Health” strategy has been implemented under the concept of ‘Healthy animal-Healthy food-Healthy people’. An intersectoral coordination mechanism established between the veterinary and public health sectors has expanded its function to incorporate more work on food safety, emergency management, and effects of climate change on zoonotic diseases. Its membership includes the human health sector, the veterinary sector, the national emergency management agency, the environment sector, emergency management and inspection authorities, and the World Health Organization (WHO). The main outputs of the coordination mechanism have been strengthened surveillance and response activities and laboratory capacities. The coordination mechanism has also strengthened the surveillance and response capacity of neglected zoonotic diseases, such as brucellosis, anthrax, and tick-borne diseases. Through regular meetings and brainstorming sessions, both sectors have developed joint operational plans, a long-term risk reduction plan 2011–2015, initiated a prioritization exercise and risk assessment for 29 zoonotic diseases, and reviewed and revised standards, procedures, and communication strategies. In 2011, a list of experts on major zoonoses were identified from different sectors and formed into a taskforce to identify the focal points for rabies, brucellosis, and vector-borne diseases. As a result, disease control strategies are now linked to scientific research and epidemiological expertise. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23065105/ doi: 10.1007/82_2012_253 id: cord-341778-v2n8ez0t author: Bayen, Eleonore title: Will participation restrictions related to the COVID-19 lockdown boost inclusivity? date: 2020-04-29 words: 570.0 sentences: 34.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341778-v2n8ez0t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341778-v2n8ez0t.txt summary: In this biopsychosocial model, disability involves dysfunction in one or more of 3 different levels due to a given health condition: first, impairments (e.g., hemiplegia); second, activity limitations (e.g., inability to walk outside); and third, participation restrictions (e.g., not being able to perform a professional or social community activity). Importantly, the ICF points out how environmental factors (e.g., a wheelchair-accessible area or a dementia-friendly society) can be either facilitators or barriers to the everyday life functioning and social integration of the person. Thus, people living with a disability are used to developing adaptive behaviors to cope and lower the social and physical barriers they encounter in their environment. The present social lockdown context has immersed half of the planet in a disability situation (as defined in the WHO model), thus inverting individuals'' usual perspectives of capacity, growth and performance. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32360290/ doi: 10.1016/j.rehab.2020.04.004 id: cord-297734-rp7eoonp author: Bdaiwi, Yamama title: Challenges of providing healthcare worker education and training in protracted conflict: a focus on non-government controlled areas in north west Syria date: 2020-07-08 words: 7644.0 sentences: 348.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297734-rp7eoonp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297734-rp7eoonp.txt summary: title: Challenges of providing healthcare worker education and training in protracted conflict: a focus on non-government controlled areas in north west Syria As a result of the protracted conflict, targeting of healthcare and demand for trained HCWs in north west Syria, new faculties and institutes have been established in attempts to meet the education and training needs of physician and non-physician HCWs. Established facilities include three public faculties of medicine and three faculties of pharmacy at the Free Aleppo University (FAU), Idlib University and Shahba University; the latter was established in Dana to cover areas that are geographically far from Idlib University''s main campuses. As such, focused and realistic strategies which include key stakeholders and which are led and coordinated by local governing bodies (health directorates) could improve opportunities for HCW education and training in north west Syria. abstract: Without healthcare workers (HCWs), health and humanitarian provision in Syria cannot be sustained either now or in the post-conflict phase. The protracted conflict has led to the exodus of more than 70% of the healthcare workforce. Those remaining work in dangerous conditions with insufficient resources and a healthcare system that has been decimated by protracted conflict. For many HCWs, particularly those in non-government-controlled areas (NGCAs) of Syria, undergraduate education and postgraduate training has been interrupted with few opportunities to continue. In this manuscript, we explore initiatives present in north west Syria at both undergraduate and postgraduate level for physician and non-physician HCWs. Conclusion: Challenges to HCW education in north west Syria can be broadly divided into 1. Organisational (local healthcare leadership and governance, coordination and collaboration between stakeholders, competition between stakeholders and insufficient funding.) 2. Programmatic (lack of accreditation or recognition of qualifications, insufficient physical space for teaching, exodus of faculty affecting teaching and training, prioritisation of physicians over non-physicians, informally trained healthcare workers.) 3. Healthcare system related (politicisation of healthcare system, changing healthcare needs of the population, ongoing attacks on healthcare.) Locally implementable strategies including dedicated funding are key to supporting retention of HCWs and return during post-conflict reconstruction. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13031-020-00287-9 doi: 10.1186/s13031-020-00287-9 id: cord-268331-m4hqxna2 author: Beck, Teresa L. title: Medical Care for Undocumented Immigrants: National and International Issues date: 2018-11-16 words: 4034.0 sentences: 212.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268331-m4hqxna2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268331-m4hqxna2.txt summary: Leading medical professional societies such as the American Medical Association (AMA), American College of Physicians (ACP), the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP), and the American Nurses Association (ANA) reaffirm the position that all individuals living in the United States, regardless of their immigration status, should have access to quality health care, including the opportunity to purchase insurance. Several US cities and states with large immigrant populations have attempted to address their health care needs by providing access to primary care. My Health LA (MHLA) is a no-cost health care program that offers comprehensive health care for low-income, uninsured Los Angeles county residents, regardless of immigration status or medical condition. In the United States, cities with large numbers of immigrants have models that provide health care to their uninsured regardless of immigration status, and could potentially be expanded to other areas of the country experiencing increasing growth of their immigrant populations. abstract: The number of undocumented immigrants (UIs) varies worldwide, and most reside in the United States. With more than 12 million UIs in the United States, addressing the health care needs of this population presents unique challenges and opportunities. Most UIs are uninsured and rely on the safety-net health system for their care. Because of young age, this population is often considered to be healthier than the overall US population, but they have specific health conditions and risks. Adequate coverage is lacking; however, there are examples of how to better address the health care needs of UIs. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240579911830080X doi: 10.1016/j.cpha.2018.08.002 id: cord-281437-cb3u1s7s author: Bedford, Juliet title: A new twenty-first century science for effective epidemic response date: 2019-11-06 words: 6857.0 sentences: 283.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281437-cb3u1s7s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281437-cb3u1s7s.txt summary: The science of epidemiology has described patterns of disease in human populations, investigated the causes of those diseases, evaluated attempts to control them 7 and has been the foundation for public health responses to epidemic infections for over 100 years. The vulnerability of populations to outbreaks of zoonotic diseases such as Ebola, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and Nipah has increased, the rise and spread of drug-resistant infections, marked shifts in the ecology of known vectors (for example, the expanding range of Aedes mosquitoes) and massive amplification of transmission through globally connected, high-density urban areas (particularly relevant to Ebola, dengue, influenza and severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus SARS-CoV). Preparing for epidemics, therefore, requires global health, economic and political systems to be integrated just as much as infectious disease epidemiology, translational research and development, and community engagement. abstract: With rapidly changing ecology, urbanization, climate change, increased travel and fragile public health systems, epidemics will become more frequent, more complex and harder to prevent and contain. Here we argue that our concept of epidemics must evolve from crisis response during discrete outbreaks to an integrated cycle of preparation, response and recovery. This is an opportunity to combine knowledge and skills from all over the world—especially at-risk and affected communities. Many disciplines need to be integrated, including not only epidemiology but also social sciences, research and development, diplomacy, logistics and crisis management. This requires a new approach to training tomorrow’s leaders in epidemic prevention and response. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31695207/ doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1717-y id: cord-291036-j6ybcv93 author: Beebe, James L. title: Public health and clinical laboratories: Partners in the age of emerging infections date: 2006-01-15 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Clinical and public health laboratories have experienced unprecedented challenges in the form of demands to comply with revised regulations and economic pressures to be more efficient while preparing to respond to everything from pandemic influenza to bioterrorism. These forces have been an impetus for laboratorians to communicate, cooperate, and collaborate as never before and to seek the common ground where knowledge and resources can be shared to weather the profound economic and political forces at work today. The appearance of newly emerging and reemergent infections caused by agents of foodborne illness, anthrax, smallpox, plague, influenza, and other diseases has fostered cooperative network enterprises between clinical and public health laboratories, allowing the early detection of outbreaks of common and unusual pathogens and the measurement of the effectiveness of public health measures. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32287678/ doi: 10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2005.12.007 id: cord-256635-zz58w3ro author: Beermann, Sandra title: Public health microbiology in Germany: 20 years of national reference centers and consultant laboratories date: 2015-08-21 words: 3876.0 sentences: 203.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256635-zz58w3ro.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256635-zz58w3ro.txt summary: In 1995, in agreement with the German Federal Ministry of Health, the Robert Koch Institute established a public health microbiology system consisting of national reference centers (NRCs) and consultant laboratories (CLs). As part of this concept, the RKI implemented a weekly epidemiological bulletin, formed the Committee for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, trained epidemiologists for surveillance and outbreak investigation and set up a system of national reference laboratories: national reference centers (NRCs) and consultant laboratories (CLs) (Petersen et al., 2000) . In the next step, the Advisory Board for Public Health Microbiology (formerly called the Committee for Infectious Disease Epidemiology) assesses the proposal and provides the RKI with a recommendation on whether to set up a new laboratory. At the end of each appointment period, an evaluation of the laboratories is performed by the RKI in cooperation with the Advisory Board for Public Health Microbiology, which again consults national and international professional societies and experts. abstract: In 1995, in agreement with the German Federal Ministry of Health, the Robert Koch Institute established a public health microbiology system consisting of national reference centers (NRCs) and consultant laboratories (CLs). The goal was to improve the efficiency of infection protection by advising the authorities on possible measures and to supplement infectious disease surveillance by monitoring selected pathogens that have high public health relevance. Currently, there are 19 NRCs and 40 CLs, each appointed for three years. In 2009, an additional system of national networks of NRCs and CLs was set up in order to enhance effectiveness and cooperation within the national reference laboratory system. The aim of these networks was to advance exchange in diagnostic methods and prevention concepts among reference laboratories and to develop geographic coverage of services. In the last two decades, the German public health laboratory reference system coped with all major infectious disease challenges. The European Union and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) are considering implementing a European public health microbiology reference laboratory system. The German reference laboratory system should be well prepared to participate actively in this upcoming endeavor. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmm.2015.08.007 doi: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2015.08.007 id: cord-252111-hllama3i author: Beitsch, Leslie M. title: The Medicine and Public Health Initiative Ten Years Later date: 2005-08-31 words: 3477.0 sentences: 182.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252111-hllama3i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252111-hllama3i.txt summary: In order to highlight the importance of strengthening this partnership, this paper reviews the 10-year history of the MPHI, discusses some of the current MPHI activities in three bellwether states (Texas, Florida, and California), as well as internation-ally, and issues recommendations for a renewed partnership between the fields of medicine and public health. What began as a meeting between California Medical Association leadership and local health officials has evolved into a much more inclusive steering committee with attendance by numerous community-based organizations as well as its charter members, medicine and public health. The partners conducted state and local level continuing education programs to focus medicine and public health collaborative efforts on health priorities within Texas. abstract: Abstract The Medicine and Public Health Initiative (MPHI) was created jointly 10 years ago by the American Medical Association and the American Public Health Association to bridge the nearly century-wide gulf between the respective disciplines. We review the history of MPHI and its growing significance in light of recent terrorism events. We report on current MPHI activities by examining three bellwether states—California, Florida, and Texas—as well as international sites. Upon its inception, MPHI was rapidly embraced and nationally disseminated. Sustainability 10 years later in the post-911 world requires renewed commitment by all collaborators. In order to meet the numerous health challenges facing our nation, from terrorism to chronic disease, and for MPHI to be successful, medicine and public health must work in tandem. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16005812/ doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.04.005 id: cord-350430-hadtwybp author: Bell, Sue Anne title: Practice Informs Research and Research Informs Practice: The Making of a Disaster Nurse Scientist date: 2020-08-19 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0099176720302075 doi: 10.1016/j.jen.2020.06.009 id: cord-354434-bi409a6o author: Benjamin, Georges C. title: Ensuring health equity during the COVID-19 pandemic: the role of public health infrastructure date: 2020-05-29 words: 2387.0 sentences: 152.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354434-bi409a6o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354434-bi409a6o.txt summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly stressed public health systems around the world and exposed the gaps in health care for underserved and vulnerable populations. Faced with old threats (e.g., re-emergence of measles), disruptive new technologies (e.g., electronic cigarettes), increased challenges (e.g. drug-resistant organisms), and new threats (e.g., the current pandemic, climate change, politicized misinformation), our health systems must be robust and resilient. Health care infrastructure can be better prepared and more equitable if systems are strengthened by building on core competencies and following the recommendations made for leadership, stakeholder involvement, accreditation, data collection, and funding resources. The current pandemic demonstrates the challenges that we must overcome as a global community to ensure equitable health care access, economic security, and public health protections for vulnerable communities. A well-resourced and properly-structured public health system that is accountable, properly resourced, and able to perform the 10 core competencies can meet the needs of vulnerable populations and ensure equity is achieved across the lifespan in all communities. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly stressed public health systems around the world and exposed the gaps in health care for underserved and vulnerable populations. In the context of the social determinants of health, focusing on health system preparedness is paramount for protecting the health of all of society. Faced with old threats (e.g., re-emergence of measles), disruptive new technologies (e.g., electronic cigarettes), increased challenges (e.g. drug-resistant organisms), and new threats (e.g., the current pandemic, climate change, politicized misinformation), our health systems must be robust and resilient. The response must include those who now suffer disproportionately—the poor and the vulnerable. Current World Health Organization priorities call for infrastructures capable of detecting, monitoring, and responding to health emergencies, such as COVID-19, and the health impacts of climate change in the context of health for all. Health care infrastructure can be better prepared and more equitable if systems are strengthened by building on core competencies and following the recommendations made for leadership, stakeholder involvement, accreditation, data collection, and funding resources. Ensuring health equity in a pandemic requires robust and resilient public health infrastructure during normal times. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32523608/ doi: 10.26633/rpsp.2020.70 id: cord-320509-3a40djjm author: Benke, Christoph title: Lockdown, quarantine measures, and social distancing: Associations with depression, anxiety and distress at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic among adults from Germany date: 2020-09-18 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic is suggested to have a negative impact on mental health. To prevent the spread of Sars-CoV-2, governments worldwide have implemented different forms of public health measures ranging from physical distancing recommendations to stay-at-home orders, which have disrupted individuals’ everyday life tremendously. However, evidence on the associations of the COVID-19 pandemic and public health measures with mental health are limited so far. In this study, we investigated the role of sociodemographic and COVID-19 related factors for immediate mental health consequences in a nationwide community sample of adults from Germany (N = 4335). Specifically, we examined the effects of different forms and levels of restriction resulting from public health measures (e.g. quarantine, stay-at-home order) on anxiety and depression symptomatology, health anxiety, loneliness, the occurrence of fearful spells, psychosocial distress and life-satisfaction. We found that higher restrictions due to lockdown measures, a greater reduction of social contacts and greater perceived changes in life were associated with higher mental health impairments. Importantly, a subjectively assumed but not an officially announced stay-at-home order was associated with poorer mental health. Our findings underscore the importance of adequate risk communication and targeted mental health recommendations especially for vulnerable groups during these challenging times. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165178120331231?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113462 id: cord-258842-vuxzv6eu author: Bennett, B. title: Legal rights during pandemics: Federalism, rights and public health laws – a view from Australia date: 2009-02-26 words: 5074.0 sentences: 252.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258842-vuxzv6eu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258842-vuxzv6eu.txt summary: Secondly, our understandings of the role of law in responding to pandemics are necessarily informed by relational bonds between individuals in society, and by the meanings of rights and responsibilities for public health laws when dealing with infectious disease. 17, 19 However, while the Federal Government can seek to use its other constitutional powers to achieve health-related objectives, it is important to realize that the power under Section 51(ix) of the Constitution to make laws ''with respect to quarantine'' is the only power relating to communicable diseases directly given to the Federal Government in the Constitution, and that this, in turn, shapes Australian debates about government responses to public health issues and emergencies. 46 The World Health Organization has acknowledged the importance of legal and ethical considerations to pandemic preparedness, noting that public health measures such as quarantine, compulsory vaccination and off-licence use of medicines ''need a legal framework to ensure transparent assessment and justification of the measures that are being considered, and to ensure coherence with international legislation (International Health Regulations)''. abstract: Pandemic influenza will cause significant social and economic disruption. Legal frameworks can play an important role in clarifying the rights and duties of individuals, communities and governments for times of crisis. In addressing legal frameworks, there is a need for jurisdictional clarity between different levels of government in responding to public health emergencies. Public health laws are also informed by our understandings of rights and responsibilities for individuals and communities, and the balancing of public health and public freedoms. Consideration of these issues is an essential part of planning for pandemic influenza. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2008.12.019 doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2008.12.019 id: cord-285557-my16g91c author: Berger, A. title: Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)—paradigm of an emerging viral infection date: 2004-01-31 words: 6381.0 sentences: 291.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285557-my16g91c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285557-my16g91c.txt summary: This strengthened the case for the novel coronavirus being the cause of SARS, but only after it had been shown to cause a similar illness in artificially infected macaques could it be regarded as fulfilling all four of Koch''s postulates ; World Health Organisation Multicentre Collaborative Networks for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Diagnosis, 2003) . Nevertheless, and despite considerable progress in this field, much remains to be done until laboratory tests become a useful tool for the management of SARS cases (World Health Organization Multicentre Collaborative Network for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Diagnosis, 2003) . An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed that detects antibodies in the serum of SARS patients and reliably yields positive results at around day 21 after the onset of illness (World Health Organization Multicentre Collaborative Network for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Diagnosis, 2003). abstract: Abstract An acute and often severe respiratory illness emerged in southern China in late 2002 and rapidly spread to different areas of the Far East as well as several countries around the globe. When the outbreak of this apparently novel infectious disease termed severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) came to an end in July 2003, it had caused over 8000 probable cases worldwide and more than 700 deaths. Starting in March 2003, the World Health Organization (WHO) organised an unprecedented international effort by leading laboratories working together to find the causative agent. Little more than one week later, three research groups from this WHO-coordinated network simultaneously found evidence of a hitherto unknown coronavirus in SARS patients, using different approaches. After Koch’s postulates had been fulfilled, WHO officially declared on 16 April 2003 that this virus never before seen in humans is the cause of SARS. Ever since, progress around SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) has been swift. Within weeks of the first isolate being obtained, its complete genome was sequenced. Diagnostic tests based on the detection of SARS-CoV RNA were developed and made available freely and widely; nevertheless the SARS case definition still remains based on clinical and epidemiological criteria. The agent’s environmental stability, methods suitable for inactivation and disinfection, and potential antiviral compounds have been studied, and development of vaccines and immunotherapeutics is ongoing. Despite its grave consequences in humanitarian, political and economic terms, SARS may serve as an example of how much can be achieved through a well-coordinated international approach, combining the latest technological advances of molecular virology with more “traditional” techniques carried out to an excellent standard. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14675864/ doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2003.09.011 id: cord-030922-l7xuu9a5 author: Bergström, Anna title: The use of the PARIHS framework in implementation research and practice—a citation analysis of the literature date: 2020-08-27 words: 12740.0 sentences: 569.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-030922-l7xuu9a5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-030922-l7xuu9a5.txt summary: BACKGROUND: The Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARIHS) framework was developed two decades ago and conceptualizes successful implementation (SI) as a function (f) of the evidence (E) nature and type, context (C) quality, and the facilitation (F), [SI = f (E,C,F)]. The PARIHS framework is a commonly used conceptual framework [1, 4] that posits successful implementation (SI) as a function (f) of the nature and type of evidence (E) (including research, clinical experience, patient experience, and local information), the qualities of the context (C) of implementation (including culture, leadership, and evaluation), and the way the implementation process is facilitated (F) (internal and/or external person acting as a facilitator to enable the process of implementation); SI = f(E,C,F). Categorical data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, whereas the open-ended items were analyzed qualitatively [16] , including the collated extractions of data to illustrate each of the four types of use (i.e., how the PARIHS framework was depicted in terms of (1) planning and delivering an intervention, (2) analysis, (3) evaluation of study findings, and/or (4) in any other way). abstract: BACKGROUND: The Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARIHS) framework was developed two decades ago and conceptualizes successful implementation (SI) as a function (f) of the evidence (E) nature and type, context (C) quality, and the facilitation (F), [SI = f (E,C,F)]. Despite a growing number of citations of theoretical frameworks including PARIHS, details of how theoretical frameworks are used remains largely unknown. This review aimed to enhance the understanding of the breadth and depth of the use of the PARIHS framework. METHODS: This citation analysis commenced from four core articles representing the key stages of the framework’s development. The citation search was performed in Web of Science and Scopus. After exclusion, we undertook an initial assessment aimed to identify articles using PARIHS and not only referencing any of the core articles. To assess this, all articles were read in full. Further data extraction included capturing information about where (country/countries and setting/s) PARIHS had been used, as well as categorizing how the framework was applied. Also, strengths and weaknesses, as well as efforts to validate the framework, were explored in detail. RESULTS: The citation search yielded 1613 articles. After applying exclusion criteria, 1475 articles were read in full, and the initial assessment yielded a total of 367 articles reported to have used the PARIHS framework. These articles were included for data extraction. The framework had been used in a variety of settings and in both high-, middle-, and low-income countries. With regard to types of use, 32% used PARIHS in planning and delivering an intervention, 50% in data analysis, 55% in the evaluation of study findings, and/or 37% in any other way. Further analysis showed that its actual application was frequently partial and generally not well elaborated. CONCLUSIONS: In line with previous citation analysis of the use of theoretical frameworks in implementation science, we also found a rather superficial description of the use of PARIHS. Thus, we propose the development and adoption of reporting guidelines on how framework(s) are used in implementation studies, with the expectation that this will enhance the maturity of implementation science. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7450685/ doi: 10.1186/s13012-020-01003-0 id: cord-296863-xu0h92ac author: Berlinguer, Giovanni title: Bioethics, health, and inequality date: 2004-09-17 words: 4325.0 sentences: 191.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296863-xu0h92ac.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296863-xu0h92ac.txt summary: The International Bioethics Committee (IBC) of UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization) recommended that "PGD be limited to medical indications. The convention includes articles on the rights of the patient, on equitable access to health care, on respect for private life, on non-discrimination on genetic grounds, on transplants, and on prohibition of financial gains "from the human body and his parts as such" (article 21). The main difficulty in practising moral principles concerning human dignity and equity in health is that in the past 15 years a singular ethics (and a singular policy) prevailed in the world, which resulted in overturning the health paradigms that had successfully guided public health and health services for one century. As far as ethics is concerned, the difference is that WHO does have a moral obligation towards people''s health, whereas the WTO, the IMF, and the World Bank do not. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673604170669 doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(04)17066-9 id: cord-018497-oy7hsrpt author: Beutels, Philippe P.A. title: Economic aspects of vaccines and vaccination: a global perspective date: 2005 words: 6370.0 sentences: 285.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-018497-oy7hsrpt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-018497-oy7hsrpt.txt summary: The share of health-care expenditures in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of most industrialised countries has increased from 3%-5% in the early sixties to 7%-11% in 2001 (from 5% to 14% in the USA) [1] This rise has been attributed to medical advances (increasing the number and technological complexity of medical interventions), population aging, sociological changes (more, but smaller families and less familial support for the elderly) and insufficient productivity increases in the services sector. Because of the very long time spans over which benefits accrue, the analysis of most vaccination programs is very sensitive to discounting (of costs as well as health effects). It seems clear, though, that the smallpox eradication program and the establishment of the EPI have generated enormous benefits, not only by directly protecting against important vaccine-preventable diseases, but also by providing opportunities for health education and infrastructure in developing countries [30] . abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7123384/ doi: 10.1007/3-7643-7381-4_1 id: cord-343205-zjw4fbfd author: Bhaskar, Sonu title: Telemedicine as the New Outpatient Clinic Gone Digital: Position Paper From the Pandemic Health System REsilience PROGRAM (REPROGRAM) International Consortium (Part 2) date: 2020-09-07 words: 9169.0 sentences: 440.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343205-zjw4fbfd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343205-zjw4fbfd.txt summary: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the American College of Cardiology urgently updated its guidance on "Telehealth: Rapid Implementation for Your Cardiology Clinic, " in which it encouraged remote monitoring and virtual visits of patients with cardiac problems (16) . A program developed in Germany known as TRANSIT-stroke, in which rural hospitals established a telemedicine network, saw an improvement in patient outcomes as neurological assessment was made faster, treatments were issued within the required timeframe, and 24 h neurologist access was enabled (27) . The rapid move by various bodies, associations, and providers to use telemedicine in maintaining patient continuity while limiting COVID-19 risks of exposure to patients and healthcare workers will have a long-term impact well-beyond the current pandemic. Key Strategies for clinical management and improvement of healthcare services for cardiovascular disease and diabetes patients in the coronavirus (COVID-19) settings: recommendations from the REPROGRAM consortium abstract: Technology has acted as a great enabler of patient continuity through remote consultation, ongoing monitoring, and patient education using telephone and videoconferencing in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) era. The devastating impact of COVID-19 is bound to prevail beyond its current reign. The vulnerable sections of our community, including the elderly, those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, those with multiple comorbidities, and immunocompromised patients, endure a relatively higher burden of a pandemic such as COVID-19. The rapid adoption of different technologies across countries, driven by the need to provide continued medical care in the era of social distancing, has catalyzed the penetration of telemedicine. Limiting the exposure of patients, healthcare workers, and systems is critical in controlling the viral spread. Telemedicine offers an opportunity to improve health systems delivery, access, and efficiency. This article critically examines the current telemedicine landscape and challenges in its adoption, toward remote/tele-delivery of care, across various medical specialties. The current consortium provides a roadmap and/or framework, along with recommendations, for telemedicine uptake and implementation in clinical practice during and beyond COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00410 doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00410 id: cord-262431-0cragfka author: Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. title: Revisiting child and adolescent health in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals date: 2020-10-30 words: 962.0 sentences: 50.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262431-0cragfka.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262431-0cragfka.txt summary: In conceptualizing the life course from birth to adulthood in terms of trajectories of healthy growth, learning, and development, there are predictable touch points where investments can be made and progress monitored-growth before age 2 years, readiness for school, developmental and academic milestones in school, and social milestones with respect to family, peer, and dating relationships. This ''contextual'' and ''cumulative'' perspective is important for understanding trajectories of survival, health and development throughout childhood and adolescence and the ''reciprocal'' social and economic contributions that healthy, fulfilled adults can make to inclusive, sustainable societies. In a forthcoming PLOS Medicine special issue [13] , we are inviting impactful research in this important area on strategies to monitor and combat child mortality globally from birth through adolescence, school-age health and welfare, marginalised populations, and the environmental impacts on children''s health. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33125368/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003449 id: cord-252984-79jzkdu2 author: Bickman, Leonard title: Improving Mental Health Services: A 50-Year Journey from Randomized Experiments to Artificial Intelligence and Precision Mental Health date: 2020-07-26 words: 35534.0 sentences: 1845.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252984-79jzkdu2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252984-79jzkdu2.txt summary: I describe five principal causes of this failure, which I attribute primarily, but not solely, to methodological limitations of RCTs. Lastly, I make the case for why I think AI and the parallel movement of precision medicine embody approaches that are needed to augment, but probably not replace, our current research and development efforts in the field of mental health services. (1) harmonize terminology and specify MBC''s core components; (2) develop criterion standard methods for monitoring fidelity and reporting quality of implementation; (3) develop algorithms for MBC to guide psychotherapy; (4) test putative mechanisms of change, particularly for psychotherapy; (5) develop brief and psychometrically strong measures for use in combination; (6) assess the critical timing of administration needed to optimize patient outcomes; (7) streamline measurement feedback systems to include only key ingredients and enhance electronic health record interoperability; (8) identify discrete strategies to support implementation; (9) make evidence-based policy decisions; and (10) align reimbursement structures. abstract: This conceptual paper describes the current state of mental health services, identifies critical problems, and suggests how to solve them. I focus on the potential contributions of artificial intelligence and precision mental health to improving mental health services. Toward that end, I draw upon my own research, which has changed over the last half century, to highlight the need to transform the way we conduct mental health services research. I identify exemplars from the emerging literature on artificial intelligence and precision approaches to treatment in which there is an attempt to personalize or fit the treatment to the client in order to produce more effective interventions. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-020-01065-8 doi: 10.1007/s10488-020-01065-8 id: cord-346498-m1v9q7gk author: Bidaisee, Satesh title: Zoonoses and One Health: A Review of the Literature date: 2014-01-30 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Background. One health is a concept that was officially adopted by international organizations and scholarly bodies in 1984. It is the notion of combining human, animal, and environmental components to address global health challenges that have an ecological interconnectedness. Methods. A cross-sectional study of the available literature cited was conducted from January 1984 when the one health concept was adopted till December 2012 to examine the role of the one health approach towards zoonoses. Inclusion criteria included publications, professional presentations, funding allocations, official documentation books, and book chapters, and exclusion criteria included those citations written outside the period of review. Results. A total of 737 resources met the inclusion criteria and were considered in this review. Resources showed a continuous upward trend for the years from 2006 to 2012. The predominant resources were journal publications with environmental health as the significant scope focus for one health. There was also an emphasis on the distribution of the work from developed countries. All categories of years, resources, scopes, and country locale differed from the means (P = 0.000). Year of initiative, scope, and country locale showed a dependent relationship (P = 0.022, P = 0.003, and P = 0.021, resp.). Conclusion. Our findings demonstrate the rapid growth in embracing the concept of one health, particularly in developed countries over the past six years. The advantages and benefits of this approach in tackling zoonoses are manifold, yet they are still not seemingly being embraced in developing countries where zoonoses have the greatest impact. url: https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/874345 doi: 10.1155/2014/874345 id: cord-317795-689at1qx author: Bielicki, Julia A title: Monitoring approaches for health-care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-23 words: 4876.0 sentences: 213.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317795-689at1qx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317795-689at1qx.txt summary: One of the greatest risks to the health-care system is a high rate of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among health-care workers and the consequent lack of skilled staff to ensure a functioning local or regional response to the pandemic. 5 National and international recommendations for risk assessment and management of hospital health-care staff working with patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 are detailed and publicly available. Can rapidly deplete the workforce, particularly in cases of HCWs infected with SARS-CoV-2 exposing many colleagues or when there is uncontrolled community transmission, with HCWs exposed outside of the hospital; might not be relevant in settings where some level of PPE is universally recommended (eg, wearing surgical mask for all patient contacts) and there is high adherence to other IPC measures Specific recommendations for monitoring health-care workers for potential SARS-CoV-2 infection should be available for all staff who are expecting to see or currently managing patients with COVID-19. abstract: Health-care workers are crucial to any health-care system. During the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, health-care workers are at a substantially increased risk of becoming infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and could come to considerable harm as a result. Depending on the phase of the pandemic, patients with COVID-19 might not be the main source of SARS-CoV-2 infection and health-care workers could be exposed to atypical patients, infected family members, contacts, and colleagues, or live in communities of active transmission. Clear strategies to support and appropriately manage exposed and infected health-care workers are essential to ensure effective staff management and to engender trust in the workplace. These management strategies should focus on risk stratification, suitable clinical monitoring, low-threshold access to diagnostics, and decision making about removal from and return to work. Policy makers need to support health-care facilities in interpreting guidance during a pandemic that will probably be characterised by fluctuating local incidence of SARS-CoV-2 to mitigate the impact of this pandemic on their workforce. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32711692/ doi: 10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30458-8 id: cord-006163-37bnj3s3 author: Blouin, Chantal title: Global health diplomacy for obesity prevention: Lessons from tobacco control date: 2010-06-10 words: 3484.0 sentences: 198.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-006163-37bnj3s3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-006163-37bnj3s3.txt summary: Negotiation of the Framework convention on tobacco control provides an apt example from global health diplomacy to tackle diet-related chronic diseases. WHO member states were able to come to an agreement on tobacco control, and therefore it is possible that other factors, including common challenges for regulating the industry, can provide sufficient impetus for success in global health diplomacy for chronic disease prevention. To address the problems related to global marketing and advertising of tobacco products and the pressure from multinationals on national governments to curb regulatory actions, the WHO and its member governments, supported by a number of non-governmental actors, promoted the development of a multilateral treaty. 26 Based on these lessons, we conclude that global health diplomacy for obesity prevention requires a much higher level of mobilisation of political leaders, civil society organisations, governments and non-state actors in developing countries, and engagement with the many private actors in the agri-food industries before healthy diet proponents are ready to negotiate a treaty similar to the FCTC. abstract: To date the global health diplomacy agenda has focused primarily on infectious diseases. Policymakers have not dedicated the same level of attention to chronic diseases, despite their rising contribution to the global burden of disease. Negotiation of the Framework convention on tobacco control provides an apt example from global health diplomacy to tackle diet-related chronic diseases. What lessons can be learned from this experience for preventing obesity? This article looks at why a global policy response is necessary, at the actors and interests involved in the negotiations, and at the forum for diplomacy. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7100019/ doi: 10.1057/jphp.2010.4 id: cord-326590-ocd9ojnc author: Boggio, Andrea title: Human rights and global health emergencies preparedness date: 2020-04-07 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.10.010334 doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.010334 id: cord-350521-jfd5gd2p author: Bong, Choon-Looi title: The COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Low- and Middle-Income Countries date: 2020-04-20 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading rapidly around the world with devastating consequences on patients, health care workers, health systems, and economies. As it reaches low- and middle-income countries, its effects could be even more dire, because it will be difficult for them to respond aggressively to the pandemic. There is a great shortage of all health care providers, who will be at risk due to a lack of personal protection equipment. Social distancing will be almost impossible. The necessary resources to treat patients will be in short supply. The end result could be a catastrophic loss of life. A global effort will be required to support faltering economies and health care systems. url: https://doi.org/10.1213/ane.0000000000004846 doi: 10.1213/ane.0000000000004846 id: cord-249166-0w0t631x author: Booss-Bavnbek, Bernhelm title: Dynamics and Control of Covid-19: Comments by Two Mathematicians date: 2020-08-17 words: 7251.0 sentences: 424.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-249166-0w0t631x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-249166-0w0t631x.txt summary: We give an overview of the main branches of mathematics that play a role and sketch the most frequent applications, emphasising mathematical pattern analysis in laboratory work and statistical-mathematical models in judging the quality of tests; demographic methods in the collection of data; different ways to model the evolution of the pandemic mathematically; and clinical epidemiology in attempts to develop a vaccine. A few physicians suggested that every epidemic ends because there are finally not enough people left to be infected, which is a naïve predecessor to the mathematical-epidemiologic concept of Herd Immunity (see Sect. Parallel to the entering the scene of these and other epidemics, and partly motivated by them, basically new mathematical tools of public health emerged in the first part of the 20 th Century, preceded by a few studies in the late 19 th . Dealing with large epidemics mathematically was no longer a matter of demography alone, although that continued to be the main tool for estimating number of cases and deaths. abstract: We are asking: why are the dynamics and control of Covid-19 most interesting for mathematicians and why are mathematicians urgently needed for controlling the pandemic? First we present our comments in a Bottom-up approach, i.e., following the events from their beginning as they evolved through time. They happened differently in different countries, and the main objective of the first part is to compare these evolutions in a few selected countries with each other. The second part of the article is not"country-oriented"but"problem-oriented". From a given problem we go Top-down to its solutions and their applications in concrete situations. We have organized this part by the mathematical methods that play a role in their solution. We give an overview of the main branches of mathematics that play a role and sketch the most frequent applications, emphasising mathematical pattern analysis in laboratory work and statistical-mathematical models in judging the quality of tests; demographic methods in the collection of data; different ways to model the evolution of the pandemic mathematically; and clinical epidemiology in attempts to develop a vaccine. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.07929v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-294423-3458rek8 author: Boucher, Nathan A. title: Older Adults Post-Incarceration: Restructuring Long-Term Services and Supports in the Time of COVID-19 date: 2020-09-29 words: 1776.0 sentences: 131.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294423-3458rek8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294423-3458rek8.txt summary: Objectives To describe long-term care services and supports (LTSS) in the US, note their limitations in serving older adults post-incarceration, and offer potential solutions – with special consideration for the COVID-19 pandemic. 11 Furthermore, according to a recent systematic review, re-entry planning for 58 older incarcerated persons is "sparse and the outlook is grim, given that many are released to 59 urban communities characterized by health disparities and inadequate health care resources." 12 60 And yet, there is strong evidence that optimal utilization of health-related services is linked to 61 improved health outcomes, lower recidivism (re-incarceration), and improvements in housing, 62 employability, and support provided through families. Recently released older adults, given high rates of health problems and chronic 64 conditions, may simultaneously face both a great need for access to routine and acute health care, 65 as well as an accelerated need for long-term services and supports (LTSS) for their age. abstract: Objectives To describe long-term care services and supports (LTSS) in the US, note their limitations in serving older adults post-incarceration, and offer potential solutions – with special consideration for the COVID-19 pandemic. Design Narrative review Setting and Participants: Long-term care services and supports for older adults post-incarceration Methods Literature review and policy analysis Results Skilled nursing facilities, nursing homes, assisted living, adult foster homes, and informal care from family and friends compose LTSS for older adults, but their utilization suffers from access and payment complexities, especially for older adults post-incarceration. A combination of public-private partnerships, utilization of health professional trainees, and unique approaches to informal caregiver support, including direct compensation to caregivers, could help older adults reentering our communities following prison. Conclusions and Implications Long-standing gaps in US LTSS are revealed by the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. Older adults entering our communities from prison are particularly vulnerable and need unique solutions to aging care as they face stigma and access challenges not typically encountered by the general population. Our review and discussion offer guidance to systems, practitioners, and policy makers on how to improve the care of older adults post-incarceration. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1525861020308306 doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.09.030 id: cord-261695-2zg3j4x8 author: Boufkhed, Sabah title: Preparedness of African palliative care services to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic: A rapid assessment date: 2020-09-16 words: 3970.0 sentences: 262.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261695-2zg3j4x8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261695-2zg3j4x8.txt summary: Most services (80%) reported having the capacity to use technology instead of face-to-face appointment, and half (52%) reported having palliative care protocols for symptom management and psychological support that could be shared with non-specialist staff in other healthcare settings. CONCLUSION: Our survey suggests that African palliative care services could support the wider health system''s response to the COVID-19 pandemic with greater resources such as basic infection control materials. Three in five palliative care 113 services declared that cleaning staff were included in information sharing and training regarding 114 managing COVID19. Half of services reported having palliative care protocols for symptom management and 160 psychological support that could be shared with non-specialist staff in other healthcare facilities 161 (see Table 7 ). This study provides much-needed evidence on the preparedness and capacity of African palliative 238 care services to respond to COVID19 abstract: CONTEXT: Palliative care is an essential component of the COVID-19 pandemic response, but is overlooked in national and international preparedness plans. The preparedness and capacity of African palliative care services to respond to COVID-19 is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the preparedness and capacity of African palliative care services to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: We developed, piloted and conducted a cross-sectional online survey guided by the 2005 International Health Regulations. It was emailed to the 166 African Palliative Care Association's members and partners. Descriptive analyses were conducted. RESULTS: Eighty-three participants from 21 countries completed the survey. Most services had at least one procedure for the case management of COVID-19 or another infectious disease (63%). Respondents reported concerns over accessing running water, soap and disinfectant products (43%, 42%, and 59% respectively), and security concerns for themselves or their staff (52%). Two in five services (41%) did not have any or make available additional Personal Protective Equipment. Most services (80%) reported having the capacity to use technology instead of face-to-face appointment, and half (52%) reported having palliative care protocols for symptom management and psychological support that could be shared with non-specialist staff in other healthcare settings. CONCLUSION: Our survey suggests that African palliative care services could support the wider health system’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic with greater resources such as basic infection control materials. It identified specific and systemic weaknesses impeding their preparedness to respond to outbreaks. The findings call for urgent measures to ensure staff and patient safety. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.09.018 doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.09.018 id: cord-299136-rziqtdp0 author: Bourassa, Kyle J title: Social Distancing as a Health Behavior: County-Level Movement in the United States During the COVID-19 Pandemic Is Associated with Conventional Health Behaviors date: 2020-07-01 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: Social distancing—when people limit close contact with others outside their household—is a primary intervention available to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. The importance of social distancing is unlikely to change until effective treatments or vaccines become widely available. However, relatively little is known about how best to promote social distancing. Applying knowledge from social and behavioral research on conventional health behaviors (e.g., smoking, physical activity) to support public health efforts and research on social distancing is promising, but empirical evidence supporting this approach is needed. PURPOSE: We examined whether one type of social distancing behavior—reduced movement outside the home—was associated with conventional health behaviors. METHOD: We examined the association between GPS-derived movement behavior in 2,858 counties in USA from March 1 to April 7, 2020 and the prevalence of county-level indicators influenced by residents’ conventional health behaviors. RESULTS: Changes in movement were associated with conventional health behaviors, and the magnitude of these associations were similar to the associations among the conventional health behaviors. Counties with healthier behaviors—particularly less obesity and greater physical activity—evidenced greater reduction in movement outside the home during the initial phases of the pandemic in the USA. CONCLUSIONS: Social distancing, in the form of reduced movement outside the home, is associated with conventional health behaviors. Existing scientific literature on health behavior and health behavior change can be more confidently used to promote social distancing behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/abm/kaaa049 doi: 10.1093/abm/kaaa049 id: cord-104450-nb2sxfax author: Bouso, José Carlos title: Traditional Healing Practices Involving Psychoactive Plants and the Global Mental Health Agenda: Opportunities, Pitfalls, and Challenges in the “Right to Science” Framework date: 2020-06-17 words: 2650.0 sentences: 138.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-104450-nb2sxfax.txt txt: ./txt/cord-104450-nb2sxfax.txt summary: perspective Traditional Healing Practices Involving Psychoactive Plants and the Global Mental Health Agenda: Opportunities, Pitfalls, and Challenges in the "Right to Science" Framework josé carlos bouso and constanza sánchez-avilés Introduction: Global mental health and traditional medicines For example, WHO''s Mental Health Action Plan 2013-2020 acknowledges the value of traditional medical systems only subsidiarily, qualifying them as "informal": "Greater collaboration with ''informal'' mental health care providers, including families, as well as religious leaders, faith healers, traditional healers, school teachers, police officers and local nongovernmental organizations, is also needed." 2 Similarly, the Lancet Commission on Global Mental Health and Sustainable Development''s report mentions traditional healing systems only when stating that "[g]lobal mental health practitioners have shown that integrating understanding of local explanatory models of illness experiences is possible while respecting the complementary role of Western biomedical and local traditional approaches to treatment." 3 Paradoxically, in most parts of the Global South, traditional healers are more numerous than mental health workers, and they constitute the main health resource that local populations use and believe in. Traditional healing practices involving psychoactive plants: Human rights challenges Worldwide interest in ayahuasca and related traditional Amazonian medical systems is typical of contemporary globalization. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7348435/ doi: nan id: cord-324635-27q3nxte author: Bouza, Emilio title: The situation of infection in the elderly in Spain: a multidisciplinary opinion document date: 2020-09-08 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Infection in the elderly is a huge issue whose treatment usually has partial and specific approaches. It is, moreover, one of the areas where intervention can have the most success in improving the quality of life of older patients. In an attempt to give the widest possible focus to this issue, the Health Sciences Foundation has convened experts from different areas to produce this position paper on Infection in the Elderly, so as to compare the opinions of expert doctors and nurses, pharmacists, journalists, representatives of elderly associations and concluding with the ethical aspects raised by the issue. The format is that of discussion of a series of pre-formulated questions that were discussed by all those present. We begin by discussing the concept of the elderly, the reasons for their predisposition to infection, the most frequent infections and their causes, and the workload and economic burden they place on society. We also considered whether we had the data to estimate the proportion of these infections that could be reduced by specific programmes, including vaccination programmes. In this context, the limited presence of this issue in the media, the position of scientific societies and patient associations on the issue and the ethical aspects raised by all this were discussed. url: https://doi.org/10.37201/req/057.2020 doi: 10.37201/req/057.2020 id: cord-325965-kqbeinez author: Boyce, Matthew R. title: Community Health Workers and Pandemic Preparedness: Current and Prospective Roles date: 2019-03-26 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Despite the importance of community health workers (CHWs) to health systems in resource-constrained environments, relatively little has been written about their contributions to pandemic preparedness. In this perspective piece, we draw from the response to the 2014 Ebola and 2015 Zika epidemics to review examples whereby CHWs contributed to health security and pandemic preparedness. CHWs promoted pandemic preparedness prior to the epidemics by increasing the access to health services and products within communities, communicating health concepts in a culturally appropriate fashion, and reducing the burdens felt by formal healthcare systems. During the epidemics, CHWs promoted pandemic preparedness by acting as community-level educators and mobilizers, contributing to surveillance systems, and filling health service gaps. Acknowledging the success CHWs have had in these roles and in previous interventions, we propose that the cadre may be better engaged in pandemic preparedness in the future. Some practical strategies for achieving this include training and using CHWs to communicate One Health information to at-risk communities prior to outbreaks, pooling them into a reserve health corps to be used during public health emergencies, and formalizing agreements and strategies to promote the early engagement of CHWs in response actions. Recognizing that CHWs already play a role in pandemic preparedness, we feel that expanding the roles and responsibilities of CHWs represents a practical means of improving pandemic and community-level resilience. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2019.00062 doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00062 id: cord-031508-1l9dxc16 author: Bradbury, Sarah title: Mind over matter date: 2020-09-07 words: 1488.0 sentences: 88.0 pages: flesch: 67.0 cache: ./cache/cord-031508-1l9dxc16.txt txt: ./txt/cord-031508-1l9dxc16.txt summary: For some people the isolation of feeling confined to their home had a severe impact on their mental health -too much worry, stress or even boredom can have an effect, and if not recognised and dealt with, could see you suffering way beyond the time a vaccine is found for COVID-19. 8, 10 She was also the lead in a BDA event in February this year, that gathered key stakeholders in UK dentistry to see how they could collaborate on improving the services and support for the mental health and wellbeing of dentists, as it has always been an important consideration, even before the pandemic hit. Bear in mind that the GDC does expect dental professionals to look after their own health in the interests of providing safe care for patients. News release: Depression and anxiety spiked after lockdown announcement, coronavirus mental health study shows abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7475282/ doi: 10.1038/s41404-020-0506-5 id: cord-020544-kc52thr8 author: Bradt, David A. title: Technical Annexes date: 2019-12-03 words: 6170.0 sentences: 471.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-020544-kc52thr8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-020544-kc52thr8.txt summary: However, if Dukoral is readily available and staff are properly trained in its use according to the guidelines that come with the vaccine, the COTS program PERMITS Dukoral''s use (ideally before an outbreak) in the following high-risk populations: refugee populations in which cholera is present, health care workers managing cholera cases, and communities in which the incidence rate is greater than 1 in 1000 annually." [2] Epidemiological Surveillance (specific to cholera) abstract: 7.1 Humanitarian Programs 141; 7.2 Security Sector 153; 7.3 Health Sector 158: Core Disciplines in Disaster Health 161. Primary Health Care Programs 162. Disease Prevention 162. Clinical Facilities 164. Reproductive Health 165. Water and Sanitation 166. Food and Nutrition 171. Chemical Weapons 181. Epi Methods 184; 7.4 Tropical Medicine 187: Tropical Infectious Diseases—Vector-borne and Zoonotic 196. Tropical Infectious Diseases—Non-vector-borne 215; 7.5 Epidemic Preparedness and Response 239; 7.6 Communicable Disease Control 242: Diarrhea 244. Influenza 257. Malaria 263. Measles 267. Meningitis 269. Viral Hemorrhagic Fever 272; 7.7 Diagnostic Laboratory 275: Indications, Laboratory Tests, and Expected Availability 276. Specimen Handling 278; 7.8 Acronyms 282; url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7138430/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-04801-3_7 id: cord-311448-t17g47dj author: Brian, Zachary title: Oral Health and COVID-19: Increasing the Need for Prevention and Access date: 2020-08-13 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Populations disproportionately affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are also at higher risk for oral diseases and experience oral health and oral health care disparities at higher rates. COVID-19 has led to closure and reduced hours of dental practices except for emergency and urgent services, limiting routine care and prevention. Dental care includes aerosol-generating procedures that can increase viral transmission. The pandemic offers an opportunity for the dental profession to shift more toward nonaerosolizing, prevention-centric approaches to care and away from surgical interventions. Regulatory barrier changes to oral health care access during the pandemic could have a favorable impact if sustained into the future. url: https://doi.org/10.5888/pcd17.200266 doi: 10.5888/pcd17.200266 id: cord-281534-dvdx7ggv author: Briggs, Andrew M. title: Global health policy in the 21st century: Challenges and opportunities to arrest the global disability burden from musculoskeletal health conditions date: 2020-07-23 words: 10853.0 sentences: 483.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281534-dvdx7ggv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281534-dvdx7ggv.txt summary: With this background, what are the challenges and opportunities available to influence global health policy to support high-value care for musculoskeletal health conditions and persistent pain? Further, it is important, where feasible, to work towards achieving a This paper highlights why we need to address health policy to ensure that all health systems are fit for the purpose of providing high-value care for MSK conditions and it covers health promotion, prevention, management, rehabilitation and palliation. Examples of other relevant global initiatives supporting system reform for NCDs and ageing include the WHO Integrated Care for Older People (ICOPE) approach as a component of the Global Strategy and Action Plan on Ageing and Health [79] , the WHO Rehabilitation 2030 agenda [80] and WHO Best Buys'' for NCD prevention and control [81] . abstract: The profound burden of disease associated with musculoskeletal health conditions is well established. Despite the unequivocal disability burden and personal and societal consequences, relative to other non-communicable diseases (NCDs), system-level responses for musculoskeletal conditions that are commensurate with their burden have been lacking nationally and globally. Health policy priorities and responses in the 21st century have evolved significantly from the 20th century, with health systems now challenged by an increasing prevalence and impact of NCDs and an unprecedented rate of global population ageing. Further, health policy priorities are now strongly aligned to the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. With this background, what are the challenges and opportunities available to influence global health policy to support high-value care for musculoskeletal health conditions and persistent pain? This paper explores these issues by considering the current global health policy landscape, the role of global health networks, and progress and opportunities since the 2000–2010 Bone and Joint Decade for health policy to support improved musculoskeletal health and high-value musculoskeletal health care. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1521694220300668 doi: 10.1016/j.berh.2020.101549 id: cord-259624-alor7ymh author: Brooks, Bryan W. title: Toxicology Advances for 21st Century Chemical Pollution date: 2020-04-24 words: 3112.0 sentences: 141.0 pages: flesch: 23.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259624-alor7ymh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259624-alor7ymh.txt summary: Fortunately, advances in comparative and predictive toxicologyincluding research and regulatory shifts toward in vitro and in silico approaches and the increasing use of alternative animal models (e.g., zebrafish embryos)are helping to address the ethical, economic, and time constraints of traditional toxicology while also advancing mechanistic understanding. In addition, these and other toxicology advances are being leveraged for prospective evaluations of diverse substances-including ingredients in consumer products, industrial chemicals, and pesticides-for human and ecological hazards and during retrospective assessments (e.g., effectdirected analysis) for the identification of pollutants and other stressors in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. 15 When AOPs are conserved across species, comparative and predictive toxicology efforts promise to further develop coupled ecological and human health hazard and risk assessments. Advances in comparative and predictive toxicology are providing mechanistic insights and tools for designing less hazardous chemicals before they enter commerce, identifying problematic substances currently in production, and diagnosing causes of chemical pollution. abstract: Pollution represents a leading threat to global health and ecosystems. Systems-based initiatives, including Planetary Health, EcoHealth, and One Health, require theoretical and translational platforms to address chemical pollution. Comparative and predictive toxicology are providing integrative approaches for identifying problematic contaminants, designing less hazardous alternatives, and reducing the impacts of chemical pollution. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2590332220301585 doi: 10.1016/j.oneear.2020.04.007 id: cord-300965-ivczo1a7 author: Brown, M. M. title: Don’t be the “Fifth Guy”: Risk, Responsibility, and the Rhetoric of Handwashing Campaigns date: 2017-08-29 words: 7428.0 sentences: 378.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300965-ivczo1a7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300965-ivczo1a7.txt summary: Some scholars—for example, Peterson and Lupton (1996)—term this model the "new public health." In this essay, I describe how the focus on personal responsibility for infection risk shapes the promotion of hand hygiene and other forms of illness etiquette. Personal responsibility may be a cornerstone of public health, but hand hygiene promotion is an especially persuasive vehicle for popularizing an individualistic conception of infection risk. Even in developed countries, where the assumption of personal responsibility is less likely to be impeded by structural issues, hand hygiene promotion may nevertheless skew perceptions of contextual or social determinants of infection risk. Created by the Florida Department of Health in response to H1N1, the BFifth Guy^campaign illustrates the use of a constitutive, stigmatizing rhetoric to endorse the assumption of personal responsibility for infection risk. abstract: In recent years, outbreaks such as H1N1 have prompted heightened efforts to manage the risk of infection. These efforts often involve the endorsement of personal responsibility for infection risk, thus reinforcing an individualistic model of public health. Some scholars—for example, Peterson and Lupton (1996)—term this model the “new public health.” In this essay, I describe how the focus on personal responsibility for infection risk shapes the promotion of hand hygiene and other forms of illness etiquette. My analysis underscores the use of constitutive and stigmatizing rhetoric to depict individual bodies, rather than environments, as prime sources of infection. Common among workplaces, this rhetoric provides the impetus for encouraging individual behavior change as a hedge against infection risk. I argue, though, that the mandating of personal responsibility for infection risk galvanizes a culture of stigma and blame that may work against the aims of public health. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10912-017-9470-4 doi: 10.1007/s10912-017-9470-4 id: cord-288068-egq3d0i9 author: Brown, Teneille R title: When The Wrong People Are Immune date: 2020-05-08 words: 4509.0 sentences: 238.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288068-egq3d0i9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288068-egq3d0i9.txt summary: Recognizing that the potential for liability might cause undue psychological stress on health care providers, this essay argues for statutory immunity that protects them from rationing and other health care decisions that are made in good faith, and that are in compliance with documented state, institutional, or professional pandemic-response guidelines. 50 Even when they work for a state hospital, nurses and physicians are typically not protected under the state''s governmental immunity, as they -exercised medical judgment, regardless of whether it related to policy decision.‖ 51 As parties will be looking for someone to hold accountable for the terrible outcomes 58 Other protocols prioritize short-term clinical factors, but then suggest using life-cycle considerations as a tiebreaker, with priority going to younger patients. This article advocates for removing the possibility of a medical malpractice claim for individual physicians and independent health care providers, when they are complying with published state, professional, or institutional COVID-19 policies in good faith. abstract: After a disaster such as the COVID-19 pandemic, there will be an irresistible desire to blame others. Despite documented failures in the federal government’s response to the pandemic, injured individuals will not be able to hold it accountable due to the broad application of governmental immunity. Congress and state governments have provided targeted immunity to various device manufacturers and emergency volunteers. However, the one group with huge targets on their backs are individual physicians, who are often making impossible choices that are reasonable at the time, but might not appear reasonable to a jury after the fact, and with the bias of hindsight. Recognizing that the potential for liability might cause undue psychological stress on health care providers, this essay argues for statutory immunity that protects them from rationing and other health care decisions that are made in good faith, and that are in compliance with documented state, institutional, or professional pandemic-response guidelines. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/jlb/lsaa018 doi: 10.1093/jlb/lsaa018 id: cord-321749-mf821b1p author: Buckley, Ralf title: Mental health rescue effects of women's outdoor tourism: A role in COVID-19 recovery date: 2020-10-20 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Mental and social health outcomes from a portfolio of women's outdoor tourism products, with ~100,000 clients, are analysed using a catalysed netnography of >1000 social media posts. Entirely novel outcomes include: psychological rescue; recognition of a previously missing life component, and flow-on effects to family members. Outcomes reported previously for extreme sports, but not previously for hiking in nature, include psychological transformation. Outcomes also identified previously include: happiness, gratitude, relaxation, clarity and insights, nature appreciation, challenge and capability, and companionship and community effects. Commercial outdoor tourism enterprises can contribute powerfully to the wellbeing of women and families. This will be especially valuable for mental health recovery, following deterioration during COVID-19 coronavirus lockdowns worldwide. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2020.103041 doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2020.103041 id: cord-321411-ybgby2v7 author: Burdick, William title: Ensuring quality of health workforce education and practice: strengthening roles of accreditation and regulatory systems date: 2020-10-20 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Regulation of the health workforce and accreditation of educational institutions are intended to protect the public interest, but evidence of the impact of these policies is scarce and occasionally contradictory. The body of research that does exist primarily focuses on policies in the global north and on the major health professions. Stress on accreditation and regulatory systems caused by surges in demand due to the COVID-19 pandemic, privatization of education, rising patient expectations, and emergence of new health worker categories has created urgency for innovation and reform. To understand and evaluate this innovation, we look forward to receiving manuscripts which contribute to the evidence base on the implementation, management, and impact of health worker education and practice regulation, including the intersection of education accreditation and workforce regulation policy. We particularly look forward to manuscripts from underrepresented parts of the globe and underrepresented health workforce sectors that address policy effectiveness, explore different models of regulation, and present innovations that we can all learn from. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-020-00517-4 doi: 10.1186/s12960-020-00517-4 id: cord-260565-cdthfl5f author: Burkle, Frederick M. title: Declining Public Health Protections within Autocratic Regimes: Impact on Global Public Health Security, Infectious Disease Outbreaks, Epidemics, and Pandemics date: 2020-04-02 words: 8816.0 sentences: 516.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-260565-cdthfl5f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260565-cdthfl5f.txt summary: While China is seeking to adhere as much as possible to the underlying norms and rules of global institutions," reemphasizing that China after SARS "perhaps [needs] to reframe health as a global public good that is available to each and every individual of the world, rather than merely as an issue of concern to nation-states." 37 In a rare openness, rarely seen before, the normally secretive Xi admitted at a meeting to coordinate the fight against the virus that China must learn from "obvious shortcomings exposed during its response." Yet given the second-guessing that always surfaces in these tragedies, "it cannot be denied that the Chinese government tried to control the narrative, another sign of irrational hubris, and as a result, the contagion was allowed to spread, contributing to equally irrational fear." A China researcher for Human Rights Watch (New York USA) noted: "authorities are as equally, if not more, concerned with silencing criticism as with containing the spread of the coronavirus. abstract: Public health emergencies of international concern, in the form of infectious disease outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics, represent an increasing risk to the worldʼs population. Management requires coordinated responses, across many disciplines and nations, and the capacity to muster proper national and global public health education, infrastructure, and prevention measures. Unfortunately, increasing numbers of nations are ruled by autocratic regimes which have characteristically failed to adopt investments in public health infrastructure, education, and prevention measures to keep pace with population growth and density. Autocratic leaders have a direct impact on health security, a direct negative impact on health, and create adverse political and economic conditions that only complicate the crisis further. This is most evident in autocratic regimes where health protections have been seriously and purposely curtailed. All autocratic regimes define public health along economic and political imperatives that are similar across borders and cultures. Autocratic regimes are seriously handicapped by sociopathic narcissistic leaders who are incapable of understanding the health consequences of infectious diseases or the impact on their population. A cross section of autocratic nations currently experiencing the impact of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) are reviewed to demonstrate the manner where self-serving regimes fail to manage health crises and place the rest of the world at increasing risk. It is time to re-address the pre-SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) global agendas calling for stronger strategic capacity, legal authority, support, and institutional status under World Health Organization (WHO) leadership granted by an International Health Regulations Treaty. Treaties remain the most successful means the world has in preventing, preparing for, and controlling epidemics in an increasingly globalized world. “Honesty is worth a lot more than hope…” The Economist, February 17, 2020. url: https://doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x20000424 doi: 10.1017/s1049023x20000424 id: cord-309118-810fmd8e author: Burkle, Frederick M. title: Political Intrusions into the International Health Regulations Treaty and Its Impact on Management of Rapidly Emerging Zoonotic Pandemics: What History Tells Us date: 2020-04-13 words: 3812.0 sentences: 211.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309118-810fmd8e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309118-810fmd8e.txt summary: For a large number of health care providers world-wide, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is their first experience in population-based care. Gostin and Katz described wide-spread noncompliance to the IHR detailing multiple needed textual and operational reforms, emphasizing that WHO and the IHR "erred at multiple levels during the Ebola epidemic" and WHO failed "to mobilize adequate fiscal and human resources until the epidemic was spinning out of control." 3 In 2015, after the Ebola epidemic, I wrote "the intent of the legally binding Treaty to improve the capacity of all countries to detect, assess, notify, and respond to public health threats has shamefully lapsed," 4 and that global health security demanded both a stronger WHO and a stronger IHR treaty. The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) pandemic experience leads to only one solution: the WHO must be restructured from top to bottom to remove individual countries from health and public health assessment, decisions, and management. abstract: For a large number of health care providers world-wide, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is their first experience in population-based care. In past decades, lower population densities, infectious disease outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics were rare and driven almost exclusively by natural disasters, predatory animals, and war. In the early 1900s, Sir William Osler first advanced the knowledge of zoonotic diseases that are spread from reservoir animals to human animals. Once rare, they now make up 71% or more of new diseases. Globally, zoonotic spread occurs for many reasons. Because the human population has grown in numbers and density, the spread of these diseases accelerated though rapid unsustainable urbanization, biodiversity loss, and climate change. Furthermore, they are exacerbated by an increasing number of vulnerable populations suffering from chronic deficiencies in food, water, and energy. The World Health Organization (WHO) and its International Health Regulation (IHR) Treaty, organized to manage population-based diseases such as Influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), H1N1, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), HIV, and Ebola, have failed to meet population-based expectations. In part, this is due to influence from powerful political donors, which has become most evident in the current COVID-19 pandemic. The global community can no longer tolerate an ineffectual and passive international response system, nor tolerate the self-serving political interference that authoritarian regimes and others have exercised over the WHO. In a highly integrated globalized world, both the WHO with its IHR Treaty have the potential to become one of the most effective mechanisms for crisis response and risk reduction world-wide. Practitioners and health decision-makers must break their silence and advocate for a stronger treaty, a return of the WHO’s singular global authority, and support highly coordinated population-based management. As Osler recognized, his concept of “one medicine, one health” defines what global public health is today. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32279686/ doi: 10.1017/s1049023x20000515 id: cord-005080-r01ii1bu author: Butler, Colin D. title: Human Health, Well-Being, and Global Ecological Scenarios date: 2005-02-22 words: 5041.0 sentences: 255.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-005080-r01ii1bu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-005080-r01ii1bu.txt summary: This article categorizes four kinds of adverse effects to human health caused by ecosystem change: direct, mediated, modulated, and systems failure. For example, O''Reilly and others (2003) concludes, in discussing the potential for further reduction in the ecosystem provisioning service of Lake Tanganyika, that ''''the human implications of such subtle, but progressive, environmental changes are potentially dire in this densely populated region of the world, where large lakes are essential natural resources for regional economies.'''' Ecosystem services as a significant element in state failure may be underrecognized due to our tendency to discount the future possibility of thresholds or emergence. We have explored how ecosystem services impact human health and have proposed that adverse ecological changes can interact and feedback with dysfunctional social responses, leading to the development of states that we have termed mediated and systems failure. abstract: This article categorizes four kinds of adverse effects to human health caused by ecosystem change: direct, mediated, modulated, and systems failure. The effects are categorized on their scale, complexity, and lag-time. Some but not all of these can be classified as resulting from reduced ecosystem services. The articles also explores the impacts that different socioeconomic–ecologic scenarios are likely to have on human health and how changes to human health may, in turn, influence the unfolding of four different plausible future scenarios. We provide examples to show that our categorization is a useful taxonomy for understanding the complex relationships between ecosystems and human well-being and for predicting how future ecosystem changes may affect human health. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7088287/ doi: 10.1007/s10021-004-0076-0 id: cord-291909-x0sfwqnk author: Butler, Colin D. title: Environmental Health, Planetary Boundaries and Limits to Growth date: 2019-09-12 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Published almost 50 years ago, the Limits to Growth remains relevant to contemporary environmental health, though, paradoxically, this relevance is scarcely recognized. The seminal ideas it presented provide a useful background, as do the later Planetary Boundaries analyses, with which to consider key issues in contemporary environmental health. To be more than reactive, it is necessary to understand the complexity and interactions of integrated environmental health risks, including the possibility of significant global population decline within the current century. This contribution provides an overview to the Limits to Growth, linking it especially to the “planetary boundaries” of climate change, biodiversity loss and novel entities (including artificial substances and genetically modified organisms). The gradual increase in the amount of primary energy required to generate useable energy is also argued to be an under-recognized contributing factor to the decline in real wages growth for much of the world’s population since then, although this aspect may be improving. These elements have positive and negative health effects, which we discuss. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124095489106517 doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-409548-9.10651-7 id: cord-305660-kvxa6lq0 author: Byock, Ira title: Heroism and Hypocrisy: Seeing Our Reflection with 2020 Vision date: 2020-11-01 words: 1548.0 sentences: 110.0 pages: flesch: 63.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305660-kvxa6lq0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305660-kvxa6lq0.txt summary: In the ''''no margin, no mission'''' mindset of America''s health care culture, leaders believe they cannot afford to pay a living wage to all employees, that doing so would decrease their company''s EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization), damage stock prices and risk lowering their bond ratings. Boards of directors of health care companies, including both for-profit and not-for-profit entities, must require that all workers are paid a living wage and treated fairly, regardless of the opinion of the market or bond rating agencies. Each company''s diversity, equity, and inclusion policy should mandate transparent public reporting of direct care workers'' median wages, benefits, and annual turnover rates, along with the proportion of part-time to full-time employees. There is an H word for health care company leaders who call their frontline caregivers heroes, while neglecting to protect their health or pay them a living wage: Hypocrites. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32996822/ doi: 10.1089/jpm.2020.0569 id: cord-276934-6t91ao8e author: Byrne, Peter title: Placing poverty-inequality at the centre of psychiatry date: 2020-10-17 words: 2232.0 sentences: 108.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276934-6t91ao8e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276934-6t91ao8e.txt summary: We examine epidemiological evidence for the central role of inequalities (principally economic) in driving the onset of mental disorders, physical ill health and premature mortality. Prevention of mental disorders and adverse outcomes such as premature mortality must begin with efforts to mitigate rising poverty-inequality. Then there is a sixth area, fair access to medical care: current national strategies to improve physical health outcomes in people with SMI and treatment of all mental disorders focus on this. But the antecedents of SMI are complex, and our understanding of why people develop psychosis is changing, building on the seminal work of Jim Van Os on the toxic effects of urbanicity 14 with consistent evidence of the cumulative effects of social disadvantage. 15 Outcomes in adults with first-episode psychosis are complex and improving slowly in our professional lifetimes (with adequately resourced early intervention services); even at 5-year follow-up, Mattsson et al 16 showed financial strain and social networks to be strong, independent predictors of outcomes. abstract: We examine epidemiological evidence for the central role of inequalities (principally economic) in driving the onset of mental disorders, physical ill health and premature mortality. We locate the search for solutions in current UK contexts, and include known and likely effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Prevention of mental disorders and adverse outcomes such as premature mortality must begin with efforts to mitigate rising poverty-inequality. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32981561/ doi: 10.1192/bjb.2020.85 id: cord-262428-erlmyzwn author: CABARKAPA, Sonja title: The psychological impact of COVID-19 and other viral epidemics on frontline healthcare workers and ways to address it: A rapid systematic review date: 2020-09-17 words: 5588.0 sentences: 329.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262428-erlmyzwn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262428-erlmyzwn.txt summary: The search strategy included terms for HCWs (e.g., nurse and doctor), mental health (e.g., wellbeing and psychological), and viral outbreaks (e.g., epidemic and pandemic). In terms of mental health impact of epidemics, HCWs represent a particularly vulnerable group due to the high risk of infection, increased work stress and fear of spreading to their families. The following search terms were used: ''health worker'', ''health care worker'', ''medical'', ''doctor'', ''nursing'', ''nurse'', ''allied health'', ''pandemic'', ''outbreak'', ''mental health'', ''mental illness'', ''psychiatric'', ''psychological'', ''coping'', ''psychosocial'', ''COVID-19'', ''coronavirus'', ''SARS'', ''MERS'' and ''Ebola''. 36, 51 At the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, a Wuhan study 28 found that 34.4% (342 of 994) of medical and nursing staff had mild mental health disturbances while 6.2% (62) had severe disturbances, while in another study 24 of 1,521 Chinese HCWs 14.1% had psychological abnormalities. Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak: A cross-sectional study. abstract: BACKGROUND: As the world is battling the COVID-19 pandemic, frontline health care workers (HCWs) are among the most vulnerable groups at risk of mental health problems. The many risks to the wellbeing of HCWs are not well understood. Of the literature, there is a paucity of information around how to best prevent psychological distress, and what steps are needed to mitigate harm to HCWs’ wellbeing. METHODS: A systematic review using PRISMA methodology was used to investigate the psychological impact on HCWs facing epidemics or pandemics, using three electronic databases (PubMed, MEDLINE and CINAHL), dating back to 2002 until the 21st of August 2020. The search strategy included terms for HCWs (e.g., nurse and doctor), mental health (e.g., wellbeing and psychological), and viral outbreaks (e.g., epidemic and pandemic). Only studies with greater than 100 frontline HCWs (i.e. doctors or nurses in close proximity to infected patients) were included. RESULTS: A total of 55 studies were included, with 53 using quantitative methodology and 2 were qualitative. 50 of the quantitative studies used validated measurement tools while 5 used novel questionnaires. The studies were conducted across various countries and included people with SARS (13 studies), Ebola (1), MERS (3) and COVID-19 (38). Findings suggest that the psychological implications to HCWs are variable with several studies demonstrating an increased risk of acquiring a trauma or stress-related disorders, depression and anxiety. Fear of the unknown or becoming infected were at the forefront of the mental challenges faced. Being a nurse and being female appeared to confer greater risk. In past epidemics, the perceived stigma from family members and society heightened negative implications; predominantly stress and isolation. Coping strategies varied amongst the contrasting sociocultural settings and appeared to differ amongst doctors, nurses and other HCWs. Implemented changes, and suggestions for prevention in the future consistently highlighted the need for greater psychosocial support and clearer dissemination of disease-related information. CONCLUSION: This review can inform current and future research priorities in the maintenance of wellbeing amongst frontline HCWs. Change needs to start at the level of policy-makers to offer an enhanced variety of supports to HCWs who play a critical role during largescale disease outbreaks. Psychological implications are largely negative and require greater attention to be mitigated, potentially through the involvement of psychologists, raised awareness and better education. The current knowledge of therapeutic interventions suggests they could be beneficial but more long-term follow-up is needed. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666354620301095?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100144 id: cord-334925-csy5fekx author: COHEN, ALAN B. title: Living in a Covid‐19 World date: 2020-06-16 words: 2359.0 sentences: 103.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334925-csy5fekx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334925-csy5fekx.txt summary: In two complementary Milbank Quarterly Perspectives, Nason Maani and Sandro Galea explore the long-term negative effects of the United States'' failure to invest in the nation''s infrastructure to address both population health and public health. In "COVID-19 and Underinvestment in the Health of the US Population," they identify the underlying conditions of the US population that have made Americans particularly susceptible to the spread of the virus, including inequitable socioeconomic conditions, long-entrenched racial and ethnic divides, poor treatment of marginalized populations, and a mismatch between health care needs and access to care. In a new Milbank Quarterly Perspective, Tsung-Mei Cheng draws upon the work of her late husband and health policy collaborator, Uwe Reinhardt, with particular attention to possible lessons for the United States from Germany''s all-payer health care system. The authors identify multiple measures of context (factors to support effective academic-community collaboration), process (measures of group dynamics and trust), and outcomes (impacts such as benefits and challenges of CEnR participation). abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32542882/ doi: 10.1111/1468-0009.12466 id: cord-284573-w0sk622m author: Caduff, Carlo title: What Went Wrong: Corona and the World after the Full Stop date: 2020-07-21 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: This article examines the global response to the Covid‐19 pandemic. It argues that we urgently need to look beyond the virus if we want to understand the real seriousness of what is happening today. How did we end up in a space of thinking, acting, and feeling that has normalized extremes and is based on the assumption that biological life is an absolute value separate from politics? The author suggests that today's fear is fueled by mathematical disease modeling, neoliberal health policies, nervous media reporting, and authoritarian longings. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32692890/ doi: 10.1111/maq.12599 id: cord-251970-r5cbuvcw author: Cai, Wenpeng title: A cross-sectional study on mental health among health care workers during the outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019 date: 2020-04-24 words: 2490.0 sentences: 123.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-251970-r5cbuvcw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-251970-r5cbuvcw.txt summary: This study is to investigate the psychological abnormality in health care workers battling the COVID-19 epidemic and to explore the associations among social support, resilience and mental health. A total of 1521 health care workers, of whom 147 had public health emergency experience while 1374 showed no experience, completed the Symptom Check-List-90 (SCL-90), Chinese version of Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC) and Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS). The results showed that people without public health emergency treatment experience showed worse performance in mental health, resilience and social support, and tended to suffer from psychological abnormality on interpersonal sensitivity and photic anxiety. The current study further revealed that people without public health emergency experience showed worse mental health, resilience and social support, and tended to get psychological abnormality on interpersonal sensitivity and photic anxiety. On the basis of our findings, health care workers without public health emergency experience showed worse performance in mental health, resilience and social support, and tended to get psychological abnormality on interpersonal sensitivity and photic anxiety. abstract: The spread of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global major public health event, threatening people's physical and mental health and even life safety. This study is to investigate the psychological abnormality in health care workers battling the COVID-19 epidemic and to explore the associations among social support, resilience and mental health. A total of 1521 health care workers, of whom 147 had public health emergency experience while 1374 showed no experience, completed the Symptom Check-List-90 (SCL-90), Chinese version of Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC) and Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS). χ(2) test, t test and multiple regression analyses were used in statistical analysis. The results showed that people without public health emergency treatment experience showed worse performance in mental health, resilience and social support, and tended to suffer from psychological abnormality on interpersonal sensitivity and photic anxiety. This finding suggested that high levels of training and professional experience, resilience and social support were necessary to health care workers who are first taking part in public health emergence. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1876201820302227 doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102111 id: cord-286361-wh6aaqlu author: Calman, K. title: Beyond the ‘nanny state’: Stewardship and public health date: 2009-01-09 words: 4350.0 sentences: 217.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286361-wh6aaqlu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286361-wh6aaqlu.txt summary: Hence, although Mill''s discussion of the harm principle shows that he would strongly oppose public health programmes which simply aim to coerce people to lead healthy lives, he is likely to support programmes which seek to ''advise, instruct and persuade'' them so that they can make informed decisions about, for example, what to eat, how to exercise and so on. Building on the harm principle, the Council identified several further issues that are important to public health: individual consent, health inequalities, changing behaviour and community. The Council concluded that vaccination policies that go further than simply providing information and encouragement to take up the vaccine may be justified if they help reduce harm to others, and/or protect children and other vulnerable people. abstract: BACKGROUND: Some public health measures restrict personal freedom more than others, and deciding what type of measure will be appropriate and effective has long been a problem for policy makers. Existing bioethical frameworks are often not well suited to address the problems of public health. METHODS: The Nuffield Council on Bioethics set up an expert working party to examine the ethical issues surrounding public health in January 2006. Following evidence gathering and a public consultation exercise, the Council published its conclusions and recommendations in the report ‘Public health: ethical issues’ in November 2007. RESULTS: A spectrum of views exists on the relationship between the state's authority and the individual. The Council set out a proposal to capture the best of the libertarian and paternalistic approaches, in what it calls the ‘stewardship model’. This model suggests guiding principles for making decisions about public health policies, and highlights some key principles including Mill's harm principle, caring for the vulnerable, autonomy and consent. An ‘intervention ladder’ is also proposed, which provides a way of thinking about the acceptability of different public health measures. The report then applies these principles to a number of case studies: infectious diseases, obesity, alcohol and tobacco, and fluoridation of water supplies. CONCLUSIONS: The idea of a ‘nanny state’ is often rejected, but the state has a duty to look after the health of everyone, and sometimes that means guiding or restricting people's choices. On the other hand, the state must consider a number of principles when designing public health programmes, and justification is required if any of these principles are to be infringed. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0033350608003168 doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2008.10.025 id: cord-295954-cw5n1tm4 author: Campbell, Kendall M. title: Institutional and Faculty Partnerships to Promote Learner Preparedness for Health Professions Education date: 2020-10-13 words: 4664.0 sentences: 203.0 pages: flesch: 31.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295954-cw5n1tm4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295954-cw5n1tm4.txt summary: In 2018, a group of academic medicine leaders convened the Innovators, Collaborators, and Leaders conference with faculty at institutions across the state of North Carolina to discuss ways to improve learner preparedness for health professions education and increase numbers of underrepresented students pursuing health careers. The ICL conference was funded by an endowment grant and was designed to bring together faculty at HBCUs, a NASI, and PWIs within the state of North Carolina to (1) discuss the preparation of pre-health majors for health professions education across the state, (2) build camaraderie through candid discussions addressing the effects of historical inequities while highlighting the unique contributions of each institution towards building the health care pathway for URMs, (3) provide meaningful professional development activities for faculty participants, and (4) develop a strategy for North Carolina HBCUs, NASI, and PWIs to work collectively to increase the number of URM students entering health professions and graduate programs. abstract: By the year 2060, it is projected that 57% of the US population will be members of minority groups, with no one group being the majority. While there is increasing diversity of the population, there remain significant disparities in morbidity and mortality affecting minority groups, and persistent low numbers of underrepresented students in the health professions. Increasing the numbers of underrepresented minority students in health care and decreasing the disparity gap have been a priority for many institutions. Increasing diversity requires an approach that not only involves health professions schools but also involves undergraduate institutions, faculty, and other professionals who provide pre-health training to students. In 2018, a group of academic medicine leaders convened the Innovators, Collaborators, and Leaders conference with faculty at institutions across the state of North Carolina to discuss ways to improve learner preparedness for health professions education and increase numbers of underrepresented students pursuing health careers. In this manuscript, the authors share results from the conference and how institutional and faculty partnerships can promote learner preparedness for health professions education. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33051747/ doi: 10.1007/s40615-020-00893-6 id: cord-299315-s43gw24k author: Capps, Benjamin title: One Health, Vaccines and Ebola: The Opportunities for Shared Benefits date: 2015-09-16 words: 10082.0 sentences: 485.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299315-s43gw24k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299315-s43gw24k.txt summary: In this paper we propose One Health as a strategy to prevent zoonotic outbreaks as a shared goal: that human and Great Ape vaccine trials could benefit both species. Sure, while OH in this sense creates the grounds for humans to express compassion towards animals and ecosystems and to engage in novel approaches to health problems, overall it often achieves the same goals of prevention and response so far already installed in public health; so OH, in this sense, adds nothing to the ethical debate except by broadening the factors considered in any human cost-benefit analysis. Our proposal is for direct action to administer vaccinations to humans through public health and research paradigms, and additionally to animals to stave off future outbreaks in both populations. Such an approach, aimed at vaccinating animals in the first instance, would be preventative rather than reactive to an outbreak in human populations, by protecting across species and thereby creating a potential barrier to future occurrences of Ebola in the fauna. abstract: The 2013 Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa, as of writing, is declining in reported human cases and mortalities. The resulting devastation caused highlights how health systems, in particular in West Africa, and in terms of global pandemic planning, are ill prepared to react to zoonotic pathogens. In this paper we propose One Health as a strategy to prevent zoonotic outbreaks as a shared goal: that human and Great Ape vaccine trials could benefit both species. Only recently have two phase 2/3 Ebola human vaccine trials been started in West Africa. This paper argues for a conceptual change in pandemic preparedness. We first discuss the ethics of One Health. Next, we focus on the current Ebola outbreak and defines its victims. Third, we present the notion of a ‘shared benefit’ approach, grounded in One Health, and argue for the vaccination of wild apes in order to protect both apes and humans. We believe that a creation of such inter-species immunity is an exemplar of One Health, and that it is worth pursuing as a coextensive public health approach. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32214867/ doi: 10.1007/s10806-015-9574-7 id: cord-269467-8opv4t7p author: Caraccio, Chiara title: No protocol and no liability: a call for COVID crisis guidelines that protect vulnerable populations date: 2020-07-24 words: 3320.0 sentences: 168.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269467-8opv4t7p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269467-8opv4t7p.txt summary: The mortality rates of vulnerable and minority populations alone suggest a need to re-evaluate clinical decision making protocols, especially given the recently passed Emergency or Disaster Treatment Protection Act, which grants healthcare institutions full immunity from liability stemming from resource allocation/triage decisions. Disability Rights New York, an advocacy group for persons with disabilities in New York State, has previously filed a complaint against the New York Department of Health for its 2015 ventilator triage policy, which failed to specify that allocation decisions ought exclude disability. The Act grants healthcare workers, including physicians, administrators and hospital managers, immunity from criminal and civil liability for harms and damages resulting from the COVID-19 crisis. Crisis standards of patient care guidance with an emphasis on pandemic influenza: triage and ventilator allocation guideline Crisis standards of care: guidance for the ethical allocation of scarce resources during a community-wide public health emergency abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic is revealing the unacceptable health disparities across New York City and in this country. The mortality rates of vulnerable and minority populations alone suggest a need to re-evaluate clinical decision making protocols, especially given the recently passed Emergency or Disaster Treatment Protection Act, which grants healthcare institutions full immunity from liability stemming from resource allocation/triage decisions. Here we examine the disparity literature against resource allocation guidelines, contending that these guidelines may propagate allocation of resources along ableist, ageist and racial biases. Finally, we make the claim that the state must successfully develop ones that ensure the just treatment of our most vulnerable. url: https://doi.org/10.2217/cer-2020-0090 doi: 10.2217/cer-2020-0090 id: cord-306671-stc3pbj8 author: Cardona, Carol title: Advancing One Health Policy and Implementation Through the Concept of One Medicine One Science date: 2015-09-01 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Numerous interspecies disease transmission events, Ebola virus being a recent and cogent example, highlight the complex interactions between human, animal, and environmental health and the importance of addressing medicine and health in a comprehensive scientific manner. The diversity of information gained from the natural, social, behavioral, and systems sciences is critical to developing and sustainably promoting integrated health approaches that can be implemented at the local, national, and international levels to meet grand challenges. The Concept of One Medicine One Science (COMOS) as outlined herein describes the interplay between scientific knowledge that underpins health and medicine and efforts toward stabilizing local systems using 2 linked case studies: the food system and emerging infectious disease. Forums such as the International Conference of One Medicine One Science (iCOMOS), where science and policy can be debated together, missing pieces identified, and science-based collaborations formed among industry, governmental, and nongovernmental policy makers and funders, is an essential step in addressing global health. The expertise of multiple disciplines and research foci to support policy development is critical to the implementation of one health and the successful achievement of global health security goals. url: https://doi.org/10.7453/gahmj.2015.053 doi: 10.7453/gahmj.2015.053 id: cord-318452-t3aqcvu0 author: Carneiro, Vera Lúcia Alves title: Pos Covid-19 And The Portuguese National Eye Care System Challenge date: 2020-05-11 words: 2776.0 sentences: 153.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318452-t3aqcvu0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318452-t3aqcvu0.txt summary: Abstract The pandemic of the severe acute respiratory syndrome disease caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), had profound impact in many countries and their health care systems. The identified limitations of the human, material and organizational resources of the Portuguese National Health Service (Serviço Nacional de Saúde) 12 and the alarming expectation of an eventual National Health Service over-running by a significant number of infected people, implied the suspension of all elective and non-urgent health activity, namely in the primary care level, scheduled hospital interventions and community care, 11 which adds to the decrease of the urgent and emergent activity care due to the fear of contagion felt by the patients. Providing primary eye care from the perspective of proximity and community would minimize the patient travel and waiting time to access the National Health Service, making it safer, more effective, and more efficient. abstract: Abstract The pandemic of the severe acute respiratory syndrome disease caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), had profound impact in many countries and their health care systems. Regarding Portugal, a suppression strategy with social distancing was adopted, attempting to break the transmission chains, bending the epidemy curve and reducing mortality. These measures seek to prevent an eventual National Health Service over-running, enforcing the suspension of all elective and non-urgent health care. Despite the success in so far, there is a consensus on the need to recover the previous level of health care provision and further enhance it. The Portuguese National Health Service, as a public, universal access, health care system funded by the State proved, in this context, its importance and relevance to the Portuguese population. However, long standing issues, such as the pre pandemic over long waiting lists for hospital ophthalmology attendance, whose determinants are fully identified but still unmet, emerge amplified from this pandemic. The lack of primary eye care in the National Health Service is a significant bottleneck, placing a huge stress on hospital-based care. An exclusive ophthalmologist’s centre care was over-runned before pandemic and will be even more so. The optometrist’s exclusion from differentiated, multisectoral and multidisciplinary eye care teams remains the main hurdle to overcome and insure universal eye care in Portugal. National Health Service highlights the consequences of an overcome model. Universal eye care more than ever demands an evidence-based, integrated approach with primary eye care, in the community, on time and of proximity. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1888429620300492?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.optom.2020.05.001 id: cord-018504-qqsmn72u author: Caron, Rosemary M. title: Public Health Lessons: Practicing and Teaching Public Health date: 2014-09-23 words: 9042.0 sentences: 571.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-018504-qqsmn72u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-018504-qqsmn72u.txt summary: 5. How would you partner with the local health-care system (i.e., community health centers, hospitals, physician practices) to assure that they are following CDC testing guidelines and to assist with consistent outreach and prevention education efforts? Some examples of how public health works to prevent additional illness include identifying close contacts to the infected person and recommending prophylaxis medication to prevent them from becoming ill (antibiotics, antivirals, vaccine, etc.), providing disease prevention recommendations (washing hands, covering cough, etc.), recognizing outbreaks, and identifying and controlling their source (healthcare-associated outbreaks, foodborne outbreaks, etc.). Further investigation by the New Hampshire Department of Health and Human Services (NHDHHS) revealed that the cause of the outbreak was drug diversion ("…the stealing of narcotic pain medication intended for patients for self use"; NHDHHS 2013, p. abstract: The following four cases represent events that actually occurred at the local, statewide, national, and international levels. A general, succinct overview is provided of each case with references listed should the reader want to access additional resource materials. The concise format of these cases is intended to generate questions. Following the general overview of each case, I examine the lessons learned from the practitioner and educator perspective and I list the skills necessary to address the issues in the case. The reader will note that there are skills that are essential for the public health practitioner to master, whether one is in an internship, entry-level position, or the director of a public health organization and so these skills are consistently listed. I encourage the reader to regularly keep abreast of the news locally and abroad and to set aside time before a staff meeting or supervisory group meeting, or use the first few minutes of a class to discuss these issues. Ask your workforce or students, “Are we ready to handle such an event if it were to occur here?”; “What resources would we need to have accessible?”; “Have we partnered with the correct agencies in the community?”; “Do we have an established, trusted presence in the community?”; “Who else do we need on our team?”; “Do we need training in a specialty area, e.g., emergency preparedness?”; “What skills have we mastered and what skills do we need to obtain?” The discussion-based questions are endless but one runs the risk of not being prepared, either individually, or in their agency, should they not discuss how public health events are occurring around us daily. I encourage you to adapt these selected cases to use in your organization and/or classroom. Discussing these issues and reviewing the lessons learned will only help us to be better prepared public health practitioners and educators of public health students. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7123391/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-07290-6_4 id: cord-340222-hdkpzsmm author: Carta, Mauro Giovanni title: The True Challenges of the Covid-19 Epidemics: The Need for Essential Levels of Care for All date: 2020-03-16 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32509035/ doi: 10.2174/1874306402014010008 id: cord-048449-mzn448zk author: Challen, Kirsty title: Clinical review: Mass casualty triage – pandemic influenza and critical care date: 2007-04-30 words: 4256.0 sentences: 202.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-048449-mzn448zk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-048449-mzn448zk.txt summary: Contingency planning should, therefore, be multi-faceted, involving a robust health command structure, the facility to expand critical care provision in terms of space, equipment and staff and cohorting of affected patients in the early stages. Properly constructed plans for the delivery of critical care during an influenza pandemic must include the ability to deal with excessive demand, high and possibly extreme mortality, and the risk to the health of critical care staff. A number of intensive care scoring systems have demonstrated their power in using physiological derangement to predict mortality or higher resource requirements, whatever the presenting diagnosis [45] [46] [47] [48] [49] . Physiological scores have also been demonstrated to be good predictors of requirement for higher level care on hospital wards [50] , in medical assessment units [51, 52] and in the Emergency Department [53] . abstract: Worst case scenarios for pandemic influenza planning in the US involve over 700,000 patients requiring mechanical ventilation. UK planning predicts a 231% occupancy of current level 3 (intensive care unit) bed capacity. Critical care planners need to recognise that mortality is likely to be high and the risk to healthcare workers significant. Contingency planning should, therefore, be multi-faceted, involving a robust health command structure, the facility to expand critical care provision in terms of space, equipment and staff and cohorting of affected patients in the early stages. It should also be recognised that despite this expansion of critical care, demand will exceed supply and a process for triage needs to be developed that is valid, reproducible, transparent and consistent with distributive justice. We advocate the development and validation of physiological scores for use as a triage tool, coupled with candid public discussion of the process. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2206465/ doi: 10.1186/cc5732 id: cord-318701-f9j13fsc author: Chamboredon, P. title: COVID‐19 pandemic in France: health emergency experiences from the field date: 2020-06-22 words: 4674.0 sentences: 224.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318701-f9j13fsc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318701-f9j13fsc.txt summary: On 12 March 2020, when WHO declared the status of a pandemic concerning the novel coronavirus (WHO 2020e), crisis measures were taken by the President of the French Republic (2020a) and his government, to control the epidemic and manage the health situation, namely, the closure of the nurseries, schools and universities for users as of 16 March 2020 ; the introduction of short-time work hours for employees whose companies cannot carry out their activities and of teleworking for all employees who have this possibility of adjusting the exercise of their profession (Ministry of Solidarity & Health 2020c). The health context made it possible to create the first telecare procedure related to the management of patients with COVID-19 by home nurses during the period of the state of health emergency (High Authority of Health 2020; Prime Minister of the French Government 2020c). abstract: AIM: This paper describes the situation regarding COVID‐19 emergency in France as of early May 2020, the main policies to fight this virus, and the roles and responsibilities of nurses regarding their work at this time, as well as the challenges facing the profession. BACKGROUND: Europe continues to be affected by the COVID‐19 pandemic. At the time of writing France was the fourth country with the highest number of detected cases and cumulative deaths. SOURCES OF EVIDENCE: Websites of the World Health Organization, French Government, French Agency of Public Health, French National Council of Nurses and ClinicalTrials.gov database, as well as the experiences of the authors. DISCUSSION: The history of the development of the pandemic in France helps explain the establishment of the state of health emergency and containment of the population. Many decisions made had undesirable repercussions, particularly in terms of intra‐family violence, mental health disorders and the renunciation of care. Hospitals and primary care services, with significant investment by nurses, played a key role in the care of persons with and without COVID‐19. CONCLUSION: France has suffered a very high toll in terms of COVID‐19 morbidity and mortality, and effects on its people, health systems and health professionals, including nurses. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Nurses are recognized for their social usefulness in France. However, it is important to consider the collateral effects of this crisis on nurses and nursing and to integrate the health emergency nursing skills established during the pandemic into the standard field of nursing competence. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING POLICY: The nursing profession has expectations of a reflection on and revision of nursing skills as well as of its valorization in the French healthcare system, notably carried out by the French National Council Order of Nurses. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32567057/ doi: 10.1111/inr.12604 id: cord-333509-dnuakd6h author: Chan, Hui Yun title: Hospitals’ Liabilities in Times of Pandemic: Recalibrating the Legal Obligation to Provide Personal Protective Equipment to Healthcare Workers date: 2020-10-17 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The Covid-19 pandemic has precipitated the global race for essential personal protective equipment in delivering critical patient care. This has created a dearth of personal protective equipment availability in some countries, which posed particular harm to frontline healthcare workers’ health and safety, with undesirable consequences to public health. Substantial discussions have been devoted to the imperative of providing adequate personal protective equipment to frontline healthcare workers. The specific legal obligations of hospitals towards healthcare workers in the pandemic context have so far escaped important scrutiny. This paper endeavours to examine this overlooked aspect in the light of legal actions brought by frontline healthcare workers against their employers arising from a shortage of personal protective equipment. By analysing the potential legal liabilities of hospitals, the paper sheds light on the interlinked attributes and factors in understanding hospitals’ obligations towards healthcare workers and how such duty can be justifiably recalibrated in times of pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10991-020-09270-z doi: 10.1007/s10991-020-09270-z id: cord-334956-pi8ifpcy author: Chan, Raymond Javan title: Implementing a nurse-enabled, integrated, shared-care model involving specialists and general practitioners in breast cancer post-treatment follow-up: a study protocol for a phase II randomised controlled trial (the EMINENT trial) date: 2020-10-15 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: Due to advances in early detection and cancer treatment, 5-year relative survival rates for early breast cancer surpass 90% in developed nations. There is increasing focus on promotion of wellness in survivorship and active approaches to reducing morbidity related to treatment; however, current models of follow-up care are heavily reliant on hospital-based specialist-led care. This study aims to test the feasibility of the EMINENT intervention for implementing an integrated, shared-care model involving both cancer centre specialists and community-based general practitioners for early breast cancer post-treatment follow-up. METHODS: We describe a protocol for a phase II, randomised controlled trial with two parallel arms and 1:1 allocation. A total of 60 patients with early-stage breast cancer will be randomised to usual, specialist-led, follow-up care (as determined by the treating surgeons, medical oncologists, and radiation oncologists) or shared follow-up care intervention (i.e. EMINENT). EMINENT is a nurse-enabled, pre-specified shared-care pathway with follow-up responsibilities divided between cancer centre specialists (i.e. surgeons and oncologists) and general practitioners. The primary outcome is health-related quality of life as measured by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy—Breast Cancer. Secondary outcomes include patient experience, acceptance, and satisfaction of care; dietary, physical activity, and sedentary behaviours; financial toxicity; adherence; health resource utilisation; and adverse events. DISCUSSION: The trial is designed to identify the barriers to implementing a shared-care model for breast cancer survivors following treatment. Results of this study will inform a definitive trial testing the effects of shared-care model on health-related quality of life of breast cancer survivors, as well as its ability to alleviate the growing demands on the healthcare system. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12619001594112. Registered on 19 November 2019 url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33059741/ doi: 10.1186/s13063-020-04740-1 id: cord-268324-86a0n0dc author: Charitos, Ioannis A title: Special features of SARS-CoV-2 in daily practice date: 2020-09-26 words: 6117.0 sentences: 279.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268324-86a0n0dc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268324-86a0n0dc.txt summary: The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (commonly known as SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus (designated as 2019-nCoV), which was isolated for the first time after the Chinese health authorities reported a cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The clinical picture of critical patients with severe inflammatory-induced lung disease and with sepsis or septic shock needing intensive care support and mechanical ventilation is characterized by a wide range of signs and symptoms of life-threatening multiorgan dysfunction or failure, including dyspnoea, tachypnoea (respiratory rate of > 30/min), tachycardia, chest pain or tightness, hypoxemia, virus-induced distributive shock, cardiac dysfunction, elevations in multiple inflammatory cytokines, renal impairment with oliguria, altered mental status, functional alterations of organs expressed as laboratory data of hyperbilirubinemia, acidosis [serum lactate level > 2 mmol/L (18 mg/dL)], coagulopathy, and thrombocytopenia. abstract: The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (commonly known as SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus (designated as 2019-nCoV), which was isolated for the first time after the Chinese health authorities reported a cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China in December 2019. Optimal management of the Coronavirus Disease-2019 disease is evolving quickly and treatment guidelines, based on scientific evidence and experts’ opinions with clinical experience, are constantly being updated. On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak as a "Public Health Emergency of International Concern". The total lack of immune protection brought about a severe spread of the contagion all over the world. For this reason, diagnostic tools, patient management and therapeutic approaches have been tested along the way, in the desperate race to break free from the widespread infection and its fatal respiratory complications. Current medical knowledge and research on severe and critical patients’ management and experimental treatments are still evolving, but several protocols on minimizing risk of infection among the general population, patients and healthcare workers have been approved and diffused by International Health Authorities. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33024749/ doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i18.3920 id: cord-292502-m76rne1l author: Cheema, S. title: The COVID-19 pandemic: the public health reality date: 2020-09-22 words: 2728.0 sentences: 129.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292502-m76rne1l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292502-m76rne1l.txt summary: Undeniably, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in loss of human life; it has wreaked havoc on healthcare systems worldwide, highlighting inequities in healthcare availability and access; it has resulted in drastic public health measures in most countries of the world. Here, we present data that pose questions on the magnitude of attention that the COVID-19 pandemic has garnered compared to other public health issues that are in dire need of prevention and response. The loss of income is likely to result in an increase of adverse health outcomes for many of the individuals affected, and the overall economic crisis will negatively impact the ability of entire countries to provide effective healthcare to their citizens. Hence, we believe that the mortality and disease burden during and after the COVID-19 pandemic due to the social and economic consequences of the preventive measures and other factors can be substantially high. abstract: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19), while mild in most cases, has nevertheless caused significant mortality. The measures adopted in most countries to contain it have led to colossal social and economic disruptions, which will impact the medium- and long-term health outcomes for many communities. In this paper, we deliberate on the reality and facts surrounding the disease. For comparison, we present data from past pandemics, some of which claimed more lives than COVID-19. Mortality data on road traffic crashes and other non-communicable diseases, which cause more deaths each year than COVID-19 has so far, is also provided. The indirect, serious health and social effects are briefly discussed. We also deliberate on how misinformation, confusion stemming from contrasting expert statements, and lack of international coordination may have influenced the public perception of the illness and increased fear and uncertainty. With pandemics and similar problems likely to re-occur, we call for evidence-based decisions, the restoration of responsible journalism and communication built on a solid scientific foundation. url: https://doi.org/10.1017/s0950268820002216 doi: 10.1017/s0950268820002216 id: cord-298362-j3fe0qu2 author: Chen, Jiaoyan title: Forecasting smog-related health hazard based on social media and physical sensor date: 2017-03-31 words: 6231.0 sentences: 317.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298362-j3fe0qu2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298362-j3fe0qu2.txt summary: We then propose a predictive analytic approach that utilizes both social media and physical sensor data to forecast the next day smog-related health hazard. We then propose a predictive analytic approach that utilizes both social media and physical sensor data to forecast the next day smog-related health hazard. To the best of our knowledge, our research is the first study to systematically model and analyze real-world social media and physical sensor data for smog-related health hazard forecasting. Second, a health hazard prediction model is built using records of public health index, smog severity index, social network diffusion factor and physical observation, and is further utilized to forecast smog-related health hazards. As Fig. 3 shows, we develop an ANN-based prediction model to forecast the next day smog-related health hazard (PHI record) with the inputs including the current and the past air quality observations, meteorology observations and social observations. abstract: Abstract Smog disasters are becoming more and more frequent and may cause severe consequences on the environment and public health, especially in urban areas. Social media as a real-time urban data source has become an increasingly effective channel to observe people׳s reactions on smog-related health hazard. It can be used to capture possible smog-related public health disasters in its early stage. We then propose a predictive analytic approach that utilizes both social media and physical sensor data to forecast the next day smog-related health hazard. First, we model smog-related health hazards and smog severity through mining raw microblogging text and network information diffusion data. Second, we developed an artificial neural network (ANN)-based model to forecast smog-related health hazard with the current health hazard and smog severity observations. We evaluate the performance of the approach with other alternative machine learning methods. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to integrate social media and physical sensor data for smog-related health hazard forecasting. The empirical findings can help researchers to better understand the non-linear relationships between the current smog observations and the next day health hazard. In addition, this forecasting approach can provide decision support for smog-related health hazard management through functions like early warning. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32287937/ doi: 10.1016/j.is.2016.03.011 id: cord-274580-h7sxkqw7 author: Cheng, Yang title: China''s unique role in the field of global health date: 2019-11-25 words: 3612.0 sentences: 195.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274580-h7sxkqw7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274580-h7sxkqw7.txt summary: Consistent with its emphasis on promoting global health, China follows the norm of "building a community of shared future for mankind", which operates as a guiding principle for China when it participates in global governance, as proposed by Chinese President Xi Jinping, in keeping with the 17 United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to be achieved by 2030. The first is to advocate the Belt and Road Initiative that seeks to share China''s experience and wisdom with the world, to promote global peace and cooperation, and to engage in joint development endeavors. To improve China-Africa Cooperation in public health, there could be a variety of ways, including regularly communicating and discussing relevant topics, short-term training (10 days) and further study (3 months) programs for the Belt and Road countries in Africa, holding seminars, and sending experts to introduce the international public health development aid and enhance capacity to participate. abstract: Abstract China's participation in global governance, inspired by the 17 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, is driven by the guiding principle of “building a community of shared future for mankind”. China has been promoting the Belt and Road Initiative and South-South Cooperation and has made significant contributions to the prosperity of human beings. Along with the opportunities that globalization brought about such as the World Health Organization and the boom in the economy, global health challenges also emerged. This resulted in certain obstacles for China when it sought to advocate the Belt and Road Initiative and when it attempted to carry out its strategy to address global health issues. What are the emerging challenges for global health? What can China do for global health? Why does global health need China? We tried to address these questions as China's global engagement continues to expand in the new era. This article makes the case for Chinese approaches, including getting involved in public health, being consistent in addressing local conditions, sharing China's experience with handling health services, and strengthening government-led action while being guided by relative policies. China has a lot to offer in the promotion of global health and in overcoming the challenges and risks that this goal currently faces. Thus, China should be considered an inseparable part of global health governance and bilateral health development cooperation. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2414644719302702 doi: 10.1016/j.glohj.2019.11.004 id: cord-016240-2el11d1g author: Cheong, Irene Poh-Ai title: Working Towards A Healthier Brunei date: 2012 words: 3569.0 sentences: 199.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-016240-2el11d1g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-016240-2el11d1g.txt summary: Strategies focused on supporting people to embrace a healthier lifestyle through community participation and inter-sectorial collaboration directed at seven priority areas: nutrition, food safety, tobacco control, mental health, physical activity, health environments/settings, and women''s health. An example of these health promotion initiatives is a program that teaches healthy lifestyles to selected people with a body mass index of over 30. Descriptions of two relatively recent innovative programs initiated in Brunei with direct or indirect implications for health education follow. Health education programs designed to overcome preventable diseases and solve present and future health problems need to be implemented in such a way that they can bring about positive changes not only in attitudes and beliefs but also in behavior. For example, involving health education personnel in making health reports has proved effective in promoting healthy lifestyle practices (Kwong & Seruji, 2007) . abstract: Brunei Darussalam is a small equatorial country of 5,765 square kilometers that lies on the north-west coast of the island of Borneo. An affluent nation, its economy is based mostly on oil and gas. Brunei’s GDP per capita of US$50,117 places the country fifth highest on this index internationally (International Monetary Fund, 2010). The population of Brunei is about 398,000, with Malays, who are Muslims, forming the majority (just under 67% of the country’s people) (Prime Minister’s Office, 2008). The annual population growth rate is just over 2.0%; life expectancy is 75 years (Central Intelligence Agency, 2010). url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7120468/ doi: 10.1007/978-94-6091-876-6_24 id: cord-326574-ke0iktly author: Chew, Alton Ming Kai title: Digital Health Solutions for Mental Health Disorders During COVID-19 date: 2020-09-09 words: 3760.0 sentences: 177.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-326574-ke0iktly.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326574-ke0iktly.txt summary: In the context of the ongoing pandemic, several potential applications of these tools have emerged, such as predicting outbreaks of COVID-19 based on historic travel data and public health capacity (22) . Direct potential applications of OHCs for patients at-risk of mental health disorders include lowering the barrier to access care and support for stigmatized illnesses such as anxiety and depression, by allowing patients to seek initial medical advice anonymously (43) . The pyramid base catering to the needs of the general population could include screening tools such as big data systems and/or OHCs to actively identify and/or engage at-risk individuals without pre-existing mental health disorders, as well as provide tele-support services to reduce risk of progression in patients with mental health disorders (49) . abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.582007 doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.582007 id: cord-009402-fmg6hdm0 author: Chia, Terkuma title: Human Health Versus Human Rights: An Emerging Ethical Dilemma Arising From Coronavirus Disease Pandemic date: 2020-04-11 words: 869.0 sentences: 62.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-009402-fmg6hdm0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-009402-fmg6hdm0.txt summary: title: Human Health Versus Human Rights: An Emerging Ethical Dilemma Arising From Coronavirus Disease Pandemic Notwithstanding that ethical considerations are at the core of planning and implementation in such public health emergencies [2] [3] [4] , the adherence to these regulations and guidelines in reality is problematic. Abuse of individual''s rights is known to occur when ethical principles reasonable support from the general public thereby minimizing unpleasant consequences [7] . On this basis perhaps, the World Health Organization (WHO) advised against travel restrictions in the current coronavirus pandemic [8] . The WHO''s International Health Regulations (IHR) stipulates how nations could address the global spread of disease and without interfering with human activities [2] . Isolation, quarantine, social distancing and community containment: pivotal role for old-style public health measures in the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Outbreak Planning for pandemic: a new model for governing public health emergencies Public health strategies for pandemic influenza: ethics and the law abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7151279/ doi: 10.1016/j.jemep.2020.100511 id: cord-343295-c3y6rtb7 author: Chiara, Berardi title: The COVID-19 pandemic in Italy: policy and technology impact on health and non-health outcomes date: 2020-09-03 words: 5894.0 sentences: 328.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-343295-c3y6rtb7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343295-c3y6rtb7.txt summary: Objective: The paper aims to analyse the policies implemented by the government and their impact on health and non-health outcomes considering both scaling-up and scaling-down interventions. We investigate the impact of policies on the daily reported number of deaths, case fatality rate, confirmation rate, intensive care unit saturation, and financial and job market indicators across the three major geographical areas of Italy (North, Centre, and South). This section considers various interventions such as measures to contain the spread of the virus, policies for prevention and cure, interventions for economic stimulus, and the introduction of new health technology. This section describes the policy implemented by the government to cope with the limited capacity of the health care system and the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, significant technological interventions seemed to be far from having any impact on the outcomes considered (daily number of reported deaths and ICU saturation) due to delayed implementation (see Figure 10 in the appendix). abstract: Italy was the first Western country to experience a major coronavirus outbreak and consequently faced large-scale health and socio-economic challenges. The Italian government enforced a wide set of homogeneous interventions nationally, despite the differing incidences of the virus throughout the country. Objective: The paper aims to analyse the policies implemented by the government and their impact on health and non-health outcomes considering both scaling-up and scaling-down interventions. Methods: To categorise the policy interventions, we rely on the comparative and conceptual framework developed by Moy et al. (2020). We investigate the impact of policies on the daily reported number of deaths, case fatality rate, confirmation rate, intensive care unit saturation, and financial and job market indicators across the three major geographical areas of Italy (North, Centre, and South). Qualitative and quantitative data are gathered from mixed sources: Italian national and regional institutions, National Health Research and international organisations. Our analysis contributes to the literature on the COVID-19 pandemic by comparing policy interventions and their outcomes. Results: Our findings suggest that the strictness and timing of containment and prevention measures played a prominent role in tackling the pandemic, both from a health and economic perspective. Technological interventions played a marginal role due to the inadequacy of protocols and the delay of their implementation. Conclusions: Future government interventions should be informed by evidence-based decision making to balance, the benefits arising from the timing and stringency of the interventions against the adverse social and economic cost, both in the short and long term. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hlpt.2020.08.019 doi: 10.1016/j.hlpt.2020.08.019 id: cord-016160-ugc7ce21 author: Ching, Frank title: Bird Flu, SARS and Beyond date: 2018-03-15 words: 19410.0 sentences: 1034.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-016160-ugc7ce21.txt txt: ./txt/cord-016160-ugc7ce21.txt summary: At the end of 2002, unknown to anyone in Hong Kong, another deadly virus was circulating in neighboring Guangdong Province, propagating a disease that had no name but which was preliminarily dubbed atypical pneumonia in China and later renamed Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, or SARS, by the World Health Organization. And now it''s been identified by all the other laboratories." 76 Also, just as Hong Kong University publicized its breakthrough before the CDC''s announcement, so the university was able to get its scientific discovery into print first, with the publication of a paper in the online Lancet on April 8, 2003, "Coronavirus as a possible cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome." The success was very much the result of a group effort, as the list of authors shows, with Malik Peiris as the lead writer, K.Y. Yuen as the last writer and others, including Guan Yi, Leo Poon, John Nicholls and K.H. Chan, in between. abstract: In the politically sensitive year of 1997, Hong Kong experienced an outbreak of avian flu when the deadly H5N1 virus unprecedentedly jumped the species barrier from chickens and infected human beings. Hong Kong decided to slaughter over a million chickens, and the virus was stopped in its tracks. In 2003, Hong Kong was the epicenter of the SARS pandemic, which originated in Guangdong province. The Faculty of Medicine played key roles in both instances, with its Microbiology Department successfully identifying a novel coronavirus as being responsible for SARS. Hong Kong learned from its experience and took action to combat the emergence of new infectious diseases. Such vigilance paid off in 2009, when swine flu swept the world, and in 2013, when a novel avian flu H7N9 emerged in China. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7120366/ doi: 10.1007/978-981-10-6316-9_14 id: cord-299982-plw0dukq author: Chire Saire, J. E. title: Covid19 Surveillance in Peru on April using Text Mining date: 2020-05-25 words: 1642.0 sentences: 105.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299982-plw0dukq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299982-plw0dukq.txt summary: Twitter provides researchers an information source on public health, in real time and globally. More applications using Twitter and Natural Language Processing are found: monitor H1N1 flu [14] , Dengue in Brazil [15] , covid19 symptomatology in Colombia [16] , covid19 infoveillance in South America countries [17] and monitor City of Mexico [18] Finally, Ear [19] found, Peruvian Internal Agencies have overlapping functions so this can limit collaboration, there is not enough technical capacity and resources outside the capital, Lima. Another point to consider is that, besides the information on COVID 19, the international information related to the situation in other countries is present in every region. A similar scenario is present in all the regions, mass media The Social Network explored is useful to provide data for a exploratory analysis, to know what concerns can have citizens and map the issues per city so Public Policies can be more efficient and located. abstract: The present outbreak as consequence by coronavirus covid19 has generated an big impact over the world. South American countries had their own limitations, challengues and pandemic has highlighted what needs to improve. Peru is a country with good start with quarantine, social distancing policies but the policies was not enough during the weeks. So, the analysis over April is performed through infoveillance using posts from different cities to analyze what population was living or worried during this month. Results presents a high concern about international context, and national situation, besides Economy and Politics are issues to solve. By constrast, Religion and Transport are not very important for peruvian citizens. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.24.20112193v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.24.20112193 id: cord-346515-8wqpvf68 author: Chiu, Hsiao-Hsuan title: Building core capacities at the designated points of entry according to the International Health Regulations 2005: a review of the progress and prospects in Taiwan date: 2014-07-17 words: 6884.0 sentences: 284.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346515-8wqpvf68.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346515-8wqpvf68.txt summary: Based on the abovementioned findings, several important conclusions were made, which includes: 1) the designation of the PoEs should be based on consensus; 2) the stakeholders with the responsibility of implementing the core capacities should be brought together, not only from the health sector, but also from other public and private sectors; 3) the successful implementation of this program requires strong support from the cabinet and its subordinate organizations; 4) a coordination mechanism, with clear functions and structure, is necessary; 5) an agreed protocol, which clarifies the strategies, timeline, and multidisciplinary/multisectoral duties, is essential, and 6) all strategies should be harmonized with the currently available resources, national administrative structure, and consensus made by the participants. abstract: BACKGROUND: As designated points of entry (PoEs) play a critical role in preventing the transmission of international public health risks, huge efforts have been invested in Taiwan to improve the core capacities specified in the International Health Regulations 2005 (IHR 2005). This article reviews how Taiwan strengthened the core capacities at the Taoyuan International Airport (TIA) and the Port of Kaohsiung (PoK) by applying a new, practicable model. DESIGN: An IHR PoE program was initiated for implementing the IHR core capacities at designated PoEs. The main methods of this program were 1) identifying the designated PoEs according to the pre-determined criteria, 2) identifying the competent authority for each health measure, 3) building a close collaborative relationship between stakeholders from the central and PoE level, 4) designing three stages of systematic assessment using the assessment tool published by the World Health Organization (WHO), and 5) undertaking action plans targeting the gaps identified by the assessments. RESULTS: Results of the self-assessment, preliminary external assessment, and follow-up external assessment revealed a continuous progressive trend at the TIA (86, 91, and 100%, respectively), and at the PoK (77, 97, and 99.9%, respectively). The results of the follow-up external assessment indicated that both these designated PoEs already conformed to the IHR requirements. These achievements were highly associated with strong collaboration, continuous empowerment, efficient resource integration, and sustained commitments. CONCLUSIONS: Considering that many countries had requested for an extension on the deadline to fulfill the IHR 2005 core capacity requirements, Taiwan's experiences can be a source of learning for countries striving to fully implement these requirements. Further, in order to broaden the scope of public health protection into promoting global security, Taiwan will keep its commitments on multisectoral cooperation, human resource capacity building, and maintaining routine and emergency capacities. url: https://doi.org/10.3402/gha.v7.24516 doi: 10.3402/gha.v7.24516 id: cord-334109-9gv92yfh author: Cho, Hae-Wol title: Enemy at the Gate date: 2019-08-17 words: 153.0 sentences: 19.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334109-9gv92yfh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334109-9gv92yfh.txt summary: key: cord-334109-9gv92yfh authors: Cho, Hae-Wol title: Enemy at the Gate date: 2019-08-17 journal: Osong Public Health Res Perspect DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2019.10.4.01 sha: doc_id: 334109 cord_uid: 9gv92yfh nan individuals at a higher risk of transmitting WFB communicable diseases as they may have come from areas where the population is living in a high-density, poor, social environment. In addition, medical care may be minimal, and access to safe drinking water and clean food may be limited. Providing improved essential information on good personal hygiene practices to international travelers from/to Korea maybe a simple and effective measure for minimizing the possibility of spreading WFB communicable diseases. World Health Organization. Guidelines for drinking-water quality World Health Organization [Internet]. Foodborne diseases Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Joint external evaluation of IHR cope capacities of the Republic of Korea Mission report Risk of Water and Food-Borne Communicable Diseases in Travelers Entering Korea abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2019.10.4.01 doi: 10.24171/j.phrp.2019.10.4.01 id: cord-270969-zb6ih5dl author: Chongsuvivatwong, Virasakdi title: Health and health-care systems in southeast Asia: diversity and transitions date: 2011-01-25 words: 5892.0 sentences: 289.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270969-zb6ih5dl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270969-zb6ih5dl.txt summary: Southeast Asia is a region of enormous social, economic, and political diversity, both across and within countries, shaped by its history, geography, and position as a major crossroad of trade and the movement of goods and services. Rapid but inequitable socioeconomic development, coupled with differing rates of demographic and epidemiological transitions, have accentuated health disparities and posed great public health challenges for national health systems, particularly the control of emerging infectious diseases and the rise of non-communicable diseases within ageing populations. • The diversity of geography and history, including social, cultural, and economic diff erences, have contributed to highly divergent health status and health systems across and within countries of southeast Asia. Regional collaboration in standards of data collection and health systems analysis is hampered by WHO''s division of the ASEAN region into two areas under separate regional offi ces: the South-East Asia Regional Offi ce, encompassing Indonesia, Myanmar, and Thailand, and the Western Pacifi c Regional Offi ce, consisting of the remaining countries. abstract: Southeast Asia is a region of enormous social, economic, and political diversity, both across and within countries, shaped by its history, geography, and position as a major crossroad of trade and the movement of goods and services. These factors have not only contributed to the disparate health status of the region's diverse populations, but also to the diverse nature of its health systems, which are at varying stages of evolution. Rapid but inequitable socioeconomic development, coupled with differing rates of demographic and epidemiological transitions, have accentuated health disparities and posed great public health challenges for national health systems, particularly the control of emerging infectious diseases and the rise of non-communicable diseases within ageing populations. While novel forms of health care are evolving in the region, such as corporatised public health-care systems (government owned, but operating according to corporate principles and with private-sector participation) and financing mechanisms to achieve universal coverage, there are key lessons for health reforms and decentralisation. New challenges have emerged with rising trade in health services, migration of the health workforce, and medical tourism. Juxtaposed between the emerging giant economies of China and India, countries of the region are attempting to forge a common regional identity, despite their diversity, to seek mutually acceptable and effective solutions to key regional health challenges. In this first paper in the Lancet Series on health in southeast Asia, we present an overview of key demographic and epidemiological changes in the region, explore challenges facing health systems, and draw attention to the potential for regional collaboration in health. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(10)61507-3 doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(10)61507-3 id: cord-035137-uxtaw02u author: Chowdhury, Anis Z. title: Responding to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Developing Countries: Lessons from Selected Countries of the Global South date: 2020-11-10 words: 6821.0 sentences: 363.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-035137-uxtaw02u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-035137-uxtaw02u.txt summary: But most national authorities outside of East Asia did not take adequate early precautionary measures speedily enough to contain the spread of the outbreak, typically by promoting safe ''physical distancing'', obligatory use of masks in public areas, and other measures to reduce the spread and likelihood of infection. Government capacity to respond depends crucially on system capacity and capabilities-e.g., authorities'' ability to speedily trace, isolate and treat the infected-and available fiscal resources-e.g., to quickly enhance testing capacity and secure personal protective equipment (PPE). Finally, it draws some implications of different policy responses in East Asia, Southeast Asia-especially Vietnam, and India''s Kerala state-Argentina, Brazil and Peru, that are relevant for other countries. And where communities or clusters had significant infection rates, urgent, targeted measures could have helped ''turn the tide'' on COVID-19 with decisive early actions, as in China, Korea and Vietnam, without imposing nationwide ''stay in shelter'' or ''shelter in place'' lockdowns, 16 or restrictions on movements of people within its borders. abstract: Reviewing selected policy responses in Asia and South America, this paper draws pragmatic lessons for developing countries to better address the COVID-19 pandemic. It argues that not acting quickly and adequately incurs much higher costs. So-called ‘best practices’, while useful, may be inappropriate, especially if not complemented by effective and suitable socio-economic measures. Public understanding, support and cooperation, not harsh and selective enforcement of draconian measures, are critical for successful implementation of containment strategies. This requires inclusive and transparent policy-making, and well-coordinated and accountable government actions that build and maintain trust between citizens and government. In short, addressing the pandemic crisis needs ‘all of government’ and ‘whole of society’ approaches under credible leadership. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7653449/ doi: 10.1057/s41301-020-00256-y id: cord-272843-fis10xbi author: Chowdhury, Rajiv title: Cardiometabolic Health: Key in Reducing Adverse COVID-19 Outcomes date: 2020-08-19 words: 2557.0 sentences: 154.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272843-fis10xbi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272843-fis10xbi.txt summary: Whilst current public health measures focused on good hygiene practices and limiting person-to-person transmission contribute effectively in managing the COVID-19 pandemic, they will not prevent all individuals from becoming infected. The value of beneficial health behaviours and a healthy lifestyle to improve immune functioning and lower adverse consequences of COVID-19 are increasingly being emphasized. Here we discuss seven key health behaviours that may assist in reducing unfavourable COVID-19 outcomes whilst having important co-beneficial impacts on non-communicable disease prevention (Figure 1) . Furthermore, smoking is known to be associated with viral infections and severity (e.g., influenza) as smokers are more likely to have poorer lung function/capacity [11] , contract microbial diseases (through structural changes in the respiratory tract, decreased immunity) [12] , and perform repetitive hand-to-mouth movements. While being conscious of implementation challenges, proposed actions provide guidance on health behaviours improving immune and cardiorespiratory function that may reduce adverse COVID-19 outcomes. abstract: Whilst current public health measures focused on good hygiene practices and limiting person-to-person transmission contribute effectively in managing the COVID-19 pandemic, they will not prevent all individuals from becoming infected. Thus, it is of importance to explore what individuals could do to mitigate adverse outcomes. The value of beneficial health behaviours and a healthy lifestyle to improve immune functioning and lower adverse consequences of COVID-19 are increasingly being emphasized. Here we discuss seven key health behaviours and corresponding recommendations that may assist in reducing unfavourable COVID-19 outcomes. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32923351/ doi: 10.5334/gh.879 id: cord-284125-35ghtmhu author: Chua, Kaw Bing title: Perspectives of public health laboratories in emerging infectious diseases date: 2013-06-26 words: 3610.0 sentences: 161.0 pages: flesch: 28.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284125-35ghtmhu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284125-35ghtmhu.txt summary: 6 Emerging novel viruses are a major public health concern with the potential of causing high health and socioeconomic impacts, as has occurred with progressive pandemic infectious diseases such as human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV), the recent pandemic caused by the novel quadruple re-assortment strain of influenza A virus (H1N1), and more transient events such as the outbreaks of Nipah virus in 1998/1999 and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus in 2003. To minimize the health and socioeconomic impacts of emerging epidemic infectious diseases, major challenges must be overcome in the national and international capacity for early detection, rapid and accurate etiological identification (especially those caused by novel pathogens), rapid response and effective control (Figure 1 ). However, to develop and establish such an effective national public health capacity, especially the laboratory component to support infectious disease surveillance, outbreak investigation and early response, a good understanding of the concepts of emerging infectious diseases and an integrated country and regional public health laboratory system in accordance with the nature and type of emerging pathogens, especially novel ones, are highly recommended. abstract: The world has experienced an increased incidence and transboundary spread of emerging infectious diseases over the last four decades. We divided emerging infectious diseases into four categories, with subcategories in categories 1 and 4. The categorization was based on the nature and characteristics of pathogens or infectious agents causing the emerging infections, which are directly related to the mechanisms and patterns of infectious disease emergence. The factors or combinations of factors contributing to the emergence of these pathogens vary within each category. We also classified public health laboratories into three types based on function, namely, research, reference and analytical diagnostic laboratories, with the last category being subclassified into primary (community-based) public health and clinical (medical) analytical diagnostic laboratories. The frontline/leading and/or supportive roles to be adopted by each type of public health laboratory for optimal performance to establish the correct etiological agents causing the diseases or outbreaks vary with respect to each category of emerging infectious diseases. We emphasize the need, especially for an outbreak investigation, to establish a harmonized and coordinated national public health laboratory system that integrates different categories of public health laboratories within a country and that is closely linked to the national public health delivery system and regional and international high-end laboratories. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26038473/ doi: 10.1038/emi.2013.34 id: cord-331563-4yvfdqbq author: Chughtai, Abrar Ahmad title: Availability, consistency and evidence-base of policies and guidelines on the use of mask and respirator to protect hospital health care workers: a global analysis date: 2013-05-31 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: Currently there is an ongoing debate and limited evidence on the use of masks and respirators for the prevention of respiratory infections in health care workers (HCWs). This study aimed to examine available policies and guidelines around the use of masks and respirators in HCWs and to describe areas of consistency between guidelines, as well as gaps in the recommendations, with reference to the WHO and the CDC guidelines. METHODS: Policies and guidelines related to mask and respirator use for the prevention of influenza, SARS and TB were examined. Guidelines from the World Health Organization (WHO), the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), three high-income countries and six low/middle-income countries were selected. RESULTS: Uniform recommendations are made by the WHO and the CDC in regards to protecting HCWs against seasonal influenza (a mask for low risk situations and a respirator for high risk situations) and TB (use of a respirator). However, for pandemic influenza and SARS, the WHO recommends mask use in low risk and respirators in high risk situations, whereas, the CDC recommends respirators in both low and high risk situations. Amongst the nine countries reviewed, there are variations in the recommendations for all three diseases. While, some countries align with the WHO recommendations, others align with those made by the CDC. The choice of respirator and the level of filtering ability vary amongst the guidelines and the different diseases. Lastly, none of the policies discuss reuse, extended use or the use of cloth masks. CONCLUSION: Currently, there are significant variations in the policies and recommendations around mask and respirator use for protection against influenza, SARS and TB. These differences may reflect the scarcity of level-one evidence available to inform policy development. The lack of any guidelines on the use of cloth masks, despite widespread use in many low and middle-income countries, remains a policy gap. Health organizations and countries should jointly evaluate the available evidence, prioritize research to inform evidence gaps, and develop consistent policy on masks and respirator use in the health care setting. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23725338/ doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-6-216 id: cord-310543-2ly18d15 author: Clemens, Vera title: Potential effects of “social” distancing measures and school lockdown on child and adolescent mental health date: 2020-05-23 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Age-related metabolic and renal changes predispose older people to an increased risk of diabetes mellitus and diabetic kidney disease, respectively. As the prevalence of the ageing population is increasing, because of increased life expectancy, the prevalence of older people with diabetic kidney disease is likely to increase. Diabetic kidney disease is associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes and increased costs to healthcare systems. The management includes promotion of a healthy lifestyle and control of cardiovascular risk factors such as hyperglycaemia, hypertension and dyslipidaemia. Older people are a heterogeneous group of people from a community-living fit and independent person to a fully dependent individual residing in a care home. Therefore, management in this age group should be based on a patient’s functional level adopting tight metabolic control in the fit individual and relaxed targets in the frail person. However, despite the maximum available therapy, a significant number of patients with diabetic kidney disease still progress to renal failure and experience adverse cardiac outcomes. Therefore, future research is required to explore methods of early detection of diabetic kidney disease and to investigate novel therapeutic interventions to further improve the outcomes.Age-related metabolic and renal changes predispose older people to an increased risk of diabetes mellitus and diabetic kidney disease, respectively. As the prevalence of the ageing population is increasing, because of increased life expectancy, the prevalence of older people with diabetic kidney disease is likely to increase. Diabetic kidney disease is associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes and increased costs to healthcare systems. The management includes promotion of a healthy lifestyle and control of cardiovascular risk factors such as hyperglycaemia, hypertension and dyslipidaemia. Older people are a heterogeneous group of people from a community-living fit and independent person to a fully dependent individual residing in a care home. Therefore, management in this age group should be based on a patient’s functional level adopting tight metabolic control in the fit individual and relaxed targets in the frail person. However, despite the maximum available therapy, a significant number of patients with diabetic kidney disease still progress to renal failure and experience adverse cardiac outcomes. Therefore, future research is required to explore methods of early detection of diabetic kidney disease and to investigate novel therapeutic interventions to further improve the outcomes.Age-related metabolic and renal changes predispose older people to an increased risk of diabetes mellitus and diabetic kidney disease, respectively. As the prevalence of the ageing population is increasing, because of increased life expectancy, the prevalence of older people with diabetic kidney disease is likely to increase. Diabetic kidney disease is associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes and increased costs to healthcare systems. The management includes promotion of a healthy lifestyle and control of cardiovascular risk factors such as hyperglycaemia, hypertension and dyslipidaemia. Older people are a heterogeneous group of people from a community-living fit and independent person to a fully dependent individual residing in a care home. Therefore, management in this age group should be based on a patient’s functional level adopting tight metabolic control in the fit individual and relaxed targets in the frail person. However, despite the maximum available therapy, a significant number of patients with diabetic kidney disease still progress to renal failure and experience adverse cardiac outcomes. Therefore, future research is required to explore methods of early detection of diabetic kidney disease and to investigate novel therapeutic interventions to further improve the outcomes. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32447569/ doi: 10.1007/s00787-020-01549-w id: cord-300301-7amiljnm author: Clements, Bruce W. title: Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Disease Threats date: 2016-03-04 words: 6536.0 sentences: 383.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300301-7amiljnm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300301-7amiljnm.txt summary: Factors contributing to the emergence of diseases include increasing international travel and commerce, changes in human demographics and behavior, advances in technology and industry, microbial adaptation and the breakdown of public health systems. These include: rapid epidemiologic surveillance and investigations to characterize the disease; transmission prevention through containment and control measures; development and deployment of medical countermeasures; and emergency public information and warning. By April 26, a public health emergency, the first in the history of the United States, was declared to allow for the rapid development of a vaccine, mobilization of antiviral medications through the federally resourced Strategic National Stockpile, and enhanced surveillance through reporting and testing. While it may not be possible to predict which pathogens may emerge or reemerge, it is possible to build infrastructure and take general steps to make populations and public health systems better prepared for the next novel infectious disease outbreak. abstract: This chapter describes the potential public health impact of emerging and reemerging disease. Factors contributing to the emergence of diseases include increasing international travel and commerce, changes in human demographics and behavior, advances in technology and industry, microbial adaptation and the breakdown of public health systems. Of emerging diseases, 60% are zoonotic, making the human–animal biome interaction critical. Preparedness for an emerging disease relies on strong biosurveillance systems for early detection. Control measures to prevent transmission must be implemented early. These include: rapid epidemiologic surveillance and investigations to characterize the disease; transmission prevention through containment and control measures; development and deployment of medical countermeasures; and emergency public information and warning. Recovery after the outbreak of an emerging disease can result in a “new normal” with persistent endemic infection in the community. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/B9780128019801000106 doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801980-1.00010-6 id: cord-027756-w44t68tj author: Coggon, John title: Postscript: COVID-19 and the Legal Determinants of Health date: 2020-05-25 words: 1075.0 sentences: 56.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-027756-w44t68tj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-027756-w44t68tj.txt summary: We reflect briefly on emerging responses to COVID-19, and raise important questions of ethics and law that must be addressed; including through the lens of legal determinants, and with critical attention to what it means to protect health with justice. Since this special issue of Public Health Ethics went into production, the global pandemic of COVID-19 has led to extraordinary measures being taken in many countries, including those where we each live (the UK and USA, respectively). Available online at www.phe.oxfordjournals.org PUBLIC HEALTH ETHICS 2020 • 1-2 emergency, and it demands coordinated responses and political leadership that take a global outlook. Colleagues in global and public health, including scholars in ethics and law, will therefore rightly be attentive to the implications of this crisis at subnational, national, international, and global levels. Beyond liberty: social values and public health ethics in responses to COVID-19 Responding to COVID-19: How to Navigate a Public Health Emergency Legally and Ethically abstract: This is a short postscript to the Public Health Ethics special issue on the legal determinants of health. We reflect briefly on emerging responses to COVID-19, and raise important questions of ethics and law that must be addressed; including through the lens of legal determinants, and with critical attention to what it means to protect health with justice. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7313806/ doi: 10.1093/phe/phaa015 id: cord-299745-gv7i8oeh author: Coghlan, Ben title: The Development of One Health Approaches in the Western Pacific date: 2012-10-12 words: 5323.0 sentences: 208.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299745-gv7i8oeh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299745-gv7i8oeh.txt summary: And the USAID Emerging Pandemic Threats Program (U.S. Agency for International Development 2010) operates globally with specific activities related to four project areas in Southeast Asia: wildlife pathogen detection, risk determination and reduction, outbreak response capacity, and institutionalization of a One Health approach. Ecohealth approaches to the better management of zoonotic emerging infectious diseases in the Southeast Asia Region (EcoZEID) (Gilbert 2011) adopts a learning by doing approach in six countries aiming to demonstrate how capacity for research and disease control can be developed to address specific risks and impacts of EIDs. ILRI also manages the Field Building Leadership Initiative (FBLI): Advancing ecohealth in Southeast Asia (China, Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam) (Tung DX 2011) . This joint action culminated in a new strategy, The Vietnam Integrated National Operational Program on Avian Influenza, Pandemic Preparedness And Emerging Infectious Diseases (AIPED), 2011-2015: Strengthening responses and improving prevention through a One Health approach (Vietnam Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development and Ministry of Health 2011). abstract: The Western Pacific Region, the most populous of six regional groupings of World Health Organization (WHO) member states, has seen the emergence of a series of novel zoonotic infections in the last decade. This has focused attention on addressing underlying risks and vulnerabilities in the complex interactions among people, animals, and environments as a better way to counter emerging diseases. This “One Health” approach is pertinent to the region because, it is a “hot spot” for the emergence of novel diseases from wildlife, because unexpected epidemics of re-emerging zoonotic diseases have caused morbidity and mortality in urban and periurban communities, and because it remains a sanctuary for well-known zoonotic infections. In this chapter, selected regional, multicountry, and national steps to operationalize One Health are discussed. While the region is well positioned to exploit the opportunities that have come with outbreaks of new diseases, the array of disconnected and overlapping initiatives from various consortia, donors, research institutes, and UN agencies is to some extent impeding the development of better ways of managing both new and old infections for the local, regional, and global good. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23065094/ doi: 10.1007/82_2012_270 id: cord-033452-y5tavcjb author: Cohen, Jennifer title: COVID-19 Capitalism: The Profit Motive versus Public Health date: 2020-09-20 words: 1390.0 sentences: 82.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-033452-y5tavcjb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-033452-y5tavcjb.txt summary: Furthermore, because profit-seeking is economically rational in capitalism, capitalist imperatives may be incompatible with public health. Another reason to look closely at markets is the profit motive, a supply-side behavioral force, which provides a different rationale for deindividualizing responsibility for health in capitalist economies. I argue that profit-motivated behaviors keep individuals from accessing necessities and undermine public health and health systems as demonstrated during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, focusing on individual ''rule-breakers'' elides social and economic context (Roy, 2017)-capitalism incentivizes profit-seeking at significant cost to public health. Antisocial entrepreneurialism occurs at all levels: from a student charging classmates for single-squirts of hand-sanitizer (Harvey, 2020) , to people stockpiling and unapologetically reselling cleaning wipes on Craigslist and Facebook marketplace (Tiffany, 2020) , to drug companies jacking up prices for medications like insulin (Thomas, 2019) . In effect, like (in)ability-to-pay on the demand side, the profit motive is a supply-side force that can render individuals incapable of responsibility for their health (Levy, 2019) . abstract: Market incentives in capitalist economies and public health requirements are contradictory. In the COVID-19 pandemic, market-rewarded self-interested behavior has been exposed as a source of mortality and morbidity. Profit-motivated behaviors can keep people from accessing necessities for health thereby harming individuals and possibly damaging population health. The profit motive can also undermine healthcare system capacity by maldistributing goods that are inputs to healthcare. Furthermore, because profit-seeking is economically rational in capitalism, capitalist imperatives may be incompatible with public health. The ways markets misallocate resources provide a rationale for state responsibility for health, which is a public good. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7543589/ doi: 10.1093/phe/phaa025 id: cord-330737-6khv4kbj author: Cohen, Jennifer title: Contributing factors to personal protective equipment shortages during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-02 words: 5589.0 sentences: 256.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330737-6khv4kbj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330737-6khv4kbj.txt summary: Problems from a dysfunctional costing model in hospital operating systems were magnified by a very large demand shock triggered by acute need in healthcare and panicked marketplace behavior that depleted domestic PPE inventories. Removing the profit motive for purchasing PPE in hospital costing models and pursuing strategic industrial policy to reduce the US dependence on imported PPE will both help to better protect healthcare workers with adequate supplies of PPE. Since early 2020 the US has experienced a severe shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) needed by healthcare workers fighting the COVID-19 pandemic (Emanuel et al., 2020; Livingston, Desai, & Berkwits, 2020) . We now turn to our analysis of PPE shortages, which identifies on four contributing factors: the way that hospitals budget for PPE, domestic demand shocks, federal government failures, and disruptions to the global supply chain (Figure 2 ). abstract: This study investigates the forces that contributed to severe shortages in personal protective equipment in the US during the COVID-19 crisis. Problems from a dysfunctional costing model in hospital operating systems were magnified by a very large demand shock triggered by acute need in healthcare and panicked marketplace behavior that depleted domestic PPE inventories. The lack of appropriate action on the part of the federal government to maintain and distribute domestic inventories, as well as severe disruptions to the PPE global supply chain, amplified the problem. Analysis of trade data shows that the US is the world's largest importer of face masks, eye protection, and medical gloves, making it highly vulnerable to disruptions in exports of medical supplies. We conclude that market prices are not appropriate mechanisms for rationing inputs to health because health is a public good. Removing the profit motive for purchasing PPE in hospital costing models and pursuing strategic industrial policy to reduce the US dependence on imported PPE will both help to better protect healthcare workers with adequate supplies of PPE. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33017601/ doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106263 id: cord-326799-bb27iydc author: Cohen, Odeya title: Promoting public health legal preparedness for emergencies: review of current trends and their relevance in light of the Ebola crisis date: 2015-10-07 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: Public health legal preparedness (PHLP) for emergencies is a core component of the health system response. However, the implementation of health legal preparedness differs between low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) and developed countries. OBJECTIVE: This paper examines recent trends regarding public health legal preparedness for emergencies and discusses its role in the recent Ebola outbreak. DESIGN: A rigorous literature review was conducted using eight electronic databases as well as Google Scholar. The results encompassed peer-reviewed English articles, reports, theses, and position papers dating from 2011 to 2014. Earlier articles concerning regulatory actions were also examined. RESULTS: The importance of PHLP has grown during the past decade and focuses mainly on infection–disease scenarios. Amid LMICs, it mostly refers to application of international regulations, whereas in developed states, it focuses on independent legislation and creation of conditions optimal to promoting an effective emergency management. Among developed countries, the United States’ utilisation of health legal preparedness is the most advanced, including the creation of a model comprising four elements: law, competencies, information, and coordination. Only limited research has been conducted in this field to date. Nevertheless, in both developed and developing states, studies that focused on regulations and laws activated in health systems during emergencies, identified inconsistency and incoherence. The Ebola outbreak plaguing West Africa since 2014 has global implications, challenges and paralleling results, that were identified in this review. CONCLUSIONS: The review has shown the need to broaden international regulations, to deepen reciprocity between countries, and to consider LMICs health capacities, in order to strengthen the national health security. Adopting elements of the health legal preparedness model is recommended. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26449204/ doi: 10.3402/gha.v8.28871 id: cord-342137-l67pvf73 author: Collins, Charles title: Schistosomiasis control and the health system in P.R. China date: 2012-11-01 words: 5609.0 sentences: 262.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342137-l67pvf73.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342137-l67pvf73.txt summary: These cover the policy-making process, intersectoral action for health, equity and access to health services, funding for public goods and externalities, and strengthening resource management and planning. These issues form the basis of an agenda for integrating research and capacity strengthening in the Chinese health system with a view to creating a more positive enabling environment for schistosomiasis control. The debate over the vertical and/or horizontal nature of disease control programmes has occupied an important place in health systems analysis, together with discussions over the nature of integration and the specific circumstances in which integration is or is not appropriate [8] [9] [10] [11] . The paper concludes by analysing four emerging themes; the role and integrity of the public sector, the importance of equity for infectious diseases of poverty, the significance of health systems development, and the importance of advocacy. abstract: Over the last sixty years advances have been made in the control of schistosomiasis in P.R. China. There are, however, difficult challenges still to be met. This paper looks at the extent to which the health system offers a positive environment for the control of the disease. It starts by tracing three phases in schistosomiasis control: disease elimination strategy through snail control (1950s-early 1980s); morbidity control strategy based on chemotherapy (mid 1980s to 2003); integrated control strategy (2004+). Each one of these phases took place in distinct policy-making environments. The paper partly draws on these phases to set out five issues of disease control and discusses them in the context of the health system and its recent trends. These cover the policy-making process, intersectoral action for health, equity and access to health services, funding for public goods and externalities, and strengthening resource management and planning. These issues form the basis of an agenda for integrating research and capacity strengthening in the Chinese health system with a view to creating a more positive enabling environment for schistosomiasis control. In so doing it is important to emphasize the role and integrity of the public sector against its commercialization, the underlying value of equity, a systems wide perspective, and the role of advocacy. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/2049-9957-1-8 doi: 10.1186/2049-9957-1-8 id: cord-006100-zvb7bxix author: Connolly, John title: The “wicked problems” of governing UK health security disaster prevention: The case of pandemic influenza date: 2015-06-01 words: 6375.0 sentences: 244.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-006100-zvb7bxix.txt txt: ./txt/cord-006100-zvb7bxix.txt summary: The paper also serves to identify that although contingencies management for epidemiological issues require technical and scientific considerations to feature in governance arrangements, equally there are key "wicked problems" in the context public policy that pervade the health security sector. There are studies which consider crisis management, resilience and risk in the context of UK public policy (e.g. McConnell, 2003; Drennan and McConnell, 2006; Brassett et al., 2013) , however, there are very few case-based research studies which illustrate crisis and disaster governance challenges from the perspective of those institutions and policy actors that are responsible for managing such "wicked problems" from a macro-level policy position. The wicked problem of UK territorial governance UK policy actors (i.e. in Scottish and UK governments) in the area of health security have highlighted the domestic state-level challenges of managing planning for pandemic disease within UK borders and the political dimensions to this process. abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this paper is to examine the governance and policy-making challenges in the context of “wicked problems” based on the case of pandemic influenza. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: The case study research is based on an analysis of official documentation and interviews with policy elites at multiple levels of UK governance. FINDINGS: Results of this study show that policy actors regard risk communication, the dynamics of international public policy and UK territorial governance as the main governance challenges in the management of influenza at a macro-level. The paper also serves to identify that although contingencies management for epidemiological issues require technical and scientific considerations to feature in governance arrangements, equally there are key “wicked problems” in the context public policy that pervade the health security sector. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The study indicates the need to build in resources at a national level to plan for policy coordination challenges in areas that might at first be seen as devoid of political machinations (such as technical areas of public policy that might be underpinned by epidemiological processes). The identification of the major governance challenges that emerge from the pandemic influenza case study is a springboard for a research agenda in relation to the analysis of the parallels and paradoxes of governance challenges for health security across EU member states. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: This paper provides a novel interrogation of the pandemic influenza case study in the context of UK governance and public policy by providing a strategic policy lens from perspective of elites. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7098008/ doi: 10.1108/dpm-09-2014-0196 id: cord-007532-1fpx9pxs author: Corless, Inge B. title: Expanding nursing''s role in responding to global pandemics 5/14/2018 date: 2018-06-28 words: 2199.0 sentences: 101.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-007532-1fpx9pxs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-007532-1fpx9pxs.txt summary: authors: Corless, Inge B.; Nardi, Deena; Milstead, Jeri A.; Larson, Elaine; Nokes, Kathleen M.; Orsega, Susan; Kurth, Ann E.; Kirksey, Kenn M.; Woith, Wendy The aim of this Academy policy is to fill this gap by identifying the essential role of nurses and community health workers during the time just prior to the confirmation of a potential epidemic and focuses on the early identification of infectious pathogens and prevention of further transmission. In addition to preparing frontline community workers to promptly identify potential emerging or re-emerging infection, appropriate national nursing councils and public health entities could be charged with the responsibility of developing and sharing early reporting networks. The policy recommendations provided below will strengthen national health security through the enhanced recognition and expansion of the individuals who are initial points of contact in the community as well as the role of nurses and nursing organizations in responding to and preventing potential global pandemics. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7118451/ doi: 10.1016/j.outlook.2018.06.003 id: cord-331568-h2ukbbom author: Correa, Humberto title: Why psychiatric treatment must not be neglected during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-04-30 words: 631.0 sentences: 45.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331568-h2ukbbom.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331568-h2ukbbom.txt summary: authors: Correa, Humberto; Malloy-Diniz, Leandro F.; da Silva, Antonio G. As highlighted by Silva et al., 3 these actions include behavioral measures to facilitate social distance, identifying cognitive mechanisms and decision styles that can increase risk exposure, as well as the mental health care of professionals who deal directly with the consequences of the pandemic. They also highlight the need for care and attention to particular groups (e.g., psychiatric patients), as well as actions that institutional health centers can implement to manage mental health during the pandemic. As pointed out by Zhu et al., 5 psychiatric hospitals must have a specific approach for dealing with segments of the population that need additional attention, including hospital resource management strategies, different types of mental health intervention, and guidance for the family members of COVID-19 victims. In this time of crisis, when effort is required in many areas, investing in the mental health of psychiatric patients and the general population is not a luxury. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2020-0995 doi: 10.1590/1516-4446-2020-0995 id: cord-349348-9rnvawfa author: Cousineau, J title: Genomics and Public Health Research: Can the State Allow Access to Genomic Databases? date: 2012-05-31 words: 9256.0 sentences: 448.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349348-9rnvawfa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349348-9rnvawfa.txt summary: Thus, genomic databases will constitute an important source of information, on the one hand, in order to pursue research aiming to understand better the genetic susceptibility to a disease regarding certain individuals within a population, and on the other, to implement eventually public health interventions. Following an overview of the essential roles of public health and an analysis of relevant Quebec legislation, the precautionary principle is examined as another possible avenue to justify State access to and use of genomic databases for research purposes or, for the management of a pandemic. Ongoing surveillance does not apply "to research and knowledge development activities carried out in the sector of health or social services in particular, by the Institut national de santé publique du Québec" (art. Our analysis of the pandemic influenza recommendations proposed by the World Health Organization, Canada and Quebec, all of which are important planning instruments, centers on the four principal functions of public health: monitoring, promotion, prevention and protection. abstract: Because many diseases are multifactorial disorders, the scientific progress in genomics and genetics should be taken into consideration in public health research. In this context, genomic databases will constitute an important source of information. Consequently, it is important to identify and characterize the State’s role and authority on matters related to public health, in order to verify whether it has access to such databases while engaging in public health genomic research. We first consider the evolution of the concept of public health, as well as its core functions, using a comparative approach (e.g. WHO, PAHO, CDC and the Canadian province of Quebec). Following an analysis of relevant Quebec legislation, the precautionary principle is examined as a possible avenue to justify State access to and use of genomic databases for research purposes. Finally, we consider the Influenza pandemic plans developed by WHO, Canada, and Quebec, as examples of key tools framing public health decision-making process. We observed that State powers in public health, are not, in Quebec, well adapted to the expansion of genomics research. We propose that the scope of the concept of research in public health should be clear and include the following characteristics: a commitment to the health and well-being of the population and to their determinants; the inclusion of both applied research and basic research; and, an appropriate model of governance (authorization, follow-up, consent, etc.). We also suggest that the strategic approach version of the precautionary principle could guide collective choices in these matters. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23113174/ doi: nan id: cord-337631-w4u6rcnv author: Crear-Perry, Joia title: Moving towards anti-racist praxis in medicine date: 2020-07-17 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32687809/ doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31543-9 id: cord-329313-tlbjw5kn author: Crilly, Philip title: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials of Telehealth and Digital Technology Use by Community Pharmacists to Improve Public Health date: 2020-08-04 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Community pharmacists (CPs) continue to have an important role in improving public health, however, advances in telehealth and digital technology mean that the methods by which they support their customers and patients are changing. The primary aim of this study was to identify which telehealth and digital technology tools are used by CPs for public health purposes and determine if these have a positive impact on public health outcomes. A systematic review was carried out using databases including PubMed and ScienceDirect, covering a time period from April 2005 until April 2020. The search criteria were the following: randomized controlled trials, published in English, investigating the delivery of public health services by community pharmacists using a telehealth or digital tool. Thirteen studies were included out of 719 initially identified. Nine studies detailed the use of telephone prompts or calls, one study detailed the use of a mobile health application, two studies detailed the use of a remote monitoring device, and one study detailed the use of photo-aging software. Public health topics that were addressed included vaccination uptake (n = 2), smoking cessation (n = 1), hypertension management (n = 2), and medication adherence and counseling (n = 8). More studies are needed to demonstrate whether or not the use of novel technology by CPs can improve public health. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32759850/ doi: 10.3390/pharmacy8030137 id: cord-022161-quns9b84 author: Cui, Shunji title: China in the Fight Against the Ebola Crisis: Human Security Perspectives date: 2018-09-02 words: 7848.0 sentences: 363.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-022161-quns9b84.txt txt: ./txt/cord-022161-quns9b84.txt summary: The crisis turned the global securitization of health issues into unprecedented levels, at the same time, aligned closely with human security frameworks and thus has significant impacts on national foreign and aid policies. After the August/September 2014 announcement by the WHO that Ebola was a ''public health emergency of international concern'' and the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) declaration that Ebola was a ''threat to international peace and security,'' many countries as well as international organizations, non-governmental organizations, companies and individuals participated in the fight against this unprecedented challenge to humanity. Of course, in the process of engaging in the global effort to fight Ebola, China did cooperate with many countries and international and regional organizations by providing financial support to the UN, the WHO and the AU, and assisting them in playing leading and coordinating roles. abstract: The outbreak of the Ebola virus disease (EVD) in West Africa became one of the worst disease-driven humanitarian crises in modern history. The crisis turned the global securitization of health issues into unprecedented levels, at the same time, aligned closely with human security frameworks and thus has significant impacts on national foreign and aid policies. China has played a significant role in the global fight against Ebola, indicating important changes in its foreign policy orientations. Based on the lessons drawn from China’s operation in Africa, it is argued that states must transcend their narrow national interest and seriously consider the dignity and well-being of vulnerable people. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7153452/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-95240-6_8 id: cord-344408-4ko557n1 author: Cunningham, Andrew A. title: One Health, emerging infectious diseases and wildlife: two decades of progress? date: 2017-07-19 words: 5977.0 sentences: 278.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344408-4ko557n1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344408-4ko557n1.txt summary: Around this time, emerging diseases were identified in a series of well-reported die-offs in wildlife, including canine distemper in African lions (Panthera leo) in the Serengeti, chytridiomycosis in amphibians globally, pilchard herpesvirus disease in Australasia and West Nile virus in corvids and other birds in New York [10 -13] . There are likely to be multiple causes of novel disease emergence, but the human-mediated transport of pathogens (often in infected hosts) or vectors across geographical or ecological boundaries, a process termed ''pathogen pollution'', has been identified as a major driver of this in wildlife [64] and also in plants [65] . salamandrivorans as a novel lethal fungus infecting and killing captive and wild salamanders in Europe [67, 85, 86] Challenges remain to understanding the wildlife origins of zoonotic EIDs. It is often difficult, time-consuming, logistically challenging and very expensive to identify the origins of newly emerged pathogens of humans. abstract: Infectious diseases affect people, domestic animals and wildlife alike, with many pathogens being able to infect multiple species. Fifty years ago, following the wide-scale manufacture and use of antibiotics and vaccines, it seemed that the battle against infections was being won for the human population. Since then, however, and in addition to increasing antimicrobial resistance among bacterial pathogens, there has been an increase in the emergence of, mostly viral, zoonotic diseases from wildlife, sometimes causing fatal outbreaks of epidemic proportions. Concurrently, infectious disease has been identified as an increasing threat to wildlife conservation. A synthesis published in 2000 showed common anthropogenic drivers of disease threats to biodiversity and human health, including encroachment and destruction of wildlife habitat and the human-assisted spread of pathogens. Almost two decades later, the situation has not changed and, despite improved knowledge of the underlying causes, little has been done at the policy level to address these threats. For the sake of public health and wellbeing, human-kind needs to work better to conserve nature and preserve the ecosystem services, including disease regulation, that biodiversity provides while also understanding and mitigating activities which lead to disease emergence. We consider that holistic, One Health approaches to the management and mitigation of the risks of emerging infectious diseases have the greatest chance of success. This article is part of the themed issue ‘One Health for a changing world: zoonoses, ecosystems and human well-being’. url: https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0167 doi: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0167 id: cord-254981-ztdhgxno author: Czernin, Johannes title: The Impact of COVID-19 on the Health-Care Workforce: from Heroes to Zeroes? date: 2020-08-17 words: 675.0 sentences: 46.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254981-ztdhgxno.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254981-ztdhgxno.txt summary: title: The Impact of COVID-19 on the Health-Care Workforce: from Heroes to Zeroes? Job losses will be most extensive and painful among the low-income and minority populations that also have the highest COVID-19-associated infection and mortality rates. The Memorial Sloan Kettering group concludes correctly that in the long run, ''''companies cannot save their way out of a crisis.'''' To succeed, health-care systems need to continue to grow and innovate to support job growth rather than contract. In the interim, because hospitals will be unable to maintain their workforce, governments need to step in to mitigate the devastating job losses in health care. The health-care economy needs a major bailout to ensure that hospitals remain solvent, that low-and medium-income workers are not losing their jobs and insurance, and that high-quality health care can be guaranteed. Hospitals and health systems face unprecedented financial pressures due to COVID-19 05-hospitals-and-health-systems-face-unprecedented-financial-pressures-due abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.120.251785 doi: 10.2967/jnumed.120.251785 id: cord-328888-qckn3lvx author: Cáceres, Sigfrido Burgos title: Global Health Security in an Era of Global Health Threats date: 2011-10-17 words: 1111.0 sentences: 69.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328888-qckn3lvx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328888-qckn3lvx.txt summary: For example, transboundary zoonotic diseases such as avian infl uenza (H5N1) infections affect animals and humans, thereby threatening health security worldwide because of their high death rates (≈60% in humans) (1) . This concern has provoked governments and international agencies to address health threats through a security rationale, which emphasizes the themes of national security, biosecurity, and human security. A public health security design that impinges on a global approach runs the risk of neglecting cultural, economic, ecologic, and social conditions on the ground. The momentum so far has created an open forum for decisionmakers to collaborate with the leading international agencies to advocate for surveillance, identifi cation, and control of zoonotic diseases to uphold global public health security (6). on their use of a school-based absenteeism surveillance system to compare daily all-causes absenteeism data against a historic baseline to detect outbreaks of infl uenza-like illness (ILI) as an adjunct to traditional disease reporting (1) . abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1710.101656 doi: 10.3201/eid1710.101656 id: cord-349911-dx8wvqkm author: Dahl, Viktor title: Communicable Diseases Prioritized According to Their Public Health Relevance, Sweden, 2013 date: 2015-09-23 words: 4092.0 sentences: 208.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349911-dx8wvqkm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349911-dx8wvqkm.txt summary: Ten pathogens in the highest priority group (Borrelia, calicivirus, Campylobacter, Echinococcus multilocularis, hepatitis C virus, HIV, respiratory syncytial virus, SARSand MERS coronavirus, tick-borne encephalitis virus and varicella-zoster virus) did not have any surveillance of typing results. The Public Health Agency of Sweden identified the need to use a structured method that takes relevant aspects into account in order to rationally prioritize between different pathogens when allocating resources for surveillance. The Robert Koch Institute invited ten senior external experts and ten internal experts and asked them to score the pathogens with -1, 0 or 1 for ten variables"Incidence", "Work and school absenteeism", "Health care utilization", "Chronicity of illness or sequelae", "Case fatality rate", "Proportion of events requiring public health actions", "Trend", "Public attention", "Prevention and Treatment possibilities") ( Table 1 ). We used a standardized procedure developed at the Robert Koch Institute to generate a list of pathogens prioritized for surveillance to be used by the Public Health Agency of Sweden. abstract: To establish strategic priorities for the Public Health Agency of Sweden we prioritized pathogens according to their public health relevance in Sweden in order to guide resource allocation. We then compared the outcome to ongoing surveillance. We used a modified prioritization method developed at the Robert Koch Institute in Germany. In a Delphi process experts scored pathogens according to ten variables. We ranked the pathogens according to the total score and divided them into four priority groups. We then compared the priority groups to self-reported time spent on surveillance by epidemiologists and ongoing programmes for surveillance through mandatory and/or voluntary notifications and for surveillance of typing results. 106 pathogens were scored. The result of the prioritization process was similar to the outcome of the prioritization in Germany. Common pathogens such as calicivirus and Influenza virus as well as blood-borne pathogens such as human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and C virus, gastro-intestinal infections such as Campylobacter and Salmonella and vector-borne pathogens such as Borrelia were all in the highest priority group. 63% of time spent by epidemiologists on surveillance was spent on pathogens in the highest priority group and all pathogens in the highest priority group, except for Borrelia and varicella-zoster virus, were under surveillance through notifications. Ten pathogens in the highest priority group (Borrelia, calicivirus, Campylobacter, Echinococcus multilocularis, hepatitis C virus, HIV, respiratory syncytial virus, SARS- and MERS coronavirus, tick-borne encephalitis virus and varicella-zoster virus) did not have any surveillance of typing results. We will evaluate the possibilities of surveillance for the pathogens in the highest priority group where we currently do not have any ongoing surveillance and evaluate the need of surveillance for the pathogens from the low priority group where there is ongoing surveillance in order to focus our work on the pathogens with the highest relevance. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0136353 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136353 id: cord-010513-7p07efxo author: Daniels, Norman title: Resource Allocation and Priority Setting date: 2015-08-31 words: 13439.0 sentences: 702.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-010513-7p07efxo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-010513-7p07efxo.txt summary: The cases in this chapter that discuss resource allocation force us to contemplate decisions about priorities in public health as opposed to the more frequently discussed medical issues about health care priorities. Specifi cally, some mental health conditions require signifi cant resources for what Medicaid terms as "behavioral management," which is seen as a social support service not a medical treatment . Public health decisions about resource allocation-judging from the cases on that topic in this volume-face reasonable ethical disagreement. Approved in 1993, health reform in Colombia was supposed to overcome problems such as low coverage, inequality in access and use of health care services, and ineffi ciency in the allocation and distribution of resources. Variability in the frameworks used to allocate public health resources illustrates the importance of refl ecting upon the value s that undergird policy decisions and individual practices, like critical care triage. abstract: There has been much discussion of resource allocation in medical systems, in the United States and elsewhere. In large part, the discussion is driven by rising costs and the resulting budget pressures felt by publicly funded systems and by both public and private components of mixed health systems. In some publicly funded systems, resource allocation is a pressing issue because resources expended on one disease or person cannot be spent on another disease or person. Some of the same concern arises in mixed medical systems with multiple funding sources. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7193709/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-23847-0_3 id: cord-309705-el5rembl author: Dantés, Héctor Gómez title: Prevention and control of Aedes transmitted infections in the post-pandemic scenario of COVID-19: challenges and opportunities for the region of the Americas date: 2020-08-05 words: 2688.0 sentences: 118.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309705-el5rembl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309705-el5rembl.txt summary: The occurrence of arboviral diseases with COVID-19 in the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region presents challenges and opportunities for strengthening health services, surveillance and control programs. The fear of contagion by COVID-19 is constraining people with arboviral diseases to search for care which can lead to an increase in serious cases and could disrupt the operation of vector-control programs due to the reluctance of residents to open their doors to health personnel. Despite having limited information on the direct impact on human health of the interaction of arboviral diseases with COVID-19, (12) it is essential that all efforts be made to protect populations at risk (13) since Aedes-transmitted diseases (ATDs) mainly affect vulnerable populations living in poor urban or rural areas and in houses with limited access to sewerage and drinking water services. Given the emergence of COVID-19, it is essential that countries commit to supporting this Plan of Action and strengthen their surveillance and control programs in an integrated way where new epidemiological circumstances are seen as challenges and opportunities and much less as disbeliefs or limitations. abstract: The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic challenges public health systems around the world. Tropical countries will face complex epidemiological scenarios involving the simultaneous transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with viruses transmitted by Aedes aegypti. The occurrence of arboviral diseases with COVID-19 in the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region presents challenges and opportunities for strengthening health services, surveillance and control programs. Financing of training, equipment and reconversion of hospital spaces will have a negative effect on already the limited resource directed to the health sector. The strengthening of the diagnostic infrastructure reappears as an opportunity for the national reference laboratories. Sharing of epidemiological information for the modeling of epidemiological scenarios allows collaboration between health, academic and scientific institutions. The fear of contagion by COVID-19 is constraining people with arboviral diseases to search for care which can lead to an increase in serious cases and could disrupt the operation of vector-control programs due to the reluctance of residents to open their doors to health personnel. Promoting intense community participation along with the incorporation of long lasting innovations in vector control offers new opportunities for control. The COVID-19 pandemic offers challenges and opportunities that must provoke positive behavioral changes and encourage more permanent self-care actions. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32785481/ doi: 10.1590/0074-02760200284 id: cord-010128-op36qshp author: Dar, Osman title: Tempering the risk: Rift Valley fever and bioterrorism date: 2013-03-26 words: 2113.0 sentences: 106.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-010128-op36qshp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-010128-op36qshp.txt summary: Such measures are likely to act as a disincentive amongst scientists wanting to study the virus and could ultimately serve to drive experts to dedicate their efforts to other pathogens with fewer working restrictions (Animal & Plant Health Inspection Service, Centre for Disease Control & Prevention 2005 , 2011 . The resulting monopolies on expert technical knowledge and skills not only delays progress in developing new therapies The potential risks of RVFV to animal health are indeed significant and so the deliberate release of the agent would have indirect health effects on human populations through the destruction of the livestock industry in particular. RVFV with its low mortality and relatively low human-to-Box 1: US CDC and NIAID categorisation of bioterrorism agents and biodefense priority pathogens. Category A pathogens are those organisms/biological agents that pose the highest risk to national security and public health because they • Can be easily disseminated or transmitted from person to person; abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7169811/ doi: 10.1111/tmi.12108 id: cord-264233-0nyzwb44 author: Das, Nileswar title: Pandemic, panic, and psychiatrists - what should be done before, during, and after COVID-19? date: 2020-06-15 words: 1308.0 sentences: 93.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264233-0nyzwb44.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264233-0nyzwb44.txt summary: Not only individuals with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 but several other vulnerable groups (e.g. health care workers, persons with mental illness etc.), despite remaining uninfected, will continue to suffer from psychological infirmity.  Public awarenessproviding the right health information is vital during this time of crisis -(i) to address hand hygiene and safe physical distancing, (ii) to reduce panic J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f shopping and hoarding of medical equipment (e.g. masks, hand-sanitizer, antibiotics), (iii) to follow the national lockdown to avoid widespread community transmission, (iv) to maintain adequate mental and physical wellbeing and (v) misinformation restriction to avoid chaotic and stressed environments in the country (Bhatia, 2020) , (Sharma et al., 2020) . Psychiatrists and other mental health professionals need to step up, utilizing ''all-out'' resources to prevent a post-COVID-19 mental-illness pandemic. The Mental Health Consequences of COVID-19 and Physical Distancing: The Need for Prevention and Early Intervention abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102206 doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102206 id: cord-338664-wvsc94qv author: Davalbhakta, S. title: Private Health Sector in India: Ready and willing, yet underutilized in the Covid-19 pandemic. date: 2020-06-12 words: 2653.0 sentences: 181.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338664-wvsc94qv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338664-wvsc94qv.txt summary: Not surprisingly, countries ahead of us on the pandemic curve have recognized the need to utilize all available healthcare resources, forging partnerships between public and private healthcare sectors. 15, 16 The present survey was conducted to explore the opinions and preparedness of healthcare workers (HCWs) in the private sector, on public-private partnerships (PPP) to provide a sustained, uninterrupted healthcare response in the face of the current pandemic. An online survey was conducted in April 2020, and a pre-tested, content validated questionnaire was circulated over WhatsApp® groups of healthcare professionals (doctors, nurses, technicians, students and administrators amounting to nearly 2000 individuals) in the private hospitals across India. In our e-survey assessing the opinions and readiness of HCWs in the private healthcare sector, we found that participants felt that they had not contributed enough and were positively inclined to participate in the pandemic response. abstract: Background: The private medical sector is a resource that must be estimated for efficient inclusion into public healthcare during pandemics. Methods: A survey was conducted among private healthcare workers to ascertain their views on the potential resources that can be accessed from the private sector and methods to do the same. Results: There were 213 respondents, 80% of them being doctors. Nearly half (47.4%) felt that the contribution from the private medical sector has been suboptimal. Areas suggested for improved contributions by the private sector related to patient care (71.8%) and provision of equipment (62.4%), with fewer expectations (39.9%) on the research front. Another area of deemed support was maintaining continuity of care for non-COVID patients using virtual consultation services (77.4%), tele-consultation being the preferred option (60%). 58.2% felt that the Government had not involved the private sector adequately; and 45.1% felt they should be part of policy-making. Conclusion: A streamlined pathway to facilitate the private sector to join hands with the public sector for a national cause is the need of the hour. Through our study, we have identified gaps in the current contribution by the private sector and identified areas in which they could contribute, by their own admission. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.09.20126086 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.09.20126086 id: cord-288392-khjo6j8u author: Davern, Melanie title: How Can the Lived Environment Support Healthy Ageing? A Spatial Indicators Framework for the Assessment of Age-Friendly Communities date: 2020-10-21 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The Age-Friendly Cities and Communities Guide was released by the World Health Organization over a decade ago with the aim of creating environments that support healthy ageing. The comprehensive framework includes the domains of outdoor spaces and buildings, transportation, housing, social participation, respect and inclusion, civic participation and employment, communication and information, and community and health services. A major critique of the age-friendly community movement has argued for a more clearly defined scope of actions, the need to measure or quantify results and increase the connections to policy and funding levers. This paper provides a quantifiable spatial indicators framework to assess local lived environments according to each Age-Friendly Cities and Communities (AFC) domain. The selection of these AFC spatial indicators can be applied within local neighbourhoods, census tracts, suburbs, municipalities, or cities with minimal resource requirements other than applied spatial analysis, which addresses past critiques of the Age-Friendly Community movement. The framework has great potential for applications within local, national, and international policy and planning contexts in the future. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207685 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17207685 id: cord-011282-hgzneooy author: David, Yadin title: Evidence-based impact by clinical engineers on global patients outcomes date: 2019-07-02 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The intersection of technological changes and societal evolution has transformed every aspect of human life. Technological advancements are transforming how healthcare knowledge is expanding and accelerating the outreach of critical medical services delivery (Jamal et al. in Health Information Management Journal 38(3):26–37, 2009). While this transformation facilitates new opportunities simultaneously it also introduces challenges (Jacobzone and Oxley, 2001). Appropriate Health Technology (HT) is vital to new and existing global health care programs. Therefore, qualified professionals who can safely guide the development, evaluation, installation, integration, performance assurance, and risk mitigation of HT must be in position to lead. Trained Clinical Engineers (CE) and Biomedical Engineers (BE) have been recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the essential practitioners to providing this critically needed guidance. Over the past four years, a senior professional group participated in an international project that seeks evidence for the hypothesis - that the engagement of CE and BE in guiding HT - impacts positively on patient outcomes, while the alternative is that there is no difference. The group collected published data that was subjected to peer review screening; additional data qualification conditions are described in this paper. The project was initiated at the Global CE Summit during the first International Clinical Engineering and Health Technology Management Congress (ICEHTMC) in Hangzhou, China in October 2015 (Global Clinical Engineering Summit at the First International Clinical Engineering and Health Technology Management Congress, 2015). Following the adoption of a resolution to investigate CE contributions to the improvement of world health status, an international survey and literature survey were initiated. During the first two years of this project 150 case studies from 90 countries were identified covering the previous ten years. The results of this survey were presented to health leaders at the World Health Organization (WHO) World Health Assembly in 2016. Last year, 250 case studies were added including 35 more countries covering the 2016–2017 period. The combined project contains 400 qualified submissions from 125 countries. The conclusion was that engagement of CE and BME is critical for successful investment in HT and for achieving intended patient outcomes. This paper describes the project’s plan, the results of the literature review performed, and the evidence identified during the process. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7223964/ doi: 10.1007/s12553-019-00345-0 id: cord-001506-2gzi3fo9 author: Davies, Jane title: “Only your blood can tell the story” – a qualitative research study using semi- structured interviews to explore the hepatitis B related knowledge, perceptions and experiences of remote dwelling Indigenous Australians and their health care providers in northern Australia date: 2014-11-28 words: 7641.0 sentences: 317.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-001506-2gzi3fo9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-001506-2gzi3fo9.txt summary: title: "Only your blood can tell the story" – a qualitative research study using semistructured interviews to explore the hepatitis B related knowledge, perceptions and experiences of remote dwelling Indigenous Australians and their health care providers in northern Australia The aim of this research project was to explore the knowledge, perceptions and experiences of remote dwelling Indigenous adults and their health care providers relating to hepatitis B infection with a view to using this as the evidence base to develop a culturally appropriate educational tool. All participants were shown two existing resources; an animation about the liver and its function (chosen as it was part of an electronic education package targeted at Indigenous Australians) and a flip chart, (developed in Victoria, Australia, intended for use in the clinic setting and aimed mainly at Asian individuals) about hepatitis B and asked to comment on them as a way of generating ideas/preferences for any future educational tool. abstract: BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B is endemic in the Indigenous communities of the Northern Territory of Australia and significantly contributes to liver-related morbidity and mortality. It is recognised that low health literacy levels, different worldviews and English as a second language all contribute to the difficulties health workers often have in explaining biomedical health concepts, relevant to hepatitis B infection, to patients. The aim of this research project was to explore the knowledge, perceptions and experiences of remote dwelling Indigenous adults and their health care providers relating to hepatitis B infection with a view to using this as the evidence base to develop a culturally appropriate educational tool. METHODS: The impetus for this project came from health clinic staff at a remote community in Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory, in partnership with a visiting specialist liver clinic from the Royal Darwin Hospital. Participants were clinic patients with hepatitis B (n = 12), community members (n = 9) and key informants (n = 13); 25 were Indigenous individuals. A participatory action research project design was used with purposive sampling to identify participants. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken to explore: current understanding of hepatitis B, desire for knowledge, and perspectives on how people could acquire the information needed. All individuals were offered the use of an interpreter. The data were examined using deductive and inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS: Low levels of biomedical knowledge about Hepatitis B, negative perceptions of Hepatitis B, communication (particularly language) and culture were the major themes that emerged from the data. Accurate concepts grounded in Indigenous culture such as “only your blood can tell the story” were present but accompanied by a feeling of disempowerment due to perceived lack of “medical” understanding, and informed partnerships between caregiver and patient. Culturally appropriate discussions in a patient’s first language using visual aids were identified as vital to improving communication. CONCLUSIONS: Having an educational tool in Indigenous patient’s first language is crucial in developing treatment partnerships for Indigenous patients with hepatitis B. Using a culturally appropriate worldview as the foundation for development should help to reduce disempowerment and improve health literacy. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4289355/ doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-1233 id: cord-017733-xofwk88a author: Davis, Mark title: Uncertainty and Immunity in Public Communications on Pandemics date: 2018-11-04 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: This chapter examines uncertainty in the expert advice on pandemics given to members of the general public. The chapter draws on research conducted in Australia and Scotland on public engagements with the 2009 influenza (swine flu) pandemic and discusses implications for communications on more recent infectious disease outbreaks, including Ebola and Zika. It shows how public health messages aim to achieve a workable balance of warning and reassurance and deflect problems of trust in experts and science. The chapter considers how uncertainties which prevail in pandemics reinforce the personalization of responses to pandemic risk, in ways that undermine the cooperation and collective action which are also needed to respond effectively to pandemics. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7122379/ doi: 10.1007/978-981-13-2802-2_3 id: cord-001634-mi5gcfcw author: Davis, Mark D M title: Beyond resistance: social factors in the general public response to pandemic influenza date: 2015-04-29 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: Influencing the general public response to pandemics is a public health priority. There is a prevailing view, however, that the general public is resistant to communications on pandemic influenza and that behavioural responses to the 2009/10 H1N1 pandemic were not sufficient. Using qualitative methods, this paper investigates how members of the general public respond to pandemic influenza and the hygiene, social isolation and other measures proposed by public health. Going beyond the commonly deployed notion that the general public is resistant to public health communications, this paper examines how health individualism, gender and real world constraints enable and limit individual action. METHODS: In-depth interviews (n = 57) and focus groups (ten focus groups; 59 individuals) were conducted with community samples in Melbourne, Sydney and Glasgow. Participants were selected according to maximum variation sampling using purposive criteria, including: 1) pregnancy in 2009/2010; 2) chronic illness; 3) aged 70 years and over; 4) no disclosed health problems. Verbatim transcripts were subjected to inductive, thematic analysis. RESULTS: Respondents did not express resistance to public health communications, but gave insight into how they interpreted and implemented guidance. An individualistic approach to pandemic risk predominated. The uptake of hygiene, social isolation and vaccine strategies was constrained by seeing oneself ‘at risk’ but not ‘a risk’ to others. Gender norms shape how members of the general public enact hygiene and social isolation. Other challenges pertained to over-reliance on perceived remoteness from risk, expectation of recovery from infection and practical constraints on the uptake of vaccination. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, respondents were engaged with public health advice regarding pandemic influenza, indicating that the idea of public resistance has limited explanatory power. Public communications are endorsed, but challenges persist. Individualistic approaches to pandemic risk inhibit acting for the benefit of others and may deepen divisions in the community according to health status. Public communications on pandemics are mediated by gender norms that may overburden women and limit the action of men. Social research on the public response to pandemics needs to focus on the social structures and real world settings and relationships that shape the action of individuals. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4419473/ doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-1756-8 id: cord-319853-jr8x5emx author: De Castro, Leonardo title: A fair allocation approach to the ethics of scarce resources in the context of a pandemic: The need to prioritize the worst‐off in the Philippines date: 2020-09-23 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Using a fair allocation approach, this paper identifies and examines important concerns arising from the Philippines’ COVID‐19 response while focusing on difficulties encountered by various sectors in gaining fair access to needed societal resources. The effectiveness of different response measures is anchored on addressing inequities that have permeated Philippine society for a long time. Since most measures that are in place as part of the COVID‐19 response are meant to be temporary, these are unable to resolve the inequities that have led to the magnitude of morbidity and mortality associated with the pandemic. These cannot improve the country’s readiness to deal with pandemics and other emergencies in the future. Transition to a new normal recognizes the possibility that other infectious diseases could come and endanger our health security. Our pandemic experiences are proving that having an egalitarian society will serve the interests not only of disadvantaged sectors but also of everybody else, including the privileged. Response measures should thus take the opportunity to promote equity by giving importance to the concerns of the underprivileged and vulnerable while giving preference to initiatives that can be sustained beyond the period of the current pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32965788/ doi: 10.1111/dewb.12293 id: cord-268040-6i0bmnee author: Dean, Elizabeth title: Translating COVID-19 Evidence to Maximize Physical Therapists’ Impact and Public Health Response date: 2020-06-26 words: 2047.0 sentences: 119.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268040-6i0bmnee.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268040-6i0bmnee.txt summary: Physical therapists need to redouble their efforts to address NCDs by assessing patients for risk factors and manifestations and institute evidence-based health education (smoking cessation, whole-food plant-based nutrition, weight control, physical activity/exercise), and/or support patients'' efforts when these are managed by other professionals. This being the era of NCDs, 46 physical therapists have long been urged to exploit lifestyle and behavioral medicine competencies, 47 to reverse NCDs and their risk factors, eg, atherosclerosis, smoking, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, often within days or weeks, and atherosclerosis within one year or more. Consistent with the recent report of the Lancet EAT Commission, 57 the American College of Lifestyle Medicine advocates a whole-food plant-based nutrition to maximize health, prevent disease particularly NCDs, reverse these conditions, and reduce disability, premature death and socioeconomic burdens associated with them. Prevention and outcome of COVID-19 could be substantially impacted with exploitation of non-invasive strategies including health and lifestyle education and exercise, that are subsumed within contemporary physical therapist practice. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has sounded alarm bells throughout global health systems. Late May, 2020, over 100,000 COVID-19 related deaths were reported in the United State, the highest number of any country. This article describes COVID-19 as the next historical turning point in the physical therapy profession’s growth and development. The profession has had over a 100-year tradition of responding to epidemics including poliomyelitis; two world wars and geographical regions experiencing conflicts and natural disasters; and the epidemic of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). The evidence-based role of non-invasive interventions (non-pharmacologic/non-surgical) that hallmark physical therapist practice has emerged as being highly relevant today in addressing COVID-19 in two primary ways. First, despite some unique features, COVID-19 presents as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in its severe acute stage. ARDS is well familiar to physical therapists in intensive care units. Body positioning and mobilization, prescribed based on comprehensive assessments/examinations, counter the negative sequelae of recumbency and bedrest; augment gas exchange and reduce airway closure, deconditioning and critical illness complications; and maximize long-term functional outcomes. Physical therapists have an indisputable role across the COVID-19 care continuum. Second, over 90% of individuals who contract and die from COVID-19 have co-morbidities, most notably cardiovascular disease, hypertension, chronic lung disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and obesity. Physical therapists need to redouble their efforts to address NCDs by assessing patients for risk factors and manifestations and institute evidence-based health education (smoking cessation, whole-food plant-based nutrition, weight control, physical activity/exercise), and/or support patients’ efforts when these are managed by other professionals. Effective health education is a core competency for addressing risk of COVID-19 as well as NCDs. COVID-19 is a wake-up call to the profession, an opportunity to assert its role throughout the COVID-19 care continuum and augment public health initiatives by reducing the impact of the current pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzaa115 doi: 10.1093/ptj/pzaa115 id: cord-352546-w3catjj3 author: Degeling, Chris title: Implementing a One Health approach to emerging infectious disease: reflections on the socio-political, ethical and legal dimensions date: 2015-12-29 words: 7688.0 sentences: 355.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352546-w3catjj3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352546-w3catjj3.txt summary: The effective control and prevention of EIDs therefore requires: (i) social science research to improve understanding of how EID threats and responses play out; (ii) the development of an analytic framework that catalogues case experiences with EIDs, reflects their dynamic nature and promotes inter-sectoral collaboration and knowledge synthesis; (iii) genuine public engagement processes that promote transparency, education and capture people''s preferences; (iv) a set of practical principles and values that integrate ethics into decision-making procedures, against which policies and public health responses can be assessed; (v) integration of the analytic framework and the statement of principles and values outlined above; and (vi) a focus on genuine reform rather than rhetoric. In particular we focused on materials pertaining to the social, political and ethical consequences of responses to the risks posed to human health and wellbeing by Hendra virus [HeV], Nipah virus [NiV] and Rabies virus [RbV] in Australasia, and compared them with international responses to canonical examples of pandemic and food borne zoonoses severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) [17] and bovine spongiform encephalitis/variant Creutzfeldt Jacob disease (BSE/vCJD), respectively. abstract: BACKGROUND: ‘One Health’ represents a call for health researchers and practitioners at the human, animal and environmental interfaces to work together to mitigate the risks of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases (EIDs). A One Health approach emphasizing inter-disciplinary co-operation is increasingly seen as necessary for effective EID control and prevention. There are, however, socio-political, ethical and legal challenges, which must be met by such a One Health approach. DISCUSSION: Based on the philosophical review and critical analysis of scholarship around the theory and practice of One Health it is clear that EID events are not simply about pathogens jumping species barriers; they are comprised of complex and contingent sets of relations that involve socioeconomic and socio-political drivers and consequences with the latter extending beyond the impact of the disease. Therefore, the effectiveness of policies based on One Health depends on their implementation and alignment with or modification of public values. SUMMARY: Despite its strong motivating rationale, implementing a One Health approach in an integrated and considered manner can be challenging, especially in the face of a perceived crisis. The effective control and prevention of EIDs therefore requires: (i) social science research to improve understanding of how EID threats and responses play out; (ii) the development of an analytic framework that catalogues case experiences with EIDs, reflects their dynamic nature and promotes inter-sectoral collaboration and knowledge synthesis; (iii) genuine public engagement processes that promote transparency, education and capture people’s preferences; (iv) a set of practical principles and values that integrate ethics into decision-making procedures, against which policies and public health responses can be assessed; (v) integration of the analytic framework and the statement of principles and values outlined above; and (vi) a focus on genuine reform rather than rhetoric. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-2617-1 doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-2617-1 id: cord-258033-luk4cme2 author: Delamater, Alan M title: Introduction to the special series: translating behavioral medicine research to prevent and control the spread of COVID-19 date: 2020-09-21 words: 1377.0 sentences: 66.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258033-luk4cme2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258033-luk4cme2.txt summary: authors: Delamater, Alan M; Miller, Suzanne M; Bowen, Deborah J; Diefenbach, Michael A; Tercyak, Kenneth P title: Introduction to the special series: translating behavioral medicine research to prevent and control the spread of COVID-19 Introduction to the special series: translating behavioral medicine research to prevent and control the spread of COVID-19 Based on the evidence and theories of health behavior change accumulated over many decades of research, together we can help provide messages to individuals that do not create fear but also do not create complacency. The previous issue of Translational Behavioral Medicine was headed by an editorial concerning the importance of social support in coping with pandemic stress [1] , as well as a commentary providing recommendations for COVID-19-related research and policy, particularly as it pertains to underserved populations [2] . Controlling the COVID-19 pandemic surely requires both policy-level intervention and individual behavior change alike. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32955096/ doi: 10.1093/tbm/ibaa093 id: cord-002885-dhdyxnr3 author: Den Boon, Saskia title: Incorporating health workers’ perspectives into a WHO guideline on personal protective equipment developed during an Ebola virus disease outbreak date: 2018-03-09 words: 8410.0 sentences: 400.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-002885-dhdyxnr3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-002885-dhdyxnr3.txt summary: The objective of this study was to understand frontline physicians'' and nurses'' perspectives about personal protective equipment (PPE) use during the 2014-2016 EVD outbreak in West Africa and to incorporate these findings into the development process of a WHO rapid advice guideline. The specific objectives were to understand and describe frontline physician and nurses'' perspectives about PPE use, while providing direct care for EVD patients in the unprecedented conditions of the 2014-2016 EVD outbreak in West Africa and to incorporate these findings into the rapid advice guideline development process. The findings of the survey were presented at the guideline development meeting and incorporated into evidence-to-decision tables (Supplementary File 2) to inform the formulation of recommendations for PPE components in the context of an EVD outbreak. We developed the study protocol, obtained WHO ethics approval, contacted the participants, delivered the survey, analysed the data, and presented the findings as part of the evidence-to-decision tables at the expert panel meeting where the recommendations were formulated in a period of 8 weeks. abstract: Background: Ebola virus disease (EVD) health facility transmission can result in infection and death of health workers. The World Health Organization (WHO) supports countries in preparing for and responding to public health emergencies, which often require developing new guidance in short timelines with scarce evidence. The objective of this study was to understand frontline physicians’ and nurses’ perspectives about personal protective equipment (PPE) use during the 2014-2016 EVD outbreak in West Africa and to incorporate these findings into the development process of a WHO rapid advice guideline. Methods : We surveyed frontline physicians and nurses deployed to West Africa between March and September of 2014. Results: We developed the protocol, obtained ethics approval, delivered the survey, analysed the data and presented the findings as part of the evidence-to-decision tables at the expert panel meeting where the recommendations were formulated within eight weeks. Forty-four physicians and nurses responded to the survey. They generally felt at low or extremely low risk of virus transmission with all types of PPE used. Eye protection reduced the ability to provide care, mainly due to impaired visibility because of fogging. Heat and dehydration were a major issue for 76% of the participants using goggles and for 64% using a hood. Both gowns and coveralls were associated with significant heat stress and dehydration. Most participants (59%) were very confident that they were using PPE correctly. Conclusion : Our study demonstrated that it was possible to incorporate primary data on end-users’ preferences into a rapid advice guideline for a public health emergency in difficult field conditions. Health workers perceived a balance between transmission protection and ability to care for patients effectively while wearing PPE. These findings were used by the guideline development expert panel to formulate WHO recommendations on PPE for frontline providers caring for EVD patients in outbreak conditions. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5820616/ doi: 10.12688/f1000research.12922.2 id: cord-332173-m38sr6oc author: Denburg, Avram E. title: Does moral reasoning influence public values for health care priority setting?: A population-based randomized stated preference survey date: 2020-05-13 words: 7741.0 sentences: 390.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332173-m38sr6oc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332173-m38sr6oc.txt summary: Relatedly, a limited body of evidence points to the impact of embedded moral reasoning on attenuated public preference for the young, suggesting that deliberation on a range of ethical principles can influence stated preferences for allocating resources based on age (10) . In keeping with much of the prior literature on age-based resource allocation, we expected that control group participants would display an aggregate mean preference for allocation to children, particularly in scenarios where theoretical QALY gains were largest (i.e. cancer treatment and eating disorders therapy). We further hypothesized that participants in the intervention arm would display stronger aggregate preference for children across all the clinical scenarios tested, regardless of the duration of life years gained, as a result of their access to a varied palette of ethical principles by which to justify preferential allocation to children, including vulnerability, dependency, potential, and social distinction. abstract: OBJECTIVE: Preferences of members of the public are recognized as important inputs into health care priority-setting, though knowledge of such preferences is scant. We sought to generate evidence of public preferences related to healthcare resource allocation among adults and children. METHODS: We conducted an experimental stated preference survey in a national sample of Canadian adults. Preferences were elicited across a range of scenarios and scored on a visual analogue scale. Intervention group participants were randomized to a moral reasoning exercise prior to each choice task. The main outcomes were the differences in mean preference scores by group, scenario, and demographics. RESULTS: Our results demonstrate a consistent preference by participants to allocate scarce health system resources to children. Exposure to the moral reasoning exercise weakened but did not eliminate this preference. Younger respondent age and parenthood were associated with greater preference for children. The top principles guiding participants’ allocative decisions were treat equally, relieve suffering, and rescue those at risk of dying. CONCLUSIONS: Our study affirms the relevance of age in public preferences for the allocation of scarce health care resources, demonstrating a significant preference by participants to allocate healthcare resources to children. However, this preference diminishes when challenged by exposure to a range of moral principles, revealing a strong public endorsement of equality of access. Definitions of value in healthcare based on clinical benefit and cost-effectiveness may exclude moral considerations that the public values, such as equality and humanitarianism, highlighting opportunities to enrich healthcare priority-setting through public engagement. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2020.04.007 doi: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2020.04.007 id: cord-299797-s1zdmf2u author: Dettori, Marco title: Environmental Risks Perception Among Citizens Living Near Industrial Plants: A Cross-Sectional Study date: 2020-07-06 words: 4989.0 sentences: 254.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299797-s1zdmf2u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299797-s1zdmf2u.txt summary: The present work is a cross-sectional study aimed at assessing the risk perception and evaluating the community outrage linked to environmental factors among a self-selected sample of citizens living in an area characterized by the presence of industrial structures of high emotional impact. The growing awareness of the health impacts caused by the alteration of environmental conditions by anthropic activities, such as industrial expansion near urban areas, atmospheric pollution, and climate change, plays a key role in the judgment and acceptability of the risks related to environmental Owing to its insularity, the region lends itself very well to observational investigations and represents an excellent test case in relation to the reported social dynamics. The full questionnaire is shown in Tables 2 and 3 (Results Section): Table 2 reports 6 questions related to the respondents'' general information; Table 3 shows 8 questions (numbers 7 to 14) related to health concerns and risk perceptions, together with their close-ended answers. abstract: The present work is a cross-sectional study aimed at assessing the risk perception and evaluating the community outrage linked to environmental factors among a self-selected sample of citizens living in an area characterized by the presence of industrial structures of high emotional impact. An anonymous questionnaire was administered to the population by publishing a Google form URL code in local and regional newspapers and via social media. The resulting data were entered on Excel and analyzed. Qualitative variables were summarized with absolute and relative (percentage) frequencies. The results showed that the event that causes the greatest worry was air pollution, with 92.6% of the respondents stating that they perceived the problem as “very” or “quite” worrying. Furthermore, all the health problems investigated in relation to environmental quality aroused concern among the interviewees, with 93.1% believing there was a cause-effect relationship between environmental quality and health. Overall, as other studies had previously underlined, the survey shows that the perceived risks are not always in line with the real ones, Thus, it is imperative to articulate interventions aimed at offering the population objective tools to enable them to interpret the risks themselves. In this regard, a fundamental role is played by adequate communication between the competent bodies and political decision-makers and the population. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134870 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17134870 id: cord-023713-daz2vokz author: Devereux, Graham title: Epidemiology of Asthma and Allergic Airway Diseases date: 2013-09-06 words: 27880.0 sentences: 1480.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-023713-daz2vokz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-023713-daz2vokz.txt summary: A systematic review and metaanalysis of the longitudinal studies relating maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy to childhood outcomes concluded that high maternal dietary vitamin D intake is associated with a reduced risk of children wheezing up to the age of 5 years (OR = 0.56; 95% CI, 0.42 to 0.73). The Dutch Prevention and Incidence of Asthma and Mite allergy (PIAMA) birth cohort study related symptom data prospectively collected annually from 3863 children up to the age of 8 years to land-use regression estimates of individual NO 2 , PM 2.5 , and soot exposures at their birth addresses. 327 A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective birth cohort studies evaluating the effects of allergen (i.e., HDM or dietary) avoidance during pregnancy concluded that early-life allergen avoidance in isolation does not reduce the likelihood of asthma in children at age 5 years (OR = 1.22; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.78). abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7173512/ doi: 10.1016/b978-0-323-08593-9.00049-8 id: cord-327063-ea7a1xfl author: Dhama, Kuldeep title: SARS-CoV-2 jumping the species barrier: zoonotic lessons from SARS, MERS and recent advances to combat this pandemic virus date: 2020-08-02 words: 11048.0 sentences: 600.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327063-ea7a1xfl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327063-ea7a1xfl.txt summary: The present review presents a comprehensive overview of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2, with emphasis on the role of animals and their jumping the cross-species barriers, experiences learned from SARSand MERS-CoVs, zoonotic links, and spillover events, transmission to humans and rapid spread, and highlights the new advances in diagnosis, vaccine and therapies, preventive and control measures, one health concept along with recent research developments to counter this pandemic disease. Further research exploring the SARS-CoV-2 associated zoonosis and mechanisms accounting for its initial transmission from animals to humans, will lead to sort out the spread of this virus as well as design and develop appropriate prevention and control strategies to counter COVID-19. The present comprehensive manuscript presents an overview on COVID-19, an emerging SARS-CoV-2 infectious disease while focusing mainly on the events and circumstantial evidences with regards to this virus jumping the species barriers, sharing a few lessons learned from SARS-and MERS-CoVs, zoonotic spillover events (zoonosis), acquiring transmission ability to infect humans, and adopting appropriate preventive and control measures [42] . abstract: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - Coronavirus-2) of the family Coronaviridae, appeared in China in December 2019. This disease was declared as posing Public Health International Emergency by World Health Organization on January 30, 2020, attained the status of a very high-risk category on February 29, and now having a pandemic status (March 11). COVID-19 has presently spread to more than 215 countries/territories while killing nearly 0.62 million humans out of cumulative confirmed infected asymptomatic or symptomatic cases accounting to almost 15 million as of July 22, 2020, within a short period of just a few months. Researchers worldwide are pacing with high efforts to counter the spread of this virus and to design effective vaccines and therapeutics/drugs. Few of the studies have shown the potential of the animal-human interface and zoonotic links in the origin of SARS-CoV-2. Exploring the possible zoonosis and revealing the factors responsible for its initial transmission from animals to humans will pave ways to design and implement effective preventive and control strategies to counter the COVID-19. The present review presents a comprehensive overview of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2, with emphasis on the role of animals and their jumping the cross-species barriers, experiences learned from SARS- and MERS-CoVs, zoonotic links, and spillover events, transmission to humans and rapid spread, and highlights the new advances in diagnosis, vaccine and therapies, preventive and control measures, one health concept along with recent research developments to counter this pandemic disease. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1477893920303264 doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101830 id: cord-024933-vddwzeew author: Dhesi, Surindar title: The Developing Role of Evidence-Based Environmental Health: Perceptions, Experiences, and Understandings From the Front Line date: 2015-10-26 words: 7120.0 sentences: 323.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-024933-vddwzeew.txt txt: ./txt/cord-024933-vddwzeew.txt summary: This qualitative research has revealed differences in the perceptions, experiences, and understandings of evidence-based practice among public health professionals from different backgrounds across different services in health care and local government in England. This has, at times, resulted in tensions between professionals with different backgrounds and frustration on the part of environmental health practitioners, who have a tradition of responding quickly to new challenges and "getting on with the job." There is generally a willingness to develop evidence-based practice in environmental health; however, this will take time and investment. This article presents the findings of empirical research exploring EH practitioners'' perceptions, and the challenges faced, around the adoption and use of evidence-based practice in the new English public health system. The evidence relating to the social determinants of health necessarily comprises a range of factors, including information and analysis, surveillance, research, evaluation, local knowledge, and good practice (i.e., what works, and why), and Rehfuess and Bartram (2014) note the value of systematic reviews here. abstract: There has been renewed recognition that proactive strategies and interventions can address the social determinants of health, and the environmental health profession is well placed to effect positive change in many of these determinants. This qualitative research has revealed differences in the perceptions, experiences, and understandings of evidence-based practice among public health professionals from different backgrounds across different services in health care and local government in England. The absence of a strong tradition of evidence-based practice in environmental health appears to be a disadvantage in securing funding and playing a full role, as it has become the expectation in the new public health system. This has, at times, resulted in tensions between professionals with different backgrounds and frustration on the part of environmental health practitioners, who have a tradition of responding quickly to new challenges and “getting on with the job.” There is generally a willingness to develop evidence-based practice in environmental health; however, this will take time and investment. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7233299/ doi: 10.1177/2158244015611711 id: cord-342841-b1rucgmg author: Di Carlo, Francesco title: Telepsychiatry and other cutting edge technologies in Covid‐19 pandemic: bridging the distance in mental health assistance date: 2020-09-18 words: 5256.0 sentences: 272.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-342841-b1rucgmg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342841-b1rucgmg.txt summary: Zohu et al (2020) reported that the decrease of hospital visits led to a reduction of routine psychiatric care for many patients with mental disorders in China, during the COVID-19 outbreak. Telemental health services can be particularly useful and appropriate for the support of both patients and health care workers during this pandemic, allowing providing assistance and care to those who need it by reducing the risk of infection. Patients with depressive disorders have been shown to benefit from TP, as reported by several studies in which patients'' symptoms improved more in the telemental health group than in the traditional setting ones. Evidence from several studies has underlined that the use of TP for delivering mental healthcare services can improve symptoms of depression among older adults. During this pandemic period several Authors all over the world underlined the need to promote online mental health care services and encourage their use [13, 63, 64] . abstract: At the end of 2019 a novel coronavirus (COVID‐19) was identified in China. The high potential of human to human transmission led to subsequent COVID‐19 global pandemic. Public health strategies including reduced social contact and lockdown have been adopted in many countries. Nonetheless, social distancing and isolation could also represent risk factors for mental disorders, resulting in loneliness, reduced social support and under‐detection of mental health needs. Along with this, social distancing determines a relevant obstacle for direct access to psychiatric care services. The pandemic generates the urgent need for integrating technology into innovative models of mental healthcare. In this paper we discuss the potential role of telepsychiatry and other cutting‐edge technologies in the management of mental health assistance. We narratively review the literature to examine advantages and risks related to the extensive application of these new therapeutic settings, along with the possible limitations and ethical concerns. Telemental health services may be particularly feasible and appropriate for the support of patients, family members and health‐care providers during this COVID‐19 pandemic. The integration of telepsychiatry with other technological innovations (e.g., mobile apps, virtual reality, big data and artificial intelligence) opens up interesting future perspectives for the improvement of mental health assistance. Telepsychiatry is a promising and growing way to deliver mental health services but is still underused. The COVID‐19 pandemic may serve as an opportunity to introduce and promote, among numerous mental health professionals, the knowledge of the possibilities offered by the digital era. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32946641/ doi: 10.1111/ijcp.13716 id: cord-026999-r8teblhs author: DiBenigno, Julia title: Structuring mental health support for frontline caregivers during COVID-19: lessons from organisational scholarship on unit-aligned support date: 2020-06-02 words: 4057.0 sentences: 167.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-026999-r8teblhs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-026999-r8teblhs.txt summary: Findings To address these pervasive goal and identity conflicts in professional organisations, we translate the results of a multiyear research study examining the US Army''s efforts to transform its mental health support during the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. We describe how an intentional organisational design used by the US Army that assigned specific mental health personnel to frontline units helped to mitigate professional goal and identity conflicts by creating personalised relationships and contextualising mental health offerings. We describe how an intentional organisational design used by the US Army that assigned specific mental health personnel to frontline units helped to mitigate professional goal and identity conflicts by creating personalised relationships and contextualising mental health offerings. Third, we discuss the implications of the Army study for healthcare organisations and highlight the potential for skilful organisational design to help address goal and identity conflicts by assigning mental health personnel to support specific frontline units. abstract: BACKGROUND: Although the COVID-19 pandemic exposes frontline caregivers to severe prolonged stresses and trauma, there has been little clarity on how healthcare organisations can structure support to address these mental health needs. This article translates organisational scholarship on professionals working in organisations to elucidate why traditional approaches to supporting employee mental health, which often ask employees to seek assistance from centralised resources that separate mental health personnel from frontline units, may be insufficient under crisis conditions. We identify a critical but often overlooked aspect of employee mental health support: how frontline professionals respond to mental health services. In high-risk, high-pressure fields, frontline professionals may perceive mental health support as coming at the expense of urgent frontline work goals (ie, patient care) and as clashing with their central professional identities (ie, as expert, self-reliant ironmen/women). FINDINGS: To address these pervasive goal and identity conflicts in professional organisations, we translate the results of a multiyear research study examining the US Army’s efforts to transform its mental health support during the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. We highlight parallels between providing support to frontline military units and frontline healthcare units during COVID-19 and surface implications for structuring mental health supports during a crisis. We describe how an intentional organisational design used by the US Army that assigned specific mental health personnel to frontline units helped to mitigate professional goal and identity conflicts by creating personalised relationships and contextualising mental health offerings. CONCLUSION: Addressing frontline caregivers’ mental health needs is a vital part of health delivery organisations’ response to COVID-19, but without thoughtful organisational design, well-intentioned efforts may fall short. An approach that assigns individual mental health personnel to support specific frontline units may be particularly promising. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7299658/ doi: 10.1136/leader-2020-000279 id: cord-342415-j3fv7u2d author: Dietler, Dominik title: Inclusion of Health in Impact Assessment: A Review of Current Practice in Sub-Saharan Africa date: 2020-06-10 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Natural resource extraction projects, including those in the mining sector, have various effects on human health and wellbeing, with communities in resource-rich areas in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) being particularly vulnerable. While impact assessments (IA) can predict and mitigate negative effects, it is unclear whether and to what extent health aspects are included in current IA practice in SSA. For collecting IA reports, we contacted 569 mining projects and 35 ministries regulating the mining sector. The reports obtained were complemented by reports identified in prior research. The examination of the final sample of 44 IA reports revealed a heavy focus on environmental health determinants and included health outcomes were often limited to a few aspects, such as HIV, malaria and injuries. The miniscule yield of reports (1.6% of contacted projects) and the low response rate by the contacted mining companies (18%) might indicate a lack of transparency in the IA process of the mining sector in SSA. To address the shortcomings identified, policies regulating IA practice should strengthen the requirements for public disclosure of IA reports and promote a more comprehensive inclusion of health in IA, be it through stand-alone health impact assessment or more rigorous integration of health in other forms of IA. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114155 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17114155 id: cord-326873-11jgusov author: Dignard, Caroline title: Recent Research on Occupational Animal Exposures and Health Risks: A Narrative Review date: 2019-12-10 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: In the last year, an increasing number of studies have reported on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) transmission in Africa and Asia and in migrant workers. We reviewed original research on occupational health and safety of animal workers published from January 1, 2018, through June 30, 2019, with a targeted focus on infectious disease studies published in these populations. RECENT FINDINGS: Studies focused on occupational exposures to infectious agents, dust and allergens, pesticides, and occupational injury. Research on zoonotic MRSA used whole genome–sequencing technologies to evaluate transmission in Africa and Asia. Swine worker exposure to porcine coronavirus and emerging influenza A viruses was documented in China. 16s RNA amplicon sequencing identified distinct microbiota compositions in households with active animal farmers. Multiple bioaerosol exposures were assessed for industrial dairy workers. Occupational injury studies highlighted the struggles of Latino animal workers in the USA. SUMMARY: These studies highlighted the global expansion of zoonotic antibiotic resistance and identified novel occupational zoonoses of concern. The integration of microbiome assessment and compound mixtures into the evaluation of dust and endotoxin exposures for animal workers marks a new direction for this work. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40572-019-00253-5 doi: 10.1007/s40572-019-00253-5 id: cord-325896-vbwo2djw author: Dirlikov, Emilio title: CDC Deployments to State, Tribal, Local, and Territorial Health Departments for COVID-19 Emergency Public Health Response — United States, January 21–July 25, 2020 date: 2020-10-02 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral respiratory illness caused by SARS-CoV-2. During January 21-July 25, 2020, in response to official requests for assistance with COVID-19 emergency public health response activities, CDC deployed 208 teams to assist 55 state, tribal, local, and territorial health departments. CDC deployment data were analyzed to summarize activities by deployed CDC teams in assisting state, tribal, local, and territorial health departments to identify and implement measures to contain SARS-CoV-2 transmission (1). Deployed teams assisted with the investigation of transmission in high-risk congregate settings, such as long-term care facilities (53 deployments; 26% of total), food processing facilities (24; 12%), correctional facilities (12; 6%), and settings that provide services to persons experiencing homelessness (10; 5%). Among the 208 deployed teams, 178 (85%) provided assistance to state health departments, 12 (6%) to tribal health departments, 10 (5%) to local health departments, and eight (4%) to territorial health departments. CDC collaborations with health departments have strengthened local capacity and provided outbreak response support. Collaborations focused attention on health equity issues among disproportionately affected populations (e.g., racial and ethnic minority populations, essential frontline workers, and persons experiencing homelessness) and through a place-based focus (e.g., persons living in rural or frontier areas). These collaborations also facilitated enhanced characterization of COVID-19 epidemiology, directly contributing to CDC data-informed guidance, including guidance for serial testing as a containment strategy in high-risk congregate settings, targeted interventions and prevention efforts among workers at food processing facilities, and social distancing. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33001876/ doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6939a3 id: cord-288477-dojdlfrv author: Doerr, Megan title: Research ethics in a pandemic: considerations for the use of research infrastructure and resources for public health activities date: 2020-05-18 words: 4556.0 sentences: 221.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288477-dojdlfrv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288477-dojdlfrv.txt summary: The case of the Seattle Flu Study highlights the general challenges associated with utilizing research infrastructure for public health response, including the legal and ethical considerations for research data use, the return of the results of public health activities relying upon research resources to unwitting research participants, and the possible impacts of public health reporting mandates on future research participation. Through the consent process, SFS had alerted participants that Washington state law requires reporting of infectious diseases, including influenza, 10 but did not discuss the use of SFS''s research infrastructure, including data or samples, for other public health activities. In the first few days of March, the University of Washington''s ethical review board determined that, given the public health emergency, SFS had an ethical obligation to test all samples for SARS-CoV-2, citing that SFS already had consent from participants to test for another communicable diseases and return those results and, therefore, was already engaged in both research and public health activities. abstract: The number and size of existing research studies with massive databases and biosample repositories that could be leveraged for public health response against SARS-CoV-2 (or other infectious disease pathogens) are unparalleled in history. What risks are posed by coopting research infrastructure—not just data and samples but also participant recruitment and contact networks, communications, and coordination functions—for public health activities? The case of the Seattle Flu Study highlights the general challenges associated with utilizing research infrastructure for public health response, including the legal and ethical considerations for research data use, the return of the results of public health activities relying upon research resources to unwitting research participants, and the possible impacts of public health reporting mandates on future research participation. While research, including public health research, is essential during a pandemic, careful consideration should be given to distinguishing and balancing the ethical mandates of public health activities against the existing ethical responsibilities of biomedical researchers. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/jlb/lsaa028 doi: 10.1093/jlb/lsaa028 id: cord-340833-ntmsyum4 author: Donaldson, Cam title: Health economics and emergence from COVID-19 lockdown: the great big marginal analysis date: 2020-08-06 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Despite denials of politicians and other advisors, trade-offs have already been apparent in many policy decisions addressing the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and its social and economic consequences. Here, we illustrate why it is important, from a wellbeing perspective, to recognise such trade-offs, and provide a framework, based on the economic concept of ‘marginal analysis’, for doing so. We illustrate its potential through consideration of optimising the balance between reducing the reproductive rate (R) of the virus and further opening of the economy. The framework accommodates both perspectives in the health-vs-economy debate whereby, depending on where we are within the marginal analysis framework, either health issues are allowed to dominate or, below some threshold of R and/or background level of infection, health and economic considerations can be traded off against each other. Given the inevitability of such trade-offs, the framework exposes crucial questions to be addressed, such as: the critical value of R and/or background infection, above which health considerations predominate, and which may vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction; and the value of lives forgone resulting from the small increases in R and/or background infection levels that may have to be tolerated as the economy is gradually opened. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32758325/ doi: 10.1017/s1744133120000304 id: cord-325215-302hphhx author: Dong, Lu title: Public Mental Health Crisis during COVID-19 Pandemic, China date: 2020-07-17 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The 2019 novel coronavirus disease emerged in China in late 2019–early 2020 and spread rapidly. China has been implementing emergency psychological crisis interventions to reduce the negative psychosocial impact on public mental health, but challenges exist. Public mental health interventions should be formally integrated into public health preparedness and emergency response plans. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32202993/ doi: 10.3201/eid2607.200407 id: cord-281596-iv4al4l0 author: Dow, Alan W. title: Emerging From the COVID Crisis With a Stronger Health Care Workforce date: 2020-08-18 words: 2202.0 sentences: 114.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281596-iv4al4l0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281596-iv4al4l0.txt summary: The authors recommend the following: (1) a comprehensive approach to guide health care workforce development, (2) streamlining transitions to the next level of practice, (3) reciprocity among state licensing boards or national licensure, (4) payment reform to support a strengthened health care workforce, and (5) efforts by employers to ensure the ongoing safety and competence of the bolstered workforce. The authors recommend the following: (1) a comprehensive approach to guide health care workforce development, (2) streamlining transitions to the next level of practice, (3) reciprocity among state licensing boards or national licensure, (4) payment reform to support a strengthened health care workforce, and (5) efforts by employers to ensure the ongoing safety and competence of the bolstered workforce. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the limitations of the current health care workforce. As health care workers across the globe have been overwhelmed by the crisis, oversight entities and training programs have sought to loosen regulations to support ongoing care. Notably, however, workforce challenges preceded the current crisis. Now may be the time to address these underlying workforce challenges and emerge from the COVID-19 pandemic with a stronger health care workforce. Building upon historical exemplars in the context of the current crisis, the authors of this Perspective provide a roadmap to rapidly and safely increase the workforce for COVID-19 and beyond. The authors recommend the following: (1) a comprehensive approach to guide health care workforce development, (2) streamlining transitions to the next level of practice, (3) reciprocity among state licensing boards or national licensure, (4) payment reform to support a strengthened health care workforce, and (5) efforts by employers to ensure the ongoing safety and competence of the bolstered workforce. These steps require urgent collaboration among stakeholders commensurate with the acuity of the pandemic. Implemented together, these actions could address not only the novel challenges presented by COVID but also the underlying inadequacies of the health care workforce that must be remedied to create a healthier society. url: https://doi.org/10.1097/acm.0000000000003656 doi: 10.1097/acm.0000000000003656 id: cord-350000-eqn3kl5p author: Drissi, Nidal title: An Analysis on Self-Management and Treatment-related Functionality and Characteristics of Highly Rated Anxiety Apps date: 2020-07-30 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Anxiety is a common emotion that people often feel in certain situations. But when the feeling of anxiety is persistent and interferes with a person's day to day life then this may likely be an anxiety disorder. Anxiety disorders are a common issue worldwide and can fall under general anxiety, panic attacks, and social anxiety among others. They can be disabling and can impact all aspects of an individual's life, including work, education, and personal relationships. It is important that people with anxiety receive appropriate care, which in some cases may prove difficult due to mental health care delivery barriers such as cost, stigma, or distance from mental health services. A potential solution to this could be mobile mental health applications. These can serve as effective and promising tools to assist in the management of anxiety and to overcome some of the aforementioned barriers. The objective of this study is to provide an analysis of treatment and management-related functionality and characteristics of high-rated mobile applications (apps) for anxiety, which are available for Android and iOS systems. METHOD: A broad search was performed in the Google Play Store and App Store following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) protocol to identify existing apps for anxiety. A set of free and highly rated apps for anxiety were identified and the selected apps were then installed and analyzed according to a predefined data extraction strategy. RESULTS: A total of 167 anxiety apps were selected (123 Android apps and 44 iOS apps). Besides anxiety, the selected apps addressed several health issues including stress, depression, sleep issues, and eating disorders. The apps adopted various treatment and management approaches such as meditation, breathing exercises, mindfulness and cognitive behavioral therapy. Results also showed that 51% of the selected apps used various gamification features to motivate users to keep using them, 32% provided social features including chat, communication with others and links to sources of help; 46% offered offline availability; and only 19% reported involvement of mental health professionals in their design. CONCLUSIONS: Anxiety apps incorporate various mental health care management methods and approaches. Apps can serve as promising tools to assist large numbers of people suffering from general anxiety or from anxiety disorders, anytime, anywhere, and particularly in the current COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32768994/ doi: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2020.104243 id: cord-350293-a09r0gjc author: Dubb, S.S. title: Coronavirus Pandemic: Applying a Whole-of-Society Model for the Whole-of-the World date: 2020-05-12 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: During a pandemic, a national government is often considered solely responsible for dealing with the outbreak with local-based policies. A whole-of-society approach to a pandemic is evidence-based and used successfully in countries with a history of pandemic infections. This collaborative approach assumes that no single entity has the capacity to successfully manage the dynamic, complex problems that arise in a pandemic environment. Application of the whole-of-society model globally would provide a more harmonious and concerted response with mutual and synergistic benefits to all affected nations. Central entities within the model include; Civil society, business and government. These are addressed at the community, local government and sub-national level. Nine essential services are also identified including Health, defence, Law & order, Finance, Transport, Telecommunication, Energy, Food and Water. A continuing cycle of readiness, response and recovery of services encapsulates this model. Pandemics affect the whole of the world, a global whole-ofsociety approach is therefore needed to tackle them. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0266435620302126 doi: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.05.009 id: cord-271898-cct702cv author: Duplaga, Mariusz title: The Acceptance of Key Public Health Interventions by the Polish Population Is Related to Health Literacy, But Not eHealth Literacy date: 2020-07-29 words: 6902.0 sentences: 331.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271898-cct702cv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271898-cct702cv.txt summary: The main aim of this study was to assess the association between HL and eHL with the opinions about vaccinations and the introduction of the ST held by a representative sample of the adult Polish population. According to the systematic review published by Lopez et al., higher acceptance of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine was associated most consistently with female gender and younger age of respondent parent, female gender of the adolescent, higher household income and previous childhood vaccinations [35] . Finally, the systematic review with a meta-analysis based on 20 papers reporting the results of 22 studies, published in 2019 by Eykelenboom et al., showed that 42% of the public supported the SSB tax; 39% accepted it as a measure to reduce obesity, and 66% supported it if the revenue is used for some type of health-improving initiative [70] . abstract: Background: Public health and health promotion rely on many different interventions, which range from health education and communication, through community mobilisation and changes to environmental conditions, to legal and fiscal actions. The introduction of the increased tax on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), popularly called sugar tax (ST), and a mandatory programme of vaccinations are the strategies inciting the most vivid discussions in Polish society. The study was intended to assess the determinants of the attitudes of Polish society regarding the ST and to vaccinations. Methods: For the analysis, the data originating from the survey of a representative adult sample of Polish society (n = 1000) was used. The survey was based on computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI). The assessment of the relationships between the selected variables and the opinions about the introduction of the ST and the safety and effectiveness of vaccinations were carried out using the chi(2) test and univariate logistic regression models. Results: The acceptance of the ST and vaccination showed a significant relationship to the level of health literacy (HL) but not to eHealth literacy (eHL). Respondents having a higher rather than lower HL; older rather than younger; married rather than singles; retired, or on a disability pension, rather than vocationally active and nonusers of the Internet rather than users were more likely to show an acceptance for both interventions. Those more frequently using health care services and those with chronic diseases showed a greater belief in the safety and effectiveness of vaccinations. Conclusions: The relationship between the opinions of the two public health interventions analysed and the sociodemographic variables demonstrated similar patterns. Interestingly, the opinions were associated only with HL and not with eHL and users of the Internet were more sceptical about the interventions. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155459 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17155459 id: cord-029261-6d9cjeec author: D’Alessandro, Daniela title: Urban Public Health, a Multidisciplinary Approach date: 2020-07-16 words: 3219.0 sentences: 149.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-029261-6d9cjeec.txt txt: ./txt/cord-029261-6d9cjeec.txt summary: WHO considers urbanization as one of the key challenges for public health in the twenty-first century, since cities offer significant opportunities to improve public health if health-enhancing policies and actions are promoted. Speaking about urban environment, it is to be underlined that cities around the world face many health challenges, including air, water and soil pollution, traffic congestion and noise, and poor housing conditions, and all these situations are caused and worsened by unsustainable urban development and climate change. It follows that health and environmental issues, like climate change or the growing populations, need to be addressed using "holistic" approaches that require the development of multidisciplinary research synergies focused on urban health, accompanied by multidisciplinary sustainable interventions. Shaping cities for health: complexity and the planning of urban environments in the 21st century abstract: Urban environment is a highly complex interactive socio-physical system, with competing expectations and priorities. Public health interventions have always had a fundamental role in the control of diseases in cities. WHO considers urbanization as one of the key challenges for public health in the twenty-first century, since cities offer significant opportunities to improve public health if health-enhancing policies and actions are promoted. A multidisciplinary approach is required, but the basic differences existing between technical and health disciplines make the interaction difficult. The multidisciplinary collaboration is still at a very early stage of development, and needs to be further understood and planned. The author concludes stressing the need for a transversal training, but also for sharing knowledge, instruments and methods, involving all the actors in the planning process, to develop a real multidisciplinary approach. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7362667/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-49446-9_1 id: cord-004204-cpub9oah author: D’Cunha, Colin title: SARS: Lessons Learned from a Provincial Perspective date: 2004-01-01 words: 1538.0 sentences: 93.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-004204-cpub9oah.txt txt: ./txt/cord-004204-cpub9oah.txt summary: T o say that SARS was a unique threat, and one that challenged public health and the entire health system in Ontario could be viewed as somewhat of an understatement. Never had the modern public health or the health care system been put to such a test or been put under such pressure to respond as during the two phases of SARS outbreaks earlier this year. The very uniqueness and stress that the SARS outbreaks placed on our system inevitably revealed the weaknesses and the areas where change or fortification in our public health defenses was needed in order for us to meet successfully future challenges. Funding for public health services in Ontario is based on a mixed model with municipal and provincial partners contributing to the funding. Other public health professionals should be cross-trained in communicable disease management to create additional surge capacity. A Report of the National Advisory Committee on SARS and Public Health abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6976128/ doi: 10.1007/bf03403629 id: cord-024885-6gsnmegj author: Eccleston-Turner, Mark title: The Law of Responsibility and the World Health Organisation: A Case Study on the West African Ebola Outbreak date: 2020-05-16 words: 9010.0 sentences: 420.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-024885-6gsnmegj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-024885-6gsnmegj.txt summary: In the meantime, we present four claims: first, that the WHO is a distinct legal actor on the international stage capable of incurring responsibility for its actions; second, that the WHO does not merely have the power to declare a PHEIC, but also 11 See ''Foreword'' and Article 2 World Health Organisation, ''International Health Regulations'' (2005) . The first element of this obligation to declare may have been eventually fulfilled but (as we will argue in a moment), the failure to declare the 2014 West African Ebola outbreak a PHEIC in a timely fashion was not, and therefore constitutes an internationally wrongful act, for which responsibility ought to arise on the part of the Organisation. Rather, numerous obligations are identified within the Constitution of the World Health Organisation, in particular Articles 2(v), (a) and (g) of the Functions, and an external agreement with the African Congress, which when taken together would create the legal obligation pursuant upon the WHO to declare the West African Ebola outbreak PHEIC and, secondly, to do so in a timely fashion. abstract: The delay between the WHO being made aware of the 2014 Ebola epidemic in West Africa and declaring it a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) has been the subject of some considerable criticism in the literature, as well as in the Report of the Ebola Interim Assessment Panel commissioned by the WHO, which stated that that ‘significant and unjustifiable delays occurred in the declaration of a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) by WHO.’ This paper examines this late declaration of a PHEIC for Ebola through the lens of the law of responsibility, arguing that the WHO incurs responsibility for this delay. The law of responsibility is long standing in international law as the framework for providing redress for breaches of law. It gives rise to an obligation to provide redress and ensures some form of culpability for a breach of international law. In this paper we argue that the WHO does not merely have the power to declare a PHEIC via the International Health Regulations (2005), but also has a legal obligation to do so when the criteria are met. An obligation which we argue, they breached in failing to declare the recent Ebola outbreak in West Africa a PHEIC in a timely manner. This breach should then engage the law of responsibility for the consequences of the delay. The paper argues, however, that there exist substantial issues with the application of the principles of responsibility to international organizations. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7226899/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-39819-4_5 id: cord-352962-burm9nxm author: Eckmanns, Tim title: Digital epidemiology and global health security; an interdisciplinary conversation date: 2019-03-19 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Contemporary infectious disease surveillance systems aim to employ the speed and scope of big data in an attempt to provide global health security. Both shifts - the perception of health problems through the framework of global health security and the corresponding technological approaches – imply epistemological changes, methodological ambivalences as well as manifold societal effects. Bringing current findings from social sciences and public health praxis into a dialogue, this conversation style contribution points out several broader implications of changing disease surveillance. The conversation covers epidemiological issues such as the shift from expert knowledge to algorithmic knowledge, the securitization of global health, and the construction of new kinds of threats. Those developments are detailed and discussed in their impacts for health provision in a broader sense. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40504-019-0091-8 doi: 10.1186/s40504-019-0091-8 id: cord-282234-yzozbf7p author: Edelstein, Burton L. title: Disruptive innovations in dentistry date: 2020-07-24 words: 2044.0 sentences: 107.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282234-yzozbf7p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282234-yzozbf7p.txt summary: The American Medical Association''s Education Consortium puts it plainly in a book introducing health systems science: "Over the last decade it has become clearer that trainees require knowledge, attitudes, and skills beyond the scope of, and in addition to, the basic and clinical sciences if they are to be prepared for practice in our current and future health care system." 3 Roiling the profession are disruptions in technology, communications, workforce, payment, and management, all driven by creative innovators sponsored by venture capital, nonprofits, and governments alike. Many changes underway in dentistry today are potentially more disruptive to traditional care models than in the past because they reflect the larger US health care environment and because they enter dentistry through the low-end of the market. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0002817720303615 doi: 10.1016/j.adaj.2020.05.003 id: cord-279540-dmb416ls author: Edge, Chantal title: COVID-19: digital equivalence of health care in English prisons date: 2020-07-23 words: 1471.0 sentences: 75.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279540-dmb416ls.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279540-dmb416ls.txt summary: UK National Health Service (NHS) bodies within English community settings had reacted quickly to the pandemic by adopting digital innovations, including the widespread use of video consultations. Widespread prison telemedicine implementation efforts previously struggled to find traction in England, 5 yet were suddenly perceived as one of the most important tools to maintain health-care service continuity throughout the pandemic (appendix). Access to health care and permissions for the introduction of digital technologies must be oper ationalised within the constraints and security policies of Her Majesty''s Prison and Probation Service (HMPPS). HMPPS must investigate and approve any digital solution that is to be implemented within prisons to assure security, including health-care technologies. The prison health system was pushed to consider rapid implementation of digital technology to support the pandemic response and maintain essential healthcare services for their vulnerable population. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/s2589-7500(20)30164-3 doi: 10.1016/s2589-7500(20)30164-3 id: cord-332977-884z6qrq author: Ehrlich, Rodney title: Current Guidelines for Protecting Health Workers from Occupational Tuberculosis Are Necessary, but Not Sufficient: Towards a Comprehensive Occupational Health Approach date: 2020-06-03 words: 5196.0 sentences: 236.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332977-884z6qrq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332977-884z6qrq.txt summary: Barriers to IPC implementation vary with the study design and questions asked, but cover the whole gamut: lack of a national regulatory framework and associated budget; lack of management support; unfamiliarity of staff with IPC guidelines; failure to triage or screen patients; insufficient infrastructure and equipment, such as isolation spaces and personal protective equipment (PPE); deficient ventilation; inadequate staffing and training; poor functioning of infection control committees; and neglect of exposed non-clinical staff. A review across Botswana, Zambia, and South Africa of laws relevant to reduction of TB transmission adopted a systems view by focusing on regulations governing national legal and policy frameworks; facility design, construction, and use; patients'' and health workers'' rights; and research, as well as the monitoring of infection control measures and TB surveillance among health workers. Health Care Worker Perspectives on workplace safety, infection control and drug-resistant tuberculosis in a high burden HIV setting abstract: Health workers globally are at elevated occupational risk of tuberculosis infection and disease. While a raft of guidelines have been published over the past 25 years on infection prevention and control (IPC) in healthcare, studies in different settings continue to show inadequate implementation and persistence of risk. The aim of this commentary is to argue, based on the literature and our own research, that a comprehensive occupational health approach is an essential complement to IPC guidelines. Such an approach includes a health system framework focusing on upstream or mediating components, such as a statutory regulation, leadership, an information system, and staff trained in protective disciplines. Within the classical prevention framework, primary prevention needs to be complemented by occupational health services (secondary prevention) and worker’s compensation (tertiary prevention). A worker-centric approach recognises the ethical implications of screening health workers, as well as the stigma perceived by those diagnosed with tuberculosis. It also provides for the voiced experience of health workers and their participation in decision-making. We argue that such a comprehensive approach will contribute to both the prevention of occupational tuberculosis and to the ability of a health system to withstand other crises of infectious hazards to its workforce. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32503223/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17113957 id: cord-331715-dg1jg4t9 author: El Achi, Nassim title: Assessing the capacity for conflict and health research in Lebanon: a qualitative study date: 2020-08-18 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: Conflicts pose new challenges for health systems, requiring rapid and practical approaches to meet emerging needs on the ground. Lebanon has been highly influenced by surrounding conflicts in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, especially the Syrian crisis. Strengthening research capacity to collect evidence on conflict in the MENA region and beyond is crucial to inform healthcare policy and practice. For targeted capacity strengthening interventions, the main objective of this paper is to present key findings of a needs assessment of conflict and health research in Lebanon. This will support recent efforts to scale up context-specific policies, interventions to strengthen the country’s health system, and research capacity. METHODS: The study is based on 30 semi-structured interviews with key informants such as specialist academics, humanitarian workers and public sector officials. RESULTS: Despite being ranked third in the number of publications on biomedical and health research per capita in MENA and in hosting reputable universities which are considered central academic hubs in the region, lack of nationwide research culture, insufficient funding and limited access to data were reported to be major challenges for health researchers in Lebanon. Even with the ongoing efforts, poor impact of research on policy continues to be a persistent gap. Large disparities in research capacities and taught skills were reported between different universities in Lebanon, with a disproportionate emphasis on quantitative over qualitative skills. Most medical students are not trained to conduct research or to practice in conflict settings. Concerns were also expressed regarding the ethics of research conducted, specifically by local non-governmental organizations. RECOMMENDATIONS: To conduct contextualized trainings on research skills with a stronger focus on qualitative approaches, medical practice, and ethical research in conflict. To better involve policymakers in designing research agendas by organizing multiple stakeholder meetings. CONCLUSION: The study indicates that health research in Lebanon is characterized by considerable strengths in terms of human capital and research capacities of certain universities. However, the Lebanese research infrastructure needs further development in terms of ensuring sustainable funding, providing access to data, teaching qualitative research skills, conducting ethical and multidisciplinary research, and promoting cross-sectoral knowledge transfer. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13031-020-00304-x doi: 10.1186/s13031-020-00304-x id: cord-030018-sabmw7wf author: El-Shabrawi, Mortada title: Infant and child health and healthcare before and after COVID-19 pandemic: will it be the same ever? date: 2020-08-04 words: 3270.0 sentences: 175.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-030018-sabmw7wf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-030018-sabmw7wf.txt summary: BACKGROUND: The novel corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) current pandemic is an unpreceded global health crisis. COVID-19 pandemic proved rapidly to be a major international medical problem that has many sequences on infants, children, and adolescents. There is an urging challenge of how to provide the required healthcare needed by infants and children in due time and place avoiding the possibility to catch SARS-CoV-2 infection if they go to seek medical advice at hospitals or healthcare facilities. The mandatory lockdown and inevitable social distancing measures due to the COVID-19 pandemic has forced the governments in many countries to close nurseries, child care centers, schools, training centers, and higher education facilities as universities and institutions. So far, the COVID-19 crisis has had a great impact on child health and healthcare all over the world, not only from the medical aspect, but also from the social, psychologic, economic, and educational aspects. abstract: BACKGROUND: The novel corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) current pandemic is an unpreceded global health crisis. Not only infection of infants, children, and adolescents is a concern for their families and pediatricians, but there are also other serious challenges that should be properly identified and managed as well. MAIN BODY: We have to identify and assess the different factors that have either direct or indirect effects on child health and healthcare due to COVID-19 pandemic and focus on the serious effects. It is easily realized that there are many challenging problems associated with COVID-19 with short-term effects that already appeared and need urgent solutions and long-term effects that are not yet well apparent and have to be searched for and properly addressed. CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 crisis has lots of impacts on child health and child healthcare, not only from the medical aspect but also from the social, psychological, economic, and educational facets. All these adverse implications have to be identified and dealt with on individual bases approach in the short and long term. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7400748/ doi: 10.1186/s43054-020-00039-7 id: cord-303933-vb3hygtv author: Elder, Laurent title: Past, present and future: experiences and lessons from telehealth projects date: 2007-12-04 words: 2946.0 sentences: 118.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303933-vb3hygtv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303933-vb3hygtv.txt summary: Information communications technology has been a focus of the work of the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) since 1970, when this organization was formed in Canada with the goal of helping to improve the health of people in developing countries (http://www.idrc.ca). These efforts were quite typical of activities that focused on health and on information and communica-tions technology (ICT) at the time: overly ambitious, lacking in adequate capacity and planning, but spurred by the drive and determination of project proponents, who went on to use their experiences to become champions of telehealth in their countries. In Indonesia, the Development of ICT-based Telemedicine System for Primary Community Health Care in Indonesia project used existing Internet technology to enhance PC-based medical stations and pilot-tested a telemedicine application. However, the fast pace of innovation in both ICTs and health research means that there is also a need to develop, implement and evaluate new applications, particularly in the area of demographic surveillance of disease incidence and medical compliance, using new technologies such as mobile phones. abstract: Information communications technology has been a focus of the work of the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) since 1970, when this organization was formed in Canada with the goal of helping to improve the health of people in developing countries (http://www.idrc.ca). In this article, we focus on the field of telemedicine in developing countries and its role in improving health, using examples from the experience of the IDRC. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21673948/ doi: nan id: cord-034133-tx0hciiv author: Engda, Tigist title: The contribution of medical educational system of the College of Medicine, and Health Sciences of the University of Gondar in Ethiopia on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of graduate students of Health Sciences in relation to the prevention and control of nosocomial infections during the academic year of 2018 date: 2020-10-22 words: 3923.0 sentences: 192.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-034133-tx0hciiv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-034133-tx0hciiv.txt summary: title: The contribution of medical educational system of the College of Medicine, and Health Sciences of the University of Gondar in Ethiopia on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of graduate students of Health Sciences in relation to the prevention and control of nosocomial infections during the academic year of 2018 This study aimed to assess the contribution of the medical education system on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the graduate students of health sciences about the prevention and control of nosocomial infection in the College of Medicine and Health Sciences at the University of Gondar in the Academic Year of 2018. Therefore, the current study intended to determine the impact of the medical education system on the knowledge, attitude, and practice of graduate health sciences students about the prevention and control of nosocomial infections at the University of Gondar. abstract: BACKGROUND: Nosocomial infection, also called a hospital-acquired infection, is an infection acquired during admitting patients in health care facilities. Nosocomial infection can be prevented and controlled by giving training to those responsible. This study aimed to assess the contribution of the medical education system on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the graduate students of health sciences about the prevention and control of nosocomial infection in the College of Medicine and Health Sciences at the University of Gondar in the Academic Year of 2018. METHOD: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among all graduate health science students posted in the different departments at the University of Gondar in the College of Medicine and Health Sciences from February to June 2018. A total of 422 study participants were included. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. RESULTS: Out of a total of 422 respondents, only 40% have taken training for infection prevention; out of which 39% had taken the training for a year ago. Moreover, only 35.5% have good knowledge of nosocomial infections as a result of the training; and only 32.5% have good understanding of the practical training given on prevention and control. Only 36% have good attitude towards its prevention and control. CONCLUSION: The result shows that only a few of the respondents have taken the infection prevention training. Yet, a smaller proportion of them had good knowledge, attitude, and practice on nosocomial infections. Hence, the Medical Education System should give more attention to the training of the nosocomial infection control by developing different strategies to prepare the students on these issues before they start their clinical attachment. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7579876/ doi: 10.1186/s12909-020-02271-6 id: cord-317734-17lu319z author: Ennals, Richard title: A strategic health initiative: context for Coronavirus date: 2020-04-04 words: 1541.0 sentences: 78.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317734-17lu319z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317734-17lu319z.txt summary: The NHS has since suffered from government neglect, with funding failing to match needs, and hospitals not being equipped with the same level of technology that should be standard in other advanced countries. It has become regarded all too often as an optional expense, increasingly to be devolved to the individual or the "community", where the financial resources required for work with advanced technology are not available. The research community could benefit from the motivation of work in "advanced technology with a human face". We need a strategic focus for the next stage of development of an infant generation of technology, to the benefit of society in general: a Strategic Health Initiative. A way forward for advanced information technology: SHI-a strategic health initiative A way forward for advanced information technology: SHI-a strategic health initiative abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-020-00969-1 doi: 10.1007/s00146-020-00969-1 id: cord-004017-gcmpatlb author: Errecaborde, Kaylee Myhre title: Factors that enable effective One Health collaborations - A scoping review of the literature date: 2019-12-04 words: 9215.0 sentences: 458.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-004017-gcmpatlb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-004017-gcmpatlb.txt summary: The review identified 12 factors that support successful One Health collaborations and a coordinated response to health events across three levels: two individual factors (education & training and prior experience & existing relationships), four organizational factors (organizational structures, culture, human resources and, communication), and six network factors (network structures, relationships, leadership, management, available & accessible resources, political environment). In this study, a multidisciplinary team of researchers reviewed a broad scope of literature describing collaborative and multi-sectoral approaches to past health events to understand how such collaborations are commonly described and evaluated and to identify and synthesize enabling factors for One Health collaborations. Starting condition factors reported to enable collaboration at the network level included network structures, existing relationships, available resources in the face of a health event, and the political environment in place to support these efforts. abstract: Advocates for a One Health approach recognize that global health challenges require multidisciplinary collaborative efforts. While past publications have looked at interdisciplinary competency training for collaboration, few have identified the factors and conditions that enable operational One Health. Through a scoping review of the literature, a multidisciplinary team of researchers analyzed peer-reviewed publications describing multisectoral collaborations around infectious disease-related health events. The review identified 12 factors that support successful One Health collaborations and a coordinated response to health events across three levels: two individual factors (education & training and prior experience & existing relationships), four organizational factors (organizational structures, culture, human resources and, communication), and six network factors (network structures, relationships, leadership, management, available & accessible resources, political environment). The researchers also identified the stage of collaboration during which these factors were most critical, further organizing into starting condition or process-based factors. The research found that publications on multisectoral collaboration for health events do not uniformly report on successes or challenges of collaboration and rarely identify outputs or outcomes of the collaborative process. This paper proposes a common language and framework to enable more uniform reporting, implementation, and evaluation of future One Health collaborations. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6892547/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224660 id: cord-271392-u6vme2c8 author: Eussen, Björn G.M. title: Stimulating collaboration between human and veterinary health care professionals date: 2017-06-13 words: 7389.0 sentences: 365.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271392-u6vme2c8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271392-u6vme2c8.txt summary: RESULTS: Based on Gaertner and Dovidio''s Common Ingroup Identity Model, a number of questionnaires were designed and tested; with PROGRESS, the relation between collaboration and common goal was assessed, mediated by decategorization, recategorization, mutual differentiation and knowledge sharing. However, in terms of making room for the bigger collective goal alongside their responsibilities related to the day-to-day care of their own patients, human and veterinary healthcare professionals often see insufficient added value [14] , even though a greater awareness of the added value associated with collaboration would ultimately result in improved care [5, 15, 16] . The current study will not only indicate whether the Common Ingroup Identity Model is useful for the respective groups of healthcare professionals, but it will also quantitatively assess the relationships between the common goal and collaboration in combination with associated mediating factors. One Health as a common goal has a positive effect on collaboration between human and veterinary healthcare professionals. abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the need to control outbreaks of (emerging) zoonotic diseases and the need for added value in comparative/translational medicine, jointly addressed in the One Health approach [One health Initiative (n.d.a). About the One Health Initiative. http://www.onehealthinitiative.com/about.php. Accessed 13 September 2016], collaboration between human and veterinary health care professionals is limited. This study focuses on the social dilemma experienced by health care professionals and ways in which an interdisciplinary approach could be developed. RESULTS: Based on Gaertner and Dovidio’s Common Ingroup Identity Model, a number of questionnaires were designed and tested; with PROGRESS, the relation between collaboration and common goal was assessed, mediated by decategorization, recategorization, mutual differentiation and knowledge sharing. This study confirms the Common Ingroup Identity Model stating that common goals stimulate collaboration. Decategorization and mutual differentiation proved to be significant in this relationship; recategorization and knowledge sharing mediate this relation. CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that the Common Ingroup Identity Model theory helps us to understand how health care professionals perceive the One Health initiative and how they can intervene in this process. In the One Health approach, professional associations could adopt a facilitating role. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28610617/ doi: 10.1186/s12917-017-1072-x id: cord-339376-2dczotbh author: Everts, Jonathan title: Announcing Swine Flu and the Interpretation of Pandemic Anxiety date: 2012-07-19 words: 8359.0 sentences: 429.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339376-2dczotbh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339376-2dczotbh.txt summary: In that light, CDC'' formal entanglement with global health security and its announcement of the H1N1 pandemic are interpreted, followed by an ethnographically informed focus on various people who were engaged in the H1N1 emergency response and their practices and practical struggles in the face of pandemic anxiety. Investigating CDC''s H1N1 response may also shed light on the implications of a change in public health discourse, a change that made "emerging infectious diseases" a key concern for public health, the kernel of a new age of "pandemic anxiety" (Ingram 2008) . In the following, CDC''s ways to work through the H1N1 pandemic are first contextualised within the emerging global health security regime and second analysed from a practice-based and ethnographic perspective. However, before the actual work that led to detecting H1N1 took place, pandemic anxiety and institutionalised heightened concerns had already worked their way through to CDC experts via global and national public health security recommendations and regulations and the announcements made by respective representatives. abstract: This paper discusses the ways in which 2009 novel swine‐origin influenza A (H1N1) was announced and resonated with current pandemic anxieties. In particular, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) are used as a lens through which recent pandemic anxieties can be analysed and understood. This entails a closer look at the securitisation of public health and the challenges and struggles this may have caused within public health agencies. In that light, CDC' formal entanglement with global health security and its announcement of the H1N1 pandemic are interpreted, followed by an ethnographically informed focus on various people who were engaged in the H1N1 emergency response and their practices and practical struggles in the face of pandemic anxiety. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8330.2012.01021.x doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8330.2012.01021.x id: cord-327106-drwvzw5l author: Eyawo, Oghenowede title: Rethinking the Central Role of Equity in the Global Governance of Pandemic Response date: 2020-08-25 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Our initial response to COVID-19 has been plagued by a series of failures—many of which have extended inequity within and across populations, especially in low- and middle-income countries. The global health governance of pandemic preparedness and response needs to move further away from the advocacy of a one-size-fits-all approach that tends to prioritize the interests of high-income countries towards a context-sensitive approach that gives equity a central role in guiding our pandemic preparedness and response strategies. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-020-10001-2 doi: 10.1007/s11673-020-10001-2 id: cord-271867-n563yqw4 author: Falicov, Celia title: Expanding Possibilities: Flexibility and Solidarity with Under Resourced Immigrant Families During the Covid‐19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-14 words: 8994.0 sentences: 434.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271867-n563yqw4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271867-n563yqw4.txt summary: We compare and contrast the learnings of flexibility of time, space, procedures or attendance we acquired in this clinical community setting during regular times, with the new challenges families and therapists face, and the adaptations needed to continue to work with our clients in culturally responsive and empowering ways during the Covid‐19 pandemic. During Covid-19, the SRFC physicians, pharmacy team, medical students, staff, volunteers, mental health team, social workers, and promotoras (experienced community members who are core staff and act as "trust bridges" to the community (Beck, 2005) ) have come together to continue to provide health, mental health care and emotional support through telemedicine and delivery of medications and food to patients'' homes. Relying on our learnings about providing services to under resourced families and communities in regular times, during the Covid-19 pandemic we expand the limits of what appears possible in a variety of new ways. abstract: The novel coronavirus has added new anxieties and forms of grieving to the myriad practical and emotional burdens already present in the lives of underserved and uninsured immigrant families and communities. In this article, we relate our experiences since the Covid‐19 crisis to the lessons we have learned over time as mental health professionals working with families in no‐cost, student‐managed community comprehensive health clinics in academic‐community partnerships. We compare and contrast the learnings of flexibility of time, space, procedures or attendance we acquired in this clinical community setting during regular times, with the new challenges families and therapists face, and the adaptations needed to continue to work with our clients in culturally responsive and empowering ways during the Covid‐19 pandemic. We describe families, students, professionals, promotoras (community links) and IT support staff joining together in solidarity as the creative problem solvers of new possibilities when families do not have access to Wifi, smart phones or computers, or suffer overcrowding and lack of privacy. We describe many anxieties related to economic insecurity or fear of facing death alone, but also how to visualize expanding possibilities in styles of parenting or types of emotional support among family members as elements of hope that may endure beyond these unprecedented tragic times of loss and uncertainty. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12578 doi: 10.1111/famp.12578 id: cord-346908-21hahh03 author: Fan, Shihe title: A Multi-function Public Health Surveillance System and the Lessons Learned in Its Development: The Alberta Real Time Syndromic Surveillance Net date: 2010-11-01 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Objective: We describe a centralized automated multi-function detection and reporting system for public health surveillance–the Alberta Real Time Syndromic Surveillance Net (ARTSSN). This improves upon traditional paper-based systems which are often fragmented, limited by incomplete data collection and inadequate analytical capacity, and incapable of providing timely information for public health action. Methods: ARTSSN concurrently analyzes multiple electronic data sources in real time to describe results in tables, charts and maps. Detected anomalies are immediately disseminated via alerts to decision-makers for action. Results: ARTSSN provides richly integrated information on a variety of health conditions for early detection of and prompt action on abnormal events such as clusters, outbreaks and trends. Examples of such health conditions include chronic and communicable disease, injury and environmentmediated adverse incidents. Discussion: Key advantages of ARTSSN over traditional paper-based methods are its timeliness, comprehensiveness and automation. Public health surveillance of communicable disease, injury, environmental hazard exposure and chronic disease now occurs in a single system in real time year round. Examples are given to demonstrate the public health value of this system, particularly during Pandemic (H1N1) 2009. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21370780/ doi: 10.1007/bf03403963 id: cord-253182-s60vzf3q author: Fang, Evandro F. title: A research agenda for ageing in China in the 21st century (2nd edition): Focusing on basic and translational research, long-term care, policy and social networks date: 2020-09-21 words: 23329.0 sentences: 1031.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253182-s60vzf3q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253182-s60vzf3q.txt summary: Major healthcare challenges involved with caring for the elderly in China include the management of chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs), physical frailty, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, with emerging challenges such as providing sufficient dental care, combating the rising prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases among nursing home communities, providing support for increased incidences of immune diseases, and the growing necessity to provide palliative care for the elderly. The research agenda in response to rapid population ageing in China has been broad, covering areas including the study of the ageing process itself in laboratory and animal studies, to clinical-level studies of drugs or other treatments for common chronic diseases, and finally policy-level research for the care of the elderly in hospital, community and residential care settings, and its influence on health and social care policies . Major risk factors of the high prevalence of dental diseases in the elderly in China include the scarcity of dental health knowledge in the general population, low frequency of daily oral hygiene practices, insufficiency of dental care services, and unhealthy diet habits. abstract: One of the key issues facing public healthcare is the global trend of an increasingly ageing society which continues to present policy makers and caregivers with formidable healthcare and socio-economic challenges. Ageing is the primary contributor to a broad spectrum of chronic disorders all associated with a lower quality of life in the elderly. In 2019, the Chinese population constituted 18 % of the world population, with 164.5 million Chinese citizens aged 65 and above (65+), and 26 million aged 80 or above (80+). China has become an ageing society, and as it continues to age it will continue to exacerbate the burden borne by current family and public healthcare systems. Major healthcare challenges involved with caring for the elderly in China include the management of chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs), physical frailty, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, with emerging challenges such as providing sufficient dental care, combating the rising prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases among nursing home communities, providing support for increased incidences of immune diseases, and the growing necessity to provide palliative care for the elderly. At the governmental level, it is necessary to make long-term strategic plans to respond to the pressures of an ageing society, especially to establish a nationwide, affordable, annual health check system to facilitate early diagnosis and provide access to affordable treatments. China has begun work on several activities to address these issues including the recent completion of the of the Ten-year Health-Care Reform project, the implementation of the Healthy China 2030 Action Plan, and the opening of the National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders. There are also societal challenges, namely the shift from an extended family system in which the younger provide home care for their elderly family members, to the current trend in which young people are increasingly migrating towards major cities for work, increasing reliance on nursing homes to compensate, especially following the outcomes of the ‘one child policy’ and the ‘empty-nest elderly’ phenomenon. At the individual level, it is important to provide avenues for people to seek and improve their own knowledge of health and disease, to encourage them to seek medical check-ups to prevent/manage illness, and to find ways to promote modifiable health-related behaviors (social activity, exercise, healthy diets, reasonable diet supplements) to enable healthier, happier, longer, and more productive lives in the elderly. Finally, at the technological or treatment level, there is a focus on modern technologies to counteract the negative effects of ageing. Researchers are striving to produce drugs that can mimic the effects of ‘exercising more, eating less’, while other anti-ageing molecules from molecular gerontologists could help to improve ‘healthspan’ in the elderly. Machine learning, ‘Big Data’, and other novel technologies can also be used to monitor disease patterns at the population level and may be used to inform policy design in the future. Collectively, synergies across disciplines on policies, geriatric care, drug development, personal awareness, the use of big data, machine learning and personalized medicine will transform China into a country that enables the most for its elderly, maximizing and celebrating their longevity in the coming decades. This is the 2nd edition of the review paper (Fang EF et al., Ageing Re. Rev. 2015). url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32971255/ doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101174 id: cord-272001-er7lvhn5 author: Farewell, Charlotte V. title: A Mixed-Methods Pilot Study of Perinatal Risk and Resilience During COVID-19 date: 2020-07-16 words: 3727.0 sentences: 221.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272001-er7lvhn5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272001-er7lvhn5.txt summary: The primary aim of this pilot study was to use mixed-methods to better understand the mental health and well-being effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, as well as sources of resilience, among women during the perinatal period. Thirty-one pregnant and postpartum women participated in phone interviews and were invited to complete an online survey which included validated mental health and well-being measures. 10, 11 Many studies have explored the impacts of disasters, or events that cause disruption exceeding the adjustment capacity of the affected community, 13 on mental health and have found that prenatal and postpartum women may experience significantly higher rates of mood disorders during disasters compared with the general population. 19 The primary aim of this pilot study was to use mixed-methods to better understand mental health and well-being, as well as sources of resilience, for women in the perinatal period during the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: Introduction/Objectives: National guidelines underscore the need for improvement in the detection and treatment of mood disorders in the perinatal period. Exposure to disasters can amplify perinatal mood disorders and even have intergenerational impacts. The primary aim of this pilot study was to use mixed-methods to better understand the mental health and well-being effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, as well as sources of resilience, among women during the perinatal period. Methods: The study team used a simultaneous exploratory mixed-methods design to investigate the primary objective. Thirty-one pregnant and postpartum women participated in phone interviews and were invited to complete an online survey which included validated mental health and well-being measures. Results: Approximately 12% of the sample reported high depressive symptomatology and 60% reported moderate or severe anxiety. Forty percent of the sample reported being lonely. The primary themes related to stress were uncertainty surrounding perinatal care, exposure risk for both mother and baby, inconsistent messaging from information sources and lack of support networks. Participants identified various sources of resilience, including the use of virtual communication platforms, engaging in self-care behaviors (eg, adequate sleep, physical activity, and healthy eating), partner emotional support, being outdoors, gratitude, and adhering to structures and routines. Conclusions: Since the onset of COVID-19, many pregnant and postpartum women report struggling with stress, depression, and anxiety symptomatology. Findings from this pilot study begin to inform future intervention work to best support this highly vulnerable population. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32674654/ doi: 10.1177/2150132720944074 id: cord-283287-073r80s7 author: Farhoudian, Ali title: COVID-19 and Substance Use Disorders: Recommendations to a Comprehensive Healthcare Response. An International Society of Addiction Medicine Practice and Policy Interest Group Position Paper date: 2020-04-12 words: 8134.0 sentences: 434.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283287-073r80s7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283287-073r80s7.txt summary: People Who Use Drugs (PWUD) are a marginalized and stigmatized group with weaker immunity responses, vulnerability to stress, poor health conditions, high-risk behaviors, and lower access to health care services. In this paper, an international group of experts on addiction medicine, infectious diseases, and disaster psychiatry explore the possible raised concerns in this issue and provide recommendations to manage the comorbidity of COVID-19 and Substance Use Disorder (SUD). Therefore, a group of international experts on addiction medicine, infectious diseases, and disaster management teamed up to explore the comorbidity of COVID-19 infection with substance use disorder and identify the necessary recommendations for health service providers and policymakers in this situation. Health authorities should develop and apply specific strategies for PWUD for early COVID-19 identification and patient isolation, interrupting transmission, providing appropriate care, attending medical issues, and minimizing negative social impact. abstract: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is escalating all over the world and has higher morbidities and mortalities in certain vulnerable populations. People Who Use Drugs (PWUD) are a marginalized and stigmatized group with weaker immunity responses, vulnerability to stress, poor health conditions, high-risk behaviors, and lower access to health care services. These conditions put them at a higher risk of COVID-19 infection and its complications. In this paper, an international group of experts on addiction medicine, infectious diseases, and disaster psychiatry explore the possible raised concerns in this issue and provide recommendations to manage the comorbidity of COVID-19 and Substance Use Disorder (SUD). url: https://doi.org/10.32598/bcn.11.covid19.1 doi: 10.32598/bcn.11.covid19.1 id: cord-352460-ql0eogzz author: Farmer, Nicole title: COVID-19: Growing Health Disparity Gaps and an Opportunity for Health Behavior Discovery? date: 2020-07-10 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Recently, racial and ethnic disparities within the current coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic at the state level have received attention and notably highlight the ongoing issues surrounding health disparities within the United States. Among the discussions around health disparities lies a discussion on the role of psychosocial stress during this pandemic, especially with broadly applied social distancing and isolation recommendations. In nonpandemic times, psychosocial stressors have a significant association with physiological responses and behavioral responses. Within the current pandemic, increased attention on health-promoting behaviors, such as cooking and physical activity, has occurred. However, based on disparities from structural racism and socioeconomic effects on neighborhood environments, we may see a limiting value to the possible mitigating role of health behaviors within some disparate communities. We present in this perspective that there may be a role for behavioral interventions to mitigate psychosocial stressors and promote health behaviors. It may also be important to consider the use of multilevel behavioral interventions designed in the context of environmental and perceptual barriers during the COIVD-19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32775940/ doi: 10.1089/heq.2020.0026 id: cord-338866-d6l0fnb8 author: Farquharson, Wilfred H. title: Debate: Exposing the most serious infirmity–racism’s impact on health in the era of COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-19 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The COVID‐19 pandemic retells a story that other diseases like HIV, diabetes, and cancer have clearly internationally illustrated. Minorities in developed countries across the globe – especially those of African, Hispanic, and Native American descent – suffer a greater burden of disease than whites. The evidence of the cause and effect relationship of racism on mental and minority health outcomes is staggering. Racism and its influence on policy and important structural systems allow health inequities across racial and ethnic groups to persist. What’s more troubling is how systemic racism impacts children from all races and has been perpetuated across many generations dating back hundreds of years. The impact of racial oppression is seen through intergenerational trauma which impacts youth in varying ways. For this article, we offer three areas in which racism causes healthcare disparities, intergenerational trauma, social determinants, and cultural mistrust. Effective policy change and a greater level of accountability must be placed on major systems including health care, to most fully counter racism’s varied role in sustaining mental health inequities. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/camh.12407 doi: 10.1111/camh.12407 id: cord-005078-gr2vioor author: Fedorowicz, Jane title: Reinvention of interorganizational systems: A case analysis of the diffusion of a bio-terror surveillance system date: 2009-04-03 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Innovation diffusion theory proposed that adopters—whether individuals or organizations—sometimes reinvent an innovation as they gain experience using it. Reinvention can enhance (or impede) the likelihood of an IS innovation’s acceptance and further diffusion. This paper reports on a case study of BioSense, an interorganizational system that was designed as an early detection tool for bio-terror attacks and subsequently modified to better serve this need as well as to operate as a public health system for pinpointing geographic clusters of dangerous/acute disease outbreaks. By examining the interplay among the political and organizational dynamics and technical properties of the BioSense system, we shed light on processes affecting reinvention in an interorganizational context. We discuss our findings in light of theories of the diffusion and reinvention of innovations. We use Rogers’ (1995) list of factors supporting reinvention to structure the discussion of the fidelity and uniformity of the innovation within the processes it supports in adopting health services organizations. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7088276/ doi: 10.1007/s10796-009-9167-y id: cord-311209-dcxp9lb8 author: Feinstein, Robert E. title: A health care workers mental health crisis line in the age of COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-15 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: INTRODUCTION: The COVID‐19 pandemic has brought a health care crisis of unparalleled devastation. A mental health crisis as a second wave has begun to emerge in our front‐line health care workers. OBJECTIVE: To address these needs, The Healthcare Worker Mental Health COVID‐19 Hotline, based on crisis intervention principles, was developed and launched in 2 weeks. METHODS: Upon reflection of why this worked, we decided it might be useful to describe what we now recognize as 13‐steps which led to our success. The process included the following: (1) anticipate mental health needs; (2) use leadership capable of mobilizing the systems and resources; (3) convene a multidisciplinary team; (4) delegate tasks and set timelines; (5) choose a clinical service model; (6) motivate staff as a workforce of volunteers; (7) develop training and educational materials; (8) develop personal, local, and national resources; (9) develop marketing plans; (10) deliver the training; (11) launch a 24 hr/7days per week Healthcare Worker Mental Health COVID‐19 Hotline, and launch follow‐up sessions for staff; (12) structure data collection to determine effectiveness and outcomes; and (13) obtain funding (not required). DISCUSSION: We believe the process we used is specifically useful for others who may want to develop a COVID‐19 hotline services for health care workers and generally useful for the development of other mental health services. CONCLUSION: We hope that this process may serve as a guide for other heath care systems. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32667106/ doi: 10.1002/da.23073 id: cord-315826-z32uf37q author: Feldman, Candace H. title: Issue 1 date: 2020-09-02 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32981651/ doi: 10.1016/j.rdc.2020.08.001 id: cord-032492-2av9kl1c author: Feldman, Sue S. title: Impact of Provider Prior Use of HIE on System Complexity, Performance, Patient Care, Quality and System Concerns date: 2020-09-23 words: 7313.0 sentences: 348.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-032492-2av9kl1c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-032492-2av9kl1c.txt summary: Results indicated providers whom previously used HIE had more positive perceptions about its benefits in terms of system complexity (p = .001), care delivery (p = .000), population health (p = .003), and provider performance (p = .005); women providers were more positive in terms of system concerns (p = .000); patient care (p = .031), and population health (p = .009); providers age 44–55 were more positive than older and younger groups in terms of patient care (p = .032), population health (p = .021), and provider performance (p = .014); while differences also existed across professional license groups (physician, nurse, other license, admin (no license)) for all five constructs (p < .05); and type of organization setting (hospital, ambulatory clinic, medical office, other) for three constructs including system concerns (p = .017), population health (p = .018), and provider performance (p = .018). The survey had three sections: (1) demographics (age, job, gender) and system usage characteristics; (2) familiarity with technology; and (3) user perceptions across an author generated scale inclusive of the following constructs: system complexity, health information exchange system concerns, provider performance, patient care, and population care. abstract: To date, most HIE studies have investigated user perceptions of value prior to use. Few studies have assessed factors associated with the value of HIE through its actual use. This study investigates provider perceptions on HIE comparing those who had prior experience vs those who had no experience with it. In so doing, we identify six constructs: prior use, system complexity, system concerns, public/population health, care delivery, and provider performance. This study uses a mixed methods approach to data collection. From 15 interviews of medical community leaders, a survey was constructed and administered to 263 clinicians. Descriptive statistics and analysis of variance was used, along with Tukey HSD tests for multiple comparisons. Results indicated providers whom previously used HIE had more positive perceptions about its benefits in terms of system complexity (p = .001), care delivery (p = .000), population health (p = .003), and provider performance (p = .005); women providers were more positive in terms of system concerns (p = .000); patient care (p = .031), and population health (p = .009); providers age 44–55 were more positive than older and younger groups in terms of patient care (p = .032), population health (p = .021), and provider performance (p = .014); while differences also existed across professional license groups (physician, nurse, other license, admin (no license)) for all five constructs (p < .05); and type of organization setting (hospital, ambulatory clinic, medical office, other) for three constructs including system concerns (p = .017), population health (p = .018), and provider performance (p = .018). There were no statistically significant differences found between groups based on a provider’s role in an organization (patient care, administration, teaching/research, other). Different provider perspectives about the value derived from HIE use exist depending on prior experience with HIE, age, gender, license (physician, nurse, other license, admin (no license)), and type of organization setting (hospital, ambulatory clinic, medical office, other). This study draws from the theory of planned behavior to understand factors related to physicians’ perceptions about HIE value, serving as a departure point for more detailed investigations of provider perceptions and behavior in regard to future HIE use and promoting interoperability. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7508630/ doi: 10.1007/s10796-020-10064-x id: cord-302704-rj4le1qn author: Felknor, Sarah A. title: How Will the Future of Work Shape the OSH Professional of the Future? A Workshop Summary date: 2020-09-30 words: 5163.0 sentences: 235.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302704-rj4le1qn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302704-rj4le1qn.txt summary: Rapid and profound changes anticipated in the future of work will have significant implications for the education and training of occupational safety and health (OSH) professionals and the workforce. It is therefore likely that there will be a need for new disciplines and specialties in OSH or, at a minimum, a broader skill set and expanded training of traditional OSH professions to include occupational health psychology, human resource management, and TWH [18] . It is therefore likely that there will be a need for new disciplines and specialties in OSH or, at a minimum, a broader skill set and expanded training of traditional OSH professions to include occupational health psychology, human resource management, and TWH [18] . It is important to note that the workshop was designed to identify challenges, gaps, and needs facing the future of education and training of OSH professionals and not necessarily to provide concrete answers or next steps in the development of curricula, credentialing of OSH professions, or evaluation of new training methods. abstract: Rapid and profound changes anticipated in the future of work will have significant implications for the education and training of occupational safety and health (OSH) professionals and the workforce. As the nature of the workplace, work, and the workforce change, the OSH field must expand its focus to include existing and new hazards (some yet unknown), consider how to protect the health and well-being of a diverse workforce, and understand and mitigate the safety implications of new work arrangements. Preparing for these changes is critical to developing proactive systems that can protect workers, prevent injury and illness, and promote worker well-being. An in-person workshop held on February 3–4, 2020 at The University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHealth) School of Public Health in Houston, Texas, USA, examined some of the challenges and opportunities OSH education will face in both academic and industry settings. The onslaught of the COVID-19 global pandemic reached the United States one month after this workshop and greatly accelerated the pace of change. This article summarizes presentations from national experts and thought leaders across the spectrum of OSH and professionals in the fields of strategic foresight, systems thinking, and industry, and provides recommendations for the field. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33007820/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17197154 id: cord-271765-altqn10l author: Fernández-Díaz, Elena title: Exploring WHO Communication during the COVID 19 Pandemic through the WHO Website Based on W3C Guidelines: Accessible for All? date: 2020-08-05 words: 6459.0 sentences: 272.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271765-altqn10l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271765-altqn10l.txt summary: Therefore, any communication must be understandable and accessible by all types of people, regardless of their technology, language, culture or disability (physical or mental), according to the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), taking on special relevance for public health content. Moreover, it is surprising that the average duration of visits has also increased, so it can be said that the WHO website has been and is a reference for consultation on public health on a global level, especially in times of pandemics This search result confirms that the WHO has a social responsibility to provide quality content and information that is accessible to all types of people, since as the network evolves, different challenges are being addressed, resulting in a continuous need for relationships and trust [29] . abstract: Health crisis situations generate greater attention and dependence on reliable and truthful information from citizens, especially from those organisations that represent authority on the subject, such as the World Health Organization (WHO). In times of global pandemics such as COVID-19, the WHO message “health for all” takes on great communicative importance, especially from the point of view of the prevention of the disease and recommendations for action. Therefore, any communication must be understandable and accessible by all types of people, regardless of their technology, language, culture or disability (physical or mental), according to the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), taking on special relevance for public health content. This study analysed whether the WHO is accessible in its digital version for all groups of citizens according to the widely accepted standards in the field of the Internet. The conclusion reached was that not all the information is accessible in accordance with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.1, which implies that there are groups that are, to some extent, left out, especially affecting the elderly. This study can contribute to the development of proposals and suggest ways in which to improve the accessibility of health content to groups especially vulnerable in this pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32764480/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17165663 id: cord-264187-5gy4nkhb author: Fielding, Jonathan E. title: Public Health in Big Cities: Looking Back, Looking Forward date: 2014-11-20 words: 2741.0 sentences: 136.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264187-5gy4nkhb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264187-5gy4nkhb.txt summary: The BCHC includes 20 of the largest local public health departments in the United States and is focused on building partnerships, exchanging ideas and best practices, and facilitating program and policy development by member departments. Just as I have focused locally on establishing my department in Los Angeles as the local voice of reliable health information and data, an important role for the BCHC is to identify and analyze the best science and collectively advocate for policies and programs that can improve health at the population level. Public health departments in large metropolitan areas such as Los Angeles County play a very important role in advancing the goals of the larger public health enterprise. Big cities and counties thus have the opportunity and responsibility to provide leadership for the broader public health community, and the Health Officer is in the best position to communicate how to effectively meet both continuing and new challenges. abstract: This commentary provides reflections of a public health official on the important role public health departments play in advancing the goals of the larger public health enterprise in big cities, counties, and large metropolitan areas. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25423052/ doi: 10.1097/phh.0000000000000134 id: cord-290901-bfho5w04 author: Figuié, Muriel title: Global health risks and cosmopolitisation: from emergence to interference date: 2013-03-20 words: 6047.0 sentences: 343.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290901-bfho5w04.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290901-bfho5w04.txt summary: International health organisations and western nations are exerting growing pressure on other countries to cooperate in managing health risks such as emerging diseases, as demonstrated during the recent episodes of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and avian flu (Scoones 2010). I conducted a comprehensive review of all the grey literature documents on avian flu issued by the Vietnamese ministries of health, and agriculture and rural development, of official documents on Vietnam''s strategy for avian flu (known as the ''Red Book'' and the ''Green Book'') and regulations adopted by the Vietnamese government, as well as expert reports from international and foreign organisations (FAO, WHO, Agrifood Consulting International and Agence Franc¸aise de De''veloppement). The authorities adopted the framing of avian flu as a pandemic threat (that is as a risk of second modernity) and cooperated with the international community to manage a global manufactured uncertainty. abstract: According to Beck’s ‘World at Risk’ theory, global risks push nations towards a cosmopolitisation of their health policy and open opportunities for a democratic turn. This article provides an empirical analysis of Beck’s theory, based on the experience of Vietnamese authorities from 2003 to 2007 in managing the emerging avian flu virus. It shows how Vietnam’s framing of avian flu has shifted, under the pressure from international organisations and the US administration, from an epizootic and zoonotic risk (or a classic risk) to a pandemic threat (or a late modern risk). Vietnam’s response was part of its overall strategy to join the World Trade Organization and it was limited by Vietnam’s defence of its sovereignty. This strategy has been successful for Vietnam but has limited the possibility of cosmopolitan and democratic transformations. The case study highlights the constructed dimension of risks of late modernity and their possible instrumentalisation: it minimises the role of a community of fear relative to a community of trade. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23517415/ doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9566.2012.01539.x id: cord-346310-venpta28 author: Filgueiras, A. title: Factors linked to changes in mental health outcomes among Brazilians in quarantine due to COVID-19 date: 2020-05-16 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The 2020 COVID-19 pandemic is a crisis of global proportions with a significant impact on the country of Brazil. The aims of this investigation were to track changes and risk factors for mental health outcomes during state-mandated quarantine. Adults residing in Brazil (n = 360, 37.9 years of age, 68.9% female) were surveyed at the start of quarantine and 1 month later. Outcomes assessed included perceived stress, state anxiety and depression. Aside from demographics, behaviors and attitudes assessed included exercise, diet, use of tele-psychotherapy and number of COVID-19 related risk factors, such as perceived risk of COVID-19, information overload, and feeling imprisoned. Overall, all mental health outcomes worsened from Time 1 to time 2, although there was a significant gender x time interaction for stress. 9.7% of the sample reported stress above the clinical cut-off (2 SD above mean), while 8.0% and 9.4% were above this cutoff for depression and anxiety, respectively. In repeated measures analysis, female gender, worsening diet and excess of COVID-19 information was related to all mental health outcomes. Changes in diet for the worse were associated with increases in anxiety. Exercise frequency was clearly related to state anxiety (0 days/week > 6 days/week). Those who did aerobic exercise did not have any increase in depression. Use of tele-psychotherapy predicted lower levels of depression and anxiety. In multiple regression, anxiety was predicted by the greatest number of COVID-19 specific factors. In conclusion, mental health outcomes worsened for Brazilians during the first month of quarantine and these changes are associated with a variety of risk factors. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.12.20099374 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.12.20099374 id: cord-258229-l716wjwn author: Fiorillo, Andrea title: Effects of the lockdown on the mental health of the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy: Results from the COMET collaborative network date: 2020-09-28 words: 6702.0 sentences: 311.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258229-l716wjwn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258229-l716wjwn.txt summary: The COMET trial includes three phases: phase one consists in the dissemination of a survey on the impact of lockdown and its related containment measures on the mental health of the Italian general population; the second phase consists in the development of a new psychosocial online supportive intervention [41] [42] [43] [44] [45] [46] [47] [48] for the management of the consequences on mental health of the pandemic; the last phase consists in the evaluation of the efficacy and feasibility of the experimental psychosocial intervention in a randomized control trial. In order to evaluate factors associated with the severity of depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms at DASS-21 (primary outcomes), multivariate linear regression models were performed, including as independent variables: being infected by COVID-19, having a pre-existing mental disorder, being a healthcare professional. abstract: BACKGROUND: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an unprecedented traumatic event influencing the healthcare, economic, and social welfare systems worldwide. In order to slow the infection rates, lockdown has been implemented almost everywhere. Italy, one of the countries most severely affected, entered the “lockdown” on March 8, 2020. METHODS: The COvid Mental hEalth Trial (COMET) network includes 10 Italian university sites and the National Institute of Health. The whole study has three different phases. The first phase includes an online survey conducted between March and May 2020 in the Italian population. Recruitment took place through email invitation letters, social media, mailing lists of universities, national medical associations, and associations of stakeholders (e.g., associations of users/carers). In order to evaluate the impact of lockdown on depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms, multivariate linear regression models were performed, weighted for the propensity score. RESULTS: The final sample consisted of 20,720 participants. Among them, 12.4% of respondents (N = 2,555) reported severe or extremely severe levels of depressive symptoms, 17.6% (N = 3,627) of anxiety symptoms and 41.6% (N = 8,619) reported to feel at least moderately stressed by the situation at the DASS-21. According to the multivariate regression models, the depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms significantly worsened from the week April 9–15 to the week April 30 to May 4 (p < 0.0001). Moreover, female respondents and people with pre-existing mental health problems were at higher risk of developing severe depression and anxiety symptoms (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Although physical isolation and lockdown represent essential public health measures for containing the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, they are a serious threat for mental health and well-being of the general population. As an integral part of COVID-19 response, mental health needs should be addressed. url: https://doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2020.89 doi: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2020.89 id: cord-347284-q1rhbroy author: Fischer, Alexandra R. title: Social-ecological considerations for the sleep health of rural mothers date: 2020-10-20 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Using a social-ecological framework, we identify social determinants that interact to influence sleep health, identify gaps in the literature, and make recommendations for targeting sleep health in rural mothers. Rural mothers experience unique challenges and protective factors in maintaining adequate sleep health during the postpartum and early maternal years. Geographic isolation, barriers to comprehensive behavioral medicine services, and intra-rural ethno-racial disparities are discussed at the societal (e.g., public policy), social (e.g., community) and individual levels (e.g., stress) of the social-ecological model. Research on sleep health would benefit from attention to methodological considerations of factors affecting rural mothers such as including parity in population-level analyses or applying community-based participatory research principles. Future sleep health programs would benefit from using existing social support networks to disseminate sleep health information, integrating behavioral health services into clinical care frameworks, and tailoring culturally-appropriate Telehealth/mHealth programs to enhance the sleep health of rural mothers. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-020-00189-4 doi: 10.1007/s10865-020-00189-4 id: cord-311172-4uk2y206 author: Fischer, Benedikt title: Some notes on the use, concept and socio-political framing of ‘stigma’ focusing on an opioid-related public health crisis date: 2020-08-03 words: 4383.0 sentences: 165.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311172-4uk2y206.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311172-4uk2y206.txt summary: Concretely, it is unclear how the remedial actions proposed will materially alleviate stigma process and impacts, especially given apparent gaps in the issues examined, including essential strategies – for example, reform of drug user criminalization as a fundamental element and driver of structural stigma for action that directly relate to the jurisdictions and privileged mandates of the report sources themselves as health and policy leaders. Luomo notes that research on stigma in the addiction realm is in its "infancy", and that even less is known on "how to reduce stigma in this area." [10] Two pre-eminent ''anti-stigma'' manifests Both above-mentioned reports ascribe fundamental and sweeping cause-effect agency, as well as necessary remedial prescriptions to the phenomenon of ''stigma'' as applied to the current public health crisis of substance/ opioid use in Canada. abstract: Canada has been home to a longstanding public health crisis related to opioids, including an extensive mortality and morbidity toll in the face of substantive intervention gaps. Recently (2019), two extensive reports from preeminent federal authorities – the Chief Public Health Officer and the Mental Health Commission of Canada – have been tabled with detailed, core focus on the phenomenon of ‘stigma’ and its impacts on substance/opioid use and harms. The reports present extensive descriptions of the nature and effects, as well as a multitude of prescriptions for remedial measures and actions to “stop the cycle of stigma”. Closer reading of the documents, however, suggests substantial conceptual and empirical limitations in the characterization of the – multi-faceted and challenging – nature and workings of ‘stigma’ as a socio-political, structural or individual process or force, specifically as it applies to and negatively affects substance use and related outcomes, primarily the wellbeing of substance users. Concretely, it is unclear how the remedial actions proposed will materially alleviate stigma process and impacts, especially given apparent gaps in the issues examined, including essential strategies – for example, reform of drug user criminalization as a fundamental element and driver of structural stigma - for action that directly relate to the jurisdictions and privileged mandates of the report sources themselves as health and policy leaders. The commentary provides some concrete while subjective notes and observations on the dynamics of stigma as applies to and framed for substance/opioid use, as well as strategies and measures necessary to both tangibly address the material health and wellbeing of substance users, and related forces of stigma, in the distinct context of the opioid crisis in Canada. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32746871/ doi: 10.1186/s13011-020-00294-2 id: cord-266667-6isk8jgj author: Fix, Gemmae M. title: Health care workers’ perceptions and reported use of respiratory protective equipment: A qualitative analysis date: 2019-06-07 words: 4142.0 sentences: 250.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266667-6isk8jgj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266667-6isk8jgj.txt summary: BACKGROUND: Little is known about health care workers'' (HCW) perceptions of, or experiences using, respiratory protective equipment (RPE). RESULTS: We identified 5 story types surrounding RPE use: 1) policies are known and seen during work routines; 2) during protocol lapses, use is reinforced through social norms; 3) clinical experiences sometimes supersede protocol adherence; 4) when risk perception is high, we found concern regarding accessing RPE; and 5) HCWs in emergency departments were viewed as not following protocol because risk was ever-present. HCW adherence to respiratory infection control guidelines, including vaccinations, are known to be influenced by personal and contextual factors, such as knowledge gaps, perceived risk, ethical and legal concerns, and economic issues 9, 10 Health behavior theories, such as the Health Belief Model, 11 have been used to examine adoption of health-related behaviors. abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known about health care workers’ (HCW) perceptions of, or experiences using, respiratory protective equipment (RPE). We sought to characterize their perceptions and identify reasons underlying inappropriate use. METHODS: We conducted 12 focus groups with nurses and nursing assistants at 4 medical centers. We analyzed the thematic content of 73 discrete “stories” told by focus group participants. RESULTS: We identified 5 story types surrounding RPE use: 1) policies are known and seen during work routines; 2) during protocol lapses, use is reinforced through social norms; 3) clinical experiences sometimes supersede protocol adherence; 4) when risk perception is high, we found concern regarding accessing RPE; and 5) HCWs in emergency departments were viewed as not following protocol because risk was ever-present. DISCUSSION: HCWs were aware of the importance of RPE and protocols for using it, and these supported use when protocol lapses occurred. However, protocol adherence was undermined by clinical experience, perceived risk, and the distinct context of the emergency department where patients continually arrive with incomplete or delayed diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS: Protocols, visual cues, and social norms contribute to a culture of safety. This culture can be undermined when HCWs experience diagnostic uncertainty or they mistrust the protocol and instead rely on their clinical experiences. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2019.04.174 doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2019.04.174 id: cord-310556-ebh59adi author: Flett, Gordon L. title: Aging and Feeling Valued Versus Expendable During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond: a Review and Commentary of Why Mattering Is Fundamental to the Health and Well-Being of Older Adults date: 2020-06-15 words: 14767.0 sentences: 645.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310556-ebh59adi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310556-ebh59adi.txt summary: This work has also resulted in the creation of the first measure of suicide ideation tailored specifically to the needs and lives of older people, the Geriatric Suicide Ideation Scale (Heisel and Flett 2006) , which assesses sociocultural and existential factors (i.e., its "Loss of Personal and Social Worth" and "Perceived Meaning in Life" subscales) in addition to thoughts and wishes to die and for suicide. abstract: The current commentary and review examines the potentially protective role of feelings of mattering among elderly people during typical times and the current atypical times associated with the COVID-19 global pandemic. Mattering is the feeling of being important to others in ways that give people the sense that they are valued and other people care about them. We contrast this feeling with messages of not mattering and being expendable and disposable due to ageism, gaps in the provision of care, and apparently economically focused positions taken during the pandemic that disrespect the value, worth, and merits of older persons. We provide a comprehensive review of past research on individual differences in mattering among older adults and illustrate the unique role of mattering in potentially protecting older adults from mental health problems. Mattering is also discussed in terms of its links with loneliness and physical health. This article concludes with a discussion of initiatives and interventions that can be modified and enhanced to instill a sense of mattering among older adults. Key directions for future research are also highlighted along with ways to expand the mattering concept to more fully understand and appreciate the relevance of mattering among older adults. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32837430/ doi: 10.1007/s11469-020-00339-4 id: cord-351204-5m1ch7ls author: Ford, James D. title: Vulnerability of Aboriginal health systems in Canada to climate change date: 2010-06-22 words: 10344.0 sentences: 471.0 pages: flesch: 33.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351204-5m1ch7ls.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351204-5m1ch7ls.txt summary: The existing burden of ill-health increases the sensitivity of Indigenous peoples to the adverse impacts of climate change, which combined with a proportionally higher dependence of many Indigenous Climate change Health Adaptation Vulnerability Aboriginal Inuit Mé tis First nations Canada Social determinants of health Inequality Indigenous A B S T R A C T Climate change has been identified as potentially the biggest health threat of the 21st century. However, there remains a significant deficit in information required to inform and guide adaptation among Aboriginal peoples-part of what we broadly term an Indigenous peoples ''vulnerability deficit.'' Major Canadian assessments of climate change, for example, identify research on Aboriginal health a priority for action , and while Furgal and Prowse (2008) focus on the health of mostly Inuit inhabitants in the north, other Aboriginal populations have been less studied (Healey and Meadows, 2007; Wilson and Young, 2008) . abstract: Climate change has been identified as potentially the biggest health threat of the 21st century. Canada in general has a well developed public health system and low burden of health which will moderate vulnerability. However, there is significant heterogeneity in health outcomes, and health inequality is particularly pronounced among Aboriginal Canadians. Intervention is needed to prevent, prepare for, and manage climate change effects on Aboriginal health but is constrained by a limited understanding of vulnerability and its determinants. Despite limited research on climate change and Aboriginal health, however, there is a well established literature on Aboriginal health outcomes, determinants, and trends in Canada; characteristics that will determine vulnerability to climate change. In this paper we systematically review this literature, using a vulnerability framework to identify the broad level factors constraining adaptive capacity and increasing sensitivity to climate change. Determinants identified include: poverty, technological capacity constraints, socio-political values and inequality, institutional capacity challenges, and information deficit. The magnitude and nature of these determinants will be distributed unevenly within and between Aboriginal populations necessitating place-based and regional level studies to examine how these broad factors will affect vulnerability at lower levels. The study also supports the need for collaboration across all sectors and levels of government, open and meaningful dialogue between policy makers, scientists, health professionals, and Aboriginal communities, and capacity building at a local level, to plan for climate change. Ultimately, however, efforts to reduce the vulnerability of Aboriginal Canadians to climate change and intervene to prevent, reduce, and manage climate-sensitive health outcomes, will fail unless the broader determinants of socio-economic and health inequality are addressed. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0959378010000439 doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2010.05.003 id: cord-104288-120uu4dh author: Ford, Lea Berrang title: Climate Change and Health in Canada date: 2009-01-17 words: 4078.0 sentences: 233.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-104288-120uu4dh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-104288-120uu4dh.txt summary: Health impacts due to climate change have already been documented, including changes in the range of some vector-borne diseases (28, 29, (31) (32) (33) and an increase in heatwave-related deaths (11, 34, 35) . While the burden of negative health impacts will be disproportionately high in poorer countries, even high-income countries will be vulnerable to morbidity and mortality related to increases in the number and severity of extreme weather events such as storms, heatwaves, and floods (16) . These include: Increased surveillance, particularly of disease vectors, water quality, and air pollutants; Integration of climate projections into emergency planning and disaster preparedness (79) ; Improved access to preventive care and primary physician care to promote early detection of new disease emergence or shifting disease incidence; Integration of climate change considerations into education programming for medical students and primary health care workers; Integration of climate projection parameters into urban planning to increase protection against extreme weather events (55, (90) (91) (92) ; Increased monitoring and evaluation of food production systems and water monitoring safety given climate projections (26, 41, 63, 68) ; Development of heat wave alerts and responses, and mitigation of urban heat islands (41, 52, 53, 91) , and; Increased multi-national support for improved health capacity in low and middle income countries. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2687921/ doi: nan id: cord-023913-pnjhi8cu author: Foreman, Stephen title: Broader Considerations of Medical and Dental Data Integration date: 2011-10-08 words: 47663.0 sentences: 2231.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-023913-pnjhi8cu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-023913-pnjhi8cu.txt summary: So while there has been no shortage of effort paid to improving Medicare, the one common theme in all of the recent initiatives is that dental care has been conspicuously 1 A new study by Hedlund, Jeffcoat, Genco and Tanna funded by CIGNA of patients with Type II diabetes and periodontal disease found that medical costs of patients who received maintenance therapy were $2483.51 per year lower than patients who did not. Examples of integrated care models do exist, such as that presented by (Heuer 2007 ) involving school-linked and school-based clinics with an "innovative health infrastructure." According to Heuer, "Neighborhood Outreach Action for Health (NOAH)" is staffed by two nurse practitioners and a part-time physician to provide "primary medical services to more than 3,200 uninsured patients each year" in Scottsdale, Arizona. abstract: Dental health insurance coverage in the United States is either nonexistent (Medicare and the uninsured), spotty (Medicaid) and limited (most employer-based private benefit plans). Perhaps as a result, dental health in the United States is not good. What public policy makers may not appreciate is that this may well be impacting medical care costs in a way that improved dental benefits would produce a substantial return to investment in expanded dental insurance coverage. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7177026/ doi: 10.1007/978-1-4471-2185-5_4 id: cord-034243-iz2alys0 author: Francis, John G. title: Fairness in the Use of Information About Carriers of Resistant Infections date: 2020-04-06 words: 6171.0 sentences: 283.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-034243-iz2alys0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-034243-iz2alys0.txt summary: One standard menu of approaches to the prevalence of anti-microbial resistance diseases is to enhance surveillance, fund research to develop new antimicrobials, and educate providers and patients to reduce unnecessary antimicrobial use. Moreover, in today''s world of investment in drug discovery, "creating an environment in which data exchange and knowledge sharing are the status quo will be difficult given proprietary concerns and the variety of information types and formats, which may range from historical data to new findings produced as part of this research effort." The Pew consensus is that the following forms of information sharing are needed: a review of what is known about compounds that effectively penetrate gram-negative bacteria, a searchable catalogue of chemical matter including an ongoing list of promising antibacterial compounds, information on screening assays and conditions tested, and an informational database of available biological and physicochemical data. These four aspects of fairness-who is included in the play, what opportunities they have, how these opportunities are balanced, and whether there are elements of reciprocity-can be used to set vector and victim perspectives into context in addressing the gathering and use of information about antimicrobial resistance. abstract: One standard menu of approaches to the prevalence of anti-microbial resistance diseases is to enhance surveillance, fund research to develop new antimicrobials, and educate providers and patients to reduce unnecessary antimicrobial use. The primarily utilitarian reasoning behind this menu is unstable, however, if it fails to take fairness into account. This chapter develops an account of the fair uses of information gained in public health surveillance. We begin by sketching information needs and gaps in surveillance. We then demonstrate how analysis of information uses is incomplete if viewed from the perspectives of likely vectors of disease who may be subjects of fear and stigma and likely victims who may be coerced into isolation or quarantine. Next, we consider aspects of fairness in the use of information in non-ideal circumstances: inclusive participation in decisions about information use, resource plans for those needing services, and assurances of reciprocal support. Fairness in information use recognizes the ineluctable twinning of victims and vectors in the face of serious pandemic disease. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7586433/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-27874-8_15 id: cord-014828-zoxgacwy author: Francis, Leslie P. title: Syndromic Surveillance and Patients as Victims and Vectors date: 2009-06-10 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Syndromic surveillance uses new ways of gathering data to identify possible disease outbreaks. Because syndromic surveillance can be implemented to detect patterns before diseases are even identified, it poses novel problems for informed consent, patient privacy and confidentiality, and risks of stigmatization. This paper analyzes these ethical issues from the viewpoint of the patient as victim and vector. It concludes by pointing out that the new International Health Regulations fail to take full account of the ethical challenges raised by syndromic surveillance. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7088530/ doi: 10.1007/s11673-009-9163-4 id: cord-285532-rknygv7u author: Fraser, Michael R. title: ASTHO at 75: Celebrating the Past and Preparing for the Future date: 2017-08-04 words: 2617.0 sentences: 92.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285532-rknygv7u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285532-rknygv7u.txt summary: Similar workforce development investments have allowed ASTHO to convene executive leaders in state and territorial health agencies, including senior deputies, legislative liaisons, and program leads in the areas of public health preparedness, environmental health, informatics, human resources, finance, and several others. ASTHO received federal dollars through cooperative agreements with the CDC and the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response to convene state and territorial public health officers and preparedness directors, support state efforts to build preparedness and response programs, and assist in national disasters and emergencies as a response partner. While the future is unclear, what is certain is the continued need for ASTHO and the work it carries out in the areas of leadership development, advocacy, and capacity building for state and territorial public health officers and teams and agencies they lead. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28759554/ doi: 10.1097/phh.0000000000000629 id: cord-353718-8a5pq57e author: Freitas, Ângela title: Assessing Urban Health Inequities through a Multidimensional and Participatory Framework: Evidence from the EURO-HEALTHY Project date: 2020-08-28 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Urban health inequities often reflect and follow the geographic patterns of inequality in the social, economic and environmental conditions within a city—the so-called determinants of health. Evidence of patterns within these conditions can support decision-making by identifying where action is urgent and which policies and interventions are needed to mitigate negative impacts and enhance positive impacts. Within the scope of the EU-funded project EURO-HEALTHY (Shaping EUROpean policies to promote HEALTH equitY), the City of Lisbon was selected as a case study to apply a multidimensional and participatory assessment approach of urban health whose purpose was to inform the evaluation of policies and interventions with potential to address local health gaps. In this paper, we present the set of indicators identified as drivers of urban health inequities within the City of Lisbon, exploring the added value of using a spatial indicator framework together with a participation process to orient a place-based assessment and to inform policies aimed at reducing health inequities. Two workshops with a panel of local stakeholders from health and social care services, municipal departments (e.g. urban planning, environment, social rights and education) and non-governmental and community-based organizations were organized. The aim was to engage local stakeholders to identify locally critical situations and select indicators of health determinants from a spatial equity perspective. To support the analysis, a matrix of 46 indicators of health determinants, with data disaggregated at the city neighbourhood scale, was constructed and was complemented with maps. The panel identified critical situations for urban health equity in 28 indicators across eight intervention axes: economic conditions, social protection and security; education; demographic change; lifestyles and behaviours; physical environment; built environment; road safety and healthcare resources and performance. The geographical distribution of identified critical situations showed that all 24 city neighbourhoods presented one or more problems. A group of neighbourhoods systematically perform worse in most indicators from different intervention axes, requiring not only priority action but mainly a multi- and intersectoral policy response. The indicator matrices and maps have provided a snapshot of urban inequities across different intervention axes, making a compelling argument for boosting intersectoral work across municipal departments and local stakeholders in the City of Lisbon. This study, by integrating local evidence in combination with social elements, pinpoints the importance of a place-based approach for assessing urban health equity. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32860097/ doi: 10.1007/s11524-020-00471-5 id: cord-319226-yvgvyif0 author: French, Jeff title: Key Guidelines in Developing a Pre-Emptive COVID-19 Vaccination Uptake Promotion Strategy date: 2020-08-13 words: 6355.0 sentences: 357.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319226-yvgvyif0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319226-yvgvyif0.txt summary: This paper makes the case for immediate planning for a COVID-19 vaccination uptake strategy in advance of vaccine availability for two reasons: first, the need to build a consensus about the order in which groups of the population will get access to the vaccine; second, to reduce any fear and concerns that exist in relation to vaccination and to create demand for vaccines. The paper explores key issues that relevant organizations must address and summarizes best practices that should be addressed when developing behavioral influence strategies to promote the uptake of COVID-19 vaccines effectively, efficiently, and ethically as they become available. Governments and their public health agencies need to develop a dialogue and joint strategy with social media platform providers to review and action against anti-vaccination misinformation and vaccine hesitancy promotion. Public health authorities need to build a proactive COVID-19 vaccine trust capacity for active engagement in the social media space as part of their overall promotional strategy [56] . abstract: This paper makes the case for immediate planning for a COVID-19 vaccination uptake strategy in advance of vaccine availability for two reasons: first, the need to build a consensus about the order in which groups of the population will get access to the vaccine; second, to reduce any fear and concerns that exist in relation to vaccination and to create demand for vaccines. A key part of this strategy is to counter the anti-vaccination movement that is already promoting hesitancy and resistance. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic there has been a tsunami of misinformation and conspiracy theories that have the potential to reduce vaccine uptake. To make matters worse, sections of populations in many countries display low trust in governments and official information about the pandemic and how the officials are tackling it. This paper aims to set out in short form critical guidelines that governments and regional bodies should take to enhance the impact of a COVID-19 vaccination strategy. We base our recommendations on a review of existing best practice guidance. This paper aims to assist those responsible for promoting COVID-19 vaccine uptake to digest the mass of guidance that exists and formulate an effective locally relevant strategy. A summary of key guidelines is presented based on best practice guidance. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32823775/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17165893 id: cord-016472-jj7fqcen author: Freudenberg, Nicholas title: Health Research Behind Bars: A Brief Guide to Research in Jails and Prisons date: 2007 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: While most people make staying out of jail and prison a priority, a growing number of researchers are eager to get into correctional facilities in order to study the criminal justice system, the causes and consequences of incarceration, and the role of corrections in our society. For health researchers and their collaborators, the audience for this chapter, correctional facilities offer several unique advantages: a population at high risk of many health problems including infectious and chronic diseases, substance abuse, and mental health problems; social and physical environments that can enhance or impede well-being; a setting that is a focal point for the class, racial/ethnic, and gender differences that divide the United States; a site where health and mental health services and prevention programs are offered and can be evaluated; a controlled environment for administration of treatments such as directly observed therapy for tuberculosis; and a stopping point in the cycle of incarceration and reentry that so profoundly affects community well-being. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7120758/ doi: 10.1007/978-0-387-71695-4_24 id: cord-104455-bcj2y90n author: Friedman, Eric A. title: Global Health in the Age of COVID-19: Responsive Health Systems Through a Right to Health Fund date: 2020-06-17 words: 4089.0 sentences: 202.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-104455-bcj2y90n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-104455-bcj2y90n.txt summary: Community-based and -driven accountability and participation • Local health service and other social accountability measures, such as village health committees and health facility monitors Participatory policymaking • Community-driven health impact assessments for policies, programs, and projects that affect the right to health, whether adversely (such as mines, fossil fuel subsidies, and deforestation) or positively (such as parks, public transportation, and healthy school meals) • Participatory health planning to ensure that urban and other community designs promote health for all and that pandemic preparedness plans protect marginalized populations • Participatory budgeting for health-related budgets • Participatory processes to develop health equity programs of action* Right to health capacity building • Community members'' and civil society organizations'' capacity to participate in health policymaking processes • Right to health literacy and education, including for community members, public officials, health workers, educators, judges, lawyers and paralegals, law enforcement officers, and journalists • Partnerships between legal services organizations and health providers to increase patients'' understanding of their rights and their access to justice • Information exchanges on successful right to health advocacy strategies • Government capacity to enforce standards on quality, non-discriminatory, acceptable, and accessible health care in the private sector and to carry out environmental safety testing and enforcement in marginalized communities • National human rights institutions'' capacity to investigate and resolve complaints about right to health violations Legal empowerment • Access to justice programs to support claims centering on the right to health Monitoring • Right to health monitoring, such as through national human rights institutions, parliamentary right to health investigations, and community platforms • Public expenditure tracking of health-related budgets In addition to funding activities such as these, the R2HCF could have targeted strategic initiatives. abstract: We propose that a Right to Health Capacity Fund (R2HCF) be created as a central institution of a reimagined global health architecture developed in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. Such a fund would help ensure the strong health systems required to prevent disease outbreaks from becoming devastating global pandemics, while ensuring genuinely universal health coverage that would encompass even the most marginalized populations. The R2HCF’s mission would be to promote inclusive participation, equality, and accountability for advancing the right to health. The fund would focus its resources on civil society organizations, supporting their advocacy and strengthening mechanisms for accountability and participation. We propose an initial annual target of US$500 million for the fund, adjusted based on needs assessments. Such a financing level would be both achievable and transformative, given the limited right to health funding presently and the demonstrated potential of right to health initiatives to strengthen health systems and meet the health needs of marginalized populations—and enable these populations to be treated with dignity. We call for a civil society-led multi-stakeholder process to further conceptualize, and then launch, an R2HCF, helping create a world where, whether during a health emergency or in ordinary times, no one is left behind. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7348449/ doi: nan id: cord-305338-6sidqomd author: Fu, Minghui title: Effects of public health policies on the health status and medical service utilization of Chinese internal migrants date: 2020-04-29 words: 5928.0 sentences: 312.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305338-6sidqomd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305338-6sidqomd.txt summary: 2 Besides, the combination of the individual-level "China Migrants Dynamic Survey" (CMDS) data and city-level statistical data facilitates a better understanding of the effects of public health policies on the health welfare of internal migrants, who have enormous difficulties in accessing to those services before the implementation of this program (Gao, Yang, & Li, 2012; Kinnan et al., 2018; Meng, 2012) . In this study, based on the individual-level data from CMDS and the city-level statistical data, we comprehensively evaluate the effects of EHFPSM implementation on the internal migrants'' basic public health service coverage and health status, as well as the spillover effect on their medical service utilization during 2013-2014 by combining the methods of PSM and DID. This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of the effects of the EHFPSM on internal migrants'' basic public health service coverage, health status and medical service utilization based on CMDS data and city-level statistic indicators. abstract: Abstract This paper examines the effects of the “Equalization Program of Basic Public Health and Family Planning Services for Migrants” (EHFPSM), a novel internal migrant-targeted public health policy, of China implemented in 2013. By combining the individual-level data from the “China Migrants Dynamic Survey” and city-level statistical data, we find that EHFPSM contributes to a 6.9% statistically significant increase in the probability of electronic health records coverage and a 7.2% increase in the probability of reimbursement in the last inpatient visit, as well as a 1.2% decrease in the probability of one-year prevalence. The mechanism test shows that this program promotes the migrants' understanding of the policies and social insurance coverage to enhance their health status. EHFPSM brings about more significant decreases in disease prevalence for male and less-educated migrants, and higher reimbursement probability for urban hukou migrants. Our paper facilitates better understanding of the role of public health policies in promoting the internal migrants' health from the perspective of China. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1043951X20300614?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.chieco.2020.101464 id: cord-284376-plwyjhl8 author: Fu, Xinmiao title: Simulating and forecasting the cumulative confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 in China by Boltzmann function-based regression analyses date: 2020-05-31 words: 14726.0 sentences: 782.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284376-plwyjhl8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284376-plwyjhl8.txt summary: All specimens tested negative by direct examination for PJ, whereas 27 were positive by real-time PCR (BAL, n = 18; sputa, n = 7, and TA, n = 2); Following stringent clinical, microbiological and imaging criteria ( Table 1 ) , PJP was deemed to be the most probable diagnosis in 12 episodes occurring in unique patients. In contrast, corticosteroid use within the month before sampling was not different between The probability of Pneumocystis jirovecii (PJ) pneumonia (PJP) for each patient was retrospectively evaluated by an expert committee including infectious diseases and microbiology specialists at both centers, on the basis of (i) documented PJ presence in respiratory specimens by microscopy; (ii) compatibility of clinical signs and symptoms (at least 2 of the following: subtle onset of progressive dyspnea, pyrexia, nonproductive cough, hypoxaemia and chest pain), (iii) compatible (suggestive) radiological findings (chest radiograph and/or high-resolution computed tomographic scan detection of interstitial opacities and/or diffuse infiltration infiltrates); (iv) complete resolution of symptoms after a full course of anti-PJP treatment; (v) absence of alternative diagnosis. abstract: • Cumulative confirmed cases in China were well fitted with Boltzmann function. • Potential total numbers of confirmed cases in different regions were estimated. • Key dates indicating minimal daily number of new confirmed cases were estimated. • Cumulative confirmed cases of 2003 SARS-CoV were well fitted to Boltzmann function. • The Boltzmann function was, for the first time, applied to epidemic analysis. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0163445320300980 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.02.019 id: cord-292166-nd3ozu9w author: Furr-Holden, Debra title: Access to Care During a Global Health Crisis date: 2020-05-06 words: 6024.0 sentences: 334.0 pages: flesch: 70.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292166-nd3ozu9w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292166-nd3ozu9w.txt summary: So, by moving all these things to telehealth, I think we have to be cognizant that some patients are not going to be able to access those things, and so in some ways, we are taking away barriers from people getting access to mental health care, but I also think we are also highlighting some increased barriers for some individuals. If telehealth is here to stay, which most people say it is, then coupled with the expansion in digital health care monitoring, such as using the Internet of Things in people''s homes to support better monitoring, we can start to see an intensification of the inequities for the communities served by these practices. If you think about it from a policy perspective, I love when you say not just universal health care, but also universal access to the Internet, especially if we are talking about telehealth and telemedicine and some of these other things. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32455251/ doi: 10.1089/heq.2020.29001.rtl2 id: cord-289175-n95j94ck author: GOSTIN, LAWRENCE O. title: Responding to COVID‐19: How to Navigate a Public Health Emergency Legally and Ethically date: 2020-03-26 words: 3596.0 sentences: 183.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289175-n95j94ck.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289175-n95j94ck.txt summary: Scarcity of health resources not only places COVID-19 patients at risk but will also delay care for patients with urgent needs such as for cancer, diabetes, and heart disease-and even affect safe delivery for pregnant women. This concept was encapsulated by the National Academy of Medicine as "crisis standards of care," defined as the "optimal level of care that can be delivered during a catastrophic event, requiring substantial change in usual health care operations." 4 In jurisdictions with declared public health emergencies, 5 crisis standards of care provide a mechanism for reallocating staff, facilities, and supplies to meet population needs. Second, beyond health workers, decisions about who is tested or who receives treatment must center on prevention of SARS-CoV-2 transmission (public health), protection of individuals at highest risk, meeting societal needs, and promoting social justice. Protecting public health may mean prioritizing resources for people in confined settings (such as homeless shelters, prisons, and nursing homes), where the virus can spread rapidly from person to person. abstract: Few novel or emerging infectious diseases have posed such vital ethical challenges so quickly and dramatically as the novel coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2. The World Health Organization declared a public health emergency of international concern and recently classified COVID‐19 as a worldwide pandemic. As of this writing, the epidemic has not yet peaked in the United States, but community transmission is widespread. President Trump declared a national emergency as fifty governors declared state emergencies. In the coming weeks, hospitals will become overrun, stretched to their capacities. When the health system becomes stretched beyond capacity, how can we ethically allocate scarce health goods and services? How can we ensure that marginalized populations can access the care they need? What ethical duties do we owe to vulnerable people separated from their families and communities? And how do we ethically and legally balance public health with civil liberties? url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32219845/ doi: 10.1002/hast.1090 id: cord-017721-5bp0qpte author: Gable, Lance title: Public Health Law and Biological Terrorism date: 2008-09-10 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7122365/ doi: 10.1007/978-1-59745-326-4_12 id: cord-325316-uffxyas1 author: Gagliano, Annalisa title: COVID-19 Epidemic in the Middle Province of Northern Italy: Impact, Logistics, and Strategy in the First Line Hospital date: 2020-03-24 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) began in China in early December 2019 and rapidly has spread to many countries around the globe, with the number of confirmed cases increasing every day. An epidemic has been recorded since February 20 in a middle province in Northern Italy (Lodi province, in the low Po Valley). The first line hospital had to redesign its logistical and departmental structure to respond to the influx of COVID-19-positive patients who needed hospitalization. Logistical and structural strategies were guided by the crisis unit, managing in 8 days from the beginning of the epidemic to prepare the hospital to be ready to welcome more than 200 COVID-19-positive patients with different ventilatory requirements, keeping clean emergency access lines, and restoring surgical interventions and deferred urgent, routine activity. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32207676/ doi: 10.1017/dmp.2020.51 id: cord-258818-ys3ezzzz author: Galea, Sandro title: Understanding the Covid-19 pandemic through the lens of population health science date: 2020-07-15 words: 3320.0 sentences: 147.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258818-ys3ezzzz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258818-ys3ezzzz.txt summary: While this pandemic was novel in 2020, its population health footprint was established long before the novel coronavirus crossed over into humans, following causes that are influenced by causes at multiple levels of influence, from national and state policies, to local conditions of exposure, to forces that shape risk of other diseases that in turn predispose populations to Covid-19 infection and its consequences. 8 This suggests that age interacts with the other causes of infection (exposure risks due to physical contact for example) as well as with other causes of morbidity (underlying diabetes or heart disease for example) to be a factor as important as the virus itself in determining the scale and consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic. 10 This reflects, rather simply, the central importance of age as an important, even if insufficient, covariate (i.e., age by itself, without SARS-CoV-2 infection does not result in Covid-19), one that changes our understanding of the disease through its intimate interaction with the key exposure, and should accordingly inform our public health action. abstract: In a few devastating short months in 2020, the Covid-19 pandemic changed global mobility and interaction in ways that were unimaginable to many of the world’s population as recently as in 2019. More than 10 million people have, at this writing, been infected by SAR-CoV-2 globally, and more than 500,000 have died of Covid-19. As our science progresses, it is becoming possible to apply the principles of population health science to help us better understand the pandemic. What does a formal approach to population health science teach us about Covid-19? Building on our previously published work about the foundations of population health, we offer a few observations—a first draft of population health science thinking—as it intersects with the Covid-19 pandemic. Of note, our collective understanding of the pathology and causes of Covid-19 are rapidly changing by the day, and thus we fully expect that this work will evolve and improve as science progresses. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwaa142 doi: 10.1093/aje/kwaa142 id: cord-347884-zpzncgiv author: Galimberti, Andrea title: Rethinking Urban and Food Policies to Improve Citizens Safety After COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-10-08 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The ongoing pandemic caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is literally changing the world. From December 2019 to date, more than 22 million cases have been reported worldwide and global health institutions are acting to slow down the virus transmission and are looking for possible prevention strategies in case of a new outbreak. As in other endemic or pandemic phenomena, the issues mostly covered by scientific and media attention are related to the diagnostic and therapeutic approach of COVID-19. However, a still neglected issue regards the adoption of a more systemic approach considering the close connection among the infection, the environment, and human behaviors, including the role of diet and urban management. To shed light on this issue, we brought together a faculty group involving experts in environment and biodiversity, food safety, human nutrition, and behavior, bioprospecting, as well as medical doctors having a deep knowledge of the complex historical relationship between humanity and vector-borne infections. Two main aspects emerged from the integrative overview of the current COVID-19 pandemic: (i) the scientific community should start sharing social actions and policy advocacy based on the assumption that human health strongly depends upon a sustainable exploitation of natural resources in populated areas; (ii) the specific strategic role of the cities in developing sustainable food systems and promoting healthy dietary patterns. Definitely, some priority issues should be addressed to achieve these goals, such as global efforts to increase food safety and security, which would benefit from urban and peri-urban agriculture enhancement, smallholder food producers support, and ecosystem services and local biodiversity maintenance. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2020.569542 doi: 10.3389/fnut.2020.569542 id: cord-018632-azrqz6hf author: Ganasegeran, Kurubaran title: Artificial Intelligence Applications in Tracking Health Behaviors During Disease Epidemics date: 2019-11-21 words: 4312.0 sentences: 231.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-018632-azrqz6hf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-018632-azrqz6hf.txt summary: Artificial Intelligence (AI) offers new hope in not only effectively pre-empting, preventing and combating the threats of infectious disease epidemics, but also facilitating the understanding of health-seeking behaviors and public emotions during epidemics. The human population is currently able to access potentially useful massive data sources of infectious disease spread through sentinel reporting systems, national surveillance systems (usually operated by national or regional disease centers such as the Center for Disease Control (CDC)), genome databases, internet search queries (also called infodemiology and infoveillance studies) [10] [11] [12] , Twitter data analysis [13, 14] , outbreak investigation reports, transportation dynamics [15] , vaccine reports [16] and human dynamics information [17] . With such high fluxes of health-seeking behavior using computers, a group of Italian researchers'' evaluated Google Trends search queries for terms related to "Ebola" outbreak at the global level and across countries where primary cases of Ebola were reported [26] . abstract: The threat of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases to global population health remains significantly enormous, and the pandemic preparedness capabilities necessary to confront such threats must be of greater potency. Artificial Intelligence (AI) offers new hope in not only effectively pre-empting, preventing and combating the threats of infectious disease epidemics, but also facilitating the understanding of health-seeking behaviors and public emotions during epidemics. From a systems-thinking perspective, and in today’s world of seamless boundaries and global interconnectivity, AI offers enormous potential for public health practitioners and policy makers to revolutionize healthcare and population health through focussed, context-specific interventions that promote cost-savings on therapeutic care, expand access to health information and services, and enhance individual responsibility for their health and well-being. This chapter systematically appraises the dawn of AI technology towards empowering population health to combat the rise of infectious disease epidemics. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7123557/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-35139-7_7 id: cord-339218-zobx4rw6 author: Gao, George F. title: For a better world: Biosafety strategies to protect global health date: 2019-06-30 words: 2291.0 sentences: 126.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339218-zobx4rw6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339218-zobx4rw6.txt summary: Due to globalization, biological threats have the potential to spread rapidly from one country to many others in a short amount of time, resulting in epidemics/pandemics, psychological trauma and economic and social breakdown [1] . Other epidemics included the emergence/re-emergence of H5N1 influenza (1997, 2003) [5, 6] , Vibrio cholerae in Haiti (2010), pandemic "swine flu" H1N1 (2009), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) (2012), Ebola virus disease in West Africa (2014), and Yersinia pestis in Madagascar (2017). Additionally, we also face the impact of emerging plant and animal diseases on agricultural production (the most recent being African Swine Fever virus in China), which have world-wide implications despite not posing a direct threat to human health. The proper and timely sharing of biosafety achievements, including infectious diseases prevention and control, AMR, genome editing, and synthetic biotechnology, will promote the capacity of all the partners to control current and future biological-related threats, guaranteeing human health. abstract: Abstract Biological threats, whether naturally occurring, accidental, or deliberate in origin, can result in disasters that are regional, national, or even global in scope if not properly contained. Many global communities, international programs, and governmental organizations have been established to mitigate these risks and challenges. In China, for example, the government has systematically implemented long-term plans including a complete country-wide architecture for biosafety management. It includes the establishment of a series of improved biosafety laws/regulations/standards and of a large number of high-level biosafety laboratories. All countries should encourage preparedness and improve surveillance systems to predict, identify, and respond to the next public health crisis. More grants and funds should be established for research into biosafety and biosecurity. Most importantly, international collaborations, partnerships, and communications should be enhanced. The journal Biosafety and Health aims to provide a global communications platform on biosafety related to human and animal health. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590053619300096 doi: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2019.03.001 id: cord-322123-z43vhxg5 author: Gardiner, Fergus W. title: Mental Health Crises in Rural and Remote Australia: An Assessment of Direct Medical Costs of Air Medical Retrievals and the Implications for the Societal Burden date: 2020-07-15 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: OBJECTIVE: Adequate mental health service provision in rural and remote Australian communities is problematic because of the tyranny of distance. The Royal Flying Doctor Service provides air medical retrieval for people in rural and remote areas. The economic impact on both the Royal Flying Doctor Service and the public hospital system for mental health–related air medical retrievals is unknown. We aimed to estimate the direct medical costs associated with air medical retrievals and subsequent hospitalizations for mental and behavioral disorders for the 2017 calendar year. METHODS: All patients with a primary working diagnosis of International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Version, Australian Modification F00 to F99 (mental and behavioral disorders) who underwent an air medical retrieval were included in this cost analysis. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Edition, Australian Modification codes were mapped to Australian Refined Diagnosis Related Group codes, with hospital costs applied from the National Hospital Cost Data Collection (2016/2017). All costs are reported in 2017 Australian dollars (AUDs). RESULTS: One hundred twenty-two primary evacuations and 926 interhospital transfers occurred with an in-flight diagnosis of F00 to F99, most commonly psychotic disorders, including schizophrenia and schizotypal disorders. The total direct medical costs were estimated to be AUD $20,070,527. Costs for primary evacuations accounted for 13% (AUD $2,611,260), with the majority of this associated with the subsequent hospital admission (AUD $1,770,139). Similarly, the majority of the costs associated with interhospital transfers (total costs = AUD $17,459,267) were also related to hospital costs (AUD $13,569,187). CONCLUSION: Direct medical costs associated with air medical retrievals for people experiencing a mental health crisis are substantial. The majority of costs are associated with hospital admission and treatment; however, the indirect (loss of productivity) and intangible (quality of life) costs are likely to be far greater. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2020.06.010 doi: 10.1016/j.amj.2020.06.010 id: cord-339886-th1da1bb author: Gardy, Jennifer L. title: Towards a genomics-informed, real-time, global pathogen surveillance system date: 2017-11-13 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The recent Ebola and Zika epidemics demonstrate the need for the continuous surveillance, rapid diagnosis and real-time tracking of emerging infectious diseases. Fast, affordable sequencing of pathogen genomes — now a staple of the public health microbiology laboratory in well-resourced settings — can affect each of these areas. Coupling genomic diagnostics and epidemiology to innovative digital disease detection platforms raises the possibility of an open, global, digital pathogen surveillance system. When informed by a One Health approach, in which human, animal and environmental health are considered together, such a genomics-based system has profound potential to improve public health in settings lacking robust laboratory capacity. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version of this article (doi:10.1038/nrg.2017.88) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29129921/ doi: 10.1038/nrg.2017.88 id: cord-309125-ddgoc5yk author: Gavin, Blánaid title: Opportunities for international collaboration in COVID-19 mental health research date: 2020-06-16 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32548682/ doi: 10.1007/s00787-020-01577-6 id: cord-340611-7ftnttm0 author: Gensheimer, K. F title: Challenges and opportunities in pandemic influenza planning: lessons learned from recent infectious disease preparedness and response efforts date: 2004-06-30 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Abstract The impact of the next pandemic influenza is likely to be far greater, by orders of magnitude, than most bioterrorism (BT) scenarios. A written pandemic emergency plan and establishment of emergency management teams are critical to mounting a coordinated and effective response to what will be a catastrophic event. Members of these teams should include public health, medical, emergency response and public safety officials, organized at each local, state and federal level. The tragic events of September 11, 2001 and the subsequent anthrax attacks have substantially increased funding and support for bioterrorism planning in the United States. Thus, public health officials have an unprecedented opportunity to strengthen current systems' planning efforts by promoting dual use bioterrorism/pandemic influenza plans. Combining lessons learned from the 2001 terrorist incidents, recent preevent smallpox vaccine programs and the history of past influenza pandemics, more effective strategies can be developed. For example, enhanced influenza surveillance systems can provide data that will not only provide early identification of a novel influenza strain, but will provide more timely recognition of other outbreaks of infectious diseases, including public health threats that may initially present as an influenza-like illness (ILI). In recent years, we have witnessed emerging and reemerging infectious disease threats that have presented us with challenges similar to those posed by an influenza pandemic. Such events highlight the need for advance planning to ensure an optimal response to a health emergency that is certain to be unpredictable, complex, rapidly evolving and accompanied by considerable public alarm. While advance warning for a terrorist attack is unlikely, the warning already exists for a possible new influenza strain, as evidenced by the recent cases of H5N1 in Hong Kong and the rapid global spread of cases of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ics.2004.01.021 doi: 10.1016/j.ics.2004.01.021 id: cord-326318-wm7y4lts author: George, M. Patricia title: How to Leverage Collaborations Between the BME Community and Local Hospitals to Address Critical Personal Protective Equipment Shortages During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-24 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The global COVID-19 pandemic disrupted supply chains across the world, resulting in a critical shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) for frontline healthcare workers. To preserve PPE for healthcare providers treating COVID-19 positive patients and to reduce asymptomatic transmission, the Department of Bioengineering at the University of Colorado, Denver | Anschutz Medical Campus collaborated with National Jewish Health to design and test patterns for cloth face coverings. A public campaign to sew and donate the final pattern was launched and over 2500 face coverings have been donated as a result. Now that nearly three million cases of COVID-19 have been confirmed in the United States, many state and local governments are requiring cloth face coverings be worn in public. Here, we present the collaborative design and testing process, as well as the final pattern for non-patient facing hospital workers and community members alike. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32710248/ doi: 10.1007/s10439-020-02580-3 id: cord-347960-vl5zhxyh author: Giallonardo, Vincenzo title: The Impact of Quarantine and Physical Distancing Following COVID-19 on Mental Health: Study Protocol of a Multicentric Italian Population Trial date: 2020-06-05 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic and its related containment measures—mainly physical distancing and isolation—are having detrimental consequences on the mental health of the general population worldwide. In particular, frustration, loneliness, and worries about the future are common reactions and represent well-known risk factors for several mental disorders, including anxiety, affective, and post-traumatic stress disorders. The vast majority of available studies have been conducted in China, where the pandemic started. Italy has been severely hit by the pandemic, and the socio-cultural context is completely different from Eastern countries. Therefore, there is the need for methodologically rigorous studies aiming to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 and quarantine measures on the mental health of the Italian population. In fact, our results will help us to develop appropriate interventions for managing the psychosocial consequences of pandemic. The “COVID-IT-mental health trial” is a no-profit, not-funded, national, multicentric, cross-sectional population-based trial which has the following aims: a) to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic and its containment measures on mental health of the Italian population; b) to identify the main areas to be targeted by supportive long-term interventions for the different categories of people exposed to the pandemic. Data will be collected through a web-platform using validated assessment tools. Participants will be subdivided into four groups: a) Group 1—COVID-19 quarantine group. This group includes the general population which are quarantined but not isolated, i.e., those not directly exposed to contagion nor in contact with COVID-19+ individuals; b) Group 2—COVID-19+ group, which includes isolated people directly/indirectly exposed to the virus; c) Group 3—COVID-19 healthcare staff group, which includes first- and second-line healthcare professionals; d) Group 4—COVID-19 mental health, which includes users of mental health services and all those who had already been diagnosed with a mental disorder. Mental health services worldwide are not prepared yet to manage the short- and long-term consequences of the pandemic. It is necessary to have a clear picture of the impact that this new stressor will have on mental health and well-being in order to develop and disseminate appropriate interventions for the general population and for the other at-risk groups. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00533 doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00533 id: cord-330276-qvmhuid3 author: Giorgi, Gabriele title: Addressing Risks: Mental Health, Work-Related Stress, and Occupational Disease Management to Enhance Well-Being 2019 date: 2020-06-19 words: 2301.0 sentences: 102.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330276-qvmhuid3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330276-qvmhuid3.txt summary: [1] , trauma and diseases related to stress and mental health that originate in the workplace may have a different pattern of development or require an organization-centered treatment approach, including field and intervention studies. With regard to promoting safe and secure working environments to create a decent work for all, some papers published in this special issue introduce advances in measuring psychosocial risk factors, mental health, and work-related issues. They found that ward type predicted the level of work arduousness beyond other factors such as age or gender, suggesting that trauma and diseases related to stress and mental health that originate in the workplace may have a different pattern of development or require an organizationcentered treatment approach that complements the personcentered approach derived from research conducted in clinical and psychiatric contexts. Addressing risks: mental health, work-related stress, and occupational disease management to enhance wellbeing abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32685446/ doi: 10.1155/2020/1863153 id: cord-331374-3gau0vmc author: Giorgi, Gabriele title: Expatriates’ Multiple Fears, from Terrorism to Working Conditions: Development of a Model date: 2016-10-13 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Companies’ internationalization appears to be fundamental in the current globalized and competitive environment and seems important not only for organizational success, but also for societal development and sustainability. On one hand, global business increases the demand for managers for international assignment. On the other hand, emergent fears, such as terrorism, seem to be developing around the world, enhancing the risk of expatriates’ potential health problems. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships between the emergent concept of fear of expatriation with further workplace fears (economic crisis and dangerous working conditions) and with mental health problems. The study uses a quantitative design. Self-reported data were collected from 265 Italian expatriate workers assigned to both Italian and worldwide projects. Structural equation model analyses showed that fear of expatriation mediates the relationship of mental health with fear of economic crisis and with perceived dangerous working conditions. As expected, in addition to fear, worries of expatriation are also related to further fears. Although, the study is based on self-reports and the cross-sectional study design limits the possibility of making causal inferences, the new constructs introduced add to previous research. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27790173/ doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01571 id: cord-318565-52ynt4d3 author: Glynn, R. W. title: Ebola, Zika and the International Health Regulations – implications for Port Health Preparedness date: 2016-11-21 words: 2159.0 sentences: 95.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318565-52ynt4d3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318565-52ynt4d3.txt summary: This report reviews the legislative framework and actions taken under this framework in advancing and improving Port Health preparedness in Ireland, in response to the declaration of the Public Health Emergency of International Concern for Ebola Virus Disease in August 2014. CONCLUSIONS: The outbreak of Ebola Virus Disease in West Africa resulted in significant strengthening of Ireland''s Port Health preparedness, while also highlighting the extent to which preparedness requires ongoing and sustained commitment from all stakeholders, both nationally and internationally, in ensuring that countries are ready when the next threat presents at their borders. Although the IHR are aimed at several areas of public health security they can be broadly summarized into two main areas; Urgent actions to be taken with respect to acutely arising risks to public health and Strengthening of national systems and infrastructure (core capacities) While Ireland has no direct flights from the affected countries in West Africa, a significant number of travelers who leave that area arrive in Ireland as their final destination. abstract: BACKGROUND: The outbreak of Ebola Virus Disease in West Africa in 2014-2015 was unprecedented in terms of its scale and consequence. This, together with the emergence of Zika virus as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern in 2016, has again highlighted the potential for disease to spread across international borders and provided an impetus for countries to review their Port Health preparedness. This report reviews the legislative framework and actions taken under this framework in advancing and improving Port Health preparedness in Ireland, in response to the declaration of the Public Health Emergency of International Concern for Ebola Virus Disease in August 2014. FINDINGS: Infectious disease Shipping and Aircraft Regulations were brought into force in Ireland in 2008 and 2009, respectively. Preparatory actions taken under these and the International Health Regulations necessitated significant levels of cross disciplinary working with other organisations, both within and beyond traditional healthcare settings. Information packs on Ebola Virus Disease were prepared and distributed to airports, airlines, port authorities and shipping agents, and practical exercises were held at relevant sites. Agreements were put in place for contact tracing of passenger and crew on affected conveyances and protocols were established for the management of Medical Declarations of Health from ships coming from West Africa. CONCLUSIONS: The outbreak of Ebola Virus Disease in West Africa resulted in significant strengthening of Ireland’s Port Health preparedness, while also highlighting the extent to which preparedness requires ongoing and sustained commitment from all stakeholders, both nationally and internationally, in ensuring that countries are ready when the next threat presents at their borders. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27871327/ doi: 10.1186/s12992-016-0173-9 id: cord-030529-2wkes9nk author: Goggin, Gerard title: COVID-19 apps in Singapore and Australia: reimagining healthy nations with digital technology date: 2020-08-14 words: 7370.0 sentences: 343.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-030529-2wkes9nk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-030529-2wkes9nk.txt summary: In this article, I consider the development, deployment and imagined uses of apps in two countries: Singapore, a pioneer in the field, with its TraceTogether app, and Australia, a country that adapted Singapore''s app, devising its own COVIDSafe, as key to its national public health strategy early in the crisis. The data sets generated by smartphones, computers, apps and people''s use of them, such as that data collected by Apple and Google, were used by public health officials, researchers and journalists to map population or district-level activity and movement, leading to the very interesting charts, graphs and visualisations in news and current affairs reports and features seeking to map and analyse the spread of COVID and its impact on social and economic activity. With much at stake in terms of public health concerns at a critical juncture of the COVID pandemic, the Australian government emphasised that it was keen to adopt a ''consent-based'' model, hence its interest in adapting the Singapore TraceTogether app. abstract: Widely and intensively used digital technologies have been an important feature of international responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. One especially interesting class of such technologies are dedicated contact and tracing apps collecting proximity data via the Bluetooth technology. In this article, I consider the development, deployment and imagined uses of apps in two countries: Singapore, a pioneer in the field, with its TraceTogether app, and Australia, a country that adapted Singapore’s app, devising its own COVIDSafe, as key to its national public health strategy early in the crisis. What is especially interesting about these cases is the privacy concerns the apps raised, and how these are dealt with in each country, also the ways in which each nation reimagines its immediate social future and health approach via such an app. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7429912/ doi: 10.1177/1329878x20949770 id: cord-302865-4znh4pja author: Goldstein, Neal D. title: Application of state law in the public health emergency response to COVID-19: an example from Delaware in the United States date: 2020-09-28 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic of 2019–2020 generated an equally unprecedented response from government institutions to control contagion. These legal responses included shelter in place orders, closure of non-essential businesses, limiting public gatherings, and mandatory mask wearing, among others. The State of Delaware in the United States experienced an outbreak later than most states but a particularly intense one that required a rapid and effective public health response. We describe the ways that Delaware responded through the interplay of public health, law, and government action, contrasting the state to others. We discuss how evolution of this state’s public heath legal response to the pandemic can inform future disease outbreak policies. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32989234/ doi: 10.1057/s41271-020-00257-8 id: cord-261166-ua1qps0r author: Golechha, Mahaveer title: COVID-19, India, lockdown and psychosocial challenges: What next? date: 2020-06-13 words: 1592.0 sentences: 80.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261166-ua1qps0r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261166-ua1qps0r.txt summary: Despite all resources employed to counteract the spreading of the virus, additional global strategies are needed to handle the related mental health issues (Torales et al., 2020) . This post-COVID landscape will definitely leads to an increase in mental health issues such as chronic stress, anxiety, depression, alcohol dependence and self-harm. The Government of India''s Rashtriya Kishor Swasthya Karyakram (National Adolescent Health Programme) can play a pivotal role in social and behavioural change and enhance adolescent resilience against mental health challenges posed by the pandemic. India can end the lockdown now and additional revenue available from the revival of the economy can be spend on increasing testing, isolation facilities, hospital beds, critical care and comprehensive Information, Education and Communication (IEC) on social distancing and mental health and addressing the mental health issues of vulnerable population post lockdown. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32536246/ doi: 10.1177/0020764020935922 id: cord-278589-ios3cuxc author: Golinelli, D. title: How the COVID-19 pandemic is favoring the adoption of digital technologies in healthcare: a rapid literature review date: 2020-05-01 words: 5040.0 sentences: 253.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278589-ios3cuxc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278589-ios3cuxc.txt summary: We conducted a rapid literature review searching PubMed and MedrXiv with terms considered adequate to find relevant literature on the use of digital technologies in response to COVID-19. Digital technologies are useful also for prevention and surveillance measures, for example through contact-tracing apps or monitoring of internet searches and social media usage. We conducted a rapid review of the scientific literature to include quantitative and qualitative studies using diverse designs to describe which digital solutions have been reported to respond and fight the COVID-19 pandemic. Our literature review suggests that digital technologies can be useful for COVID-19 diagnosis as well as for implementing prevention and surveillance measures. [19] , Authors deploy a Coronavirus Symptom Checker that is a digital patient-facing selftriage and self-scheduling tool in a large academic health system to address the COVID-19 pandemic. In this rapid literature review we describe numerous digital solutions and technologies addressing several healthcare needs, with particular regard to diagnosis, prevention and surveillance. abstract: Background. Healthcare is responding to the COVID-19 pandemic through the fast adoption of digital solutions and advanced technology tools. Many of the solutions implemented now could consolidate in the near future, contributing to the definition of new digital-based models of care. The aim of this study is to describe which digital solutions have been reported in the early scientific literature to respond and fight the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods. We conducted a rapid literature review searching PubMed and MedrXiv with terms considered adequate to find relevant literature on the use of digital technologies in response to COVID-19. Results. The search identified 52 articles, of which 38 full-text articles were assessed and 29 included in the review after screening. Of selected articles, most of them addressed the use of digital technologies for diagnosis, surveillance and prevention. We report that digital solutions and innovative technologies have mainly been proposed for the diagnosis of COVID-19. In particular, within the reviewed articles we identified numerous suggestions on the use of artificial intelligence-powered tools for the diagnosis and screening of COVID-19. Digital technologies are useful also for prevention and surveillance measures, for example through contact-tracing apps or monitoring of internet searches and social media usage. Discussion. It is worth taking advantage of the push given by the crisis, and mandatory to keep track of the digital solutions proposed today to implement tomorrow's best practices and models of care, and to be ready for any new moments of emergency. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.26.20080341v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.26.20080341 id: cord-352665-ik67gpxf author: González-Rodríguez, Alexandre title: Mental health in times of COVID: Thoughts after the state of alarm() date: 2020-10-15 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medcle.2020.07.007 doi: 10.1016/j.medcle.2020.07.007 id: cord-313436-7vtqte8z author: Gopichandran, Vijayaprasad title: COVID-19 Pandemic: a Litmus Test of Trust in the Health System date: 2020-05-29 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV2 novel coronavirus is creating a global crisis. There is a global ambience of uncertainty and anxiety. In addition, nations have imposed strict and restrictive public health measures including lockdowns. In this heightened time of vulnerability, public cooperation to preventive measures depends on trust and confidence in the health system. Trust is the optimistic acceptance of the vulnerability in the belief that the health system has best intentions. On the other hand, confidence is assessed based on previous experiences with the health system. Trust and confidence in the health system motivate people to accept the public health interventions and cooperate with them. Building trust and confidence therefore becomes an ethical imperative. This article analyses the COVID-19 pandemic in the south Indian state of Tamil Nadu and the state’s response to this pandemic. Further, it applies the Trust-Confidence-Cooperation framework of risk management to analyse the influence of public trust and confidence on the Tamil Nadu health system in the context of the preventive strategies adopted by the state. Finally, the article proposes a six-pronged strategy to build trust and confidence in health system functions to improve cooperation to pandemic containment measures. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41649-020-00122-6 doi: 10.1007/s41649-020-00122-6 id: cord-324091-nljd2ok1 author: Gordon, Jennifer L. title: The psychological impact of fertility treatment suspensions during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-18 words: 4497.0 sentences: 263.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-324091-nljd2ok1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324091-nljd2ok1.txt summary: PURPOSE: To examine the psychological impact of fertility treatment suspensions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic and to clarify psychosocial predictors of better or worse mental health. Participants completed a battery of questionnaires assessing depressive symptoms, perceived mental health impact, and change in quality of life related to treatment suspensions. Table 2 depicts the correlation between three personality traits (trait optimism, defensive pessimism, and intolerance of uncertainty) that were considered potentially relevant under the current circumstances, in relation to the overall change in quality of life and the mental health impact attributed to fertility treatment suspensions. The psychological impact of fertility treatment suspensions during the COVID-19 pandemic the final subscales are as follows: 1) avoidance, α = 0.82, 2) active coping, α = 0.71, 3) finding meaning, α = 0.72, 4) defensive pessimism, α = 0.66, 5) optimism, α = 0.80, 6) seek social support, α = 0.77, and 7) behavioural engagement, α = 0.67. abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the psychological impact of fertility treatment suspensions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic and to clarify psychosocial predictors of better or worse mental health. METHODS: 92 women from Canada and the United States (ages 20–45 years) whose fertility treatments had been cancelled were recruited via social media. Participants completed a battery of questionnaires assessing depressive symptoms, perceived mental health impact, and change in quality of life related to treatment suspensions. Potential predictors of psychological outcomes were also examined, including several personality traits, aspects of social support, illness cognitions, and coping strategies. RESULTS: 52% of respondents endorsed clinical levels of depressive symptoms. On a 7-point scale, participants endorsed a significant decline in overall quality of life (M(SD) = -1.3(1.3), p < .0001) as well as a significant decline in mental health related to treatment suspensions on a scale from -5 to +5 (M(SD) = -2.1(2.1), p < .001). Several psychosocial variables were found to positively influence these outcomes: lower levels of defensive pessimism (r = -.25, p < .05), greater infertility acceptance (r = .51, p < .0001), better quality social support (r = .31, p < .01), more social support seeking (r = .35, p < .001) and less avoidance of infertility reminders (r = -.23, p = .029). CONCLUSION: Fertility treatment suspensions have had a considerable negative impact on women’s mental health and quality of life. However, these findings point to several protective psychosocial factors that can be fostered in the future to help women cope. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239253 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239253 id: cord-316461-bxcsa1h2 author: Gordon, Joshua A. title: The COVID-19 Pandemic: Setting the Mental Health Research Agenda date: 2020-05-18 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.05.012 doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.05.012 id: cord-330228-plcdwazu author: Gore, Dana title: Social determinants of health in Canada: Are healthy living initiatives there yet? A policy analysis date: 2012-08-14 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: INTRODUCTION: Preventative strategies that focus on addressing the social determinants of health to improve healthy eating and physical activity have become an important strategy in British Columbia and Ontario for combating chronic diseases. What has not yet been examined is the extent to which healthy living initiatives implemented under these new policy frameworks successfully engage with and change the social determinants of health. METHODS: Initiatives active between January 1, 2006 and September 1, 2011 were found using provincial policy documents, web searches, health organization and government websites, and databases of initiatives that attempted to influence to nutrition and physical activity in order to prevent chronic diseases or improve overall health. Initiatives were reviewed, analyzed and grouped using the descriptive codes: lifestyle-based, environment-based or structure-based. Initiatives were also classified according to the mechanism by which they were administered: as direct programs (e.g. directly delivered), blueprints (or frameworks to tailor developed programs), and building blocks (resources to develop programs). RESULTS: 60 initiatives were identified in Ontario and 61 were identified in British Columbia. In British Columbia, 11.5% of initiatives were structure-based. In Ontario, of 60 provincial initiatives identified, 15% were structure-based. Ontario had a higher proportion of direct interventions than British Columbia for all intervention types. However, in both provinces, as the intervention became more upstream and attempted to target the social determinants of health more directly, the level of direct support for the intervention lessened. CONCLUSIONS: The paucity of initiatives in British Columbia and Ontario that address healthy eating and active living through action on the social determinants of health is problematic. In the context of Canada's increasingly neoliberal political and economic policy, the public health sector may face significant barriers to addressing upstream determinants in a meaningful way. If public health cannot directly affect broader societal conditions, interventions should be focused around advocacy and education about the social determinants of health. It is necessary that health be seen for what it is: a political matter. As such, the health sector needs to take a more political approach in finding solutions for health inequities. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22889402/ doi: 10.1186/1475-9276-11-41 id: cord-314278-ea73au8c author: Gostin, Lawrence O title: The International Health Regulations 10 years on: the governing framework for global health security date: 2015-11-25 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0140673615009484 doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(15)00948-4 id: cord-331422-288ryhc5 author: Gostin, Lawrence O title: The shibboleth of human rights in public health date: 2020-08-20 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468266720301821 doi: 10.1016/s2468-2667(20)30182-1 id: cord-339310-efxh5grs author: Gostin, Lawrence O. title: Toward a Common Secure Future: Four Global Commissions in the Wake of Ebola date: 2016-05-19 words: 2993.0 sentences: 167.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339310-efxh5grs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339310-efxh5grs.txt summary: • Global leaders (e.g., United Nations, World Health Assembly, G7, and G20) should maintain continuous oversight of global health preparedness, and ensure effective implementation of the Ebola commissions'' key recommendations, including sustainable and scalable financing. The IHR-the governing framework for managing infectious disease outbreaks-requires 196 States Parties to develop and maintain core health system capacities to detect, assess, report, and respond to potential public health emergencies of international concern (PHEIC) [9] . The Global Health Security Agenda (GHSA), a partnership initiated by the United States encompassing nearly 50 countries, which was set up to prevent, detect, and respond to future infectious disease outbreaks, could offer a model for strengthening health systems [12] . The commissions'' reports reflecting on the Ebola epidemic echoed a crucial point made by the IHR Review Committee on the response to the H1N1 pandemic in its 2011 report-"the world is ill-prepared for a severe pandemic or for any similarly global, sustained and threatening public health emergency" [15] . abstract: Lawrence Gostin and colleagues offer a set of priorities for global health preparedness and response for future infectious disease threats. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002042 doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002042 id: cord-343849-hmii6bvq author: Gostin, Lawrence O. title: Health Inequalities date: 2020-05-01 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Health inequalities are embedded in a complex array of social, political, and economic inequalities. Responding to health inequalities will require systematic action targeting all the underlying (“upstream”) social determinants that powerfully affect health and well‐being. Systemic inequalities are a major reason for the rise of modern populism that has deeply divided polities and infected politics, perhaps nowhere more so than in the United States. Concerted action to mitigate shocking levels of inequality could be a powerful antidote to nationalist populism. A basic yet critical start to addressing health inequalities is to recognize them, which demands improving data collection and analysis. Certainly, global indicators show vast progress in reducing poverty and extending life. Yet aggregate health data mask a deeper reality: health gains have disproportionately benefited the well‐off, leaving the poor and middle‐class behind. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32356918/ doi: 10.1002/hast.1108 id: cord-352862-2q4h3bwj author: Goswami, Mridula title: Dealing with “Coronavirus Pandemic”: A Dental Outlook date: 2020 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: An emergent pneumonia outbreak, denoted as coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization (WHO) originated in Wuhan City, in late December 2019 and spread at an alarming rate to become a pandemic affecting more than 200 countries. The COVID-19 is caused by a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), which is highly contagious and is associated with a high mortality rate. The current COVID-19 outbreak has created a major havoc among every strata of the society with a detrimental impact on healthcare professionals, including dentists limiting their capabilities at large. The transmission of virus through aerosols produced by high- and low-speed handpieces, ultrasonic scalers, air/water syringes, or an infected patient coughing, and even when taking intraoral radiographs has made it difficult for dental personnel to provide even the most basic services to the needful. The virus survives on environmental surfaces for extended periods of time, including metal and plastic surfaces commonly found in dental offices making it utmost necessary to follow the precautions and recommendations issued by various organizations in order to contain its spread. This article aims to provide the latest knowledge encompassing the various aspects of COVID-19 to pediatric dentists in India. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Goswami M, Sharma S, Kumar G, et al. Dealing with “Coronavirus Pandemic”: A Dental Outlook. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(3):269–278. url: https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1757 doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1757 id: cord-022075-bbae2nam author: Gougelet, Robert M. title: Disaster Mitigation date: 2009-05-15 words: 4490.0 sentences: 272.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-022075-bbae2nam.txt txt: ./txt/cord-022075-bbae2nam.txt summary: • The ability to maintain function • Building design • Locating buildings outside of hazard zones (e.g., flood plains) • Essential building utilities • Protection of building contents • Insurance • Public education • Surveillance • Warning • Evacuation It is of critical importance that emergency planners incorporate the basic elements of mitigation and have the authority and resources to incorporate these changes into their organization/facility/community. • Forming effective community-based partnerships for hazard mitigation purposes • Implementing effective hazard mitigation measures that reduce the potential damage from natural disasters • Ensuring continued functionality of critical services • Leveraging additional nonfederal resources in meeting natural disaster resistance goals • Making commitments to long-term hazard mitigation efforts to be applied to new and existing structures This important legislation sought to identify and assess the risks to states and local governments (including Indian tribes) from natural disasters. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7152437/ doi: 10.1016/b978-0-323-03253-7.50028-5 id: cord-297803-qtq352w0 author: Graham, Kathleen title: Health systems planning for an influenza pandemic date: 2010-06-25 words: 2892.0 sentences: 164.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297803-qtq352w0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297803-qtq352w0.txt summary: This work resulted in a joint CDHA/IWK pandemic influenza contingency plan for public health, primary care, acute care and tertiary care services. One need only consider the impact and aftermath of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) 1 or the unfolding story in New Orleans to begin to appreciate the extent of devastation and unprecedented changes in both the types and volumes of services that communities and health care organizations may face while simultaneously dealing with reduced resources. Specific objectives include: description of the command, control and management structure and functions, enhancement of surveillance systems, development of a communications plan, operational procedures for vaccines and anti-viral administration and delivery, and service delivery plans for acute care, emergency services and public health measures during a pandemic. The development of pandemic plans by more than 25 working groups covered clinical services and resource management for major hospital sites providing acute, secondary and tertiary and quaternary care. abstract: District planning, in general, and influenza pandemic planning, in particular, are necessary to sustain health care organizations and systems. An extensive stakeholder process used by Capital District Health Authority (CDHA) and the Izaak Walton Killam (IWK) Health Centre involved more than 25 teams. This work resulted in a joint CDHA/IWK pandemic influenza contingency plan for public health, primary care, acute care and tertiary care services. In addition, district and business continuity planning has been enhanced. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0840470410602554 doi: 10.1016/s0840-4704(10)60255-4 id: cord-035182-ax6v3ak5 author: Griebenow, Reinhard title: Outcomes in CME/CPD - Special Collection: How to make the “pyramid” a perpetuum mobile date: 2020-10-27 words: 2781.0 sentences: 165.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-035182-ax6v3ak5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-035182-ax6v3ak5.txt summary: To enhance the effect CME may achieve in improving community health the authors suggest a kick-off/keep-on continuum of medical competence, and integration of aspects of public health at all levels from planning to delivery and outcomes measurement in CME. Continuing medical education (CME) should not be an end in itself, but as expressed in Moore''s pyramid [1] , help to improve both individual patient and ultimately community health. Continuing medical education (CME) should not be an end in itself, but as expressed in Moore''s pyramid [1] , help to improve both individual patient and ultimately community health. On the one hand there is some evidence for the impact of this strategy on physician performance and patient outcomes [82] , but on the other hand this is not the appropriate strategy to address gaps in community health, and tends to create an attitude of unbalanced activism. The impact of CME on physician performance and patient health outcomes: an updated synthesis of systematic reviews abstract: Continuing medical education (CME) should not be an end in itself, but as expressed in Moore’s pyramid, help to improve both individual patient and ultimately community, health. However, there are numerous barriers to translation of physician competence into improvements in community health. To enhance the effect CME may achieve in improving community health the authors suggest a kick-off/keep-on continuum of medical competence, and integration of aspects of public health at all levels from planning to delivery and outcomes measurement in CME. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7599014/ doi: 10.1080/21614083.2020.1832750 id: cord-022506-fkddo12n author: Griffin, Brenda title: Population Wellness: Keeping Cats Physically and Behaviorally Healthy date: 2011-12-05 words: 23797.0 sentences: 1308.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-022506-fkddo12n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-022506-fkddo12n.txt summary: Aside from informally "getting to know" cats during their initial acclimation period in a facility, a systematic â�¢ The ability to create different functional areas in the living environments for elimination, resting, and eating â�¢ The ability to hide in a secure place â�¢ The ability to rest/sleep without being disturbed â�¢ The ability to change locations within the environment, including using vertical space for perching â�¢ The ability to regulate body temperature by moving to warmer or cooler surfaces in the environment â�¢ The ability to scratch (which is necessary for claw health and stretching, as well as visual and scent marking) â�¢ The ability to play and exercise at will â�¢ The ability to acquire mental stimulation Because these needs will vary depending upon such factors as life stage, personality, and prior socialization and experience, facilities should maintain a variety of housing styles in order to meet the individual needs of different cats in the population (Figure 46-11) . abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7158173/ doi: 10.1016/b978-1-4377-0660-4.00046-6 id: cord-257069-fs2fkidt author: Griffiths, D. title: The impact of work loss on mental and physical health during the COVID-19 pandemic: Findings from a prospective cohort study date: 2020-09-09 words: 3018.0 sentences: 180.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257069-fs2fkidt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257069-fs2fkidt.txt summary: The odds of high psychological distress (AOR=5.43-8.36), poor mental (AOR=1.92-4.53) and physical health (AOR=1.93-3.90) were increased in those reporting fewer social interactions or less financial resources. Conclusion: Losing work during the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with mental and physical health problems, and this relationship is moderated by social interactions and financial resources. This study aimed to determine whether losing work during the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with poorer mental and physical health, and to determine if financial resources and social interactions moderate the relationship between work loss and health. This study demonstrates that in a cohort of people employed prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, those experiencing work loss are more likely to report psychological distress, and poor mental and physical health compared to those whose work was unaffected. Those in the job loss group had the greatest odds of reporting high psychological distress, poor mental and physical health than those in the other study groups. abstract: Objective: To determine if losing work during the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with mental and physical health. To determine if social interactions and financial resources moderate the relationship between work loss and health. Design: Baseline data from a prospective longitudinal cohort study. Setting: Australia, 27th March to 12th June 2020. Participants: Australians aged 18+ years, employed in a paid job prior to the COVID-19 pandemic who responded to an online or telephone survey. Main Outcome Measures: Kessler-6 score > 18 indicating high psychological distress. Short Form 12 (SF-12) mental health or physical health component score <= 45 indicating poor mental or physical health. Results: 2,603 respondents including groups who had lost their job (N=541), were not working but remained employed (N=613), were working less (N=789) and whose work was unaffected (N=789). Three groups experiencing work loss had greater odds of high psychological distress (AOR=2.22-3.66), poor mental (AOR=1.78-2.27) and physical health (AOR=2.10-2.12) than the unaffected work group. Poor mental health was more common than poor physical health. The odds of high psychological distress (AOR=5.43-8.36), poor mental (AOR=1.92-4.53) and physical health (AOR=1.93-3.90) were increased in those reporting fewer social interactions or less financial resources. Conclusion: Losing work during the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with mental and physical health problems, and this relationship is moderated by social interactions and financial resources. Responses that increase financial security and enhance social connections may partially alleviate the health impacts of work loss. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.06.20189514v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.09.06.20189514 id: cord-254904-4eduslpb author: Griffiths, S. title: Pandemics and epidemics: public health and gambling harms date: 2020-07-22 words: 1768.0 sentences: 91.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254904-4eduslpb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254904-4eduslpb.txt summary: To facilitate mature debate, we needed to help public health, primary care and healthcare professionals see that gambling is not necessarily a harmless pastime, and to understand that gambling harms contribute to many of the social and economic inequalities that are determinants of health and well-being for individuals, their families and the communities in which they live. What we did not discuss was how you present a special issue of Public Health on what some are coming to see as an epidemic of gambling-related harms, when the world is experiencing a global pandemic. If we are to have the sort of mature discussion around building the public health response to gambling harms, this is an important time to start. Competing interests P.M. reports serving as an advisor to the Scottish Chief Medical Officer and the Scottish Government on the public health response to gambling harms. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32709471/ doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.06.022 id: cord-022054-yeavs06o author: Guidotti, Tee L. title: Occupational Medicine: An Asset in Time of Crisis date: 2009-05-15 words: 3820.0 sentences: 185.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-022054-yeavs06o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-022054-yeavs06o.txt summary: • Survival of key personnel in a catastrophic event • Continuity of business after a catastrophic event • Instant connectivity to resources for assistance in a health-related emergency • Surveillance of the workforce and the early detection of an outbreak • Integration of emergency response with public health agencies • Surge capacity in the event of a local event that requires mobilization of all available medical resources • Vaccination programs and other protective measures • Establishing on-site consequence management and mitigation programs • Developing decontamination plans • Providing specialized, sector-specific expertise to emergency managers • Advising on effective personal protective equipment (PPE) • Liasing with the LEPC, prehospital care, and hospitals • Continuing education and training on-site and in the community of the indigenous risks inherent to the operation • Accessing material safety data sheet information • Leading any after-action discussion to bring about process and system improvement • Fitness-to-work evaluations that assess the recovery and functional capacity of injured employees to return to work and what accommodations may be needed • Impairment evaluation for injured workers who are the subject of workers'' compensation claims • Certification of time off work for workers with a nonoccupational illness or injury (this is often performed by other physicians) 4. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7152404/ doi: 10.1016/b978-0-323-03253-7.50030-3 id: cord-018760-blwguyl4 author: Guleria, Randeep title: Health Effects of Changing Environment date: 2019-03-22 words: 4788.0 sentences: 262.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-018760-blwguyl4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-018760-blwguyl4.txt summary: Last two centuries have witnessed changes in global environmental factors such as rise in temperature leading to global warming, depletion of stratospheric ozone layer, loss of biodiversity and marked degradation in air and water quality due to atmospheric pollution, thereby causing upsurge in infectious and non-infectious diseases. Similarly, in India there is strong evidence linking lower respiratory tract infection to indoor air pollution caused by the use of solid fuels in household. Air pollution and occupational exposure may cause a variety of negative health outcomes, including reduced lung function in children as well as increased susceptibility to infections, airway inflammation and cardiovascular diseases. There should be general awareness of how changes in climate and environment lead to significant acute and chronic effects on human health. abstract: Environment plays a crucial role in our economic, social and cultural behaviour as well as on health. However, since the beginning of industrialization era, focus on economic development has caused detrimental effects on the environment. Last two centuries have witnessed changes in global environmental factors such as rise in temperature leading to global warming, depletion of stratospheric ozone layer, loss of biodiversity and marked degradation in air and water quality due to atmospheric pollution, thereby causing upsurge in infectious and non-infectious diseases. Environmental health has emerged as an important part of medicine. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 24% of global disease burden and 23% of all deaths can be attributed to environmental factors. Deaths from heart disease, cancer, respiratory disorders and many vector-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue, chikungunya and cholera have increased due to changes in climate, especially in developing countries. Besides limited attention to sanitation, hygiene, as well as quality of food and drinking water, factors such as deforestation, increasing vehicular traffic, migration from rural to urban areas, decreasing water resources and inadequate drainage systems contribute to increase incidence of diseases. The need of the hour is to sensitize ourselves about the way our ecology is being degraded and the health effects it is causing. A holistic view is needed to address the problem of environmental health where agriculture, animal husbandry, public health, water safety and air pollution need to be looked at in a combined manner for education, planning and resource allocation. Therefore, a close association between scientists, public health professionals and administrators is needed for integrated design and development of framework to attain harmony between man and nature. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7123724/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-99768-1_6 id: cord-303203-1kpw4ru0 author: Guo, Jing title: Coping with COVID-19: Exposure to COVID-19 and Negative Impact on Livelihood Predict Elevated Mental Health Problems in Chinese Adults date: 2020-05-29 words: 4486.0 sentences: 215.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303203-1kpw4ru0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303203-1kpw4ru0.txt summary: title: Coping with COVID-19: Exposure to COVID-19 and Negative Impact on Livelihood Predict Elevated Mental Health Problems in Chinese Adults However, few studies have examined sleep problems, depression, and posttraumatic symptoms among the general adult population during the COVID-19 outbreak, and little is known about coping behaviors. Mental health problems were assessed with the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders (PTSD) Checklist for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression inventory, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Perceived negative impact of the pandemic on livelihood showed a large effect size in predicting mental health problems (standardized beta: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.10–0.19). The relationship between coping behavior and Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms (PTSS), depression, insomnia, mental health problems. We found that direct exposure to COVID-19 and the impact on livelihood are important predictors of mental health problems, and that people found cognitive and prosocial ways to cope with the strains and stresses of the lockdown. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic might lead to more mental health problems. However, few studies have examined sleep problems, depression, and posttraumatic symptoms among the general adult population during the COVID-19 outbreak, and little is known about coping behaviors. This survey was conducted online in China from February 1st to February 10th, 2020. Quota sampling was used to recruit 2993 Chinese citizens aged ≥18 years old. Mental health problems were assessed with the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders (PTSD) Checklist for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression inventory, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Exposure to COVID-19 was measured with questions about residence at outbreak, personal exposure, media exposure, and impact on livelihood. General coping style was measured by the brief Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ). Respondents were also asked 12 additional questions about COVID-19 specific coping behaviors. Direct exposure to COVID-19 instead of the specific location of (temporary) residence within or outside the epicenter (Wuhan) of the pandemic seems important (standardized beta: 0.05, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.02–0.09). Less mental health problems were also associated with less intense exposure through the media (standardized beta: −0.07, 95% CI: −0.10–−0.03). Perceived negative impact of the pandemic on livelihood showed a large effect size in predicting mental health problems (standardized beta: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.10–0.19). More use of cognitive and prosocial coping behaviors were associated with less mental health problems (standardized beta: −0.30, 95% CI: −0.34–−0.27). Our study suggests that the mental health consequences of the lockdown impact on livelihood should not be underestimated. Building on cognitive coping behaviors reappraisal or cognitive behavioral treatments may be most promising. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32485859/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17113857 id: cord-262927-mehijkzo author: Guo, Shuaijun title: Moving Health Literacy Research and Practice towards a Vision of Equity, Precision and Transparency date: 2020-10-20 words: 5950.0 sentences: 319.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262927-mehijkzo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262927-mehijkzo.txt summary: This includes using a life-course approach, integrating the rationale of precision public health, applying open science practice, and promoting actionable knowledge translation strategies. This includes using a life-course approach to health literacy [58] , integrating the rationale of precision public health [59] , applying open science practice [60] , and promoting actionable knowledge translation strategies [61] . Based on these new paradigms, we expect a nuanced understanding of how health literacy develops over the life-course, how it influences health behaviour and decision-making, and thus how it informs specific interventional opportunities-especially in the early life stages across educational and healthcare settings-for a precise policy recommendation. We also highlight the importance of applying open science and considering knowledge translation strategies from the beginning of research planning to generate or replicate policy-relevant findings rapidly and cost-effectively across different cultural contexts, and thus facilitate the process of knowledge dissemination. abstract: Over the past two decades, health literacy research has gained increasing attention in global health initiatives to reduce health disparities. While it is well-documented that health literacy is associated with health outcomes, most findings are generated from cross-sectional data. Along with the increasing importance of health literacy in policy, there is a lack of specificity and transparency about how to improve health literacy in practice. In this study, we are calling for a shift of current research paradigms from judging health literacy levels towards observing how health literacy skills are developed over the life course and practised in the real world. This includes using a life-course approach, integrating the rationale of precision public health, applying open science practice, and promoting actionable knowledge translation strategies. We show how a greater appreciation for these paradigms promises to advance health literacy research and practice towards an equitable, precise, transparent, and actionable vision. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33092206/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17207650 id: cord-345843-yz0buegp author: Gushulak, BD title: Migrants and emerging public health issues in a globalized world: threats, risks and challenges, an evidence-based framework date: 2010-03-31 words: 7626.0 sentences: 382.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345843-yz0buegp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345843-yz0buegp.txt summary: The thesis that human population mobility is itself a major determinant of global public health is supported in this article by review of the published literature from the perspective of determinants of health (such as genetics/biology, behavior, environment, and socioeconomics), population-based disease prevalence differences, existing national and international health policies and regulations, as well as inter-regional shifts in population demographics and health outcomes. In migration health, threat and risk identification, assessment and management rarely occur ''pre-event.'' Examples of poorly studied health threats of potential societal and public health importance include domestic violence against migrant women in destination locations, 42,43 long-term impact of dietary changes 44,45 on the incidence of cardiovascular disease, 46 diabetes, 47 and certain forms of cancer in foreignborn migrants and their locally born offspring, 48 or the importation of health services or pharmaceutical products 49 from less-regulated environments, representing traditional but often unregulated or unmonitored patterns of self-care. abstract: International population mobility is an underlying factor in the emergence of public health threats and risks that must be managed globally. These risks are often related, but not limited, to transmissible pathogens. Mobile populations can link zones of disease emergence to lowprevalence or nonendemic areas through rapid or high-volume international movements, or both. Against this background of human movement, other global processes such as economics, trade, transportation, environment and climate change, as well as civil security influence the health impacts of disease emergence. Concurrently, global information systems, together with regulatory frameworks for disease surveillance and reporting, affect organizational and public awareness of events of potential public health significance. International regulations directed at disease mitigation and control have not kept pace with the growing challenges associated with the volume, speed, diversity, and disparity of modern patterns of human movement. The thesis that human population mobility is itself a major determinant of global public health is supported in this article by review of the published literature from the perspective of determinants of health (such as genetics/biology, behavior, environment, and socioeconomics), population-based disease prevalence differences, existing national and international health policies and regulations, as well as inter-regional shifts in population demographics and health outcomes. This paper highlights some of the emerging threats and risks to public health, identifies gaps in existing frameworks to manage health issues associated with migration, and suggests changes in approach to population mobility, globalization, and public health. The proposed integrated approach includes a broad spectrum of stakeholders ranging from individual health-care providers to policy makers and international organizations that are primarily involved in global health management, or are influenced by global health events. url: https://doi.org/10.3134/ehtj.09.010 doi: 10.3134/ehtj.09.010 id: cord-256041-k4y6t0i5 author: Gómez-Salgado, Juan title: Related Health Factors of Psychological Distress During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain date: 2020-06-02 words: 5959.0 sentences: 277.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256041-k4y6t0i5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256041-k4y6t0i5.txt summary: The objective of the study is to analyse the psychological distress in a Spanish population sample during the COVID-19 pandemic, identifying the predictive character and role that sociodemographic variables, the presence of physical symptoms, and other health-related variables may have. Our results are in line with those found in most studies, showing that women present significantly higher levels of distress (with low size effect), and this can therefore be understood as an individual risk factor in the face of the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic. However, a study similar to the present one conducted at the beginning of the COVID-19 quarantine identified an increased risk of psychological distress among people over 60 years of age [33] . Among the variables that predict psychological distress are, therefore: being female, age, employment situation, number of symptoms, perception of poor health, having been in close contact with an infected person, as well as having been in contact with people or material suspected of being infected. abstract: Measures to prevent and contain the COVID-19 health crisis include population confinement, with the consequent isolation and interruption of their usual activities. The aim of the study is to analyse psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic. For this, a cross-sectional observational study with a sample of 4180 people over the age of 18 during quarantine was developed. Variables considered were sociodemographic variables, physical symptoms, health conditions, COVID-19 contact history and psychological adjustment. The data were collected through a self-developed questionnaire and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Bivariate analyses were performed, including Chi-Squared test and Student’s T-test. Predictive ability was calculated through logistic regression. Results obtained showed a high level of psychological distress (72.0%), with a higher percentage in women and people of lower middle age. Statistically significant differences were found in the variable working situation (χ² = 63.139, p ≤ 0.001, V = 0.123) and living with children under the age of 16 (χ² = 7.393, p = 0.007, V = 0.042). The predictive variables with the highest weight were sex (OR = 1.952, 95% IC = (1.667, 2.286)), presence of symptoms (OR = 1.130, 95% CI = (1.074, 1.190)), and having had close contact with an individual with confirmed COVID-19 (OR = 1.241, 95% CI = (1.026, 1.500)). These results could enrich prevention interventions in public health and, in particular, in mental health in similar pandemic situations. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113947 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17113947 id: cord-282966-ew8lwmsn author: Haddow, George D. title: Communicating During a Public Health Crisis date: 2014-07-22 words: 5433.0 sentences: 364.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282966-ew8lwmsn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282966-ew8lwmsn.txt summary: This chapter incorporates the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention''s (CDC) best advice for communicating during a public health crisis, including infectious disease outbreaks, bioterrorism, chemical emergencies, natural disasters, nuclear accidents and radiation releases and explosions. From the CDC down to local departments of health, public health, and safety officials are using social media to push out vital and useful information to the public and to monitor and respond to public comments. Engaging with and using emerging social media may well place the emergency-management community, including medical and public health professionals, in a better position to respond to disasters" (Merchant et al., 2011) . DHS is testing whether scanning social media sites to collect and analyze health-related data could help identify infectious disease outbreaks, bioterrorism or other public health and national security risks. The purpose of an official response to a public health crisis is to efficiently and effectively reduce and prevent illness, injury, and death, and return individuals and communities to normal as quickly as possible. abstract: “Communicating during a Public Health Crisis,” examines how communicating to the public and media during a public health or safety emergency is different. In a serious crisis, all affected people take in information differently, process information differently and act on information differently. This chapter incorporates the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) best advice for communicating during a public health crisis, including infectious disease outbreaks, bioterrorism, chemical emergencies, natural disasters, nuclear accidents and radiation releases and explosions. This chapter also explores the growing role of social media that is now being used for a variety of traditional and new purposes from distress calls to disease surveillance. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/B9780124078680000112 doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407868-0.00011-2 id: cord-305906-a2srympy author: Haines, Andy title: National UK programme of community health workers for COVID-19 response date: 2020-03-24 words: 2013.0 sentences: 108.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305906-a2srympy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305906-a2srympy.txt summary: We propose a largescale emergency programme to train community health workers (CHWs) to support people in their homes, initially the most vulnerable but with potential to provide a longterm model of care in the UK. Experience from Brazil, Pakistan, Ethiopia, and other nations shows how a coordinated community workforce can provide effective health and social care support at scale. CHWs could undertake regular review of vulnerable people at home in person or virtually, depending on need, and when patients become ill CHWs could undertake simple assessment of the need for more advanced care, reporting to other members of the primary care team, including to the COVID19 Health Management Team that is being commissioned. CHWs in Brazil have been established for many years, are well integrated into their communities, and provide a wide range of health and social care support activities to each of the 100-150 households that they are responsible for. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673620307352 doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30735-2 id: cord-011700-ljc5ywy2 author: Hamaguchi, Ryoko title: Picture of a pandemic: visual aids in the COVID-19 crisis date: 2020-06-12 words: 1333.0 sentences: 59.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-011700-ljc5ywy2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-011700-ljc5ywy2.txt summary: As a global crisis, COVID-19 has underscored the challenge of disseminating evidence-based public health recommendations amidst a rapidly evolving, often uncensored information ecosystem—one fueled in part by an unprecedented degree of connected afforded through social media. Visual communication offers a creative and practical medium to bridge critical health literacy gaps, empower diverse patient communities through evidence-based information and facilitate public health advocacy during this pandemic and the ''new normal'' that lies ahead. While frontline clinicians and innovative researchers continue to work tirelessly, effective management of this pandemic requires engagement of the public if we are to curb further rises in cases and safely enter a ''new normal.'' However, despite the unprecedented connectedness that we are afforded in 2020, disseminating useful, accurate public health information has emerged as a major challenge-one exacerbated by the exponential growth of unverified COVID-19-related information on social media platforms. However, there remains a need for simple illustrated resources that consolidate key public health messages and validated clinical evidence into compact visual aids-especially those that can be seamlessly disseminated through social media outlets to reach diverse patient communities. abstract: As a global crisis, COVID-19 has underscored the challenge of disseminating evidence-based public health recommendations amidst a rapidly evolving, often uncensored information ecosystem—one fueled in part by an unprecedented degree of connected afforded through social media. In this piece, we explore an underdiscussed intersection between the visual arts and public health, focusing on the use of validated infographics and other forms of visual communication to rapidly disseminate accurate public health information during the COVID-19 pandemic. We illustrate our arguments through our own experience in creating a validated infographic for patients, now disseminated through social media and other outlets across the world in nearly 20 translations. Visual communication offers a creative and practical medium to bridge critical health literacy gaps, empower diverse patient communities through evidence-based information and facilitate public health advocacy during this pandemic and the ‘new normal’ that lies ahead. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7313870/ doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa080 id: cord-008926-ntv18e1s author: Han, Qide title: China and global health date: 2008-10-17 words: 1902.0 sentences: 108.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-008926-ntv18e1s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-008926-ntv18e1s.txt summary: China is a substantial part of virtually all global health challenges: the prevalence of chronic cardiovascular diseases and cancers; re-emergence of infectious threats such as avian infl uenza; nutritional transitions due to changing food, diet, and physical activity; and new environmental and behavioural threats. Finally, China''s customary reserved role in international institutions is changing as the country assumes more global responsibilities, especially in peace and social sectors such as health. 1 The Chinese Government recognises these challenges and has announced the Healthy China 2020 initiative to reform disease prevention and health promotion, health-care services, pharmaceutical policies, and health insurance. 5, 6 China has a unique opportunity to mobilise its resources and to harness global knowledge to achieve advances in health, compressing the time and reducing the scale of the disease burden that many other developed countries have had. [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] How China fares is important not only for Chinese people but also for the global health community. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7134905/ doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(08)61350-1 id: cord-330849-yt44k88m author: Han, Rachel H. title: Planning for Mental Health Needs During COVID-19 date: 2020-10-08 words: 5521.0 sentences: 262.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330849-yt44k88m.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330849-yt44k88m.txt summary: The purpose of this article, written from the perspective of military medical planners, is to present available data on the prevalence of specific mental health concerns and conditions from previous recent pandemics and COVID-19, as well as to provide data-informed recommendations for meeting the psychological needs of affected individuals. A combination of the following keywords in the title and/or abstract was used in searches of literature on the Southeast Asian Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), H1N1 influenza (H1N1), Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), Ebola, and COVID-19 pandemics: mental health OR mental illness OR psychiatry OR psychology OR therapist OR PTSD OR posttraumatic OR post-traumatic stress disorder OR behavioral health OR anxiety [disorder] OR GAD OR depression/depressed OR complex grief AND data analysis OR statistic* OR prevalence OR percentage OR increase OR decrease. abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The ability to effectively prepare for and respond to the psychological fallout from large-scale disasters is a core competency of military mental health providers, as well as civilian emergency response teams. Disaster planning should be situation specific and data driven; vague, broad-spectrum planning can contribute to unprepared mental health teams and underserved patient populations. Herein, we review data on mental health sequelae from the twenty-first century pandemics, including SARS-CoV2 (COVID-19), and offer explanations for observed trends, insights regarding anticipated needs, and recommendations for preliminary planning on how to best allocate limited mental health resources. RECENT FINDINGS: Anxiety and distress, often attributed to isolation, were the most prominent mental health complaints during previous pandemics and with COVID-19. Additionally, post-traumatic stress was surprisingly common and possibly more enduring than depression, insomnia, and alcohol misuse. Predictions regarding COVID-19’s economic impact suggest that depression and suicide rates may increase over time. SUMMARY: Available data suggest that the mental health sequelae of COVID-19 will mirror those of previous pandemics. Clinicians and mental health leaders should focus planning efforts on the negative effects of isolation, particularly anxiety and distress, as well as post-traumatic stress symptoms. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33030637/ doi: 10.1007/s11920-020-01189-6 id: cord-304016-4o2bpedp author: Hanage, William P. title: COVID-19: US federal accountability for entry, spread, and inequities—lessons for the future date: 2020-11-02 words: 5701.0 sentences: 249.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304016-4o2bpedp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304016-4o2bpedp.txt summary: In this article we assess the impact of missteps by the Federal Government in three specific areas: the introduction of the virus to the US and the establishment of community transmission; the lack of national COVID-19 workplace standards and enforcement, and lack of personal protective equipment (PPE) for workplaces as represented by complaints to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) which we find are correlated with deaths 16 days later (ρ = 0.83); and the total excess deaths in 2020 to date already total more than 230,000, while COVID-19 mortality rates exhibit severe—and rising—inequities in race/ethnicity, including among working age adults. Finally, despite the initial federal failure to report COVID-19 data by race/ethnicity [6] , a combination of specific studies, state reporting, investigative journalism, and data trackers has revealed that a persistent feature of the pandemic has been the existence of racial/ethnic inequities in cases, hospitalizations, and mortality, especially with regard to increased risk among US Black, Latinx, and American Indian/Alaska Native populations compared to the US white non-Hispanic population [3-5, 7, 8, 69, 70] . abstract: The United States (US) has been among those nations most severely affected by the first—and subsequent—phases of the pandemic of COVID-19, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. With only 4% of the worldwide population, the US has seen about 22% of COVID-19 deaths. Despite formidable advantages in resources and expertise, presently the per capita mortality rate is over 585/million, respectively 2.4 and 5 times higher compared to Canada and Germany. As we enter Fall 2020, the US is enduring ongoing outbreaks across large regions of the country. Moreover, within the US, an early and persistent feature of the pandemic has been the disproportionate impact on populations already made vulnerable by racism and dangerous jobs, inadequate wages, and unaffordable housing, and this is true for both the headline public health threat and the additional disastrous economic impacts. In this article we assess the impact of missteps by the Federal Government in three specific areas: the introduction of the virus to the US and the establishment of community transmission; the lack of national COVID-19 workplace standards and enforcement, and lack of personal protective equipment (PPE) for workplaces as represented by complaints to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) which we find are correlated with deaths 16 days later (ρ = 0.83); and the total excess deaths in 2020 to date already total more than 230,000, while COVID-19 mortality rates exhibit severe—and rising—inequities in race/ethnicity, including among working age adults. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33136249/ doi: 10.1007/s10654-020-00689-2 id: cord-025496-lezggdjb author: Hannah, Adam title: The promises and pitfalls of polysemic ideas: ‘One Health’ and antimicrobial resistance policy in Australia and the UK date: 2020-05-29 words: 7080.0 sentences: 364.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-025496-lezggdjb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-025496-lezggdjb.txt summary: This paper scopes the policy-making potential of polysemic ideas by examining the impact of an ambiguous concept known as ''One Health'' on responses to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Australia and the UK. The cases show that Australian and UK governments both developed strategies against AMR while consulting broad arrays of stakeholders across human and animal health, food production, and the research sector. To scope the role of polysemic ideas in actual policy-making, we next investigate the political implications of ''One Health'', a concept that has become accepted among global and national public health authorities as the key ''approach'' to emerging infectious diseases (One Health 2017). While both countries have responded to AMR with national strategies and more specific policy initiatives, particularly in human health, Australia appears to be making less progress than the UK in critical areas such as surveillance in the veterinary health and food sectors. abstract: Recent scholarship posits that ambiguous (‘polysemic’) ideas are effective for coalition building between diverse stakeholders: their capacity to be interpreted differently attracts different interests. Hence, in search of political solutions to ‘wicked’ and similarly complex problems, deploying polysemic ideas would be critical to effective policy-making. This paper scopes the policy-making potential of polysemic ideas by examining the impact of an ambiguous concept known as ‘One Health’ on responses to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Australia and the UK. It offers two primary arguments. Firstly, polysemic ideas can help mobilise broad attention to complex problems: since One Health became associated with AMR, political and administrative attention has grown more intense and coordinated than previously. Secondly, however, a polysemic idea alone may be insufficient to generate effective action: the contrast between Australian and UK AMR policies illustrates that polysemic ideas do not suspend interests, institutions, or ideas that can be readily deployed. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s11077-020-09390-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorised users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7256178/ doi: 10.1007/s11077-020-09390-3 id: cord-335166-60lfjfvs author: Hanney, Stephen R. title: How to strengthen a health research system: WHO’s review, whose literature and who is providing leadership? date: 2020-06-23 words: 8484.0 sentences: 352.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335166-60lfjfvs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335166-60lfjfvs.txt summary: There is increasing support for the engagement of stakeholders in setting the priorities for research as well as in research processes and translation [7, 38, 51, 58, 59] Adopt monitoring and evaluation tools that focus on the objectives of the NHRS, including health system improvement A range of documents, including ones on the NIHR [24] , HRB [60] and Rwandan strategies [14] , and the World Health Report 2013 [1] , demonstrate the importance of adopting monitoring and evaluation approaches that include a focus on assessing the impacts of research on health polices/practice and the economy, e.g. through application of the Payback Framework [60, 61] Develop/participate in partnerships across regions, bilaterally or within the NHRS Examples of progress made by partnerships between countries, sometimes along with international organisations and donors, include the WAHO interventions [5, 37, 53, 54] and the work of WHO regional offices for Africa [11, 26] implemented in practice within research organisations [74] and how evidence is used in decision-making in crisis zones [75] . abstract: BACKGROUND: Health research is important for the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. However, there are many challenges facing health research, including securing sufficient funds, building capacity, producing research findings and using both local and global evidence, and avoiding waste. A WHO initiative addressed these challenges by developing a conceptual framework with four functions to guide the development of national health research systems. Despite some progress, more is needed before health research systems can meet their full potential of improving health systems. The WHO Regional Office for Europe commissioned an evidence synthesis of the systems-level literature. This Opinion piece considers its findings before reflecting on the vast additional literature available on the range of specific health research system functions related to the various challenges. Finally, it considers who should lead research system strengthening. MAIN TEXT: The evidence synthesis identifies two main approaches for strengthening national health research systems, namely implementing comprehensive and coherent strategies and participation in partnerships. The literature describing these approaches at the systems level also provides data on ways to strengthen each of the four functions of governance, securing financing, capacity-building, and production and use of research. Countries effectively implementing strategies include England, Ireland and Rwanda, whereas West Africa experienced effective partnerships. Recommended policy approaches for system strengthening are context specific. The vast literature on each function and the ever-growing evidence-base are illustrated by considering papers in just one key journal, Health Research Policy and Systems, and analysing the contribution of two national studies. A review of the functions of the Iranian system identifies over 200 relevant and mostly national records; an analysis of the creation of the English National Institute for Health Research describes the key leadership role played by the health department. Furthermore, WHO is playing leadership roles in helping coordinate partnerships within and across health research systems that have been attempting to tackle the COVID-19 crisis. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence synthesis provides a firm basis for decision-making by policy-makers and research leaders looking to strengthen national health research systems within their own national context. It identifies five crucial policy approaches — conducting situation analysis, sustaining a comprehensive strategy, engaging stakeholders, evaluating impacts on health systems, and partnership participation. The vast and ever-growing additional literature could provide further perspectives, including on crucial leadership roles for health ministries. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32571364/ doi: 10.1186/s12961-020-00581-1 id: cord-321299-h6pcatvx author: Hanson, Claudia title: Health system redesign for equity in maternal and newborn health must be codesigned, country led, adapted to context and fit for purpose date: 2020-10-14 words: 2238.0 sentences: 112.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321299-h6pcatvx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321299-h6pcatvx.txt summary: 2 The authors suggest that all childbirth care services should be moved to hospitals in all countries, combined with improvements in (1) the quality of care provided in these facilities; (2) transportation from home to hospital; and (3) continuity of care through hub-and-spoke arrangements. First, Roder-DeWan and colleagues propose that the present strategy of promoting childbirth care in primary health facilities may be the primary reason for improvements in maternal and newborn survival being less than anticipated. 19 However, midwifery-led birthing facilities equipped with functioning ambulance able to make transfers to a hospital with caesarean section services may be a less BMJ Global Health complex and more flexible approach; more responsive to the needs of women and their families. Maternal and perinatal outcomes by planned place of birth among women with low-risk pregnancies in high-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003748 doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003748 id: cord-345883-ncot7tvn author: Hansstein, Francesca Valeria title: Exploring motivations behind pollution-mask use in a sample of young adults in urban China date: 2018-12-04 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: Wearing a pollution mask is an effective, practical, and economic way to prevent the inhalation of dangerous particulate matter (PM). However, it is not uncommon to observe negligence in adopting such behaviour, and this especially among young segments of the population. Using the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) as conceptual framework, this study explores the role of socio-cognitive factors that affect the decision of wearing a pollution mask in the context of young educated people. This is done by selecting a sample of college students in urban China, a country that has seen air quality as one of the major challenges in the last decades. While young urban college students might be expected to be receptive to standard attempts to be influenced through reason-based cognitive stimuli, it is often found that this is not the case. The empirical analysis was articulated it in two steps. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was first used to examine the relationships among the conceptual constructs derived from the TPB conceptual model, and second Step-Wise Ordinary Least Squares Regressions (SWOLS) were employed to observe the partial effect played by each item on the decision to wear a mask. RESULTS: Results show that, while reason-based stimuli play a role, attitude, social norm, and self-efficacy were the most important predictors of the behavioural intention (p < 0.01). The role of past behaviour was also acknowledged as strongly associated with the dependent variable (p < 0.01). Overall, the likelihood of wearing a pollution mask increases with the importance of others socio-cognitive and psychological factors, which could help understand behavioural biases, and explain the relative role of several mechanisms behind the decision to wear a mask. CONCLUSIONS: While tackling pollution requires multiple and synergic approaches, encouraging self-prevention using pollution mask is a simple and effective action, implementable at negligible costs. Resistance among younger, well-educated cohorts to wear masks can be overcome by stressing the social desirability of action and the sense of empowerment derived from its usage. This study has the potential to inform policies aimed at changing suboptimal behavioural attitudes by identifying triggers for change, and it could serve in improving the tailoring of health promotion messages aimed at nudging healthy behaviour. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1186/s12992-018-0441-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30514342/ doi: 10.1186/s12992-018-0441-y id: cord-318063-bainw3d6 author: Haque, Mainul title: Health care-associated infections – an overview date: 2018-11-15 words: 8255.0 sentences: 534.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318063-bainw3d6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318063-bainw3d6.txt summary: Several studies suggest that simple infection-control procedures such as cleaning hands with an alcohol-based hand rub can help prevent HCAIs and save lives, reduce morbidity, and minimize health care costs. Health care-associated infections and prevention strategy About 68.6% of all bacterial isolates were resistant to cefuroxime used in the management of orthopedic SSIs. This study also found that diabetes mellitus, smoking, operations lasting more than 3 hours, the absence of antibiotic prophylaxis, and a history of previous surgery were positive risk factors associated with a significant upsurge in SSIs. 87 SSIs comprise at least 14%-22.2% of all HCAIs for abdominal surgery [88] [89] [90] and often lead to extended hospitalization and higher antimicrobial costs. Prevalence, incidence burden, and clinical impact of healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial resistance: a national prevalent cohort study in acute care hospitals in Greece abstract: Health care-associated infections (HCAIs) are infections that occur while receiving health care, developed in a hospital or other health care facility that first appear 48 hours or more after hospital admission, or within 30 days after having received health care. Multiple studies indicate that the common types of adverse events affecting hospitalized patients are adverse drug events, HCAIs, and surgical complications. The US Center for Disease Control and Prevention identifies that nearly 1.7 million hospitalized patients annually acquire HCAIs while being treated for other health issues and that more than 98,000 patients (one in 17) die due to these. Several studies suggest that simple infection-control procedures such as cleaning hands with an alcohol-based hand rub can help prevent HCAIs and save lives, reduce morbidity, and minimize health care costs. Routine educational interventions for health care professionals can help change their hand-washing practices to prevent the spread of infection. In support of this, the WHO has produced guidelines to promote hand-washing practices among member countries. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30532565/ doi: 10.2147/idr.s177247 id: cord-285277-8w03car3 author: Hare, Nathan title: COVID-19: Unmasking Telemedicine. date: 2020-06-27 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Abstract Telemedicine adoption has rapidly accelerated since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.1 Telemedicine provides increased access to medical care and helps to mitigate risk by conserving personal protective equipment and providing for social/physical distancing in order to continue to treat patients with a variety of allergic and immunologic conditions. During this time, many allergy and immunology clinicians have needed to adopt telemedicine expeditiously in their practices while studying the complex and variable issues surrounding its regulation and reimbursement. Some concerns have been temporarily alleviated since March 2020 to aid with patient care in the setting of COVID-19. Other changes are ongoing at the time of this publication. Members of the Telemedicine Work Group in the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI) completed a telemedicine literature review of online and Pub Med resources through May 9, 2020 to detail Pre-COVID-19 telemedicine knowledge and outline up to date telemedicine material. This work group report was developed to provide guidance to allergy/immunology clinicians as they navigate the swiftly evolving telemedicine landscape. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2020.06.038 doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.06.038 id: cord-263391-18x4ann5 author: Harvey, Ruth title: Comparison of Serologic Assays for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus date: 2019-10-17 words: 3042.0 sentences: 134.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263391-18x4ann5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263391-18x4ann5.txt summary: S ince the emergence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012 (1), more than 2,250 laboratory-confirmed cases have been reported to the World Health Organization (WHO); approximately one third of these cases were fatal. The Ministry of Health, Oman; Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia; and Korea National Institute of Health, South Korea, donated convalescent serum and plasma samples from PCR-confirmed MERS-CoV-infected patients. We included MERS-CoV-negative serum with antibodies against other human coronavirus HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, and HCoV-HKU1 (samples 3, 6, 7, 8, 13, 15, and 17) to test specificity of the assays ( Table 2 ). Participants detected pool A, the high-titer MERS-CoV antibody pool (sample 16) in all assays (Table 3) . The low-positive pool (pool C, sample 14) was only detected as positive in a single assay in the study, the Alpha Diagnostic International MERS NP ELISA performed in laboratory 05. abstract: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was detected in humans in 2012. Since then, sporadic outbreaks with primary transmission through dromedary camels to humans and outbreaks in healthcare settings have shown that MERS-CoV continues to pose a threat to human health. Several serologic assays for MERS-CoV have been developed globally. We describe a collaborative study to investigate the comparability of serologic assays for MERS-CoV and assess any benefit associated with the introduction of a standard reference reagent for MERS-CoV serology. Our study findings indicate that, when possible, laboratories should use a testing algorithm including >2 tests to ensure correct diagnosis of MERS-CoV. We also demonstrate that the use of a reference reagent greatly improves the agreement between assays, enabling more consistent and therefore more meaningful comparisons between results. url: https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2510.190497 doi: 10.3201/eid2510.190497 id: cord-024991-9ybyt89r author: Hastings, Gerard title: COVID-19: our last teachable moment date: 2020-05-21 words: 4261.0 sentences: 226.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-024991-9ybyt89r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-024991-9ybyt89r.txt summary: Le Monde however, sees prima face evidence of systemic problems with neoliberal global capitalism 6 , as does the French President whose March 12 address to the nation proclaimed the need to cross-examine our economic system which has been shown by COVID-19 to be so conspicuously flawed 7 . COVID 19 has served to underline this power, as Mark Grindle 11 points out: " the UK Government''s first response to coronavirus was to allow big US tech companies to centralise and mine confidential UK patients'' health data" and "the Scientific Group for Emergencies (SAGE) advising the UK Government''s response to the pandemic included those with evidenced and significant AI and data mining business interests." Naomi Klein confirms that this power grab is very much an international phenomenon 12 . It''s not." 20 We health educators and social marketers need to help people to care more; to think critically; to exercise their human rights. abstract: COVID-19 is bringing hardship and tragedy. Health workers are having to take appalling risks; loved ones are being lost; lockdown is causing great distress. And, as always in testing times, the disadvantaged are being hit worst. As we emerge from the shadows, the call from the vested interests, from the systems current winners, will be for a rapid return to business as usual. We must resist this; business as usual got us into this mess. COVID-19 is trying to tell us something; we health educators and social marketers must listen, think and, above all, take action. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7237165/ doi: 10.35241/emeraldopenres.13603.2 id: cord-349057-u7u39jho author: Hawton, Annie title: Involving Patients in Health Economics Research: “The PACTS Principles” date: 2020-10-12 words: 3852.0 sentences: 172.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349057-u7u39jho.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349057-u7u39jho.txt summary: We hope these "PACTS Principles" complement existing PPI approaches and provide a useful foundation for health economists considering patient involvement. A "task-based" approach to patient involvement can help with the more technical aspects of health economics research. The Health Economics and MS (HEMS) patient involvement group was initially established to inform a specific aspect of a study that aimed to develop a preference-based measure of health-related quality of life for use with people with MS [13] . Where the research activity is more directed towards shedding light on "known unknowns", we have found that a task-based approach provides a useful framework for guiding detailed work on highly specific aspects of a study to generate "focused" impacts. We hope the PACTS Principles complement existing PPI approaches and frameworks and provide useful foundations for health economists when considering patient involvement, and will ultimately build towards the development of practical guidance for patient involvement in HE research. abstract: Discussion of public and patient involvement (PPI) in health economics (HE) research is growing. There is much literature on PPI principles and standards, but little specifically regarding involving patients in HE research. Here, we outline “PACTS”, a set of principles, developed with a PPI group, for considering patient involvement in HE research. Planning: Involvement is best built in to research plans from the outset. This includes setting specific goals for involvement activities, and clearly communicating the background and purpose of involvement. Approach selection: We describe two main approaches to involvement—discussion-based and task-based. Discussion-based approaches are useful for generating broad insights and revealing “unknown unknowns”. Task-based approaches offer a more focused means of shedding light on “known unknowns”. Continuous involvement: Involving patients throughout the research process and across a range of projects helps build expertise for patients and insight for HE researchers. Team building: Meaningful involvement creates a shared sense of ownership of the research and, over time, helps to develop a team ethos, enhancing the positive impacts of involvement. Sensitivity: HE research can be perceived as technical and impersonal. Addressing this requires sensitivity, clarity, and an honest and open approach. There is increased recognition that patient contributors are experts at providing a “lived experience” perspective, in the way that clinicians are experts at providing an overview of conditions and HEs are experts in the methodology of their discipline. We hope these “PACTS Principles” complement existing PPI approaches and provide a useful foundation for health economists considering patient involvement. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s40271-020-00461-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40271-020-00461-4 doi: 10.1007/s40271-020-00461-4 id: cord-018116-99z6ykb2 author: Healing, Tim title: Surveillance and Control of Communicable Disease in Conflicts and Disasters date: 2009 words: 8922.0 sentences: 479.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-018116-99z6ykb2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-018116-99z6ykb2.txt summary: They must be able to • assess the health status of the population affected and identify the main health priorities • monitor the development and determine the severity of any health emergency that develops (including monitoring the incidence of and case fatality rates from diseases, receiving early warning of epidemics and monitoring responses) At first sight, undertaking public health activities in emergencies, especially in conflicts, may seem to be difficult or impossible. In other types of disaster public health activities may be expected to be less affected by the security situation than in a war (although aid workers may be at risk if populations are severely deprived of resources such as food, shelter, water, or cash), and with limited access and damage to communication systems and other parts of the infrastructure assessment, surveillance and control activities can be severely restricted. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7122909/ doi: 10.1007/978-1-84800-352-1_13 id: cord-325112-7ie23c7f author: Heimer, Carol A. title: The uses of disorder in negotiated information orders: information leveraging and changing norms in global public health governance date: 2018-10-04 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The SARS epidemic that broke out in late 2002 in China’s Guangdong Province highlighted the difficulties of reliance on state‐provided information when states have incentives to conceal discrediting information about public health threats. Using SARS and the International Health Regulations (IHR) as a starting point, this article examines negotiated information orders in global public health governance and the irregularities in the supply of data that underlie them. Negotiated information orders within and among the organizations in a field (here, e.g., the World Health Organization, member states, government agencies, and international non‐governmental organizations) spell out relationships among different categories of knowledge and non‐knowledge – what is known, acknowledged to be known, and available for use in decision making versus what might be known but cannot be acknowledged or officially used. Through information leveraging, technically sufficient information then becomes socially sufficient information. Thus it is especially information initially categorized as non‐knowledge – including suppressed data, rumour, unverified evidence, and unofficial information – that creates pressure for the renegotiation of information orders. The argument and evidence of the article also address broader issues about how international law and global norms are realigned, how global norms change, and how social groups manage risk. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30288737/ doi: 10.1111/1468-4446.12495 id: cord-022266-nezgzovk author: Henderson, Joan C. title: Tourism and Health Crises date: 2009-11-16 words: 7964.0 sentences: 394.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-022266-nezgzovk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-022266-nezgzovk.txt summary: Such situations and approaches to their resolution represent the subject of this chapter in which health risks when traveling and on arrival at destinations are considered, with a section devoted to infectious diseases affecting humans and animals and birds. Health is a major public and private concern in general and a key element in destination choice and visitor satisfaction, with individuals and the tourism industry likely to shun environments where there might be a risk to tourist well-being. Some studies have concluded that the health of as many as 50% of participants is impaired by the experience of international tourism (Dawood, 1989) and the rise in foreign travel has been accompanied by an increased incidence of disease, especially that of a tropical nature (Connor, 2005) . Some initiatives to minimize unnecessary dangers and avoid serious injuries in the fi eld of adventure tourism are operator accreditation schemes, strict health and safety rules, codes of conduct, staff training and the education and prior assessment of participants (Bentley and Page, 2001) . abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7155505/ doi: 10.1016/b978-0-7506-7834-6.50008-9 id: cord-311558-1y6z8qso author: Henry, Caitlin title: Palliative Space-Time: Expanding and Contracting Geographies of US Health Care date: 2020-09-19 words: 8232.0 sentences: 450.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311558-1y6z8qso.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311558-1y6z8qso.txt summary: Developed out of research on the impacts of hospital restructuring on workers, patients, and communities, this paper aims to understand how health care financing, care needs for the ageing, and new geographies of health services are intertwined. I paired this news analysis with a review of secondary literature (primarily from health economics and public health) focusing on studies done since 1982 on the impacts of the prospective payment system on hospital financing and the use and cost effectiveness of hospice. Finally, I apply the idea of palliative space-time to these contradictory J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f changes, to reveal a death-focused logic at work in US health care today and consider what alternative possibilities exist. PST is useful for understanding the implications of those two legislative changes of the early 1980s: the callous palliative state of the health care system, with the care-full service of hospice. abstract: Two important changes are happening in health care in the US. As hospitals close in high numbers, the geographies of health care services are changing. Also, the ageing of the population brings about new and complex care needs. These are not discrete trends, as ageing impacts the who, what, and where of care needs, and hospital closures remakes the geographies of where people overall access care. Developed out of research on the impacts of hospital restructuring on workers, patients, and communities, this paper aims to understand how health care financing, care needs for the ageing, and new geographies of health services are intertwined. To do so, I look back to 1980s policy changes to Medicare, the federal health insurance program for the elderly and disabled. In 1982, Congress made two important changes to Medicare. The program began covering hospice services, constituting an expansion of care, and the government drastically changed the way it reimburses providers, effectively a contraction of the program. I trace the impacts of these changes over the next decades through analysis of media coverage and secondary research on hospital budgets. Drawing on the concept of palliative space-time, I identify a contradictory logic of death at the center of this expansion and contraction of the health care system. This death logic works to destabilize an already uneven geography of health service. Yet, this crisis has the potential for more just geographies of health and care. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277953620305967?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113377 id: cord-284017-1fz90e3k author: Henríquez, Josefa title: The first months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain date: 2020-08-27 words: 5723.0 sentences: 322.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284017-1fz90e3k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284017-1fz90e3k.txt summary: Although the first case diagnosed with COVID-19 was registered at the end of January, the Spanish health authorities did not undertake measures until one month later, moment when a systematic and exponential increase in registered cases and deceases was observed. To tackle with the outbreak and contain the spread, the management of public health policies were centralized within the Ministry of Health and the authorities undertook exceptional measures based on a generalized lockdown by which the majority of the economic activity ceased for several weeks. Until May, the ISCIII released daily information at regional level regarding confirmed cases (through different testing methods), hospitalizations as well as referrals to Intensive Care Units (ICU), deceased and recovered cases. Despite the measures to tackle with COVID-19 have been centralized by the Ministry of Health and implemented homogeneously across the country, we have shown that the pandemic has had a different impact across Spanish provinces. abstract: BACKGROUND: : The COVID-19 outbreak has led to an unprecedented crisis in Spain. After Italy, the spread of the virus was quick, and Spain became the second epicenter in Europe by number of cases and deceased. To tackle the outbreak and contain the spread, the Spanish authorities undertook exceptional measures based on a generalized lockdown by which the majority of the economic activity ceased for several weeks. OBJECTIVES: : The goal of this paper is to examine the spread of COVID-19 in Spain from February to May 2020, as well as the public policies and technologies used to contain the evolution of the pandemic. In particular it aims to assess the effectivity of the policies applied within the different autonomous communities. Cases and deaths are presented until August as well as the main changes in containment and mitigation measures. METHODS: : Data was collected from various official sources, including government reports, press releases and datasets provided by national and international level institutions. RESULTS: : We show that the main measure to contain the spread of the pandemic was a stringent confinement policy enforced through fines. It resulted in a substantial reduction in the mobility and the economic activity. At a regional level, the negative consequences of the crisis affected differently across regions. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hlpt.2020.08.013 doi: 10.1016/j.hlpt.2020.08.013 id: cord-275034-tq6tbhsn author: Hensel, D. J. title: Changes in Solo and Partnered Sexual Behaviors during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings from a U.S. Probability Survey date: 2020-06-11 words: 5059.0 sentences: 260.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275034-tq6tbhsn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275034-tq6tbhsn.txt summary: Having elementary aged children at home, past month depressive symptoms and loneliness and enacting more COVID-19 protective behaviors were associated with both reduced partnered bonding behaviors, such as hugging, cuddling, holding hands and kissing, as well as reduced partnered sexual behaviors, such as oral sex, partnered genital touching and vaginal sex. 10 Individuals who are well-educated about COVID-19, 9 including transmission and prevention information, may feel empowered to participate in partnered sex particularly if they perceive that knowledge makes them "low risk." 4 Finally, COVID-19 mitigation measures, such as social distancing and recommended hygiene (e.g., hand washing), could impact how people approach sex. 3, 6, 16 The purpose of the current paper is to characterize the past month self-reported sexual changes in solo and partnered sexual behaviors in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults, and understand how those changes are associated with structural, mental health, and COVID-associated risk perception and knowledge. abstract: Background: Research demonstrates that pandemics adversely impact sexual and reproductive health (SRH), but few have examined their impact on participation in sex. We examined self-reported changes in solo and sexual behaviors in U.S. adults during early stages of the public health response to COVID-19. Methods: We conducted an online, nationally representative, cross-sectional survey of U.S. adults (N=1010; aged 18-94 years; 62% response rate) from April 10-20, 2020. We used weighted multinomial logistic regression to examine past month self-reported changes (decreased, stable or increased) in ten solo and partnered sexual behaviors. Predictor variables included: having children at home, past month depressive symptoms, (ACHA 3-item scale), past month loneliness (UCLA 3-Item Loneliness scale), COVID-19 protection behaviors (adapted 12-item scale), perceived COVID-19 consequences (adapted 10-item scale) and COVID-19 knowledge (adapted 10-item scale). Findings: Nearly half of all adults reported some kind of change, most commonly, a decrease, in their sexual behavior in the past month. Having elementary aged children at home, past month depressive symptoms and loneliness and enacting more COVID-19 protective behaviors were associated with both reduced partnered bonding behaviors, such as hugging, cuddling, holding hands and kissing, as well as reduced partnered sexual behaviors, such as oral sex, partnered genital touching and vaginal sex. Greater COVID19 risk perception and greater COVID19 knowledge were associated with mixed effects in behavior outcomes. Interpretations: Our data illustrate the very personal ways in which different pandemic-associated factors may create or inhibit opportunities for solo and partnered sex. The centrality of sexuality to health and well-being, even during pandemics, means that a critical piece of public health prevention and management responses should is ensuring that services and resource that support positive sexual decision making remain open and available. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.09.20125609 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.09.20125609 id: cord-304510-sfhwaqfr author: Henssler, Jonathan title: Mental health effects of infection containment strategies: quarantine and isolation—a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-10-06 words: 5306.0 sentences: 261.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304510-sfhwaqfr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304510-sfhwaqfr.txt summary: It has been suggested that vulnerable populations at risk for negative psychological outcomes before implementation of containment strategies, e.g. persons with mental illness, low income, or lack of social network, may be at particular greater risk during and after quarantine or isolation [4] . We, therefore, conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of the mental health effects of quarantine and isolation, based on controlled primary study data. For isolated/quarantined individuals, dissatisfaction with containment measures, supply, or the relationship to healthcare-personnel was associated with higher levels of anxiety and anger [13] , stress-related disorders/PTSD (2 studies [8, 14] ) and lower general mental health [8] . Large groups of the general population may be affected, but individuals who are already facing psychosocial adversities before quarantine or isolation (including persons with low income, lack of social networks, or mental health problems) appear to be among those vulnerable groups at greatest risk for negative psychological outcomes. abstract: Due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, an unprecedented number of people worldwide is currently affected by quarantine or isolation. These measures have been suggested to negatively impact on mental health. We conducted the first systematic literature review and meta-analysis assessing the psychological effects in both quarantined and isolated persons compared to non-quarantined and non-isolated persons. PubMed, PsycINFO, and Embase databases were searched for studies until April 22, 2020 (Prospero Registration-No.: CRD42020180043). We followed PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines for data extraction and synthesis and the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale for assessing risk of bias of included studies. A random-effects model was implemented to pool effect sizes of included studies. The primary outcomes were depression, anxiety, and stress-related disorders. All other psychological parameters, such as anger, were reported as secondary outcomes. Out of 6807 screened articles, 25 studies were included in our analyses. Compared to controls, individuals experiencing isolation or quarantine were at increased risk for adverse mental health outcomes, particularly after containment duration of 1 week or longer. Effect sizes were summarized for depressive disorders (odds ratio 2.795; 95% CI 1.467–5.324), anxiety disorders (odds ratio 2.0; 95% CI 0.883–4.527), and stress-related disorders (odds ratio 2.742; 95% CI 1.496–5.027). Among secondary outcomes, elevated levels of anger were reported most consistently. There is compelling evidence for adverse mental health effects of isolation and quarantine, in particular depression, anxiety, stress-related disorders, and anger. Reported determinants can help identify populations at risk and our findings may serve as an evidence-base for prevention and management strategies. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00406-020-01196-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-020-01196-x doi: 10.1007/s00406-020-01196-x id: cord-257622-m6j0us2e author: Herman, Joanna title: Advising the traveller date: 2017-12-07 words: 3896.0 sentences: 190.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257622-m6j0us2e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257622-m6j0us2e.txt summary: The key elements of pre-travel advice are health risk assessment, health promotion and risk management; this involves advice on prevention of malaria, travellers'' diarrhoea, sexually transmitted infections and accidents, as well as appropriate vaccinations. It also varies according to the health status Key points C There has been an increase in travel to tropical destinations, with subsequent exposure of travellers to malaria, dengue and other tropical and vaccine-preventable infections C The most likely causes of mortality in travellers are accidental injury or a cardiovascular event, rather than an infectious disease C Malaria is one of the most common and serious causes of fever in travellers The key features of a pre-travel consultation are health risk assessment, and health promotion with risk management C Higher risk groups of travellers include those visiting friends and relatives, those with co-morbidities, pregnant women and very young or elderly travellers of the traveller: their medical conditions, current medications, allergies and immunization history. abstract: Global travel continues to increase, particularly to tropical destinations that have different health risks from those encountered closer to home. Currently, over a billion people travel annually, with over 65 million visits made from the UK. Seeking pre-travel advice should be an essential part of any trip for a traveller. The key elements of pre-travel advice are health risk assessment, health promotion and risk management; this involves advice on prevention of malaria, travellers' diarrhoea, sexually transmitted infections and accidents, as well as appropriate vaccinations. Higher risk groups of travellers, such as those visiting friends and relatives, those with co-morbidities, pregnant women and very young or elderly individuals, particularly need to be targeted. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mpmed.2017.10.004 doi: 10.1016/j.mpmed.2017.10.004 id: cord-281836-j1r771nq author: Hernando-Amado, Sara title: Antibiotic Resistance: Moving From Individual Health Norms to Social Norms in One Health and Global Health date: 2020-08-28 words: 14097.0 sentences: 630.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281836-j1r771nq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281836-j1r771nq.txt summary: Global Health is based on a broad collaborative and transnational approach to establish "health for all humans." In this case, it focuses AR at a general (global) scale, considering that the selection and global spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARBs) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are a problem that influences the health of human societies with disparate social and economic structures and is linked to many societal and ecological factors (Chokshi et al., 2019) . Although not belonging to the antibiotic resistome, genes frequently associated with resistance to other antimicrobials, such as heavy metals or biocides, as well as the genes of the MGEs backbones, eventually involved in the transmission and selection of ARGs among microbial populations, the mobilome at large, are also relevant to track the emergence and dissemination of AR among different habitats Martinez et al., 2017; Baquero et al., 2019) . abstract: Antibiotic resistance is a problem for human health, and consequently, its study had been traditionally focused toward its impact for the success of treating human infections in individual patients (individual health). Nevertheless, antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes are not confined only to the infected patients. It is now generally accepted that the problem goes beyond humans, hospitals, or long-term facility settings and that it should be considered simultaneously in human-connected animals, farms, food, water, and natural ecosystems. In this regard, the health of humans, animals, and local antibiotic-resistance–polluted environments should influence the health of the whole interconnected local ecosystem (One Health). In addition, antibiotic resistance is also a global problem; any resistant microorganism (and its antibiotic resistance genes) could be distributed worldwide. Consequently, antibiotic resistance is a pandemic that requires Global Health solutions. Social norms, imposing individual and group behavior that favor global human health and in accordance with the increasingly collective awareness of the lack of human alienation from nature, will positively influence these solutions. In this regard, the problem of antibiotic resistance should be understood within the framework of socioeconomic and ecological efforts to ensure the sustainability of human development and the associated human–natural ecosystem interactions. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32983000/ doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01914 id: cord-254708-3d3abhg5 author: Herten-Crabb, Asha title: Why WHO needs a feminist economic agenda date: 2020-03-26 words: 1785.0 sentences: 94.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254708-3d3abhg5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254708-3d3abhg5.txt summary: A feminist economic approach to health requires that all people at all levels of healthcare decision making reorient their notion of wellbeing to include gender equality for women in all their diversities. As international financial institutions and donor groups like the World Bank and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development embrace gender equality and the UHC agenda, WHO has the opportunity to use its access to these institutions to demonstrate the necessity of a feminist economic approach to build better, more equitable ways to steer sustainable economies that prioritise health and gender equality as mutually inclusive. Clear evidence of increased alcohol consumption and attributable harm in many low-income and middleincome countries (LMICs), 1 and predictions of more harm to come if effective policy is not adopted, 2 led a group of representatives from LMICs to propose a working group "to review and propose the feasibility of developing an international instrument for alcohol control". abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32222184/ doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30110-0 id: cord-291528-j4uir8ns author: Heymann, David L title: Social, Behavioural and Environmental Factors and Their Impact on Infectious Disease Outbreaks date: 2005-04-25 words: 1848.0 sentences: 86.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291528-j4uir8ns.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291528-j4uir8ns.txt summary: In their article "Meeting the challenge of epidemic infectious diseases outbreaks: an agenda for research", Kai-Lit Phua and Lai Kah Lee clearly demonstrate how social, behavioural and environmental factors, linked to a host of human activities, have accelerated and amplified these natural phenomena. By reviewing published and non-published information about outbreaks of Nipah virus in Malaysia, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and avian influenza in Asia, and the HIV pandemic, they provide a series of examples that demonstrate the various social, behavioural and environmental factors of these recent infectious disease outbreaks. Although intensive research has failed to disclose the origins of Marburg and Ebola hemorrhagic fever outbreaks, microbes causing both diseases are also thought to be transmitted to humans who encounter animal sources somewhere in the transmission cycle (16) . abstract: The microbes that cause infectious diseases are complex, dynamic, and constantly evolving. They reproduce rapidly, mutate frequently, breach species barriers, adapt with relative ease to new hosts and new environments, and develop resistance to the drugs used to treat them. In their article “Meeting the challenge of epidemic infectious diseases outbreaks: an agenda for research”, Kai-Lit Phua and Lai Kah Lee clearly demonstrate how social, behavioural and environmental factors, linked to a host of human activities, have accelerated and amplified these natural phenomena. By reviewing published and non-published information about outbreaks of Nipah virus in Malaysia, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and avian influenza in Asia, and the HIV pandemic, they provide a series of examples that demonstrate the various social, behavioural and environmental factors of these recent infectious disease outbreaks. They then analyse some of these same determinants in important historical epidemics and pandemics such as plague in medieval Europe, and conclude that it is important to better understand the social conditions that facilitate the appearance of diseases outbreaks in order to determine why and how societies react to outbreaks and their impact on different population groups. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15906882/ doi: 10.1057/palgrave.jphp.3200004 id: cord-262190-velir6gb author: Hickey, Jason title: Pandemic preparedness: perceptions of vulnerable migrants in Thailand towards WHO-recommended non-pharmaceutical interventions: a cross-sectional study date: 2014-06-28 words: 4792.0 sentences: 258.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262190-velir6gb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262190-velir6gb.txt summary: The study was conducted during the influenza H1N1 2009 pandemic and included 801 migrant participants living in border areas thought to be high risk by the Thailand Ministry of Public Health. CONCLUSIONS: Negative or ambivalent attitudes towards NPIs combined with other barriers identified suggest that vulnerable migrants in Thailand have a limited capacity to participate in pandemic preparedness efforts. We hope that this information will help us to gauge the capacity of individuals within the vulnerable migrant community to participate in pandemic preparedness and response efforts, and to identify potential barriers to NPI effectiveness. Future research efforts should continue to assess the perceptions and ability of diverse populations relating to implementation of NPIs. These data could provide valuable information to public health agencies with regard to planning for future outbreaks and pandemics and assessing risk communication and public education activities. abstract: BACKGROUND: Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) constituted the principal public health response to the previous influenza A (H1N1) 2009 pandemic and are one key area of ongoing preparation for future pandemics. Thailand is an important point of focus in terms of global pandemic preparedness and response due to its role as the major transportation hub for Southeast Asia, the endemic presence of multiple types of influenza, and its role as a major receiving country for migrants. Our aim was to collect information about vulnerable migrants’ perceptions of and ability to implement NPIs proposed by the WHO. We hope that this information will help us to gauge the capacity of this population to engage in pandemic preparedness and response efforts, and to identify potential barriers to NPI effectiveness. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was performed. The study was conducted during the influenza H1N1 2009 pandemic and included 801 migrant participants living in border areas thought to be high risk by the Thailand Ministry of Public Health. Data were collected by Migrant Community Health Workers using a 201-item interviewer-assisted questionnaire. Univariate descriptive analyses were conducted. RESULTS: With the exception of border measures, to which nearly all participants reported they would be adherent, attitudes towards recommended NPIs were generally negative or uncertain. Other potential barriers to NPI implementation include limited experience applying these interventions (e.g., using a thermometer, wearing a face mask) and inadequate hand washing and household disinfection practices. CONCLUSIONS: Negative or ambivalent attitudes towards NPIs combined with other barriers identified suggest that vulnerable migrants in Thailand have a limited capacity to participate in pandemic preparedness efforts. This limited capacity likely puts migrants at risk of propagating the spread of a pandemic virus. Coordinated risk communication and public education are potential strategies that may reduce barriers to individual NPI implementation. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24973943/ doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-665 id: cord-335141-ag3j8obh author: Higgins, G.C. title: FFP3 reusable respirators for COVID-19; adequate and suitable in the healthcare setting date: 2020-06-30 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2020.06.002 doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2020.06.002 id: cord-355523-zol0k94p author: Hill-Cawthorne, Grant title: Advancing Planetary Health in Australia: focus on emerging infections and antimicrobial resistance date: 2019-04-22 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: With rising population numbers, anthropogenic changes to our environment and unprecedented global connectivity, the World Economic Forum ranks the spread of infectious diseases second only to water crises in terms of potential global impact. Addressing the diverse challenges to human health and well-being in the 21st century requires an overarching focus on ‘Planetary Health’, with input from all sectors of government, non-governmental organisations, academic institutions and industry. To clarify and advance the Planetary Health agenda within Australia, specifically in relation to emerging infectious diseases (EID) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR), national experts and key stakeholders were invited to a facilitated workshop. EID themes identified included animal reservoirs, targeted surveillance, mechanisms of emergence and the role of unrecognised human vectors (the ‘invisible man’) in the spread of infection. Themes related to AMR included antimicrobial use in production and companion animals, antimicrobial stewardship, novel treatment approaches and education of professionals, politicians and the general public. Effective infection control strategies are important in both EID and AMR. We provide an overview of key discussion points, as well as important barriers identified and solutions proposed. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31139446/ doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2018-001283 id: cord-336161-67pumvst author: Himmelstein, David U. title: The U.S. Health Care System on the Eve of the Covid-19 Epidemic: A Summary of Recent Evidence on Its Impaired Performance date: 2020-06-30 words: 3980.0 sentences: 223.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336161-67pumvst.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336161-67pumvst.txt summary: Before the recession caused by the pandemic, tens of millions of Americans were unable to afford care, compromising their physical and financial health; deep-pocketed corporate interests were increasingly dominating the hospital industry and taking over physicians'' practices; and insurers'' profits hit record levels. 14 A new study finds that Veterans Health Administration (VA) patients, relative to Americans with non-VA coverage, are only about half as likely to skip a prescribed medication because of costs (6.1% vs 10.9% of others), despite VA patients having lower average incomes. A recent study indicates why the US advocacy organization Physicians for a National Health Program calls for Improved Medicare for All. Among seriously ill Medicare enrollees (i.e., those who have visited 3 or more physicians and been hospitalized at least twice in the past year), 53% had a serious problem paying a medical bill, 36% had used up all or most of their savings, 27% had been contacted by a collection agency, and 23% were unable to pay for basic necessities. abstract: Four decades of neoliberal health policies have left the United States with a health care system that prioritizes the profits of large corporate actors, denies needed care to tens of millions, is extraordinarily fragmented and inefficient, and was ill prepared to address the COVID-19 pandemic. The payment system has long rewarded hospitals for providing elective surgical procedures to well-insured patients while penalizing those providing the most essential and urgent services, causing hospital revenues to plummet as elective procedures were cancelled during the pandemic. Before the recession caused by the pandemic, tens of millions of Americans were unable to afford care, compromising their physical and financial health; deep-pocketed corporate interests were increasingly dominating the hospital industry and taking over physicians’ practices; and insurers’ profits hit record levels. Meanwhile, yawning class-based and racial inequities in care and health outcomes remain and have even widened. Recent data highlight the failure of policy strategies based on market models and the need to shift to a nonprofit social insurance model. url: https://doi.org/10.1177/0020731420937631 doi: 10.1177/0020731420937631 id: cord-354371-321vd28d author: Hinchman, Angelica title: Global Health Is Local Health: A Multidisciplinary Perspective of COVID-19 date: 2020 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32612464/ doi: 10.31486/toj.20.0059 id: cord-018517-hrb1vt03 author: Hipgrave, David title: Health System in China date: 2018-09-03 words: 11845.0 sentences: 528.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-018517-hrb1vt03.txt txt: ./txt/cord-018517-hrb1vt03.txt summary: China''s health reforms remain encouragingly specific but not prescriptive on strategy; set in the decentralized governance structure, they avoid the issue of reliance on local government support for the national equity objective, leaving the detailed design of health service financing, human resource distribution and accountability, essential drug lists and application of clinical care pathways, etc. China''s health reforms remain encouragingly specific but not prescriptive on strategy; set in the decentralized governance structure, they avoid the issue of reliance on local government support for the national equity objective, leaving the detailed design of health service financing, human resource distribution and accountability, essential drug lists and application of clinical care pathways, etc. abstract: The health of China’s population improved dramatically during the first 30 years of the People’s Republic, established in 1949. By the mid-1970s, China was already undergoing the epidemiologic transition, years ahead of other nations of similar economic status, and by 1980, life expectancy (67 years) exceeded that of most similarly low-income nations by 7 years. Almost 30 years later, China’s 2009 health reforms were a response to deep inequity in access to affordable, quality healthcare resulting from three decades of marketization, including de facto privatization of the health sector, along with decentralized accountability and, to a large degree, financing of public health services. The reforms are built on earlier, equity-enhancing initiatives, particularly the reintroduction of social health insurance since 2003, and are planned to continue until 2020, with gradual achievement of overarching objectives on universal and equitable access to health services. The second phase of reform commenced in early 2012. China’s health reforms remain encouragingly specific but not prescriptive on strategy; set in the decentralized governance structure, they avoid the issue of reliance on local government support for the national equity objective, leaving the detailed design of health service financing, human resource distribution and accountability, essential drug lists and application of clinical care pathways, etc. to local health authorities answerable to local government, not the Ministry of Health. Community engagement in government processes, including in provision of healthcare, remains limited. This chapter uses the documentation and literature on health reform in China to provide a comprehensive overview of the current situation of the health sector and its reform in the People’s Republic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7123409/ doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8715-3_42 id: cord-322799-opf1qwgl author: Hiremath, Channabasavaraj Shivalingaiah title: IACTS guidelines: practice of cardiovascular and thoracic surgery in the COVID-19 era date: 2020-08-11 words: 3937.0 sentences: 251.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322799-opf1qwgl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322799-opf1qwgl.txt summary: Patients undergoing cardiovascular and thoracic procedures are at an accentuated risk of higher morbidity and mortality, which are a consequence of the proliferative nature of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on the lung vasculature, which in turn reflects as a cascading effect on the interdependent physiology of the cardiovascular and pulmonary organ systems. A patient with any acute respiratory illness and having been in contact with a confirmed or probable COVID-19 case in the last 14 days prior to symptom onset or C. However, as per Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, all hospital personnel handling COVID-19 cases are advised hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis. Testing recommendation for COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) in patients planned for surgery -continuing the service and ''suppressing'' the pandemic COVID-19: elective case triage guidelines for surgical care (thoracic surgery COVID-19: elective cases triage guidelines for surgical care (vascular surgery abstract: Patients undergoing cardiovascular and thoracic procedures are at an accentuated risk of higher morbidity and mortality, which are a consequence of the proliferative nature of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on the lung vasculature, which in turn reflects as a cascading effect on the interdependent physiology of the cardiovascular and pulmonary organ systems. These are secondary to systemic inflammatory response syndrome and immunosuppressive responses to surgery and mechanical ventilation. Thus, the need to establish guidelines for the practice of cardiothoracic surgery which is safe for both the patient and the healthcare team presents as a priority, which is the mainstay of this article. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12055-020-01016-w doi: 10.1007/s12055-020-01016-w id: cord-319998-dkk2motm author: Ho, Jing-Mao title: Unequal discourses: Problems of the current model of world health development date: 2020-09-09 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed institutional deficiencies in world health development. This viewpoint paper examines the allegations about the partiality and political bias of the World Health Organization’s (WHO) response to world health emergencies. We draw on quantitative and qualitative analysis of the WHO’s Director-General’s speeches pertaining to the COVID-19 and EVD outbreaks. We find that the WHO’s discourse on COVID-19 praised the Chinese government’s role in the containment. By contrast, the WHO’s discourse on the African countries fighting to contain Ebola centered on the unpreparedness of these countries. We argue that the WHO’s unbalanced emphasis on different practices and “traits” of member states paints a partial picture of global health emergencies, thus it fails to uphold its founding principles of egalitarianism and impartiality. Finally, we put forward suggestions about a more equal and fairer model of world health development. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0305750X2030303X doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105176 id: cord-301192-wif0te3w author: Hoffman, David A title: Increasing Access to Care: Telehealth During COVID-19 date: 2020-06-16 words: 5793.0 sentences: 304.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301192-wif0te3w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301192-wif0te3w.txt summary: The current public health emergency necessitates a detailed look at the federal and state telehealth regulations to determine what changes will properly incentivize rapid adoption of the technology while also mitigating concerns related to safety, privacy, cybersecurity, and how best to assist underserved communities and people. Increasing Access to Care: Telehealth During COVID-19 5 CMS also will now provide for reimbursement for RPM services for acute conditions as well as chronic, and that expansion will extend beyond the public health emergency. Further, covered entities (and their business associates) must apply the administrative, physical, and technical safeguards of the HIPAA Security Rule to electronic protected health information." 33 However, in a March 30, 2020, Notification OCR stated: "During the COVID-19 national emergency, which also constitutes a nationwide public health emergency, covered health care providers subject to the HIPAA Rules may seek to communicate with patients, and provide telehealth services, through remote communications technologies. abstract: The COVID-19 public health emergency has amplified both the potential value and the challenges with health care providers deploying telehealth solutions. As people across the country find ways to stay at home, telehealth preserves an opportunity to obtain necessary healthcare services. Further, telehealth can help individuals avoid COVID-19 infection, free up hospital beds and other resources for those patients most in need and prevent infected individuals from spreading that infection. Federal and state regulators have recognized this potential of telehealth and have quickly changed a variety of laws and regulations to enable health care providers to deploy solutions quickly. These changes can provide lasting benefits for the use of telehealth well after the current crisis. However, to best realize telehealth’s benefits further legal and regulatory action are necessary. Specifically, lawmakers and regulators should focus on six areas: reimbursement, privacy/cybersecurity, liability, licensure, technology access, and AI. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/jlb/lsaa043 doi: 10.1093/jlb/lsaa043 id: cord-033803-79me0615 author: Holland, Caroline title: Why prevention must be targeted, creative and multi-faceted date: 2020-10-16 words: 1730.0 sentences: 94.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-033803-79me0615.txt txt: ./txt/cord-033803-79me0615.txt summary: '' With dental practices and many early years settings closed, Jo described how everyone involved in the programme did what they could to ensure children still got their toothbrushing packs. As in Manchester, programmes are geared to funding GDPs to provide prevention as well as building links between dental practices early years settings and health visitor and social care teams. GDP Mohsan Ahmad, Chair of the Local Dental Network, wrote the foreword to a document 4 setting out the three-year plan, stressing that dental teams would play an essential part, by engaging communities to value good oral health, driving improvement in outcomes. In January of last year, the Greater Manchester Health and Social Care Partnership (GMHSCP) launched 6 a £1.5 million programme to reduce dental decay. A key development was the Green Paper published last year 10 in which the Government committed to put prevention at the heart of all its health and social care decisionmaking. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7562689/ doi: 10.1038/s41407-020-0440-8 id: cord-273918-knlc3bxh author: Holmes, Emily A title: Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: a call for action for mental health science date: 2020-04-15 words: 10279.0 sentences: 452.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273918-knlc3bxh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273918-knlc3bxh.txt summary: 1,2 Furthermore, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes COVID-19, might infect the brain or trigger immune responses that have additional adverse effects on brain function and mental health in patients with Research funders and researchers must deploy resources to understand the psychological, social, and neuroscientific effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. We use the term mental health sciences to reflect the many different disciplines, including, but not limited to, psychology, psychiatry, clinical medicine, behavioural and social sciences, and neuroscience, that will need to work together in a multidisciplinary fashion together with people with lived experience of mental health issues or COVID-19 to address these research priorities. abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is having a profound effect on all aspects of society, including mental health and physical health. We explore the psychological, social, and neuroscientific effects of COVID-19 and set out the immediate priorities and longer-term strategies for mental health science research. These priorities were informed by surveys of the public and an expert panel convened by the UK Academy of Medical Sciences and the mental health research charity, MQ: Transforming Mental Health, in the first weeks of the pandemic in the UK in March, 2020. We urge UK research funding agencies to work with researchers, people with lived experience, and others to establish a high level coordination group to ensure that these research priorities are addressed, and to allow new ones to be identified over time. The need to maintain high-quality research standards is imperative. International collaboration and a global perspective will be beneficial. An immediate priority is collecting high-quality data on the mental health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic across the whole population and vulnerable groups, and on brain function, cognition, and mental health of patients with COVID-19. There is an urgent need for research to address how mental health consequences for vulnerable groups can be mitigated under pandemic conditions, and on the impact of repeated media consumption and health messaging around COVID-19. Discovery, evaluation, and refinement of mechanistically driven interventions to address the psychological, social, and neuroscientific aspects of the pandemic are required. Rising to this challenge will require integration across disciplines and sectors, and should be done together with people with lived experience. New funding will be required to meet these priorities, and it can be efficiently leveraged by the UK's world-leading infrastructure. This Position Paper provides a strategy that may be both adapted for, and integrated with, research efforts in other countries. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32304649/ doi: 10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30168-1 id: cord-018917-7px75s3c author: Hopkins, Richard S. title: Informatics in Disease Prevention and Epidemiology date: 2013-07-29 words: 7517.0 sentences: 337.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-018917-7px75s3c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-018917-7px75s3c.txt summary: This chapter provides a description of the components of disease prevention and control programs, and then focuses on information systems designed to support public health surveillance, epidemiologic investigation of cases and outbreaks, and case management. Public health surveillance systems may be based on data capture from a variety of sources, including case reports, population-based surveys, sentinel providers, electronic health records (including laboratory information management systems for ELR and emergency department records for syndromic surveillance), or administrative data (like hospital or physician claims for reimbursement). Information systems to support reportable disease surveillance contain records representing case reports that currently are, for the most part, entered manually into an application by public health staff, based on information received from doctors, infection control practitioners, hospitals, and laboratories. abstract: This chapter provides a description of the components of disease prevention and control programs, and then focuses on information systems designed to support public health surveillance, epidemiologic investigation of cases and outbreaks, and case management. For each such system, we describe sources used to acquire necessary data for use by public health agencies, and the technology used to clean, manage, organize, and display the information. We discuss challenges and successes in sharing information among these various systems, and opportunities presented by emerging technologies. Systems to support public health surveillance may support traditional passive case-reporting, as enhanced by electronic laboratory reporting and (emerging) direct reporting from electronic health records, and also a wide variety of different surveillance systems. We address syndromic surveillance and other novel approaches including registries for reporting and follow-up of cases of cancer, birth defects, lead poisoning, hepatitis B, etc., and population-based surveys (such as BRFSS or PRAMS). Systems to support epidemiologic investigation of outbreaks and clusters include generic tools such as Excel, SAS, SPSS, and R, and specialized tool-kits for epidemiologic analysis such as Epi-Info. In addition to supporting outbreak investigation, agencies also need systems to collect and manage summary information about outbreaks, investigations, and responses. Systems to support case management, contact tracing, and case-based disease control interventions are often integrated to some degree with surveillance systems. We focus on opportunities and choices in the design and implementation of these systems. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7123923/ doi: 10.1007/978-1-4471-4237-9_14 id: cord-268799-obeinwyq author: Horton, Richard title: Canada 2010: what should global health expect? date: 2009-09-24 words: 1346.0 sentences: 96.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268799-obeinwyq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268799-obeinwyq.txt summary: Prime Minister Stephen Harper has already signalled four priorities: the global economy, climate change, development, and democratic governance. Canada has many natural advantages to shape its international policyworld-class universities with global ambitions, a history of international policy infl uence (eg, the 1974 Lalonde report, which redrew the boundaries of health), frontrank scientists and intellectuals who have redefi ned what is possible in health, 7-9 and increasing overseas development assistance. The Lancet-UCL Commission on the health eff ects of climate change 13 argued that global warming is the biggest threat to health in the 21st century. Canada has been the leading nation bar none to develop the concept of peace dividends through policies on health. As the birthplace of evidence-based medicine, Canada''s health community should have a strong voice about the way health metrics are used to shape global health policies. Lancet-UCL Institute for Global Health Commission: managing the health eff ects of climate change abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673609616779 doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61677-9 id: cord-320344-z3l7dvyd author: Hotopf, Matthew title: The scope of mental health research during the COVID-19 pandemic and its aftermath date: 2020-06-04 words: 2008.0 sentences: 93.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320344-z3l7dvyd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320344-z3l7dvyd.txt summary: We have already seen evidence of the pandemic having particularly adverse outcomes for people from Black and minority ethnic groupsthese differential effects on mental and physical health need to be better understood. It is unknown whether or how these changes in our lives will affect mental health, and therefore research to monitor self-harm and suicide and the prevalence of mental and substance use disorders in the general population and populations at particular risk is vital. 5 In understanding long-term outcomes for people with severe COVID-19 illness, it will be necessary to resolve whether any effect on mental health arises from the possible neurotropic action of the virus, a more general impact of the ''cytokine storm'' that accompanies severe systemic infection, or the alarming experience of being mortally ill, as related to post-traumatic stress reactions. If research is to address the diverse challenges to mental health of the COVID-19 pandemic, several conditions need to be met. Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: a call for action for mental health science abstract: The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on population mental health are unknown. We need to understand the scale of any such impact in different sections of the population, who is most affected and how best to mitigate, prevent and treat any excess morbidity. We propose a coordinated and interdisciplinary mental health science response. url: https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2020.125 doi: 10.1192/bjp.2020.125 id: cord-321705-6a7avlro author: Hou, Tianya title: Social support and mental health among health care workers during Coronavirus Disease 2019 outbreak: A moderated mediation model date: 2020-05-29 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: PURPOSES: During the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) all over the world, the mental health conditions of health care workers are of great importance to ensure the efficiency of rescue operations. The current study examined the effect of social support on mental health of health care workers and its underlying mechanisms regarding the mediating role of resilience and moderating role of age during the epidemic. METHODS: Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), Connor-Davidson Resilience scale (CD-RISC) and Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) were administrated among 1472 health care workers from Jiangsu Province, China during the peak period of COVID-19 outbreak. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine the mediation effect of resilience on the relation between social support and mental health, whereas moderated mediation analysis was performed by Hayes PROCESS macro. RESULTS: The findings showed that resilience could partially mediate the effect of social support on mental health among health care workers. Age group moderated the indirect relationship between social support and mental health via resilience. Specifically, compared with younger health care workers, the association between resilience and mental health would be attenuated in the middle-aged workers. CONCLUSIONS: The results add knowledge to previous literature by uncovering the underlying mechanisms between social support and mental health. The present study has profound implications for mental health services for health care workers during the peak period of COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32470007/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233831 id: cord-010515-6klurh6a author: Houtrow, Amy title: Addressing Burnout: Symptom Management Versus Treating the Cause date: 2020-05-01 words: 1265.0 sentences: 86.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-010515-6klurh6a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-010515-6klurh6a.txt summary: What is the optimal way to address what appears to be a growing pattern of burnout among pediatric providers, subject to administrative and productivity burdens, while they care for pediatric patients, who themselves often have expensive and complex, multi-system diseases? To treat the disease effectively, we should recognize that burnout in health care has an important cause: moral injury. 11 The implication is that health care providers who experience burnout (over half of us) are not mindful enough or not resilient enough. 9 Although mindfulness practices, relaxation techniques, exercise, and the like will still have a role in the management of burnout, what we really need is collective action to promote clinician well-being that helps health care providers carry out their lives'' work--to provide the best possible care to the patients and communities whom we serve. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7194062/ doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.04.068 id: cord-290257-2u228xe9 author: Hsu, Chih-Cheng title: Confidence in controlling a SARS outbreak: Experiences of public health nurses in managing home quarantine measures in Taiwan date: 2006-05-05 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: Taiwan experienced one of the most serious outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) during the 2003 epidemic. Public health nurses faced unprecedented challenges in implementing an extensive quarantine policy to prevent disease spread. Their professional confidence, however, was shattered during the SARS crisis. This paper assesses factors related to public health nurses' confidence in managing community SARS control programs. METHODS: In May 2003, we sent structured questionnaires to all 361 health centers in Taiwan and asked the public health nurses responsible for epidemic control to complete. A total of 312 completed surveys were returned for a response rate of 86.4%. Descriptive methods and logistic regression were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Most public health nurses (71.9%) expressed a general lack of confidence in handling the SARS epidemic. Confidence was significantly associated with perceived epidemic severity (OR, 0.58; 95% CI: 0.35-0.99), daily epidemic updates (OR, 2.26; 95% CI: 1.28-3.98), and number of cases in the community (OR, 2.21; 95% CI: 1.13-4.31). CONCLUSION: Nurses' individual risk perception and prompt update of epidemic information significantly affect levels of professional confidence, a key factor influencing quarantine implementation success. Strategies to promote productive interagency collaboration and advocate participatory policy making involving health workers at all levels are needed to control effectively infectious disease outbreaks. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196655306000794 doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2005.11.008 id: cord-303860-jpy373ph author: Huang, Zhifeng title: Occupational Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in Burns Treatment During the COVID-19 Epidemic: Specific Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol date: 2020-04-23 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Epidemic prevention and control measures for the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has achieved significant results. As of 8 April 2020, 22,073 infection cases of COVID-19 among healthcare workers from 52 countries had been reported to WHO. COVID-19 has strong infectivity, high transmission speeds, and causes serious infection among healthcare worker. Burns are an acute-care condition, and burn treatment needs to be initiated before COVID-19 infection status can be excluded. The key step to infection prevention is to identify risk points of infection exposure, strengthen the protection against those risk points, and formulate an appropriate diagnosis and treatment protocol. Following an in-depth study of the latest literature on COVID-19 diagnosis and treatment, we reviewed the protocols surrounding hospitalization of patients with extensive burns (area≥50%) in our hospital from February 2009 to February 2019 and, in accordance with the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19, developed an algorithm for protection during diagnosis and treatment of burns. Therefore, the aspects of medical protection and the diagnosis and treatment of burns appear to be particularly important during the prevention and control of the COVID-19. This algorithm was followed for 4 patients who received emergency treatment in February 2020 and were hospitalized. All healthcare worker were protected according to the three-tiered protective measures, and there was no nosocomial infection. During the COVID-19 epidemic, the early stages of emergency treatment for patients with extensive burns requiring the establishment of venous access for rehydration, endotracheal intubation or tracheostomy, wound treatment, and surgery are the risk points for exposure to infection. The implementation of effective, appropriate-grade protection and formulation of practical treatment protocols can increase protection of healthcare worke and reduce the risk of COVID-19 infection exposure. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0753332220303681 doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110176 id: cord-315991-uecdbanf author: Hughes, David title: The Australian Institute of Sport Framework for Rebooting Sport in a COVID-19 Environment date: 2020-05-06 words: 10311.0 sentences: 750.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315991-uecdbanf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315991-uecdbanf.txt summary: National Principles for Resumption of Sport were used as a guide in the development of ''the AIS Framework for Rebooting Sport in a COVID-19 Environment'' (the AIS Framework); and based on current best evidence, and guidelines from the Australian Federal Government, extrapolated into the sporting context by specialists in sport and exercise medicine, infectious diseases and public health. The Australian Governor-General declared a ''human biosecurity emergency period'' on 18 March 2020 190 in response to the risks posed by This empowered the Australian Government to make 191 a series of decisions including prohibition of cruise ships, travel bans (domestic and international), 192 limiting gatherings to two persons (with exceptions for people of the same household and other select 193 groups), and closing a range of indoor and outdoor public facilities. The detection of a positive COVID-19 case in a sporting or recreation club or organisation will result in a standard public health response, which could include quarantine of a whole team or large group, and close contacts, for the required period. abstract: Abstract Sport makes an important contribution to the physical, psychological and emotional well-being of Australians. The economic contribution of sport is equivalent to 2–3% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The COVID-19 pandemic has had devastating effects on communities globally, leading to significant restrictions on all sectors of society, including sport. Resumption of sport can significantly contribute to the re-establishment of normality in Australian society. The Australian Institute of Sport (AIS), in consultation with sport partners (National Institute Network (NIN) Directors, NIN Chief Medical Officers (CMOs), National Sporting Organisation (NSO) Presidents, NSO Performance Directors and NSO CMOs), has developed a framework to inform the resumption of sport. National Principles for Resumption of Sport were used as a guide in the development of ‘the AIS Framework for Rebooting Sport in a COVID-19 Environment’ (the AIS Framework); and based on current best evidence, and guidelines from the Australian Federal Government, extrapolated into the sporting context by specialists in sport and exercise medicine, infectious diseases and public health. The principles outlined in this document apply to high performance/professional, community and individual passive (non-contact) sport. The AIS Framework is a timely tool of minimum baseline of standards, for ‘how’ reintroduction of sport activity will occur in a cautious and methodical manner, based on the best available evidence to optimise athlete and community safety. Decisions regarding the timing of resumption (the ‘when’ ) of sporting activity must be made in close consultation with Federal, State/Territory and Local Public Health Authorities. The priority at all times must be to preserve public health, minimising the risk of community transmission. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1440244020305272?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2020.05.004 id: cord-007713-611sp7uo author: Hughes, J. M. title: Emerging infectious diseases: the public’s view of the problem and what should be expected from the public health community date: 2005 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7121075/ doi: 10.1007/3-211-29981-5_17 id: cord-303197-hpbh4o77 author: Humboldt-Dachroeden, Sarah title: The state of one health research across disciplines and sectors – a bibliometric analysis date: 2020-06-06 words: 2105.0 sentences: 119.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303197-hpbh4o77.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303197-hpbh4o77.txt summary: There is a growing interest in One Health, reflected by the rising number of publications relating to One Health literature, but also through zoonotic disease outbreaks becoming more frequent, such as Ebola, Zika virus and COVID-19. This paper uses bibliometric analysis to explore the state of One Health in academic literature, to visualise the characteristics and trends within the field through a network analysis of citation patterns and bibliographic links. This paper uses bibliometric analysis to explore the state of One Health in academic literature, to visualise between the disciplines of human medicine, veterinary medicine and environment still persist -even in the face of the One Health approach. Four clusters of authors emerged in the network (green: zoonoses and epidemiology; blue: biodiversity and ecohealth; purple: animal health, public health; red: policy-related disciplines). abstract: There is a growing interest in One Health, reflected by the rising number of publications relating to One Health literature, but also through zoonotic disease outbreaks becoming more frequent, such as Ebola, Zika virus and COVID-19. This paper uses bibliometric analysis to explore the state of One Health in academic literature, to visualise the characteristics and trends within the field through a network analysis of citation patterns and bibliographic links. The analysis focuses on publication trends, co-citation network of scientific journals, co-citation network of authors, and co-occurrence of keywords. The bibliometric analysis showed an increasing interest for One Health in academic research. However, it revealed some thematic and disciplinary shortcomings, in particular with respect to the inclusion of environmental themes and social science insights pertaining to the implementation of One Health policies. The analysis indicated that there is a need for more applicable approaches to strengthen intersectoral collaboration and knowledge sharing. Silos between the disciplines of human medicine, veterinary medicine and environment still persist. Engaging researchers with different expertise and disciplinary backgrounds will facilitate a more comprehensive perspective where the human-animal-environment interface is not researched as separate entities but as a coherent whole. Further, journals dedicated to One Health or interdisciplinary research provide scholars the possibility to publish multifaceted research. These journals are uniquely positioned to bridge between fields, strengthen interdisciplinary research and create room for social science approaches alongside of medical and natural sciences. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2352771420301087 doi: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2020.100146 id: cord-012040-24112w2j author: Hung, Yuen W title: Impact of a free care policy on the utilisation of health services during an Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo: an interrupted time-series analysis date: 2020-07-27 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: During past outbreaks of Ebola virus disease (EVD) and other infectious diseases, health service utilisation declined among the general public, delaying health seeking behaviour and affecting population health. From May to July 2018, the Democratic Republic of Congo experienced an outbreak of EVD in Equateur province. The Ministry of Public Health introduced a free care policy (FCP) in both affected and neighbouring health zones. We evaluated the impact of this policy on health service utilisation. METHODS: Using monthly data from the national Health Management Information System from January 2017 to January 2019, we examined rates of the use of nine health services at primary health facilities: total visits; first and fourth antenatal care visits; institutional deliveries; postnatal care visits; diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus (DTP) vaccinations and visits for uncomplicated malaria, pneumonia and diarrhoea. We used controlled interrupted time series analysis with a mixed effects model to estimate changes in the rates of services use during the policy (June–September 2018) and afterwards. FINDINGS: Overall, use of most services increased compared to control health zones, including EVD affected areas. Total visits and visits for pneumonia and diarrhoea initially increased more than two-fold relative to the control areas (p<0.001), while institutional deliveries and first antenatal care increased between 20% and 50% (p<0.01). Visits for DTP, fourth antenatal care visits and postnatal care visits were not significantly affected. During the FCP period, visit rates followed a downward trend. Most increases did not persist after the policy ended. INTERPRETATION: The FCP was effective at rapidly increasing the use of some health services both EVD affected and not affected health zones, but this effect was not sustained post FCP. Such policies may mitigate the adverse impact of infectious disease outbreaks on population health. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7389747/ doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2019-002119 id: cord-327592-8tqi958n author: Hunter, Anita title: Global health diplomacy: An integrative review of the literature and implications for nursing date: 2012-09-19 words: 4904.0 sentences: 194.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327592-8tqi958n.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327592-8tqi958n.txt summary: The purpose of this article is to present an integrative review of literature on the concept of global health diplomacy and to identify implications of this emerging field for nursing education, practice, and research. Novotny and Adams (Novotny & Adams, 2007 ) defined global health diplomacy as "a political change activity that meets the dual goals of improving global health while maintaining and strengthening international relations abroad, particularly in conflict areas and resource-poor environments [and that] health diplomacy is not only the job of diplomats or health leaders in government structures, it is a professional practice that should inform any group or individual with responsibility to conduct research, service, programs, or direct international health assistance between donor and recipient institutions" (p. abstract: The increasing interconnectedness of the world and the factors that affect health lay the foundation for the evolving practice of global health diplomacy. There has been limited discussion in the nursing literature about the concept of global health diplomacy or the role of nurses in such initiatives. A discussion of this concept is presented here by the members of a Task Force on Global Health Diplomacy of the American Academy of Nursing Expert Panel on Global Nursing and Health (AAN EPGNH). The purpose of this article is to present an integrative review of literature on the concept of global health diplomacy and to identify implications of this emerging field for nursing education, practice, and research. The steps proposed by Whittemore and Knafl (2005) were adapted and applied to the integrative review of theoretical and descriptive articles about the concept of global health diplomacy. This review included an analysis of the historical background, definition, and challenges of global health diplomacy and suggestions about the preparation of global health diplomats. The article concludes with a discussion of implications for nursing practice, education, and research. The Task Force endorses the definition of global health diplomacy proposed by Adams, Novotny, and Leslie (2008) but recommends that further dialogue and research is necessary to identify opportunities and educational requirements for nurses to contribute to the emerging field of global health diplomacy. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22999856/ doi: 10.1016/j.outlook.2012.07.013 id: cord-344491-93ggxzxu author: Husebo, Bettina Sandgathe title: LIVE@Home.Path—innovating the clinical pathway for home-dwelling people with dementia and their caregivers: study protocol for a mixed-method, stepped-wedge, randomized controlled trial date: 2020-06-09 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: The global health challenge of dementia is exceptional in size, cost and impact. It is the only top ten cause of death that cannot be prevented, cured or substantially slowed, leaving disease management, caregiver support and service innovation as the main targets for reduction of disease burden. Institutionalization of persons with dementia is common in western countries, despite patients preferring to live longer at home, supported by caregivers. Such complex health challenges warrant multicomponent interventions thoroughly implemented in daily clinical practice. This article describes the rationale, development, feasibility testing and implementation process of the LIVE@Home.Path trial. METHODS: The LIVE@Home.Path trial is a 2-year, multicenter, mixed-method, stepped-wedge randomized controlled trial, aiming to include 315 dyads of home-dwelling people with dementia and their caregivers, recruited from 3 municipalities in Norway. The stepped-wedge randomization implies that all dyads receive the intervention, but the timing is determined by randomization. The control group constitutes the dyads waiting for the intervention. The multicomponent intervention was developed in collaboration with user-representatives, researchers and stakeholders to meet the requirements from the national Dementia Plan 2020. During the 6-month intervention period, the participants will be allocated to a municipal coordinator, the core feature of the intervention, responsible for regular contact with the dyads to facilitate L: Learning, I: Innovation, V: Volunteering and E: Empowerment (LIVE). The primary outcome is resource utilization. This is measured by the Resource Utilization in Dementia (RUD) instrument and the Relative Stress Scale (RSS), reflecting that resource utilization is more than the actual time required for caring but also how burdensome the task is experienced by the caregiver. DISCUSSION: We expect the implementation of LIVE to lead to a pathway for dementia treatment and care which is cost-effective, compared to treatment as usual, and will support high-quality independent living, at home. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04043364. Registered on 15 March 2019. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-020-04414-y doi: 10.1186/s13063-020-04414-y id: cord-284895-176djnf5 author: Huynen, Maud MTE title: The health impacts of globalisation: a conceptual framework date: 2005-08-03 words: 6085.0 sentences: 341.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284895-176djnf5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284895-176djnf5.txt summary: The resulting conceptual model explicitly visualises that globalisation affects the institutional, economic, social-cultural and ecological determinants of population health, and that the globalisation process mainly operates at the contextual level, while influencing health through its more distal and proximal determinants. In order to focus our conceptual framework, we distinguish-with the broader definition of globalisation in mind-the following important features of the globalisation process: (the need for) new global governance structures, global markets, global communication and diffusion of information, global mobility, cross-cultural interaction, and global environmental changes (Table 2 ) (see Huynen et al. Based on Figure 1 and Table 1 , it can be concluded that these features all operate at the contextual level of health determination and influence distal factors such as health(-related) policies, economic development, trade, social interactions, knowledge, and the provision of ecosystem goods and services. abstract: This paper describes a conceptual framework for the health implications of globalisation. The framework is developed by first identifying the main determinants of population health and the main features of the globalisation process. The resulting conceptual model explicitly visualises that globalisation affects the institutional, economic, social-cultural and ecological determinants of population health, and that the globalisation process mainly operates at the contextual level, while influencing health through its more distal and proximal determinants. The developed framework provides valuable insights in how to organise the complexity involved in studying the health effects resulting from globalisation. It could, therefore, give a meaningful contribution to further empirical research by serving as a 'think-model' and provides a basis for the development of future scenarios on health. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16078989/ doi: 10.1186/1744-8603-1-14 id: cord-016075-ind62t53 author: Hwang, Stephen W. title: Homeless People date: 2005 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7120238/ doi: 10.1007/0-387-25822-1_2 id: cord-102296-0zzy8fjf author: Hyde, E. title: Estimating the local spatio-temporal distribution of disease from routine health information systems: the case of malaria in rural Madagascar date: 2020-08-18 words: 8761.0 sentences: 416.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-102296-0zzy8fjf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-102296-0zzy8fjf.txt summary: The goal of this study was to estimate the unobserved burden of malaria missed by routine passive surveillance in a rural district of Madagascar to produce realistic incidence estimates across space and time, less sensitive to heterogeneous health care access. Passive surveillance is especially unsuited to estimate local malaria burdens for remote populations in rural areas, as health centers are sparsely distributed and health care utilization tends to decrease exponentially as distance to a health facility increases [19] [20] [21] [22] . Thus, innovations are needed to improve the use of passive surveillance data in high transmission areas in order to increase the ability of local control programs to track disease dynamics within a health district, efficiently deploy resources, and target interventions to high-risk populations. Using the example of malaria in a poor rural district of Madagascar, we show that adjusted incidence estimates were less biased by differences in financial and geographic access to health care between populations. abstract: Background: Reliable surveillance systems are essential for identifying disease outbreaks and allocating resources to ensure universal access to diagnostics and treatment for endemic diseases. Yet, most countries with high disease burdens rely entirely on facility-based passive surveillance systems, which miss the vast majority of cases in rural settings with low access to health care. This is especially true for malaria, for which the World Health Organization estimates that routine surveillance detects only 14% of global cases. The goal of this study was to estimate the unobserved burden of malaria missed by routine passive surveillance in a rural district of Madagascar to produce realistic incidence estimates across space and time, less sensitive to heterogeneous health care access. Methods: We use a geographically explicit dataset of the 73,022 malaria cases confirmed at health centers in the Ifanadiana District in Madagascar from 2014 to 2017. Malaria incidence was adjusted to account for underreporting due to stock-outs of rapid diagnostic tests and variable access to healthcare. A benchmark multiplier was combined with a health care utilization index obtained from statistical models of non-malaria patients. Variations to the multiplier and several strategies for pooling neighboring communities together were explored to allow for fine-tuning of the final estimates. Separate analyses were carried out for individuals of all ages and for children under five. Cross-validation criteria were developed based on overall incidence, trends in financial and geographical access to health care, and consistency with geographic distribution in a district-representative cohort. The most plausible sets of estimates were then identified based on these criteria. Results: Passive surveillance was estimated to have missed about 4 in every 5 malaria cases among all individuals and 2 out of every 3 cases among children under five. Adjusted malaria estimates were less biased by differences in populations' financial and geographic access to care. Average adjusted monthly malaria incidence was nearly four times higher during the high transmission season than during the low transmission season. Geographic distribution in the adjusted dataset revealed high transmission clusters in low elevation areas in the northeast and southeast of the district that were stable across seasons and transmission years. Conclusions: Understanding local disease dynamics from routine passive surveillance data can be a key step towards achieving universal access to diagnostics and treatment. Methods presented here could be scaled-up thanks to the increasing availability of e-health disease surveillance platforms for malaria and other diseases across the developing world. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.17.20151282v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.08.17.20151282 id: cord-327494-7a3szj8x author: Ibrahim, Mohamed Izham Mohamed title: Chapter 18 Assessment of Medication Dispensing and Extended Community Pharmacy Services date: 2018-12-31 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Abstract Individuals who visit community pharmacies are regarded as customers rather than patients. The public tends to view community pharmacists as businesspeople. Several factors influence individuals' willingness to patronize and to continue visiting such pharmacies. On the supply side, community pharmacists' responsibilities and duties center on the health and well-being of society. In this chapter, an assessment of community pharmacy practices in developing countries is particularly interesting in terms of medication dispensing and extended pharmacy services that promote public wellness. Community pharmacists in developing countries, who are supposedly strategically positioned in the community to provide public health, are not taking advantage on this opportunity. Although several studies have noted the services provided by community pharmacists, in general, the practice is far from meeting expectations due to several barriers. Pharmacists need to realize their opportunities and potential for success as both professionals and businesspeople. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/B9780128112281000182 doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-811228-1.00018-2 id: cord-355726-44x0idzn author: Ibrahim, Mohamed Izham Mohamed title: Introduction: Discovering Issues and Challenges in Low- and Middle-Income Countries date: 2017-11-10 words: 4978.0 sentences: 258.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355726-44x0idzn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355726-44x0idzn.txt summary: This book also provides knowledge and understanding about social and administrative aspects of pharmacy in healthcare in lowand middle-income countries. On the other hand, there are growing problems with medicines, the health system, and human resources, especially in the LMICs. There are countries with high prices of medicines, a wide prevalence of nonquality medicines (i.e., substandard and counterfeit), lack of access to medicines, and absence of a national medicines policy (NMP) even with strong encouragement from World Health Organization (WHO). Further according to Frieden and Henning (2009) , a progress of public health in developing countries is possible but will require sufficient funding and human resources; improved physical infrastructure and information systems; effective program implementation and regulatory capacity; and, most importantly, political will at the highest levels of government. Social pharmacy scientists utilize both sciences to improve clinical practice, enhance the effectiveness of pharmaceutical regulations and policy, advocate political awareness, and promote improvements in pharmaceutical health services and healthcare delivery. abstract: There are gaps and challenges in pharmacy practice in developing countries and possible solutions for various pharmacy stakeholders. Health and public health are essentials for development. The weak global economy has hindered progress toward the sustainable development goals. Many people are still living in poverty with poor health status and inadequate healthcare. Poor health and pharmaceutical sectors in a country will increase the vulnerability of the country and leaves the society at risk. Effective public health interventions can save hundreds of millions of lives. Pharmacy system is one of the core components in a healthcare system, and pharmacists play a very important role. This book sheds light on various topics that individually and in combination determine the status of pharmacy practice in individual countries. This book incorporates multiple data sources and when outliers are discovered, that may be called to the attention of the reader. This book also provides knowledge and understanding about social and administrative aspects of pharmacy in healthcare in low- and middle-income countries. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/B9780128112281000017 doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-811228-1.00001-7 id: cord-030886-yirpxgqi author: Ibáñez-Vizoso, Jesús E. title: International Mental Health perspectives on the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 pandemic() date: 2020-08-26 words: 1549.0 sentences: 101.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-030886-yirpxgqi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-030886-yirpxgqi.txt summary: Several studies have described an important psychological impact of these epidemics on the general population, patients, and health workers, proposing different measures to guarantee Mental Health and prevent the progression of psychopathology in these circumstances. 9 During the 2003 SARS epidemic, the affected patients in a Toronto hospital experienced fear, loneliness, anger, the psychological effects resulting from symptoms of infection and concern about quarantine and contagion. 1 These epidemics, caused by other coronaviruses, may offer clues about the possible effects on Mental Health of COVID-19 in the general population, among patients and among health workers. Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China The mental health of medical workers in Wuhan China dealing with the 2019 novel coronavirus Mental health care measures in response to the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in Korea abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7448814/ doi: 10.1016/j.rpsmen.2020.04.001 id: cord-035163-tqh5wv12 author: Ijaz, M. Khalid title: Combating SARS-CoV-2: leveraging microbicidal experiences with other emerging/re-emerging viruses date: 2020-09-08 words: 6841.0 sentences: 345.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-035163-tqh5wv12.txt txt: ./txt/cord-035163-tqh5wv12.txt summary: In the present review, we suggest that approaches for infection prevention and control (IPAC) for SARS-CoV-2 and future emerging/re-emerging viruses can be invoked based on pre-existing data on microbicidal and hygiene effectiveness for related and unrelated enveloped viruses. These therefore included coronaviruses, Lassa virus, SFTSV, Hantaan virus, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, Ebola virus, influenza H5N1, Nipah virus, EV-D68, particle size, reservoir species, tissue tropism, mode of transmission, transmissibility, virus shedding, minimal infectious dose, infectious dose 50 , mortality, survival on surfaces, persistence on surfaces, stability on surfaces, survival in aerosols, persistence in aerosols, stability in aerosols, microbicidal efficacy, virucidal efficacy, disinfectant efficacy, antiseptic efficacy, emerging/re-emerging enveloped viruses, UVC susceptibility, zoonoses, and personal hygiene for SARS-CoV-2. As mentioned in Table 2 , the most common modes of transmission for the emerging/ re-emerging viruses discussed in this review are contact with infected bodily secretions/ excretions and contaminated fomites, especially high-touch environmental surfaces (HITES), and inhalation of respiratory droplets/aerosols containing infectious virus (Fig. 1) . abstract: The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan City, China, late in December 2019 is an example of an emerging zoonotic virus that threatens public health and international travel and commerce. When such a virus emerges, there is often insufficient specific information available on mechanisms of virus dissemination from animal-to-human or from person-to-person, on the level or route of infection transmissibility or of viral release in body secretions/excretions, and on the survival of virus in aerosols or on surfaces. The effectiveness of available virucidal agents and hygiene practices as interventions for disrupting the spread of infection and the associated diseases may not be clear for the emerging virus. In the present review, we suggest that approaches for infection prevention and control (IPAC) for SARS-CoV-2 and future emerging/re-emerging viruses can be invoked based on pre-existing data on microbicidal and hygiene effectiveness for related and unrelated enveloped viruses. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7485481/ doi: 10.7717/peerj.9914 id: cord-292664-sfbji4mf author: Ilenghoven, Devananthan title: Restructuring Burns Management during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Malaysian Experience date: 2020-05-19 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0305417920303612 doi: 10.1016/j.burns.2020.05.008 id: cord-010924-ocpehls4 author: Im, Hyojin title: Capacity Building for Refugee Mental Health in Resettlement: Implementation and Evaluation of Cross-Cultural Trauma-Informed Care Training date: 2020-02-22 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Refugee mental health needs are heightened during resettlement but are often neglected due to challenges in service provision, including lack of opportunities for building capacity and partnership among providers. We developed and implemented culturally-responsive refugee mental health training, called Cross-Cultural Trauma-Informed Care (CC-TIC) training. We evaluated CC-TIC, using a free listing and semi-structured retrospective pre- and post-training evaluation with five localities in two states in the U.S. The results showed significant improvement in providers’ knowledge of trauma impacts, cultural expressions of trauma/stress-related symptoms, and culturally-responsive trauma-informed care. Trauma-informed care specific to refugee resettlement was regarded as the most helpful topic and community partnership building as the most requested area for future training. This study emphasizes that culturally-responsive trauma-informed approaches can help bridge gaps between mental health care and resettlement services and promote exchanges of knowledge and expertise to build collaborative care and community partnership. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7223069/ doi: 10.1007/s10903-020-00992-w id: cord-262613-abvtl0ov author: Imtiyaz, Bushra S title: Telemedical education during national emergencies: learning from Kashmir date: 2020-06-30 words: 1370.0 sentences: 84.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262613-abvtl0ov.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262613-abvtl0ov.txt summary: Innovative pedagogical approaches are required to fill gaps in medical education, especially during global health emergencies such as COVID-19. E-learning has been recognised by the World Health Organization (WHO) as an important means of addressing health workers'' educational needs, especially in LMICs. 1 Remotely delivered psychiatry education is particularly necessary for the many regions where the provision of mental health care is sparse. Internet access in Kashmir remains restricted to low-speed 2G services, impacting the general population and health care professionals'' ability to keep up to date with clinical guidelines and research developments. Similarly, telecommunication companies in Croatia are providing free internet access to Innovative pedagogical approaches are required to fill gaps in medical education, especially during global health emergencies such as COVID-19 • We piloted a global mental health e-learning partnership between volunteer medical students in Kashmir and the UK in 2015. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32602614/ doi: 10.1111/tct.13204 id: cord-300229-9qh7efs4 author: Inchausti, Felix title: Psychological Intervention and COVID-19: What We Know So Far and What We Can Do date: 2020-05-27 words: 5192.0 sentences: 242.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300229-9qh7efs4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300229-9qh7efs4.txt summary: The coronavirus COVID-19 and the global pandemic has already had a substantial disruptive impact on society, posing major challenges to the provision of mental health services in a time of crisis, and carrying the spectre of an increased burden to mental health, both in terms of existing psychiatric disorder, and emerging psychological distress from the pandemic. These are (i) healthcare workers engaged in frontline response to the pandemic and their patients; (ii) individuals who will experience the emergence of new mental health distress as a function of being diagnosed with COVID-19, or losing family and loved ones to the illness, or the psychological effects of prolonged social distancing; and (iii) individuals with existing mental health conditions who are either diagnosed with COVID-19 or whose experience of social distancing exacerbates existing vulnerabilities. abstract: The coronavirus COVID-19 and the global pandemic has already had a substantial disruptive impact on society, posing major challenges to the provision of mental health services in a time of crisis, and carrying the spectre of an increased burden to mental health, both in terms of existing psychiatric disorder, and emerging psychological distress from the pandemic. In this paper we provide a framework for understanding the key challenges for psychologically informed mental health care during and beyond the pandemic. We identify three groups that can benefit from psychological approaches to mental health, and/or interventions relating to COVID-19. These are (i) healthcare workers engaged in frontline response to the pandemic and their patients; (ii) individuals who will experience the emergence of new mental health distress as a function of being diagnosed with COVID-19, or losing family and loved ones to the illness, or the psychological effects of prolonged social distancing; and (iii) individuals with existing mental health conditions who are either diagnosed with COVID-19 or whose experience of social distancing exacerbates existing vulnerabilities. Drawing on existing literature and our own experience of adapting treatments to the crisis we suggest a number of salient points to consider in identifying risks and offering support to all three groups. We also offer a number of practical and technical considerations for working psychotherapeutically with existing patients where COVID-19 restrictions have forced a move to online or technologically mediated delivery of psychological interventions. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10879-020-09460-w doi: 10.1007/s10879-020-09460-w id: cord-027552-6ne9yrc5 author: Ingoglia, Chuck title: Our Voice and Our Vote Are More Important Than Ever Before date: 2020-06-22 words: 722.0 sentences: 43.0 pages: flesch: 66.0 cache: ./cache/cord-027552-6ne9yrc5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-027552-6ne9yrc5.txt summary: We must speak up and elect leaders we can depend on, taking decisive action to protect the needs of those living with mental and addictive disorders. Whatever format, we must exercise our right to vote while prioritizing the needs of the behavioral health community and those we serve. Community mental health and addiction treatment centers are community hubs, places people go to get help. We know that early interventions are imperative and a number of the articles in this issue concentrate on youth, focusing on ways pediatric behavioral health services might intervene to reduce non-urgent emergency departments visits (in the Keefe et al. 3 Additionally, we focus on the importance of diversity by highlighting the nature of mental health needs among an emerging Latino community with limited health care information (in the Bucay-Harari et al. Mental health needs of an emerging Latino community Reducing the treatment gap for LGBT mental health needs: The potential of telepsychiatry abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7307938/ doi: 10.1007/s11414-020-09716-2 id: cord-330512-nu8q72l9 author: Iskander, John title: Pandemic Influenza Planning, United States, 1978–2008 date: 2013-06-17 words: 4154.0 sentences: 205.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330512-nu8q72l9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330512-nu8q72l9.txt summary: After the emergence of a novel influenza virus of swine origin in 1976, national, state, and local US public health authorities began planning efforts to respond to future pandemics. Several events have since stimulated progress in public health emergency planning: the 1997 avian influenza A(H5N1) outbreak in Hong Kong, China; the 2001 anthrax attacks in the United States; the 2003 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome; and the 2003 reemergence of influenza A(H5N1) virus infection in humans. An influential policy review of the "swine flu affair" (i.e., the campaign to immunize the US population against a possible epidemic) identified several critical needs for future planning: 1) a more cautious approach to interpreting limited data and communicating risk to the public, 2) greater investment in research and preparedness, 3) clearer operational responsibilities within the federal government, 4) clear communication between planners at all levels of government, 5) strengthened local capacity for plan implementation, and 6) improved mechanisms for program evaluation (8) . abstract: During the past century, 4 influenza pandemics occurred. After the emergence of a novel influenza virus of swine origin in 1976, national, state, and local US public health authorities began planning efforts to respond to future pandemics. Several events have since stimulated progress in public health emergency planning: the 1997 avian influenza A(H5N1) outbreak in Hong Kong, China; the 2001 anthrax attacks in the United States; the 2003 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome; and the 2003 reemergence of influenza A(H5N1) virus infection in humans. We outline the evolution of US pandemic planning since the late 1970s, summarize planning accomplishments, and explain their ongoing importance. The public health community’s response to the 2009 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 pandemic demonstrated the value of planning and provided insights into improving future plans and response efforts. Preparedness planning will enhance the collective, multilevel response to future public health crises. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23731839/ doi: 10.3201/eid1906.121478 id: cord-328115-tjxt88vd author: Jackson-Morris, Angela title: Tailored support for national NCD policy and programme implementation: an over-looked priority date: 2020-08-25 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Many low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) are unlikely to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.4 to reduce premature deaths from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) by one-third by 2030. For some, the prospect is receding: between 2010 and 2020, the decline in premature deaths for the major NCDs slowed compared with the prior decade. Barriers to implementing effective strategies are well known, yet the value of tailored technical support to countries has been overlooked and downplayed. Tailored technical support is specialist guidance for country-specific application of technical tools, and capacity enhancement when needed, that enables an LMIC to advance its NCD priorities and plans. We present a model identifying pivotal junctures where tailored technical support can help surmount implementation obstacles. We draw on our experience preparing NCD investment cases with health ministries, development partners and technical agencies. National investment cases produce evidence based, locally tailored and costed packages of NCD interventions and policies appropriate to national needs and circumstances. They can include analysis of financing needs and point towards sustainable funding mechanisms. Enhancing the NCD-specific knowledge of government and Civil Society Organization leads can capitalise on existing expertise, aid integrative health system developments and unlock capabilities to use global tools and guidance. Investment cases form a platform to develop or review NCD plans and (re)prioritise action, then apply implementation science to trouble-shoot obstacles. Partnering national stakeholders with technical support in this process is critical to develop and implement effective NCD strategies. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002598 doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002598 id: cord-267299-z7ondg3r author: Jacobsen, Kathryn H. title: Curricular Models and Learning Objectives for Undergraduate Minors in Global Health date: 2020-08-19 words: 5161.0 sentences: 189.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267299-z7ondg3r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267299-z7ondg3r.txt summary: OBJECTIVE: To identify all undergraduate minors in global health being offered in the United States during the 2019–20 academic year, categorize the curricula being used by secondary programs of study, evaluate the content of required foundational courses, and examine the types of experiential learning opportunities that are offered. Based on the categories and themes we identified in our analysis of the current content of introductory courses required by existing global health minors in 2019-20, our review of existing educational frameworks related to global health [11, 12, 15] , and expert feedback from CUGH members, we generated a preliminary list of recommended student learning objectives for an introductory global health course. This analysis provides a snapshot in time of the institutions of higher education in the Untied States that were offering global health minors during the 2019-20 academic year along with the content they included in their introductory courses, the curricular models they were using for the remaining courses in the minor, and the types of applied learning experiences they required. abstract: BACKGROUND: A growing number of institutions of higher education offer undergraduate educational programs in global health. OBJECTIVE: To identify all undergraduate minors in global health being offered in the United States during the 2019–20 academic year, categorize the curricula being used by secondary programs of study, evaluate the content of required foundational courses, and examine the types of experiential learning opportunities that are offered. METHODS: A working group of the Consortium of Universities for Global Health (CUGH) conducted a systematic review of the websites of all accredited 4-year colleges and universities, identifying 84 institutions offering general global health minors. FINDINGS: A typical global health minor consists of one introduction to global health course, one epidemiology or health research methods course, several additional required or selective courses, and one applied learning experience. Within this general structure, five curricular models are currently being used for global health minors: (1) intensive minors composed of specialty global health courses, (2) global public health minors built on a core set of public health courses, (3) multidisciplinary minors requiring courses in the sciences and social sciences, (4) anthropology centric minors, and (5) flexible minors. CONCLUSIONS: CUGH recommends ten undergraduate student learning objectives in global health that encompass the history and functions of global health; globalization and health; social determinants of health; environmental health; health and human rights; comparative health systems; global health agencies and organizations; the global burden of disease; global health interventions; and interdisciplinary and interprofessional perspectives. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32874933/ doi: 10.5334/aogh.2963 id: cord-300030-s4i0mdqe author: Jaguga, Florence title: Mental health response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya: a review date: 2020-08-18 words: 3474.0 sentences: 187.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300030-s4i0mdqe.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300030-s4i0mdqe.txt summary: CONCLUSION: We propose four key strategies for strengthening the mental health response in order to mitigate the harmful impact of COVID-19 on public mental health in Kenya: (1) preparation of a formal mental health response plan specific to the COVID-19 pandemic with allocation of funding for the response (2) training of community health workers and community health volunteers on psychological first aid to enable access to support for those in need during the pandemic (3) scaling up of mobile health to increase access to care (4) conducting systematic and continuous text message surveys on the mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in order to inform decision-making. According to the framework, ''preparation and co-ordination'' involves developing a mental health response plan, creating COVID-19 specific mental health services and training of healthcare workers on psychological first aid. abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has exerted considerable impact on public mental health globally. With the pandemic rapidly rising in sub-Saharan Africa including Kenya, there is need to provide evidence to guide the mental health response in the region. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this review is (1) to describe the mental health response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya, guided by the Mental Health Preparedness and Action Framework (2) to offer context specific recommendations for improvement of the mental health response in Kenya. Such information could be useful in decision-making in Kenya as well as in the greater sub-Saharan Africa region. METHODS: This narrative review is based on information obtained from official government documents released from 13th March 2020, the beginning of the pandemic in Kenya, up to 31st July 2020. DISCUSSION: The COVID-19 response in Kenya has no formal mental health response plan. There is an unmet need for psychological first aid in the community. While guidelines for the management of mental health conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic have been prepared, implementation remains a major challenge due to a poorly resourced mental health system. There is no mental health surveillance system in place limiting ability to design evidence-based interventions. CONCLUSION: We propose four key strategies for strengthening the mental health response in order to mitigate the harmful impact of COVID-19 on public mental health in Kenya: (1) preparation of a formal mental health response plan specific to the COVID-19 pandemic with allocation of funding for the response (2) training of community health workers and community health volunteers on psychological first aid to enable access to support for those in need during the pandemic (3) scaling up of mobile health to increase access to care (4) conducting systematic and continuous text message surveys on the mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in order to inform decision-making. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32821271/ doi: 10.1186/s13033-020-00400-8 id: cord-018125-khhzlt9y author: Jain, Aditya title: Work, Health, Safety and Well-Being: Current State of the Art date: 2018-04-12 words: 12405.0 sentences: 565.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-018125-khhzlt9y.txt txt: ./txt/cord-018125-khhzlt9y.txt summary: It revised the definition at its 12th session in 1995 to read as follows: occupational safety and health should aim at: the promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental and social well-being of workers in all occupations; the prevention amongst workers of departures from health caused by their working conditions; the protection of workers in their employment from risks resulting from factors adverse to health; the placing and maintenance of the worker in an occupational environment adapted to his physiological and psychological capabilities; and, to summarize, the adaptation of work to man and of each man to his job. Liberalization of world trade, rapid technological progress, significant developments in transport and communication, shifting patterns of employment, changes in work organization practices, the different employment patterns of men and women, and the size, structure and life cycles of enterprises and of new technologies can all generate new types and patterns of hazards, exposures and risks. abstract: This introductory chapter will present a review of the current state of the art in relation to employee health, safety and well-being (HSW). The work environment and the nature of work itself are both important influences on HSW. A substantial part of the general morbidity of the population is related to work. It is estimated that workers suffer 270 million occupational accidents and 160 million occupational diseases each year. The chapter will first define HSW. It will then review the current state of the art by outlining key HSW issues in the contemporary world of work, identifying key needs. It will then discuss the evolution of key theoretical perspectives in this area by linking theory to practice and highlighting the need for aligning perspectives and integrating approaches to managing HSW in the workplace. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7122923/ doi: 10.1007/978-94-024-1261-1_1 id: cord-351205-0n5n7p4b author: Javed, Bilal title: The coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic's impact on mental health date: 2020-06-22 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Throughout the world, the public is being informed about the physical effects of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and steps to take to prevent exposure to the coronavirus and manage symptoms of COVID‐19 if they appear. However, the effects of this pandemic on one's mental health have not been studied at length and are still not known. As all efforts are focused on understanding the epidemiology, clinical features, transmission patterns, and management of the COVID‐19 outbreak, there has been very little concern expressed over the effects on one's mental health and on strategies to prevent stigmatization. People's behavior may greatly affect the pandemic's dynamic by altering the severity, transmission, disease flow, and repercussions. The present situation requires raising awareness in public, which can be helpful to deal with this calamity. This perspective article provides a detailed overview of the effects of the COVID‐19 outbreak on the mental health of people. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.3008 doi: 10.1002/hpm.3008 id: cord-256408-bf79lj4f author: Jayasinghe, Saroj title: Social determinants of health inequalities: towards a theoretical perspective using systems science date: 2015-08-25 words: 5024.0 sentences: 243.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256408-bf79lj4f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256408-bf79lj4f.txt summary: Systems approach views health inequalities as patterns within the larger rubric of other facets of the human condition, such as educational outcomes and economic development. Novel approaches using computer simulation models (e.g. agent-based models) would shed light on possible mechanisms as to how factors or determinants interact and lead to emergent patterns of health inequalities of populations. The author in a recent paper extended the systems approach to incorporate principles of complexity science and to conceptualize population health outcomes as an emergent property of a dynamic and open, complex adaptive system [2] . The current paper explores these themes further and applies the principles of systems approach and complexity science (i.e. systems science) to conceptualize social determinants of health inequalities (SDHI). Finally, computer simulation models (e.g. agent-based models) would shed light on possible mechanisms as to how factors or determinants interact and lead to emergent patterns of health outcomes of populations. abstract: A systems approach offers a novel conceptualization to natural and social systems. In recent years, this has led to perceiving population health outcomes as an emergent property of a dynamic and open, complex adaptive system. The current paper explores these themes further and applies the principles of systems approach and complexity science (i.e. systems science) to conceptualize social determinants of health inequalities. The conceptualization can be done in two steps: viewing health inequalities from a systems approach and extending it to include complexity science. Systems approach views health inequalities as patterns within the larger rubric of other facets of the human condition, such as educational outcomes and economic development. This anlysis requires more sophisticated models such as systems dynamic models. An extension of the approach is to view systems as complex adaptive systems, i.e. systems that are 'open' and adapt to the environment. They consist of dynamic adapting subsystems that exhibit non-linear interactions, while being 'open' to a similarly dynamic environment of interconnected systems. They exhibit emergent properties that cannot be estimated with precision by using the known interactions among its components (such as economic development, political freedom, health system, culture etc.). Different combinations of the same bundle of factors or determinants give rise to similar patterns or outcomes (i.e. property of convergence), and minor variations in the initial condition could give rise to widely divergent outcomes. Novel approaches using computer simulation models (e.g. agent-based models) would shed light on possible mechanisms as to how factors or determinants interact and lead to emergent patterns of health inequalities of populations. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-015-0205-8 doi: 10.1186/s12939-015-0205-8 id: cord-333943-9d93na7s author: Jeong, Han Eol title: Association between NSAIDs use and adverse clinical outcomes among adults hospitalized with COVID-19 in South Korea: A nationwide study date: 2020-07-27 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may exacerbate COVID-19 and worsen associated outcomes by upregulating the enzyme that SARS-CoV-2 binds to enter cells. To our knowledge, no study has examined the association between NSAID use and the risk of COVID-19-related outcomes. METHODS: We conducted a cohort study using South Korea’s nationwide healthcare database, which contains data of all subjects who received a test for COVID-19 (n=69,793) as of April 8, 2020. We identified adults hospitalized with COVID-19, where cohort entry was the date of hospitalization. NSAIDs users were those prescribed NSAIDs in the 7 days before and including cohort entry and non-users were those not prescribed NSAIDs during this period. Our primary outcome was a composite of in-hospital death, intensive care unit admission, mechanical ventilation use, and sepsis; our secondary outcomes were cardiovascular complications and acute renal failure. We conducted logistic regression analysis to estimate odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using inverse probability of treatment weighting to minimize confounding. RESULTS: Of 1,824 adults hospitalized with COVID-19 (mean age 49.0 years; female 59%), 354 were NSAIDs users and 1,470 were non-users. Compared with non-use, NSAIDs use was associated with increased risks of the primary composite outcome (OR 1.54 [95% CI 1.13-2.11]) but insignificantly associated with cardiovascular complications (1.54 [0.96-2.48]) or acute renal failure (1.45 [0.49-4.14]). CONCLUSION: While awaiting the results of confirmatory studies, we suggest NSAIDs be used with caution among patients with COVID-19 as the harms associated with their use may outweigh their benefits in this population. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa1056 doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1056 id: cord-350380-4yardtss author: Jephcott, Freya L. title: Facility-based surveillance for emerging infectious diseases; diagnostic practices in rural West African hospital settings: observations from Ghana date: 2017-07-19 words: 3497.0 sentences: 162.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350380-4yardtss.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350380-4yardtss.txt summary: title: Facility-based surveillance for emerging infectious diseases; diagnostic practices in rural West African hospital settings: observations from Ghana The aim of this study was to better understand the effectiveness of Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) facility-based surveillance in detecting newly emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) in rural West African settings. While participants routinely used hospital treatment when confronted with enduring or severe illness, the diagnostic process within clinical settings meant that an unusual diagnosis, such as an EID, was unlikely to be considered. Facility-based surveillance is unlikely to be effective in detecting EIDs due to a combination of clinical care practices and the time constraints associated with individual episodes of illness, particularly in the resource-limited settings of rural West Africa, where febrile illness due to malaria is common and specific diagnostic assays are largely unavailable. abstract: The aim of this study was to better understand the effectiveness of Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) facility-based surveillance in detecting newly emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) in rural West African settings. A six-month ethnographic study was undertaken in 2012 in the Techiman Municipality of the Brong-Ahafo Region of Ghana, aimed at documenting the trajectories of febrile illness cases of unknown origin occurring within four rural communities. Particular attention was paid to where these trajectories involved the use of formal healthcare facilities and the diagnostic practices that occurred there. Seventy-six participants were enrolled in the study, and 24 complete episodes of illness were documented. While participants routinely used hospital treatment when confronted with enduring or severe illness, the diagnostic process within clinical settings meant that an unusual diagnosis, such as an EID, was unlikely to be considered. Facility-based surveillance is unlikely to be effective in detecting EIDs due to a combination of clinical care practices and the time constraints associated with individual episodes of illness, particularly in the resource-limited settings of rural West Africa, where febrile illness due to malaria is common and specific diagnostic assays are largely unavailable. The success of the ‘One Health' approach to EIDs in West Africa is predicated on characterization of accurately diagnosed disease burdens. To this end, we must address inefficiencies in the dominant approaches to EID surveillance and the weaknesses of health systems in the region generally. This article is part of the themed issue ‘One Health for a changing world: zoonoses, ecosystems and human well-being'. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28584181/ doi: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0544 id: cord-033401-0o1g1924 author: Jerry II, Robert H title: COVID-19: responsibility and accountability in a world of rationing date: 2020-09-12 words: 6591.0 sentences: 310.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-033401-0o1g1924.txt txt: ./txt/cord-033401-0o1g1924.txt summary: 62 Effective April 17, 2020, Wisconsin grants immunity to health care providers -for the death of or injury to any individual or any damages caused by actions or omissions‖ that were provided during the COVID-19 state of emergency or up to 60 days after its termination if such acts or omissions are rendered pursuant to the -direction, guidance, recommendation, or other statement made by a federal, state, or local official to address or in response to the emergency or disaster.‖ Wis. Stat. Cuomo of New York, which, among other things, extended immunity to physicians and other health care providers from -civil liability for any injury or death alleged to have been sustained directly as a result of an act or omission by such medical professional in the course of providing medical services in support of the State''s response to the COVID-19 outbreak‖ unless it was abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic is the first modern public health crisis with the potential to overwhelm the public health care system. When rationing of services, drugs, and equipment must occur, health care providers have a responsibility to make rationing decisions fairly, both procedurally and substantively. In addition, health care providers, like all professionals, are accountable for their decisions. The legal standard of care requires providers to exercise the skill and knowledge normally possessed by providers in good standing in the same field or class of practice acting in the same or similar circumstances. But making rationing decisions in crisis conditions, like those created by COVID-19, is not the same as or similar to decision making in non-crisis conditions. Thus, the standard of care, properly applied, expects less of providers practicing under the stress of COVID-19’s triage conditions. Because many health care providers do not perceive this is true, and for pragmatic and normative reasons, policymakers should articulate rules limiting providers’ liability for rationing decisions—as well as other acts and omissions—occurring in and attendant to crisis conditions. These rules should not, however, create absolute immunities. As the COVID-19 pandemic unfolds, more states are embracing this approach. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7543496/ doi: 10.1093/jlb/lsaa076 id: cord-317441-tnde2jp5 author: Jewell, Jennifer S title: Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States: Online Survey date: 2020-10-23 words: 4609.0 sentences: 266.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317441-tnde2jp5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317441-tnde2jp5.txt summary: The current pandemic is likely to be associated with similar mental health outcomes, as a result of potential exposure to stressors including loss of loved ones, economic hardship, social isolation, and childcare responsibilities following school and day care closures. Across numerous studies, social isolation has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality, with an increase in coronary heart disease, stroke, and poor mental health outcomes such as depression and anxiety [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] . The current study examines demographic differences in mental health and well-being outcomes and specific sources of concern that impact these outcomes among a US sample of 1083 adults surveyed between April 7 and June 1, 2020, immediately following business closures and movement restrictions. Based on a review of the limited literature specifically related to the COVID-19 pandemic, Rajkumar [24] found that older adults were at greater risk for mental health concerns [35] . abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has had numerous worldwide effects. In the United States, there have been 8.3 million cases and nearly 222,000 deaths as of October 21, 2020. Based on previous studies of mental health during outbreaks, the mental health of the population will be negatively affected in the aftermath of this pandemic. The long-term nature of this pandemic may lead to unforeseen mental health outcomes and/or unexpected relationships between demographic factors and mental health outcomes. OBJECTIVE: This research focused on assessing the mental health status of adults in the United States during the early weeks of an unfolding pandemic. METHODS: Data was collected from English-speaking adults from early April to early June 2020 using an online survey. The final convenience sample included 1083 US residents. The 71-item survey consisted of demographic questions, mental health and well-being measures, a coping mechanisms checklist, and questions about COVID-19–specific concerns. Hierarchical multivariable logistic regression was used to explore associations among demographic variables and mental health outcomes. Hierarchical linear regression was conducted to examine associations among demographic variables, COVID-19–specific concerns, and mental health and well-being outcomes. RESULTS: Approximately 50% (536/1076) of the US sample was aged ≥45 years. Most of the sample was White (1013/1054, 96%), non-Hispanic (985/1058, 93%), and female (884/1073, 82%). Participants reported high rates of depression (295/1034, 29%), anxiety (342/1007, 34%), and stress (773/1058, 73%). Older individuals were less likely to report depressive symptomology (OR 0.78, P<.001) and anxiety symptomology (OR 0.72, P<.001); in addition, they had lower stress scores (–0.15 points, SE 0.01, P<.001) and increased well-being scores (1.86 points, SE 0.22, P<.001). Individuals who were no longer working due to COVID-19 were 2.25 times more likely to report symptoms of depression (P=.02), had a 0.51-point increase in stress (SE 0.17, P=.02), and a 3.9-point decrease in well-being scores (SE 1.49, P=.009) compared to individuals who were working remotely before and after COVID-19. Individuals who had partial or no insurance coverage were 2-3 times more likely to report depressive symptomology compared to individuals with full coverage (P=.02 and P=.01, respectively). Individuals who were on Medicare/Medicaid and individuals with no coverage were 1.97 and 4.48 times more likely to report moderate or severe anxiety, respectively (P=.03 and P=.01, respectively). Financial and food access concerns were significantly and positively related to depression, anxiety, and stress (all P<.05), and significantly negatively related to well-being (both P<.001). Economy, illness, and death concerns were significantly positively related to overall stress scores (all P<.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that many US residents are experiencing high stress, depressive, and anxiety symptomatology, especially those who are underinsured, uninsured, or unemployed. Longitudinal investigation of these variables is recommended. Health practitioners may provide opportunities to allay concerns or offer coping techniques to individuals in need of mental health care. These messages should be shared in person and through practice websites and social media. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33006939/ doi: 10.2196/22043 id: cord-273045-ele1cz86 author: Johnson, Claire D. title: Response of Practicing Chiropractors during the Early Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Descriptive Report date: 2020-06-13 words: 13963.0 sentences: 878.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273045-ele1cz86.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273045-ele1cz86.txt summary: authors: Johnson, Claire D.; Green, Bart N.; Konarski-Hart, Karen K.; Hewitt, Elise G.; Napuli, Jason G.; Foshee, William K.; Brown, Jason W.; Kopansky-Giles, Deborah; Stuber, Kent J.; Lerede, Caterina; Charlton, Scott T.; Field, Jonathan R.; Botelho, Marcelo B.; Da Silva, Kendrah L.; Tønner, Gitte; Yap, Terrence BK.; Gkolfinopoulos, Vasileios S.; Quintero, Gabriel; Agaoglu, Mustafa H. 68 The Texas Board of Chiropractic Examiners issued guidelines on appropriateness of chiropractic care through April 30 that stated, "Licensees should only provide essential chiropractic services for patients with current or recurrent complaints of pain or disability which adversely affects the patient''s ability to engage in the essential activities of daily living or work, or adversely affects the patient''s quality of life, and with anticipation of material improvement under chiropractic care." 69 As of May 1, updated orders included that licensed chiropractors could provide wellness care but, "should continue to adhere to safety and prevention best practices specified in the most current advice from the Centers for Disease Control." 70 William Foshee. abstract: OBJECTIVE: The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has strained all levels of healthcare and it is not known how chiropractic practitioners have responded to this crisis. The purpose of this report is to describe responses by a sample of chiropractors during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: We used a qualitative-constructivist design to understand chiropractic practice during the COVID-19 pandemic, as described by the participants. A sample of chiropractic practitioners (doctors of chiropractic, chiropractors) from various international locations were invited to participate. Each described the public health response to COVID-19 in their location and the actions that they took in their chiropractic practices from April 20 through May 4, 2020. A summary report was created from their responses and common themes were identified. RESULTS: Eighteen chiropractic practitioners representing 17 locations and 11 countries participated. A variety of practice environments were represented in this sample, including, solo practice, mobile practice, private hospital, US Veterans Administration health care, worksite health center, and group practice. They reported that they recognized and abided by changing governmental regulations. They observed their patients experience increased stress and mental health concerns resulting from the pandemic. They adopted innovative strategies, such as telehealth, to do outreach, communicate with, and provide care for patients. They abided by national and World Health Organization recommendations and they adopted creative strategies to maintain connectivity with patients through a people-centered, integrated, and collaborative approach. CONCLUSION: Although the chiropractors in this sample practiced in different cities and countries, their compliance with local regulations, concern for staff and patient safety, and people-centered responses were consistent. This sample covers all 7 World Federation of Chiropractic regions (ie, African, Asian, Eastern Mediterranean, European, Latin American, North American, and Pacific) and provides insights into measures taken by chiropractors during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. This information may assist the chiropractic profession as it prepares for different scenarios as new evidence about this disease evolves. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0161475420301226 doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2020.05.001 id: cord-284356-4yjj4xwv author: Johnson, Ian L. title: Integration of Community Health Teaching in the Undergraduate Medicine Curriculum at the University of Toronto date: 2011-09-28 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: In 1999, Determinants of Community Health was introduced at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto. The course spanned all 4 years of the undergraduate curriculum and focused on addressing individual patient and community needs, prevention and population health, and diverse learning contexts. PURPOSE: To demonstrate the value of an integrated, longitudinal approach to the efficiency of delivering a public health curriculum. DESIGN: Time-series comparing the curricular change over two periods of time. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: Undergraduate medical students from 1993 to 2009. INTERVENTION: Using a spiral curriculum, the educational materials are integrated across all 4 years, based on the concept of medical decision making in a community context. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: This study compares measures of student satisfaction and national rankings of the University of Toronto with the other 16 Canadian medical schools for the “Population Health, Ethical, Legal, and Organizational aspects of the practice of medicine” component of the Medical Council of Canada Qualifying Examination Part 1. RESULTS: The University of Toronto has been ranked either first or second place nationally, in comparison to lower rankings in previous years (p<0.02 on the Kruskal–Wallis test). Student ratings indicated the course was comparable to others in the curriculum. CONCLUSIONS: For the same amount of curricular time, an integrated spiral curriculum for teaching public health appears to be more effective than traditional approaches. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21961661/ doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2011.06.003 id: cord-287684-z3l9tsir author: Johnson, Sonia title: Impact on mental health care and on mental health service users of the COVID-19 pandemic: a mixed methods survey of UK mental health care staff date: 2020-08-28 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: PURPOSE: The COVID-19 pandemic has potential to disrupt and burden the mental health care system, and to magnify inequalities experienced by mental health service users. METHODS: We investigated staff reports regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in its early weeks on mental health care and mental health service users in the UK using a mixed methods online survey. Recruitment channels included professional associations and networks, charities, and social media. Quantitative findings were reported with descriptive statistics, and content analysis conducted for qualitative data. RESULTS: 2,180 staff from a range of sectors, professions, and specialties participated. Immediate infection control concerns were highly salient for inpatient staff, new ways of working for community staff. Multiple rapid adaptations and innovations in response to the crisis were described, especially remote working. This was cautiously welcomed but found successful in only some clinical situations. Staff had specific concerns about many groups of service users, including people whose conditions are exacerbated by pandemic anxieties and social disruptions; people experiencing loneliness, domestic abuse and family conflict; those unable to understand and follow social distancing requirements; and those who cannot engage with remote care. CONCLUSION: This overview of staff concerns and experiences in the early COVID-19 pandemic suggests directions for further research and service development: we suggest that how to combine infection control and a therapeutic environment in hospital, and how to achieve effective and targeted tele-health implementation in the community, should be priorities. The limitations of our convenience sample must be noted. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00127-020-01927-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-020-01927-4 doi: 10.1007/s00127-020-01927-4 id: cord-316878-zemaygnt author: Johnson, Stephanie B. title: Advancing Global Health Equity in the COVID-19 Response: Beyond Solidarity date: 2020-08-25 words: 2634.0 sentences: 132.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316878-zemaygnt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316878-zemaygnt.txt summary: This paper argues that achieving global health equity in the context of COVID-19 will require that notions of reciprocity and relational equity are introduced to the response. Global coordinated efforts in response to COVID-19 led by international organizations such as UNICEF and the World Health Organization (WHO) have attempted to integrate notions of global "solidarity" into practice and policy. It will help countries expand their health-care capacity and mitigate its social impact." Similarly, the WHO publication Addressing Human Rights as Key to the COVID-19 Response sets out that [u] nder international human rights law, the obligations undertaken by State parties beyond their borders, i.e. to International Assistance and Cooperation are akin to their domestic obligations, not subsidiary or secondary in any way. abstract: In the coming weeks and months SARS-CoV-2 may ravage countries with weak health systems and populations disproportionately affected by HIV, tuberculosis (TB), and other infectious diseases. Without safeguards and proper attention to global health equity and justice, the effects of this pandemic are likely to exacerbate existing health and socio-economic inequalities. This paper argues that achieving global health equity in the context of COVID-19 will require that notions of reciprocity and relational equity are introduced to the response. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-020-10008-9 doi: 10.1007/s11673-020-10008-9 id: cord-104419-lzwyaq3y author: KHODAYARI-ZARNAQ, Rahim title: Global Health Diplomacy: A Closer Look date: 2019-08-17 words: 401.0 sentences: 29.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-104419-lzwyaq3y.txt txt: ./txt/cord-104419-lzwyaq3y.txt summary: Improvements in international communications between policy makers and researchers changed this concept to "Global Health Diplomacy", the concept which contains performances of public and private actors in order to improve global health (2) . One of the most comprehensive definitions relates to Adams and Novotny (4) in which global health diplomacy is a political change in order to achieve intrinsic goals of health promotion through strengthening international relationships especially in areas with resource constraints. Health diplomacy was noted as a means to protect you in the global society as well as an opportunity for bridging gap among governments, private sector, and non-governmental organizations in order to improve public health (5). In recent decades, some health policies have succeeded in increasing political reputation or improving relations between states and political actors. Defining health diplomacy: changing demands in the era of globalization The globalization of public health: the first 100 years of international health diplomacy abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7145921/ doi: nan id: cord-265370-mhy4nu7e author: KINI, GANESH title: All’s not well with the “worried well”: understanding health anxiety due to COVID-19 date: 2020-10-06 words: 1489.0 sentences: 84.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-265370-mhy4nu7e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-265370-mhy4nu7e.txt summary: Individuals with health anxiety may get dismissed as the "worried well" in this pandemic due to disruption of mental health services and inability of healthcare systems to understand the psychosocial factors in the background. Education of general public, training of healthcare workers in cognitive behavioural model of health anxiety and timely referral to mental health professionals in severe cases is need of the hour. The novel corona virus (SARS-CoV2) which was first reported in Wuhan, China has engulfed the world in fear [1] World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 as a pandemic on March 11, 2020 [2] . Individuals who are worried about infection with the virus may not get adequate care due to disruption of mental health services during the pandemic. Some may develop avoidance behaviour and isolate themselves from family members, avoid revealing their symptoms to others, or even skip medical appointments fearing they might test positive for COVID-19 or be put in quarantine. abstract: The novel corona virus (SARS- CoV2) pandemic has created an unprecedented public health problem and a mental health crisis looms ahead. The isolation, socio-economic disruption, uncertainty and fear of contagion have led to a spike of health anxiety in the general public. Individuals with health anxiety may get dismissed as the “worried well” in this pandemic due to disruption of mental health services and inability of healthcare systems to understand the psychosocial factors in the background. Education of general public, training of healthcare workers in cognitive behavioural model of health anxiety and timely referral to mental health professionals in severe cases is need of the hour. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33150221/ doi: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2020.61.3.1605 id: cord-315209-xpzqd0wk author: Kabamba Nzaji, Michel title: Predictors of Non-Adherence to Public Health Instructions During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo date: 2020-10-21 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: Adherence to public health instructions for the COVID-19 is important for controlling the transmission and the pandemic’s health and economic impacts. The aim of this study was to determine the associated factors of non-adherence to public health and social measures instructions. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted with 1913 participants in two provinces of DRC, Mbuji-Mayi, and Kamina. Predictors of non-adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures were identified using binary logistic regression analysis. P-value<0.05 was considered as a significant predictor. RESULTS: Among 1913 participants (1057 [55.3%] male, age 34.1 [14.9] years), 36.6% were defined as non-adherents. Non-adherence was associated with never studied and primary education level [adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=1.63, CI=1.31–2.03], unemployed status [aOR=1.29, CI=1.01–1.67], living in Kamina (Haut-Lomami province) [aOR=1.63, CI=1.31–2.03], female gender of head of household [aOR=1.53, CI=1.16–2.03], no attending lectures/discussions about COVID-19 [aOR=1.61, CI=1.08–2.40], not being satisfied with the measures taken by the Ministry of Health [aOR=2.26, CI=1.78–2.81], not been regularly informed about the pandemic [aOR=2.25, CI=1.80–2.03], and bad knowledge about COVID-19 [aOR=2.36, CI=1.90–2.93]. CONCLUSION: The rate of non-observance of preventive measures for the COVID-19 pandemic is high, and different factors contributed. The government has to counsel the permanent updating of messages taking into account the context and the progress of the pandemic by using several communication channels. url: https://doi.org/10.2147/jmdh.s274944 doi: 10.2147/jmdh.s274944 id: cord-322235-ttjja4r2 author: Kahambing, Jan Gresil S. title: Stigma, Exclusion, and Mental Health during COVID19: 2 Cases from the Philippines date: 2020-07-11 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32682301/ doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102292 id: cord-011474-0m6icqkt author: Kahn, Jessica A. title: Start Now date: 2020-05-20 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7237922/ doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.04.008 id: cord-323311-xl2fv0qx author: Kahn, R. E. title: 6th International Conference on Emerging Zoonoses date: 2012-09-07 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The 6th International Conference on Emerging Zoonoses, held at Cancun, Mexico, 24–27 February 2011, offered 84 participants from 18 countries, a snapshot of current research in numerous zoonoses caused by viruses, bacteria or prions. Co‐chaired by Professors Heinz Feldmann and Jürgen Richt, the conference explored 10 topics: (i) The ecology of emerging zoonotic diseases; (ii) The role of wildlife in emerging zoonoses; (iii) Cross‐species transmission of zoonotic pathogens; (iv) Emerging and neglected influenza viruses; (v) Haemorrhagic fever viruses; (vi) Emerging bacterial diseases; (vii) Outbreak responses to zoonotic diseases; (viii) Food‐borne zoonotic diseases; (ix) Prion diseases; and (x) Modelling and prediction of emergence of zoonoses. Human medicine, veterinary medicine and environmental challenges are viewed as a unity, which must be considered under the umbrella of ‘One Health’. Several presentations attempted to integrate the insights gained from field data with mathematical models in the search for effective control measures of specific zoonoses. The overriding objective of the research presentations was to create, improve and use the tools essential to address the risk of contagions in a globalized society. In seeking to fulfil this objective, a three‐step approach has often been applied: (i) use cultured cells, model and natural animal hosts and human clinical models to study infection; (ii) combine traditional histopathological and biochemical approaches with functional genomics, proteomics and computational biology; and (iii) obtain signatures of virulence and insights into mechanisms of host defense response, immune evasion and pathogenesis. This meeting review summarizes 39 of the conference presentations and mentions briefly the 16 articles in this Special Supplement, most of which were presented at the conference in earlier versions. The full affiliations of all presenters and many colleagues have been included to facilitate further inquiries from readers. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22958247/ doi: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2012.01539.x id: cord-269402-xzgfwu8a author: Kamin-Friedman, Shelly title: Would it be legally justified to impose vaccination in Israel? Examining the issue in light of the 2013 detection of polio in Israeli sewage date: 2017-10-30 words: 8466.0 sentences: 383.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269402-xzgfwu8a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269402-xzgfwu8a.txt summary: MAIN FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION: A mandatory vaccination backed by criminal sanctions in the service of the eradication of contagious diseases would probably be perceived as infringing on the constitutional right to autonomy to a greater extent than necessary according to Israeli law and case law precedents. Justice Barak-Erez did not positively hold that depriving the additional child allowance from families with an unvaccinated child represents a violation of the right to equality, but agreed with Justice Arbel that the law''s amendment complied with the stipulations provided in the Limitation Clause: The amendment has a proper purpose (to protect unvaccinated children and promote public health); there is high probability that a financial sanction would be effective and promote vaccination compliance; and the intervention is both minimally infringing and proportionate since it has been balanced by the parents'' right to opposition and appeal [28] . abstract: BACKGROUND: The detection of wild poliovirus in Israeli sewage in May 2013 led the health authorities to decide that children who had been vaccinated with IPV would also be vaccinated with OPV. The decision sought to protect vulnerable Israeli individuals who were either not vaccinated with IPV or who suffered from an immune deficiency, to preserve Israel’s status as a polio-free country, to prevent the virus’ “exportation” into vulnerable polio-free countries, and to participate in the global efforts toward the eradication of polio. After a massive public persuasion campaign, 79% of the children born after 2004 were vaccinated as well as 69% of the children residing in central Israel. A 2014 State Comptroller Report stated that the Ministry of Health should draw conclusions from the low compliance rates in certain Israeli regions. GOALS: The article seeks to examine the legal legitimacy of mandatory vaccination in the service of eradicating a contagious disease (as opposed to preventing a pandemic outbreak), which was one of the objectives in the 2013 Polio case. It more specifically relates to current Israeli law as well as to a hypothetical new public health law which would authorize health officials to oblige vaccination and enforce this through the use of criminal sanctions. METHOD: Qualitative content analysis through the interpretation of court judgements, laws, legislative protocols, health ministry guidelines and documented discussions of the Advisory Committee on Infectious Diseases and Immunization. MAIN FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION: A mandatory vaccination backed by criminal sanctions in the service of the eradication of contagious diseases would probably be perceived as infringing on the constitutional right to autonomy to a greater extent than necessary according to Israeli law and case law precedents. There may be some added value inherent in a new public health law which would authorize health officials to oblige vaccination where nonrestrictive measures have been ineffective. However, the law should also specify a variety of sanctions to accompany the enforcement of mandatory vaccinations which would be formulated from least to most restrictive according to the “intervention ladder” concept. The law should also describe the circumstances which would justify the implementation of each and every sanction as well as the procedural safeguards designed for established decisions and fairness toward the individual(s) whose rights are infringed by the application of these sanctions. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29084599/ doi: 10.1186/s13584-017-0182-z id: cord-251979-j3mme15e author: Kandeel, Amr title: Morbidity, Mortality, and Seasonality of Influenza Hospitalizations in Egypt, November 2007-November 2014 date: 2016-09-08 words: 4716.0 sentences: 272.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-251979-j3mme15e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-251979-j3mme15e.txt summary: METHODS: Syndromic case definitions identified individuals with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) admitted to eight hospitals in Egypt. The aims of this study were to (1) assess the proportion of SARI cases having influenza infection in Egypt; (2) examine the types and subtypes of detected influenza viruses in Egypt; (3) compare demographic and clinical characteristics of influenza-positive SARI cases to those of influenza-negative SARI cases in Egypt; (4) quantify influenza deaths and assess influenza mortality risk factors in Egypt; and (5) establish a defined period of influenza seasonality in Egypt. The odds of death among influenza-positive cases were modeled with logistic regression using different explanatory variables (age group: pediatric <15 years old versus adult 15 years old; sex: male versus female; days from symptom onset to hospitalization: 0-2 versus 3-4 versus 5; chronic conditions: at least one versus none; and influenza type: A versus B). abstract: BACKGROUND: Influenza typically comprises a substantial portion of acute respiratory infections, a leading cause of mortality worldwide. However, influenza epidemiology data are lacking in Egypt. We describe seven years of Egypt’s influenza hospitalizations from a multi-site influenza surveillance system. METHODS: Syndromic case definitions identified individuals with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) admitted to eight hospitals in Egypt. Standardized demographic and clinical data were collected. Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs were tested for influenza using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and typed as influenza A or B, and influenza A specimens subtyped. RESULTS: From November 2007–November 2014, 2,936/17,441 (17%) SARI cases were influenza-positive. Influenza-positive patients were more likely to be older, female, pregnant, and have chronic condition(s) (all p<0.05). Among them, 53 (2%) died, and death was associated with older age, five or more days from symptom onset to hospitalization, chronic condition(s), and influenza A (all p<0.05). An annual seasonal influenza pattern occurred from July–June. Each season, the proportion of the season’s influenza-positive cases peaked during November–May (19–41%). CONCLUSIONS: In Egypt, influenza causes considerable morbidity and mortality and influenza SARI hospitalization patterns mirror those of the Northern Hemisphere. Additional assessment of influenza epidemiology in Egypt may better guide disease control activities and vaccine policy. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0161301 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161301 id: cord-284890-s73hljz9 author: Kang, Lijun title: Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak: A cross-sectional study date: 2020-03-30 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The severe 2019 outbreak of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which was first reported in Wuhan, would be expected to impact the mental health of local medical and nursing staff and thus lead them to seek help. However, those outcomes have yet to be established using epidemiological data. To explore the mental health status of medical and nursing staff and the efficacy, or lack thereof, of critically connecting psychological needs to receiving psychological care, we conducted a quantitative study. This is the first paper on the mental health of medical and nursing staff in Wuhan. Notably, among 994 medical and nursing staff working in Wuhan, 36.9% had subthreshold mental health disturbances (mean PHQ-9: 2.4), 34.4% had mild disturbances (mean PHQ-9: 5.4), 22.4% had moderate disturbances (mean PHQ-9: 9.0), and 6.2% had severe disturbance (mean PHQ-9: 15.1) in the immediate wake of the viral epidemic. The noted burden fell particularly heavily on young women. Of all participants, 36.3% had accessed psychological materials (such as books on mental health), 50.4% had accessed psychological resources available through media (such as online push messages on mental health self-help coping methods), and 17.5% had participated in counseling or psychotherapy. Trends in levels of psychological distress and factors such as exposure to infected people and psychological assistance were identified. Although staff accessed limited mental healthcare services, distressed staff nonetheless saw these services as important resources to alleviate acute mental health disturbances and improve their physical health perceptions. These findings emphasize the importance of being prepared to support frontline workers through mental health interventions at times of widespread crisis. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.028 doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.028 id: cord-281957-1p54k8it author: Kaplan, Bruce title: ''ONE HEALTH'' and parasitology date: 2009-08-12 words: 1312.0 sentences: 67.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281957-1p54k8it.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281957-1p54k8it.txt summary: One Health is a concept that proposes that a paradigm shift in approaching diseases of humans and animals is essential to meet the challenges of the 21 st century. One Health began in the late 19 th and 20 th centuries with physician leaders in medicine like Rudolf Virchow, known as the "Father of comparative medicine, cellular pathology, and veterinary pathology" and William Osler, called the "Father of Modern Medicine." They embraced the concept that human and animal health were inextricably linked. Schwabe at the University of California coined the term "One Medicine" (now commonly referred to as "One Health") which was aimed at unifying human medical and veterinary medical disciplines against zoonotic diseases occurring in the public health arena. Parasitologists, of all the health professional scientists, are generally most familiar with the long list of parasitic zoonoses that affect humans via animals as well as specific details pertaining to each. One Health Initiative will unite human and veterinary medicine abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-2-36 doi: 10.1186/1756-3305-2-36 id: cord-262205-ax3i3d7f author: Karampourian, Arezou title: Exploring challenges of health system preparedness for communicable diseases in Arbaeen mass gathering: a qualitative study date: 2018-09-11 words: 6698.0 sentences: 309.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262205-ax3i3d7f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262205-ax3i3d7f.txt summary: The aim of this study is to explore stakeholders'' experiences on the health system''s preparedness and challenges, and to provide suggestions for preventing infectious diseases during the Arbaeen mass gathering. Health infrastructure defects in Iraq has three sub-themes (health abandonment in Iraq, the weaknesses in health culture and problems related to the health system); poor control of the causative factors of infectious diseases has three sub-themes (the underlying factors of the prevalence of contagious diseases, health system response to communicable diseases and ignoring the risks of the Arbaeen ceremony); the low perception of risk in pilgrims has three sub-themes (lack of awareness in pilgrims, fatalism in pilgrims and unhygienic belief in pilgrims); and the ineffectiveness of health education has two sub-themes (training shortage in the targeted group and educational content problems) that shows participant''s experiences of the health system''s challenges for coping with infectious diseases during the Arbaeen ceremony. abstract: Background: Infectious diseases are common problems in mass gatherings, especially when there is a lack of health system preparedness. Since Iran is one of the most important countries on the walking path of Arbaeen and has a vital role in providing health services to pilgrims, the experiences of health challenges by participants is of key importance. The aim of this study is to explore stakeholders’ experiences on the health system's preparedness and challenges, and to provide suggestions for preventing infectious diseases during the Arbaeen mass gathering. Methods: A qualitative research method was used with a conventional content analysis approach. The number of participants was 17, including 13 executive managers and 4 health policymakers who entered the study among participants. Semi-structured interviews were used to generate the data. Interviews were analyzed by means of content analysis after face-to-face interviews. Results: Data analysis resulted in the extraction of four main themes and 11 sub-themes. Health infrastructure defects in Iraq has three sub-themes (health abandonment in Iraq, the weaknesses in health culture and problems related to the health system); poor control of the causative factors of infectious diseases has three sub-themes (the underlying factors of the prevalence of contagious diseases, health system response to communicable diseases and ignoring the risks of the Arbaeen ceremony); the low perception of risk in pilgrims has three sub-themes (lack of awareness in pilgrims, fatalism in pilgrims and unhygienic belief in pilgrims); and the ineffectiveness of health education has two sub-themes (training shortage in the targeted group and educational content problems) that shows participant’s experiences of the health system's challenges for coping with infectious diseases during the Arbaeen ceremony. Conclusion: Pilgrim-based training, planning and controlling other challenges may change these threats to opportunities and improve the health of participants of the mass gathering of Arbaeen in the region. url: https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.15290.1 doi: 10.12688/f1000research.15290.1 id: cord-292559-b21j9sf3 author: Karcher, Nicole R. title: The ABCD study: understanding the development of risk for mental and physical health outcomes date: 2020-06-15 words: 10081.0 sentences: 447.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-292559-b21j9sf3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-292559-b21j9sf3.txt summary: The initial goal of the ABCD Study was to examine risk and resiliency factors associated with the development of substance use, but the project has expanded far beyond this initial set of questions and will also greatly inform our understanding of the contributions of biospecimens (e.g., pubertal hormones), neural alterations, and environmental factors to the development of both healthy behavior and brain function as well as risk for poor mental and physical outcomes. First, the ABCD Study utilized a school-based national recruitment strategy with limited exclusion criteria, helping to overcome challenges to previous general population studies that generally did not include neuroimaging [10] as well as attempts to understand the risk factors associated with negative outcomes that relied on convenience samples [11] . These studies provide important evidence that the ABCD Study sample can be leveraged to conduct rigorous research practices, including examining the psychometric evidence for using existing (or newly created) measures in a middle childhood sample, supporting the use of these measures to better understand the development of risk. abstract: Following in the footsteps of other large “population neuroscience” studies, the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development℠ (ABCD) study is the largest in the U.S. assessing brain development. The study is examining approximately 11,875 youth from 21 sites from age 9 to 10 for approximately ten years into young adulthood. The ABCD Study® has completed recruitment for the baseline sample generally using a multi-stage probability sample including a stratified random sample of schools. The dataset has a wealth of measured attributes of youths and their environment, including neuroimaging, cognitive, biospecimen, behavioral, youth self-report and parent self-report metrics, and environmental measures. The initial goal of the ABCD Study was to examine risk and resiliency factors associated with the development of substance use, but the project has expanded far beyond this initial set of questions and will also greatly inform our understanding of the contributions of biospecimens (e.g., pubertal hormones), neural alterations, and environmental factors to the development of both healthy behavior and brain function as well as risk for poor mental and physical outcomes. This review outlines how the ABCD Study was designed to elucidate factors associated with the development of negative mental and physical health outcomes and will provide a selective overview of results emerging from the ABCD Study. Such emerging data includes initial validation of new instruments, important new information about the prevalence and correlates of mental health challenges in middle childhood, and promising data regarding neural correlates of both healthy and disordered behavior. In addition, we will discuss the challenges and opportunities to understanding both healthy development and the emergence of risk from ABCD Study data. Finally, we will overview the future directions of this large undertaking and the ways in which it will shape our understanding of the development of risk for poor mental and physical health outcomes. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32541809/ doi: 10.1038/s41386-020-0736-6 id: cord-319477-wt948lt5 author: Kataria, Ishu title: Development and evaluation of a digital, community-based intervention to reduce noncommunicable disease risk in a low-resource urban setting in Malaysia: a research protocol date: 2020-10-07 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: Noncommunicable disease burden is rising in Malaysia, accounting for 72% of all deaths. Urbanization and globalization have contributed to changing patterns of diet and physical activity, creating an obesogenic environment that increases noncommunicable disease risk, especially in low-income populations. Community-based and technological interventions can play an important role in addressing structural determinants that influence noncommunicable disease burden. The Better Health Programme Malaysia aims to co-create and develop a community-based digital intervention for low-income populations to enable community stakeholders to address obesogenic environments and improve people’s knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to noncommunicable disease risk. METHODS: This quasi-experimental study will assess community member and community health volunteer knowledge, attitudes, and practices on noncommunicable disease prevention, risk factors, and health-seeking behavior in three geographical areas of Kuala Lumpur, each representing a different ethnicity (Malay, Indian, and Chinese). Assessment will take place before and after a 9-month intervention period, comparing intervention areas with matched control geographies. We plan to engage 2880 community members and 45 community health volunteers across the six geographic areas. A digital health needs assessment will inform modification of digital health tools to support project aims. Intervention co-creation will use a discrete choice experiment to identify community preferences among evidence-based intervention options, building from data collected on community knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Community health volunteers will work with local businesses and other stakeholders to effect change in obesogenic environments and NCD risk. The study has been approved by the Malaysian Ministry of Health Medical Research Ethical Committee. DISCUSSION: The Better Health Programme Malaysia anticipates a bottom-up approach that relies on community health volunteers collaborating with local businesses to implement activities that address obesogenic environments and improve community knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to NCD risk. The planned co-creation process will determine which interventions will be most locally relevant, feasible, and needed. The effort aims to empower community members and community health volunteers to drive change that improves their own health and wellbeing. The learnings can be useful nationally and sub-nationally in Malaysia, as well as across similar settings that are working with community stakeholders to reduce noncommunicable disease risk. TRIAL REGISTRATION: National Medical Research Register, Malaysia; NMRR-20-1004-54787 (IIR); July 7, 2020 url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s43058-020-00080-y doi: 10.1186/s43058-020-00080-y id: cord-006159-s21jrbvn author: Katsaliaki, K title: Applications of simulation within the healthcare context date: 2010-10-13 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: A large number of studies have applied simulation to a multitude of issues relating to healthcare. These studies have been published in a number of unrelated publishing outlets, which may hamper the widespread reference and use of such resources. In this paper, we analyse existing research in healthcare simulation in order to categorise and synthesise it in a meaningful manner. Hence, the aim of this paper is to conduct a review of the literature pertaining to simulation research within healthcare in order to ascertain its current development. A review of approximately 250 high-quality journal papers published between 1970 and 2007 on healthcare-related simulation research was conducted. The results present a classification of the healthcare publications according to the simulation techniques they employ; the impact of published literature in healthcare simulation; a report on demonstration and implementation of the studies’ results; the sources of funding; and the software used. Healthcare planners and researchers will benefit from this study by having ready access to an indicative article collection of simulation techniques applied to healthcare problems that are clustered under meaningful headings. This study facilitates the understanding of the potential of different simulation techniques in solving diverse healthcare problems. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7099916/ doi: 10.1057/jors.2010.20 id: cord-259924-a14svuwu author: Kavčič, Tina title: Psychological Functioning of Slovene Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Does Resilience Matter? date: 2020-06-17 words: 3826.0 sentences: 185.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259924-a14svuwu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259924-a14svuwu.txt summary: The aim of the present study was to investigate the buffering role of personal resilience in two aspects of psychological functioning, mental health and stress, among Slovene adults at the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak. Within five days after Slovenia declared epidemics, 2722 participants (75% female) completed an on-line survey measuring mental health and perceived stress as outcome variables and demographics, health-related variables, and personal resilience as predictor variables. The crucial factor promoting good psychological functioning during the COVID-19 pandemics was resilience, additionally buffering against detrimental effects of demographic and health-related variables on mental health and perceived stress. The present study investigated the buffering role of personal resilience in two aspects of psychological functioning, stress and mental health, during the outbreak of COVID-19 and subsequent social lockdown, while taking into account individuals'' demographic and healthrelated characteristics. abstract: As a public health emergency, a pandemic increases susceptibility to unfavourable psychological outcomes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the buffering role of personal resilience in two aspects of psychological functioning, mental health and stress, among Slovene adults at the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak. Within five days after Slovenia declared epidemics, 2722 participants (75% female) completed an on-line survey measuring mental health and perceived stress as outcome variables and demographics, health-related variables, and personal resilience as predictor variables. Hierarchical logistic regression analyses demonstrated that women, younger, and less educated participants had higher odds for less favourable psychological functioning during the COVID-19 outbreak. In addition, poorer health indicators and COVID-19 infection concerns predicted diminished psychological functioning. The crucial factor promoting good psychological functioning during the COVID-19 pandemics was resilience, additionally buffering against detrimental effects of demographic and health-related variables on mental health and perceived stress. While previous research suggests that mental health problems increase during pandemics, one way to prevent these problems and bolster psychological functioning is to build individuals’ resilience. The interventions should be targeted particularly at younger adults, women, less educated people, and individuals who subjectively perceive their health to be rather poor. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11126-020-09789-4 doi: 10.1007/s11126-020-09789-4 id: cord-343740-vcys2q2t author: Kawachi, Ichiro title: COVID-19 and the ‘rediscovery’ of health inequities date: 2020-09-24 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32974663/ doi: 10.1093/ije/dyaa159 id: cord-021933-5082epvg author: Kearney, Alexis title: Introduction to Biological Agents and Pandemics date: 2015-10-23 words: 2021.0 sentences: 131.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-021933-5082epvg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-021933-5082epvg.txt summary: In an effort to better identify and track potential outbreaks related to infectious diseases, both naturally occurring and those related to biowarfare and terrorism, public health practitioners developed surveillance systems designed to analyze routinely collected health information. They define PHEP as the capability of the public health and health care systems, communities, and individuals, to prevent, protect against, quickly Second highest priority agents include those that are moderately easy to disseminate, result in moderate morbidity rates and low mortality rates, and require specific enhancements of the CDC''s diagnostic capacity and enhanced disease surveillance. The information provided by surveillance systems, used in conjunction with clinical data, will ultimately help public health practitioners identify an etiologic agent. As preparedness strategies become more standardized and evidence based, our ability to respond to public health emergencies, including biological attacks, will improve. Real-time public health surveillance for emergency preparedness abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7152235/ doi: 10.1016/b978-0-323-28665-7.00123-0 id: cord-287304-h6wj7m8u author: Keil, Roger title: Governing the Sick City: Urban Governance in the Age of Emerging Infectious Disease date: 2007-12-07 words: 11689.0 sentences: 450.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287304-h6wj7m8u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287304-h6wj7m8u.txt summary: While there has been much attention in recent years on the significance of global city regions in the new world economy (Brenner and Keil 2006) and while the governance and regulation of these regions has captured the imagination of academics and policymakers alike (Buck et al 2005; Harding 2005; Heinelt and Kübler 2005; Kantor and Savitch 2005; Scott 2001) , little has been said specifically about the growing pressures posed by the potential threat of infectious disease through the global network on urban governance. 2 For the area of urban planning and governance a more or less critical literature has begun to explore the spaces that cities have to maneuver in the rather open field of infectious disease preparedness planning and public health since the onset of the "new normal" after the attacks of 9/11 Malizia 2006; Matthew and Macdonald 2006) . abstract: Abstract: Based on a case study of the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak in Toronto, Canada, this article suggests that we may have to rethink our common perception of what urban governance entails. Rather than operating solely in the conceptual proximity of social cohesion and economic competitiveness, urban governance may soon prove to be more centrally concerned with questions of widespread disease, life and death and the construction of new internal boundaries and regulations just at the time that globalization seems to suggest the breakdown of some traditional scalar incisions such as national boundaries in a post‐Westphalian environment. We argue that urban governance must face the new (or reemerging) challenge of dealing with infectious disease in the context of the “new normal” and that global health governance may be better off by taking the possibilities that rest in metropolitan governance more seriously. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32313325/ doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8330.2007.00555.x id: cord-262544-6q8eg9z4 author: Keller, Mikaela title: Use of Unstructured Event-Based Reports for Global Infectious Disease Surveillance date: 2009-05-17 words: 4007.0 sentences: 191.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262544-6q8eg9z4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262544-6q8eg9z4.txt summary: Free or low-cost sources of unstructured information, such as Internet news and online discussion sites, provide detailed local and near real-time data on disease outbreaks, even in countries that lack traditional public health surveillance. In many countries, free or low-cost sources of unstructured information, including Internet news and online discussion sites (Figure) , could provide detailed local and near real-time data on potential and confi rmed disease outbreaks and other public health events (9, 10, (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) . With a goal of improving public health surveillance and, ultimately, intervention efforts, we (the architects, developers, and methodologists for the information systems described herein) reviewed 3 of the primary active systems that process unstructured (free-text), event-based information on disease outbreaks: The Global Public Health Intelligence Network (GPHIN), the HealthMap system, and the EpiSPIDER project (Semantic Processing and Integration of Distributed Electronic Resources for Epidemics [and disasters]; www.epispider.net). abstract: Free or low-cost sources of unstructured information, such as Internet news and online discussion sites, provide detailed local and near real-time data on disease outbreaks, even in countries that lack traditional public health surveillance. To improve public health surveillance and, ultimately, interventions, we examined 3 primary systems that process event-based outbreak information: Global Public Health Intelligence Network, HealthMap, and EpiSPIDER. Despite similarities among them, these systems are highly complementary because they monitor different data types, rely on varying levels of automation and human analysis, and distribute distinct information. Future development should focus on linking these systems more closely to public health practitioners in the field and establishing collaborative networks for alert verification and dissemination. Such development would further establish event-based monitoring as an invaluable public health resource that provides critical context and an alternative to traditional indicator-based outbreak reporting. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19402953/ doi: 10.3201/eid1505.081114 id: cord-324056-cvvyf3cb author: Kelley, Patrick W. title: Global Health: Governance and Policy Development date: 2011-06-30 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Global health policy is now being influenced by an ever-increasing number of nonstate and non-intergovernmental actors to include influential foundations, multinational corporations, multi-sectoral partnerships, and civil society organizations. This article reviews how globalization is a key driver for the ongoing evolution of global health governance. It describes the massive increases in bilateral and multilateral investments in global health and it highlights the current global and US architecture for performing global health programs. The article closes describing some of the challenges and prospects that characterize global health governance today. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idc.2011.02.014 doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2011.02.014 id: cord-346751-x3gd19kq author: Kelly, Frank J. title: Air Pollution and Asthma: Critical Targets for Effective Action date: 2020-11-08 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Evidence to advocate for cleaner air for people with asthma is not in short supply. We know that air pollution is associated with the development and worsening of the condition and that mitigating interventions can improve respiratory outcomes. We have clear targets, particularly traffic emissions, especially in urban areas, and plenty of potentially effective actions. Road traffic must be reduced, and what remains should be cleaner and greener. Urban green spaces, safe cycle networks and wider pavements will promote active travel and leisure time exercise. Healthcare professionals must ensure people are aware of their air quality, its impact on asthma and the appropriate behaviour to safeguard health. What remains are realistic policies and effective measures, based on the correct scientific evidence, to be taken forth with political courage and investment so that air pollution no longer contributes to the development or worsening of respiratory ill health. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41030-020-00138-1 doi: 10.1007/s41030-020-00138-1 id: cord-297341-c2af59ip author: Kelly, Jaimon T. title: Dietitians Australia position statement on telehealth date: 2020-06-28 words: 5316.0 sentences: 283.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297341-c2af59ip.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297341-c2af59ip.txt summary: Compared to traditional care, a recent systematic review with meta-analysis (2019, n = 9 RCTs) concluded that telephone-delivered weight management interventions resulted in a significant decrease in BMI for people with overweight or obesity of −0.46 kg/m 2 (95% CI −0.73, −0.19). In an updated search (April 2020, n = 13 RCTs) of telephone-delivered dietetic services, a meta-analysis was performed that showed that telephone-delivered consultations by dietitians was a superior intervention compared to traditional care (including those with ad hoc nutrition care) for improving a range of important dietary intake measures, including fruit, vegetable, fibre and fat intake per day (see Table 1 ). 63 Another systematic review (2015, n = 9 studies) examined the effects of health interventions on weight loss among patients with cardiovascular disease reporting favourable outcomes for trials using web-based platforms(−1.44 kg; 95% CI -2.34 to −0.34; I 2 = 98%; n = 10 studies), telemedicine (−1.04 kg; 95% CI −1.12 to −0.97; I 2 = 0%; n = 3) and text messaging (−1.74 kg; 95% CI −2.51 to −0.98; I 2 = 83%; n = 4). abstract: It is the position of Dietitians Australia that clients can receive high‐quality and effective dietetic services such as Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) delivered via telehealth. Outcomes of telehealth‐delivered dietetic consultations are comparable to those delivered in‐person, without requiring higher levels of additional training nor compromising quality of service provision. Dietitians Australia recommends that policy makers and healthcare funders broaden the recognition for telehealth‐delivered dietetic consultations as a responsive and cost‐effective alternative or complement to traditional in‐person delivery of dietetic services. The successful implementation of telehealth can help to address health and service inequalities, improve access to effective nutrition services, and support people with chronic disease to optimise their diet‐related health and well‐being, regardless of their location, income or literacy level, thereby addressing current inequities. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32596950/ doi: 10.1111/1747-0080.12619 id: cord-312293-2h37qxcg author: Kennelly, Brendan title: The COVID-19 pandemic in Ireland: An overview of the health service and economic policy response date: 2020-09-09 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: OBJECTIVES: To outline the situation in Ireland with regard to the COVID-19 pandemic METHODS: Analyse the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ireland. Review the key public health and health system responses. RESULTS: Over 1,700 people have died with COVID-19 by July 19(th) while almost 3,000 people had been admitted to hospital with COVID-19. A high proportion of the deaths occurred in nursing homes and other residential centres who did not receive sufficient attention during the early phase of the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: Ireland's response to the COVID-19 crisis has been comprehensive and timely. Transparency, a commitment to a relatively open data policy, the use of traditional and social media to inform the population, and the frequency of updates from the Department of Health and the Health Services Executive are all commendable and have led to a high level of compliance among the general public with the various non-medical measures introduced by the government. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32923355/ doi: 10.1016/j.hlpt.2020.08.021 id: cord-268887-ewf5xhqi author: Kerry, Vanessa B. title: Leveraging Opportunities for Critical Care in Resource-Limited Settings date: 2014-09-30 words: 3446.0 sentences: 171.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268887-ewf5xhqi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268887-ewf5xhqi.txt summary: To attempt to provide a more comprehensive picture of the global burden of critical illness using "prototypical" illnesses of sepsis, acute lung injury, and mechanical ventilation, the investigators drew incidence and prevalence rates from observational population-based studies in several countries [2e8] and applied them to data on population and deaths from the Global Burden of Disease project by World Bank regions [9] . Low-cost mobile devices have been adapted in resource-limited settings to provide diagnostic testing for HIV and then to synchronize results in real time with electronic medical health records to expand both care and epidemiological data collection [79] . Knowledge gaps stem from differences in acute disease burden depending on geography, such as with Ebola, severe acute respiratory syndrome, or Middle East respiratory syndrome, as well as from management in resource-limited areas where diagnostics and treatment modalities may not be readily available or patients present in the community and not at more centralized health facilities. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25667178/ doi: 10.1016/j.gheart.2014.09.002 id: cord-274459-781by93r author: Khalifa, Shaden A. M. title: Comprehensive Overview on Multiple Strategies Fighting COVID-19 date: 2020-08-11 words: 5466.0 sentences: 311.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274459-781by93r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274459-781by93r.txt summary: Our review aims to evaluate strategies of the most affected countries from different continents all over the world (China, Italy, Germany, France, Spain, America, Canada, Brazil, UK, India, Japan, Singapore, Iran, Korea, and Australia) for confronting the epidemic as it explains the best practices that could help other countries to overcome current or any upcoming pandemic. Most countries were forced to announce emergency measures to protect vulnerable people and block ways of transmission due to the continuous increase in confirmed cases by time as reported in Figure 3 [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] . Most countries were forced to announce emergency measures to protect vulnerable people and block ways of transmission due to the continuous increase in confirmed cases by time as reported in Figure 3 [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] . abstract: Lately, myriad of novel viruses have emerged causing epidemics such as SARS, MERS, and SARS-CoV-2, leading to high mortality rates worldwide. Thus, these viruses represented a challenging threat to mankind, especially considering the miniscule data available at our disposal regarding these novel viruses. The entire world established coordinative relations in research projects regarding drug and vaccine development on the external range, whereas on the internal range, all countries declared it an emergency case through imposing different restrictions related to their border control, large gatherings, school attendance, and most social activities. Pandemic combating plans prioritized all sectors including normal people, medical staff politicians, and scientists collectively shouldered the burden. Through planning and learning the previous lessons from SARS and MERS, healthcare systems could succeed in combating the viral spread and implications of these new pandemics. Different management strategies including social distance, social awareness and isolation represented successful ways to slow down the spread of the pandemic. Furthermore, pre-preparedness of some countries for emergencies is crucial to minimize the consequences of the crisis. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165813 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17165813 id: cord-310197-gwhb2e6q author: Khan, Ali S title: Health security in 2014: building on preparedness knowledge for emerging health threats date: 2014-07-02 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673614602609 doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(14)60260-9 id: cord-261938-ls363vud author: Khan, Farah title: Refugee and Migrant Children’s Mental Healthcare: Serving the Voiceless, Invisible, and the Vulnerable Global Citizens date: 2020-08-22 words: 3911.0 sentences: 186.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261938-ls363vud.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261938-ls363vud.txt summary: In assessing medical fitness and healthcare mediations for refugees and migrant children, special consideration should be given to certain areas such as their distinct history, whether they are with their family or separated or unaccompanied, and whether they have been peddled or have been left behind. Children''s right to medical care is guaranteed by all the world leaders and Member States of the WHO European Region and is compiled in the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), a convention guaranteeing the highest attainable standard of healthcare and treatment of illness and rehabilitation of the refugee, migrant, and asylum-seeking children similar to the children native to the host country [3] . A study reports of unaccompanied refugee and migrant children who were arriving in Germany with multidrug-resistant bacteria colonization at higher rates, and other records of a surge of measles, which is vaccine-preventable, have also been seen in asylum-seeking juveniles [14, 15] . abstract: Millions of children are on the run worldwide, with many unaccompanied children and adolescents undertaking risky journeys to flee war, adverse circumstances, and political persecution. The grueling journey and multiple stressors faced by the refugee children, both accompanied and unaccompanied during the pre-migration, migration, and in the country of destination, increase their risk for psychiatric disorders and other medical conditions. Unaccompanied refugee migrant children have higher prevalence of mental health disorders than accompanied refugee peers. Long after reaching the host country, the refugee, migrant, and asylum-seeking juveniles continue to face adversities in the form of acculturation. In assessing medical fitness and healthcare mediations for refugees and migrant children, special consideration should be given to certain areas such as their distinct history, whether they are with their family or separated or unaccompanied, and whether they have been peddled or have been left behind. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32968603/ doi: 10.7759/cureus.9944 id: cord-285083-nkrw2sad author: Khosla, Rajat title: Global health and human rights for a postpandemic world date: 2020-08-20 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003548 doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003548 id: cord-252947-giijfhbz author: Khubone, Thokozani title: Electronic Health Information Systems to Improve Disease Diagnosis and Management at Point-of-Care in Low and Middle Income Countries: A Narrative Review date: 2020-05-20 words: 3616.0 sentences: 175.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252947-giijfhbz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252947-giijfhbz.txt summary: title: Electronic Health Information Systems to Improve Disease Diagnosis and Management at Point-of-Care in Low and Middle Income Countries: A Narrative Review This review provides an overview of literature on EHIS''s with a focus on describing the key components of EHIS and presenting evidence on enablers and barriers to implementation of EHISs in LMICs. With guidance from the presented evidence, we proposed EHIS key stakeholders'' roles and responsibilities to ensure efficient utility of EHIS for disease diagnosis and management at POC in LMICs. The health sector is lagging behind in the era of information and technology (IT). There are various factors impeding the successful implementation and scale up of EHIS in LMICs. These include the following: complexity of the intervention and lack of technical consensus; limited human resource, poor leadership, insufficient finances, staff resistance, lack of management, low organizational capability; misapplication of proven diffusion techniques; non engagement of both local users and inadequate use of research findings when implementing [36] . abstract: The purpose of an electronic health information system (EHIS) is to support health care workers in providing health care services to an individual client and to enable data exchange among service providers. The demand to explore the use of EHIS for diagnosis and management of communicable and non-communicable diseases has increased dramatically due to the volume of patient data and the need to retain patients in care. In addition, the advent of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in high disease burdened low and middle income countries (LMICs) has increased the need for robust EHIS to enable efficient surveillance of the pandemic. EHIS has potential to enable efficient delivery of disease diagnostics services at point-of-care (POC) and reduce medical errors. This review provides an overview of literature on EHIS’s with a focus on describing the key components of EHIS and presenting evidence on enablers and barriers to implementation of EHISs in LMICs. With guidance from the presented evidence, we proposed EHIS key stakeholders’ roles and responsibilities to ensure efficient utility of EHIS for disease diagnosis and management at POC in LMICs. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10050327 doi: 10.3390/diagnostics10050327 id: cord-011818-z89m8dur author: Ki, Jison title: Association between Health Problems and Turnover Intention in Shift Work Nurses: Health Problem Clustering date: 2020-06-24 words: 5351.0 sentences: 280.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-011818-z89m8dur.txt txt: ./txt/cord-011818-z89m8dur.txt summary: Using multiple ordinal logistic regressions analysis, it was shown that sleep disturbance, depression, fatigue, a gastrointestinal disorder, and leg or foot discomfort as a single health problem significantly increased turnover intention. In this study, we used data collected from October 2018 to January 2019 (NRN T1, n = 204) and from March 2018 to May 2018 (ERN T1, n = 300) to analyze the association between health problems and turnover intention among shift work nurses. In this analysis, we defined shift work as a In this study, we used data collected from October 2018 to January 2019 (NRN T1, n = 204) and from March 2018 to May 2018 (ERN T1, n = 300) to analyze the association between health problems and turnover intention among shift work nurses. The SWNHT study questionnaire included questions regarding general and job-related characteristics, health-related variables (e.g., dietary habits, menstrual symptoms, exposure to blood and body fluid, sleep, fatigue, depression, physical activity, etc.), occupational stress, presenteeism, and turnover intention. abstract: Shift work nurses experience multiple health problems due to irregular shifts and heavy job demands. However, the comorbidity patterns of nurses’ health problems and the association between health problems and turnover intention have rarely been studied. This study aimed to identify and cluster shift work nurses’ health problems and to reveal the associations between health problems and turnover intention. In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed data from 500 nurses who worked at two tertiary hospitals in Seoul, South Korea. Data, including turnover intention and nine types of health issues, were collected between March 2018 and April 2019. Hierarchical clustering and multiple ordinal logistic regressions were used for the data analysis. Among the participants, 22.2% expressed turnover intention and the mean number of health problems was 4.5 (range 0–9). Using multiple ordinal logistic regressions analysis, it was shown that sleep disturbance, depression, fatigue, a gastrointestinal disorder, and leg or foot discomfort as a single health problem significantly increased turnover intention. After clustering the health problems, four clusters were identified and only the neuropsychological cluster—sleep disturbance, fatigue, and depression—significantly increased turnover intention. We propose that health problems within the neuropsychological cluster must receive close attention and be addressed simultaneously to decrease nurse’s turnover intentions. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7345885/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17124532 id: cord-018026-n5gk1xhb author: Kickbusch, Ilona title: Policy Innovations for Health date: 2008-09-26 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: We are at a turning point in health policy. It has become increasingly clear that changes in the existing health care system will not be sufficient to maintain and improve our health at this historical juncture. Both our extensive knowledge on what creates health as well as the exponentially rising rates of chronic disease obesity, and mental health problems indicate that we need to shift course and apply a radically new mind-set to health and health policy. This is what we mean by policy innovations for health. The boundaries of what we call the “health system” are becoming increasingly fluid and health has become integral to how we live our everyday life. Health itself has become a major economic and social driving force in society. This shifts the pressure for policy innovation from a focus on the existing health system to a reorganization of how we approach health in 21st century societies. The dynamics of the health society challenge the way we conceptualize and locate health in the policy arena and the mechanisms through which we conduct health policy. They also redefine who should be involved in the policy process. This concern is beginning to be addressed within government through Health in All Policy approaches and beyond government through new partnerships for health. Most importantly, the role of citizen and patient is being redefined – a development that will probably lead to the most significant of the policy innovations for health in the 21st century. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7122768/ doi: 10.1007/978-0-387-79876-9_1 id: cord-303385-2jjg8qw6 author: Kiendrébéogo, Joël Arthur title: Policy learning and Universal Health Coverage in low- and middle-income countries date: 2020-07-21 words: 6634.0 sentences: 320.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303385-2jjg8qw6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303385-2jjg8qw6.txt summary: This article draws on an analytical framework proposed by Dunlop and Radaelli, whereby they identified four learning modes that can emerge according to the specific characteristics of the policy process: epistemic learning, learning in the shadow of hierarchy, learning through bargaining and reflexive learning. Epistemic learning takes several configurations in our ''collective action for UHC'' in LMICs. Epistemic learning encompasses situations such as (1) reading a policy-brief or even a scientific article, particularly a systematic review or a metaanalysis; (2) attending national, regional or international meetings or training workshops; (3) the release of conceptual or analytical frameworks to better understand the concept of UHC or its linkages with health system pillarsexamples include the health financing functions [50, 51] or the ''UHC cube'' [1] ; or (4) specialist agencies or researchers sharing lessons learned in other countries [3, 52] or developing policy guidance notes on how to move quickly towards UHC [53] [54] [55] . abstract: Learning is increasingly seen as an essential component to spur progress towards universal health coverage (UHC) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, learning remains an elusive concept, with different understandings and uses that vary from one person or organisation to another. Specifically, it appears that ‘learning for UHC’ is dominated by the teacher mode — notably scientists and experts as ‘teachers’ conveying to local decision/policy-makers as ‘learners’ what to do. This article shows that, to meet countries’ needs, it is important to acknowledge that UHC learning situations are not restricted to the most visible epistemic learning approach practiced today. This article draws on an analytical framework proposed by Dunlop and Radaelli, whereby they identified four learning modes that can emerge according to the specific characteristics of the policy process: epistemic learning, learning in the shadow of hierarchy, learning through bargaining and reflexive learning. These learning modes look relevant to help widen the learning prospects that LMICs need to advance their UHC agenda. Actually, they open up new perspectives in a research field that, until now, has appeared scattered and relatively blurry. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-020-00591-z doi: 10.1186/s12961-020-00591-z id: cord-276439-5x59kfb3 author: Kieny, Marie Paule title: Strengthening health systems for universal health coverage and sustainable development date: 2017-07-01 words: 2010.0 sentences: 145.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276439-5x59kfb3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276439-5x59kfb3.txt summary: 2 Goal 3 (to ensure healthy lives and promote wellbeing for all at all ages), with Target 3.8 on universal health coverage (UHC), emphasize the importance of all people and communities having access to quality health services without risking financial hardship. One way UHC contributes to the SDGs is by promoting global public health security and it does so by increasing the resilience of health systems to respond to health threats that spread within as well as across national borders. Fourth, through the development of health systems that create fair, trustworthy and responsive social institutions, health system strengthening directly contributes to SDG 16 (promote inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions for all). The Lancet Commission on Investing in Health reported that around one quarter of economic growth between 2000 and 2011 in low-and middle-income countries resulted from the value added by improvements in the health of the population. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.2471/blt.16.187476 doi: 10.2471/blt.16.187476 id: cord-012515-dxu7ajse author: Kim, Sookyung title: Prioritizing Training Needs of School Health Staff: The Example of Vietnam date: 2020-08-01 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Competencies of school health staff (SHS) members, including school nurses, are crucial to improving child and adolescent health. In Vietnam, although SHS members are dispatched to schools, they have limited training opportunities. This study identified SHS members’ training needs in a province of Vietnam. A cross-sectional, online survey was conducted with 204 SHS members. The performance and importance of SHS members’ competencies were measured using 59-items and rated by a 5-point Likert scale. SHS members’ training priorities were analyzed using the Borich Needs Assessment and the Locus for Focus model. Controlling infectious disease was the highest training priority while implementing health promotion programs was of relatively low priority. The high-priority training needs identified could be rendered mandatory in policy for continuing education of SHS members. Awareness of the importance of health promotion, which has been emphasized globally, should also be promoted via school health policy. These findings could guide development of future training programs for SHS members. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7432740/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17155563 id: cord-256537-axbyav1m author: Kimball, Ann Marie title: Emergence of Novel Human Infections: New Insights and New Challenges date: 2016-10-24 words: 4979.0 sentences: 283.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256537-axbyav1m.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256537-axbyav1m.txt summary: In reviewing the new challenges posed by these emergent events, new technologies promise some answers; however, global health security against pandemic threats, particularly given the uneven distribution of global resources for prevention, detection, and response, remains a critical area of challenge. Specifically: (1) it is now well appreciated that influenza can migrate directly from avian sources to humans, and the appreciation of the actual directness of ''species jumping'' has moved forward; (2) new infections have also introduced uncertainty in transmission dynamics with emphasis on super-spreader events as well as nosocomial transmission; (3) infectious particles are not confined to those organisms which contain genetic material; (4) a new paradigm such as ''Planetary Health'' may be necessary for defining these trends; and (5) global preparedness and response is not in place for the next pandemic. To summarize, the recent episodes of respiratory infectious diseases related to influenza, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV have demonstrated increasingly direct links between animal and human infections, agile intercontinental geographic spread, and complex transmission dynamics including ''superspreader'' events. abstract: Novel human infections have continued to emerge over the past decade. Their presentation, epidemiology, and microbiology have shifted the paradigms of traditional science. In particular insights into nongenetic or paragenetic mechanisms (plasmid mediated), modes of infection have challenged biology. In reviewing the new challenges posed by these emergent events, new technologies promise some answers; however, global health security against pandemic threats, particularly given the uneven distribution of global resources for prevention, detection, and response, remains a critical area of challenge. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/B9780128036785001533 doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-803678-5.00153-3 id: cord-290749-822g6n1d author: Kimball, Ann Marie title: Regional Infectious Disease Surveillance Networks and their Potential to Facilitate the Implementation of the International Health Regulations date: 2008-11-30 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The International Health Regulations (IHR) 2005 present a challenge and opportunity for global surveillance and control of infectious diseases. This article examines the opportunity for regional networks to address this challenge. Two regional infectious disease surveillance networks, established in the Mekong Basin and the Middle East, are presented as case studies. The public-private partnerships in the networks have led to an upgrade in infectious disease surveillance systems in capacity building, purchasing technology equipment, sharing of information, and development of preparedness plans in combating avian influenza. These regional networks have become an appropriate infrastructure for the implementation of the IHR 2005. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2008.06.001 doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2008.06.001 id: cord-283392-hend9ale author: Klaus, Joachim title: Disinfection of aircraft: Appropriate disinfectants and standard operating procedures for highly infectious diseases date: 2016-10-26 words: 2345.0 sentences: 114.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283392-hend9ale.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283392-hend9ale.txt summary: Although, basic advice on hygiene and sanitation on board an aircraft is given by the World Health Organization, these guidelines lack details on available and effective substances as well as standardized operating procedures (SOP). Although, basic advice on hygiene and sanitation on board an aircraft is given by the World Health Organization, these guidelines lack details on available and effective substances as well as standardized operating procedures (SOP). The purpose of this paper is to give guidance on the choice of substances that were tested by a laboratory of Lufthansa Technik and found compatible with aircraft components, as well as to describe procedures which ensure a safe and efficient disinfection of civil aircrafts. The purpose of this paper is to give guidance on the choice of substances that were tested by a laboratory of Lufthansa Technik and found compatible with aircraft components, as well as to describe procedures which ensure a safe and efficient disinfection of civil aircrafts. abstract: For infectious diseases caused by highly pathogenic agents (e. g., Ebola/Lassa fever virus, SARS-/MERS-CoV, pandemic influenza virus) which have the potential to spread over several continents within only a few days, international Health Protection Authorities have taken appropriate measures to limit the consequences of a possible spread. A crucial point in this context is the disinfection of an aircraft that had a passenger on board who is suspected of being infected with one of the mentioned diseases. Although, basic advice on hygiene and sanitation on board an aircraft is given by the World Health Organization, these guidelines lack details on available and effective substances as well as standardized operating procedures (SOP). The purpose of this paper is to give guidance on the choice of substances that were tested by a laboratory of Lufthansa Technik and found compatible with aircraft components, as well as to describe procedures which ensure a safe and efficient disinfection of civil aircrafts. This guidance and the additional SOPs are made public and are available as mentioned in this paper. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27785522/ doi: 10.1007/s00103-016-2460-2 id: cord-301479-dc1oyftd author: Koehlmoos, Tracey Pérez title: Global Health: Chronic Diseases and Other Emergent Issues in Global Health date: 2011-09-30 words: 7336.0 sentences: 338.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301479-dc1oyftd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301479-dc1oyftd.txt summary: This article discusses emergent issues in global health related to noncommunicable diseases and conditions, with focus on defining the unique epidemiologic features and relevant programmatic, health systems, and policy responses concerning noncommunicable chronic diseases, mental health, accidents and injuries, urbanization, climate change, and disaster preparedness. Trying to offer an in-depth discussion on such a wide range of issues in just one article is clearly not possible, and therefore focus and emphasis is given to defining the unique epidemiologic features and relevant programmatic, health systems, and policy responses concerning noncommunicable chronic diseases (NCDs), mental health, accidents and injuries, urbanization, climate change, and disaster preparedness. 1, 11 Low-income and middle-income countries have developed their health provision and policies according to a primary care or Alma Ata model, focused on meeting the needs of pregnant women and children younger than 5 years, and developing services for a variety of high-impact communicable diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria. abstract: Infectious diseases have had a decisive and rapid impact on shaping and changing health policy. Noncommunicable diseases, while not garnering as much interest or importance over the past 20 years, have been affecting public health around the world in a steady and critical way, becoming the leading cause of death in developed and developing countries. This article discusses emergent issues in global health related to noncommunicable diseases and conditions, with focus on defining the unique epidemiologic features and relevant programmatic, health systems, and policy responses concerning noncommunicable chronic diseases, mental health, accidents and injuries, urbanization, climate change, and disaster preparedness. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21896363/ doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2011.05.008 id: cord-283116-ib5c3lbi author: Koh, David title: Occupational health responses to COVID‐19: What lessons can we learn from SARS? date: 2020-05-13 words: 3389.0 sentences: 204.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283116-ib5c3lbi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283116-ib5c3lbi.txt summary: Among the insights gained from the past outbreaks were: outbreaks caused by viruses are hazardous to healthcare workers; the impact of the disease extends beyond the infection; general principles of prevention and control are effective in containing the disease; the disease poses both a public health as well as an occupational health threat; and emerging infectious diseases pose a continuing threat to the world. Among the insights gained from the past outbreaks were: outbreaks caused by viruses are hazardous to healthcare workers; the impact of the disease extends beyond the infection; general principles of prevention and control are effective in containing the disease; the disease poses both a public health as well as an occupational health threat; and emerging infectious diseases pose a continuing threat to the world. coronavirus, COVID-19, health care, occupational health, outbreaks, public health, SARS-CoV-2 confirmed cases and over 62 000 deaths spread over 200 countries and territories. abstract: On 31 December 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) received reports of pneumonia cases of unknown etiology in the city of Wuhan in Hubei Province, China. The agent responsible was subsequently identified as a coronavirus—SARS‐CoV‐2. The WHO declared this disease as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern at the end of January 2020. This event evoked a sense of déjà vu, as it has many similarities to the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) of 2002‐2003. Both illnesses were caused by a zoonotic novel coronavirus, both originated during winter in China and both spread rapidly all over the world. However, the case‐fatality rate of SARS (9.6%) is higher than that of COVID‐19 (<4%). Another zoonotic novel coronavirus, MERS‐CoV, was responsible for the Middle East respiratory syndrome, which had a case‐fatality rate of 34%. Our experiences in coping with the previous coronavirus outbreaks have better equipped us to face the challenges posed by COVID‐19, especially in the health care setting. Among the insights gained from the past outbreaks were: outbreaks caused by viruses are hazardous to healthcare workers; the impact of the disease extends beyond the infection; general principles of prevention and control are effective in containing the disease; the disease poses both a public health as well as an occupational health threat; and emerging infectious diseases pose a continuing threat to the world. Given the perspectives gained and lessons learnt from these past events, we should be better prepared to face the current COVID‐19 outbreak. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32515882/ doi: 10.1002/1348-9585.12128 id: cord-006037-we1rp0pa author: Koh, Howard K. title: Leadership in public health date: 2009 words: 6342.0 sentences: 405.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-006037-we1rp0pa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-006037-we1rp0pa.txt summary: In fact, recent years have seen a crescendo of calls to reinvigorate leadership education and training, because "today, the need for leaders is too great to leave their emergence to chance." 3-5 Such leaders could help further social justice and the common good by promoting the values captured in the preamble to the Constitution of the World Health Organization-"the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of every human being." 6 To advance such training, the Association of Schools of Public Health has identified leadership as a core competency area in the Master of Public Health Competency Model for 2007. By working between and above the levels of leadership of self, others and organizations, these transcendent leaders can ultimately shift the paradigm from "no hope" to "new hope" and create a renewed sense of community. abstract: The modern public health model for leadership will unlikely be the omniscient figure with easy answers.51 Rather the public health leader of the future may well be the transcendent, collaborative «servant leader»(50,52) who knits and aligns disparate voices together behind a common mission. They pinpoint passion and compassion, promote servant leadership, acknowledge the unfamiliar, the ambiguous, and the paradoxical, communicate succinctly to reframe, and understand the «public» part of public health leadership. By working between and above the levels of leadership of self, others and organizations, these transcendent leaders can ultimately shift the paradigm from «no hope» to «new hope» and create a renewed sense of community. Such leadership will be vital as the 21st century progresses. Beginning the journey to new hope may start by motivating underdogs who nurture the spirit, discover a passion to serve, cultivate interdependence, and create uncommon bonds. These emerging leaders can tap into their unique talents, passion, and compassion to promote a mission of «the highest attainable standard of health» for all, in every community. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7097219/ doi: 10.1007/bf03182303 id: cord-017349-eu1gvjlx author: Koh, Howard K. title: Disaster Preparedness and Social Capital date: 2008 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The first decade of the 21st century has pushed the field of disaster preparedness to the forefront of public health. In a few short years, the world has witnessed the far–ranging ramifications of 9/11 and anthrax (2001), SARS (2003), the Indian Ocean tsunami (2004), Hurricane Katrina (2005) and the looming threat of pandemic influenza. Societies everywhere are responding to these developments with new policies that commit added resources for protection against future disasters. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7121889/ doi: 10.1007/978-0-387-71311-3_13 id: cord-321436-8ngeaoid author: Komro, Kelli A. title: The Centrality of Law for Prevention date: 2020-08-17 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32804333/ doi: 10.1007/s11121-020-01155-x id: cord-260629-ml1qjipn author: Kopelovich, Sarah L. title: Community Mental Health Care Delivery During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Practical Strategies for Improving Care for People with Serious Mental Illness date: 2020-06-19 words: 7371.0 sentences: 299.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-260629-ml1qjipn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260629-ml1qjipn.txt summary: These include offering a spectrum of options for remote and in-person care, greater integration of behavioral and physical healthcare, prevention of viral exposure, increased collaborative decision-making related to long-acting injectable and clozapine use, modifying safety plans and psychiatric advance directives to include new technologies and broader support systems, leveraging natural supports, and integration of digital health interventions. Outreach teams should meet outside the residence in well-ventilated areas, to visually assess how the person is doing, present as a familiar and comforting supportive social visit, model and reinforce behaviors, deliver medications, and provide an in-person demonstration of how to use smartphones or other devices to engage in e-mental health. Several targets for assessment and treatment should be prioritized for both new and existing clients, including safety assessment and management, psychological and pharmacotherapeutic strategies to manage psychiatric symptoms and co-occurring substance use disorders, assessment and management of physical health, and augmenting care by enlisting natural supports and employing asynchronous digital health interventions. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has presented a formidable challenge to care continuity for community mental health clients with serious mental illness and for providers who have had to quickly pivot the modes of delivering critical services. Despite these challenges, many of the changes implemented during the pandemic can and should be maintained. These include offering a spectrum of options for remote and in-person care, greater integration of behavioral and physical healthcare, prevention of viral exposure, increased collaborative decision-making related to long-acting injectable and clozapine use, modifying safety plans and psychiatric advance directives to include new technologies and broader support systems, leveraging natural supports, and integration of digital health interventions. This paper represents the authors’ collaborative attempt to both reflect the changes to clinical practice we have observed in CMHCs across the US during this pandemic and to suggest how these changes can align with best practices identified in the empirical literature. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32562033/ doi: 10.1007/s10597-020-00662-z id: cord-015552-pm9kdqdw author: Kreuder-Sonnen, Christian title: China vs the WHO: a behavioural norm conflict in the SARS crisis date: 2019-05-01 words: 8263.0 sentences: 390.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-015552-pm9kdqdw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-015552-pm9kdqdw.txt summary: On the one hand, the established norm of sovereignty, particularly the principle of non-interference, had structured a regime for dealing with infectious disease outbreaks that provided ground rules of conduct but ascribed decision-making authority to member states alone. 33 This sediment of the unfinished IHR revision process reveals the limited degree to which the emerging norm of global health security had been accepted prior to the SARS outbreak: the powers conferred upon the WHO to deal with infectious disease outbreaks remained extremely limited and-apart from the outbreak information issue-mostly subject to member-state agreement. 35 This section of the article analyses the actions of China and the WHO during the SARS crisis as representing a behavioural norm conflict over the relative priority of sovereignty and global health security. abstract: This article studies a conflict over two competing norms in which the actors demonstrated incompatible positions not through arguments, but through actions. During the SARS crisis, China and the World Health Organization (WHO) entered a norm conflict over the precedence of sovereignty or global health security. Both resorted to behavioural, not discursive contestation: while the WHO practically but not rhetorically challenged the sovereignty norm by acting according to the norm of global health security, China—without openly acknowledging it—contravened the basic principles of global health security by acting according to the overlapping sovereignty norm. Why and with what consequences do actors choose to contest norms through actions rather than words? The article accounts for the resort to behavioural contestation by pointing to the strategic advantages it offers for furthering a contentious norm understanding without facing the social costs of making it explicit. It furthermore highlights that behavioural contestation may feed back into and change the odds of discursive contestation as its practical effects provide rhetorical resources to (de-)legitimate one or the other position. The propositions are illustrated in the interactions of China and the WHO during the SARS crisis and the subsequent norm development. This article forms part of the special section of the May 2019 issue of International Affairs on ‘The dynamics of dissent’, guest-edited by Anette Stimmer and Lea Wisken. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7108605/ doi: 10.1093/ia/iiz022 id: cord-276428-oy8e2cpx author: Krishnan, Lakshmi title: Historical Insights on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), the 1918 Influenza Pandemic, and Racial Disparities: Illuminating a Path Forward date: 2020-06-05 words: 5436.0 sentences: 303.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276428-oy8e2cpx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276428-oy8e2cpx.txt summary: This commentary examines the historical arc of the 1918 influenza pandemic, focusing on black Americans and showing the complex and sometimes surprising ways it operated, triggering particular responses both within a minority community and in wider racial, sociopolitical, and public health structures. This commentary examines the historical arc of the 1918 influenza pandemic, focusing on black Americans and showing the complex and sometimes surprising ways it operated, triggering particular re-sponses both within a minority community and in wider racial, sociopolitical, and public health structures. We examine the historical arc of the 1918 influenza pandemic, focusing on black Americans and showing the complex, sometimes surprising ways it triggered particular responses both within a minority community and in wider racial, sociopolitical, and public health structures. Although the influenza pandemic does not reveal ready associations between deleterious social, cultural, and economic conditions and poor outcomes (aside from higher case-fatality rate) for black Americans, the gaps in historical documentation may reflect inherent disparities and consequences of limited racial/ethnic data collection. abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is exacting a disproportionate toll on ethnic minority communities and magnifying existing disparities in health care access and treatment. To understand this crisis, physicians and public health researchers have searched history for insights, especially from a great outbreak approximately a century ago: the 1918 influenza pandemic. However, of the accounts examining the 1918 influenza pandemic and COVID-19, only a notable few discuss race. Yet, a rich, broader scholarship on race and epidemic disease as a “sampling device for social analysis” exists. This commentary examines the historical arc of the 1918 influenza pandemic, focusing on black Americans and showing the complex and sometimes surprising ways it operated, triggering particular responses both within a minority community and in wider racial, sociopolitical, and public health structures. This analysis reveals that critical structural inequities and health care gaps have historically contributed to and continue to compound disparate health outcomes among communities of color. Shifting from this context to the present, this article frames a discussion of racial health disparities through a resilience approach rather than a deficit approach and offers a blueprint for approaching the COVID-19 crisis and its afterlives through the lens of health equity. url: https://doi.org/10.7326/m20-2223 doi: 10.7326/m20-2223 id: cord-290351-5sct52t4 author: Kujundžić Tiljak, Mirjana title: Is there a better future of healthy aging? date: 2020-04-17 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32378372/ doi: 10.3325/cmj.2020.61.75 id: cord-035204-64gk4d8p author: Kumar, Ramya title: Zambia field epidemiology training program: strengthening health security through workforce development date: 2020-08-21 words: 3862.0 sentences: 186.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-035204-64gk4d8p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-035204-64gk4d8p.txt summary: The Zambia Field Epidemiology Training Program (ZFETP) was established by the Ministry of Health (MoH) during 2014, in order to increase the number of trained field epidemiologists who can investigate outbreaks, strengthen disease surveillance, and support data-driven decision making. ZFETP description: ZFETP was established by the Zambia MoH in 2014 as a tripartite arrangement: 1) the MoH launched the program within the Department of Disease Surveillance and Response and provided the trainees with field placement sites; 2) the University of Zambia (UNZA) School of Public Health cultivated epidemiologic and biostatistical knowledge through didactic coursework; and 3) the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provided funding, technical guidance and mentorship. During the field placements, the residents receive handson training and experience in evaluating public health surveillance systems, investigating disease outbreaks, and conducting hypothesis-driven epidemiologic analyses that address priority public health issues at local or national levels. abstract: The Zambia Field Epidemiology Training Program (ZFETP) was established by the Ministry of Health (MoH) during 2014, in order to increase the number of trained field epidemiologists who can investigate outbreaks, strengthen disease surveillance, and support data-driven decision making. We describe the ZFETP´s approach to public health workforce development and health security strengthening, key milestones five years after program launch, and recommendations to ensure program sustainability. Program description: ZFETP was established as a tripartite arrangement between the Zambia MoH, the University of Zambia School of Public Health, and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The program runs two tiers: Advanced and Frontline. To date, ZFETP has enrolled three FETP-Advanced cohorts (training 24 residents) and four Frontline cohorts (training 71 trainees). In 2016, ZFETP moved organizationally to the newly established Zambia National Public Health Institute (ZNPHI). This re-positioning raised the program´s profile by providing residents with increased opportunities to lead high-profile outbreak investigations and analyze national surveillance data-achievements that were recognized on a national stage. These successes attracted investment from the Government of Republic of Zambia (GRZ) and donors, thus accelerating field epidemiology workforce capacity development in Zambia. In its first five years, ZFETP achieved early success due in part to commitment from GRZ, and organizational positioning within the newly formed ZNPHI, which have catalyzed ZFETP´s institutionalization. During the next five years, ZFETP seeks to sustain this momentum by expanding training of both tiers, in order to accelerate the professional development of field epidemiologists at all levels of the public health system. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7603807/ doi: 10.11604/pamj.2020.36.323.20917 id: cord-279180-xad53zht author: Kumaravel, Santhosh Kumar title: Investigation on the impacts of COVID-19 quarantine on society and environment: Preventive measures and supportive technologies date: 2020-08-17 words: 11396.0 sentences: 653.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279180-xad53zht.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279180-xad53zht.txt summary: The COVID-19 is a respiratory disease that spreads at a maximum rate through droplets of the infected people through the air (World Health Organisation 2020a). • In addition, the incorporation of lockdown with other treatment and prevention measures such as school closures, travel restrictions, and social distancing has had a greater impact on spread prevention, cases requiring critical care beds, and deaths compared with quarantine alone. Machine learning has the potential to support clinicians'' work processing and management of large amounts of medical data contained in electronic health records and used in clinical applications which includes recognizing high-risk patients in need of ICU, the identification of early signs of lung cancer, determination of patient''s respiratory status from X-rays in the chest, such deep learning approaches employ neural networks to predict the input-output data relationship. abstract: The present outbreak of the novel coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2, epicentered in China in December 2019, has spread to many other countries. The entire humanity has a vital responsibility to tackle this pandemic and the technologies are being helpful to them to a greater extent. The purpose of the work is to precisely bring scientific and general awareness to the people all around the world who are currently fighting the war against COVID-19. It's visible that the number of people infected is increasing day by day and the medical community is tirelessly working to maintain the situation under control. Other than the negative effects caused by COVID-19, it is also equally important for the public to understand some of the positive impacts it has directly or indirectly given to society. This work emphasizes the various impacts that are created on society as well as the environment. As a special additive, some important key areas are highlighted namely, how the modernized technologies are aiding the people during the period of social distancing. Some effective technological implications carried out by both information technology and educational institutions are highlighted. There are also several steps taken by the state government and central government in each country in adopting the complete lockdown rule. These steps are taken primarily to prevent the people from COVID-19 impact. Moreover, the teachings we need to learn from the quarantine situation created to prevent further spread of this global pandemic is discussed in brief and the importance of carrying them to the future. Finally, the paper also elucidates the general preventive measures that have to be taken to prevent this deadly coronavirus, and the role of technology in this pandemic situation has also been discussed. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s13205-020-02382-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32821645/ doi: 10.1007/s13205-020-02382-3 id: cord-312136-o5xsmg3z author: Kuznetsova, Lidia title: COVID-19: The World Community Expects the World Health Organization to Play a Stronger Leadership and Coordination Role in Pandemics Control date: 2020-09-08 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been accompanied by the return of the concept of national state and exhibited signs of crisis of globalism and liberalism. The pandemic affected most aspects of society and human activity, including socioeconomic impact. Economic problems, shortages of medical supplies and personnel, xenophobic sentiments, and misinformation led to the use of unethical practices and human rights violations. To navigate through this crisis, many countries resorted to traditional diplomacy in the absence of effective international instruments. Thus, the world faced the urgent need in functioning global governance. The pandemic also manifested the increasing importance of international organizations as sources of technical expertise, providing scientific basis for politicians to legitimize their decisions and actions. The article addresses the topic of implications of the pandemic for governance and forecasting a post-pandemic future. The research focus of this paper, therefore, is the assessment of the role of the World Health Organization (WHO) in prevention and response to pandemics. The work is aimed at identifying the functions of the WHO and assessing its activities in prevention and control of pandemics and response to the COVID-19 pandemic in particular. Furthermore, the objective of this article is to identify gaps in the WHO pandemic control efforts and formulate recommendations on addressing them. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00470 doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00470 id: cord-288184-fa1niz51 author: Kwon, Chan-Young title: Using Mind–Body Modalities via Telemedicine during the COVID-19 Crisis: Cases in the Republic of Korea date: 2020-06-22 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic affected the world, and its deleterious effects on human domestic life, society, economics, and especially on human mental health are expected to continue. Mental health experts highlighted health issues this pandemic may cause, such as depression, anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Mind–body intervention, such as mindfulness meditation, has accumulated sufficient empirical evidence supporting the efficacy in improving human mental health states and the use for this purpose has been increasing. Notably, some of these interventions have already been tried in the form of telemedicine or eHealth. Korea, located adjacent to China, was exposed to COVID-19 from a relatively early stage, and today it is evaluated to have been successful in controlling this disease. “The COVID-19 telemedicine center of Korean medicine” has treated more than 20% of the confirmed COVID-19 patients in Korea with telemedicine since 9 March 2020. The center used telemedicine and mind–body modalities (including mindfulness meditation) to improve the mental health of patients diagnosed with COVID-19. In this paper, the telemedicine manual is introduced to provide insights into the development of mental health interventions for COVID-19 and other large-scale disasters in the upcoming new-normal era. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32580396/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17124477 id: cord-018364-b06084r1 author: LaBrunda, Michelle title: The Emerging Threat of Ebola date: 2019-06-07 words: 13502.0 sentences: 795.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-018364-b06084r1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-018364-b06084r1.txt summary: Transmission of Ebola disease is still being studied, but it is known that person-toperson contact is the most common form of spread. One study found the risk of developing EVD for healthcare workers to be 100 times that of the general community during an outbreak of Ebola in Sierra Leone [67] . After the outbreak of SARS in 2003 many countries starting using boarder screening to try to identify possibly ill people in hopes of limiting spread of infectious disease, others jumped on board after the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic. An article by the CDC, published around the same time as the article recommending travel restriction for high-risk individuals, concludes that border screens are expensive and not effective in preventing the spread of disease [100] . Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations for Hospitalized Patients Under Investigation (PUIs) for Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) in U abstract: Ebola is one of the deadliest infectious disease of the modern era. Over 50% of those infected die. Prior to 1976, the disease was unknown. No one knows exactly where it came from, but it is postulated that a mutation in an animal virus allowed it to jump species and infect humans. In 1976 simultaneous outbreaks of Ebola occurred in what is now South Sudan and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). For 20 years, only sporadic cases were seen, but in 1995 a new outbreak occurred killing hundreds in the DRC. Since that time the frequency of these outbreaks has been increasing. It is uncertain why this is occurring, but many associate it with increasing human encroachment into forested areas bringing people and animals into more intimate contact and increased mobility of previously remote population. This chapter will navigate Ebola in the context of global health and security. There are multiple objectives of this chapter. First is to provide a basic understanding of Ebola disease processes and outbreak patterns. Second, is to explore the interplay between social determinants of health and Ebola. The role of technology in spreading Ebola outbreaks will be explained as will Ebola’s potential as a bioweapon. Readers will gain understanding of the link between environmental degradation and Ebola outbreaks. This chapter will be divided into five main sections. These are (1) a case study; (2) Ebola Disease process; (3) Social determinants of health and Ebola; (4) Ebola in the modern era, and (5) the link between Ebola and environmental degradation. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7123219/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-23491-1_6 id: cord-279991-w2aoogjj author: Labrague, Leodoro J. title: Fear of Covid‐19, psychological distress, work satisfaction and turnover intention among frontline nurses date: 2020-09-27 words: 4685.0 sentences: 242.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279991-w2aoogjj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279991-w2aoogjj.txt summary: As unmanaged anxiety or fear related to COVID-19 may potentially lead to long-term effects on nurses'' work performance and job satisfaction, leading to frequent absenteeism and eventual turnover (Lee et al., 2020; , it is critically important to examine whether frontline nurses'' fear of COVID-19 contributes to psychological distress, work satisfaction and intent to leave their organisation and the profession. After adjusting for nurse/unit/hospital characteristics, an increased level of fear of COVID-19 was associated with decreased job satisfaction (β = -0.165; p = 0.01), increased psychological distress (β = 0.464; p = 0.001) and increased organisational (β = 0.298; p = 0.001) and professional (β = 0.219; p = 0.001) turnover intentions. This study investigated the influence of fear of COVID-19 on frontline nurses'' job satisfaction, psychological distress, organisational turnover intention and professional turnover intention. abstract: AIM: To examine the relative influence of fear of COVID‐19 on nurses’ psychological distress, work satisfaction and intent to leave their organisation and the profession. BACKGROUND: The emergence of COVID‐19 has significantly impacted the psychological and mental well‐being of frontline healthcare workers, including nurses. To date, no studies have been conducted examining how this fear of COVID‐19 contributes to health, well‐being and work outcomes in frontline nurses. METHODS: This is a cross‐sectional research design involving 261 frontline nurses in the Philippines. Five standardised scales were used for data collection. RESULTS: Overall, the composite score of the fear of COVID‐19 scale was 19.92. Job role and attendance of COVID‐19‐related training predicted fear of COVID‐19. An increased level of fear of COVID‐19 was associated with decreased job satisfaction, increased psychological distress, and increased organisational and professional turnover intentions. CONCLUSIONS: Frontline nurses who reported not having attended COVID‐19‐related training and those who held part‐time job roles reported increased fears of COVID‐19. Addressing the fear of COVID‐19 may result in improved job outcomes in frontline nurses, such as increased job satisfaction, decreased stress levels and lower intent to leave the organisation and the profession. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Organisational measures are vital to support the mental health of nurses and address their fear of COVID‐19 through peer and social support, psychological and mental support services (e.g., counselling or psychotherapy), provision of training related to COVID‐19, and accurate and regular information updates. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32985046/ doi: 10.1111/jonm.13168 id: cord-331619-63qqrn2w author: Lanteri, Charlotte title: Emerging Infectious Diseases and Antimicrobial Resistance (EIDAR) date: 2019-04-20 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: INTRODUCTION: The Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program’s (IDCRP) Emerging Infectious Diseases and Antimicrobial Resistance (EIDAR) Research Area is a Department of Defense (DoD) clinical research capability that is responsive and adaptive to emerging infectious disease (EID) threats to US military readiness. Among active-duty and other Military Health System (MHS) beneficiaries, EIDAR research is largely focused on evaluating the incidence, risk factors, and acute- and long-term health effects of military-relevant EIDs, especially those caused by high-consequence pathogens or are responsible for outbreaks among US military populations. The EIDAR efforts also address Force Health Protection concerns associated with antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial stewardship practices within the MHS. METHODS: The EIDAR studies utilize the approach of: (1) Preparing for emergent conditions to systematically collect clinical specimens and data and conduct clinical trials to assist the military with a scientifically appropriate response; and (2) Evaluating burden of emergent military-relevant infectious diseases and assessing risks for exposure and development of post-infectious complications and overall impact on military readiness. RESULTS: In response to the Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa, the IDCRP partnered with the National Institutes of Health in developing a multicenter, randomized safety and efficacy study of investigational therapeutics in Ebola patients. Subsequently, the EIDAR team developed a protocol to serve as a contingency plan (EpICC-EID) to allow clinical research activities to occur during future outbreaks of viral hemorrhagic fever and severe acute respiratory infections among MHS patients. The EIDAR portfolio recently expanded to include studies to understand exposure risks and impact on military readiness for a diversity of EIDs, such as seroincidence of non-Lyme disease borreliosis and Coccidioides fungal infections among high-risk military populations. The team also launched a new prospective study in response to the recent Zika epidemic to conduct surveillance for Zika and other related viruses among MHS beneficiaries in Puerto Rico. Another new study will prospectively follow U.S. Marines via an online health assessment survey to assess long-term health effects following the largest DoD Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli outbreak at the U.S. Marine Corps Recruit Depot-San Diego. In cooperation with the Trauma-Related Infections Research Area, the EIDAR Research Area is also involved with the Multidrug-Resistant and Virulent Organisms Trauma Infections Initiative, which is a collaborative effort across DoD laboratories to characterize bacterial and fungal isolates infecting combat-related extremity wounds and link lab findings to clinical outcomes. Furthermore, the EIDAR team has developed an Antimicrobial Resistance and Stewardship Collaborative Clinical Research Consortium, comprised of Infectious Disease and Pharmacy specialists. CONCLUSIONS: The EIDAR Research Area is responsive to military-relevant infectious disease threats that are also frequently global public health concerns. Several new EIDAR efforts are underway that will provide Combatant Command Surgeons, Infectious Diseases Service Chiefs, and other Force Health Protection stakeholders with epidemiological information to mitigate the impact of EIDs and antimicrobial resistance on the health of U.S. military service members and their dependents. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31004432/ doi: 10.1093/milmed/usz081 id: cord-008219-ng9xb46c author: Lassmann, Britta title: Highlights from the 6(th) International Meeting on Emerging Diseases and Surveillance (IMED 2016) Vienna, Austria from Nov 3 to 7, 2016 date: 2016-12-09 words: 2518.0 sentences: 131.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-008219-ng9xb46c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-008219-ng9xb46c.txt summary: c o m / l o c a t e / i j i d During the oral abstract presentation session on One Health -Diseases Across Species Boundaries, Toph Allen from EcoHealth Alliance and colleagues shared results from an updated model assessing the global distribution of zoonotic emerging infectious disease risk. Professor [ 1 7 _ T D $ D I F F ] Daniel Lucey summarized the commissions'' recommendations including the importance of strengthening national health systems, consolidating and strengthening World Health Organization (WHO) emergency and outbreak response activities, and enhancing research and development. In a separate session, the challenges posed by climate change on infectious disease outbreaks and how to best prevent and track diseases in mobile populations were discussed. The importance of the food chain as a source for emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance between animals and humans was highlighted in a nation-wide study in Lebanon. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7129744/ doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.12.008 id: cord-016387-ju4130bq author: Last, John title: A Brief History of Advances Toward Health date: 2005 words: 5464.0 sentences: 252.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-016387-ju4130bq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-016387-ju4130bq.txt summary: From time to time, this steady drain on long life and good health was punctuated by great and terrifying epidemics-smallpox, typhus, influenza, and, most terrible of all, the plague, or the "black death." The causes of these periodic devastations, the contributing reasons to why they happened, were a mystery. After Fracastorius, the pathfinders on the road to health became numerous, but mention here will be made of only a handful of public health heroes: Paracelsus, John Graunt, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Bernardino Ramazzini, James Lind, Edward Jenner, Johann Peter Frank, John Snow, Ignaz Semmelweiss, and Louis Pasteur. Many others belong in their company: The great German pathologist Rudolph Virchow recognized that political action as well as rational science are necessary to initiate effective action to control public health problems; Edwin Chadwick and Lemuel Shattuck reported on the appalling sanitary conditions associated with the unacceptably high infant and child death rates that prevailed in 19 th century industrial towns; William Farr established vital statistics in England as a model for other nations to follow. abstract: Three major discoveries determined the health and history of the human species. The first occurred almost a million years ago, when our hominid precursors discovered how to use fire to cook the meat they had hunted. They found that cooked meat tasted better, it didn’t go bad so quickly, and eating it was less likely to make them ill. Our understanding of nutrition, a basic tenet of public health science, and the art of cooking have been improving ever since. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7120648/ doi: 10.1007/0-387-24103-5_1 id: cord-298003-6yvcl92q author: Lawrence, Roderick J. title: Responding to COVID-19: What’s the Problem? date: 2020-06-05 words: 2368.0 sentences: 90.0 pages: flesch: 32.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298003-6yvcl92q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298003-6yvcl92q.txt summary: In addition to knowledge and know-how acquired from biological, ecological, health, medical and veterinary sciences, this pandemic confirms the crucial function and contribution of access to many types of resources when they are needed; in particular, sufficient stocks of medical equipment; hospital wards with specialised infrastructure; replenished supplies of pharmaceutical products; adequate numbers of trained and qualified medical doctors, nursing staff and auxiliary personnel in hospitals, medical centres and nursing homes for elderly persons and coordinated uses of all these resources when the virus is first diagnosed in specific localities. Ironically, many advocates of laissez-faire and neo-liberal economics now expect governments to intervene to support private enterprises that are financially fragile or bankrupt, Fig. 1 1 Effective responses to the complexity, emergence and uncertainty of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and the compound nature of health, economic and social impacts of COVID-19 require understanding and implementing the virtuous relations between disciplinary knowledge and professional know-how, several types of resources, coordinated multi-level governance, and individual and collective behaviours that should be combined in transdisciplinary contributions. abstract: This commentary argues that the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 pandemic should be considered as a transdisciplinary societal challenge that requires coordinated systemic thinking and actions in the context of uncertainty. Responses to the propagation of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and the health, economic and social impacts of Covid-19 are complex, emergent and unpredictable. We describe the virtuous relations between three prerequisite conditions—multilevel governance, knowledge and types of resources and individual and collective behaviours—that should be combined in transdisciplinary responses. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-020-00456-4 doi: 10.1007/s11524-020-00456-4 id: cord-267485-1fu1blu0 author: Lazarus, Ross title: Distributed data processing for public health surveillance date: 2006-09-19 words: 4773.0 sentences: 182.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267485-1fu1blu0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267485-1fu1blu0.txt summary: All PHI in this system is initially processed within the secured infrastructure of the health care provider that collects and holds the data, using uniform software distributed and supported by the NDP. In the more traditional type of system, individual patient records, often containing potentially identifiable information, such as date of birth and exact or approximate home address, are transferred, usually in electronic form, preferably through some secured method, to a central secured repository, where statistical tools can be used to develop and refine surveillance procedures. These standard line lists are used most often to support requests by public health agencies for additional information about the individual cases that contribute to clusters identified in the aggregate data. In our experience, such requests involve only a tiny fraction of the data that would be transferred in a centralized surveillance model, providing adequate support for public health with minimal risk of inadvertent disclosure of identifiable PHI. abstract: BACKGROUND: Many systems for routine public health surveillance rely on centralized collection of potentially identifiable, individual, identifiable personal health information (PHI) records. Although individual, identifiable patient records are essential for conditions for which there is mandated reporting, such as tuberculosis or sexually transmitted diseases, they are not routinely required for effective syndromic surveillance. Public concern about the routine collection of large quantities of PHI to support non-traditional public health functions may make alternative surveillance methods that do not rely on centralized identifiable PHI databases increasingly desirable. METHODS: The National Bioterrorism Syndromic Surveillance Demonstration Program (NDP) is an example of one alternative model. All PHI in this system is initially processed within the secured infrastructure of the health care provider that collects and holds the data, using uniform software distributed and supported by the NDP. Only highly aggregated count data is transferred to the datacenter for statistical processing and display. RESULTS: Detailed, patient level information is readily available to the health care provider to elucidate signals observed in the aggregated data, or for ad hoc queries. We briefly describe the benefits and disadvantages associated with this distributed processing model for routine automated syndromic surveillance. CONCLUSION: For well-defined surveillance requirements, the model can be successfully deployed with very low risk of inadvertent disclosure of PHI – a feature that may make participation in surveillance systems more feasible for organizations and more appealing to the individuals whose PHI they hold. It is possible to design and implement distributed systems to support non-routine public health needs if required. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16984658/ doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-6-235 id: cord-290930-438td98a author: Lazcano-Ponce, Eduardo title: The Contribution of International Agencies to the Control of Communicable Diseases date: 2005-10-08 words: 4281.0 sentences: 172.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290930-438td98a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290930-438td98a.txt summary: The principle strategies include: 1) implementation of mechanisms for international epidemiologic surveillance; 2) use of international law to support the control of communicable diseases; 3) international cooperation on health matters; 4) strategies to strengthen primary care services and health systems in general; 5) promotion of the transfer of resources for research and development from the North to the South. The WHO proposal for modernization of the International Health Regulation includes the following: 1) a mission with a stronger focus on control of infectious diseases, 2) emphasis on broader health care coverage and better access to treatment schemes, 3) global surveillance including data from official and non-official sources, 4) strengthening of national public health systems through the establishment of comparable productivity indicators and outcome measurements, 5) giving priority to the protection of human rights, 6) guidelines for good health governance defined as adoption of the principles of impartiality, objectivity and transparency (13). abstract: Although inequality is often measured through three critical indicators—education, income and life expectancy—health-related differences are also essential elements for explaining levels of equality or inequality in modern societies. Investment and investigation in health also involve inequalities at the global level, and this includes insufficient North-South transfer of funds, technology and expertise in the health field, including the specific area of communicable diseases. Globally, epidemics and outbreaks in any geographic region can represent international public health emergencies, and this type of threat requires a global response. Therefore, given the need to strengthen the global capacity for dealing with threats of infectious diseases, a framework is needed for collaboration on alerting the world to epidemics and responding to public health emergencies. This is necessary to guarantee a high level of security against the dissemination of communicable diseases in an ever more globalized world. In response to these needs, international health agencies have put a number of strategies into practice in order to contribute to the control of communicable diseases in poor countries. The principle strategies include: 1) implementation of mechanisms for international epidemiologic surveillance; 2) use of international law to support the control of communicable diseases; 3) international cooperation on health matters; 4) strategies to strengthen primary care services and health systems in general; 5) promotion of the transfer of resources for research and development from the North to the South. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S018844090500278X doi: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2005.07.002 id: cord-017857-fdn8c4hx author: Leanza, Matthias title: The Darkened Horizon: Two Modes of Organizing Pandemics date: 2018-02-06 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: This chapter deals with the recent darkening of the future horizon in the global fight against pandemics. Since roughly the year 2000, the World Health Organization has collaborated with a large number of local actors and made a concentrated effort to protect the world’s population against emerging infectious diseases, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), swine flu, Ebola and Zika. Although efforts have been made so that the spread of future infectious diseases will be contained through early intervention, the actors in charge anticipate that the extant measures will fail to some degree. They believe it is simply impossible to prevent all pandemics from happening. But steps can and should be taken to lessen the impact of an unavoidable pandemic through emergency preparation. This chapter deals with organizations and organizational networks as key actors in these processes of emergency planning. Without the capacity of organizations to produce binding decisions for their members, which makes planning for an uncertain future possible, pandemic preparedness would not be feasible—especially not on a global scale. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7122534/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-74506-0_11 id: cord-270910-xb746mv5 author: Lebrun-Harris, Lydie A. title: Influenza vaccination among U.S. pediatric patients receiving care from federally funded health centers date: 2020-07-24 words: 5236.0 sentences: 223.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270910-xb746mv5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270910-xb746mv5.txt summary: Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the adjusted prevalence rate ratios for the association between demographic characteristics (age, sex, race/ethnicity, poverty level, urban/rural residence, geographic region), health-related variables (receipt of well-child check-up, asthma diagnosis), and influenza vaccination. The strengths of the study include the use of HRSA datasets which are nationally representative of U.S. individuals who receive primary and preventive care from health centers, as well as the analysis of several sociodemographic characteristics to explore potential disparities in influenza vaccine uptake across pediatric subpopulations in underserved communities. Additional research is needed to further explore patient, family, provider, and organizational factors that may influence influenza vaccination among children receiving care at HRSA-funded health centers. Notwithstanding the limitations mentioned above, this study provides the first nationally representative estimates of influenza vaccination rates among pediatric patients receiving care from HRSA-funded health centers, both overall and for subpopulations based on demographic and health-related factors. abstract: INTRODUCTION: During the 2018–2019 influenza season, vaccination coverage among U.S. children was 62.6%. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of influenza vaccinations among pediatric patients seen in U.S. health centers, and to explore potential disparities in vaccination coverage among subpopulations. Funded by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, these health centers provide primary and preventive care to underserved and vulnerable individuals and families in order to reduce health disparities based on economic, geographic, or cultural barriers. METHODS: Cross-sectional data, analyzed in 2019, came from the most recent waves of the Health Center Patient Survey (2009, 2014). The sample consisted of children ages 2–17 years receiving care from HRSA-funded health centers. The outcome of interest was self- or parent-reported receipt of influenza vaccine in the past year. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the adjusted prevalence rate ratios for the association between demographic characteristics (age, sex, race/ethnicity, poverty level, urban/rural residence, geographic region), health-related variables (receipt of well-child check-up, asthma diagnosis), and influenza vaccination. RESULTS: Influenza vaccination coverage among pediatric health center patients increased from 46.6% in 2009 to 67.8% in 2014. In the adjusted model for 2014, there were few statistically significant differences in vaccination coverage among subpopulation groups, however American Indian/Alaska Native children had 31% increased vaccination coverage compared with non-Hispanic White children (aPRR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.02–1.60) and children living in the South had 26% decreased vaccination coverage compared with those living in the Northeast (aPRR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.54–0.93). CONCLUSIONS: Influenza vaccination coverage among pediatric health center patients in 2014 exceeded the national average (as of 2018–2019), and few differences were found among at-risk subpopulations. HRSA-funded health centers are well-positioned to further increase the vaccination rate among children living in underserved communities. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X20309348 doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.07.021 id: cord-263719-a9mnjr3s author: Lee, A. title: Wuhan novel coronavirus (COVID-19): why global control is challenging? date: 2020-02-29 words: 1276.0 sentences: 101.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263719-a9mnjr3s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263719-a9mnjr3s.txt summary: At this stage, the global spread of COVID-19 acute respiratory disease continues to grow, and the full extent and severity of this outbreak remains to be seen. 7 Once the pathogen has landed in a new country, the likelihood of contagion and spread is dependent on local transmission pathways and the strength of local health protection systems. 8 High-income countries such as the United States and United Kingdom have well-developed health protection systems to detect and respond to communicable disease threats. The other component of well-developed health protection systems are strong infectious disease surveillance systems. The current concerns then regarding the 2019-nCoV outbreak must be for low-and middle-income countries where health protection systems tend to be weaker. In these settings, laboratory resources may be lacking, notification of infectious diseases are often not timely or complete, and their public health infrastructure is often weak. Global infectious disease surveillance and health intelligence abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32111295/ doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.02.001 id: cord-349426-9fuiind8 author: Lee, Albert title: Facing the threat of influenza pandemic - roles of and implications to general practitioners date: 2010-11-02 words: 4071.0 sentences: 203.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-349426-9fuiind8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349426-9fuiind8.txt summary: The experience from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in Hong Kong has shown that general practitioners (GPs) were willing to discharge their duties despite risks of getting infected themselves. GPs could also assist in the development of protocols for primary care management of patients with flu-like illnesses and conduct clinical audits on the standards of preventive and treatment measures. Responce of health services with increasing number of possible flu cases and the existing care of other patients, risk communication, data collection and surveillance, and basic respiratory hygiene practices are all important public health measures. A study in Hong Kong amongst 2,255 health care workers showed that the overall willingness to accept pre-pandemic H5N1 vaccine was only 28.4% during a WHO influenza pandemic alert phase 3 [16] . GPs can also assist in the development of protocols for primary care management of patients with flu-like illnesses in accordance to national guidelines to avoid missing cases while at the same time preventing panics in the community. abstract: The 2009 pandemic of H1N1 influenza, compounded with seasonal influenza, posed a global challenge. Despite the announcement of post-pandemic period on 10 August 2010 by theWHO, H1N1 (2009) virus would continue to circulate as a seasonal virus for some years and national health authorities should remain vigilant due to unpredictable behaviour of the virus. Majority of the world population is living in countries with inadequate resources to purchase vaccines and stockpile antiviral drugs. Basic hygienic measures such as wearing face masks and the hygienic practice of hand washing could reduce the spread of the respiratory viruses. However, the imminent issue is translating these measures into day-to-day practice. The experience from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in Hong Kong has shown that general practitioners (GPs) were willing to discharge their duties despite risks of getting infected themselves. SARS event has highlighted the inadequate interface between primary and secondary care and valuable health care resources were thus inappropriately matched to community needs. There are various ways for GPs to contribute in combating the influenza pandemic. They are prompt in detecting and monitoring epidemics and mini-epidemics of viral illnesses in the community. They can empower and raise the health literacy of the community such as advocating personal hygiene and other precautious measures. GPs could also assist in the development of protocols for primary care management of patients with flu-like illnesses and conduct clinical audits on the standards of preventive and treatment measures. GPs with adequate liaison with public health agencies would facilitate early diagnosis of patients with influenza. In this article, we summarise the primary care actions for phases 4-6 of the pandemic. We shall discuss the novel roles of GPs as alternative source of health care for patients who would otherwise be cared for in the secondary care level. The health care system would thus remain sustainable during the public health crisis. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-10-661 doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-661 id: cord-294884-6l25y6fw author: Lee, Andrew title: COVID19 - The need for Public Health in a time of emergency date: 2020-04-08 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32344272/ doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.03.027 id: cord-337120-irpm5g7g author: Lee, Bruce Y. title: The Role of Internists During Epidemics, Outbreaks, and Bioterrorist Attacks date: 2007-01-13 words: 3376.0 sentences: 208.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337120-irpm5g7g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337120-irpm5g7g.txt summary: Therefore, Internists must understand early warning signs of different bioterrorist and infectious agents, proper reporting channels and measures, various ways that they can assist the public health response, and roles of different local, state, and federal agencies. During the past half decade, well-publicized events, including the anthrax mail attacks, 1 Hurricane Katrina, 2 and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) 3, 4 have reminded us that epidemics, disease outbreaks, bioterrorist attacks, and natural disasters can occur. Therefore, Internists must understand early warning signs of bioterrorist and infectious agents, proper reporting channels and measures, and ways that they can help contain and treat the consequences of epidemics, outbreaks, and attacks. Internists suspecting an attack or epidemic should immediately inform the local or state health department and contain any possible threat in their clinics, especially if the agent is contagious. Bioterrorist attacks and epidemics require physicians to quickly transmit patient and case information to other health care personnel and appropriate authorities. abstract: Internists are well-positioned to play significant roles in recognizing and responding to epidemics, outbreaks, and bioterrorist attacks. They see large numbers of patients with various health problems and may be the patients’ only interaction with the medical community for symptoms resulting from infectious diseases and injuries from radiation, chemicals, and/or burns. Therefore, Internists must understand early warning signs of different bioterrorist and infectious agents, proper reporting channels and measures, various ways that they can assist the public health response, and roles of different local, state, and federal agencies. In addition, it is important to understand effects of a public health disaster on clinic operations and relevant legal consequences. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17351853/ doi: 10.1007/s11606-006-0030-2 id: cord-102885-5y9nkal3 author: Lee, Hyeon-Seung title: Deterioration of mental health despite successful control of the COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea. date: 2020-11-13 words: 5311.0 sentences: 294.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-102885-5y9nkal3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-102885-5y9nkal3.txt summary: Between March and June 2020, 400 South Korean residents participated in an online study of depression, anxiety, stress, psychosis-risk and loneliness, as well as indices of social network, physical health and demographics. The major aim of the present study was to survey mental health and social wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic among the general population in South Korea where effective public health strategies and high compliance by the residents were able to successfully stop the spread of the virus. Participants were asked to respond to questions about their demographic information (age, sex, education level, occupation, marital status), 4 levels of concern about the COVID-19 pandemic from "not at all concerned" to "extremely concerned", general physical health status, mental health, loneliness and social network. Overall, these findings suggest a significant psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health and social wellbeing in South Korean, with high rates of depression, anxiety, stress and psychosis-risk. abstract: South Korea was able to successfully control the spread of COVID-19 without nationwide lockdowns or drastic social distancing efforts, but pandemic-related psychological outcome of the general population remains unknown. Between March and June 2020, 400 South Korean residents participated in an online study of depression, anxiety, stress, psychosis-risk and loneliness, as well as indices of social network, physical health and demographics. Clinical levels of depression, anxiety or stress were reported by 45% of the respondents, and psychosis-risk was present in 12.8%; a drastic increase above the base rate reported by previous studies conducted in South Korea prior to the pandemic. Subjective feelings of loneliness, but not the size of the social network accounted for poor mental health. Women were especially at increased risk for mental health problems. Thus, despite effective mitigation of the pandemic, there was a striking deterioration of mental health. As the psychological burden of the continuing pandemic accrues, the probability of an impending mental health crisis is increasing, especially in countries with greater infection and death rates than South Korea. Comprehensive efforts to address the psychological aftermath of the pandemic are urgently needed. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0165178120332315 doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113570 id: cord-276445-m5vjo3ym author: Lee, Hyojung title: Recrudescence of Ebola virus disease outbreak in West Africa, 2014–2016 date: 2017-09-20 words: 1632.0 sentences: 88.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276445-m5vjo3ym.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276445-m5vjo3ym.txt summary: For the Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak in West Africa from 2014 to 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended securing 42 days (World Health Organization, 2015) , or twice the observed maximum incubation period, from the time at which the last case was found negative for the virus at second testing. WHO reports and other sources were reviewed in an analysis of all known recrudescence events occurring from 2014 to 2016 (World Health Organization, 2016; Sheri, 2015; Farge and Giahyue, 2015; Dahl et al., 2016; Dakaractu, 2016; Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, 2016) . A total of five cases of recrudescence were identified ( Figure 1 ): three occurred in Liberia and one each in Guinea and Sierra Leone (World Health Organization, 2016; Sheri, 2015; Farge and Giahyue, 2015; Dahl et al., 2016; Dakaractu, 2016; Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, 2016) . abstract: OBJECTIVES: There have been errors in determining the end of the Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic when adhering to the criteria of the World Health Organization. The present study aimed to review and learn from all known recrudescence events in West Africa occurring in 2014–2016. METHODS: Background mechanisms of five erroneous declarations in Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone during 2014–2016 were reviewed. RESULTS: Three cases of recrudescence were suspected to have been caused by sexual contact with survivors, one to be due to international migration, and one was linked to a potentially immunocompromised mother. The three sexual transmission events involving survivors—the first two in Liberia and one in Sierra Leone—required 164 days, >150 days, and approximately 180 days, respectively, from discharge of the survivors to confirmation of the recrudescent case. CONCLUSIONS: The events of recrudescence were associated with relatively uncommon routes of transmission other than close contact during burial or care-giving, including sexual transmission, possible immunocompromise, and migration. Recognition of the sexual transmission risk among survivors could potentially involve discrimination, which may lead to under-ascertainment. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1201971217302370 doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2017.09.013 id: cord-262567-gojbccmz author: Lee, Seung-Man title: Mediating Effect of Sports Participation on the Relationship between Health Perceptions and Health Promoting Behavior in Adolescents date: 2020-09-16 words: 5392.0 sentences: 245.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262567-gojbccmz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262567-gojbccmz.txt summary: Based on the results of this study, suggestions are presented on how to enhance health perceptions in adolescents who are in a critical period for forming healthy life habits, and to prepare measures to encourage sports participation. In addition, previous studies are limited in that they sporadically report only some of the variables in the relationships among health perceptions, sports participation, and health promoting behavior. In order to overcome these limitations, it is necessary to verify the effects of health perceptions and sports participation on improving health promoting behavior in adolescents, using an appropriate study design. Sixth, bootstrapping was used to verify the mediating effect of sports participation on the relationship between health perceptions and health promoting behavior in adolescents (see Section 3.3). Analyses were performed to verify the model that explains the structural relationship between the individual variables by verifying the mediating effect of sports participation on the relationship between health perceptions and health promoting behavior in adolescents. abstract: The aim of this study was to verify the structural relationship between health perceptions, sports participation, and health promoting behavior in adolescents. A total of 507 adolescents living in Seoul, Republic of Korea, in 2020, participated in this study. This study was conducted using a preliminary survey and a main survey. In the preliminary survey, the reliability and validity of the scales used in this study were analyzed, and in the main survey, the relationships between individual variables were verified. Specifically, descriptive statistical analysis, path analysis, and mediating effect analysis were conducted in the main survey. The results of the study are as follows: first, health perceptions were found to have a positive effect on sports participation (p < 0.001). Furthermore, health perceptions were found to have no direct effect on health promoting behavior (p = 0.554), while sports participation was found to have a positive effect on health promoting behavior (p < 0.001). Additionally, sports participation completely mediated the relationship between health perceptions and health promoting behavior. Based on the results of this study, suggestions are presented on how to enhance health perceptions in adolescents who are in a critical period for forming healthy life habits, and to prepare measures to encourage sports participation. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32947940/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17186744 id: cord-321797-2xhusfth author: Lee‐Baggley, Dayna title: Coping with the threat of severe acute respiratory syndrome: Role of threat appraisals and coping responses in health behaviors date: 2004-03-11 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The present study examines the psychological impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) by exploring the coping strategies and health behaviors enacted in response to the SARS epidemic. Hierarchical linear regression indicated that the use of wishful thinking in response to the threat of SARS was related to both avoiding public places and avoiding people perceived to be possible carriers of the SARS virus, but was not associated with the use of more adaptive health behaviors, such as using disinfectants and hand washing. Conversely, those who reported engaging in empathic responding in response to the threat of SARS were both less likely to report avoiding people perceived as being at a high risk for SARS and more likely to report engaging in effective health behaviors. Support seeking was not a significant predictor of the health behaviors examined in the present study. Results are discussed in terms of coping with health threats and health promotion. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32313437/ doi: 10.1111/j.1467-839x.2004.00131.x id: cord-329498-nr9k7hf2 author: Lemke, Michael Kenneth title: Syndemic frameworks to understand the effects of COVID-19 on commercial driver stress, health, and safety date: 2020-05-23 words: 1794.0 sentences: 110.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329498-nr9k7hf2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329498-nr9k7hf2.txt summary: To gain a complete understanding of how the COVID-19 pandemic 5 will affect commercial driver stress, health, and safety over time, and to mitigate these impacts, 6 research and prevention efforts must be grounded in theoretical perspectives that contextualize 7 these impacts within the chronic stressors already endemic to profession, the historical and 8 ongoing forces that have induced them, and the potentially reinforcing nature of the resulting 9 afflictions. To gain a complete understanding of how the COVID-19 pandemic 5 will affect commercial driver stress, health, and safety over time, and to mitigate these impacts, 6 research and prevention efforts must be grounded in theoretical perspectives that contextualize 7 these impacts within the chronic stressors already endemic to profession, the historical and 8 ongoing forces that have induced them, and the potentially reinforcing nature of the resulting 9 afflictions. abstract: INTRODUCTION: U.S. commercial drivers are entrenched in a stressogenic profession, and exposures to endemic chronic stressors shape drivers’ behavioral and psychosocial responses and induce profound health and safety disparities. To gain a complete understanding of how the COVID-19 pandemic will affect commercial driver stress, health, and safety over time, and to mitigate these impacts, research and prevention efforts must be grounded in theoretical perspectives that contextualize these impacts within the chronic stressors already endemic to profession, the historical and ongoing forces that have induced them, and the potentially reinforcing nature of the resulting afflictions. METHODS: Extant literature reveals how an array of macro-level changes has shaped downstream trucking industry policies, resulting in stressogenic work organization and workplace characteristics. Emerging evidence suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbates existing stressors and introduces novel stressors, with potentially exacerbatory impacts on health and safety disparities. RESULTS: As COVID-19 exerts an array of multi-level stressors on commercial drivers, syndemic frameworks can provide the appropriate theoretical lens to guide research and prevention. Syndemic frameworks can provide the grounding to allow foregoing commercial driver COVID-19 research to transcend the limitations of prevailing research frameworks by contextualizing COVID-19 stressors holistically within the complex system of endemic chronic stressors and interrelated health and safety afflictions. Syndemic-informed prevention efforts can then be implemented that simultaneously tackle multiple afflictions and the macro-level forces that result in the emergence of commercial drivers’ health and safety disparities over time. CONCLUSIONS: The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on commercial drivers cannot be adequately understood or acted upon in isolation from the endemic chronic stressors and interrelated health and safety disparities that characterize the profession. Instead, commercial driver COVID-19 research and prevention needs syndemic frameworks to holistically understand the impacts of COVID-19 on commercial driver stress, health, and safety, and to identify high-leverage preventive actions. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2214140520300815 doi: 10.1016/j.jth.2020.100877 id: cord-355583-wzracd7t author: Lemley, Trey title: Health sciences librarians supporting health and nutrition education in a culinary medicine curriculum date: 2020-10-01 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: Culinary medicine is an innovative approach to teaching health sciences students and other health professionals the basics of healthy eating, food preparation, and nutrition through applied instruction. It is hoped these professionals will, in turn, share their knowledge with patients. The University of South Alabama Mitchell Cancer Institute licensed the Tulane University's Goldring Center for Culinary Medicine curriculum and began teaching medical, nursing, and other health sciences students as well as community members in 2017. The authors describe a collaboration between librarians and health professionals to connect with underserved community members by teaching the basics of good nutrition and healthy meal preparation. CASE PRESENTATION: Two health sciences librarians provided instruction to community members in the use of quality health information resources during various modules of the culinary medicine curriculum. Demonstrations of the use of MedlinePlus and ChooseMyPlate were conducted using topics from module content. Evaluations were distributed after each module to evaluate the effectiveness of the library component, the results of which enabled librarians to subsequently increase their instruction time and implement iPad use for more engaging participation. CONCLUSION: Librarians were seen as invaluable partners in this innovative program and became an integral part of the curriculum. Evaluation results helped librarians advocate for more instructional time. As a result of their involvement, librarians were given additional outreach opportunities to educate younger populations at risk of developing chronic health diseases. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33013221/ doi: 10.5195/jmla.2020.911 id: cord-279356-s3iigb0j author: Leones, Louis Mervyn B title: Caring for the carers: safeguarding oncologists’ mental health in the time of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-15 words: 1493.0 sentences: 91.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279356-s3iigb0j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279356-s3iigb0j.txt summary: Taking care of patients with chronic, terminal diseases presents unique challenges to the mental health of medical oncologists. Delegated to be a national COVID-19 referral centre, the University of the Philippines—Philippine General Hospital faced many challenges, including the increased workload in a perilous and anxiety-inducing national crisis which placed the entire healthcare team in an unprecedented situation. To adapt to these challenges, the Division of Medical Oncology employed the following measures to safeguard the mental health of its faculty and fellows: 1) use of psychological support materials; 2) initiation of a psychological intervention programme and 3) establishment of peer support programmes. To adapt to the situation, the Division of Medical Oncology employed the following measures to safeguard the mental health of its faculty and trainees: Participants reported that the seriousness of the disease and the current situation coupled with the responsibility of taking care of cancer patients contributed to the anxiety felt, especially when on duty at the COVID-19 areas. abstract: Taking care of patients with chronic, terminal diseases presents unique challenges to the mental health of medical oncologists. The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has exacerbated these mental health risks brought about by isolation and exhaustion. Delegated to be a national COVID-19 referral centre, the University of the Philippines—Philippine General Hospital faced many challenges, including the increased workload in a perilous and anxiety-inducing national crisis which placed the entire healthcare team in an unprecedented situation. To adapt to these challenges, the Division of Medical Oncology employed the following measures to safeguard the mental health of its faculty and fellows: 1) use of psychological support materials; 2) initiation of a psychological intervention programme and 3) establishment of peer support programmes. Caring for the carers through evidence-based interventions ensures the delivery of quality care to our cancer patients despite the challenges during these trying times. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32582372/ doi: 10.3332/ecancer.2020.1057 id: cord-332093-iluqwwxs author: Lessler, Justin title: Mechanistic Models of Infectious Disease and Their Impact on Public Health date: 2016-02-17 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: From the 1930s through the 1940s, Lowell Reed and Wade Hampton Frost used mathematical models and mechanical epidemic simulators as research tools and to teach epidemic theory to students at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (then the School of Hygiene and Public Health). Since that time, modeling has become an integral part of epidemiology and public health. Models have been used for explanatory and inferential purposes, as well as in planning and implementing public health responses. In this article, we review a selection of developments in the history of modeling of infectious disease dynamics over the past 100 years. We also identify trends in model development and use and speculate as to the future use of models in infectious disease dynamics. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kww021 doi: 10.1093/aje/kww021 id: cord-343530-3fnfs2e5 author: Leung, T.Y. title: Gender equity and public health outcomes: The COVID-19 experience date: 2020-05-21 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: This paper extends the growing research on the impact of gender equity on public health outcomes using the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic as its research setting. Specifically, it introduces a conceptual model incorporating the impact of gender equity and human development on women’s representation in legislature and public health expenditure, and their combined impact with human environment (population density, aging population and urban population) on important public health outcomes in the Covid-19 context, including the total number of tests, diagnosed, active and critical cases, and deaths. Data from 210 countries shows support for many of the hypothesized relationships in the conceptual model. The results provide useful insights about the factors that influence the representation of women in political systems around the world and its impact on public health outcomes. The authors also discuss implications for public health policy-makers to ensure efficient and effective delivery of public health services in future. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32501305/ doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.05.031 id: cord-337863-zfctgm6p author: Leventhal, Alex title: Enhanced Surveillance for Detection and Management of Infectious Diseases: Regional Collaboration in the Middle East date: 2013-01-25 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Formed before international negotiations of the revised International Health Regulations (IHR), the Middle East Consortium for Infectious Disease Surveillance (MECIDS) is a regional collaboration aimed at facilitating implementation of the revised IHR and, more broadly, improving the detection and control of infectious disease outbreaks among neighboring countries in an area of continuous dispute. Initially focused on enhancing foodborne disease surveillance, MECIDS has expanded the scope of its work to also include avian and pandemic influenza and other emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. Here, we describe the history and governance of MECIDS, highlighting key achievements over the consortium's seven-year history, and discuss the future of MECIDS. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23362413/ doi: 10.3402/ehtj.v6i0.19955 id: cord-104008-luqvw0y8 author: Levinson, Julia title: Investigating the effectiveness of school health services delivered by a health provider: a systematic review of systematic reviews date: 2019-02-07 words: 6729.0 sentences: 337.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-104008-luqvw0y8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-104008-luqvw0y8.txt summary: Systematic reviews of intervention studies that evaluated school-based or school-linked 31 health services delivered by a health provider were included. Systematic reviews of intervention studies that evaluated school-based or school-linked 31 health services delivered by a health provider were included. Through a comprehensive literature search, the 71 overview aimed to identify health areas and specific school health service interventions that 72 have at least some evidence of effectiveness. Finally, 74 the overview aimed to identify the health areas and specific school health services 75 interventions for which no SRs were found, whether because the primary literature does not 76 exist or where there are primary studies but no SR has been conducted. It is difficult to determine overall effectiveness of school health services from this overview because the included SRs do not sufficiently cover the health areas most relevant for children and adolescents. abstract: Schools are the only institution regularly reaching the majority of school-age children and adolescents across the globe. Although at least 102 countries have school health services, there is no rigorous, evidence-based guidance on which school health services are effective and should be implemented in schools. To investigate the effectiveness of school health services for improving the health of school-age children and adolescents, a systematic review of systematic reviews (overview) was conducted. Five databases were searched through June 2018. Systematic reviews of intervention studies that evaluated school-based or school-linked health services delivered by a health provider were included. Review quality was assessed using a modified Ballard and Montgomery four-item checklist. 1654 references were screened and 20 systematic reviews containing 270 primary studies were assessed narratively. Interventions with evidence for effectiveness addressed autism, depression, anxiety, obesity, dental caries, visual acuity, asthma, and sleep. No review evaluated the effectiveness of a multi-component school health services intervention addressing multiple health areas. Strongest evidence supports implementation of anxiety prevention programs, indicated asthma education, and vision screening with provision of free spectacles. Additional systematic reviews are needed that analyze the effectiveness of comprehensive school health services, and specific services for under-researched health areas relevant for this population. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/543868 doi: 10.1101/543868 id: cord-339188-apgdzgfz author: Lewis, Thomas J title: Reduction in Chronic Disease Risk and Burden in a 70-Individual Cohort Through Modification of Health Behaviors date: 2020-08-26 words: 11375.0 sentences: 518.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339188-apgdzgfz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339188-apgdzgfz.txt summary: Validated data on severe respiratory viral diseases and the correlation between mortality, immunocompromised status and existing chronic conditions in infected individuals indicate that a broad set of blood-based biomarkers may best serve to stratify risk and to set policy on containment strategies in populations [7] . What separates bad, good, and great programs is "a combination of good design built on behavior change theory, effective implementation using evidence-based practices, and credible measurement and evaluation." To further support the need for more thorough risk assessment, in a global study of 84 risks, the authors concluded "Increasingly detailed understanding of the trends in risk exposure and the relative risks for each risk-outcome pair provide insights into both the magnitude of health loss attributable to risks and how modification of risk exposure has contributed to health trends [9] . abstract: Introduction Health risk factors, including lifestyle risks and health literacy, are known to contribute to the chronic disease epidemic. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), chronic diseases account for 90% of healthcare costs, morbidity, and mortality. In the United States, healthcare providers attempt to modulate a limited set of risks. However, chronic diseases continue to proliferate despite expansion of wellness programs and drugs to manage and prevent chronic conditions. Pandemics, exemplified by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), show that people in good health suffer mortality rates at 10% the rate compared to those with pre-existing chronic conditions. Healthcare costs and morbidity rates often parallel mortality rates. New root-cause risk and health tools that accommodate low health literacy and are linked to personalized health improvement care plans are needed to reverse the chronic disease epidemic. Reported here is a study on 70 manufacturing employees in the Midwest US using a personalized and group approach to chronic disease reversal and prevention which may also find utility in pandemic severity and policy decisions. Methods Health, lifestyle, behavior, and motivation data were collected on 70 individuals at the beginning of a nine-month disease reversal and prevention program. The data were updated every two to six months over the period. Inputs included information from a novel health risk assessment, serum biomarkers specific for chronic disease, and traditional medical information. Using all these data we generated robust, personalized, and modifiable care plans that were implemented by the participant and guided by a care team including health coaches and medical providers. Periodic renewal of profile data and biomarkers facilitated adjustment of care plans to optimize the path toward health goals set mutually by the participant and the care team. Results Ninety percent of participants experienced a favorable reduction in chronic disease biomarkers. The reduction in serum biomarkers coincided with a reduction in disease and risk attributes based on medical chart data and before and after interviews. Hemoglobin A1C, for example, lowered in all but one participant concomitant with reported improved energy and reduced need for medications in the majority of participants. Markers of inflammation lowered across the population. Most importantly each individual reported improvement in their overall health. Conclusions This simple, inexpensive, root-cause based risk and health approach generates a “do no harm” action plan that guides a care team, including the participant, on a path to improved health. The data demonstrate that changes in a novel risk calculator score coincide with changes in sensitive biomarkers for chronic disease. When the risks of an individual are reduced, the biomarkers reflect that change with self-reported wellbeing also improved. This program and process may be of value to society plagued with escalating levels of chronic disease and merits further study and implementation. url: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.10039 doi: 10.7759/cureus.10039 id: cord-304056-2bo0s0hz author: Lezotre, Pierre-Louis title: Part I State of Play and Review of Major Cooperation Initiatives date: 2014-12-31 words: 64915.0 sentences: 2935.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304056-2bo0s0hz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304056-2bo0s0hz.txt summary: ▸ To maintain a forum for a constructive dialogue between regulatory authorities and the pharmaceutical industry on the real and perceived differences in the technical requirements for product registration in the EU, US, and Japan in order to ensure a more timely introduction of new medicinal products, and their availability to patients; ▸ To contribute to the protection of public health from an international perspective (added upon revision in 2000); ▸ To monitor and update harmonized technical requirements leading to a greater mutual acceptance of research and development data; ▸ To avoid divergent future requirements through harmonization of selected topics needed as a result of therapeutic advances and the development of new technologies for the production of medicinal products; ▸ To facilitate the adoption of new or improved technical research and development approaches which update or replace current practices, where these permit a more economical use of human, animal, and material resources, without compromising safety; ▸ To facilitate the dissemination and communication of information on harmonized guidelines and their use such as to encourage the implementation and integration of common standards. abstract: Abstract The basic principle of international cooperation is to establish bilateral and multilateral efforts to leverage the human, scientific and financial resources and the knowledge and experience of other key regulatory authorities to avoid duplication of efforts, to make activities more efficient and to allow the focussing of limited resources on higher-risk areas of concern. This increased cooperation between worldwide regulators has necessitated proactive deliberate efforts towards convergence/harmonisation of regulation, practices and requirements to eliminate or reduce differences. Cooperation and harmonisation of standards in the pharmaceutical domain are already a reality and have become increasingly important during recent decades, with a high level of commitment to these activities by all stakeholders. The worldwide Drug Regulatory Authorities (DRAs) have been working to end an isolationist attitude that cannot resolve current worldwide issues and challenges caused by an ever increasing globalisation. As a result, many cooperation and harmonisation initiatives have been established at the bilateral, regional and global levels as a response to the changing geo-economic-political situation. The spectrum of collaboration varies from simple informal technical cooperation to full integration of systems and regulations. Indeed, all these initiatives can be very different in scope (some are part of a broader harmonisation initiative), level of harmonisation (depending on the political support/commitment), organisation (well-structured versus simple discussion) or advancement (established process vs. pilot projects), but they all work towards convergence of requirements and/or practices. All these multiple worldwide cooperation and harmonisation programmes have evolved rapidly over the past decades. This book section provides the current status of this complex and broad phenomenon of cooperation, convergence and harmonisation in the pharmaceutical sector. It reviews all major global, regional and bilateral cooperation initiatives. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128000533000021 doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800053-3.00002-1 id: cord-284528-ebjwkvvj author: Li, Hui title: Organization and Finance of China’s Health Sector: Historical Antecedents for Macroeconomic Structural Adjustment date: 2016-01-31 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: China has exploded onto the world economy over the past few decades and is undergoing rapid transformation toward relatively more services. The health sector is an important part of this transition. This article provides a historical account of the development of health care in China since 1949. It also focuses on health insurance and macroeconomic structural adjustment to less saving and more consumption. In particular, the question of how health insurance impacts precautionary savings is considered. Multivariate analysis using data from 1990 to 2012 is employed. The household savings rate is the dependent variable in 3 models segmented for rural and urban populations. Independent variables include out-of-pocket health expenditures, health insurance payouts, housing expenditure, education expenditure, and consumption as a share of gross domestic product (GDP). Out-of-pocket health expenditures were positively correlated with household savings rates. But health insurance remains weak, and increased payouts by health insurers have not been associated with lower levels of household savings so far. Housing was positively correlated, whereas education had a negative association with savings rates. This latter finding was unexpected. Perhaps education is perceived as investment and a substitute for savings. China’s shift toward a more service-oriented economy includes growing dependence on the health sector. Better health insurance is an important part of this evolution. The organization and finance of health care is integrally linked with macroeconomic policy in an environment constrained by prevailing institutional convention. Problems of agency relationships, professional hegemony, and special interest politics feature prominently, as they do elsewhere. China also has a dual approach to medicine relying heavily on providers of traditional Chinese medicine. Both of these segments will take part in China’s evolution, adding another layer of complexity to policy. url: https://doi.org/10.1177/0046958015620175 doi: 10.1177/0046958015620175 id: cord-275806-tt7dvhbd author: Liem, Andrian title: The neglected health of international migrant workers in the COVID-19 epidemic date: 2020-04-30 words: 442.0 sentences: 33.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275806-tt7dvhbd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275806-tt7dvhbd.txt summary: title: The neglected health of international migrant workers in the COVID-19 epidemic Compared with other international migrants (ie, international students), IMWs encounter more barriers in accessing health services in host countries (eg, inadequate health insurance), particularly migrant domestic workers. For instance, some migrant domestic workers in Hong Kong and Macau have lost their jobs because their employers have left the territory. 5 For instance, WeChat (a Chinese social network platform) is used by IMWs in Hong Kong and Macau for sharing key health messages and official information to the community and providing one another with emotional support. For instance, during the epidemic, IMWs should be provided more accessible health care. Public health campaigns should be available in multiple languages and diffused through various communication channels and networks of IMWs as soon as possible. Occupational health outcomes among international migrant workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2215036620300766 doi: 10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30076-6 id: cord-341624-02bmonj6 author: Liem, Andrian title: Ethical standards for telemental health must be maintained during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-12 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32563105/ doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102218 id: cord-298696-rsifxvtj author: Lim, Meng-Kin title: Global response to pandemic flu: more research needed on a critical front date: 2006-10-13 words: 2257.0 sentences: 100.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298696-rsifxvtj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298696-rsifxvtj.txt summary: Given that air transportation is the one feature that most differentiates present day transmission scenarios from those in 1918, our present inability to prevent spread of influenza by international air travel, as reckoned by the World Health Organization, constitutes a major weakness in the current global preparedness plan against pandemic flu. Alas, the 2005 WHO report Avian influenza: assessing the pandemic has dismally concluded that "If only a few countries are affected, travel-related measures, such as exit screening for persons departing from affected areas, might delay international spread somewhat, but cannot stop it. Against a conservatively estimated US$800 billion a year that a human pandemic of avian influenza could cost the global economy [24] , not to mention the incalculable cost in terms of human lives [25] , it seems incredible that the aviation lessons of SARS have not led to an acceleration of scientific research and health policy evaluation aimed at strengthening public health defenses on the air transportation front. abstract: If and when sustained human-to-human transmission of H5N1 becomes a reality, the world will no longer be dealing with sporadic avian flu borne along migratory flight paths of birds, but aviation flu – winged at subsonic speed along commercial air conduits to every corner of planet Earth. Given that air transportation is the one feature that most differentiates present day transmission scenarios from those in 1918, our present inability to prevent spread of influenza by international air travel, as reckoned by the World Health Organization, constitutes a major weakness in the current global preparedness plan against pandemic flu. Despite the lessons of SARS, it is surprising that aviation-related health policy options have not been more rigorously evaluated, or scientific research aimed at strengthening public health measures on the air transportation front, more energetically pursued. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17038194/ doi: 10.1186/1478-4505-4-8 id: cord-256808-lxlerb13 author: Lim, W.S title: Hospital management of adults with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) if SARS re-emerges—updated 10 February 2004 date: 2004-06-02 words: 2426.0 sentences: 167.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256808-lxlerb13.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256808-lxlerb13.txt summary: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) is a potentially severe and highly infectious disease to which healthcare workers involved in the management of cases are particularly vulnerable. These guidelines briefly summarise optimal and safe practice for clinicians involved in the emergency care of patients with probable or confirmed SARS. During 2003 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV) emerged as an infectious disease with a significant inhospital mortality and posed a considerable occupational risk for healthcare workers. Please discuss the classification of SARS patients with the Health Protection Agency''s Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre (CDSC) Duty doctor (Tel.: 0208-200-6868) and complete a standard SARS report form and fax to your local Consultant in Communicable Disease Control (CCDC) and CDSC (details at: http://www.hpa.org.uk/infections/ topics_az/SARS/forms.htm). Inform the local Health Protection Team/CCDC regarding the hospital discharge of patients to ensure follow-up in the community. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS): infection control abstract: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) is a potentially severe and highly infectious disease to which healthcare workers involved in the management of cases are particularly vulnerable. These guidelines briefly summarise optimal and safe practice for clinicians involved in the emergency care of patients with probable or confirmed SARS. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0163445304000830 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2004.04.001 id: cord-265328-83p3sjja author: Limcaoco, R. S. G. title: Anxiety, worry and perceived stress in the world due to the COVID-19 pandemic, March 2020. Preliminary results. date: 2020-04-06 words: 3503.0 sentences: 180.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-265328-83p3sjja.txt txt: ./txt/cord-265328-83p3sjja.txt summary: Having into consideration the lockdown and quarantine situation, we decided to do evaluate the current emotional state on the general population with a web-based survey in English and in Spanish, which was considered a useful and fast method that could help us determine how people perceived stress and worry due to the COVID-19. Methods: The survey included a 22 items, gathering information in 3 sections: Sociodemographic data, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) by Cohen and additional queries that assessed the current worry and change of behaviours due to this pandemic. Taking into consideration the lockdown and quarantine situation, the researchers decided to do evaluate the current state on the general population with a web-based survey that was considered at this moment a useful and fast method that can help determine how people perceived stress and worry due to the COVID-19. abstract: Introduction: Since the beginning of the outbreak in China, ending 2019, the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) has spread subsequently to the rest of the world causing an on-going pandemic. The World Health Organisation (WHO) declared COVID-19: a public health emergency of international concern. Having into consideration the lockdown and quarantine situation, we decided to do evaluate the current emotional state on the general population with a web-based survey in English and in Spanish, which was considered a useful and fast method that could help us determine how people perceived stress and worry due to the COVID-19. Methods: The survey included a 22 items, gathering information in 3 sections: Sociodemographic data, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) by Cohen and additional queries that assessed the current worry and change of behaviours due to this pandemic. Results: The survey received 891 respondents from 25 countries, from March 17 to 23rd, 2020. The mean age of the respondents was 43.8 (14.2) years old, and more than two thirds were women. 12.8% were health personnel.The mean of the PSS-10 score was 17.4 (6.4). Significantly higher scores were observed among women, youth, students, and among those who expressed concern and those who perceived increased susceptibility to the COVID-19. In contrast, no significant differences were observed between the health professionals and the general population. A good correlation was observed between mean relative volume (RSV) of the las 14 days and the number of cases reported (rho = 0.68, p <0.001) and deaths (rho = 0.51, p <0.001). Discussion: With these results we describe an increase of affective symptoms due to the COVID-19. This pandemic is raising the anxiety levels. The findings of our study show the affective and cognitive alterations people are going through. This survey is the first attempt to measure the psychological consequences this pandemic is having, in order to be able to later be able to provide the support to confront this global issue, addressing the mental health care that will be needed. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.03.20043992 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.03.20043992 id: cord-321211-i6ghp53p author: Lindner, Sonja title: Can Integrated Care Help in Meeting the Challenges Posed on Our Health Care Systems by COVID-19? Some Preliminary Lessons Learned from the European VIGOUR Project date: 2020-10-19 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic puts health and care systems under pressure globally. This current paper highlights challenges arising in the care for older and vulnerable populations in this context and reflects upon possible perspectives for different systems making use of nested integrated care approaches adapted during the work of the EU-funded project VIGOUR (“Evidence based Guidance to Scale-up Integrated Care in Europe”, funded by the European Union’s Health Programme 2014–2020 under Grant Agreement Number 826640). url: https://doi.org/10.5334/ijic.5596 doi: 10.5334/ijic.5596 id: cord-017690-xedqhl2m author: Lister, Graham title: The Process and Practice of Negotiation date: 2012-11-07 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Global health diplomacy has been defined as the art and practice of negotiation in relation to global health issues. This chapter draws on generic concepts of negotiation as a process of diagnosis, formula development, exchange and implementation, reflecting the shared and sometimes contested values, power relationships and interests of the many different actors involved. It sets out a framework for understanding the main phases of global health negotiation process as they arise in many different contexts. The negotiation of global health issues is shown to be a driver of the regimes of global health governance institutions that are shaped by the new trends in global governance described in the previous chapter. The leadership and development of diplomatic negotiations at every level with an increasing range of actors is therefore key to global governance for health. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7122328/ doi: 10.1007/978-1-4614-5401-4_6 id: cord-271115-3nhbzybq author: Liu, Jianghong title: Policy brief on climate change and mental health/well-being date: 2020-09-04 words: 3308.0 sentences: 134.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271115-3nhbzybq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271115-3nhbzybq.txt summary: Nurses must advocate for research, education, and policies that support disaster-resilient infrastructure and human services that allow communities across the globe to effectively mitigate the impact of climate change on human health. While research continues to emerge, current evidence suggests that a wide range of serious physical and mental health consequences, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and suicide and/or suicidal thoughts, result from exposure to climate-related disasters Clayton, Manning, Krygsman, & Speiser, 2017) . Some examples of adaptive strategies include providing counseling (Hayes, Blashki, Wiseman, Burke, & Reifels, 2018) , advocating for removal of barriers in access and cost to mental health care in insurance plans (Rowan, McAlpine, & Blewett, 2013) , and conducting more research on existing populations of individuals who have been affected by climate change (Hayes et al., 2018) . abstract: Climate change has a significant global impact on individuals’ mental health and well-being. However, global health systems are inadequately prepared to address this issue. Studies indicate that climate events such as floods, droughts, tornados, earthquakes, and fires not only exacerbate chronic mental illness, but also impact well-being causing anxiety, stress, and in the worst case, suicide. The World Health Organization estimates that 12.6 million preventable deaths per year can be attributed to environmental factors, all of which are exacerbated by climate change, and an additional 250,000 deaths per year are projected between 2030 and 2050. Nurses must advocate for research, education, and policies that support disaster-resilient infrastructure and human services that allow communities across the globe to effectively mitigate the impact of climate change on human health. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2020.06.003 doi: 10.1016/j.outlook.2020.06.003 id: cord-277446-0e6akcjf author: Liu, Peilong title: China''s distinctive engagement in global health date: 2014-08-28 words: 6234.0 sentences: 360.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277446-0e6akcjf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277446-0e6akcjf.txt summary: China''s health aid deploys medical teams, constructs facilities, donates drugs and equipment, trains personnel, and supports malaria control mainly in Africa and Asia. Regression analysis of African countries with variables of health aid (medical teams, donated facilities, malaria control) and economic interests (petroleum imports, China''s foreign investment, and China''s imports and exports) yielded no signifi cant pattern. 29 International eff orts include active participation and leadership in many international forums that foster cooperation in compliance of disease reporting and control, as shown by the initiation of the UN resolution on enhancement of capacity-building in global public health in 2003, and the joint International Pledging Conference on Avian and Human Pandemic Infl uenza with China, the European Commission, and the World Bank held in Beijing in 2006. abstract: China has made rapid progress in four key domains of global health. China's health aid deploys medical teams, constructs facilities, donates drugs and equipment, trains personnel, and supports malaria control mainly in Africa and Asia. Prompted by the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak in 2003, China has prioritised the control of cross-border transmission of infectious diseases and other health-related risks. In governance, China has joined UN and related international bodies and has begun to contribute to pooled multilateral funds. China is both a knowledge producer and sharer, offering lessons based on its health accomplishments, traditional Chinese medicine, and research and development investment in drug discovery. Global health capacity is being developed in medical universities in China, which also train foreign medical students. China's approach to global health is distinctive; different from other countries; and based on its unique history, comparative strength, and policies driven by several governmental ministries. The scope and depth of China's global engagement are likely to grow and reshape the contours of global health. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014067361460725X doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(14)60725-x id: cord-320610-5ayjudl9 author: Liu, Shuai title: Online mental health services in China during the COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-02-19 words: 679.0 sentences: 30.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320610-5ayjudl9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320610-5ayjudl9.txt summary: In general, online mental health services being used for the COVID-19 epidemic are facilitating the development of Chinese public emergency interventions, and eventually could improve the quality and effectiveness of emergency interventions. To date, several types of online mental health services have been implemented widely for those in need during the outbreak in China. Firstly, as of Feb 8, 2020, 72 online mental health surveys associated with the COVID-19 outbreak could be searched for via the WeChat-based survey programme Questionnaire Star, which target different populations, including medical staff (23 of the surveys), patients with COVID-19 (one survey), students (18 surveys), the general population (nine surveys), and mixed populations (21 surveys); in Hubei province (five surveys), other provinces (15 surveys), all provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions (36 surveys), and unspecified areas of China (16 surveys). Secondly, online mental health education with communication programmes, such as WeChat, Weibo, and TikTok, has been widely used during the outbreak for medical staff and the public. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32085841/ doi: 10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30077-8 id: cord-347877-px8e0hhi author: Liu, Tao title: Regional Differences and Influencing Factors of Allocation Efficiency of Rural Public Health Resources in China date: 2020-08-14 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: In the face of increasingly growing health demands and the impact of various public health emergencies, it is of great significance to study the regional differences in the allocation efficiency of the rural public health resources and its improvement mechanism. In this paper, the game competition relationship is included in the evaluation model, and the game cross-efficiency model is used to measure the allocation efficiency of the rural public health resources in 31 provinces of China from 2008 to 2017. Then, the Theil index model and the Gini index model are applied in exploring the regional differences in the allocation efficiency of rural public health resources and its sources. Finally, the bootstrap truncated regression model is used to analyze the influencing factors of the allocation efficiency of the rural public health resources in China. The results show that, first, the total allocation efficiency level of the rural public health resources in China from 2008 to 2017 is relatively low, and it presents a U-shaped trend, first falling and then rising. Second, the changing trend of the allocation efficiency of the rural public health resources in the eastern, central, and western regions of China is similar to that in the nationwide region, and it shows a gradient trend that “the allocation efficiency in the eastern region is high, the allocation efficiency in the western region is low, and the allocation efficiency in the Central region is at the medium level”. However, the gap among the three regions is continually narrowing. Third, the calculation results of the Theil index and the Gini index show that intra-regional differences are the major source of the regional differences in the allocation efficiency of the rural public health resources in China, and the inter-regional differences demonstrate an expansion trend. Finally, the improvement of the education level and the social support level will generally improve the allocation efficiency of the rural public health resources in China and its three regions. The increased governmental financial support and urbanization level will reduce the allocation efficiency of the rural public health resources in China and its three regions. The economic development level, the living conditions and the population density are the important influencing factors of the allocation efficiency differences of the rural public health resources in the three regions. Therefore, on the basis of ensuring the increase of the total supply of the rural public health resources, more attention should be paid to the improvement of the allocation efficiency. Moreover, on the basis of continually narrowing the inter-regional differences among the eastern, central, and western regions, more attention should be paid to the intra-regional differences of the allocation efficiency of the rural public health resources among the different provinces. The various economic and social policies should be constantly optimized to jointly improve the allocation efficiency of the rural public health resources. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8030270 doi: 10.3390/healthcare8030270 id: cord-259809-7glw6pir author: Lloyd, Helen M. title: Supporting Innovative Person-Centred Care in Financially Constrained Environments: The WE CARE Exploratory Health Laboratory Evaluation Strategy date: 2020-04-28 words: 7735.0 sentences: 381.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259809-7glw6pir.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259809-7glw6pir.txt summary: The COST CARES project aims to support healthcare cost containment and improve healthcare quality across Europe by developing the research and development necessary for person-centred care (PCC) and health promotion. COST Action 15222 ''Cost Cares'' was funded by the EU Commission to create the impetus in both the research and development required to design and test innovative exploratory health laboratories (EHLs) to implement PCC and HP across the EU. Repeated here for clarity the critical enablers are (1) information technology (IT), which describes the use of computers or other computerized devises to store, transmit, and receive data to support PCC planning and care coordination, for handling and communicating health and evaluation data, and for delivering PCC and HP interventions. (4) Incentive systems that reward PCC processes and outcomes, such as personal health goals, PCC plans, improvements in patient self-efficacy and experiences of care, and HP activities. abstract: The COST CARES project aims to support healthcare cost containment and improve healthcare quality across Europe by developing the research and development necessary for person-centred care (PCC) and health promotion. This paper presents an overview evaluation strategy for testing ‘Exploratory Health Laboratories’ to deliver these aims. Our strategy is theory driven and evidence based, and developed through a multi-disciplinary and European-wide team. Specifically, we define the key approach and essential criteria necessary to evaluate initial testing, and on-going large-scale implementation with a core set of accompanying methods (metrics, models, and measurements). This paper also outlines the enabling mechanisms that support the development of the “Health Labs” towards innovative models of ethically grounded and evidenced-based PCC. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093050 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17093050 id: cord-311651-v2ff33jd author: Long, Nathaniel title: Contributions of Health Professions Students to Health System Needs During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Potential Strategies and Process for U.S. Medical Schools date: 2020-07-15 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic poses an unprecedented challenge to U.S. health systems, particularly academic health centers (AHCs) that lead in providing advanced clinical care and medical education. No phase of AHC efforts is untouched by the crisis, and medical schools, prioritizing learner welfare, are in the throes of adjusting to suspended clinical activities and virtual classrooms. While health professions students are currently limited in their contributions to direct clinical care, they remain the same smart, innovative, and motivated individuals who chose a career in health care and who are passionate about contributing to the needs of people in troubled times. The groundwork for operationalizing their commitment has already been established through the identification of value-added, participatory roles that support learning and professional development in health systems science (HSS) and clinical skills. This pandemic, with rapidly expanding workforce and patient care needs, has prompted a new look at how students can contribute. At the Penn State College of Medicine, staff and student leaders formed the COVID-19 Response Team to prioritize and align student work with health system needs. Starting in mid-March 2020, the authors used qualitative methods and content analysis of data collated from several sources to identify 4 categories for student contributions: the community, the health care delivery system, the workforce, and the medical school. The authors describe a nimble coproduction process that brings together all stakeholders to facilitate work. The learning agenda for these roles maps to HSS competencies, an evolving requirement for all students. The COVID-19 pandemic has provided a unique opportunity to harness the capability of students to improve health. Other AHCs may find this operational framework useful both during the COVID-19 pandemic and as a blueprint for responding to future challenges that disrupt systems of education and health care in the United States. url: https://doi.org/10.1097/acm.0000000000003611 doi: 10.1097/acm.0000000000003611 id: cord-345064-it26ygo6 author: Lotzin, Annett title: Stressors, coping and symptoms of adjustment disorder in the course of the COVID-19 pandemic – study protocol of the European Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ESTSS) pan-European study date: 2020-08-27 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: During the current COVID-19 pandemic, the people in Europe are exposed to self-isolation, quarantine, job loss, risk of contracting COVID-19, or grief of loved ones. Such a complex array of stressors may lead to symptoms of adjustment disorder or posttraumatic stress disorder. This research protocol describes a study launched by the European Society of Traumatic Stress Studies (ESTSS) to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on symptoms of adjustment disorder across European countries. OBJECTIVE: The longitudinal online cohort study aims (1) to explore psychosocial reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic across ten European countries; (2) to examine the relationships between risk and resilience factors, stressors and symptoms of adjustment disorder during the pandemic; and (3) to investigate whether these relationships are moderated by coping behaviours. METHOD: In ten countries (Austria, Croatia, Georgia, Germany, Italy, Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, and Sweden), between 1,000 and 2,000 participants will be recruited, depending on the size of the country. Participants will be assessed at two timepoints with a six-month interval. Following a conceptual framework based on the WHO’s social framework of health, an assessment of risk and resilience factors, COVID-19 related stressors and pandemic-specific coping behaviours will be measured to estimate their contribution to symptoms of adjustment disorder. The Adjustment Disorder New Module 8 (ADNM-8) will be used to assess symptoms of adjustment disorder. As a secondary measure, symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder will be measure using the Primary Care PTSD Screen for DSM-5 (PC-PTSD-5). DATA ANALYSIS: The relative contribution of risk factors, resilience factors, and stressors on symptoms of adjustment disorder or symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder will be estimated using multilevel analysis. To determine the moderating effects of different types of coping behaviours on these relationships, a multilevel mediation analysis will be carried out. url: https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2020.1780832 doi: 10.1080/20008198.2020.1780832 id: cord-267132-nb0j6k3h author: Loveday, H.P. title: epic3: National Evidence-Based Guidelines for Preventing Healthcare-Associated Infections in NHS Hospitals in England date: 2013-12-10 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: National evidence-based guidelines for preventing healthcare-associated infections (HCAI) in National Health Service (NHS) hospitals in England were originally commissioned by the Department of Health and developed during 1998–2000 by a nurse-led multi-professional team of researchers and specialist clinicians. Following extensive consultation, they were first published in January 2001(1) and updated in 2007.(2) A cardinal feature of evidence-based guidelines is that they are subject to timely review in order that new research evidence and technological advances can be identified, appraised and, if shown to be effective for the prevention of HCAI, incorporated into amended guidelines. Periodically updating the evidence base and guideline recommendations is essential in order to maintain their validity and authority. The Department of Health commissioned a review of new evidence and we have updated the evidence base for making infection prevention and control recommendations. A critical assessment of the updated evidence indicated that the epic2 guidelines published in 2007 remain robust, relevant and appropriate, but some guideline recommendations required adjustments to enhance clarity and a number of new recommendations were required. These have been clearly identified in the text. In addition, the synopses of evidence underpinning the guideline recommendations have been updated. These guidelines (epic3) provide comprehensive recommendations for preventing HCAI in hospital and other acute care settings based on the best currently available evidence. National evidence-based guidelines are broad principles of best practice that need to be integrated into local practice guidelines and audited to reduce variation in practice and maintain patient safety. Clinically effective infection prevention and control practice is an essential feature of patient protection. By incorporating these guidelines into routine daily clinical practice, patient safety can be enhanced and the risk of patients acquiring an infection during episodes of health care in NHS hospitals in England can be minimised. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0195-6701(13)60012-2 doi: 10.1016/s0195-6701(13)60012-2 id: cord-354892-24wvly9f author: Low, Daniel M title: Natural Language Processing Reveals Vulnerable Mental Health Support Groups and Heightened Health Anxiety on Reddit During COVID-19: Observational Study date: 2020-10-12 words: 1374.0 sentences: 77.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354892-24wvly9f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354892-24wvly9f.txt summary: A manually chosen LDA model with 10 topics was then applied to all posts across all subreddits (mental health and non-mental health) to assess the distribution of topics, allowing for comparison between the distribution of posts prepandemic vs midpandemic. A manually chosen LDA model created on midpandemic data was applied to posts from r/COVID19_support to assess any change in topic distribution. We analyzed whether the subreddits that most increased in their Health Anxiety topic correlated with the ones that most increased in negative semantic change as measured by the trend analysis, but this was not significant (ρ = -0.046, P = 0.819). Figure S11: Prepandemic LDA model over non-mental health subreddits. Distribution of prepandemic LDA topics for posts in non-mental health subreddits prepandemic (left) and midpandemic (right). abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic is impacting mental health, but it is not clear how people with different types of mental health problems were differentially impacted as the initial wave of cases hit. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to leverage natural language processing (NLP) with the goal of characterizing changes in 15 of the world’s largest mental health support groups (eg, r/schizophrenia, r/SuicideWatch, r/Depression) found on the website Reddit, along with 11 non–mental health groups (eg, r/PersonalFinance, r/conspiracy) during the initial stage of the pandemic. METHODS: We created and released the Reddit Mental Health Dataset including posts from 826,961 unique users from 2018 to 2020. Using regression, we analyzed trends from 90 text-derived features such as sentiment analysis, personal pronouns, and semantic categories. Using supervised machine learning, we classified posts into their respective support groups and interpreted important features to understand how different problems manifest in language. We applied unsupervised methods such as topic modeling and unsupervised clustering to uncover concerns throughout Reddit before and during the pandemic. RESULTS: We found that the r/HealthAnxiety forum showed spikes in posts about COVID-19 early on in January, approximately 2 months before other support groups started posting about the pandemic. There were many features that significantly increased during COVID-19 for specific groups including the categories “economic stress,” “isolation,” and “home,” while others such as “motion” significantly decreased. We found that support groups related to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, eating disorders, and anxiety showed the most negative semantic change during the pandemic out of all mental health groups. Health anxiety emerged as a general theme across Reddit through independent supervised and unsupervised machine learning analyses. For instance, we provide evidence that the concerns of a diverse set of individuals are converging in this unique moment of history; we discovered that the more users posted about COVID-19, the more linguistically similar (less distant) the mental health support groups became to r/HealthAnxiety (ρ=–0.96, P<.001). Using unsupervised clustering, we found the suicidality and loneliness clusters more than doubled in the number of posts during the pandemic. Specifically, the support groups for borderline personality disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder became significantly associated with the suicidality cluster. Furthermore, clusters surrounding self-harm and entertainment emerged. CONCLUSIONS: By using a broad set of NLP techniques and analyzing a baseline of prepandemic posts, we uncovered patterns of how specific mental health problems manifest in language, identified at-risk users, and revealed the distribution of concerns across Reddit, which could help provide better resources to its millions of users. We then demonstrated that textual analysis is sensitive to uncover mental health complaints as they appear in real time, identifying vulnerable groups and alarming themes during COVID-19, and thus may have utility during the ongoing pandemic and other world-changing events such as elections and protests. url: https://doi.org/10.2196/22635 doi: 10.2196/22635 id: cord-301328-13adnvav author: Lowenthal, John title: Overview of the CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory date: 2016-04-24 words: 1656.0 sentences: 76.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301328-13adnvav.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301328-13adnvav.txt summary: Emerging infectious diseases arising from livestock and wildlife pose serious threats to global human health, as shown by a series of continuous outbreaks involving highly pathogenic influenza, SARS, Ebola and MERS. To combat diseases like MERS, we must take a holistic approach that involves the development of early biomarkers of infection, a suite of treatment options (vaccines, anti-viral drugs and antibody therapeutics) and appropriate animal models to test the safety and efficacy of candidate treatments. Examples include the highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus that has decimated poultry production in Asia and claimed over 350 lives since 2003 with continuing regular outbreaks, the Hendra virus in Australia, the Nipah virus in Malaysia and Bangladesh and hemorrhagic fever viruses (Ebola and Marburg), which have emerged from bats via intermediate hosts, such as horses and pigs, to infect and kill humans over the past two decades. abstract: Emerging infectious diseases arising from livestock and wildlife pose serious threats to global human health, as shown by a series of continuous outbreaks involving highly pathogenic influenza, SARS, Ebola and MERS. The risk of pandemics and bioterrorism threats is ever present and growing, but our ability to combat them is limited by the lack of available vaccines, therapeutics and rapid diagnostics. The use of high bio-containment facilities, such as the CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, plays a key role studying these dangerous pathogens and facilitates the development of countermeasures. To combat diseases like MERS, we must take a holistic approach that involves the development of early biomarkers of infection, a suite of treatment options (vaccines, anti-viral drugs and antibody therapeutics) and appropriate animal models to test the safety and efficacy of candidate treatments. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2016.04.007 doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2016.04.007 id: cord-284883-bkydu285 author: Luis Silva, L. title: Brazil Health Care System preparation against COVID-19 date: 2020-05-13 words: 4500.0 sentences: 248.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284883-bkydu285.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284883-bkydu285.txt summary: The historic challenges regarding an insufficient number of health professionals, iniquities in the distribution of human resources (10) , low accessibility to emergency care services (11) , and economic issues create additional pressures to be addressed, aiming is to achieve an adequate COVID-19 response. Taking this point into consideration the present work addresses critical aspects regarding the organization of the emergency network system in Brazil, jointly with the spatial expansion of COVID-19 cases within the country, and to highlight where the efforts currently performed in Brazil were capable of coping with the lack of access to emergency care needed to cope COVID-19 consequences. The result suggests that the use of scarce resources needed to put in order ICU beds are not being directed to municipalities lacking access to emergency care services, despite their high levels of COVID-19 incidence. abstract: Background: The coronavirus disease outbreak from 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a highly contagious virus that claimed thousands of lives around the world and disrupted the health system in many countries. The assessment of emergency capacity in every country is a necessary part of the COVID-19 response efforts. Thus, it is extremely recommended to evaluate the health care system to prepare the country to tackle COVID-19 challenges. Methods and Findings: A retrospective and ecological study was performed with data retrieved from the public national healthcare database (DATASUS). Numbers of intensive care unit and infirmary beds, general or intensivists physicians, nurses, nursing technicians, and ventilators from each Regional Health Unity were extracted, and the beds per health professionals and ventilators per population rates were assessed. The accessibility to health services was also performed using a spatial overlay approach to verify regions that lack assistance. It was found that Brazil lacks equity, integrity, and may struggle to assist with high complexity for the COVID-19 patients in many regions of the country. Conclusions: Brazilian health system is insufficient to tackle the COVID-19 in some regions of the country where the coronavirus may be responsible for high rates of morbidity and mortality. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.09.20096719v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.09.20096719 id: cord-018151-5su98uan author: Lynteris, Christos title: Introduction: Infectious Animals and Epidemic Blame date: 2019-10-12 words: 8567.0 sentences: 354.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-018151-5su98uan.txt txt: ./txt/cord-018151-5su98uan.txt summary: Providing original studies of rats, mosquitoes, marmots, dogs and ''bushmeat'', which at different points in the history of modern medicine and public health have come to embody social and scientific concerns about infection, this volume aims to elucidate the impact of framing non-human animals as epidemic villains. Whether it is stray dogs as spreaders of rabies in colonial and contemporary India, bushmeat as the source of Ebola in West Africa, mosquitoes as vectors of malaria, dengue, Zika and yellow fever in the Global South, or rats and marmots as hosts of plague during the third pandemic, this volume shows framings of non-human animals to be entangled in local webs of signification and, at the same time, to be global agents of modern epidemic imaginaries. abstract: The Introduction to the edited volume summarises the chapters of the volume and discusses their contribution in the context of current historical and anthropological studies of zoonotic and vector-borne disease, with a particular focus on how epidemic blame is articulated in different historical, social and political contexts. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7122954/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-26795-7_1 id: cord-341815-of47ogow author: MORLEY, GEORGINA title: Covid‐19: Ethical Challenges for Nurses date: 2020-05-14 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The Covid‐19 pandemic has highlighted many of the difficult ethical issues that health care professionals confront in caring for patients and families. The decisions such workers face on the front lines are fraught with uncertainty for all stakeholders. Our focus is on the implications for nurses, who are the largest global health care workforce but whose perspectives are not always fully considered. This essay discusses three overarching ethical issues that create a myriad of concerns and will likely affect nurses globally in unique ways: the safety of nurses, patients, colleagues, and families; the allocation of scarce resources; and the changing nature of nurses' relationships with patients and families. We urge policy‐makers to ensure that nurses' voices and perspectives are integrated into both local and global decision‐making so as to minimize the structural injustices many nurses have faced to date. Finally, we urge nurses to seek sources of support throughout this pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/hast.1110 doi: 10.1002/hast.1110 id: cord-305828-kueqo67y author: Ma, Yarong title: Psychological Stress among Health Care Professionals during the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease Outbreak: Cases from Online Consulting Customers date: 2020-06-28 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: During the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, online consulting has been widely used to address mental health problems, including health care professionals (HCPs) caring for COVID-19 patients who experienced substantial psychological distress. AIM: To explore the severity of perceived stress and potential correlates among the HCPs seeking online mental health services during the COVID-19 outbreak. METHODS: A descriptive study was conducted among 34 HCPs to assess levels of psychological distress using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) questionnaire. The HCPs working in different departments were compared using χ(2)-test for categorized variables and t-test for continuous ones, followed by the analysis of covariate (ANCOVA) to compare the perceived stress. Linear regression for the PSS-10 score was performed to identify potential correlates of stress. RESULTS: The sample overall (n=34) showed a relatively moderate level of perceived stress (PSS mean=15.71±4.02) with 38% identified as depressed (PHQ-9≥5) and 24% as suffering from anxiety (GAD-7≥5). Those working at intensive care units (ICUs) or in departments of respiratory medicine (RM) demonstrated significantly higher perceived stress than those at other departments (adjusted mean: 17.48±.96 vs. 13.06±1.25, p=.018, partial η(2)=.173). High perceived stress was most strongly associated with being depressed (beta=.486, p=.002) and working at ICUs/RM (beta=.345, p=.023). CONCLUSIONS: The psychological health status of frontline health care professionals during the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak warrants clinical attention. Online mental health services has played a major role although its effectiveness and barriers to its utilization require further evaluation. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0964339720301087 doi: 10.1016/j.iccn.2020.102905 id: cord-336142-jmetfa6x author: MacDougall, Heather title: Toronto’s Health Department in Action: Influenza in 1918 and SARS in 2003 date: 2006-10-11 words: 10366.0 sentences: 520.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336142-jmetfa6x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336142-jmetfa6x.txt summary: This article compares the Toronto Health Department''s role in controlling the 1918 influenza epidemic with its activities during the SARS outbreak in 2003 and concludes that local health departments are the foundation for successful disease containment, provided that there is effective coordination, communication, and capacity. 3 By comparing and contrasting the way in which public health authorities in Toronto managed the 1918 influenza pandemic and SARS in 2003, we can see how a century of medical advances had conditioned the public and health care professionals to expect prompt control of communicable diseases, speedy development of a prophylactic vaccine, and effective exchange of information at the provincial, national, and international levels. For Toronto''s medical officer and its Local Board of Health (LBH), this presented a challenge, because influenza was not a reportable disease under the 1912 Ontario Public Health Act, and most doctors were hoping that the outbreak would be similar to the one in 1889-90 that had attacked primarily the elderly and apparently provided some immunity to those who survived. abstract: This article compares the Toronto Health Department’s role in controlling the 1918 influenza epidemic with its activities during the SARS outbreak in 2003 and concludes that local health departments are the foundation for successful disease containment, provided that there is effective coordination, communication, and capacity. In 1918, Toronto’s MOH Charles Hastings was the acknowledged leader of efforts to contain the disease, care for the sick, and develop an effective vaccine, because neither a federal health department nor an international body like WHO existed. During the SARS outbreak, Hastings’s successor, Sheela Basrur, discovered that nearly a decade of underfunding and new policy foci such as health promotion had left the department vulnerable when faced with a potential epidemic. Lack of cooperation by provincial and federal authorities added further difficulties to the challenge of organizing contact tracing, quarantine, and isolation for suspected and probable cases and providing information and reassurance to the multi-ethnic population. With growing concern about a flu pandemic, the lessons of the past provide a foundation for future communicable disease control activities. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17035296/ doi: 10.1093/jhmas/jrl042 id: cord-269770-7hau5yge author: MacIntyre, C. Raina title: Respiratory protection for healthcare workers treating Ebola virus disease (EVD): Are facemasks sufficient to meet occupational health and safety obligations? date: 2014-09-08 words: 3406.0 sentences: 155.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269770-7hau5yge.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269770-7hau5yge.txt summary: title: Respiratory protection for healthcare workers treating Ebola virus disease (EVD): Are facemasks sufficient to meet occupational health and safety obligations? Some diseases exclusively transmit through the airborne route in natural setting (e.g. tuberculosis), while other diseases mainly transmit through the droplet or contact modes but short range respiratory aerosols are generated during high risk procedures which increases the risk of infection transmission (Roy and Milton, 2004) . For example, the primary mode of influenza transmission is thought to be droplet (reflected in guidelines which largely recommend surgical masks), but there is increasing evidence that it is also spread by shortrange respiratory aerosols (Bischoff et al., 2013; Tellier, 2009) . Current evidence suggests that human to human transmission occurs predominantly though direct contact with blood and body secretions, (World Health Organization (WHO), 2014a) and this is the basis of the WHO and the CDC recommendations for facemasks to protect HCWs from EVD. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25218265/ doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2014.09.002 id: cord-022066-8aj480hz author: MacPherson, Douglas W. title: Health Screening in Immigrants, Refugees, and International Adoptees date: 2016-09-23 words: 3517.0 sentences: 171.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-022066-8aj480hz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-022066-8aj480hz.txt summary: The legal basis governing inadmissibility to the United States because of health-related conditions and authorization to undertake medical examination to determine that admissibility is found in the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) (Title 8 US Code). Currently, the regulations list the following as communicable diseases of public health significance: • For example, smallpox, poliomyelitis due to wild-type poliovirus, cholera, or viral hemorrhagic fevers (including Ebola) Currently a medical examination is required for all refugees entering the United States and all those applying for an immigrant visa from outside the United States. Currently, some refugee populations being resettled in the United States who are determined to be at increased risk for specific infections receive population-based treatment for malaria and intestinal parasites in addition to the routine immigration medical screening. Those conditions, while not relevant for immigration purposes, can be significant for new arrivals, and their identification and clinical management in the United States is important in some migrant populations. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7152420/ doi: 10.1016/b978-0-323-37506-1.00019-2 id: cord-269164-jdgzx1ss author: Machluf, Yossy title: Gender medicine: Lessons from COVID-19 and other medical conditions for designing health policy date: 2020-09-06 words: 8802.0 sentences: 360.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269164-jdgzx1ss.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269164-jdgzx1ss.txt summary: Then, we highlight a few emerging and influential key themes (detailed below) that should be considered and integrated into a broader approach to gender medicine to inform evidence-based, gender-oriented health policy: (1) Incorporating diverse risk factors (ethnicity, socio-demographic variables, minorities, residence, education, lifestyle habits etc.), in addition to gender, in order to better characterize the needs of sub-populations and properly address their needs; (2) Investigating genderspecific medical profiles of related health conditions, rather than a single disease; (3) The dynamics of gender disparities across developmental stages; and (4) The different levels of analysis: Individual, communal, regional, national and global levels. abstract: Gender-specific differences in the prevalence, incidence, comorbidities, prognosis, severity, risk factors, drug-related aspects and outcomes of various medical conditions are well documented. We present a literature review on the extent to which research in this field has developed over the years, and reveal gaps in gender-sensitive awareness between the clinical portrayal and the translation into gender-specific treatment regimens, guidelines and into gender-oriented preventive strategies and health policies. Subsequently, through the lens of gender, we describe these domains in detail for four selected medical conditions: Asthma, obesity and overweight, chronic kidney disease and coronavirus disease 2019. As some of the key gender differences become more apparent during adolescence, we focus on this developmental stage. Finally, we propose a model which is based on three influential issues: (1) Investigating gender-specific medical profiles of related health conditions, rather than a single disease; (2) The dynamics of gender disparities across developmental stages; and (3) An integrative approach which takes into account additional risk factors (ethnicity, socio-demographic variables, minorities, lifestyle habits etc.). Increasing the awareness of gender-specific medicine in daily practice and in tailored guidelines, already among adolescents, may reduce inequities, facilitate the prediction of future trends and properly address the characteristics and needs of certain subpopulations within each gender. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32953842/ doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i17.3645 id: cord-257821-y3fhubnc author: Maeshiro, Rika title: Public Health Is Essential: COVID-19’s Learnable Moment for Medical Education date: 2020-05-26 words: 2419.0 sentences: 111.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257821-y3fhubnc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257821-y3fhubnc.txt summary: To achieve a more effective medicine–public health relationship in practice, curricula across the continuum of medical education must include explanations of public health systems, the responsibilities of physicians to their local and state governmental public health agencies, and opportunities for collaboration. Recommendations to secure a foundational position in medical education for public health, described by C.-E.A. Winslow as "the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private communities, and individuals," 2 date back for generations and are included in the 1910 Flexner Report. To achieve a more effective medicinepublic health relationship in practice, curricula across the continuum of medical education must include explanations of public health systems, the responsibilities of physicians to their local and state governmental public health agencies, and opportunities for collaboration. To achieve more effective medicinepublic health relationships in practice, medical education across the continuum must include explanations of public health systems, the responsibilities of physicians to their local and state governmental public health agencies, and opportunities for collaboration. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic, an unprecedented challenge for this generation of physicians and for the health care system, has reawakened calls to strengthen the United States’ public health systems. This global event is also a “learnable moment” for medical education—an opportunity to decisively incorporate public health, including public health systems, through the continuum of medical education. Although medical educators have made progress in integrating public health content into medical curricula, “public health” is not a phrase that is consistently used in curricular standards, and public health colleagues are not identified as unique and essential partners to improve and protect health. The COVID-19 crisis has demonstrated how a strong public health system is necessary to support the health of patients and populations, as well as the practice of medicine. Partnerships between medical and public health communities, through individual- and population-based interventions, can also more effectively combat more common threats to health, such as chronic diseases, health inequities, and substance abuse. To achieve a more effective medicine–public health relationship in practice, curricula across the continuum of medical education must include explanations of public health systems, the responsibilities of physicians to their local and state governmental public health agencies, and opportunities for collaboration. Medical education should also prepare physicians to advocate for public health policies, programs, and funding in order to improve and protect the health of their patients and communities. Pandemic COVID-19 demonstrates with laser focus that all physicians are part of public health systems and that public health content has a distinct and critical place across the continuum of medical education to prepare physicians to participate in, collaborate with, and advocate for public health systems. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32452839/ doi: 10.1097/acm.0000000000003517 id: cord-004203-mkr7n1i0 author: Mah, Catherine L. title: What’s Public? What’s Private?: Policy Trade-offs and the Debate Over Mandatory Annual Influenza Vaccination for Health Care Workers date: 2008-05-01 words: 2237.0 sentences: 149.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-004203-mkr7n1i0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-004203-mkr7n1i0.txt summary: What''s Private?: Policy Trade-offs and the Debate Over Mandatory Annual Influenza Vaccination for Health Care Workers In the debate over mandatory annual influenza vaccination for health care workers, for example, proponents as well as opponents of mandatory vaccination may convey arguments in security terms. Determining the place of mandatory influenza vaccination for health care workers thus demands reconciling policy trade-offs and clarifying the underlying disputes hidden in the language of the policy debate. The following commentary addresses the policy challenges represented in the language used by proponents and opponents of mandatory annual influenza vaccination for health care workers, in an attempt to shed light on this heated debate. In terms of language, proponents as well as opponents of mandatory vaccination may convey their arguments in security terms; proponents emphasize subclinical infections among workers and duty of care (public security) while opponents emphasize risk of adverse events (personal security/negative liberty). abstract: Policy decisions about public health services differ from those for personal health services. Both require trade-offs between such policy goals as liberty, security, efficiency, and equity. In public health, however, decisions about who will approve, pay for, and deliver services are often accompanied by decisions on when and how to compel individual behaviour. Policy becomes complex because different stakeholders interpret evidence differently: stakeholders may assign different weights to policy goals and may even define the same goals differently. In the debate over mandatory annual influenza vaccination for health care workers, for example, proponents as well as opponents of mandatory vaccination may convey arguments in security terms. Those in favour of mandatory vaccination emphasize subclinical infections and duty of care (public security) while those opposed emphasize risk of adverse events (personal security). Proponents assert less worker absenteeism (efficiency) while opponents stress coercion and alternate personal infection control measures (liberty and individual rights/responsibilities). Consequently, stakeholders talk past each other. Determining the place of mandatory influenza vaccination for health care workers thus demands reconciling policy trade-offs and clarifying the underlying disputes hidden in the language of the policy debate. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6975919/ doi: 10.1007/bf03405472 id: cord-271975-iygxrlxg author: Maher, Paul J. title: Mapping public health responses with attitude networks: the emergence of opinion‐based groups in the UK’s early COVID‐19 response phase date: 2020-07-04 words: 4273.0 sentences: 249.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271975-iygxrlxg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271975-iygxrlxg.txt summary: However, in times of rapid societal change, novel opinion-based groups can emerge and provide a new basis for partisan identification and divergent collective behaviour. However, as previously seen during the Brexit debate in the United Kingdom, new ''opinion-based groups'' (McGarty, Bliuc, Thomas, & Bongiorno, 2009) can emerge from social processes without clear relations to prior groups or socio-political structures. Using a novel network-based method, we explore whether opposing attitude-based clusters emerge over time and investigate whether factional attitude alignment becomes a basis for divergence in public health behaviour. In two complimentary studies, we investigate (i) the emergence of factional alignment in health attitudes during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, (ii) consequences for maintaining public health behaviour, and (iii) the contribution of pre-existing social categories. These distinct attitudebased factions differed in behavioural compliance, suggesting that trust in science and health officials is a core basis for emerging COVID-19 opinion-based groups. abstract: Partisan patterns of compliance with public health measures are a feature of early COVID‐19 responses. In many cases, these differences in behaviour relate to pre‐existing group identities. However, in times of rapid societal change, novel opinion‐based groups can emerge and provide a new basis for partisan identification and divergent collective behaviour. Here, we use network methods to map the emergence of opposing opinion‐based groups and assess their implications for public health behaviour. In a longitudinal study, we tracked public health attitudes and self‐reported behaviour in a sample of UK participants over four time points. Network visualisation reveal a rift in attitudinal alignment over time and the genesis of two distinct groups characterised by trust, or distrust, in science (Study 1a; N = 253). These groups also diverge in public health behaviour. In a brief follow‐up study (N = 206), we find that this opinion polarization partially reflects underlying societal divides. We discuss implications for opinion‐based group research and public health campaigns. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12396 doi: 10.1111/bjso.12396 id: cord-351892-rmf0azon author: Maldonado-Castellanos, Isaac title: Ethical issues when planning mental health services after COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-07-13 words: 631.0 sentences: 37.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-351892-rmf0azon.txt txt: ./txt/cord-351892-rmf0azon.txt summary: For instance, protection of personal data is a major concern of mental health users that might lead people to feel unsteady when talking about intimate issues Ethical principles like justice, integrity, beneficence, nonmaleficence and autonomy must be incorporated in a new ethical framework to regulate the use of digital technologies related to health services. Culture practices are been transformed after the COVID-19 and new ethical controversies on mental health digital services are yet to be identified (Bauer et al., 2017) . To accomplish this challenge, professionals need to discuss, and review topics related to informed consent, data protection, patient privacy, identity confirmation or digital medical J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f prescription in order to incorporate these subjects when developing contemporary mental health programs. As a psychologist, I think there is an opportunity to adapt to a new social digital complexity by developing new codes of conduct aimed at psychologist, psychiatrist and other mental health professionals. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S187620182030397X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102285 id: cord-318071-9fe96aeb author: Mann, Robert H title: Athletes as community; athletes in community: covid-19, sporting mega-events and athlete health protection date: 2020-04-17 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-102433 doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-102433 id: cord-332099-d50iu975 author: Manrique De Lara, Amaranta title: The COVID-19 Pandemic and Ethics in Mexico Through a Gender Lens date: 2020-08-25 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: In Mexico, significant ethical and social issues have been raised by the COVID-19 pandemic. Some of the most pressing issues are the extent of restrictive measures, the reciprocal duties to healthcare workers, the allocation of scarce resources, and the need for research. While policy and ethical frameworks are being developed to face these problems, the gender perspective has been largely overlooked in most of the issues at stake. Domestic violence is the most prevalent form of violence against women, which can be exacerbated during a pandemic: stress and economic uncertainty are triggers for abuse, and confinement limits access to support networks. Confinement also exacerbates the unfair distribution of unpaid labor, which is disproportionately assigned to women and girls, and highlights inequality in the overall labor market. Lack of security measures has resulted in attacks towards health workers, particularly female nurses, due to fear of contamination. Finally, resource results in lack of access to other health necessities, including sexual and reproductive health services. Research across all disciplines to face—and to learn from—this crisis should be done through a gender lens, because understanding the realities of women is essential to understand the pandemic’s true effects in Mexico and the world. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32840852/ doi: 10.1007/s11673-020-10029-4 id: cord-033331-giku34r9 author: Manrique-Saide, Pablo title: The TIRS trial: protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial assessing the efficacy of preventive targeted indoor residual spraying to reduce Aedes-borne viral illnesses in Merida, Mexico date: 2020-10-08 words: 9912.0 sentences: 487.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-033331-giku34r9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-033331-giku34r9.txt summary: METHODS/DESIGN: We are pursuing a two-arm, parallel, unblinded, cluster randomized controlled trial to quantify the overall efficacy of TIRS in reducing the burden of laboratory-confirmed ABV clinical disease (primary endpoint). Fitting such entomological information to an agent-based model of Yucatan State, Mexico, showed that high levels of TIRS coverage (75% of houses treated once per year) applied preemptively before the typical dengue season (before July) could reduce DENV infections by 89.7% in year 1 and 78.2% cumulatively over the first 5 years of an annual program [32] . Additionally, our project will access the online ABV database managed by Mexico''s National Center of Preventive Programs and Diseases Control (CENAPRECE) [51] to identify all reported symptomatic cases (including all ages, not only children) residing within study clusters in real time, and to map routine vector control actions performed by SSY. abstract: BACKGROUND: Current urban vector control strategies have failed to contain dengue epidemics and to prevent the global expansion of Aedes-borne viruses (ABVs: dengue, chikungunya, Zika). Part of the challenge in sustaining effective ABV control emerges from the paucity of evidence regarding the epidemiological impact of any Aedes control method. A strategy for which there is limited epidemiological evidence is targeted indoor residual spraying (TIRS). TIRS is a modification of classic malaria indoor residual spraying that accounts for Aedes aegypti resting behavior by applying residual insecticides on exposed lower sections of walls (< 1.5 m), under furniture, and on dark surfaces. METHODS/DESIGN: We are pursuing a two-arm, parallel, unblinded, cluster randomized controlled trial to quantify the overall efficacy of TIRS in reducing the burden of laboratory-confirmed ABV clinical disease (primary endpoint). The trial will be conducted in the city of Merida, Yucatan State, Mexico (population ~ 1million), where we will prospectively follow 4600 children aged 2–15 years at enrollment, distributed in 50 clusters of 5 × 5 city blocks each. Clusters will be randomly allocated (n = 25 per arm) using covariate-constrained randomization. A “fried egg” design will be followed, in which all blocks of the 5 × 5 cluster receive the intervention, but all sampling to evaluate the epidemiological and entomological endpoints will occur in the “yolk,” the center 3 × 3 city blocks of each cluster. TIRS will be implemented as a preventive application (~ 1–2 months prior to the beginning of the ABV season). Active monitoring for symptomatic ABV illness will occur through weekly household visits and enhanced surveillance. Annual sero-surveys will be performed after each transmission season and entomological evaluations of Ae. aegypti indoor abundance and ABV infection rates monthly during the period of active surveillance. Epidemiological and entomological evaluation will continue for up to three transmission seasons. DISCUSSION: The findings from this study will provide robust epidemiological evidence of the efficacy of TIRS in reducing ABV illness and infection. If efficacious, TIRS could drive a paradigm shift in Aedes control by considering Ae. aegypti behavior to guide residual insecticide applications and changing deployment to preemptive control (rather than in response to symptomatic cases), two major enhancements to existing practice. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04343521. Registered on 13 April 2020. The protocol also complies with the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) (Additional file 1). PRIMARY SPONSOR: National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIH/NIAID). url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7542575/ doi: 10.1186/s13063-020-04780-7 id: cord-265424-vbn3vwnn author: Mansoor, Marium title: Integrating mental health in COVID-19 crisis: staff mental health referral pathway date: 2020-07-29 words: 776.0 sentences: 56.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-265424-vbn3vwnn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-265424-vbn3vwnn.txt summary: Anticipating the mental health fallout, the department of Psychiatry (DOP) initiated a pathway to provide rapid, confidential and accessible help to all HCWs during this crisis. The DOP in liaison with human resources department formulated an evidence based pathway (Chen et al., 2020; Liu, 2020; Zhang et al., 2020) to address mental health needs of HCWs. The service was free of cost and built on the existing sparse resources (Ahmad, 2007) , with regular review of process in weekly meetings. The HCWs of AKUH were provided with a hotline number that could be used during work hours, to help with COVID-19 related anxiety (refer figure 1). 1) Resistance to seek help and fear of stigma and confidentiality of HCWs. To address this, the record of the evaluation is maintained in a separate folder in lock and key by the DOP. Mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak Online mental health services in China during the COVID-19 outbreak abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102339 doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102339 id: cord-275660-zdw50gt2 author: Mao, Kang title: The potential of an integrated biosensor system with mobile health and wastewater-based epidemiology (iBMW) for the prevention, surveillance, monitoring and intervention of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-16 words: 1735.0 sentences: 89.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275660-zdw50gt2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275660-zdw50gt2.txt summary: A lack of effective methods for screening potential patients, rapidly diagnosing suspected cases, and accurately monitoring the epidemic in real time to prevent the rapid spread of COVID-19 raises significant difficulties in mitigating the epidemic in many countries. In this communication, we discuss the feasibility of an integrated point-of-care biosensor system with mobile health for wastewater-based epidemiology (iBMW) for early warning of COVID-19, screening and diagnosis of potential infectors, and improving health care and public health. We discuss the feasibility of an integrated POC 55 biosensor system with mobile health for wastewater-based epidemiology (iBMW) for early warning 56 of COVID-19, screening and diagnosis of potential infectors, improving patient health care and 57 monitoring public health. The first crucial step is the rapid and accurate diagnosis of COVID-19 to screen potential patients, 62 confirm suspected cases, provide timely health care/treatment, monitor and manage the epidemic 63 (Udugama et al. abstract: The outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) has caused a significant public health challenge worldwide. A lack of effective methods for screening potential patients, rapidly diagnosing suspected cases, and accurately monitoring the epidemic in real time to prevent the rapid spread of COVID-19 raises significant difficulties in mitigating the epidemic in many countries. As effective point-of-care diagnosis tools, simple, low-cost and rapid sensors have the potential to greatly accelerate the screening and diagnosis of suspected patients to improve their treatment and care. In particular, there is evidence that multiple pathogens have been detected in sewage, including SARS-CoV-2, providing significant opportunities for the development of advanced sensors for wastewater-based epidemiology that provide an early warning of the pandemic within the population. Sensors could be used to screen potential carriers, provide real-time monitoring and control of the epidemic, and even support targeted drug screening and delivery within the integration of emerging mobile health (mHealth) technology. In this communication, we discuss the feasibility of an integrated point-of-care biosensor system with mobile health for wastewater-based epidemiology (iBMW) for early warning of COVID-19, screening and diagnosis of potential infectors, and improving health care and public health. The iBMW will provide an effective approach to prevent, evaluate and intervene in a fast, affordable and reliable way, thus enabling real-time guidance for the government in providing effective intervention and evaluating the effectiveness of intervention. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0956566320306072 doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112617 id: cord-284636-oio2zsb0 author: Marko, Curkovic title: Stay home while going out – possible impacts of earthquake co-occurring with COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and vice versa date: 2020-04-22 words: 1039.0 sentences: 52.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284636-oio2zsb0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284636-oio2zsb0.txt summary: title: Stay home while going out – possible impacts of earthquake co-occurring with COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and vice versa Mental health here seems of crucial importance, as the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is characterized by psychological reactions arising from feelings of uncertainty alongside limited availability and possibility for "healthy" coping. It has been widely reported that such a setting has deleterious effects on mental health in persons (in)directly in contact with the infectious agent; persons that are vulnerable to biological and psychological stressors; frontline professionals and members of general public (Brooks et al., 2020; Fiorillo and Gorwood, 2020; Li et al., 2020; Montemurro, 2020; . Even though most of the population is not directly affected, possibility of infection and unprecedented levels of media coverage and exposure amplify the effects on mental health, further deepening the feelings of uncertainty and the state of overwhelming stress (Galea, et al., 2020; Usher et al., 2020) . abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.054 doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.054 id: cord-344307-541hu7so author: Marsch, Lisa A. title: Digital health data-driven approaches to understand human behavior date: 2020-07-12 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Advances in digital technologies and data analytics have created unparalleled opportunities to assess and modify health behavior and thus accelerate the ability of science to understand and contribute to improved health behavior and health outcomes. Digital health data capture the richness and granularity of individuals’ behavior, the confluence of factors that impact behavior in the moment, and the within-individual evolution of behavior over time. These data may contribute to discovery science by revealing digital markers of health/risk behavior as well as translational science by informing personalized and timely models of intervention delivery. And they may help inform diagnostic classification of clinically problematic behavior and the clinical trajectories of diagnosable disorders over time. This manuscript provides a review of the state of the science of digital health data-driven approaches to understanding human behavior. It reviews methods of digital health assessment and sources of digital health data. It provides a synthesis of the scientific literature evaluating how digitally derived empirical data can inform our understanding of health behavior, with a particular focus on understanding the assessment, diagnosis and clinical trajectories of psychiatric disorders. And, it concludes with a discussion of future directions and timely opportunities in this line of research and its clinical application. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32653896/ doi: 10.1038/s41386-020-0761-5 id: cord-272311-91xjkv6m author: Martin, Anastasia title: A Rapid Systematic Review Exploring the Involvement of Medical Students in Pandemics and Other Global Health Emergencies date: 2020-09-02 words: 5655.0 sentences: 337.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272311-91xjkv6m.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272311-91xjkv6m.txt summary: METHODS: A rapid systematic review was undertaken, including articles from online databases discussing the roles, willingness and appropriateness of medical student involvement in global health emergencies. Data were extracted using the predefined standardized form and included: article, author, year, journal, country, article type, article design, aim, area studied (role/willingness/appropriateness/preparedness), article population, setting/context, the number of participants, methodology, outcomes, key findings, relation to past global health emergency (if applicable), comments on the role; comments on willingness, comments on appropriateness, and critical appraisal. Future research should be targeted at filling important gaps in the literature discussed above, including evaluating the effectiveness of different roles undertaken by medical students in global health emergencies and the ethical issues regarding the appropriateness of the medical students'' involvement. abstract: OBJECTIVES: The role of medical students in the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is rapidly evolving. The aim of this review is to explore the involvement of medical students in past global health emergencies, to help inform current and future scenarios. METHODS: A rapid systematic review was undertaken, including articles from online databases discussing the roles, willingness and appropriateness of medical student involvement in global health emergencies. Data were extracted, appraised and written up as a narrative synthesis. This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020177231). RESULTS: Twenty-eight articles were included. Medical students played a wide variety of clinical and nonclinical roles including education and logistics, although medical assistance was the most commonly reported role. Challenges included a lack of preparedness and negative mental health impacts. A total of 91.7% of included articles about willingness found medical students were more willing to be involved than not. CONCLUSIONS: This review shows medical students are capable and willing to be involved in global health emergencies. However, there should be clear protocols for the roles that they play, taking into account the appropriateness. As a rapid review, there were study limitations and more research is required regarding the impact of these roles on medical students and the system. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32873349/ doi: 10.1017/dmp.2020.315 id: cord-308821-j4vylbhy author: Martin, R. title: The role of law in pandemic influenza preparedness in Europe date: 2009-03-04 words: 8243.0 sentences: 341.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308821-j4vylbhy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308821-j4vylbhy.txt summary: The individual nation states within Europe are signatories to the International Health Regulations 2005, but the capacity of states to undertake measures to control communicable disease is constrained by their obligations to comply with EU law. To assist in drawing together national responses to pandemic disease, the PHLawFlu project c was funded to develop public health law expertise across Europe, 2 and to examine the legal underpinning of pandemic disease preparedness across the EU and five further European states. In an attempt to identify the extent to which there is variation in public health legal powers and the consequences of such variation for public health in Europe, the PHLawFlu project is examining the role of national laws in the control of and protection against pandemic human influenza across Europe. abstract: The European Union (EU) is composed of 27 states with widely varying histories, economies, cultures, legal systems, medical systems and approaches to the balance between public good and private right. The individual nation states within Europe are signatories to the International Health Regulations 2005, but the capacity of states to undertake measures to control communicable disease is constrained by their obligations to comply with EU law. Some but not all states are signatories to the Schengen Agreement that provides further constraints on disease control measures. The porous nature of borders between EU states, and of their borders with other non-EU states, limits the extent to which states are able to protect their populations in a disease pandemic. This paper considers the role that public health laws can play in the control of pandemic disease in Europe. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19261313/ doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2009.01.002 id: cord-002230-rtlygovi author: Martineau, Fred P. title: People-centred health systems: building more resilient health systems in the wake of the Ebola crisis date: 2016-09-27 words: 1732.0 sentences: 91.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-002230-rtlygovi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-002230-rtlygovi.txt summary: Many post-Ebola health system strengthening programmes are framed around a notion of health system ''resilience'' that focuses on global rather than local priorities and fails to account for key local social dynamics that shape crisis responses. 5 For health system strengthening initiatives to genuinely improve how health systems respond to major epidemics, commonly framed as building health system ''resilience'', they must therefore understand and address the complex and-crucially-locally constituted relationships and structures that shape how different actors respond to crises in practice. For example, actions taken at a national or global level to contain Ebola virus disease transmission often have paradoxically negative consequences for people''s capacity to withstand or engage with other threats to wellbeing at a local level, in particular non-Ebola health threats, economic opportunities and social cohesion that are a very real threat to survival. abstract: The 2014–2016 West African Ebola outbreak demonstrated the extent to which local social and political dynamics shape health system responses to crises such as epidemics. Many post-Ebola health system strengthening programmes are framed around a notion of health system ‘resilience’ that focuses on global rather than local priorities and fails to account for key local social dynamics that shape crisis responses. Post-crisis health system strengthening efforts require a shift towards a more ‘people-centred’ understanding of resilience that attends to the people, relationships and local contexts that constitute health systems and the practices that produce crisis responses. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5039820/ doi: 10.1093/inthealth/ihw029 id: cord-304280-2a84u4tm author: Masic, Izet title: Public Health Aspects of COVID-19 Infection with Focus on Cardiovascular Diseases date: 2020-03-17 words: 4693.0 sentences: 196.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304280-2a84u4tm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304280-2a84u4tm.txt summary: METHODS: We used method of descriptive analysis of the published papers with described studies about Corona virus connected with CVD, and, also, Guidelines proposed by World Health Organization (WHO) and European Society of Cardiology (ESC), and some other international associations which are included in global fighting against COVID-19 infection. Early COVID-19 case reports suggest that patients with underlying conditions are at higher risk for complications or mortality -up to 50% of hospitalized patients have a chronic medical illness (40% cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease). The clinical effects of pneumonia have been linked to increased risk of CVD up to 10-year follow-up (11) and it is likely that cases infected via respiratory virus outbreaks will experience similar adverse outcomes. The European Medicines Agency (EMA) has issued a statement advising that patients continue treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), despite widely circulated reports that the agents could worsen coronavirus disease (20) . abstract: INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 is the disease caused by an infection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, first identified in the city of Wuhan, in China’s Hubei province in December 2019. COVID-19 was previously known as 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) respiratory disease before the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the official name as COVID-19 in February 2020. AIM: The aim of this study is to search scientific literature in the biomedicine and analyzed current results of investigations regarding morbidity and mortality rates as consequences of COVID-19 infection of Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and other most common chronic diseases which are on the top mortality and morbidity rates in almost all countries in the world. Also, to propose most useful measures how to prevent patients to keep themselves against COVID-19 infection. METHODS: We used method of descriptive analysis of the published papers with described studies about Corona virus connected with CVD, and, also, Guidelines proposed by World Health Organization (WHO) and European Society of Cardiology (ESC), and some other international associations which are included in global fighting against COVID-19 infection. RESULTS: After searching current scientific literature we have acknowledged that not any Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) study in the world during last 5 months from the time when first cases of COVID-10 infection was detected. Also, there is no unique proposed ways of treatments and drugs to protect patients, especially people over 65 years old, who are very risk group to be affected with COVID-19. Expectations that vaccine against COVID-19 will be produced optimal during at least 10 months to 2 years, and in all current Guidelines most important proposed preventive measures are the same like which one described in Strategic documents of WHO, in statements of Declaration of Primary Health Care in Alma Ata in 1978. CONCLUSION: WHO proposed preventive measures can be helpful to everybody. Physicians who work at every level of Health Care Systems, but especially at primary health care level, must follow those recommendations and teach their patients about it. But, the fact is that current focus of COVID-19 epidemic has targeted on protection of physical health of population in global, however, the influence on mental health which will be one of the important consequences of COVID-19 pandemic in the future, and which could be declared as «Post-coronavirus Stress Syndrome„ (PCSS) could be bigger challenge for Global Public Health. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32410896/ doi: 10.5455/msm.2020.32.71-76 id: cord-329412-pzv4dzow author: Massaad, Elie title: Social Media Data Analytics on Telehealth During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-26 words: 1655.0 sentences: 93.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-329412-pzv4dzow.txt txt: ./txt/cord-329412-pzv4dzow.txt summary: Methods: We inquired Twitter public data to access tweets related to telehealth from March 30, 2020 to April 6, 2020. The most common terms appearing alongside ''telehealth'' were "covid", "health", "care", "services", "patients", and "pandemic". The geographic distribution of tweets related to telehealth and having a specific location within the United States (n=19,367) was significantly associated with the number of confirmed Covid-19 cases reported in each state (p<0.001). Our study aims to analyze the dynamics of social media data related to telehealth and understand the public activity to strategically optimize and accelerate the digital health transformation. The 10 most common words apart from "telehealth" that appeared in these tweets were "COVID", "health", "care", "services", "patients", "pandemic", "coronavirus", "healthcare", "access", "need". In this study, we retrieved and analyzed public data available on Twitter to investigate the rapid shift in telehealth adoption amidst the recent coronavirus Covid-19 pandemics. abstract: Introduction: Physical distancing during the coronavirus Covid-19 pandemic has brought telehealth to the forefront to keep up with patient care amidst an international crisis that is exhausting healthcare resources. Understanding and managing health-related concerns resulting from physical distancing measures are of utmost importance. Objectives: To describe and analyze the volume, content, and geospatial distribution of tweets associated with telehealth during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods: We inquired Twitter public data to access tweets related to telehealth from March 30, 2020 to April 6, 2020. We analyzed tweets using natural language processing (NLP) and unsupervised learning methods. Clustering analysis was performed to classify tweets. Geographic tweet distribution was correlated with Covid-19 confirmed cases in the United States. All analyses were carried on the Google Cloud computing service “Google Colab” using Python libraries (Python Software Foundation). Results: A total of 41,329 tweets containing the term “telehealth” were retrieved. The most common terms appearing alongside ‘telehealth’ were “covid”, “health”, “care”, “services”, “patients”, and “pandemic”. Mental health was the most common health-related topic that appeared in our search reflecting a high need for mental healthcare during the pandemic. Similarly, Medicare was the most common appearing health plan mirroring the accelerated access to telehealth and change in coverage policies. The geographic distribution of tweets related to telehealth and having a specific location within the United States (n=19,367) was significantly associated with the number of confirmed Covid-19 cases reported in each state (p<0.001). Conclusion: Social media activity is an accurate reflection of disease burden during the Covid-19 pandemic. Widespread adoption of telehealth-favoring policies is necessary and mostly needed to address mental health problems that may arise in areas of high infection and death rates. url: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.7838 doi: 10.7759/cureus.7838 id: cord-284201-2ofqm7a0 author: Mate, Kedar title: Review of Health Systems of the Middle East and North Africa Region date: 2017-12-31 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: This article is an updated version of the previous edition article by Francisca Ayodeji Akala, volume 4, pp. 542–553, © 2008, Elsevier Inc. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128036785003039 doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-803678-5.00303-9 id: cord-302983-3v5bc80z author: Matterne, Uwe title: Health literacy in the general population in the context of epidemic or pandemic coronavirus outbreak situations: Rapid scoping review date: 2020-10-10 words: 5446.0 sentences: 296.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302983-3v5bc80z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302983-3v5bc80z.txt summary: title: Health literacy in the general population in the context of epidemic or pandemic coronavirus outbreak situations: Rapid scoping review OBJECTIVE: The aim of this rapid scoping review, for which only studies from the general population were considered, was to describe the extent of existing research on HL in the context of previous coronavirus outbreaks (SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2). METHODS: We searched major databases and included publications of quantitative and qualitative studies in English and German on any type of research on the functional, critical and communicative domains of HL conducted in the context of the three outbreaks in the general population. Therefore, the aim of this rapid scoping review, for which only studies from the general population were considered, was to describe the extent of existing research on HL in the context of previous coronavirus outbreaks (SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2). abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this rapid scoping review, for which only studies from the general population were considered, was to describe the extent of existing research on HL in the context of previous coronavirus outbreaks (SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2). METHODS: We searched major databases and included publications of quantitative and qualitative studies in English and German on any type of research on the functional, critical and communicative domains of HL conducted in the context of the three outbreaks in the general population. We extracted and tabulated relevant data and narratively reported where and when the study was conducted, the design and method used, and how HL was measured. RESULTS: 72 studies were included. Three investigated HL or explicitly referred to the concept of HL, 14 were guided by health behaviour theory. We did not find any study designed to develop or psychometrically evaluate pandemic/epidemic HL instruments, or relate pandemic/epidemic or general HL to a pandemic/epidemic outcome, or any controlled intervention study. Type of assessment of the domains of HL varied widely. CONCLUSION: Theory-driven observational studies and interventions, examining whether pandemic-related HL can be improved are needed. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The development and validation of instruments that measure pandemic-related HL is desirable. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0738399120305474?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2020.10.012 id: cord-252161-1ve7heyb author: Maulik, Pallab K. title: Roadmap to strengthen global mental health systems to tackle the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-07-29 words: 3897.0 sentences: 148.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252161-1ve7heyb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252161-1ve7heyb.txt summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID pandemic has been devastating for not only its direct impact on lives, physical health, socio-economic status of individuals, but also for its impact on mental health. Some individuals are affected psychologically more severely and will need additional care. However, the current health system is so fragmented and focused on caring for those infected that management of mental illness has been neglected. An integrated approach is needed to strengthen the health system, service providers and research to not only manage the current mental health problems related to COVID but develop robust strategies to overcome more long-term impact of the pandemic. A series of recommendations are outlined in this paper to help policy makers, service providers and other stakeholders, and research and research funders to strengthen existing mental health systems, develop new ones, and at the same time advance research to mitigate the mental health impact of COVID19. The recommendations refer to low, middle and high resource settings as capabilities vary greatly between countries and within countries. DISCUSSION: The recommendations for policy makers are focused on strengthening leadership and governance, finance mechanisms, and developing programme and policies that especially include the most vulnerable populations. Service provision should focus on accessible and equitable evidence-based community care models commensurate with the existing mental health capacity to deliver care, train existing primary care staff to cater to increased mental health needs, implement prevention and promotion programmes tailored to local needs, and support civil societies and employers to address the increased burden of mental illness. Researchers and research funders should focus on research to develop robust information systems that can be enhanced further by linking with other data sources to run predictive models using artificial intelligence, understand neurobiological mechanisms and community-based interventions to address the pandemic driven mental health problems in an integrated manner and use innovative digital solutions. CONCLUSION: Urgent action is needed to strengthen mental health system in all settings. The recommendations outlined can be used as a guide to develop these further or identify new ones in relation to local needs. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32742305/ doi: 10.1186/s13033-020-00393-4 id: cord-259907-yqmi0cqy author: Maxwell, Cynthia title: Management guidelines for obstetric patients and neonates born to mothers with suspected or probable severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) No. 225, April 2009 date: 2009-10-31 words: 3419.0 sentences: 211.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259907-yqmi0cqy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259907-yqmi0cqy.txt summary: title: Management guidelines for obstetric patients and neonates born to mothers with suspected or probable severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) No. 225, April 2009 Labour triage and antenatal hospital admission Actions • Assessment is made as to whether the patient has suspected or probable SARS [1, 14] • Upon arrival in the labour and delivery triage unit, pregnant patients presenting with fever N38°C and respiratory symptoms and one of the associated symptoms (cough, unexplained hypoxia, shortness of breath, or dyspnea) and history of an exposure to an individual with probable SARS are immediately transferred to the designated isolation room, which is equipped with negative pressure ventilation. • Parents and family are counselled to look for symptoms and signs of SARS in the mother and newborn, especially in the first 10 days following delivery, and to report to any findings to the health care team Summary SARS, a life-threatening respiratory illness caused by a novel coronavirus, was responsible for a worldwide outbreak in 2003. abstract: Abstract Objective This document summarizes the limited experience of SARS in pregnancy and suggests guidelines for management. Outcomes Cases reported from Asia suggest that maternal and fetal outcomes are worsened by SARS during pregnancy. Evidence Medline was searched for relevant articles published in English from 2000 to 2007. Case reports were reviewed and expert opinion sought. Values Recommendations were made according to the guidelines developed by the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19780222/ doi: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2009.05.006 id: cord-261123-emdlh9d9 author: Mazet, Jonna A. K. title: A “One Health” Approach to Address Emerging Zoonoses: The HALI Project in Tanzania date: 2009-12-15 words: 2208.0 sentences: 103.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261123-emdlh9d9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261123-emdlh9d9.txt summary: Jonna Mazet and colleagues describe their work in the Tanzania-based HALI Project, which adopts the "One Health" approach to address emerging zoonoses and that recognizes the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health. The HALI Project Assessing and reducing the impacts of zoonotic diseases and resource limitation on health and livelihoods requires governments, NGOs, and academic institutions to work with citizens to develop interventions that are cost effective, sustainable, and conservation minded. In 2006, the Health for Animals and Livelihood Improvement (HALI; http:// haliproject.wordpress.com/) project was initiated to test the feasibility of the One Health approach in rural Tanzania and to find creative solutions to these problems by investigating the impact of zoonotic disease on the health and livelihoods of rural Tanzanians living in the water-limited Ruaha ecosystem. The HALI Project''s multilevel approach to assessing the impact of the interactions between water and disease in the Ruaha ecosystem by simultaneously investigating the medical, ecological, socioeconomic, and policy issues driving the system. abstract: Jonna Mazet and colleagues describe their work in the Tanzania-based HALI Project, which adopts the “One Health” approach to address emerging zoonoses and that recognizes the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20016689/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000190 id: cord-295693-45etqt72 author: McClure, Elizabeth S title: Racial Capitalism within Public Health: How Occupational Settings Drive COVID-19 Disparities date: 2020-07-03 words: 3450.0 sentences: 210.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295693-45etqt72.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295693-45etqt72.txt summary: In her scholarship on the history of race and medicine, Dr. Dorothy Roberts describes how focusing on "underlying" health conditions and behavioral risk factors allows society "[a] to ignore how disease is caused by political inequality and [b] to justify an unequal system by pointing to the inherent racial difference that disease supposedly reveals" (20) . Under racial capitalism, attention is drawn away from workplace hazards by arguing that workers are inherently at high risk of ill health due to their own racial and behavioral susceptibilities, masking and justifying how labor is structured to concentrate risky, lowwage work among non-White or otherwise marginalized workforces. In the counterfactual scenario of no Black lung function correction but a White hearing correction, industry would owe 31% more in worker''s compensation payouts (this calculation is based on applying the average payout associated with each workers'' compensation award in a typical state (30)). Under racial capitalism, Black workers experience more work-related health damage because they are concentrated in riskier, less protected jobs. abstract: Epidemiology of the U.S. COVID-19 outbreak focuses on individuals’ biology and behaviors, despite centrality of occupational environments in the viral spread. This demonstrates collusion between epidemiology and racial capitalism because it obscures structural influences, absolving industries of responsibility for worker safety. In an empirical example, we analyze economic implications of race-based metrics widely used in occupational epidemiology. In the U.S., White adults have better average lung function and worse hearing than Black adults. Both impaired lung function and hearing are criteria for Worker’s compensation, which is ultimately paid by industry. Compensation for respiratory injury is determined using a race-specific algorithm. For hearing, there is no race adjustment. Selective use of race-specific algorithms for workers’ compensation reduces industries’ liability for worker health, illustrating racial capitalism operating within public health. Widespread and unexamined belief in inherent physiological inferiority of Black Americans perpetuates systems that limit industry payouts for workplace injuries. We see a parallel in the epidemiology of COVID-19 disparities. We tell stories of industries implicated in the outbreak and review how they exemplify racial capitalism. We call on public health professionals to: critically evaluate who is served and neglected by data analysis; and center structural determinants of health in etiological evaluation. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32619007/ doi: 10.1093/aje/kwaa126 id: cord-260985-ria9v2p6 author: McDarby, Geraldine title: The global pool of simulation exercise materials in health emergency preparedness and response: a scoping review with a health system perspective date: 2019-07-29 words: 4748.0 sentences: 237.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-260985-ria9v2p6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260985-ria9v2p6.txt summary: Given the important implications health services resilience has for the protection and improvement of human life, this scoping review was undertaken to determine how the publicly available body of existing global SimEx materials considers health systems, together with health security functions in the event of disruptive emergencies. Given the important implications health services resilience has for the protection and improvement of human life, this scoping review was undertaken to determine how the publicly available body of existing global SimEx materials considers health systems, together with health security functions in the event of disruptive emergencies. SimEx are also an ideal opportunity to test preparedness of the various functions of the health system, particularly health service delivery, in response to PHEs. This would contribute to the development of strong linkages between health systems and health security sectors supporting an integrated approach towards building resilient health systems. abstract: Simulation Exercises (SimEx) are an established tool in defence and allied security sectors, applied extensively in health security initiatives under national or international legislative requirements, particularly the International Health Regulations (2005). There is, however, a paucity of information on SimEx application to test the functionality of health systems alongside emergency preparedness, response and recovery. Given the important implications health services resilience has for the protection and improvement of human life, this scoping review was undertaken to determine how the publicly available body of existing global SimEx materials considers health systems, together with health security functions in the event of disruptive emergencies. The global review identified 668 articles from literature and 73 products from institutional sources. Relevant screening identified 51 materials suitable to examine from a health system lens using the six health system building blocks as per the WHO Health System Framework. Eight materials were identified for further examination of their ability to test health system functionality from a resilience perspective. SimEx are an effective approach used extensively within health security and emergency response sectors but is not yet adequately used to test health system resilience. Currently available SimEx materials lack an integrated health system perspective and have a limited focus on the quality of services delivered within the context of response to a public health emergency. The materials do not focus on the ability of systems to effectively maintain core services during response. Without adjustment of the scope and focus, currently available SimEx materials do not have the capacity to test health systems to support the development of resilient health systems. Dedicated SimEx materials are urgently needed to fill this gap and harness their potential as an operational tool to contribute to improvements in health systems. They can act as effective global goods to allow testing of different functional aspects of health systems and service delivery alongside emergency preparedness and response. The work was conducted within the scope of the Tackling Deadly Diseases in Africa Programme, funded by the UK Department for International Development, which seeks to strengthen collaboration between the health system and health security clusters to promote health security and build resilient health systems. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31406594/ doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001687 id: cord-313729-mydyc68y author: McDiarmid, Melissa A. title: Hazards of the Health Care Sector: Looking Beyond Infectious Disease date: 2014-11-25 words: 2949.0 sentences: 156.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-313729-mydyc68y.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313729-mydyc68y.txt summary: BACKGROUND: Possessing every hazard class, the health care sector poses significant health threats to its workforce in both high-resource settings and lowand middle-income countries (LMICs). 5 Although preventing exposure to infectious agents and musculoskeletal injuries resulting from patient lifting have been the primary focus of employee safety programs, the chemical hazards in health care have been more slowly recognized. 10 Bloodborne pathogens, which include viruses capable of causing hepatitis or HIV infections continue to threaten health workers in both high-resource areas and in LMICs. 17 In developing countries, 40% to 65% of hepatitis B (HBV) and C virus (HCV) infections in health care workers were attributed to percutaneous occupational exposure. 29 The basic occupational health approach to minimizing exposure to any workplace hazard uses a combination of protective industrial hygiene control methods that are applied in a specified order or hierarchy. abstract: BACKGROUND: Possessing every hazard class, the health care sector poses significant health threats to its workforce in both high-resource settings and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). OBJECTIVES: The aim of this paper was to examine the applicability of the classical hierarchy of hazard control technologies in resource-constrained health care settings. METHODS: Using a biologic and chemical hazard example, the hazard control hierarchy was applied for risk mitigation. FINDINGS: Even when resource constraints force a reordered selection of hazard control elements, risk reduction can be achieved across a variety of hazard classes. CONCLUSION: For LMICs with limited resources, the hazard control hierarchy can be effectively employed, although the selection of methods may be reordered, to achieve significant hazard control. Such prevention strategies can thereby strengthen and sustain a critical pillar of the health system, its workforce. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aogh.2014.08.001 doi: 10.1016/j.aogh.2014.08.001 id: cord-294496-4hhx1mdk author: McGrail, Matthew R. title: Exploring preference for, and uptake of, rural medical internships, a key issue for supporting rural training pathways date: 2020-10-08 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: Improved medical care access for rural populations continues to be a major concern. There remains little published evidence about postgraduate rural pathways of junior doctors, which may have strong implications for a long-term skilled rural workforce. This exploratory study describes and compares preferences for, and uptake of, rural internships by new domestic and international graduates of Victorian medical schools during a period of rural internship position expansion. METHODS: We used administrative data of all new Victorian medical graduates’ location preference and accepted location of internship positions for 2013–16. Associations between preferred internship location and accepted internship position were explored including by rurality and year. Moreover, data were stratified between ‘domestic graduates’ (Australian and New Zealand citizens or permanent residents) and ‘international graduates’ (temporary residents who graduated from an Australian university). RESULTS: Across 2013–16, there were 4562 applicants who filled 3130 internship positions (46% oversubscribed). Domestic graduates filled most (69.7%, 457/656) rural internship positions, but significantly less than metropolitan positions (92.2%, p < 0.001). Only 20.1% (551/2737) included a rural location in their top five preferences, less than for international graduates (34.4%, p < 0.001). A greater proportion of rural compared with metropolitan interns accepted a position not in their top five preferences (36.1% versus 7.4%, p < 0.001). The proportion nominating a rural location in their preference list increased across 2013–2016. CONCLUSIONS: The preferences for, and uptake of, rural internship positions by domestic graduates is sub-optimal for growing a rural workforce from local graduates. Current actions that have increased the number of rural positions are unlikely to be sufficient as a stand-alone intervention, thus regional areas must rely on international graduates. Strategies are needed to increase the attractiveness of rural internships for domestic students so that more graduates from rural undergraduate medical training are retained rurally. Further research could explore whether the uptake of rural internships is facilitated by aligning these positions with protected opportunities to continue vocational training in regionally-based or metropolitan fellowships. Increased understanding is needed of the factors impacting work location decisions of junior doctors, particularly those with some rural career intent. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-020-05779-1 doi: 10.1186/s12913-020-05779-1 id: cord-261923-g8r6xi2t author: McKee, Martin title: Learning from success: how has Hungary responded to the COVID pandemic? date: 2020-07-27 words: 1428.0 sentences: 88.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261923-g8r6xi2t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261923-g8r6xi2t.txt summary: There are many outstanding questions about the meaning of antibody tests, with evidence that they may decline in the weeks following infection in some people (Seow et al., 2020) , although fortunately it now seems that this does not equate to declining immunity as responses by T cells are emerging as equally or more important, albeit more difficult to measure. Given that sampling for PCR testing is not a pleasant experience, requiring swabs to be inserted into the nasopharynx, the research team is to be applauded for achieving a response rate of 66%. It is important to recognise that the responses to this pandemic themselves have consequences for health, for example by reducing access to medical care for those with non-COVID illnesses. Managing COVID-19 spread with voluntary public-health measures: Sweden as a case study for pandemic control abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32720206/ doi: 10.1007/s11357-020-00240-x id: cord-017224-naromr0a author: McLeish, Caitriona title: Evolving Biosecurity Frameworks date: 2016-12-06 words: 6005.0 sentences: 257.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-017224-naromr0a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-017224-naromr0a.txt summary: The relationship between infectious disease and security concerns has undergone an evolution since the end of the Cold War. What was previously seen as two separate domains – public health and national security – have, through various events and disease outbreaks in the last 15 years, become intertwined and as a result biosecurity policies now need to address a spectrum of disease threats that encompass natural outbreaks, accidental releases and the deliberate use of disease as weapons. Calling it niche is not to say that bioterrorism had not been considered a security threat prior to 2001many commentators had noted the potential (see for example Stern, 1993; Tucker, 1996 Tucker, , 2000 Moodie and Roberts, 1997; Smithson and Levy, 2000) ; table top exercises had been conducted, domestic preparedness programmes initiated (Guillemin, 2011, p7) , and in countries such as the US, policy directives had been crafted that gave the highest priority to "developing effective capabilities to detect, prevent, defeat and manage the consequences of nuclear, biological or chemical materials or weapons use by terrorists" (United States, 1995) . abstract: The relationship between infectious disease and security concerns has undergone an evolution since the end of the Cold War. What was previously seen as two separate domains – public health and national security – have, through various events and disease outbreaks in the last 15 years, become intertwined and as a result biosecurity policies now need to address a spectrum of disease threats that encompass natural outbreaks, accidental releases and the deliberate use of disease as weapons. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7121729/ doi: 10.1057/978-1-137-53675-4_4 id: cord-330755-7kvaduoq author: McMahon, Meghan title: Informing Canada's Health System Response to COVID-19: Priorities for Health Services and Policy Research date: 2020-08-17 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: To inform Canada's research response to COVID-19, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research's Institute of Health Services and Policy Research (IHSPR) conducted a rapid-cycle priority identification process. Seven COVID-19 priorities for health services and policy research were identified: system adaptation and organization of care; resource allocation decision-making and ethics; rapid synthesis and comparative policy analysis of the COVID-19 response and outcomes; healthcare workforce; virtual care; long-term consequences of the pandemic; and public and patient engagement. Three additional cross-cutting themes were identified: supporting the health of Indigenous Peoples and vulnerable populations, data and digital infrastructure, and learning health systems and knowledge platforms. IHSPR hopes these research priorities will contribute to the broader ecosystem for collective research investment and action. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32813643/ doi: 10.12927/hcpol.2020.26249 id: cord-290171-hmzwhrpi author: Meade, Cathy D. title: 20 Years Later: Continued Relevance of Cancer, Culture, and Literacy in Cancer Education for Social Justice and Health Equity date: 2020-07-08 words: 1770.0 sentences: 76.0 pages: flesch: 28.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290171-hmzwhrpi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290171-hmzwhrpi.txt summary: In this editorial, we highlight the continued relevance of culture and health literacy in cancer education, and the promising opportunity that technology may play to advance health equity and social justice. Available literature on healthcare disparities continue to highlight extant issues with cancer prevention, screening and survivorship, clinical trial enrollment, therapy adherence, and treatment modality variations (access and selection) among underserved and racial/ethnic minority populations [10] [11] [12] , suggesting that many inequities stem from the fact that people experience and interpret disease and treatment differently (cultural influences), and many groups have different and unequal access to healthcare services and information (health literacy influences). To keep "CCL" at the forefront of our field, we need to develop guiding research and practice paradigms that integrate culture and literacy, intersectional frameworks, and policy change informed by fresh critical perspectives to bring to light social, historical, economic, and political conditions that give rise to both health and disease. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13187-020-01817-y doi: 10.1007/s13187-020-01817-y id: cord-294784-r84td2i0 author: Meessen, Bruno title: Health system governance: welcoming the reboot date: 2020-08-10 words: 3515.0 sentences: 201.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294784-r84td2i0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294784-r84td2i0.txt summary: ► The focus on collective agency broadens the perspective for action: the governance of the health system is not only about the ministry of health doing well certain things, it is about groups of individuals being able to organise their collective action, through the state, but also through other mechanisms. Our proposition is to organise the analysis around four main sets of variables: (1) the set of collective action problems to solve (let us call it P) (2) the group of individuals facing this P (G),(3) the set of possible actions (A) that members of G can take at a time t in order to handle P and (4) the conditions (C) determining the choice set A. The set of possible actions A is itself determined by a set of conditions (C): the size and composition of G, the nature, quantity and distribution of resources (including information and trust) endowed by its members, their preferences, organisations (eg, the ministry of health) and other institutional arrangements in place, as well as external factors such as available technology or security. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002404 doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002404 id: cord-328315-idel6l11 author: Mellor, Nicholas title: Experience of Using Simulation Technology and Analytics During the Ebola Crisis to Empower Frontline Health Workers and Improve the Integrity of Public Health Systems date: 2016-12-31 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Abstract The Ebola outbreak highlighted the challenge of health security and particularly of how best to give frontline workers the knowledge, confidence and competence to respond effectively. The goal was to develop a tool to improve infection prevention and control through local capacity building within the context of an emergency response. The research showed that digital technology could be a powerful ‘force multiplier’ allowing much greater access to high fidelity training during an outbreak and keeping it current as protocols evolved or new safety critical steps were identified. Tailoring training to the local context was crucial to its relevance and accessibility. This initiative used a novel approach to the development of the training tool – ebuddi. It used agile development to co-create the tool with active participation of local communities. A further pilot showed how it could be extended to meet the longer term needs of triage training and ensure better quality assurance. In the longer term it may have the potential to improve compliance with International Health Regulations, be adapted for future emergencies, and contribute to global health security. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.08.062 doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2016.08.062 id: cord-291821-ovfqfurf author: Memish, Ziad A title: Emergence of medicine for mass gatherings: lessons from the Hajj date: 2011-12-19 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Although definitions of mass gatherings (MG) vary greatly, they consist of large numbers of people attending an event at a specific site for a finite time. Examples of MGs include World Youth Day, the summer and winter Olympics, rock concerts, and political rallies. Some of the largest MGs are spiritual in nature. Among all MGs, the public health issues, associated with the Hajj (an annual pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia) is clearly the best reported—probably because of its international or even intercontinental implications in terms of the spread of infectious disease. Hajj routinely attracts 2·5 million Muslims for worship. WHO's global health initiatives have converged with Saudi Arabia's efforts to ensure the wellbeing of pilgrims, contain infectious diseases, and reinforce global health security through the management of the Hajj. Both initiatives emphasise the importance of MG health policies guided by sound evidence and based on experience and the timeliness of calls for a new academic science-based specialty of MG medicine. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1473309911703371 doi: 10.1016/s1473-3099(11)70337-1 id: cord-009234-v4wlz3fa author: Merianos, Angela title: International Health Regulations (2005) date: 2005-10-06 words: 1895.0 sentences: 101.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-009234-v4wlz3fa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-009234-v4wlz3fa.txt summary: 6 The purpose and scope of the IHR (2005) are to prevent, protect against, control, and provide a public-health response to the international spread of disease in ways that are commensurate with and restricted to publichealth risks, while avoiding unnecessary interference with international traffic and trade. Criteria include morbidity, mortality, whether the event is unusual or unexpected, its potential to have a major public-health effect, whether external assistance is needed to detect, investigate, respond, and control the current event, if there is a potential for international spread, or if there is a significant risk to international travel or trade. The revised IHR set out core capacities of a country''s preparedness to detect and respond to health threats-early Events detected by national surveillance system Unusual diseases which must be notified: Smallpox Wild poliovirus Human influenza (new subtype) Severe acute respiratory syndrome Any event of potential international public-health concern Known epidemic-prone diseases which must be notified: Cholera Pneumonic plague Viral haemorrhagic fevers Yellow fever West Nile fever Other locally or regionally important diseases If yes to any two of these questions abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7138023/ doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(05)67508-3 id: cord-018384-peh5efat author: Merrick, Riki title: Public Health Laboratories date: 2013-07-29 words: 4523.0 sentences: 234.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-018384-peh5efat.txt txt: ./txt/cord-018384-peh5efat.txt summary: Their work informs public health offi cials in state government, allowing for targeted disease surveillance, quicker response to disease outbreak and provides population based data that may lead to new guidelines or policies to protect their residents. Such emergencies might include bioterrorist incidents, newly emerging diseases, and foreign animal disease agents that threaten the nation''s food supply and public health GISN [ 17 ] The WHO Global Infl uenza Surveillance Network (GISN) receives result reports and samples of isolates from participating state and municipal PHLs to monitor infl uenza disease burden, detect potential novel pandemic strains, and obtain suitable virus isolates for vaccine development by promoting workfl ow improvements and refi ning laboratory science operations within the laboratory. Having identifi ed the need to harmonize the adoption of standards across federal programs and PHL functional areas, APHL is actively involved in national standards harmonization activities for laboratoryrelated use cases (information exchange standards for laboratory orders and results, reporting in clinical and public health settings, as well as functional standards for Electronic Health Record System (EHR-S) interactions with PHLs). abstract: This chapter will review the multiple functions of Public Health Laboratories (PHLs), including their differences to commercial clinical laboratories. For example, the types of samples submitted to PHLs differ from those submitted to commercial clinical laboratories. PHLs are critically important to population based healthcare; playing an essential role in the detection of disease outbreaks. This chapter will describe the hierarchical organization of the PHL system in the Unites States, as well as the networks that have been created to support diverse PHL functions such as food safety testing and emergency response to terrorisms or natural disaster. It will briefly describe the standards used by PHLs and how the implementation of standards should further improve patient safety as a whole. In this chapter the reader will be introduced to PHL informatics in the context of the laboratories operational workflow – from test ordering, interfacing with diagnostic instruments, quality control and result reporting and analysis. The reader will also understand the impact of PHL informatics collaboration efforts and its effect on ongoing policy development. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7123241/ doi: 10.1007/978-1-4471-4237-9_16 id: cord-005068-3ddb38de author: Meslin, Eric M. title: Biobanking and public health: is a human rights approach the tie that binds? date: 2011-07-15 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Ethical principles guiding public health and genomic medicine are often at odds: whereas public health practice adopts collectivist principles that emphasize population-based benefits, recent advances in genomic and personalized medicine are grounded in an individualist ethic that privileges informed consent, and the balancing of individual risk and benefit. Indeed, the attraction of personalized medicine is the promise it holds out to help individuals get the “right medicine for the right problem at the right time.” Research biobanks are an effective tool in the genomic medicine toolbox. Biobanking in public health presents a unique case study to unpack some of these issues in more detail. For example, there is a long history of using banked tissue obtained under clinical diagnostic conditions for later public health uses. But despite the collectivist approach of public health, the principles applied to the ethical challenges of biobanking (e.g. informed consent, autonomy, privacy) remain individualist. We demonstrate the value of using human rights as a public health ethics framework to address this tension in biobanking by applying it to two illustrative cases. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7088251/ doi: 10.1007/s00439-011-1061-2 id: cord-306770-hjzlj8k3 author: Mick, Paul title: Aerosol-generating otolaryngology procedures and the need for enhanced PPE during the COVID-19 pandemic: a literature review date: 2020-05-11 words: 6318.0 sentences: 332.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306770-hjzlj8k3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306770-hjzlj8k3.txt summary: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, personal protective equipment (PPE) worn by health care workers is critical for reducing transmission of the infection in health care settings, particularly when aerosol-generating medical procedures (AGMP) are being performed. For example, Givi et al and the Canadian Society of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery [2] call for airborne precautions when performing AGMP on patients for whom the index of suspicion for COVID-19 infection is not high, whereas the World Health Organization, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control, and the Public Health Agency of Canada do not [3, 14, 15] . Measuring the level of aerosolized viral particles in rooms where AGMPs are being performed on patients with COVID-19 would provide indirect evidence of the degree to which these procedures put health care workers at risk of aerosolized transmission, and whether exposure concentration affects risk of infection and/or severity of disease. abstract: BACKGROUND: Adequate personal protective equipment is needed to reduce the rate of transmission of COVID-19 to health care workers. Otolaryngology groups are recommending a higher level of personal protective equipment for aerosol-generating procedures than public health agencies. The objective of the review was to provide evidence that a.) demonstrates which otolaryngology procedures are aerosol-generating, and that b.) clarifies whether the higher level of PPE advocated by otolaryngology groups is justified. MAIN BODY: Health care workers in China who performed tracheotomy during the SARS-CoV-1 epidemic had 4.15 times greater odds of contracting the virus than controls who did not perform tracheotomy (95% CI 2.75–7.54). No other studies provide direct epidemiological evidence of increased aerosolized transmission of viruses during otolaryngology procedures. Experimental evidence has shown that electrocautery, advanced energy devices, open suctioning, and drilling can create aerosolized biological particles. The viral load of COVID-19 is highest in the upper aerodigestive tract, increasing the likelihood that aerosols generated during procedures of the upper aerodigestive tract of infected patients would carry viral material. Cough and normal breathing create aerosols which may increase the risk of transmission during outpatient procedures. A significant proportion of individuals infected with COVID-19 may not have symptoms, raising the likelihood of transmission of the disease to inadequately protected health care workers from patients who do not have probable or confirmed infection. Powered air purifying respirators, if used properly, provide a greater level of filtration than N95 masks and thus may reduce the risk of transmission. CONCLUSION: Direct and indirect evidence suggests that a large number of otolaryngology-head and neck surgery procedures are aerosol generating. Otolaryngologists are likely at high risk of contracting COVID-19 during aerosol generating procedures because they are likely exposed to high viral loads in patients infected with the virus. Based on the precautionary principle, even though the evidence is not definitive, adopting enhanced personal protective equipment protocols is reasonable based on the evidence. Further research is needed to clarify the risk associated with performing various procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the degree to which various personal protective equipment reduces the risk. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32393346/ doi: 10.1186/s40463-020-00424-7 id: cord-016852-4lf8n7mr author: Mihaylova-Garnizova, Raynichka title: Case Study – Bulgaria date: 2012-08-31 words: 2983.0 sentences: 133.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-016852-4lf8n7mr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-016852-4lf8n7mr.txt summary: On one hand, the prioritization of the protection of the civilian population from bioterrorism on the global scene in general, and the emergence of new epidemics of infectious diseases, on the other hand, naturally impose the need for coherence and cooperation of efforts of different institutions in Bulgaria for responding to bioterrorism. Moreover, with respect to prevention of terrorism, including bioterrorism, the Agency performs tasks of surveillance, detection, counteraction and prevention of: The main concern under discussion about SANS''s functions and activities is the order, volume and use of the acquired and analyzed information for the planning to counter a biological attack made by other authorities. In addition to the NCIPD and the Regional Health Inspections, the Ministry of Health manages civilian medical facilities which include hospitals, clinics or departments dealing with infectious diseases on the regional, municipal, and district levels. abstract: The aim of this paper is to map the current situation in Bulgaria’s public healthcare system with regard to bioterrorism response. It explores the main public health threats and focuses specifically on the changing perception of bioterrorism as a potential threat to the country. Furthermore, it explains how this perception is reflected in the existing legal framework and administrative structures. The paper makes the case for the further development of an integrated, flexible and sustainable national management system to respond effectively to emergencies and presents the major challenges for the country in this field. It makes a comparison between military and civilian agencies in their preparedness to respond to naturally occurring emergencies and threats of biological attack. This review points out the higher but still limited capacity of the military medical facilities in Bulgaria. The overall evaluation underlines the need for further strengthening of the relationship between military and civil capabilities and between public healthcare and security and law enforcement structures. As a result the authors make the case for stronger cooperation between military and civil medical facilities as well as for inter-institutional and interdisciplinary dialogue on the expert and political level on biopreparedness in Bulgaria. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7121271/ doi: 10.1007/978-94-007-5273-3_8 id: cord-017281-b1kubfl0 author: Milcent, Carine title: Hospital Institutional Context and Funding date: 2018-02-15 words: 7745.0 sentences: 482.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-017281-b1kubfl0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-017281-b1kubfl0.txt summary: The "non-profit" category mainly consists of organizations owned by government and companies (available data do not permit a disaggregation of the non-profit category by ownership) This fragmented structure is a hurdle to the implementation of any hospital reform, with four main ministries involved: the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security (MoHRSS), the Ministry of Finance (MoF) and obviously the Ministry of Health (MoH). To mitigate this risk, each authority in charge of implementation at the local level is given measurable targets, for instance, the number of people covered by public health insurance at a certain date. Another part of the reform aimed at developing private hospitals is their inclusion into public health insurance schemes. Rules tend to vary depending on the area, but there is an increasing number of cases for which care provided in private healthcare centres can be covered by public insurance schemes. abstract: This chapter focuses on hospital ownership and supervision. Public hospitals are mostly, but not always, under the supervision of the Health Ministry. There are a certain number of other governing bodies that are directly involved in the management of hospitals. A cross-ministry group was set up in 2006 to facilitate the implementation of hospital reforms. Apart from the organizational structure, the funding of hospitals and its evolution is studied. Between 1979 and 1991, the government introduced a co-payment system in healthcare establishments. In 1992, the Ministry of Health officially granted greater autonomy to public hospitals. They were authorized to deliver paid services and to make profits, but were made responsible for their losses and debts. By 2003, central government funding had fallen to 8% of the hospital budget. As a result, public hospitals in China behave very similarly to for-profit firms, while being governed as any traditional public structure. The next step is the current experiment of a Diagnostics Related Group-based payment in China. Along with the financial autonomy of public hospitals, different reforms have been directed at developing private hospitals, even though many obstacles still remain. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7121798/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-69736-9_4 id: cord-278672-pxzsntfg author: Milenkovic, Aleksandar title: Extensions and Adaptations of Existing Medical Information System in Order to Reduce Social Contacts During COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-16 words: 4609.0 sentences: 237.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278672-pxzsntfg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278672-pxzsntfg.txt summary: During outbreaks, especially those with a pandemic character, the following key activities [1] which are updated with COVID-19 strategy [2] have been identified whose strict implementation has an impact on the reduction of number of infected people and suppression of the spread of epidemic: 6 . This paper presents the adaptation and extension of existing medical information system (MIS) as an efficient response to the rapid COVID-19 epidemic spread, mostly through influencing the reduction of social contacts and earliest possible identification of potentially infected persons. According to the research findings the integration of patient self-triage tools into electronic health record (EHR) systems has a great potential in improving the triage efficiency and preventing unnecessary visits during the COVID-19 pandemic. The developed subsystem for the use of existing data from MIS MEDIS.NET in the education of students at the Faculty of Medicine and newly employed workers, as well as for medical research [47] , enables tracking and studying the COVID-19 disease at this stage. abstract: OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this paper is the reduction of the COVID-19 pandemic spread by increasing the degree of social distancing by using and upgrading the existing Medical Information System (MIS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The existing MIS MEDIS.NET, currently used in the largest health center in the Balkans, has been adapted and further developed. RESULTS: During the adaptation of existing MIS MEDIS.NET 4 new and 9 existing modules were developed. A quick questionnaire for the smart triage of patients was also implemented. DISCUSSION: The adapted MIS successfully influenced the reduction of social contacts within the Health Center Nis. The need for the arrival of children and their parents to receive appropriate health certificates for the school enrolment is reduced. The therapy of chronic patients has been prolonged for 6 months via an electronic prescription. An online service for the communication between patients and the chosen physicians is provided. Possible social contacts and exposure to the viral environment of patients are reduced by making appointments in extended slots and at determined physical locations. Patients are notified per SMS or email about the availability of chosen and physician on duty. The social distancing of patients and physicians is also established by sending laboratory analyses per email or SMS. Keeping the central registry for COVID-19 is enabled throughout the country. CONCLUSION: The smart adaptation of MIS, and its collaboration with other state systems can significantly influence the reduction of social contacts and thus mitigate the consequences of COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1386505620305700?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2020.104224 id: cord-294115-7t7kubf6 author: Miralles, Oriol title: Unmet needs, health policies, and actions during the COVID-19 pandemic: a report from six European countries date: 2020-10-15 words: 7255.0 sentences: 343.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294115-7t7kubf6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294115-7t7kubf6.txt summary: The information collected from the six national reports was pulled together and discussed following the key priorities for action outlined in the UN Policy Brief: (1) Right to health and the participation in the decision-making process; (2) Social inclusion and solidarity under conditions of physical distancing; (3) Necessity of adequate, correctly funded care and support services for older adults; and (4) Need to expand participation by older adults, share good practice and harness knowledge and data [4] . In the Frenchspeaking region, the "Plan d''Urgence Hospitalier" was launched on 14th March and focused on ensuring distribution of hospital equipment, including personal protective equipment (PPE), and human resources (e.g., by reduction/ Impact of COVID-19 on health inequity: On 25th May, Belgium had reported 5734 people with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in long-term care facilities (LTCF). abstract: PURPOSE: The United Nations (UN) has published a Policy Brief on the impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) that identifies policies and responses to protect older adults. Our objective was to summarize actions, health policies and clinical guidelines adopted by six European countries (Belgium, France, Italy, Poland, Spain and United Kingdom) during the pandemic, and to assess the impact of national policies on reducing adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in older populations. METHODS: Reports by geriatricians on the measures and actions undertaken by governmental institutions in each country between March and July 2020, as well as the role of primary care during the pandemic, covered three areas: (a) general health strategies related to the pandemic; (b) impact of COVID-19 on health inequity; and (c) initiatives and challenges for the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. RESULTS: In the six countries, COVID-19 mortality in nursing homes ranged from 26 to 66%. Although all countries endorsed the World Health Organization general recommendations, the reports identified the lack of harmonized European guidelines and policies for nursing homes, with competencies transferred to national (or regional) governments. All countries restricted visits in nursing homes, but no specific action plans were provided. The role of primary care was limited by the centralization of the crisis in hospital settings. CONCLUSIONS: The older population has been greatly affected by COVID-19 and by the policies initiated to control its spread. The right to health and dignity are transgenerational; chronological age should not be the sole criterion in policy decisions. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33057981/ doi: 10.1007/s41999-020-00415-x id: cord-024274-jps1j60a author: Miranda, Mary Elizabeth G. title: Rabies Prevention in Asia: Institutionalizing Implementation Capacities date: 2020-05-05 words: 5390.0 sentences: 255.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-024274-jps1j60a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-024274-jps1j60a.txt summary: The focus areas include human rabies prevention through preand postexposure prophylaxis, mass dog vaccination, surveillance and epidemiology, laboratory diagnostic capability, public awareness and risk communication, legislation, dog population management, and establishment and protection of rabies-free zones/areas. Asian countries were urged to develop comprehensive national plans with improved access to modern human vaccines and application of new economical postexposure treatments, better disease diagnosis and surveillance, and processing of data at the national, regional, and global levels, intersectoral collaborative efforts for dog rabies control and plans to expand public and health care worker awareness regarding rabies control and prevention. An example of a successful, sustainable community-based integrated rabies control program is the Bohol Rabies elimination program, implemented as a partnership between the provincial government, the national government line agencies (Health, Agriculture, Education, Interior, and Local Government) and a few nonprofit organizations. abstract: Rabies in Asia and Africa contributes to over 99% of human rabies deaths that occur in the world today. The vast majority or 60% of these deaths are in Asia. Practically, more than four billion people in Asia or about 60% of the world’s population are at risk of getting rabies where an estimated 96% of documented human cases are from an infected dog bite. Canine-mediated rabies is one of the few communicable diseases that can possibly be eliminated by currently available vaccines and tools for veterinary and public health interventions. With a more comprehensive and integrated approach, it is expected that dog rabies will be eliminated in target areas, and there will be an eventual decline and disappearance of human rabies cases. The burden of rabies is primarily on human health but the disease control has to be focused on the animal source. The ultimate goal of a truly regional disease program is to control and eliminate dog-mediated rabies and protect and maintain rabies-free areas in Asia. Current regional efforts aim to strengthen the intercountry coordination, and technical and institutional capacities to manage dog rabies elimination programs. The regional and national implementation efforts provide strategic direction and cooperation to ensure successful implementation of rabies control measures and eventual elimination. The focus areas include human rabies prevention through pre- and postexposure prophylaxis, mass dog vaccination, surveillance and epidemiology, laboratory diagnostic capability, public awareness and risk communication, legislation, dog population management, and establishment and protection of rabies-free zones/areas. Existing mechanisms for implementation, when applied, give emphasis on One Health collaborations. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7196719/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-21084-7_6 id: cord-346894-iy35298o author: Miranda-Schaeubinger, Monica title: A primer for pediatric radiologists on infection control in an era of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-07 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Pediatric radiology departments across the globe face unique challenges in the midst of the current COVID-19 pandemic that have not been addressed in professional guidelines. Providing a safe environment for personnel while continuing to deliver optimal care to patients is feasible when abiding by fundamental recommendations. In this article, we review current infection control practices across the multiple pediatric institutions represented on the Society for Pediatric Radiology (SPR) Quality and Safety committee. We discuss the routes of infectious transmission and appropriate transmission-based precautions, in addition to exploring strategies to optimize personal protective equipment (PPE) supplies. This work serves as a summary of current evidence-based recommendations for infection control, and current best practices specific to pediatric radiologists. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00247-020-04713-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-020-04713-1 doi: 10.1007/s00247-020-04713-1 id: cord-001038-91uj6sph author: Mirza, Nabila title: Steps to a Sustainable Public Health Surveillance Enterprise A Commentary from the International Society for Disease Surveillance date: 2013-07-01 words: 2821.0 sentences: 167.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-001038-91uj6sph.txt txt: ./txt/cord-001038-91uj6sph.txt summary: This paper presents the recommendations of the Sustainable Surveillance Workgroup convened by the International Society for Disease Surveillance (ISDS) to identify strategies for building, strengthening, and maintaining surveillance systems that are equipped to provide data continuity and to handle both established and new data sources and public health surveillance practices. Public health surveillance is defined as, "the systematic and ongoing collection, management, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of information for the purpose of informing the actions of public health decision makers." 3 In addition to providing information about the health status of our communities, surveillance is a foundation of emergency preparedness, food safety, infectious disease outbreak prevention and control, chronic disease assessments, and other key areas that protect the health, economy, and security of the public. abstract: More than a decade into the 21(st) century, the ability to effectively monitor community health status, as well as forecast, detect, and respond to disease outbreaks and other events of public health significance, remains a major challenge. As an issue that affects population health, economic stability, and global security, the public health surveillance enterprise warrants the attention of decision makers at all levels. Public health practitioners responsible for surveillance functions are best positioned to identify the key elements needed for creating and maintaining effective and sustainable surveillance systems. This paper presents the recommendations of the Sustainable Surveillance Workgroup convened by the International Society for Disease Surveillance (ISDS) to identify strategies for building, strengthening, and maintaining surveillance systems that are equipped to provide data continuity and to handle both established and new data sources and public health surveillance practices. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3733763/ doi: 10.5210/ojphi.v5i2.4703 id: cord-029596-tdrhcq7z author: Mjåset, Christer title: On Having a National Strategy in a Time of Crisis: Covid-19 Lessons from Norway date: 2020-05-06 words: 1851.0 sentences: 130.0 pages: flesch: 63.0 cache: ./cache/cord-029596-tdrhcq7z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-029596-tdrhcq7z.txt summary: An emergency unit of leading health care officials was formed, and a clear strategy was developed to flatten the curve of newly infected individuals to prevent overwhelming the health care services and to reduce mortality rates.13 , 14 Based on reports from the Norwegian Institute of Public Health, an early and important measure turned out to be the early and aggressive testing regime.15 It included testing of all people in confirmed contact with confirmed Covid-19 cases, people who recently had been traveling in outbreak areas, such as Italy and China, and screening of people with current airway infections.16 " The information gathered from the test data directly led to the decision on March 12, 2020, to close schools and quarantine everyone entering the country for 14 days, as it was becoming obvious that the virus was spreading freely in communities.17 , 18 As of April 12, Norway had tested 23.21 people per 1,000 population for Covid-19. abstract: Early action and a unified approach by a Norwegian health care system that features universal care and a single public payer has contributed to successes in dealing with the novel coronavirus. There have been challenges, of course, and other factors cannot be overlooked, such as the nation’s relatively healthy population, which is small and well dispersed. This article outlines how Norway has responded, and how others may benefit from that experience. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7371297/ doi: 10.1056/cat.20.0120 id: cord-332625-3rvis2gy author: Modell, Stephen M. title: Religion as a Health Promoter During the 2019/2020 COVID Outbreak: View from Detroit date: 2020-06-16 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The 2019/2020 COVID outbreak has surfaced as a global pandemic. The news has carried stories of the heroic efforts of medical and other health practitioners, with public health officials charting the course of spread. In an urban center like Detroit, the generosity of everyday citizens and church organizations has also played an important role. This inspection of the pandemic from the view of Detroit will examine the epidemiology of the coronavirus, translation of professional practice into people’s awareness of the chronic disease risk factors which are prevalent in Detroit, moral and ethical views on the distribution of resources, and three major ways that religious faith has helped to sustain people’s health and welfare in the midst of the broad social challenges posed by this novel coronavirus. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-020-01052-1 doi: 10.1007/s10943-020-01052-1 id: cord-351411-q9kqjvvf author: Moghadas, Seyed M title: Improving public health policy through infection transmission modelling: Guidelines for creating a Community of Practice date: 2015 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite significant research efforts in Canada, real application of modelling in public health decision making and practice has not yet met its full potential. There is still room to better address the diversity of the Canadian population and ensure that research outcomes are translated for use within their relevant contexts. OBJECTIVES: To strengthen connections to public health practice and to broaden its scope, the Pandemic Influenza Outbreak Research Modelling team partnered with the National Collaborating Centre for Infectious Diseases to hold a national workshop. Its objectives were to: understand areas where modelling terms, methods and results are unclear; share information on how modelling can best be used in informing policy and improving practice, particularly regarding the ways to integrate a focus on health equity considerations; and sustain and advance collaborative work in the development and application of modelling in public health. METHOD: The Use of Mathematical Modelling in Public Health Decision Making for Infectious Diseases workshop brought together research modellers, public health professionals, policymakers and other experts from across the country. Invited presentations set the context for topical discussions in three sessions. A final session generated reflections and recommendations for new opportunities and tasks. CONCLUSIONS: Gaps in content and research include the lack of standard frameworks and a glossary for infectious disease modelling. Consistency in terminology, clear articulation of model parameters and assumptions, and sustained collaboration will help to bridge the divide between research and practice. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26361486/ doi: nan id: cord-338390-v4ncshav author: Moghadas, Seyed M. title: Managing public health crises: the role of models in pandemic preparedness date: 2009-03-02 words: 3087.0 sentences: 135.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338390-v4ncshav.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338390-v4ncshav.txt summary: 4 The workshop brought together public health experts, key decision makers, and infectious disease modelers to: (i) identify the strengths and weaknesses of mathematical models, and suggest ways to improve their predictive ability that will ultimately influence policy effectiveness; and (ii) provide an opportunity for the discussion of priority components of a pandemic plan and determine key parameters that affect policy decision making. These included evaluations and model predictions for antiviral strategies and their implications for drug stockpiling; the role of population contact networks in the emergence and spread of drug-resistance; targeting influenza vaccination at specific age groups; optimal control of pandemic outbreaks; and the usefulness of non-pharmaceutical interventions in disease mitigation. There are two major reasons underlying this evaluation: first, data are limited and prior to the emergence of a novel pandemic strain, it is not possible to study the epidemiological impact of disease or interventions in a real world environment; second, public health authorities would need to be prepared for all the likely scenarios that could influence the outcome of preparedness strategies. abstract: Background Given the enormity of challenges involved in pandemic preparedness, design and implementation of effective and cost‐effective public health policies is a major task that requires an integrated approach through engagement of scientific, administrative, and political communities across disciplines. There is ample evidence to suggest that modeling may be a viable approach to accomplish this task. Methods To demonstrate the importance of synergism between modelers, public health experts, and policymakers, the University of Winnipeg organized an interdisciplinary workshop on the role of models in pandemic preparedness in September 2008. The workshop provided an excellent opportunity to present outcomes of recent scientific investigations that thoroughly evaluate the merits of preventive, therapeutic, and social distancing mechanisms, where community structures, priority groups, healthcare providers, and responders to emergency situations are given specific consideration. Results This interactive workshop was clearly successful in strengthening ties between various disciplines and creating venues for modelers to effectively communicate with policymakers. The importance of modeling in pandemic planning was highlighted, and key parameters that affect policy decision‐making were identified. Core assumptions and important activities in Canadian pandemic plans at the provincial and national levels were also discussed. Conclusions There will be little time for thoughtful and rapid reflection once an influenza pandemic strikes, and therefore preparedness is an unavoidable priority. Modeling and simulations are key resources in pandemic planning to map out interdependencies and support complex decision‐making. Models are most effective in formulating strategies for managing public health crises when there are synergies between modelers, planners, and policymakers. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19496845/ doi: 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2009.00081.x id: cord-033329-gi0mug1p author: Montesi, Michela title: Understanding fake news during the Covid-19 health crisis from the perspective of information behaviour: The case of Spain date: 2020-10-06 words: 8281.0 sentences: 362.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-033329-gi0mug1p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-033329-gi0mug1p.txt summary: A sample of 242 fake news items was collected from the Maldita.es website and analysed according to the criteria of cognitive and affective authority, interactivity, themes and potential danger. The results point to a practical absence of indicators of cognitive authority (53.7%), while the affective authority of these news items is built through mechanisms of discrediting people, ideas or movements (40.7%) and, secondarily, the use of offensive or coarse language (17.7%) and comparison or reference to additional information sources (26.6%). An important part of the research has focused on the analysis of all kinds of information spread via social media (Cinelli et al., 2020; Ferrara, 2020; Singh et al., 2020) , whilst others have suggested interventions for improving news and science literacy as empowering tools for users to identify, consume and share high-quality information (Vraga et al., 2020b) . In this research, a sample of fake news items collected by the Maldita.es project during the Covid-19 health crisis in Spain was classified according to the criteria of authority, interactivity, theme and potential danger. abstract: The health crisis brought about by Covid-19 has generated a heightened need for information as a response to a situation of uncertainty and high emotional load, in which fake news and other informative content have grown dramatically. The aim of this work is to delve into the understanding of fake news from the perspective of information behaviour by analysing a sample of fake news items that were spread in Spain during the Covid-19 health crisis. A sample of 242 fake news items was collected from the Maldita.es website and analysed according to the criteria of cognitive and affective authority, interactivity, themes and potential danger. The results point to a practical absence of indicators of cognitive authority (53.7%), while the affective authority of these news items is built through mechanisms of discrediting people, ideas or movements (40.7%) and, secondarily, the use of offensive or coarse language (17.7%) and comparison or reference to additional information sources (26.6%). Interactivity features allow commenting in 24.3% of the cases. The dominant theme is society (43.1%), followed by politics (26.4%) and science (23.6%). Finally, fake news, for the most part, does not seem to pose any danger to the health or safety of people – the harm it causes is intangible and moral. The author concludes by highlighting the importance of a culture of civic values to combat fake news. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7542543/ doi: 10.1177/0961000620949653 id: cord-321752-agzb8aac author: Montgomery, Joel M. title: Ten years of global disease detection and counting: program accomplishments and lessons learned in building global health security date: 2019-05-10 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32326920/ doi: 10.1186/s12889-019-6769-2 id: cord-322541-yzum868k author: Moon, Suerie title: Will Ebola change the game? Ten essential reforms before the next pandemic. The report of the Harvard-LSHTM Independent Panel on the Global Response to Ebola date: 2015-11-23 words: 11743.0 sentences: 566.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322541-yzum868k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322541-yzum868k.txt summary: The west African Ebola epidemic that began in 2013 exposed deep inadequacies in the national and international institutions responsible for protecting the public from the far-reaching human, social, economic, and political consequences of infectious disease outbreaks. The 19 members come from academia, think tanks and civil society around the world, with expertise in Ebola, disease outbreaks, public and global health, international law, development and humanitarian assistance, and national and global governance. 64 In view of the severity of Ebola virus disease, rapid cross-border spread, weaknesses of the aff ected national health systems, the post-confl ict setting, 65 and repeated warnings from nongovernmental organisations in the region, 12 the Director-General had ample reason to raise international attention by convening the Emergency Committee or declaring a public health emergency of international concern earlier. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0140673615009460 doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(15)00946-0 id: cord-282724-zzkqb0u2 author: Moore, Jason H. title: Ideas for how informaticians can get involved with COVID-19 research date: 2020-05-12 words: 7588.0 sentences: 315.0 pages: flesch: 33.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282724-zzkqb0u2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282724-zzkqb0u2.txt summary: Some key considerations and targets of research include: (1) feature engineering, transforming raw data into features (i.e. variables) that ML can better utilize to represent the problem/target outcome, (2) feature selection, applying expert domain knowledge, statistical methods, and/or ML methods to remove ''irrelevant'' features from consideration and improve downstream modeling, (3) data harmonization, allowing for the integration of data collected at different sites/institutions, (4) handling different outcomes and related challenges, e.g. binary classification, multi-class, quantitative phenotypes, class imbalance, temporal data, multi-labeled data, censored data, and the use of appropriate evaluation metrics, (5) ML algorithm selection for a given problem can be a challenge in itself, thus strategies to integrate the predictions of multiple machine learners as an ensemble are likely to be important, (6) ML modeling pipeline assembly, including critical considerations such as hyper-parameter optimization, accounting for overfitting, and clinical interpretability of trained models, and (7) considering and accounting for covariates as well as sources of bias in data collection, study design, and application of ML tools in order to avoid drawing conclusions based on spurious correlations. abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a significant impact on population health and wellbeing. Biomedical informatics is central to COVID-19 research efforts and for the delivery of healthcare for COVID-19 patients. Critical to this effort is the participation of informaticians who typically work on other basic science or clinical problems. The goal of this editorial is to highlight some examples of COVID-19 research areas that could benefit from informatics expertise. Each research idea summarizes the COVID-19 application area, followed by an informatics methodology, approach, or technology that could make a contribution. It is our hope that this piece will motivate and make it easy for some informaticians to adopt COVID-19 research projects. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32419848/ doi: 10.1186/s13040-020-00213-y id: cord-004256-83crtevc author: Moreno Sancho, Federico title: Development of a tool to assess oral health-related quality of life in patients hospitalised in critical care date: 2019-10-26 words: 4786.0 sentences: 226.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-004256-83crtevc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-004256-83crtevc.txt summary: title: Development of a tool to assess oral health-related quality of life in patients hospitalised in critical care AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: Oral health deteriorates following hospitalisation in critical care units (CCU) but there are no validated measures to assess effects on oral health-related quality of life (OHQoL). A major limiting factor to further research is the absence of a validated tool to measure oral health-related quality of life in CCU patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop and validate a suitable tool to assess the impact of critical care on oral health-related quality of life (OHQoL) and to investigate patient-reported outcome measures of OHQoL in patients hospitalised in a CCU. abstract: AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: Oral health deteriorates following hospitalisation in critical care units (CCU) but there are no validated measures to assess effects on oral health-related quality of life (OHQoL). The objectives of this study were (i) to develop a tool (CCU-OHQoL) to assess OHQoL amongst patients admitted to CCU, (ii) to collect data to analyse the validity, reliability and acceptability of the CCU-OHQoL tool and (iii) to investigate patient-reported outcome measures of OHQoL in patients hospitalised in a CCU. METHODS: The project included three phases: (1) the development of an initial questionnaire informed by a literature review and expert panel, (2) testing of the tool in CCU (n = 18) followed by semi-structured interviews to assess acceptability, face and content validity and (3) final tool modification and testing of CCU-OHQoL questionnaire to assess validity and reliability. RESULTS: The CCU-OHQoL showed good face and content validity and was quick to administer. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.72 suggesting good internal consistency. For construct validity, the CCU-OHQoL was strongly and significantly correlated (correlation coefficients 0.71, 0.62 and 0.77, p < 0.01) with global OHQoL items. In the validation study, 37.8% of the participants reported a deterioration in self-reported oral health after CCU admission. Finally, 26.9% and 31% of the participants reported considerable negative impacts of oral health in their life overall and quality of life, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The new CCU-OHQoL tool may be of use in the assessment of oral health-related quality of life in CCU patients. Deterioration of OHQoL seems to be common in CCU patients. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s11136-019-02335-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorised users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6994456/ doi: 10.1007/s11136-019-02335-1 id: cord-310555-nhnhst3f author: Morgan, Randall C. title: On Answering the Call to Action for COVID-19: Continuing a Bold Legacy of Health Advocacy date: 2020-07-22 words: 3471.0 sentences: 154.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310555-nhnhst3f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310555-nhnhst3f.txt summary: The indelible impacts on our nation from the Coronavirus pandemic along with high fatality rates that disproportionately burden racial and ethnic minorities necessitate long-term coordinated federal, state and local action to improve critical determinants of population health, specifically important health and public health infrastructures as well as emergency and disaster preparedness systems. 22 The 3-year initiative seeks to develop and coordinate a strategic and structured information network of national, state/territorial/tribal and local public and community-based organizations who will mitigate the impacts by 1 : improving the reach of COVID-19-related public health messaging 2 ; increasing connection to healthcare and social services 3 ; decreasing disparities in COVID-19 testing and vaccination rates; and 4 enhancing capacity and infrastructure to support response, recovery, and resilience. abstract: The indelible impacts on our nation from the Coronavirus pandemic along with high fatality rates that disproportionately burden racial and ethnic minorities necessitate long-term coordinated federal, state and local action to improve critical determinants of population health, specifically important health and public health infrastructures as well as emergency and disaster preparedness systems. While our purview as the new pandemic epicenter should be a sufficient driver, coordinated health professionals bringing thoughtful attention to our historical context may be warranted. Prompting our advocacy should be the reality that our collective ability to rebound from such crises may ultimately hinge on protecting and equipping our most vulnerable racial-ethnic minority groups and any susceptible individuals within those populations. Recent historic firsts on behalf of racial and ethnic minorities taken by U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, through the Health Resources and Services Administration, the Office of Minority Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in response to COVID-19, if proven effective, should be considered for permanency within policy, practice and funding. In addition, given the complex history of Black Americans in this country and persistent and substantial Black-white disparities on health and economic measures across the board, the ultimate solution for improving the health and status Black Americans may look slightly different. Influenced by the 400th year anniversary of the first documented arrival of unfree Africans in North America in 1619, as well as the introduction of bills S.1080 and H.R.40 into Congress (The Commission to Study and Develop Reparation Proposals for African-Americans Act), some kind of reparations for Black Americans might serve as the logical starting point for further advocacy. Nevertheless, we remain supportive allies of all organizations concerned with communities who suffer the weight of this pandemic and any future world health disasters. What is additionally needed is a thoughtful unification of efforts and a commitment to sustained progress with measurable results for as long as the need exists and certainly for the foreseeable future. Let us as humane clinicians and public health professionals capture this moment of challenge and follow through on this urgent call to action. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32711898/ doi: 10.1016/j.jnma.2020.06.011 id: cord-282147-oq30pax6 author: Morris, Chad D. title: Nicotine and Opioids: a Call for Co-treatment as the Standard of Care date: 2020-06-03 words: 6610.0 sentences: 390.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282147-oq30pax6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282147-oq30pax6.txt summary: There are a number of oft cited barriers to addressing smoking in treatment settings including concerns that 1 agency census levels and completion rates will drop, 2 tobacco users will be less likely to seek addiction treatment, 3 patients are neither interested in tobacco cessation nor able to successfully quit tobacco, 4 patients will relapse to alcohol or drug use if they attempted to quit tobacco, 5 tobacco-free policies will be difficult to enforce, 6 clinicians lack the skills to effectively treat tobacco dependence, and 7 clinicians have too many competing demands preventing attention to smoking cessation. Additionally, regardless of the screening and brief intervention model employed, establishing a SUD patient registry, which includes both opioids and nicotine use, within a practice-based research and/or health care network allows for better data aggregation, patient identification, and stratification to appropriate treatment levels. abstract: The U.S. is in the midst of an opioid epidemic. At the same time, tobacco use remains the leading cause of preventable death and disability. While the shared biological underpinnings of nicotine and opioid addiction are well established, clinical implications for co-treatment of these two substance use disorders has not been emphasized in the literature, nor have researchers, clinicians, and policy makers adequately outlined pathways for incorporating co-treatment into existing clinical workflows. The current brief review characterizes the metabolic and neural mechanisms which mediate co-use of nicotine and opioids, and then outlines clinical and policy implications for concurrently addressing these two deadly epidemics. Screening, assessment, medication-assisted treatment (MAT), and tobacco-free policy are discussed. The evidence suggests that clinical care and policies that facilitate co-treatment are an expedient means of delivering healthcare to individuals that result in better health for the population while also meeting patients’ substance abuse disorder recovery goals. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11414-020-09712-6 doi: 10.1007/s11414-020-09712-6 id: cord-272498-s58l65s4 author: Moyer, Jeff title: A time of reflection: a time for change date: 2020-05-12 words: 852.0 sentences: 41.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272498-s58l65s4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272498-s58l65s4.txt summary: At the same time, our modern, conventional farming systems contribute up to a quarter of global greenhouse emissions and rely on toxic inputs that threaten our health, biodiversity, clean air and water, and our soil''s long-term capacity to produce food-all of which ultimately jeopardize the future of human health and all of which can be mitigated by changing the model. Regenerative organic agriculture, on the other hand, envisions a future in which farming, healthcare, and food production practices inform a prevention and intervention-based approach to human and planetary health. By integrating our food production and healthcare systems, transitioning to a regenerative organic farming model, building in access to food that improves health rather than compromises it and emphasizing nutrition and lifestyle choices that prevent disease, we could radically change the system and take control of our health through farming. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32398895/ doi: 10.1007/s10460-020-10075-z id: cord-256636-z14anp3h author: Muennig, Peter title: Determining the Optimal Outcome Measures for Studying the Social Determinants of Health date: 2020-04-27 words: 5688.0 sentences: 266.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256636-z14anp3h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256636-z14anp3h.txt summary: In this paper, we describe a case study in which leading global experts systematically: (1) developed a conceptual model that outlines the potential pathways through which a social policy influences health, (2) fits outcome measures to this conceptual model, and (3) estimates an optimal time frame for collection of the selected outcome measures. The treatment group is offered three years of employment coaching that uses an explicit methodology for helping participants set and achieve goals across four domains (employment, education/training, financial management, and personal and family wellbeing) with an explicit focus on identifying and addressing "executive function" challenges that get in the way of goal-achievement in these domains [30] . The initial conceptual model for MyGoals for Healthy Aging (Figure 2 ) was simply drawn out by a handful of experts in the social determinants of health. The initial conceptual model for MyGoals for Healthy Aging (Figure 2 ) was simply drawn out by a handful of experts in the social determinants of health. abstract: Americans have significantly poorer health outcomes and shorter longevity than citizens of other industrialized nations. Poverty is a major driver of these poor health outcomes in the United States. Innovative anti-poverty policies may help reduce economic malaise thereby increasing the health and longevity of the most vulnerable Americans. However, there is no consensus framework for studying the health impacts of anti-poverty social policies. In this paper, we describe a case study in which leading global experts systematically: (1) developed a conceptual model that outlines the potential pathways through which a social policy influences health, (2) fits outcome measures to this conceptual model, and (3) estimates an optimal time frame for collection of the selected outcome measures. This systematic process, called the Delphi method, has the potential to produce estimates more quickly and with less bias than might be achieved through expert panel discussions alone. Our case study is a multi-component randomized-controlled trial (RCT) of a workforce policy called MyGoals for Healthy Aging. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32349268/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17093028 id: cord-323482-kk8iyavj author: Muller, Researcher Ashley Elizabeth title: The mental health impact of the covid-19 pandemic on healthcare workers, and interventions to help them: a rapid systematic review date: 2020-09-01 words: 5341.0 sentences: 282.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323482-kk8iyavj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323482-kk8iyavj.txt summary: We performed a rapid systematic review to identify, assess and summarize research on the mental health impact of the covid-19 pandemic on HCWs (healthcare workers). Our main aim was to perform an updated and more comprehensive rapid systematic review to identify, assess and summarize available research on the mental health impact of the covid-19 pandemic on healthcare workers, including a) changes over time, b) prevalence of mental health problems and risk/resilience factors, c) strategies and resources used by healthcare providers to protect their own mental health, d) perceived need and preferences for interventions, and e) healthcare workers'' understandings of their own mental health during the pandemic. show the distribution of anxiety, depression, distress, and sleeping problems among the healthcare workers investigated in the 29 studies, using the authors'' own methods of assessing these outcomes The most commonly reported protective factor associated with reduced risk of mental health problems was having social support 48 ,58 ,69 ,74 . abstract: The covid-19 pandemic has heavily burdened healthcare systems throughout the world. We performed a rapid systematic review to identify, assess and summarize research on the mental health impact of the covid-19 pandemic on HCWs (healthcare workers). We utilized the Norwegian Institute of Public Health's Live map of covid-19 evidence on 11 May and included 59 studies. Six reported on implementing interventions, but none reported on effects of the interventions. HCWs reported low interest in professional help, and greater reliance on social support and contact. Exposure to covid-19 was the most commonly reported correlate of mental health problems, followed by female gender, and worry about infection or about infecting others. Social support correlated with less mental health problems. HCWs reported anxiety, depression, sleep problems, and distress during the covid-19 pandemic. We assessed the certainty of the estimates of prevalence of these symptoms as very low using GRADE. Most studies did not report comparative data on mental health symptoms before the pandemic or in the general population. There seems to be a mismatch between risk factors for adverse mental health outcomes among HCWs in the current pandemic, their needs and preferences, and the individual psychopathology focus of current interventions. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113441 doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113441 id: cord-016295-1uey49ou author: Mulvad, Gert title: Arctic health problems and environmental challenges in Greenland date: 2007 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7120540/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-48514-8_21 id: cord-334353-nc2jhemz author: Murphy, Thérèse title: IS HUMAN RIGHTS PREPARED? RISK, RIGHTS AND PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCIES date: 2009-05-08 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1093/medlaw/fwp007 doi: 10.1093/medlaw/fwp007 id: cord-304455-z5n9ys86 author: Murray, Jillian title: Infectious Disease Surveillance date: 2017-12-31 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: World Health Organization retains copyright in the manuscript and provides Elsevier the permission to publish the manuscript as a chapter in this book. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/B9780128036785005178 doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-803678-5.00517-8 id: cord-282824-t0i7tf5d author: Musto, Richard title: Health services restructuring in Alberta and the 2009 pandemic influenza—An untimely concurrence date: 2020-03-10 words: 2862.0 sentences: 117.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282824-t0i7tf5d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282824-t0i7tf5d.txt summary: In this retrospective, the authors reflect on challenges and opportunities presented during the AHS PI response related to the coordination of public health, laboratory services, emergency and disaster management, communications, and health services delivery. 4 In this retrospective, the authors draw from these and their own personal recollections and reflect on challenges experienced and opportunities presented during the AHS PI response related particularly to the coordination of public health, emergency and disaster management, communications, and health services delivery. In the absence of an AHS Incident Management System (IMS), an ad hoc AHS Emergency Operations Centre (EOC) was established and co-located with the AHW EOC, to facilitate sharing of information, planning, decision-making, and communication required to support a coordinated, provincial Wave I response. The AHS command and control structure included an Executive Policy Group, AHS provincial Emergency Coordination Centre, five Zone EOCs, and numerous site and service command posts, that provided strong and consistent support to operations and the frontline staff and enabled a more effective, timely and provincially collaborative management of Wave II. abstract: In the last 12 years, every Canadian province and territory has undertaken significant health services restructuring, with the pace of change accelerating recently. When the H1N1 Pandemic Influenza (PI) hit Alberta in the spring of 2009, the province had just begun a restructuring of health services of a scale unprecedented in Canada. The new province-wide entity, Alberta Health Services (AHS), was faced with mounting an effective response to a global communicable disease outbreak during a time of great organizational flux. In this retrospective, the authors reflect on challenges and opportunities presented during the AHS PI response related to the coordination of public health, laboratory services, emergency and disaster management, communications, and health services delivery. Lessons learned are shared that may be helpful to other provinces and territories as they continue to evolve their systems, so that they may be better prepared to respond to an untimely event such as a pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32153217/ doi: 10.1177/0840470420909121 id: cord-315513-jw7131ye author: Méndez, Claudio A. title: The 2019 crisis in Chile: fundamental change needed, not just technical fixes to the health system date: 2020-08-03 words: 2706.0 sentences: 159.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315513-jw7131ye.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315513-jw7131ye.txt summary: On 23 October, President Sebastián Piñera responded to growing demands with an "agenda social" (social agenda), measures to alleviate concerns about the health system including a ceiling on out-of-pocket spending, an insurance plan to cover drugs, and an agreement between the Central Nacional de Abastecimiento (National Centre for Supply) and the most important private drugstore companies to reduce the price of medicines for those who obtained health care from public providers [26] . Early analyses of implementation of the Plan AUGE, intended to improve access to facilities near peoples'' homes, reduced waiting times, improved quality, and caps on co-payments (maximum 20% of the price and no more than one month''s family income for the family in a year), reported a 30% an increase in use of health services for conditions such as type 2 diabetes and hypertension [33] and improved survival after acute myocardial infarctions [34] . abstract: Chile has been viewed as an exemplar of social and economic progress in Latin America, with its health system attracting considerable attention. Eruption of widespread civil disorder marred this image in 2019. We trace the evolution of Chilean health policy and place it in context with developments in other sectors, pensions and education. We argue that much has been achieved, but further progress will necessitate politicians tackling the enduring power of elites that has prevented reform of a two-tier system enshrined in policies of the dictatorship. url: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41271-020-00241-2 doi: 10.1057/s41271-020-00241-2 id: cord-325177-7fzbbn99 author: Nagano, Hitoshi title: The ‘Heart Kuznets Curve’? Understanding the relations between economic development and cardiac conditions date: 2020-04-30 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: As countries turn wealthier, some health indicators, such as child mortality, seem to have well-defined trends. However, others, including cardiovascular conditions, do not follow clear linear patterns of change with economic development. Abnormal blood pressure is a serious health risk factor with consequences for population growth and longevity as well as public and private expenditure in health care and labor productivity. This also increases the risk of the population in certain pandemics, such as COVID-19. To determine the correlation of income and blood pressure, we analyzed time-series for the mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) of men’s population (mmHg) and nominal Gross Domestic Product per capita (GDPPC) for 136 countries from 1980 to 2008 using regression and statistical analysis by Pearson’s correlation (r). Our study finds a trend similar to an inverted-U shaped curve, or a ‘Heart Kuznets Curve’. There is a positive correlation (increase GDPPC, increase SBP) in low-income countries, and a negative correlation in high-income countries (increase GDPPC, decrease SBP). As country income rises people tend to change their diets and habits and have better access to health services and education, which affects blood pressure. However, the latter two may not offset the rise in blood pressure until countries reach a certain income. Investing early in health education and preventive health care could avoid the sharp increase in blood pressure as countries develop, and therefore, avoiding the ‘Heart Kuznets Curve’ and its economic and human impacts. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.104953 doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.104953 id: cord-339907-8qpu8xrb author: Naik, B.Sadananda title: Can a health care worker have sex in the time of COVID-19? date: 2020-08-01 words: 326.0 sentences: 31.0 pages: flesch: 72.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339907-8qpu8xrb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339907-8qpu8xrb.txt summary: title: Can a health care worker have sex in the time of COVID-19? Health care workers by virtue of the nature of their work have higher chances of exposure to the virus and them indulging in sex needs risk reduction strategies. [4] Health care workers are by virtue of the very nature of their work, theoretically do get exposed to the virus on a daily basis despite of adequate safety precautions though they could be considered low risk exposures as per CDC norms. So, it is imperative that a health care worker while indulging in sex life during time of COVID-19 to follow strict risk reduction strategies to self and the partner in the best interest of the community at large. Pathophysiology, Transmission, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Review Clinical characteristics of 2019novel coronavirus infection in China Clinical Characteristics and Results of Semen Tests Among Men with Coronavirus Disease abstract: Covid-19 is not transmitted by sex but close proximity during the act could aide in spread of the disease. Health care workers by virtue of the nature of their work have higher chances of exposure to the virus and them indulging in sex needs risk reduction strategies. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301211520305005?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.07.059 id: cord-016105-jkaxemmb author: Nakao, Mutsuhiro title: Prevention and Psychological Intervention in Depression and Stress-Related Conditions date: 2011 words: 4505.0 sentences: 202.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-016105-jkaxemmb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-016105-jkaxemmb.txt summary: Through such quasi experience-based studies, medical students can not only acquire knowledge and develop the desired professional attitudes and behaviors but can also come to learn about the psychological and social problems actually experienced by patients. The case-method approach also offers the advantage of using actual cases to learn about the multidimensional issues involved in various aspects of medical practice, such as drawing on knowledge as the basis of actions, understanding the backgrounds of patients, and maintaining awareness of personal motivations and ethical concerns. Based on the need for these procedures, the proposed problem-solving paradigm includes the following phases: (1) defining the problem, (2) measuring its magnitude, (3) understanding key determinants, (4) developing prevention/intervention strategies, (5) setting policy/priorities, (6) identifying the best solution, and (7) implementing and evaluating the solution. Our experiences with CBT have identified problems with using this approach to treat depression in Japan and have underscored issues that require further consideration to improve the effectiveness of treatment offered in actual clinical settings. abstract: This chapter focuses on depression and stress-related conditions to discuss possible strategies for the prevention or early management of such conditions. Health education constitutes the first important strategy, and we outline a school-based educational activity using a case-method approach. We next illustrate the impact of stressful events on psychological health with the results of a survey among Chinese individuals conducted after an unexpected epidemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome in 2003. Communication plays an important role in the assessment and management services provided by medical practitioners to sick individuals, with very diverse backgrounds and levels of medical knowledge, who consult health care providers with concerns about their health. In this context, we introduce a recent advance in patient–doctor communication. Finally, we address the cognitive and behavioral features of those who suffer from depression and psychosocial stress. Based on our recent activities and on evidence pertaining to health promotion and education, we emphasize the importance of health education and communication in the prevention of stress-related diseases and the promotion of physical and psychological health. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7120288/ doi: 10.1007/978-4-431-53889-9_34 id: cord-295013-ew9n9i7z author: Nambiar, Devaki title: Field-testing of primary health-care indicators, India date: 2020-11-01 words: 4477.0 sentences: 264.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295013-ew9n9i7z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295013-ew9n9i7z.txt summary: [34] [35] [36] Objective To develop a primary health-care monitoring framework and health outcome indicator list, and field-test and triangulate indicators designed to assess health reforms in Kerala, India, 2018-2019. [34] [35] [36] Objective To develop a primary health-care monitoring framework and health outcome indicator list, and field-test and triangulate indicators designed to assess health reforms in Kerala, India, 2018-2019. As already observed in India and other low-and middle-income countries, 29 our results indicate that any approach to improving or monitoring the quality of health-care must be adaptable to local methods of data production and reporting, while ensuring that emerging concerns of local staff are considered. The Every Newborn-BIRTH study was a triangulation of maternal and newborn healthcare data in low-and middle-income countries, 47 and some smaller-scale primary-care indicator triangulation exercises have been undertaken by India''s National Health Systems Resource Centre. abstract: OBJECTIVE: To develop a primary health-care monitoring framework and health outcome indicator list, and field-test and triangulate indicators designed to assess health reforms in Kerala, India, 2018–2019. METHODS: We used a modified Delphi technique to develop a 23-item indicator list to monitor primary health care. We used a multistage cluster random sampling technique to select one district from each of four district clusters, and then select both a family and a primary health centre from each of the four districts. We field-tested and triangulated the indicators using facility data and a population-based household survey. FINDINGS: Our data revealed similarities between facility and survey data for some indicators (e.g. low birth weight and pre-check services), but differences for others (e.g. acute diarrhoeal diseases in children younger than 5 years and blood pressure screening). We made four critical observations: (i) data are available at the facility level but in varying formats; (ii) established global indicators may not always be useful in local monitoring; (iii) operational definitions must be refined; and (iv) triangulation and feedback from the field is vital. CONCLUSION: We observe that, while data can be used to develop indices of progress, interpretation of these indicators requires great care. In the attainment of universal health coverage, we consider that our observations of the utility of certain health indicators will provide valuable insights for practitioners and supervisors in the development of a primary health-care monitoring mechanism. url: https://doi.org/10.2471/blt.19.249565 doi: 10.2471/blt.19.249565 id: cord-326256-s9nhzdm3 author: Nanjundaswamy, Madhuri H. title: Perceived stress and anxiety during COVID-19 among psychiatry trainees date: 2020-07-04 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102282 doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102282 id: cord-318407-uy0f7f2o author: Nara, Peter L. title: Perspectives on advancing preventative medicine through vaccinology at the comparative veterinary, human and conservation medicine interface: Not missing the opportunities date: 2008-11-18 words: 12527.0 sentences: 501.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318407-uy0f7f2o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318407-uy0f7f2o.txt summary: For vaccination as a public health tool to have its greatest impacts in human and veterinary medicine, these great medical sciences will have to come together, policy-relevant science for sustainable conservation in developing and developed countries needs to become the norm and address poverty (including lack of basic health care) in communities affected by conservation, and to consider costs and benefits (perceived or not) affecting the well-being of all stakeholders, from the local to the multinational. For vaccination as a public health tool to have its greatest impacts in human and veterinary medicine, these great medical sciences will have to come together, policy-relevant science for sustainable conservation in developing and developed countries needs to become the norm and address poverty (including lack of basic health care) in communities affected by conservation, and to consider costs and benefits (perceived or not) affecting the well-being of all stakeholders, from the local to the multinational. abstract: Abstract Vaccination has historically and remains one of the most cost-effective and safest forms of medicine today. Along with basic understanding of germ theory and sanitation, vaccination, over the past 50 years, has transformed lives and economies in both rich and poor countries by its direct impact on human and animal life—resulting in the eradication of small pox, huge reductions in the burden of previously common human and animal diseases such as polio, typhoid, measles in human medicine and contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, foot-and-mouth disease, screwworm and hog cholera and the verge of eradicating brucellosis, tuberculosis, and pseudorabies in veterinary medicine. In addition vaccination along with other animal production changes has provided the ability to produce otherwise unaffordable animal protein and animal health worldwide. The landscape however on which vaccinology was discovered and applied over the past 200 years, even in the past 10 years has and is undergoing continuous change. For vaccination as a public health tool to have its greatest impacts in human and veterinary medicine, these great medical sciences will have to come together, policy-relevant science for sustainable conservation in developing and developed countries needs to become the norm and address poverty (including lack of basic health care) in communities affected by conservation, and to consider costs and benefits (perceived or not) affecting the well-being of all stakeholders, from the local to the multinational. The need to return to and/or develop new education-based models for turning the tide from the heavily return-on-investment therapeutic era of the last century into one where the investment into the preventative sciences and medicine lead to sustainable cultural and cost-effective public health and economic changes of the future is never more evident than today. The new complex problems of the new millennium will require new educational models that train para- and professional people for thinking and solving complex inter-related biological, ecological, public-, political/economic problems. The single profession that is best positioned to impact vaccinology is Veterinary Medicine. It’s melding with human medicine and their role in future comparative and conservation-based programs will be critical to the successful application of vaccines into the 21st century. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X08010268 doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.07.094 id: cord-320987-wyzmziiy author: Narla, Nirmala P. title: Agile Application of Digital Health Interventions during the COVID-19 Refugee Response date: 2020-10-15 words: 2886.0 sentences: 143.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320987-wyzmziiy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320987-wyzmziiy.txt summary: In a preliminary analysis of 200 Syrian refugee women, we found positive user feedback and uptake of an mhealth application to increase access to preventive maternal and child health services for Syrian refugees under temporary protection in Turkey. We propose that mhealth interventions can provide an innovative, cost-effective, and user-friendly approach to access the dynamic needs of refugees and other displaced populations, particularly during an emerging infectious disease outbreak. We propose that mhealth interventions can provide an innovative, cost-effective, and user-friendly approach to access the dynamic needs of refugees and other displaced populations, particularly during an emerging infectious disease outbreak. As infectious disease outbreaks exacerbate pre-existing health disparities, particularly among maternal, child, and refugee health, mHealth can be used to increase access to education and outreach for these doubly vulnerable populations [33] . abstract: The intersection of digital health platforms and refugee health in the context of the novel 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has not yet been explored. We discuss the ability of a novel mobile health (mhealth) platform to be effectively adapted to improve health access for vulnerable displaced populations. In a preliminary analysis of 200 Syrian refugee women, we found positive user feedback and uptake of an mhealth application to increase access to preventive maternal and child health services for Syrian refugees under temporary protection in Turkey. Rapid adaptation of this application was successfully implemented during a global pandemic state to perform symptomatic assessment, disseminate health education, and bolster national prevention efforts. We propose that mhealth interventions can provide an innovative, cost-effective, and user-friendly approach to access the dynamic needs of refugees and other displaced populations, particularly during an emerging infectious disease outbreak. url: https://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.2995 doi: 10.5334/aogh.2995 id: cord-341095-um1iv6pi author: Nash, Carol title: Doodling as a Measure of Burnout in Healthcare Researchers date: 2020-11-02 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Burnout adversely affects healthcare researchers, their place of employment, and the production of valuable research. It is directly associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety. Having an easily employed and reliable measure of depression and anxiety in healthcare researchers is important if burnout is to be diminished. Doodling may be one such measure. Doodling became a possible indicator based on unexpected outcomes associated with one diverse and voluntary health narrative research group where doodling was introduced. The result, with respect to casual, self-reported levels of depression and anxiety, ranged from researchers expressing low levels of distress to those revealing clinical diagnoses of depression and anxiety. Changes to doodling execution and content, and their effect on the doodler—metrics previously unmentioned in the literature—hold promise for evaluating depression and anxiety levels of researchers. Maligned in academic settings with increasingly punitive outcomes, doodling should be reassessed as a possible indicator of internal states of distress, dysphoria, depression, and anxiety based on this University of Toronto Health Narratives Research Group result of doodling. Under certain well-defined conditions, variations in doodling may serve as a measure of change in these internal states and, therefore, act as an aid in reducing burnout. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11013-020-09690-6 doi: 10.1007/s11013-020-09690-6 id: cord-303700-rrwy3osd author: Neiderud, Carl-Johan title: How urbanization affects the epidemiology of emerging infectious diseases date: 2015-06-24 words: 7085.0 sentences: 357.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-303700-rrwy3osd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303700-rrwy3osd.txt summary: The lack of a universal definition makes it hard to compare different countries and cities in regard to public health and the burden and impact of infectious diseases (4) . Many of the lower income countries are expected to have a major growth among the urban population, which leads to considerable challenges for the governments and health care to keep up to pace and develop their social services and health care as these regions grow. The environment in urban cities has proven to be favourable for the rat population (Rattus spp.) and close encounters between rats and humans can lead to transmission of zoonotic infectious diseases. LF still has its major impact in rural settings, but the increasing urbanization in the developing world has made LF an infectious disease that also has to be considered elsewhere. abstract: The world is becoming more urban every day, and the process has been ongoing since the industrial revolution in the 18th century. The United Nations now estimates that 3.9 billion people live in urban centres. The rapid influx of residents is however not universal and the developed countries are already urban, but the big rise in urban population in the next 30 years is expected to be in Asia and Africa. Urbanization leads to many challenges for global health and the epidemiology of infectious diseases. New megacities can be incubators for new epidemics, and zoonotic diseases can spread in a more rapid manner and become worldwide threats. Adequate city planning and surveillance can be powerful tools to improve the global health and decrease the burden of communicable diseases. url: https://doi.org/10.3402/iee.v5.27060 doi: 10.3402/iee.v5.27060 id: cord-254559-3kgfwjzd author: Neo, Jacqueline Pei Shan title: The use of animals as a surveillance tool for monitoring environmental health hazards, human health hazards and bioterrorism date: 2017-05-31 words: 6296.0 sentences: 314.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254559-3kgfwjzd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254559-3kgfwjzd.txt summary: Abstract This review discusses the utilization of wild or domestic animals as surveillance tools for monitoring naturally occurring environmental and human health hazards. Animals are an excellent channel for monitoring novel and known pathogens with outbreak potential given that more than 60 % of emerging infectious diseases in humans originate as zoonoses. This review attempts to highlight animal illnesses, deaths, biomarkers or sentinel events, to remind human and veterinary public health programs that animal health can be used to discover, monitor or predict environmental health hazards, human health hazards, or bioterrorism. This review attempts to highlight animal illnesses, deaths, biomarkers or sentinel events, to remind human and veterinary public health programs that animal health can be used to discover, monitor or predict environmental and human health hazards, or bioterrorism. Furthermore, animals like domestic dogs and rodents spend more time outdoors and have greater exposure to the environment than humans, making them great surveillance tools for monitoring plague. abstract: Abstract This review discusses the utilization of wild or domestic animals as surveillance tools for monitoring naturally occurring environmental and human health hazards. Besides providing early warning to natural hazards, animals can also provide early warning to societal hazards like bioterrorism. Animals are ideal surveillance tools to humans because they share the same environment as humans and spend more time outdoors than humans, increasing their exposure risk. Furthermore, the biologically compressed lifespans of some animals may allow them to develop clinical signs more rapidly after exposure to specific pathogens. Animals are an excellent channel for monitoring novel and known pathogens with outbreak potential given that more than 60 % of emerging infectious diseases in humans originate as zoonoses. This review attempts to highlight animal illnesses, deaths, biomarkers or sentinel events, to remind human and veterinary public health programs that animal health can be used to discover, monitor or predict environmental health hazards, human health hazards, or bioterrorism. Lastly, we hope that this review will encourage the implementation of animals as a surveillance tool by clinicians, veterinarians, ecosystem health professionals, researchers and governments. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378113517302134 doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.02.007 id: cord-335549-fzusgbww author: Newby, J. title: Acute mental health responses during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia date: 2020-05-08 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The acute and long-term mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic are unknown. The current study examined the acute mental health responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in 5070 adult participants in Australia, using an online survey administered during the peak of the outbreak in Australia (27th March to 7th April 2020). Self-report questionnaires examined COVID-19 fears and behavioural responses to COVID-19, as well as the severity of psychological distress (depression, anxiety and stress), health anxiety, contamination fears, alcohol use, and physical activity. 78% of respondents reported that their mental health had worsened since the outbreak, one quarter (25.9%) were very or extremely worried about contracting COVID-19, and half (52.7%) were worried about family and friends contracting COVID-19. Uncertainty, loneliness and financial worries (50%) were common. Rates of elevated psychological distress were higher than expected, with 62%, 50%, and 64% of respondents reporting elevated depression, anxiety and stress levels respectively, and one in four reporting elevated health anxiety in the past week. Participants with self-reported history of a mental health diagnosis had significantly higher distress, health anxiety, and COVID-19 fears than those without a prior mental health diagnosis. Demographic (e.g., non-binary or different gender identity; Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status), occupational (e.g., being a carer or stay at home parent), and psychological (e.g., perceived risk of contracting COVID-19) factors were associated with distress. Results revealed that precautionary behaviours (e.g., washing hands, using hand sanitiser, avoiding social events) were common, although in contrast to previous research, higher engagement in hygiene behaviours was associated with higher stress and anxiety levels. These results highlight the serious acute impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of respondents, and the need for proactive, accessible digital mental health services to address these mental health needs, particularly for those most vulnerable, including people with prior history of mental health problems. Longitudinal research is needed to explore long-term predictors of poor mental health from the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.03.20089961 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.03.20089961 id: cord-355776-f8u66hbt author: Ni, Zhao title: Response to the COVID-19 Outbreak in Urban Settings in China date: 2020-09-09 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The COVID-19 outbreak in China was devastating, and spread throughout the country before being contained. Stringent physical distancing recommendations and shelter-in-place were first introduced in the hardest-hit provinces, and by March, these recommendations were uniform throughout the country. In the presence of an evolving and deadly pandemic, we sought to investigate the impact of this pandemic on individual well-being and prevention practices among Chinese urban residents. From March 2-11, 2020, 4,607 individuals were recruited from 11 provinces with varying numbers of COVID-19 casers using the social networking app WeChat to complete a brief, anonymous, online survey. The analytical sample was restricted to 2,551 urban residents. Standardized scales measured generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), the primary outcome. Multiple logistic regression was conducted to identify correlates of GAD alongside assessment of community practices in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. We found that during the COVID-19 pandemic, recommended public health practices significantly (p <0.001) increased, including wearing facial mask, practicing physical distancing, handwashing, decreased public spitting, and going outside in urban communities. Overall, 40.3% of participants met screening criteria for GAD and 49.3%, 62.6%, and 55.4% reported that their work, social life, and family life were interrupted by anxious feelings, respectively. Independent correlates of having anxiety symptoms included being a healthcare provider (aOR=1.58, p <0.01), living in regions with a higher density of COVID-19 cases (aOR=2.13, p <0.01), having completed college (aOR=1.38, p =0.03), meeting screening criteria for depression (aOR=6.03, p <0.01) and poorer perceived health status (aOR=1.54, p <0.01). COVID-19 had a profound impact on the health of urban dwellers throughout China. Not only did they markedly increase their self- and community-protective behaviors, but they also experienced high levels of anxiety associated with a heightened vulnerability like depression, having poor perceived health, and the potential of increased exposure to COVID-19 such as living closer to the epicenter of the pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-71833/v1 doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-71833/v1 id: cord-286006-t5gj0k54 author: Nicholas, David B. title: Pediatric epidemic crisis: Lessons for policy and practice development date: 2008-12-31 words: 5026.0 sentences: 283.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286006-t5gj0k54.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286006-t5gj0k54.txt summary: Methods Qualitative interviews were conducted with 23 participants representing key stakeholder groups: (a) pediatric patients with probable or suspected SARS, (b) their parents, and (c) health care professionals providing direct care to SARS patients. Semi-structured, qualitative interviews were conducted with 23 participants from key stakeholder groups affected by pediatric SARS as follows: pediatric patients between the ages of 5 and 17 years (n = 5), their parents (n = 10), and frontline pediatric health care providers (n = 8). The majority of health care providers (88%) recognized the importance of their work, yet grappled with concerns related to personal vulnerability and the impact of SARS policies on patients and families. Accordingly findings speak clearly to the need for: systematic and well-orchestrated information flow; communication strategies in responding and disseminating relevant information; means to ease vulnerability among stakeholders; strategies for ensuring effective and responsive leadership; and the development of practice and policy guidelines for treatment and contingency planning for an unknown patient care path. abstract: Abstract Objectives This research study addresses health policy and patient care considerations, and outlines policy and practice implications resulting from a crisis in a pediatric setting. This crisis, an epidemic outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), dramatically impacted the delivery of health care in Canada. Despite the passage of time since the last diagnosed case of SARS in April 2004, researchers have warned the global community to be prepared for future outbreaks of SARS or other infectious diseases. Methods Qualitative interviews were conducted with 23 participants representing key stakeholder groups: (a) pediatric patients with probable or suspected SARS, (b) their parents, and (c) health care professionals providing direct care to SARS patients. Results Participants conveyed key areas in which health policy and practice were affected. These included the development of communication strategies for responding to SARS; easing vulnerability among all stakeholders; and the rapid development of practice guidelines. Conclusion Given the continuing threat of current and future airborne viruses with potential for epidemic spread and devastating outcomes, preparedness strategies are certainly needed. Effective strategies in pediatrics include practices that provide family centered care while minimizing disease transmission. Toward this end, lessons learned from previous outbreaks merit consideration and may inform future epidemics. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18456367/ doi: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2007.11.006 id: cord-313989-bc7q8swu author: Nicholls, Stephen J. title: Optimising Secondary Prevention and Cardiac Rehabilitation for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Position Statement from the Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand (CSANZ) # date: 2020-04-30 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Abstract Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has introduced a major disruption to the delivery of routine health care across the world. This provides challenges for the use of secondary prevention measures in patients with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this Position Statement is to review the implications for effective delivery of secondary prevention strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Challenges The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced limitations for many patients to access standard health services such as visits to health care professionals, medications, imaging and blood tests as well as attendance at cardiac rehabilitation. In addition, the pandemic is having an impact on lifestyle habits and mental health. Taken together, this has the potential to adversely impact the ability of practitioners and patients to adhere to treatment guidelines for the prevention of recurrent cardiovascular events. Recommendations Every effort should be made to deliver safe ongoing access to health care professionals and the use of evidenced based therapies in individuals with CVD. An increase in use of a range of electronic health platforms has the potential to transform secondary prevention. Integrating research programs that evaluate the utility of these approaches may provide important insights into how to develop more optimal approaches to secondary prevention beyond the pandemic. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1443950620301359?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.04.007 id: cord-016704-99v4brjf author: Nicholson, Felicity title: Infectious Diseases: The Role of the Forensic Physician date: 2005 words: 14635.0 sentences: 861.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-016704-99v4brjf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-016704-99v4brjf.txt summary: The risk of exposure to infections, particularly blood-borne viruses (BBVs), can be minimized by adopting measures that are considered good practice in the United Kingdom, the United States, and Australia (1) (2) (3) . Studies of prisoners in western countries have shown a higher prevalence of antibodies to HBV and other BBVs than the general population (12) (13) (14) ; the most commonly reported risk factor is intravenous drug use. HBIG is given in conjunction with the first dose of vaccine to individuals who are deemed at high risk of acquiring disease and the incident occurred within 72 hours of presentation. In 1998, 56% of reported cases were from people born outside the United Kingdom and 3% were associated with HIV infection (70, 71) . Those in contact with disease (either through exposure at home or from an infected detainee) should receive prophylactic treatment as soon as possible (see Subheading 8.3.7.). abstract: Infections have plagued doctors for centuries, in both the diagnosis of the specific diseases and the identification and subsequent management of the causative agents. There is a constant need for information as new organisms emerge, existing ones develop resistance to current drugs or vaccines, and changes in epidemiology and prevalence occur. In the 21st century, obtaining this information has never been more important. Population migration and the relatively low cost of flying means that unfamiliar infectious diseases may be brought into industrialized countries. An example of this was an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), which was first recognized in 2003. Despite modern technology and a huge input of money, it took months for the agent to be identified, a diagnostic test to be produced, and a strategy for disease reporting and isolation to be established. There is no doubt that other new and fascinating diseases will continue to emerge. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7121068/ doi: 10.1385/1-59259-913-3:235 id: cord-009608-bvalr9bl author: Nomura, Shuhei title: Tracking Japan’s development assistance for health, 2012–2016 date: 2020-04-15 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: Development assistance for health (DAH) is one of the most important means for Japan to promote diplomacy with developing countries and contribute to the international community. This study, for the first time, estimated the gross disbursement of Japan’s DAH from 2012 to 2016 and clarified its flows, including source, aid type, channel, target region, and target health focus area. METHODS: Data on Japan Tracker, the first data platform of Japan’s DAH, were used. The DAH definition was based on the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development’s (OECD) sector classification. Regarding core funding to non-health-specific multilateral agencies, we estimated DAH and its flows based on the OECD methodology for calculating imputed multilateral official development assistance (ODA). RESULTS: Japan’s DAH was estimated at 1472.94 (2012), 823.15 (2013), 832.06 (2014), 701.98 (2015), and 894.57 million USD (2016) in constant prices of 2016. Multilateral agencies received the largest DAH share of 44.96–57.01% in these periods, followed by bilateral grants (34.59–53.08%) and bilateral loans (1.96–15.04%). Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) was the largest contributors to the DAH (76.26–82.68%), followed by Ministry of Finance (MOF) (10.86–16.25%). Japan’s DAH was most heavily distributed in the African region with 41.64–53.48% share. The channel through which the most DAH went was Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria (20.04–34.89%). Between 2012 and 2016, approximately 70% was allocated to primary health care and the rest to health system strengthening. CONCLUSIONS: With many major high-level health related meetings ahead, coming years will play a powerful opportunity to reevaluate DAH and shape the future of DAH for Japan. We hope that the results of this study will enhance the social debate for and contribute to the implementation of Japan’s DAH with a more efficient and effective strategy. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7161223/ doi: 10.1186/s12992-020-00559-2 id: cord-321482-1v082rdz author: Northridge, Mary E. title: Feasibility and acceptability of an oral pathology asynchronous tele-mentoring intervention: A protocol date: 2020-05-27 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Introduction: Oral cancer remains prevalent, despite being largely preventable. The widespread use of technology at chairside, combined with advances in electronic health record (EHR) capabilities, present opportunities to improve oral cancer screening by dentists, especially for disadvantaged patients with severe health needs. Design and methods: Using a mixed-methods approach, we will evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of integrating a telementoring component into the identification of oral lesions using the following 3 methods: 1) administering provider surveys that consist of a checklist of 10 key components of the intervention based on process, and asking the dental provider subjects if each one was covered; 2) conducting semi-structured interviews informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research and the Implementation Outcomes Framework with dental resident subjects to assess specific barriers to sustaining the intervention and strategies for addressing these barriers to facilitate integration of the intervention into the routine workflow of the dental clinics; and 3) administering brief exit interviews with patient subjects regarding the acceptability of the intervention to assess satisfaction with the use of intra-oral cameras at chairside to screen for and refer patients with oral lesions and identification of these oral lesions via EHR and secure e-mail tele-mentoring with an oral pathology expert. Expected impact of the study for public health: If successful, then later clinical trials will maximize the external validity of the intervention and facilitate the widespread implementation and dissemination of the model for the teaching of dentists and residents, with the ultimate goal of improving patient care. url: https://doi.org/10.4081/jphr.2020.1777 doi: 10.4081/jphr.2020.1777 id: cord-267978-05hxrpi1 author: Nuzzo, Jennifer B. title: What makes health systems resilient against infectious disease outbreaks and natural hazards? Results from a scoping review date: 2019-10-17 words: 5580.0 sentences: 268.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267978-05hxrpi1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267978-05hxrpi1.txt summary: METHODS: We conducted a scoping review of the literature to identify recurring themes and capacities needed for health system resiliency to infectious disease outbreaks and natural hazards and any existing implementation frameworks that highlight these capacities. The aim of this scoping review was to draw from existing literature to characterize specific capacities required to build resilient health systems in the face of infectious disease emergencies and natural hazards, with an emphasis on highlighting potential efforts that health system actors (e.g. health facilities and health service delivery organizations that are not always well-integrated in government-led preparedness initiatives) could pursue to achieve desired health outcomes during health crises. We searched the scholarly and grey-literature databases to identify which capacities should be included in a framework for assessing and improving health system resilience to infectious disease outbreaks and natural hazards. abstract: BACKGROUND: The 2014–2016 Ebola outbreak was a wake-up call regarding the critical importance of resilient health systems. Fragile health systems can become overwhelmed during public health crises, further exacerbating the human, economic, and political toll. Important work has been done to describe the general attributes of a health system resilient to these crises, and the next step will be to identify the specific capacities that health systems need to develop and maintain to achieve resiliency. METHODS: We conducted a scoping review of the literature to identify recurring themes and capacities needed for health system resiliency to infectious disease outbreaks and natural hazards and any existing implementation frameworks that highlight these capacities. We also sought to identify the overlap of the identified themes and capacities with those highlighted in the World Health Organization’s Joint External Evaluation. Sources of evidence included PubMed, Web of Science, OAIster, and the websites of relevant major public health organizations. RESULTS: We identified 16 themes of health system resilience, including: the need to develop plans for altered standards of care during emergencies, the need to develop plans for post-event recovery, and a commitment to quality improvement. Most of the literature described the general attributes of a resilient health system; no implementation frameworks were identified that could translate these elements into specific capacities that health system actors can employ to improve resilience to outbreaks and natural hazards in a variety of settings. CONCLUSIONS: An implementation-oriented health system resilience framework could help translate the important components of a health system identified in this review into specific capacities that actors in the health system could work to develop to improve resilience to public health crises. However, there remains a need to further refine the concept of resilience so that health systems can simultaneously achieve sustainable transformations in healthcare practice and health service delivery as well as improve their preparedness for emergencies. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7707-z doi: 10.1186/s12889-019-7707-z id: cord-304157-u0mlee6u author: Nyasulu, Juliet title: The effects of coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on the South African health system: A call to maintain essential health services date: 2020-07-22 words: 4420.0 sentences: 241.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304157-u0mlee6u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304157-u0mlee6u.txt summary: Our approach advocates for close collaboration between essential services and COVID-19 teams to identify priorities, restructure essential services to accommodate physical distancing, promote task shifting at primary level, optimise the use of mobile/web-based technologies for service delivery/training/monitoring and involve private sector and non-health departments to increase management capacity. Our approach advocates for close collaboration between essential services and COVID-19 teams to identify priorities, restructure essential services to accommodate physical distancing, promote task shifting at primary level, optimise the use of mobile/web-based technologies for service delivery/training/monitoring and involve private sector and nonhealth departments to increase management capacity. 18, 19 This article looks at the possible effects of COVID-19 pandemic on the South African health system and proposes possible solutions to maintain the delivery of essential health services whilst fighting the pandemic, with a specific focus on HIV and EPI. Using the documented existing service delivery gaps, we analysed EPI and HIV programmes as examples of priority essential health services to be maintained by South Africa during this emergency period. abstract: South Africa had its first coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case on 06 March 2020 in an individual who travelled overseas. Since then, cases have constantly increased and the pandemic has taken a toll on the health system. This requires extra mobilisation of resources to curb the disease and overcome financial loses whilst providing social protection to the poor. Assessing the effects of COVID-19 on South African health system is critical to identify challenges and act timely to strike a balance between managing the emergency and maintaining essential health services. We applied the World Health Organization (WHO) health systems framework to assess the effects of COVID-19 on South African health system, and proposed solutions to address the gaps, with a focus on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and expanded programme on immunisation (EPI) programmes. The emergence of COVID-19 pandemic has direct impact on the health system, negatively affecting its functionality, as depletion of resources to curb the emergency is eminent. Diversion of health workforce, suspension of services, reduced health-seeking behaviour, unavailability of supplies, deterioration in data monitoring and funding crunches are some of the noted challenges. In such emergencies, the ability to deliver essential services is dependent on baseline capacity of health system. Our approach advocates for close collaboration between essential services and COVID-19 teams to identify priorities, restructure essential services to accommodate physical distancing, promote task shifting at primary level, optimise the use of mobile/web-based technologies for service delivery/training/monitoring and involve private sector and non-health departments to increase management capacity. Strategic responses thus planned can assist in mitigating the adverse effects of the pandemic whilst preventing morbidity and mortality from preventable diseases in the population. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32787396/ doi: 10.4102/phcfm.v12i1.2480 id: cord-323466-r0n7448g author: Núñez, Ana title: Responding to Healthcare Disparities and Challenges With Access to Care During COVID-19 date: 2020-04-14 words: 8977.0 sentences: 516.0 pages: flesch: 66.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323466-r0n7448g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323466-r0n7448g.txt summary: The pandemic has shown that in addition to school-based nutrition, we need to think of additional systems to deliver child nutrition to the 20 + million children who live in poverty in the United States, especially in communities of color that have been marginalized and discriminated against for centuries, and experience high rates of poverty. My focus has been on mental health issues and how patients and families might feel abandoned, as well as how poor communication and lack of resources to attend to psychosocial needs are often overlooked in life-threatening illness, especially for marginalized patient populations and families. Although the Family First Coronavirus Response Act is a step forward, we need to engage communities to make it more of a reality for all Americans, because paid sick leave is something that is important not only during this pandemic, but it actually is a human right to be able to take care of one''s health and the health of others during times of crisis and beyond. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32368710/ doi: 10.1089/heq.2020.29000.rtl id: cord-255360-yjn24sja author: O''Connor, Daryl B. title: Research priorities for the COVID‐19 pandemic and beyond: A call to action for psychological science date: 2020-07-19 words: 11213.0 sentences: 501.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255360-yjn24sja.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255360-yjn24sja.txt summary: The most pressing need is to research the negative biopsychosocial impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic to facilitate immediate and longer‐term recovery, not only in relation to mental health, but also in relation to behaviour change and adherence, work, education, children and families, physical health and the brain, and social cohesion and connectedness. Specifically, we have identified the shorter-and longerterm priorities around mental health, behaviour change and adherence, work, education, children and families, physical health and the brain, and social cohesion and connectedness in order to (1) frame the breadth and scope of potential contributions from across the discipline, (2) assist psychological scientists in focusing their resources on gaps in the literature, and (3) help funders and policymakers make informed decisions about the shorter-and longer-term COVID-19 research priorities to meet the needs of societies as they emerge from the acute phase of the crisis. abstract: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) that has caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic represents the greatest international biopsychosocial emergency the world has faced for a century, and psychological science has an integral role to offer in helping societies recover. The aim of this paper is to set out the shorter‐ and longer‐term priorities for research in psychological science that will (a) frame the breadth and scope of potential contributions from across the discipline; (b) enable researchers to focus their resources on gaps in knowledge; and (c) help funders and policymakers make informed decisions about future research priorities in order to best meet the needs of societies as they emerge from the acute phase of the pandemic. The research priorities were informed by an expert panel convened by the British Psychological Society that reflects the breadth of the discipline; a wider advisory panel with international input; and a survey of 539 psychological scientists conducted early in May 2020. The most pressing need is to research the negative biopsychosocial impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic to facilitate immediate and longer‐term recovery, not only in relation to mental health, but also in relation to behaviour change and adherence, work, education, children and families, physical health and the brain, and social cohesion and connectedness. We call on psychological scientists to work collaboratively with other scientists and stakeholders, establish consortia, and develop innovative research methods while maintaining high‐quality, open, and rigorous research standards. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/bjop.12468 doi: 10.1111/bjop.12468 id: cord-323507-u28g423o author: Ofosu-Poku, Rasheed title: Preparing a young palliative care unit for the COVID-19 pandemic in a teaching hospital in Ghana date: 2020-06-24 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The emergence of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has necessitated an interim restructuring of the healthcare system in accordance with public health preventive measures to mitigate spread of the virus while providing essential healthcare services to the public. This article discusses how the Palliative Care Team of the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Ghana has modified its services in accordance with public health guidelines. It also suggests a strategy to deal with palliative care needs of critically ill patients with COVID-19 and their families. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32576325/ doi: 10.1017/s1478951520000498 id: cord-355869-r68fccx0 author: Ogle, H.L. title: Who must take responsibility for the health of the profession? Us date: 2020-07-19 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0033350620302547 doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.06.018 id: cord-355471-vt7qovf7 author: Ogojiaku, Chinonso N. title: The Health Opportunity Index: Understanding the Input to Disparate Health Outcomes in Vulnerable and High-Risk Census Tracts date: 2020-08-10 words: 9169.0 sentences: 494.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355471-vt7qovf7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355471-vt7qovf7.txt summary: The Health Opportunity Index (HOI) is a multivariate tool that can be more efficiently used to identify and understand the interplay of complex social determinants of health (SDH) at the census tract level that influences the ability to achieve optimal health. The Health Opportunity Index (HOI) is the primary outcome variable in this study and is comprised of 13 indices: affordability, income inequality, Townsend Deprivation, job participation, employment access, education, population churning, population-weighted density, segregation, food accessibility, walkability, access to care, and environmental quality index. The thematic mapping of HOI composite scores provides a visual breakdown of health opportunity disparities across census tracts in an area. The thematic mapping of HOI composite scores provides a visual breakdown of health opportunity disparities across census tracts in an area. Similar to the map from Figure 3 The thematic mapping of HOI composite scores provides a visual breakdown of health opportunity disparities across census tracts in an area. abstract: The Health Opportunity Index (HOI) is a multivariate tool that can be more efficiently used to identify and understand the interplay of complex social determinants of health (SDH) at the census tract level that influences the ability to achieve optimal health. The derivation of the HOI utilizes the data-reduction technique of principal component analysis to determine the impact of SDH on optimal health at lower census geographies. In the midst of persistent health disparities and the present COVID-19 pandemic, we demonstrate the potential utility of using 13-input variables to derive a composite metric of health (HOI) score as a means to assist in the identification of the most vulnerable communities during the current pandemic. Using GIS mapping technology, health opportunity indices were layered by counties in Ohio to highlight differences by census tract. Collectively we demonstrate that our HOI framework, principal component analysis and convergence analysis methodology coalesce to provide results supporting the utility of this framework in the three largest counties in Ohio: Franklin (Columbus), Cuyahoga (Cleveland), and Hamilton (Cincinnati). The results in this study identified census tracts that were also synonymous with communities that were at risk for disparate COVID-19 related health outcomes. In this regard, convergence analyses facilitated identification of census tracts where different disparate health outcomes co-exist at the worst levels. Our results suggest that effective use of the HOI composite score and subcomponent scores to identify specific SDH can guide mitigation/intervention practices, thus creating the potential for better targeting of mitigation and intervention strategies for vulnerable communities, such as during the current pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165767 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17165767 id: cord-284298-tcied4l5 author: Ojeahere, Margaret Isioma title: Management of psychiatric conditions and delirium during the COVID-19 pandemic across continents: The lessons thus far date: 2020-09-19 words: 6816.0 sentences: 351.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284298-tcied4l5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284298-tcied4l5.txt summary: In the present study, twenty one early career psychiatrists (9 females and 12 males) from thirteen countries, comprising at least one from five of the seven continents (Africa, Asia, Europe, North J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f America and South America) were approached without coercion by the lead (MIO) and co-lead (RdF) authors via WhatsApp and emails to share insights and experiences about the challenges and good practices faced in the management of delirium and other psychiatric conditions manifesting in patients with COVID-19 and during the COVID-19 era. Finally, the mental health sector should use the lessons from this pandemic to develop protocols and guidelines for the management of psychiatric conditions in periods of infectious disease outbreaks to increase their level of preparedness globally (Table 4) . abstract: BACKGROUND: With the uncertainties of COVID-19, people infected by coronavirus present with diverse psychiatric presentations. Some centers have had to manage their patients with existing protocols, others have had to come up with innovations. We aim to report the challenges and good practices recorded in the management of psychiatric conditions and delirium coexisting with COVID-19 and during the COVID-19 era across continents. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Early Career Psychiatrists (ECPs) from across five continents were approached to provide their perspective on the management of psychiatric conditions in patients with COVID-19 and during the current pandemic. RESULTS: We collected information about the experiences from ten countries. Commonalities were similar psychiatric presentations and poor preparedness across countries. Differences were varying innovations and adjustments made in the management of psychiatric conditions coexisting with COVID-19. Good practices which can be adopted by other countries are novel approaches such as telepsychiatry, proactive consultation-liaison units and enhanced community services targeted at circumventing challenges faced yet providing mental health services. CONCLUSIONS: This publication highlights the need for global preparedness in the mental health sector during outbreaks of infectious diseases. With our results we can conclude that there is the need for concerted efforts targeted at global and locally sensitive adaptation of existing protocols and the development of new guidelines for the management of psychiatric conditions for the present pandemic and subsequent occurrences. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100147 doi: 10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100147 id: cord-304219-tmlatghe author: Ojha, Rashi title: Challenges faced by mental health providers and patients during the coronavirus 2019 pandemic due to technological barriers date: 2020-06-03 words: 1502.0 sentences: 84.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304219-tmlatghe.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304219-tmlatghe.txt summary: CONCLUSIONS: Based off data collected from experience in a public health system and literature review, we conclude that although the COVID-19 pandemic has initiated significant innovation to integrate technology for psychiatric care, this innovation is not equally accessible for vulnerable populations suffering from mental health disorders. J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f 3 Based off data collected from experience in a public health system and literature review, we conclude that although the COVID-19 pandemic has initiated significant innovation to integrate technology for psychiatric care, this innovation is not equally accessible for vulnerable populations suffering from mental health disorders. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the expeditious adoption of telemedicine, telepsychiatry and digital health interventions, but there are existing barriers to continue the utilization of these services. abstract: BACKGROUND: The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has been responsible for the devastation of hundreds of thousands of lives directly and has caused disruptions globally. Vulnerable populations, specifically those suffering from serious mental illness and homelessness, are at higher risk of contracting COVID-19 infection resulting in medical complications and psychiatric destabilization. In addition, mental health has become increasingly relevant throughout the country given the psychological distress people have been facing due to the spread of COVID-19 and the toll of a more restricted way of living. Although the healthcare industry has quickly integrated novel ways of treating patients with mental illness with technological advances, these technologies are not applicable to different populations equally. There is a clear disparity that is represented within the public county health systems, which leads to a widening gap between those who receive adequate treatment for mental illness and those who do not. AIMS: The aims of this paper were to provide a commentary on the benefits of technology-based psychiatric and psychological interventions based off experience in a public health system and based off a relevant, thorough literature review. In addition, we aim to highlight the importance of accessibility of these interventions for vulnerable populations and provide recommendations for integrating these services expeditiously. METHODS: Literature review was conducted using MEDLINE, PubMed and Google Scholar. CONCLUSIONS: Based off data collected from experience in a public health system and literature review, we conclude that although the COVID-19 pandemic has initiated significant innovation to integrate technology for psychiatric care, this innovation is not equally accessible for vulnerable populations suffering from mental health disorders. Within a public county health system, there are barriers with providing mental healthcare to vulnerable populations. These barriers, which are applicable throughout the United States, serve as a rationale for the need of innovative solutions for the integration of these services in not only emergency situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic, but also in daily non-emergent operations to sufficiently address the needs for those needing mental healthcare. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214782920300853?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.invent.2020.100330 id: cord-331601-3w4c40qr author: Ojong, Nathanael title: The COVID-19 Pandemic and the Pathology of the Economic and Political Architecture in Cameroon date: 2020-06-17 words: 8028.0 sentences: 390.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331601-3w4c40qr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331601-3w4c40qr.txt summary: The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic started in December 2019 [1] , and on 31 December 2019, China informed the World Health Organisation (WHO) of numerous cases of pneumonia of unknown cause in Wuhan, a city of 11 million inhabitants [2] . That said, the goal of this review is to provide a deeper understanding of the factors that have contributed to weakening Cameroon''s health sector over the years and to shed light on socio-economic and political factors that are currently restricting an effective response to the pandemic in the country. An independent local news agency in the country reported that some public health institutions in Douala required COVID-19 patients to cover their health care costs. Using Cameroon as a case study, I have examined the economic, political, and social forces that negatively affect the fight against COVID-19, and argue that the country''s weak health care system makes it challenging to tackle the disease there as well as in other countries. abstract: This article examines the factors restricting an effective response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Cameroon. It argues that structural adjustment policies in the 1980s and 1990s as well as corruption and limited investment in recent times have severely weakened the country’s health system. This article also emphasises the interconnection between poverty, slums, and COVID-19. This interconnection brings to the fore inequality in Cameroon. Arguably, this inequality could facilitate the spread of COVID-19 in the country. This article draws attention to the political forces shaping the response to the pandemic and contends that in some regions in the country, the lack of an effective response to the pandemic may not necessarily be due to a lack of resources. In so doing, it critiques the COVID-19 orthodoxy that focuses exclusively on the pathology of the disease and advocates “technical” solutions to the pandemic, while ignoring the political and socio-economic forces that shape the fight against the pandemic. At times, medical supplies and other forms of assistance may be available, but structural violence impairs access to these resources. Politics must be brought into the COVID-19 discourse, as it shapes the response to the pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8020176 doi: 10.3390/healthcare8020176 id: cord-353340-l0icku0i author: Olaoye, Omotayo title: Improving Access to Antimicrobial Prescribing Guidelines in 4 African Countries: Development and Pilot Implementation of an App and Cross-Sectional Assessment of Attitudes and Behaviour Survey of Healthcare Workers and Patients date: 2020-08-29 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Smartphone apps have proven to be an effective and acceptable resource for accessing information on antimicrobial prescribing. The purpose of the study is to highlight the development and implementation of a smartphone/mobile app (app) for antimicrobial prescribing guidelines (the Commonwealth Partnerships for Antimicrobial Stewardship—CwPAMS App) in Ghana, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia and to evaluate patients’ and healthcare providers’ perspectives on the use of the App in one of the participating institutions. Two structured cross-sectional questionnaires containing Likert scale, multiple-choice, and open-ended questions were issued to patients and healthcare workers six months after the introduction of the app at one of the hospital sites. Metrics of the use of the app for a one-year period were also obtained. Download and use of the app peaked between September and November 2019 with pharmacists accounting for the profession that the most frequently accessed the app. More than half of the responding patients had a positive attitude to the use of the app by health professionals. Results also revealed that more than 80% of health care workers who had used the CwPAMS App were comfortable using a smartphone/mobile device on a ward round, considered the app very useful, and found it to improve their awareness of antimicrobial stewardship, including documentation of the indication and duration for antimicrobials on the drug chart. It also encouraged pharmacists and nurses to challenge inappropriate antimicrobial prescribing. Overall, our findings suggest that its use as a guide to antimicrobial prescribing sparked positive responses from patients and health professionals. Further studies will be useful in identifying the long-term consequences of the use of the CwPAMS App and scope to implement in other settings, in order to guide future innovations and wider use. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32872419/ doi: 10.3390/antibiotics9090555 id: cord-309663-h06876ok author: Olea-Popelka, Francisco title: Building a Multi-Institutional and Interdisciplinary Team to Develop a Zoonotic Tuberculosis Roadmap date: 2018-06-12 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Tuberculosis (TB), as the major infectious disease in the world, has devastating consequences for not only humans, but also cattle and several wildlife species. This disease presents additional challenges to human and veterinary health authorities given the zoonotic nature of the pathogens responsible for the disease across species. One of the main public health challenges regarding zoonotic TB (ZTB) caused by Mycobacterium bovis is that the true incidence of this type of TB in humans is not known and is likely to be underestimated. To effectively address challenges posed by ZTB, an integrated One Health approach is needed. In this manuscript, we describe the rationale, major steps, timeline, stakeholders, and important events that led to the assembling of a true integrated multi-institutional and interdisciplinary team that accomplished the ambitious goal of developing a ZTB roadmap, published in October, 2017. It outlines key activities to address the global challenges regarding the prevention, surveillance, diagnosis, and treatment of ZTB. We discuss and emphasize the importance of integrated approaches to be able to accomplish the short (year 2020) and medium term (year 2025) goals outlined in the ZTB roadmap. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2018.00167 doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00167 id: cord-323273-q53wf6au author: Olivia Li, Ji-Peng title: Digital technology, tele-medicine and artificial intelligence in ophthalmology: A global perspective date: 2020-09-06 words: 13436.0 sentences: 775.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323273-q53wf6au.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323273-q53wf6au.txt summary: These digital innovations include artificial intelligence (AI), 5th generation (5G) telecommunication networks and the Internet of Things (IoT), creating an inter-dependent ecosystem offering opportunities to develop new models of eye care addressing the challenges of COVID-19 and beyond. This article reviews how countries across the world have utilised these digital innovations to tackle diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, refractive error correction, cataract and other anterior segment disorders. Several advanced techniques that assess refractive error accurately have been 1432 developed, and Patients were found to be sufficiently motivated to report their symptoms at least 1598 once a month with a good correlation between the two dry eye questionnaires 1599 (r=0.67), underscoring the potential utility of a tele-health approach for monitoring telemedicine presents different challenges in comparison to screening. abstract: The simultaneous maturation of multiple digital and telecommunications technologies in 2020 has created an unprecedented opportunity for ophthalmology to adapt to new models of care using tele-health supported by digital innovations. These digital innovations include artificial intelligence (AI), 5th generation (5G) telecommunication networks and the Internet of Things (IoT), creating an inter-dependent ecosystem offering opportunities to develop new models of eye care addressing the challenges of COVID-19 and beyond. Ophthalmology has thrived in some of these areas partly due to its many image-based investigations. Tele-health and AI provide synchronous solutions to challenges facing ophthalmologists and healthcare providers worldwide. This article reviews how countries across the world have utilised these digital innovations to tackle diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, refractive error correction, cataract and other anterior segment disorders. The review summarises the digital strategies that countries are developing and discusses technologies that may increasingly enter the clinical workflow and processes of ophthalmologists. Furthermore as countries around the world have initiated a series of escalating containment and mitigation measures during the COVID-19 pandemic, the delivery of eye care services globally has been significantly impacted. As ophthalmic services adapt and form a “new normal”, the rapid adoption of some of telehealth and digital innovation during the pandemic is also discussed. Finally, challenges for validation and clinical implementation are considered, as well as recommendations on future directions. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32898686/ doi: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100900 id: cord-253580-q13qndic author: Onyeaka, Henry K title: The Unaddressed Behavioral Health Aspect During the Coronavirus Pandemic date: 2020-03-21 words: 995.0 sentences: 49.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253580-q13qndic.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253580-q13qndic.txt summary: Public health emergencies have been demonstrated to have an impact on the behavioral health of the affected population as they may experience fear, anxiety, anger and post-traumatic stress disorder as consequences of their experiences. Although the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has outlined some behavioral health guide for affected individuals, how best to respond to psychological challenges during the crisis is not known. On March 11, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared 2019-nCoV a pandemic, citing more than 118,000 cases of the coronavirus illness in more than 110 countries and territories around the world and the sustained risk of further global spread. Furthermore, contact tracing and the mandatory quarantine isolation for two weeks, which is a crucial part of the public health responses to the 2019-nCoV pneumonia outbreak, could be a precursor for increased psychological distress such as posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety and anger among suspected or confirmed cases [3, 4] . abstract: The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia has been declared a pandemic, citing more than 118,000 cases of the coronavirus illness in more than 110 countries and territories around the world. Public health emergencies have been demonstrated to have an impact on the behavioral health of the affected population as they may experience fear, anxiety, anger and post-traumatic stress disorder as consequences of their experiences. These effects may persist among affected individuals long after the outbreak has been controlled. To date, data on the behavioral distress and psychiatric morbidity of those suspected or diagnosed with the 2019-nCoV and their treating health professionals are lacking. Although the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has outlined some behavioral health guide for affected individuals, how best to respond to psychological challenges during the crisis is not known. There is an urgent need to provide robust and timely psychosocial support in the face of such an outbreak. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32328363/ doi: 10.7759/cureus.7351 id: cord-283824-c7y9zf7o author: Opitz, Sven title: Regulating epidemic space: the nomos of global circulation date: 2015-02-20 words: 8618.0 sentences: 492.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283824-c7y9zf7o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283824-c7y9zf7o.txt summary: The first concerns the referent object of governmental practice: the regulatory effort to secure global public health does not focus on human life so much as it does on post-human materialities of global traffic. Most importantly, the key passages of the IHR read like a clear-cut manifestation of the liberal government of circulation: ''The purpose and scope of these Regulations are to prevent, protect against, control and provide a public health response to the international spread of disease in ways that are commensurate with and restricted to public health risks, and which avoid unnecessary interference with international traffic and trade.'' (IHR, Article 2) The mobility of disease and the mobility of goods and people are conjoined in this problem space. These bodies of transmission belong to a governmental vision that pictures the world as a space of universal traffic and that focuses on routes and material means of global circulation. abstract: After the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) outbreak in 2002, legal theorist David Fidler diagnosed the arrival of the ‘first post-Westphalian pathogen’. The coinage indicates that the spread of infectious disease transforms the spatial coordinates of the modern political environment. This article analyses this transformation by asking how the legal regime, designed to prepare for the pandemic, envisions the globe as an object of government. It demonstrates that the WHO’s International Health Regulations (IHR) articulate a space of global circulation that exhibits two features. First, the infrastructures of microbial traffic become the primary matters of concern. The IHR do not focus on human life so much as they aim at securing transnational mobilities. Second, the IHR circumscribe a space that is fragmented by zones of intensified governmental control at transportational nodal points, such as airports and harbours. In these zones, technologies of screening and quarantine are applied to modulate the connectivity of people, organic matter and things. As a whole, the article investigates how processes of de- and re-territorialisation interact in the context of global health security. In analysing forms of legal worldmaking, it unearths a nomos of global circulation which applies its regulatory force to the post-human materialities of microbial traffic. url: https://doi.org/10.1057/jird.2014.30 doi: 10.1057/jird.2014.30 id: cord-016141-mtxdn5ks author: Oppong, Joseph R. title: From Medical Geography to Computational Epidemiology – Dynamics of Tuberculosis Transmission in Enclosed Spaces date: 2006 words: 3488.0 sentences: 180.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-016141-mtxdn5ks.txt txt: ./txt/cord-016141-mtxdn5ks.txt summary: By enabling the simultaneous examination of multiple factors associated with disease linked by location, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) facilitate medical geography research. While GIS has enabled Medical Geographers to address previously inconceivable complex health-related phenomena, their ability to deal with the dynamic processes of disease transmission among population groups, which usually requires complex interactions among numerous variables, is quite limited. Although the role of Epidemiologists and Medical Geographers has become more pronounced in light of public health threats, computational tools that would enhance quality of information, facilitate prediction, and accelerate the generation of answers to specific questions are still lacking. This may include models of Tuberculosis (TB) outbreaks in different environments (homeless shelters, factories etc.), a West Nile Virus outbreak in a specific geographic region, or the progression of infectious diseases such as measles in the United States. abstract: Medical geographers study the geographic distribution of health and health-related phenomena such as diseases, and health care facilities. Seeking to understand who is getting what diseases or health services where and why, they examine spatial disparities in access to health care services, and the geographic distribution of health risks. Medical geographers apply tools of geographic enquiry such as disease mapping and geographical correlation studies to health-related issues (Elliot et al., 2000; Pickle, 2002). Some have called this research endeavor spatial epidemiology (Cromley, 2003; Rushton, 2003a). url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7120334/ doi: 10.1007/11553762_19 id: cord-312918-iof45k1r author: Ortolani, Claudio title: Hydroxychloroquine and dexamethasone in COVID-19: who won and who lost? date: 2020-09-09 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: On June 30, 2020, the WHO reported over 10 millions of COVID-19 cases worldwide with over half a million deaths. In severe cases the disease progresses into an Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), which in turn depends on an overproduction of cytokines (IL-6, TNFα, IL-12, IL-8, CCL-2 and IL1) that causes alveolar and vascular lung damage. Clearly, it is essential to find an immunological treatment that controls the “cytokine storm”. In the meantime, however, it is essential to have effective antiviral and anti-inflammatory drugs available immediately. PHARMACOLOGIC THERAPY FOR COVID-19: Hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine have been widely adopted worldwide for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. However, the choice of this treatment was based on low quality of evidence, i.e. retrospective, non-randomized controlled studies. Recently, four large Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) have been performed in record time delivering reliable data: (1) the National Institutes of Health (NIH) RCT included 60 hospitals participating all over the world and showed the efficacy of remdesivir in reducing the recovery time in hospitalized adults with COVID-19 pneumonia; (2) three large RCTs already completed, for hydroxychloroquine, dexamethasone and Lopinavir and Ritonavir respectively. These trials were done under the umbrella of the 'Recovery' project, headed by the University of Oxford. The project includes 176 participating hospitals in the UK and was set up to verify the efficacy of some of the treatments used for COVID-19. These three ‘Recovery’ RCTs concluded definitely: (a) that treatment with hydroxychloroquine provides no benefits in patients hospitalized with COVID-19; (b) that treatment with dexamethasone reduced deaths by one-third in COVID-19 patients that were mechanically ventilated, and by one-fifth in patients receiving oxygen only; (c) that the combination of Lopinavir and Ritonavir is not effective in reducing mortality in COVID-19 hospitalized patients. CONCLUSIONS: The results of these four large RCTs have provided sound indications to doctors for the treatment of patients with COVID-19 and prompted the correction of many institutional provisions and guidelines on COVID-19 treatments (i.e. FDA, NIH, UK Health Service, etc.). Even though a definitive treatment for COVID-19 has not yet been found, large RCTs stand as the Gold Standards for COVID-19 therapy and offer a solid scientific base on which to base treatment decisions. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12948-020-00132-7 doi: 10.1186/s12948-020-00132-7 id: cord-014583-as7o3nt3 author: Osterholm, Michael T. title: Global Health Security—An Unfinished Journey date: 2017-12-17 words: 1359.0 sentences: 65.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-014583-as7o3nt3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-014583-as7o3nt3.txt summary: This supplement is a timely, comprehensive compendium of the critical work being done by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and various partners to enhance and expand the Global Health Security Agenda. This supplement of Emerging Infectious Diseases is a timely, comprehensive compendium of the critical work being done by CDC and various partners to enhance and expand global health security. Will GHSA and WHO''s and CDC''s efforts help create a world safer from infectious disease threats and elevate global health security as a priority? Recently, in our book Deadliest Enemy: Our War Against Killer Germs (2), Mark Olshaker and I detailed a 9-point crisis agenda if the world is to minimize, if not eliminate, the risk of catastrophic pandemics, outbreaks of critical regional importance, and intentional use of biologic weapons, including genetically altered pathogens. abstract: This supplement is a timely, comprehensive compendium of the critical work being done by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and various partners to enhance and expand the Global Health Security Agenda. This perspective provides a review of, and comments regarding, our past, current, and future challenges in supporting the Global Health Security Agenda. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5711312/ doi: 10.3201/eid2313.171528 id: cord-022452-gyuldf4a author: Ostroff, Stephen M. title: The Spread of Disease in the 20th Century and Lessons for the 21st Century date: 2009-11-16 words: 2786.0 sentences: 158.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-022452-gyuldf4a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-022452-gyuldf4a.txt summary: Although some have suggested that this outbreak was a natural event related to movement of the organism on sea-currents, a more likely explanation is that it was introduced in ballast released from a ship traveling from a cholera-endemic area. Investigations found that the human and avian outbreaks were linked and the causative agent was identified as West Nile virus, an arbovirus never previously seen in the western hemisphere (Asnis, Conetta, Texeira, Waldman, & Sampson, 2000) . Air travel from Hong Kong caused the spread of disease to locations in Mainland China and Taiwan. The outbreak resulted in severe disruptions to the global economy, to travel, and to commerce (World Health Organization, 2003b) . Avian disease due to H5N1 has now appeared in more than 50 countries in Asia, Europe, and Africa (World Health Organization, 2006a), either killing or requiring the destruction of hundreds of millions of birds. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7155710/ doi: 10.1016/b978-0-08-045359-0.50040-3 id: cord-343969-9nec3lj8 author: Otugo, Onyeka title: COVID-19: The Additional Sentence for the Incarcerated date: 2020-09-30 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Incarcerated people are one of the most vulnerable populations during the coronavirus pandemic. There are varying perspectives regarding how to address the health care barriers seen in this population. Some individuals and organizations advocate for a mandatory release of the incarcerated who are not deemed a risk to the general population, whereas others advocate for improving health care in jails and prisons. This article highlights the importance of addressing access to care issues, overcrowding, societal implications, and access to hygienics for the incarcerated during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, and solutions forward. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33015519/ doi: 10.1089/heq.2020.0017 id: cord-301771-43fl2gwp author: Ouassou, Hayat title: The Pathogenesis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Evaluation and Prevention date: 2020-07-10 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a major health problem causing severe acute respiratory illness in humans. It has spread rapidly around the globe since its first identification in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. The causative virus is called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and the World Health Organization (WHO) named the new epidemic disease Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). The incidence of COVID-19 continues to increase with more than three million confirmed cases and over 244,000 deaths worldwide. There is currently no specific treatment or vaccine against COVID-19. Therefore, in the absence of pharmaceutical interventions, the implementation of precautions and hygienic measures will be essential to control and to minimize human transmission of the virus. In this review, we highlight the epidemiology, transmission, symptoms, and treatment of this disease, as well as future strategies to manage the spread of this fatal coronavirus. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32671115/ doi: 10.1155/2020/1357983 id: cord-318061-xe8lljz0 author: Overgaauw, Paul A.M. title: A One Health Perspective on the Human–Companion Animal Relationship with Emphasis on Zoonotic Aspects date: 2020-05-27 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Over time the human–animal bond has been changed. For instance, the role of pets has changed from work animals (protecting houses, catching mice) to animals with a social function, giving companionship. Pets can be important for the physical and mental health of their owners but may also transmit zoonotic infections. The One Health initiative is a worldwide strategy for expanding collaborations in all aspects of health care for humans, animals, and the environment. However, in One Health communications the role of particularly dogs and cats is often underestimated. Objective: Evaluation of positive and negative One Health issues of the human–companion animal relationship with a focus on zoonotic aspects of cats and dogs in industrialized countries. Method: Literature review. Results: Pets undoubtedly have a positive effect on human health, while owners are increasing aware of pet’s health and welfare. The changing attitude of humans with regard to pets and their environment can also lead to negative effects such as changes in feeding practices, extreme breeding, and behavioral problems, and anthropozoonoses. For the human, there may be a higher risk of the transmission of zoonotic infections due to trends such as sleeping with pets, allowing pets to lick the face or wounds, bite accidents, keeping exotic animals, the importation of rescue dogs, and soil contact. Conclusions: One Health issues need frequently re-evaluated as the close human–animal relationship with pet animals can totally differ compared to decennia ago. Because of the changed human–companion animal bond, recommendations regarding responsible pet-ownership, including normal hygienic practices, responsible breeding, feeding, housing, and mental and physical challenges conforming the biology of the animal are required. Education can be performed by vets and physicians as part of the One Health concept. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113789 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17113789 id: cord-348298-rtm8dn43 author: O’Connor, Karen title: Mental health impacts of COVID-19 in Ireland and the need for a secondary care mental health service response date: 2020-05-27 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic is a global health emergency, the scale, speed and nature of which is beyond anything most of us have experienced in our lifetimes. The mental health burden associated with this pandemic is also likely to surpass anything we have previously experienced. In this editorial, we seek to anticipate the nature of this additional mental health burden and make recommendations on how to mitigate against and prepare for this significant increase in mental health service demand. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32456713/ doi: 10.1017/ipm.2020.64 id: cord-012583-n7zxbuf8 author: O’Kane, Gabrielle title: Telehealth—Improving access for rural, regional and remote communities date: 2020-08-28 words: 1325.0 sentences: 66.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-012583-n7zxbuf8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-012583-n7zxbuf8.txt summary: Over the past few years, the Alliance has been advocating for improvements to digital health capability and greater access to telehealth services for rural, regional and remote communities. 4, 5 One study showed that telehealth can be successfully applied to the management of patients with a spinal fracture, which allowed the patient to be cared for in their local rural hospital and offered opportunities for allied health professionals to upskill and work to their full scope of practice, while also providing cost efficiencies for the health service. 3 The Alliance would certainly support such measures, but there must also be resources put towards improving digital health literacy for both consumers and health care providers so that all Australians can be enabled to make optimal use of digital and telehealth services. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7461285/ doi: 10.1111/ajr.12663 id: cord-338282-q2g1vw3y author: O’Neil, Adrienne title: The impact of socioeconomic position (SEP) on women's health over the lifetime date: 2020-06-05 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The “social gradient of health” refers to the steep inverse associations between socioeconomic position (SEP) and the risk of premature mortality and morbidity. In many societies, due to cultural and structural factors, women and girls have reduced access to the socioeconomic resources that ensure good health and wellbeing when compared with their male counterparts. Thus, the objective of this paper is to review how SEP - a construct at the heart of the Social Determinants of Health (SDoH) theory - shapes the health and longevity of women and girls at all stages of the lifespan. Using literature identified from PubMed, Cochrane, CINAHL and EMBASE databases, we first describe the SDoH theory. We then use examples from each stage of the life course to demonstrate how SEP can differentially shape girls’ and women’s health outcomes compared with boys’ and men’s, as well as between sub-groups of girls and women when other axes of inequalities are considered, including ethnicity, race and residential setting. We also explore the key consideration of whether conventional SEP markers are appropriate for understanding the social determinants of women’s health. We conclude by making key recommendations in the context of clinical, research and policy development. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32972629/ doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.06.001 id: cord-317602-ftcs7fvq author: O’Reilly-Shah, Vikas N. title: The COVID-19 Pandemic Highlights Shortcomings in US Health Care Informatics Infrastructure: A Call to Action date: 2020-05-12 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1213/ane.0000000000004945 doi: 10.1213/ane.0000000000004945 id: cord-294209-6i8nu9l2 author: O’Sullivan, Belinda title: Rural Pandemic Preparedness: The Risk, Resilience and Response Required of Primary Healthcare date: 2020-08-17 words: 4584.0 sentences: 253.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294209-6i8nu9l2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294209-6i8nu9l2.txt summary: Rural communities have nuanced risks related to their mobility and interaction patterns coupled with heightened population needs, socio-economic disadvantage, and access and health service infrastructure challenges. Response consists of rural PHC teams adopting new preventative clinics, screening and ambulatory models to protect health workers from exposure whilst maximizing population screening and continuity of healthcare for vulnerable groups. It is imperative that mainstream pandemic policies recognize the nuance of rural settings and address resourcing and support strategies to each level of rural risk, resilience, and response for a strong health system ready for surge events. 28, 29 The focus on strong PHC is essential as most rural towns have small (<10 bed) (minimal high dependency care), or no hospitals and more remote communities rely on community clinics, nursing stations or visiting primary healthcare teams (Table 1) . abstract: Pandemic situations present enormous risks to essential rural primary healthcare (PHC) teams and the communities they serve. Yet, the pandemic policy development for rural contexts remains poorly defined. This article draws on reflections of the rural PHC response during the COVID-19 pandemic around three elements: risk, resilience, and response. Rural communities have nuanced risks related to their mobility and interaction patterns coupled with heightened population needs, socio-economic disadvantage, and access and health service infrastructure challenges. This requires specific risk assessment and communication which addresses the local context. Pandemic resilience relies on qualified and stable PHC teams using flexible responses and resources to enable streams of pandemic-related healthcare alongside ongoing primary healthcare. This depends on problem solving within limited resources and using networks and collaborations to enable healthcare for populations spread over large geographic catchments. PHC teams must secure systems for patient retrieval and managing equipment and resources including providing for situations where supply chains may fail and staff need rest. Response consists of rural PHC teams adopting new preventative clinics, screening and ambulatory models to protect health workers from exposure whilst maximizing population screening and continuity of healthcare for vulnerable groups. Innovative models that emerge during pandemics, including telehealth clinics, may bear specific evaluation for informing ongoing rural health system capabilities and patient access. It is imperative that mainstream pandemic policies recognize the nuance of rural settings and address resourcing and support strategies to each level of rural risk, resilience, and response for a strong health system ready for surge events. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32904086/ doi: 10.2147/rmhp.s265610 id: cord-027859-citynr6c author: P. Shetty, Nandini title: Epidemiology of Disease in the Tropics date: 2020-06-22 words: 9147.0 sentences: 466.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-027859-citynr6c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-027859-citynr6c.txt summary: No more than six deadly infectious diseases: pneumonia, tuberculosis, diarrhoeal diseases, malaria, measles and more recently, HIV/AIDS, account for half of all premature deaths, killing mostly children and young adults (Figure 3 .3). 9 In May 2002, the World Health Organization and the United Nations Children''s Fund recommended that the formulation of oral rehydration solution (ORS) for treatment of patients with diarrhoea be changed to one with a reduced osmolarity and that safety of the new formulation, particularly development of symptomatic hyponatremia, be monitored. Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe diarrhoeal disease in infants and young children all over the world, and an important public health problem, particularly in developing countries where 600 000 deaths each year are associated with this infection. falciparum causes most of the severe disease and deaths attributable to malaria and is most prevalent in Africa south of the Sahara and in certain areas of South-east Asia and the Western Pacifi c (Figure 3.7) . abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7315327/ doi: 10.1016/b978-1-4160-4470-3.50007-0 id: cord-321447-b58mzk8p author: Pandit, Nitin title: Artificial Intelligence and One Health: Knowledge Bases for Causal Modeling date: 2020-10-08 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Scientists all over the world are moving toward building database systems based on the One Health concept to prevent and manage outbreaks of zoonotic diseases. An appreciation of the process of discovery with incomplete information and a recognition of the role of observations gathered painstakingly by scientists in the field shows that simple databases will not be sufficient to build causal models of the complex relationships between human health and ecosystems. Rather, it is important also to build knowledge bases which complement databases using non-monotonic logic based artificial intelligence techniques, so that causal models can be improved as new, and sometimes contradictory, information is found from field studies. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33046950/ doi: 10.1007/s41745-020-00192-3 id: cord-300465-19euup51 author: Paniagua-Avila, Alejandra title: Evaluating a multicomponent program to improve hypertension control in Guatemala: study protocol for an effectiveness-implementation cluster randomized trial date: 2020-06-09 words: 4892.0 sentences: 259.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300465-19euup51.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300465-19euup51.txt summary: This study will generate urgently needed data on effective, adoptable, and sustainable interventions and implementation strategies to improve hypertension control in Guatemala and other LMICs. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03504124. Specifically, these strategies include team-based care, health coaching sessions, home-based blood pressure (BP) monitoring, clinical decision support, BP audit and feedback, and training of healthcare providers. This study is an implementation-effectiveness, hybrid, type 2, cluster randomized control trial that will evaluate a multilevel and multicomponent hypertension control program within the Guatemalan primary care system [17] . The multicomponent program includes a protocol-based hypertension treatment and five implementation strategies: team-based collaborative care, health provider education, health coaching sessions, home blood pressure monitoring, and blood pressure audit and feedback. The overarching aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and implementation outcomes of a hypertension control multicomponent program within the first and second levels of care in Guatemala, compared to usual care. abstract: BACKGROUND: Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Despite advances in hypertension prevention and treatment, the proportion of patients who are aware, treated and controlled is low, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We will evaluate an adapted version of a multilevel and multicomponent hypertension control program in Guatemala, previously proven effective and feasible in Argentina. The program components are: protocol-based hypertension treatment using a standardized algorithm; team-based collaborative care; health provider education; health coaching sessions; home blood pressure monitoring; blood pressure audit; and feedback. METHODS: Using a hybrid type 2 effectiveness-implementation design, we will evaluate clinical and implementation outcomes of the multicomponent program in Guatemala over an 18-month period. Through a cluster randomized trial, we will randomly assign 18 health districts to the intervention arm and 18 to enhanced usual care across five departments, enrolling 44 participants per health district and 1584 participants in total. The clinical outcomes are (1) the difference in the proportion of patients with controlled hypertension (< 130/80 mmHg) between the intervention and control groups at 18 months and (2) the net change in systolic and diastolic blood pressure from baseline to 18 months. The context-enhanced Reach, Efficacy, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance (RE-AIM)/Practical Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model (PRISM) framework will guide the evaluation of the implementation at the level of the patient, provider, and health system. Using a mixed-methods approach, we will evaluate the following implementation outcomes: acceptability, adoption, feasibility, fidelity, adaptation, reach, sustainability, and cost-effectiveness. DISCUSSION: We will disseminate the study findings, and promote scale up and scale out of the program, if proven effective. This study will generate urgently needed data on effective, adoptable, and sustainable interventions and implementation strategies to improve hypertension control in Guatemala and other LMICs. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03504124. Registered on 20 April 2018. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32517806/ doi: 10.1186/s13063-020-04345-8 id: cord-301423-stod75j2 author: Parekh, Niyati title: Health behaviours during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: implications for obesity date: 2020-08-04 words: 2764.0 sentences: 130.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301423-stod75j2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301423-stod75j2.txt summary: DESIGN: We reviewed how the pandemic adversely influences many of these behaviors, specifically physical activity, sedentary behaviors, sleep, and dietary intakes, and provided individual level strategies that may be used to mitigate them. Sheltering-in-place has significantly altered health behaviours and the food environment by limiting opportunities for daily physical activities, encouraging screen time and sedentary behaviours, disturbing sleep and promoting consumption of ultraprocessed foods and alcohol. The average American adult spends 7·2-9·5 h/d engaged in sedentary behaviours, such as sitting while working, Higher alcohol intake Fig. 1 (colour online) Interrelationships of behavioural risk factors for weight gain that have been affected by the COVID pandemic; the confluence of these behavioural changes is hypothesised to exacerbate the national prevalence of obesity that is a threat for disease severity and mortality reading, watching television and using computers, smartphones or other devices (9) . abstract: OBJECTIVE: Obesity is a risk factor for severe complications and death from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Public health efforts to control the pandemic may alter health behaviors related to weight gain, inflammation, and poor cardiometabolic health, exacerbating the prevalence of obesity, poor immune health, and chronic diseases. DESIGN: We reviewed how the pandemic adversely influences many of these behaviors, specifically physical activity, sedentary behaviors, sleep, and dietary intakes, and provided individual level strategies that may be used to mitigate them. RESULTS: At the community level and higher, public health and health care professionals need to advocate for intervention strategies and policy changes that address these behaviors, such as increasing nutrition assistance programs and creating designated areas for recreation and active transportation, to reduce disparities among vulnerable populations. CONCLUSIONS: The long-lasting impact of the pandemic on health behaviors, and the possibility of a second COVID-19 wave, emphasize the need for creative and evolving, multi-level approaches to assist individuals in adapting their health behaviors to prevent both chronic and infectious diseases. url: https://doi.org/10.1017/s1368980020003031 doi: 10.1017/s1368980020003031 id: cord-029616-hfxal05z author: Park, Brian title: Co-Creating a Thriving Human-Centered Health System in the Post-Covid-19 Era date: 2020-06-23 words: 2425.0 sentences: 112.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-029616-hfxal05z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-029616-hfxal05z.txt summary: The global flu pandemic of 1918 ignited the development of European national health services, while the Great Depression and World War II fortified the United States'' welfare state.11 In a similar vein, organizational experts observe that leadership actions following crises tend to define organizational culture for decades, leading either to long-term stress injury and illness or to "posttraumatic stress growth."12 Though no blueprint exists for leading organizations to well-being in the tail of a global pandemic, prior research in team leadership and organizational resilience points toward organizational factors that facilitate growth after crisis.10 , 13 As we rebuild and reimagine our health care delivery organizations, we have the opportunity to implement practices associated with workforce engagement and satisfaction as well as improved financial performance. abstract: The clinical-burnout epidemic meets the Covid-19 pandemic "tail": How health care leaders can respond. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7371317/ doi: 10.1056/cat.20.0247 id: cord-345811-f0yt2a32 author: Parmet, Wendy E. title: Public Health Literacy for Lawyers date: 2007-01-24 words: 7696.0 sentences: 388.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345811-f0yt2a32.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345811-f0yt2a32.txt summary: Lochner, like most important Supreme Court cases, was about many things and many themes can be dissected the rise of the labor movement;t2 the Supreme Court majority''s antipathy to progressive labor legi~lation;~~ and the struggle between courts and legislature^.^^ Legal scholars, however, seldom discuss the public health context, although the statute at issue was presented by the State of New York as a public health measure and bakeshop workers did experience numerous diseases, including a high prevalence of infectious tubercul~sis.~~ In fact, Justice Peckhani, writing for the majority of the Supreme Court, recognized that the statute would have been constitutional if it were indeed, truly, a public health measure.26 Thus, one of the key questions implicit in Lochnerwas the meaning of public health and whether worker protection issues could be seen as a valid concern for public health.27 Examined in this manner, Lochner provides an interesting insight into the contested nature of public health and the government''s role in protecting it. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14968671/ doi: 10.1111/j.1748-720x.2003.tb00136.x id: cord-348964-1x3nmwwt author: Patel, Love title: Ethical and Legal Challenges During the COVID‐19 Pandemic – Are We Thinking About Rural Hospitals? date: 2020-04-13 words: 1358.0 sentences: 88.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348964-1x3nmwwt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348964-1x3nmwwt.txt summary: In addition to ethical dilemmas, another concern among health care providers and health systems are legal issues they may face during and after crisis situations. 13 Conversely, law can be used to hold hospitals and health care workers accountable for patient injuries and harms, or for failing to plan for disasters. Currently, the program has expanded its reach to bring together professionals with wideranging perspectives throughout the health system to ensure that our process for ethical decision-making during the COVID-19 pandemic includes the concerns of small and large facilities, and shares resources in a way that all the communities we serve can understand and support. Hospitalists, intensivists, ED physicians, medical staff leaders, and nurses are working closely with ethics specialists, administration and legal counsel, and preparing as a team for the worst case scenario. Ethical Guidance for Disaster Response, Specifically Around Crisis Standards of Care: A Systematic Review abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1111/jrh.12447 doi: 10.1111/jrh.12447 id: cord-048477-ze511t38 author: Patel, Mahomed S. title: General Practice and Pandemic Influenza: A Framework for Planning and Comparison of Plans in Five Countries date: 2008-05-28 words: 6918.0 sentences: 343.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-048477-ze511t38.txt txt: ./txt/cord-048477-ze511t38.txt summary: The framework identifies four functional domains: clinical care for influenza and other needs, public health responsibilities, the internal environment and the macro-environment of general practice. Although there is little evidence linking specific preparedness activities to effective system-wide responses to pandemic influenza [5, 6] , change management theories point to a need for dynamic partnerships between general practices and other ambulatory care services, hospitals and public health departments [10] . We aimed to develop a framework that will facilitate systematic planning for the general practice response to pandemic influenza and used it to appraise coverage of key elements in publicly available pandemic plans from Australia, England, USA, New Zealand and Canada. This calls for coordination across general practices and other ambulatory care services to ensure primary health care needs within the community are effectively monitored and addressed; with hospitals to avoid/delay hospitalisation and facilitate early discharge; and with public health units to share responsibilities for contact tracing, monitoring and treating people in home isolation or quarantine, dispensing of anti-viral medications, and participation in mass immunisations against pandemic strains of the virus (when these become available). abstract: BACKGROUND: Although primary health care, and in particular, general practice will be at the frontline in the response to pandemic influenza, there are no frameworks to guide systematic planning for this task or to appraise available plans for their relevance to general practice. We aimed to develop a framework that will facilitate planning for general practice, and used it to appraise pandemic plans from Australia, England, USA, New Zealand and Canada. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We adapted the Haddon matrix to develop the framework, populating its cells through a multi-method study that incorporated the peer-reviewed and grey literature, interviews with general practitioners, practice nurses and senior decision-makers, and desktop simulation exercises. We used the framework to analyse 89 publicly-available jurisdictional plans at similar managerial levels in the five countries. The framework identifies four functional domains: clinical care for influenza and other needs, public health responsibilities, the internal environment and the macro-environment of general practice. No plan addressed all four domains. Most plans either ignored or were sketchy about non-influenza clinical needs, and about the contribution of general practice to public health beyond surveillance. Collaborations between general practices were addressed in few plans, and inter-relationships with the broader health system, even less frequently. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to provide a framework to guide general practice planning for pandemic influenza. The framework helped identify critical shortcomings in available plans. Engaging general practice effectively in planning is challenging, particularly where governance structures for primary health care are weak. We identify implications for practice and for research. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2386973/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002269 id: cord-337816-ivj1imsk author: Patel, Vikram title: Empowering global mental health in the time of Covid19 date: 2020-05-20 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102160 doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102160 id: cord-329653-5nkrrqqw author: Patrick, Jennifer R. title: Influenza: Critique of the contemporary challenges for pandemic planning, prevention, control, and treatment in emergency health services date: 2011-04-08 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The 2009 H(1)N(1) influenza pandemic was a major challenge to health services around the world. Previous experiences with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Avian Influenza A (H5N1) prompted initiation of formal pandemic planning. Essential and desirable features of pandemic plans include preparation for surveillance, investigation of cases, treatment modalities, prevention of community spread, maintenance of essential services, research and evaluation, and implementation, testing and revision of the plan. The experience of 2009 H(1)N(1) influenza pandemic for emergency departments and their staff was problematic. The pace of the pandemic, coupled with untested pandemic plans, presented a unique range of challenges. In this paper, the contemporary challenges with respect to pandemic influenza prevention, control, and treatment are examined. The lessons learned are critical to our response to future pandemics, which are inevitable. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aenj.2011.03.001 doi: 10.1016/j.aenj.2011.03.001 id: cord-323703-fsj736dg author: Patterson, Grace T. title: Moving health to the heart of agri-food policies; mitigating risk from our food systems date: 2020-08-30 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Our food systems are progressively more industrialized and consolidated with many modern food value chains involving multiple countries and continents, and as such being associated with changes in risk profile and impacts of emerging and re-emerging diseases. Disease outbreaks that sweep through a single region can have massive impacts on food supply, while severe outbreaks of human pathogens can disrupt agricultural labor supply or demand for products perceived as ‘unsafe’. Market pressures have generally rewarded production of cash crops for fuel and energy dense, low nutrient processed foods over production of fruits and vegetables for local consumption. Climbing rates of food-related NCDs and pre-existing conditions leave the population increasingly susceptible to infectious diseases that are often driven by or arise from the food system. Therefore disease and diet from our food systems cause impacts on human health, and human health issues can impact on the functioning of the food system. The COVID-19 outbreak is the most recent example of food system driven disease emergence and of massive supply and demand shocks in the food system, experienced as a direct and indirect result of this disease. The effects of the food system on disease spread (and vice versa) must be addressed in future plans to prevent and mitigate large scale outbreaks. Health policies must acknowledge the food system as the base of our health system, as must agri-food policy recognize the pre-eminence of human health (directly and indirectly) in decision making. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32904586/ doi: 10.1016/j.gfs.2020.100424 id: cord-339111-d6ll48nv author: Patterson, Joanne M title: COVID‐19 and ENT SLT services, workforce and research in the UK: A discussion paper date: 2020-08-08 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID‐19 pandemic and the UK government's subsequent coronavirus action plan have fundamentally impacted on every aspect of healthcare. One area that is severely affected is ear, nose and throat (ENT)/laryngology where speech and language therapists (SLTs) engage in a diverse range of practice with patients with a range of conditions, including voice disorders, airway problems, and head and neck cancers (HNCs). A large majority of these patients are in high‐risk categories, and many specialized clinical practices are vulnerable. In addition, workforce and research issues are challenged in both the immediate context and the future. AIMS: To discuss the threats and opportunities from the COVID‐19 pandemic for SLTs in ENT/laryngology with specific reference to clinical practice, workforce and research leadership. METHODS & PROCEDURES: The relevant sections of the World Health Organisation's (WHO) health systems building blocks framework (2007) were used to structure the study. Expert agreement was determined by an iterative process of multiple‐group discussions, the use of all recent relevant policy documentation, and other literature and shared documentation/writing. The final paper was verified and agreed by all authors. MAIN CONTRIBUTION: The main threats to ENT/laryngology SLT clinical services include increased patient complexity related to COVID‐19 voice and airway problems, delayed HNC diagnosis, reduced access to instrumental procedures and inequitable care provision. The main clinical opportunities include the potential for new modes of service delivery and collaborations, and harnessing SLT expertise in non‐instrumental assessment. There are several workforce issues, including redeployment (and impact on current services), training implications and psychological impact on staff. Workforce opportunities exist for service innovation and potential extended ENT/SLT practice roles. Research is threatened by a reduction in immediate funding calls and high competition. Current research is affected by very limited access to participants and the ability to conduct face‐to‐face and instrumental assessments. However, research opportunities may result in greater collaboration, and changes in service delivery necessitate robust investigation and evaluation. A new national set of research priorities is likely to emerge. CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS: The immediate impact of the pandemic has resulted in major disruption to all aspects of clinical delivery, workforce and research for ENT/laryngology SLT. It is unclear when any of these areas will resume operations and whether permanent changes to clinical practice, professional remits and research priorities will follow. However, significant opportunity exists in the post‐COVID era to re‐evaluate current practice, embrace opportunities and evaluate new ways of working. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT: ENT/laryngology SLTs manage patients with a range of conditions, including voice disorders, airway problems and HNCs. The diverse scope of clinical practice involves highly specialized assessment and treatment practices in patients in high‐risk categories. A large majority of active research projects in this field are patient focused and involve instrumental assessment. The COVID‐19 pandemic has created both opportunities and threats for ENT SLT clinical services, workforce and research. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE: This study provides a discussion of the threats and opportunities from the COVID‐19 pandemic for ENT/laryngology SLT with specific reference to clinical practice, workforce and research leadership. WHAT ARE THE POTENTIAL OR ACTUAL CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS OF THIS WORK? The COVID‐19 pandemic has resulted in major disruption to all aspects of clinical delivery, workforce and research for ENT/laryngology SLT. Changes to clinical practice, professional remits and research priorities are of indeterminant duration at this time, and some components could be permanent. Significant clinical practice, workforce and research opportunities may exist in the post‐COVID era. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/1460-6984.12565 doi: 10.1111/1460-6984.12565 id: cord-273805-01b94ids author: Paul, Elisabeth title: An assessment of the core capacities of the Senegalese health system to deliver Universal Health Coverage date: 2020-09-02 words: 4120.0 sentences: 250.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273805-01b94ids.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273805-01b94ids.txt summary: Based on a critical review of existing data and documents, complemented by the authors'' experience in supporting UHC policy making and implementation in Senegal, we apply the World Health Organisation''s conceptual framework based on six health system building blocks (leadership and governance; financing; health workforce; infrastructure, equipment, pharmaceuticals and medical products; health information; and service delivery) [8] , enhanced by an analysis of the demand-side of the health system (characteristics and expectations of the Senegalese populations) [9] . However, based on our appraisal of the situation, two important issues weaken the governance of the health and social protection sectors in Senegal: on the one hand, severe disparities in the way in which resources are allocated and managed in the sector and across regions [2, 15] ; and on J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f the other hand, the fragmentation of the institutions in charge of managing and implementing the various aspects of the overall UHC policy. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpopen.2020.100012 doi: 10.1016/j.hpopen.2020.100012 id: cord-335373-17tcikxl author: Paul, Elisabeth title: COVID-19: time for paradigm shift in the nexus between local, national and global health date: 2020-04-20 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002622 doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002622 id: cord-018024-fzjbdsg0 author: Pellegrino, Edmund D. title: The Good of Patients and the Good of Society: Striking a Moral Balance date: 2004 words: 8080.0 sentences: 423.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-018024-fzjbdsg0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-018024-fzjbdsg0.txt summary: In previous works we have held that an authentic ethic of clinical medicine must have its roots in a philosophy of medicine in which the good of the patient determines the obligations and virtues of the health professional. We contend that an authentic ethic of social medicine must have its roots in a philosophy of society in which the common good determines the obligations and virtues of the health professional. Physicians and nurses today practice within organizations, institutions, and systems; they are members of interprofessional health care teams and professional associations; access, availability, and distribution of health care has become a question of justice, and fairness; the economic, societal, and political impact of medical decisions have ethical significance, as does the conduct of health care organizations; potential be included under the same rubric. Medicine has always existed within a social context in which the uses of medical knowledge and clinical decisions have impacted the good of society as well as the individual patient. abstract: The relationship between the good of individual patients and the special good is examined when they are in conflict. The proposition is advanced that the ethical resolution of such conflicts requires an ethic of social medicine comparable to the existing ethic of clinical medicine. Comparing and contrasting the obligations clinicians incur under both aspects of the ethics of medicine is propadeutic to any ordering of priorities between them. The suggested partition of obligations between patient good and the common good is applicable beyond medicine to the other health professions. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7122765/ doi: 10.1007/1-4020-2207-7_2 id: cord-315730-fzgxuak7 author: Penman, Sophie L. title: Safety perspectives on presently considered drugs for the treatment of COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-17 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Intense effort is underway to evaluate potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of COVID‐19. In order to respond quickly to the crisis, the repurposing of existing drugs is the primary pharmacological strategy. Despite the urgent clinical need for these therapies, it is imperative to consider potential safety issues. This is important due to the harm‐benefit ratios that may be encountered when treating COVID‐19, which can depend on the stage of the disease, when therapy is administered and underlying clinical factors in individual patients. Treatments are currently being trialled for a range of scenarios from prophylaxis (where benefit must greatly exceed risk) to severe life‐threatening disease (where a degree of potential risk may be tolerated if it is exceeded by the potential benefit). In this perspective, we have reviewed some of the most widely‐researched repurposed agents in order to identify potential safety considerations using existing information in the context of COVID‐19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32681537/ doi: 10.1111/bph.15204 id: cord-347410-6muxz6c5 author: Phillips, Sally title: Readiness and response to public health emergencies: Help needed Now from professional nursing associations date: 2004-10-19 words: 901.0 sentences: 52.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347410-6muxz6c5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347410-6muxz6c5.txt summary: Agencies within the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) have been working to address readiness and response capabilities, but private organizations and professional associations also have a role to play. In keeping with the Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002, HHS developed a department-wide strategic plan to delineate its priorities. htm) have strategic activities in education, training, licensure, and credentialing for the public health care workforce and for hospital readiness. Under the directive, HHS established the Healthcare Sector Coordinating Council, which has responsibility for activities such as communicating potential risks, threats, and vulnerabilities to private organizations. A coordinating group comprising nurses from university, public health, and response settings, with a secure system that would allow collaboration on issues like identifying and providing a roster of volunteers, would be a good national, consistent approach to identifying and addressing vulnerabilities. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S8755722304000729 doi: 10.1016/j.profnurs.2004.07.003 id: cord-299833-f2q6di3t author: Pietrabissa, Giada title: Psychological Consequences of Social Isolation During COVID-19 Outbreak date: 2020-09-09 words: 2857.0 sentences: 139.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299833-f2q6di3t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299833-f2q6di3t.txt summary: Loneliness has been an emerging issue in society in recent years, and has been linked to depression, irritability, and preoccupation with negative self-related thoughts, alongside a 26% increase in risk of premature death. Like social isolation, loneliness has been linked to depression (Cacioppo et al., 2006; Han and Richardson, 2010) , increased cortisol levels (Edwards et al., 2010; Miller, 2011) , lowered immunity (Cole et al., 2011) , and clinical disease, with attendant increases in length and frequency of hospital stays (Thurston and Kubzansky, 2009; Hawker and Romero-Ortuno, 2016) . Unlike the common and ineliminable moments of crisis that characterize the existence of each of us -which, although destabilizing, represent a unique and fundamental opportunity to review personal strategies for problem management -in this period, people are experiencing impotence, vulnerability, and a feeling of loss of control over one''s life as a response to something indeterminate in time and space. An overview of systematic reviews on the public health consequences of social isolation and loneliness abstract: Perceived social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic significantly has had an extraordinary global impact, with significant psychological consequences. Changes in our daily lives, feeling of loneliness, job losses, financial difficulty, and grief over the death of loved ones have the potential to affect the mental health of many. In an atmosphere of uncertainty, it is essential that clear and precise information is offered about the problem and how to manage it. In this contribution, a rationale is provided for an urgent call for a rapid response to the mental health impacts of COVID-19. Moreover, suggestions for individuals to regulate their emotions effectively and appropriately are provided. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02201 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02201 id: cord-339822-cewpqddk author: Plotkin, Bruce title: Human rights and other provisions in the revised International Health Regulations (2005) date: 2007-09-27 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: In May 2005, the World Health Assembly of the World Health Organization (WHO) adopted the revised International Health Regulations (2005), which have now entered into force for WHO Member States across the globe. These Regulations contain a broad range of binding provisions to address the risks of international disease spread in international travel, trade and transportation. Important elements include multiple provisions, whether denominated in terms of human rights or other terminology, that are protective of interests of individuals who may be subject to public health measures in this international context. With the vast (and increasing) numbers of persons undertaking international voyages and the global coverage of these revised Regulations, they are an important development in this area. This article describes a number of these key provisions and some of the related issues they present. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0033350607002685 doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2007.08.001 id: cord-017367-15o6g57q author: Polychronakis, Ioannis title: Workplace Health Promotion Interventions ConcerningWomenWorkers'' Occupational Hazards date: 2008 words: 10561.0 sentences: 603.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-017367-15o6g57q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-017367-15o6g57q.txt summary: While affected by many occupational hazards, some of which are cited in Table 3 .3, women working in the cleaning industry are also disadvantaged due to the fact that (Gavana, Tsoukana, Giannakopoulos, Smyrnakis, & Benos, 2005; Gyorkos et al., 2005; Nakazono, Nii-no, & Ishi, 1985; Skillen, Olson, & Gilbert, 2001; Valeur-Jensen et al., 1999) • Vascular problems (Kovess-Masfety, Sevilla-Dedieu, Rios-Seidel, Nerriere, & Chee, 2006) of the lower extremities due to extended standing (Sandmark, Wiktorin, Hogstedt, Klenell-Hatschek, & Vingard, 1999) in upright position • Voice disorders due to overuse of vocal chords Duff, Proctor, & Yairi, 2004; Kooijman et al., 2006; Kosztyla-Hojna, Rogowski, Ruczaj, Pepinski, & Lobaczuk-Sitnik, 2004; Roy, 1999; Sliwinska-Kowalska et al., 2006; Sulkowski & Kowalska, 2005; Thibeault, Merrill, Roy, Gray, & Smith, 2004; Williams, 2003) • Exposure to increased levels of noise (Behar et al., 2004) • Musculoskeletal problems (Fjellman-Wiklund, Brulin, & Sundelin, 2003; Sandmark, 2000; Yamamoto, Saeki, & Kurumatani, 2003) (handling and lifting small children in day care centres, physical education teachers, inadequate body posture) • Work-related stress (Fjellman-Wiklund et al., 2003; Zidkova & Martinkova, 2003) • Children''s or adolescent''s violent behavior (Lawrence & Green, 2005) abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7121914/ doi: 10.1007/978-0-387-73038-7_3 id: cord-011728-q0peybon author: Pongcharoensuk, Petcharat title: Avian and pandemic human influenza policy in South-East Asia: the interface between economic and public health imperatives date: 2011-08-22 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The aim of this study was to analyse the contemporary policies regarding avian and human pandemic influenza control in three South-East Asia countries: Thailand, Indonesia and Vietnam. An analysis of poultry vaccination policy was used to explore the broader policy of influenza A H5N1 control in the region. The policy of antiviral stockpiling with oseltamivir, a scarce regional resource, was used to explore human pandemic influenza preparedness policy. Several policy analysis theories were applied to analyse the debate on the use of vaccination for poultry and stockpiling of antiviral drugs in each country case study. We conducted a comparative analysis across emergent themes. The study found that whilst Indonesia and Vietnam introduced poultry vaccination programmes, Thailand rejected this policy approach. By contrast, all three countries adopted similar strategic policies for antiviral stockpiling in preparation. In relation to highly pathogenic avian influenza, economic imperatives are of critical importance. Whilst Thailand's poultry industry is large and principally an export economy, Vietnam's and Indonesia's are for domestic consumption. The introduction of a poultry vaccination policy in Thailand would have threatened its potential to trade and had a major impact on its economy. Powerful domestic stakeholders in Vietnam and Indonesia, by contrast, were concerned less about international trade and more about maintaining a healthy domestic poultry population. Evidence on vaccination was drawn upon differently depending upon strategic economic positioning either to support or oppose the policy. With influenza A H5N1 endemic in some countries of the region, these policy differences raise questions around regional coherence of policies and the pursuit of an agreed overarching goal, be that eradication or mitigation. Moreover, whilst economic imperatives have been critically important in guiding policy formulation in the agriculture sector, questions arise regarding whether agriculture sectoral policy is coherent with public health sectoral policy across the region. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7314014/ doi: 10.1093/heapol/czr056 id: cord-312647-71jdf5nt author: Poole, Nigel title: Agri-nutrition research: Revisiting the contribution of maize and wheat to human nutrition and health date: 2020-09-18 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Research linking agriculture and nutrition has evolved since the mid-20th century. The current focus is on child-stunting, dietary diversity and ‘nutrient-rich’ foods in recognition of the growing burdens of malnutrition and non-communicable diseases. This article concerns the global dietary and health contribution of major cereals, specifically maize and wheat, which are often considered not to be ‘nutrient-rich’ foods. Nevertheless, these cereals are major sources of dietary energy, of essential proteins and micronutrients, and diverse non-nutrient bioactive food components. Research on bioactives, and dietary fibre in particular, is somewhat ‘siloed’, with little attention paid by the agri-nutrition research community to the role of cereal bioactives in healthy diets, and the adverse health effects often arising through processing and manufacturing of cereals-based food products. We argue that the research agenda should embrace the whole nutritional contribution of the multiple dietary components of cereals towards addressing the triple burden of undernutrition, micronutrient malnutrition, overweight/obesity and non-communicable diseases. Agri-nutrition and development communities need to adopt a multidisciplinary and food systems research approach from farm to metabolism. Agriculture researchers should collaborate with other food systems stakeholders on nutrition-related challenges in cereal production, processing and manufacturing, and food waste and losses. Cereal and food scientists should also collaborate with social scientists to better understand the impacts on diets of the political economy of the food industry, and the diverse factors which influence local and global dietary transitions, consumer behavioural choices, dietary change, and the assessment and acceptance of novel and nutritious cereal-based products. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2020.101976 doi: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2020.101976 id: cord-253120-yzb8yo90 author: Popovich, Michael L. title: The Power of Consumer Activism and the Value of Public Health Immunization Registries in a Pandemic: Preparedness for Emerging Diseases and Today’s Outbreaks date: 2018-09-21 words: 4473.0 sentences: 240.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253120-yzb8yo90.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253120-yzb8yo90.txt summary: This paper builds upon early experiments to empower individuals in this ecosystem by leveraging the value of these public health data assets and trusted communications, illustrating the possibilities for engaging consumers to support reducing the impact of emerging diseases, outbreaks and the next pandemic. If the odds of receiving accurate information during a pandemic are against you in the social media world, consider the opportunity if there were direct public health agency communication channels to individuals -by building on existing immunization networks. It was through these early experiments and the growing data assets in state immunization systems that create a framework and technical platform to accelerate the potential value of engaging individuals in response plans for pandemic preparedness planning and support of today''s outbreak. The next step is to begin to engage individuals to establish those that would be willing to provide ongoing information to public health specific to immunizations and disease occurrences. abstract: Public Health immunization registries and the immunization ecosystem have evolved over the past two decades to become significant population health data assets. Clinical providers and pharmacists are reporting the immunizations given to their patients to public health registries in 49 states and all territories, creating consolidated immunization event patient records. Most of these immunization events are reported through the provider’s Electronic Health Record system (EHR), Pharmacy Management System (PMS), online, or through data uploads. Meaningful Use and health data standards (HL7) became the drivers that accelerated reporting to immunization registries and significantly improved the quantity and quality of the data. The infrastructure supporting the Immunization Ecosystem (IE) has enabled real-time compliance reporting and, more importantly, real-time patient queries. The provider community now has online access to a patient’s immunization history in over three quarters of the states, and growing. This access includes a forecast of the patient’s immunization gaps provided by public health decision support tools based upon the most recent ACIP recommendations. This is creating an opportunity for the provider and the patient to work together to reduce their risk of suffering a vaccine-preventable disease. This IE and the data in an Immunization Information System (IIS) are especially useful as pharmacies expand their immunization practices and create opportunities to reduce the adolescent and adult immunization gaps. In a few states, this provider-public health ecosystem has begun to extend to individuals by allowing them to access the IIS online through the use of MyIR. MyIR provides them with the electronic version of their immunization "yellow cards," recommendations for immunizations due, and the ability to print official certificates. This emerging consumer engagement creates opportunities to empower individuals to be more proactive in their family’s health care. This paper builds upon early experiments to empower individuals in this ecosystem by leveraging the value of these public health data assets and trusted communications, illustrating the possibilities for engaging consumers to support reducing the impact of emerging diseases, outbreaks and the next pandemic. This paper will suggest the value of the IE and the role individuals can play within their own social networks to advance public health efforts to manage disease events. In turn, this social mission would encourage consumers to be more proactive in managing their own healthcare. url: https://doi.org/10.5210/ojphi.v10i2.9147 doi: 10.5210/ojphi.v10i2.9147 id: cord-327180-yw8rzrb7 author: Prateepko, Tapanan title: Patterns of perception toward influenza pandemic among the front-line responsible health personnel in southern Thailand: a Q methodology approach date: 2009-05-28 words: 3757.0 sentences: 207.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327180-yw8rzrb7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327180-yw8rzrb7.txt summary: title: Patterns of perception toward influenza pandemic among the front-line responsible health personnel in southern Thailand: a Q methodology approach Subjects were asked to rank 33 statements about various issues of influenza pandemic according to a pre-designed score sheet having a quasi-normal distribution on a continuous 9-point bipolar scale ranging from -4 for strongly disagree to +4 for strongly agree. The most conflicting area was vulnerability on the possible impacts of an influenza pandemic, having factor scores of high (3), low (-4), and neutral (0) for patterns I, II, and III, respectively. We identified three main patterns of health personnel in southern Thailand based on the perception toward a threat of an influenza pandemic. Perception of low level of severity and vulnerability or low levels of appraised threat of an influenza pandemic may inhibit motivation of health personnel to engage in protective behavior [27, 28] . abstract: BACKGROUND: Thailand has joined the World Health Organization effort to prepare against a threat of an influenza pandemic. Regular monitoring on preparedness of health facilities and assessment on perception of the front-line responsible health personnel has never been done. This study aimed to document the patterns of perception of health personnel toward the threat of an influenza pandemic. METHODS: Q methodology was applied to a set of 385 health personnel in charge of influenza pandemic preparedness in the three southernmost provinces of Thailand. Subjects were asked to rank 33 statements about various issues of influenza pandemic according to a pre-designed score sheet having a quasi-normal distribution on a continuous 9-point bipolar scale ranging from -4 for strongly disagree to +4 for strongly agree. The Q factor analysis method was employed to identify patterns based on the similarity and dissimilarity among health personnel. RESULTS: There were three main patterns of perception toward influenza pandemic with moderate correlation coefficients between patterns ranging from 0.37 to 0.55. Pattern I, health personnel, which we labeled pessimistic, perceived themselves as having a low self-efficacy. Pattern II, which we labeled optimistic, perceived the threat to be low severity and low vulnerability. Pattern III, which we labeled mixed, perceived low self-efficacy but low vulnerability. Across the three patterns, almost all the subjects had a high expectancy that execution of recommended measures can mitigate impacts of the threat of an influenza pandemic, particularly on multi-measures with high factor scores of 4 in all patterns. The most conflicting area was vulnerability on the possible impacts of an influenza pandemic, having factor scores of high (3), low (-4), and neutral (0) for patterns I, II, and III, respectively. CONCLUSION: Strong consistent perceptions of response efficacy against an influenza pandemic may suggest a low priority to convince health personnel on the efficacy of the recommended measures. Lack of self-efficacy in certain sub-groups indicates the need for program managers to improve self-confidence of health personnel to participate in an emergency response. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19473550/ doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-9-161 id: cord-252691-757mh2mh author: Pratt, R. J. title: epic2: National Evidence-Based Guidelines for Preventing Healthcare-Associated Infections in NHS Hospitals in England date: 2007-02-28 words: 25528.0 sentences: 1404.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252691-757mh2mh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252691-757mh2mh.txt summary: Following extensive consultation, they were published in January 2001.1 These guidelines describe the precautions healthcare workers should take in three areas: standard principles for preventing HCAI, which include hospital environmental hygiene, hand hygiene, the use of personal protective equipment, and the safe use and disposal of sharps; preventing infections associated with the use of short-term indwelling urethral catheters; and preventing infections associated with central venous catheters. epic2: Guidelines for Preventing Healthcare-Associated Infections in NHS Hospitals S15 Current evidence-based guidelines conclude that in both outbreak and non-outbreak situations contaminated hands are responsible for crosstransmission of microorganisms and that effective and effective hand decontamination can significantly reduce both cross-transmission and crossinfection rates for the majority of HCAI in all healthcare settings. 1, 85 The decision to use or wear personal protective equipment must be based upon an assessment of epic2: Guidelines for Preventing Healthcare-Associated Infections in NHS Hospitals S19 the level of risk associated with a specific patient care activity or intervention and take account of current health and safety legislation. abstract: Executive Summary National evidence-based guidelines for preventing healthcare-associated infections (HCAI) in National Health Service (NHS) hospitals in England were commissioned by the Department of Health (DH) and developed during 1998-2000 by a nurse-led multi-professional team of researchers and specialist clinicians. Following extensive consultation, they were published in January 2001.1 These guidelines describe the precautions healthcare workers should take in three areas: standard principles for preventing HCAI, which include hospital environmental hygiene, hand hygiene, the use of personal protective equipment, and the safe use and disposal of sharps; preventing infections associated with the use of short-term indwelling urethral catheters; and preventing infections associated with central venous catheters. The evidence for these guidelines was identified by multiple systematic reviews of experimental and non-experimental research and expert opinion as reflected in systematically identified professional, national and international guidelines, which were formally assessed by a validated appraisal process. In 2003, we developed complementary national guidelines for preventing HCAI in primary and community care on behalf of the National Collaborating Centre for Nursing and Supportive Care (National Institute for Healthand Clinical Excellence).2 A cardinal feature of evidence-based guidelines is that they are subject to timely review in order that new research evidence and technological advances can be identified, appraised and, if shown to be effective in preventing HCAI, incorporated into amended guidelines. Periodically updating the evidence base and guideline recommendations is essential in order to maintain their validity and authority. Consequently, the DH commissioned a review of new evidence published following the last systematic reviews. We have now updated the evidence base for making infection prevention and control recommendations. A critical assessment of the updated evidence indicated that the original epic guidelines published in 2001 remain robust, relevant and appropriate but that adjustments need to be made to some guideline recommendations following a synopsis of the evidence underpinning the guidelines. These updated national guidelines (epic2) provide comprehensive recommendations for preventing HCAI in hospitals and other acute care settings based on the best currently available evidence. Because this is not always the best possible evidence, we have included a suggested agenda for further research in each section of the guidelines. National evidence-based guidelines are broad principles of best practice which need to be integrated into local practice guidelines. To monitor implementation, we have suggested key audit criteria for each section of recommendations. Clinically effective infection prevention and control practice is an essential feature of protecting patients. By incorporating these guidelines into routine daily clinical practice, patient safety can be enhanced and the risk of patients acquiring an infection during episodes of healthcare in NHS hospitals in England can be minimised. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195670107600024 doi: 10.1016/s0195-6701(07)60002-4 id: cord-007749-lt9is0is author: Preston, Nicholas D. title: The Human Environment Interface: Applying Ecosystem Concepts to Health date: 2013-05-01 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: One Health approaches have tended to focus on closer collaboration among veterinarians and medical professionals, but remain unclear about how ecological approaches could be applied or how they might benefit public health and disease control. In this chapter, we review ecological concepts, and discuss their relevance to health, with an emphasis on emerging infectious diseases (EIDs). Despite the fact that most EIDs originate in wildlife, few studies account for the population, community, or ecosystem ecology of the host, reservoir, or vector. The dimensions of ecological approaches to public health that we propose in this chapter are, in essence, networks of population dynamics, community structure, and ecosystem matrices incorporating concepts of complexity, resilience, and biogeochemical processes. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7121839/ doi: 10.1007/82_2013_317 id: cord-257571-4ujw0mn1 author: Price, Alex title: Assessing Continuous Quality Improvement in Public Health: Adapting Lessons from Healthcare date: 2017-02-17 words: 5720.0 sentences: 306.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257571-4ujw0mn1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257571-4ujw0mn1.txt summary: Training and information systems needed for quality-improvement efforts Mechanisms for facilitating learning through the organization and system which outline the program and service requirements for boards of health and public health units, as well as broad goals and outcomes across each area of public health; (2) accountability agreements between the Ministry and boards of health and their public health units that establish specific performance indicators and targets related to areas of the OPHS; "At this point I feel more confident in our organization'' s capacity to demonstrate success in performance management than I do with the two indicators my team has been given within the accountability agreement system from the Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care." -Site-A informant Despite the implied and explicitly stated opportunity cost created by misalignment in local and provincial priorities apparent in interview findings, 74% of survey respondents disagreed or strongly disagreed that an emphasis on provincial performance measurement and target achievement would interfere with the quality of program and service provision at a local public health level. abstract: CONTEXT: Evidence of the effect of continuous quality improvement (CQI) in public health and valid tools to judge that such effects are not fully formed. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to adapt and apply Shortell et al.'s (1998) four dimensions of CQI in an examination of a public health accountability and performance management initiative in Ontario, Canada. METHODS: In total, 24 semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with informants from public health units and the Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care. A web survey of public health managers in the province was also carried out. RESULTS: A mix of facilitators and barriers was identified. Leadership and organizational cultures, conducive to CQI success were evident. However, limitations in performance measurement and managerial discretion were key barriers. CONCLUSION: The four dimensions of CQI provided insight into both facilitators and barriers of CQI adoption in public health. Future research should compare the outcomes of public health CQI initiatives to the framework's stated facilitators and barriers. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28277203/ doi: nan id: cord-296422-5lsyh6s5 author: Purgato, Marianna title: Promotion, prevention and treatment interventions for mental health in low- and middle-income countries through a task-shifting approach date: 2020-08-03 words: 4460.0 sentences: 176.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296422-5lsyh6s5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296422-5lsyh6s5.txt summary: People living in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) are exposed to a constellation of stressors that make them vulnerable to developing psychological symptoms and/or mental disorders, and a large gap between individuals in need of care and those who actually receive evidence-based interventions still exists (World Health Organization, 2010 , 2015 . This new conceptualisation emphasised the importance of mental health promotion and prevention interventions, aimed at reducing the likelihood of future disorders with the general population or with people who are identified as being at risk of a disorder (Tol et al., 2015) . In addition, treatment interventions may include broader interventions sometimes delivered by PHWs or CWs (and sometimes by specialist psychiatric nurses) such as training in self-help interventions, informal support, transdiagnostic psychosocial support (individualised plan addressing social and emotional functioning and problems) and high-risk individual identification which may be particularly relevant to those who have detectable subthreshold signs and symptoms of mental illness (van Ginneken et al., 2013) . abstract: Recently, mental health and ill health have been reframed to be seen as a continuum from health to ill health, through the stages of being asymptomatic ‘at risk’, to experiencing ‘mental distress’, ‘sub-syndromal symptoms’ and finally ‘mental disorders’. This new conceptualisation emphasised the importance of mental health promotion and prevention interventions, aimed at reducing the likelihood of future disorders with the general population or with people who are identified as being at risk of a disorder. This concept generated discussion on the distinction between prevention and treatment interventions, especially for those mental health conditions which lie between psychological distress and a formal psychiatric diagnosis. The present editorial aims to clarify the definition of promotion, prevention and treatment interventions delivered through a task-shifting approach according to a global mental health perspective. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32744223/ doi: 10.1017/s204579602000061x id: cord-308645-5fghudac author: Qoronfleh, M. Walid title: Health is a political choice: why conduct healthcare research? Value, importance and outcomes to policy makers date: 2020-07-27 words: 4480.0 sentences: 213.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308645-5fghudac.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308645-5fghudac.txt summary: In short, the discussion highlights the following: i) health is a human right marching towards universal health care, with research underpinning every advance in health care and quality medical services; ii) evidence-based research is emerging as a critical tool to aid policyand decision-makers; iii) investment necessity in healthcare research/systems to enable responding to a country''s national health priorities and to strengthen public health policies; and iv) need for multi-sectoral involvement of stakeholders to bridge the gap between research and politics. Priority areas include the development of an integrated model of high-quality care and service delivery for the State of Qatar; enhanced health promotion and disease prevention; enhanced health protection; health integrated across the country in all policies; and establishing effective systems of health governance and leadership. Qatar''s National Health Strategy, 2018-2022, highlights the need for creating quality, care delivery infrastructureso-called "high-value health systems"to enable such improvements in patient access, affordability, and outcomes. abstract: This paper offers the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) viewpoint with Qatar as a case for lasting transformation of health systems. The Qatar case study illustrates the importance of research in the development of health policy. It provides description of a series of projects that have been undertaken in relevant national areas such as autism, dementia, genomics, palliative care and patient safety. The paper discourse draws attention to investment requirement in health research systems to respond to country national health priorities and to strengthen public health policies for improving health and social outcomes by narrowing the gap between research and politics. In short, the discussion highlights the following: i) health is a human right marching towards universal health care, with research underpinning every advance in health care and quality medical services; ii) evidence-based research is emerging as a critical tool to aid policy- and decision-makers; iii) investment necessity in healthcare research/systems to enable responding to a country’s national health priorities and to strengthen public health policies; and iv) need for multi-sectoral involvement of stakeholders to bridge the gap between research and politics. Finally, atypical stakeholders’ engagement and bond to politics is a prerequisite to achieve healthcare objectives and policy success so as to reap the benefits of public health results. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40504-020-00100-8 doi: 10.1186/s40504-020-00100-8 id: cord-297711-6zi9xgu4 author: R., Varalakshmi title: COVID 2019 – ROLE OF FACULTY MEMBERS TO KEEP MENTAL ACTIVENESS OF STUDENTS date: 2020-04-09 words: 1040.0 sentences: 65.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297711-6zi9xgu4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297711-6zi9xgu4.txt summary: World Health Organization (WHO), declares as on March 30, 2020, globally 693,282 confirmed cases of coronavirus disease 2019 , which includes 33,106 deceased (https://www.who.int/docs/ default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports /20200330-sitrep-70covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=7e0fe3f8_4; Coronavirus Outbreak, 2020a,b) . To reduce the spread of the virus, the Government of India issued the various guidelines include hand hygiene practices, wearing masks, avoiding public gathering, social distancing and quarantines etc. These initiatives are highly informative to the Faculty members and the students to enhance their knowledge either in their fundamentals course (or) in advanced course (or) in preparing for a competitive examination (or) in a specific field of his / her interest. The faculty member can schedule an online class and ask all the students to present. In this situation, as per the direction of Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), India, the faculty member should engage the students academically through online for the benefit of their career. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32289726/ doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102091 id: cord-023792-lrgj8gxd author: RENDA, Andrea title: Towards Stronger EU Governance of Health Threats after the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-09 words: 4193.0 sentences: 207.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-023792-lrgj8gxd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-023792-lrgj8gxd.txt summary: The threat of such a pandemic was to be expected, yet it was ignored, despite repeated warnings by experts, 12 the press 13 and expert groups such as the 2016 Report of the "High-level Panel on the Global Response to Health Crises", which warned about the need to address existing gaps and "enhance global capacity to rapidly detect and respond to health crises"; 14 as well as the 2019 Global Preparedness Monitoring Board (an independent monitoring and accountability body be/professioneel/nieuws-professioneel/ethical-principles-concerning-proportionality-of-critical-care-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-advice-by-the-belgian-society-of-ic-medicine>. A dedicated agencythe European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)was set up in an attempt to strengthen Europe''s response capability and to provide technical support to Member States. With such a support network, the European Commission could create an executive structure that would coordinate emergency responses by identifying the most effective sequence of measures and enable possible redistribution of materials and resources across Member States to ensure the resilience of the whole Union. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7174850/ doi: 10.1017/err.2020.34 id: cord-024088-020rgz5t author: Radandt, Siegfried title: Governance of Occupational Safety and Health and Environmental Risks date: 2008 words: 39337.0 sentences: 2132.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-024088-020rgz5t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-024088-020rgz5t.txt summary: Depending on the type of hazard, the three topics, namely, safety, health and the environment, may share the common trait that the proper handling of risks, i.e., how to reduce probabilities and/or consequences of unwanted events is not always possible within a risk management system. A number of new occupational health and safety hazards have already arisen or are foreseen, including problems with the ergonomics of video display units, and musculoskeletal disorders in shoulder-neck and arm-hand systems, information overload, psychological stress, and pressure to learn new skills. Both managers and workers often do not see the need to improve occupational safety and health or ergonomic issues and their possibilities and benefits by reducing or eliminating risks at work. The explanations below present the basic procedure for developing safety-relevant arrangements and solutions, i.e. the thinking and decision-making processes, as well as selecting criteria that are significant for the identification of unwelcome events, the risk of an event, the acceptance limits and the adoption of measures. abstract: Occupational safety and health (OSH) activities were started in the industrialized countries already 150 years ago. Separated and specific actions were directed at accident prevention, and the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of occupational diseases. As industrialization has advanced, the complexity of safety and health problems and challenges has substantially grown, calling for more comprehensive approaches. Such development has expanded the scope, as well as blurred the borders between specific activities. In the modern world of work, occupational safety and health are part of a complex system that involves innumerable interdependencies and interactions. These are, for instance, safety, health, well-being, aspects of the occupational and general environment, corporate policies and social responsibility, community policies and services, community social environment, workers’ families, their civil life, lifestyles and social networks, cultural and religious environments, and political and media environments. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7187950/ doi: 10.1007/978-1-4020-8289-4_4 id: cord-318004-r08k40ob author: Raina MacIntyre, C. title: Converging and emerging threats to health security date: 2017-11-27 words: 6376.0 sentences: 294.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318004-r08k40ob.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318004-r08k40ob.txt summary: At a time when genetic engineering and synthetic biology contribute to increased risk of biological attacks, there is a need for new tools and risk analysis methods to rapidly identify unnatural epidemics. Multi-resistant organisms are emerging at much higher rates than seen previously, with urgent attention needed to mitigate a risk which is predicted in one report to be the greatest global burden of disease (Review on Antimicrobial Resistance 2016). This risk is heightened for megacities in developing countries in which serious gaps exist in public health surveillance for early detection of epidemic threats, together with inadequate critical infrastructure and other preparedness resources. 2014) , and using knowledge of prior bioterrorism attacks and natural disease outbreaks allow for a realistic proactive prediction of future threats before they are detected by the public health system. These examples illustrate the convergence of cybersecurity and health security and the need for more integrated approaches to prevention and mitigation of emerging risks in health care. abstract: Advances in biological sciences have outpaced regulatory and legal frameworks for biosecurity. Simultaneously, there has been a convergence of scientific disciplines such as synthetic biology, data science, advanced computing and many other technologies, which all have applications in health. For example, advances in cybercrime methods have created ransomware attacks on hospitals, which can cripple health systems and threaten human life. New kinds of biological weapons which fall outside of traditional Cold War era thinking can be created synthetically using genetic code. These convergent trajectories are dramatically expanding the repertoire of methods which can be used for benefit or harm. We describe a new risk landscape for which there are few precedents, and where regulation and mitigation are a challenge. Rapidly evolving patterns of technology convergence and proliferation of dual-use risks expose inadequate societal preparedness. We outline examples in the areas of biological weapons, antimicrobial resistance, laboratory security and cybersecurity in health care. New challenges in health security such as precision harm in medicine can no longer be addressed within the isolated vertical silo of health, but require cross-disciplinary solutions from other fields. Nor can they cannot be managed effectively by individual countries. We outline the case for new cross-disciplinary approaches in risk analysis to an altered risk landscape. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10669-017-9667-0 doi: 10.1007/s10669-017-9667-0 id: cord-345008-3mjimzdt author: Raj, Anita title: Time from COVID-19 shutdown, gender-based violence exposure, and mental health outcomes among a state representative sample of California residents date: 2020-08-24 words: 4531.0 sentences: 202.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345008-3mjimzdt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345008-3mjimzdt.txt summary: Our primary hypothesis of this study is that time À since shutdown and under the pandemic À will be associated with increased odds of reporting greater severity in depression and/or anxiety symptoms in the past two weeks, at a population level. This study examines both time under shutdown/pandemic and exposure to partner and sexual violence ever as risk factors for severity in depression and/or anxiety symptoms in the past two weeks, with a state representative sample in California. Findings from this study demonstrate that approximately one in five people in this representative sample of California adults recruited during the first two weeks of pandemic shutdown report moderate to severe symptoms of depression and/or anxiety in the past two weeks, a higher prevalence than that seen in prior research with both general and patient populations under non-COVID-19 conditions [9, 14, 15] . abstract: BACKGROUND: There is increasing evidence of the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and resultant shutdowns on mental health. This issue may be of particular concern to those affected by intimate partner violence (IPV) and sexual violence. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using data from a California state-representative online survey conducted in the two weeks following the state stay-at-home order, enacted March 19, 2020 (unweighted N = 2081). We conducted a series of multivariate multinomial logistic regressions to assess the associations between a) time since stay-at-home order and b) partner and sexual violence exposure ever with our outcomes of interest: depression and/or anxiety symptoms in the past two weeks. Covariates included demographics and social support. FINDINGS: Nearly one in five (19•7%) respondents reported moderate or severe mental health symptoms in the past two weeks; 15•5% had a history of IPV and 10•1% had a history of sexual violence. In models adjusting for gender, partner and sexual violence history, and other demographics, time was significantly associated with greater mental health symptom severity, as were IPV and sexual violence. When we additionally adjusted for current social support, effects of time were lost and effects related to violence were slightly attenuated. INTERPRETATION: Time under shutdown is associated with higher odds of depression and anxiety symptoms, and may be worse for those with a history of IPV. However, those with greater social support appear to have better capacity to withstand the mental health impacts of the pandemic. Social support programs, inclusive of those available virtually, may offer an important opportunity to help address increased mental health concerns we are seeing under the pandemic. FUNDING: Blue Shield Foundation of California Grant RP-1907–137. Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation OPP1179208. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589537020302649 doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100520 id: cord-331401-bhl729up author: Rantsios, A.T. title: Zoonoses date: 2015-09-22 words: 3338.0 sentences: 184.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331401-bhl729up.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331401-bhl729up.txt summary: Risk Table 3 The most important zoonoses in terms of human health impact, livestock impact, amenability to agricultural interventions, severity of disease, and emergence Data from the WHO and authoritative literature: when there are several authoritative estimates, the midpoint is given. -Responsible services to systematically search for potential sources of human infection from animal sources and the environment -Joint efforts and coordination among public health authorities and related professionals, both public and private -Risk communication and information sharing among responsible health services and close coordination to manage risks related to the movement and trade of livestock -Concerted actions for ○ good practices in the efficient implementation of biosecurity measures in farms and at border or territory crossings; ○ continuously reminding and training people, who work with livestock and in slaughterhouses, for the significant importance of personal hygiene practices; ○ the implementation of the One Health concept Zoonotic diseases are strongly influenced by social and economic practices. abstract: Zoonoses are “those diseases and infections which are naturally transmitted between vertebrate animals and man.” Relevant lists of zoonotic diseases are presented. Factors, including environmental aspects that may influence the manifestation of zoonoses and their significance for public health, are discussed. Foodborne, nonfoodborne, and vector-borne diseases are presented, followed by an article on preventative actions and control measures. Specific reference is made to the ‘One Health’ concept, since, for zoonoses containment, an integrated approach and cooperation between all responsible health professionals, at all levels, is a sine qua non precondition. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123849472007704 doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-384947-2.00770-4 id: cord-020130-g9p5lgmn author: Ratshidi, Lilies title: Categorization of Factors Influencing Community Health Workers from a Socio-Technical Systems Perspective date: 2020-03-10 words: 3921.0 sentences: 162.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-020130-g9p5lgmn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-020130-g9p5lgmn.txt summary: The aim is operationalized by means of the best-fit framework synthesis method to explore the body of knowledge towards presenting a conceptual understanding through a categorization of Factors Influencing Community Health Workers from a Socio-Technical Systems Perspective. The study is grounded in social and technical perspectives as it facilitates the duality of the CHWs'' work and community role, further adopts the technique of the "best-fit" framework synthesis method in the exploration. Some of the solutions to achieve what is postulated in the studies include coordinating the health system and community system to prioritize factors that inhibit or facilitate the understanding of CHWs programs'' compatibility with community structures, cultural values, and perception, socio-economic context and support system [20] . In addition, integrating and adopting interventions supported by technological solutions, and the sustainability of these interventions should be considered when exploring efforts until the desired health outcomes are achieved to gain a better understanding of CHWs programs and their roles in LMICs [17] . abstract: In low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs), community health workers (CHWs) are often seen as a connecting bridge between two dynamic and overlapping systems- the community and formal health systems. Although the importance of CHWs is acknowledged, there is minimal aggregated evidence contributing towards understanding their position, technological capabilities, barriers and facilitators of their effectiveness in the South African context. Despite the widespread enthusiasm around the potential that mobile health (mHealth) technology holds in extending healthcare through CHW to underserved communities, an understanding of mHealth’s various implications in a developing world context is imperative to appreciate both the community and health systems context. The CHWs within this context need to assume multiple roles as they work and live amongst and in the community. The study argues that by examining their multiple roles as part of the healthcare continuum and from within the community setting, appropriating technological solutions can be conceptualized to facilitate and enhance their impact and visibility. This research article then aims to articulate the key conceptual factors which should be considered when implementing technological solutions for CHWs within the South African context. The aim is operationalized by means of the best-fit framework synthesis method to explore the body of knowledge towards presenting a conceptual understanding through a categorization of Factors Influencing Community Health Workers from a Socio-Technical Systems Perspective. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7134222/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-45002-1_8 id: cord-338487-jcueu1xh author: Rauch, Sheila A.M. title: Rising Tide: Responding to the Mental Health Impact of the COVID‐19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-18 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Now freely downloadable on the Anxiety and Depression Association of America website (https://adaa.org/sites/default/files/PhasedApproachtoCovid‐19.ver1.1%20(002).pdf) is a framework for COVID‐19 mental health response (see Table 1). This framework of phased interventions and resources is intended to assist health systems and programs impacted by the pandemic to plan for how to address current mental health issues arising as well as to prepare and plan for the continued needs of their communities, patients, and staff. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32421214/ doi: 10.1002/da.23058 id: cord-261957-18uhpkhr author: Ray, Kristin N title: Rapid-cycle community assessment of health-related social needs of children and families during COVID-19 date: 2020-10-14 words: 3188.0 sentences: 144.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261957-18uhpkhr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261957-18uhpkhr.txt summary: In this report, we summarize health-related social needs and resource use during the first ten weeks of this ongoing survey as an example of how research infrastructure can support public health and social service response during public health emergency by identifying the evolving consequences of disrupted public infrastructure on children and families 14 Through rapid-cycle data collection and analysis, we provided weekly reports of population-level health-related social needs with community partners spanning social services, public health, medical providers, and community organizations to inform local COVID-19 pandemic response. Despite these limitations, this initiative has provided public health, social service, health system, and community organizations with timely data to inform ongoing response to the physical, mental, educational, and social challenges COVID-19 and stay-at-home orders presented to children and families. abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify unmet health and social resource needs during a county-wide COVID-19 stay-at-home order and phased re-opening in Western Pennsylvania. METHODS: With public health, social service, and community partners connected through an ongoing academic-community collaborative, we developed and fielded a weekly repeated cross-sectional electronic survey assessing usage of and unmet need for health and social service resources. Using ten weeks of surveys (April 3-June 11, 2020) by Allegheny County residents, we examined variation in responses by week and by sociodemographic characteristics using chi-square tests. We shared written reports weekly and discussed emerging trends with community partners. RESULTS: Participants ranged from 229-1,001 per week. Unmet need for at least one health or health-related social need resource varied by week, ranging from 55% (95% confidence interval (CI) 50-59%) of participants in week 2 to 43% (95% CI 37-49%) of participants in week 9 (p=0.006). Increased use of at least one resource ranged from 53% (95% CI 47-58%) of participants in week 3 to 36% (95% CI 31-42%) in week 9 (p<0.001). Unmet need for food and financial assistance peaked early during the stay-at-home order, while unmet need for mental health care rose later. Unmet need for food assistance varied significantly by race and ethnicity and by household pre-pandemic income. CONCLUSIONS: Over half of families with children reported unmet health or social service needs during the first month of a county-wide COVID-19 stay-at-home order. Unmet needs varied with race, ethnicity, and income and with duration of the stay-at-home order. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33065291/ doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2020.10.004 id: cord-004973-yqcc54iv author: Reitmanova, Sylvia title: “Disease-Breeders” Among Us: Deconstructing Race and Ethnicity as Risk Factors of Immigrant Ill Health date: 2009-07-11 words: 3425.0 sentences: 202.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-004973-yqcc54iv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-004973-yqcc54iv.txt summary: This work deconstructs the notion of race and ethnicity as risk factors for immigrant ill health, which is prevalent in current medical research and practice, by tracing its roots in Canadian history. Therefore, in this work I would like to deconstruct the notion of race and ethnicity as risk factors for ill health and, as well, elaborate on the relevance of these epidemiological categories to medicine and society. 30 Recent research provides sound evidence that negative health discourses about immigrants are readily present in the Western world even today, 31, 32, 33, 34 whether they concern the Ebola virus of black Africans, 35 the SARS of the Chinese, 36 or the overreproduction of Latinas, 37 which all threaten in different ways the highly regarded and healthy bodies of white Canadians, Britons, or Americans respectively. abstract: Race and ethnicity are well-established epidemiological categories that relate to the patients’ risk of exposure and their susceptibility/resistance to disease. However, this association creates the notion that factors other than a personal identity need not be held responsible for patients’ health problems. This work deconstructs the notion of race and ethnicity as risk factors for immigrant ill health, which is prevalent in current medical research and practice, by tracing its roots in Canadian history. The understanding that medical knowledge is subject to diverse historical, social, cultural and political influences can change the way health professionals perceive their patients as a health threat. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7087843/ doi: 10.1007/s10912-009-9084-6 id: cord-020151-utztcf1l author: Renner-Micah, Anthony title: Institutional Effects on National Health Insurance Digital Platform Development and Use: The Case of Ghana date: 2020-03-10 words: 4559.0 sentences: 228.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-020151-utztcf1l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-020151-utztcf1l.txt summary: The study employs qualitative, interpretive case study as methodology and institutional theory as analytical lens to investigate regulative, normative, and cultural-cognitive institutional effects on digital platform development and use for national health insurance in Ghana. Following this research gap, the research question for this study concerns how regulative, normative and cultural-cognitive institutions affect digital platform development and use for national health insurance in a developing country. To address the research question, the study employs institutional theory [9] as analytical lens and qualitative, interpretive case study [10] as methodology to gain insight into digital platform development and use for national health insurance system in Ghana, as a developing country. Under this approach, concepts from institutional theory were used as sensitising devices to identify regulative, normative and cultural-cognitive institutions as enablers and constraints of the development and use of national health insurance digital platform. abstract: The purpose of this study is to understand institutional effects on digital platform development and use for national health insurance in a developing country. Information systems research on digital platforms for the health sector has focused more on healthcare. Less research exists on health insurance. This study, therefore, addresses the research gap by focusing on digital platform for national health insurance service in a developing country. The study employs qualitative, interpretive case study as methodology and institutional theory as analytical lens to investigate regulative, normative, and cultural-cognitive institutional effects on digital platform development and use for national health insurance in Ghana. The findings show the institutional enablers as: (1) health-seeking culture; (2) mobile network penetration and use; and (3) appropriate laws and regulations. Conversely, the constraints are (1) Unstructured supplementary service data (USSD) functionality; and (2) extended family system. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7134254/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-45002-1_3 id: cord-333467-de2aimuj author: Revere, Debra title: Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Communications with Health Care Providers: A Literature Review date: 2011-05-18 words: 3987.0 sentences: 194.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333467-de2aimuj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333467-de2aimuj.txt summary: We conducted a literature review to investigate the systems and tools used by public health to generate PHEPR communications to HCPs, and to identify specific characteristics of message delivery mechanisms and formats that may be associated with effective PHEPR communications. We conducted a systematic literature review to investigate the systems and tools used by public health to generate PHEPR communications to HCPs, and to identify specific characteristics of message delivery mechanisms and formats that may be associated with effective PHEPR communications. Overall, the final 31 articles contained information on the purpose of the system or tool (100%), location of the system (100%), public health organization or agency involved (100%), targeted HCP population (100%), and method(s) used by public health to communicate PHEPR messages to HCPs (100%). After conducting a systematic search, we identified 25 systems or tools currently being used to communicate PHEPR messages from public health to HCPs. Of the 9 systems that reported an evaluation, only 2 provided sufficient detail of methodology used. abstract: BACKGROUND: Health care providers (HCPs) play an important role in public health emergency preparedness and response (PHEPR) so need to be aware of public health threats and emergencies. To inform HCPs, public health issues PHEPR messages that provide guidelines and updates, and facilitate surveillance so HCPs will recognize and control communicable diseases, prevent excess deaths and mitigate suffering. Public health agencies need to know that the PHEPR messages sent to HCPs reach their target audience and are effective and informative. Public health agencies need to know that the PHEPR messages sent to HCPs reach their target audience and are effective and informative. We conducted a literature review to investigate the systems and tools used by public health to generate PHEPR communications to HCPs, and to identify specific characteristics of message delivery mechanisms and formats that may be associated with effective PHEPR communications. METHODS: A systematic review of peer- and non-peer-reviewed literature focused on the following questions: 1) What public health systems exist for communicating PHEPR messages from public health agencies to HCPs? 2) Have these systems been evaluated and, if yes, what criteria were used to evaluate these systems? 3) What have these evaluations discovered about characterizations of the most effective ways for public health agencies to communicate PHEPR messages to HCPs? RESULTS: We identified 25 systems or tools for communicating PHEPR messages from public health agencies to HCPs. Few articles assessed PHEPR communication systems or messaging methods or outcomes. Only one study compared the effectiveness of the delivery format, device or message itself. We also discovered that the potential is high for HCPs to experience "message overload" given redundancy of PHEPR messaging in multiple formats and/or through different delivery systems. CONCLUSIONS: We found that detailed descriptions of PHEPR messaging from public health to HCPs are scarce in the literature and, even when available are rarely evaluated in any systematic fashion. To meet present-day and future information needs for emergency preparedness, more attention needs to be given to evaluating the effectiveness of these systems in a scientifically rigorous manner. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21592390/ doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-337 id: cord-004041-2b2h1xog author: Rezaei, Fatemeh title: Preparedness of community-based organisations in biohazard: reliability and validity of an assessment tool date: 2019-06-27 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The purpose of this study was to develop a tool for community-based health organisations (CBHOs) to evaluate the preparedness in biohazards concerning epidemics or bioterrorism. We searched concepts on partnerships of CBHOs with health systems in guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and literature. Then, we validated the researcher-made tool by face validity, content validity, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and criterion validity. Data were collected by sending the tool to 620 CBHOs serving under supervision of Iran’s ministry of health. Opinions of health professionals and stakeholders in CBHOs were used to assess face and content validity. Factor loads in EFA were based on three-factor structure that verified by CFA. We used SPSS V.18 and Mplus7 software for statistical analysis. About 105 health-based CBHOs participated. After conducting face validity and calculating content validity ratio and content validity index, we reached 54 items in the field of planning, training and infrastructure. We conducted construct validity using 105 CBHOs. Three items exchanged between the fields according to factor loads in EFA, and CFA verified the model fit as Comparative Fit Index, Tucker-Lewis index and root mean square error of approximation were 0.921, 0918 and 0.052, respectively. The Cronbach’s of the whole tool was 0.944. Spearman correlation coefficient confirmed criterion validity as coefficient was 0.736. Planning, training and infrastructure fields are the most important aspects of preparedness in health-based CBHOs. Applying the new assessment tool in future studies will show the weaknesses and capabilities of health-based CBHOs in biohazard and clear necessary intervention actions for health authorities. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6910748/ doi: 10.1136/fmch-2019-000124 id: cord-035012-9r8hlwyd author: Rhyan, Corwin title: Tracking the U.S. health sector: the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-11-09 words: 5898.0 sentences: 240.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-035012-9r8hlwyd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-035012-9r8hlwyd.txt summary: While traditional federal government data such as the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) employment and price data, and Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) GDP and National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) data, do include a health care component, health economists and policymakers most frequently cite and follow the data from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services'' (CMS) annual National Health Expenditure Accounts (NHEA; available at https :// www.cms.gov/Resea rch-Stati stics -Data-and-Syste ms/Stati stics -Trend s-and-Repor ts/Natio nalHe althE xpend Data). To fill the need for more timely tracking of the health economy, we developed (with the assistance of other current and former Altarum experts) the publicly available Health Sector Economic Indicators SM (HSEI; available at https ://altar um.org/solut ion/healt h-secto r-spend ing), a set of metrics and associated data briefs that provide preliminary health spending estimates on a monthly basis, while benchmarking to the CMS NHEA health categories and historical estimates. abstract: Health spending has grown faster than the U.S. economy for decades and currently represents approximately 18% of gross domestic product. As with other sectors of the economy, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on this growth of the health sector and the labor force that supports it. This paper examines that impact, describing how health care spending, employment, and prices have evolved since the start of the pandemic, using data from the authors’ Health Sector Economic Indicators (HSEI) series. After unprecedented drops in March and April of 2020, both spending and employment have gradually recovered but, by the end of the summer, remained below their pre-COVID levels. Prices, on the other hand, have continued to rise. The paper compares these patterns with those observed in earlier recessions and describes some likely reasons for them. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7649570/ doi: 10.1057/s11369-020-00195-z id: cord-290768-w8g9s4ro author: Ribeiro, Nadine title: Primary health care policy and vision for community pharmacy and pharmacists in Portugal date: 2020-07-17 words: 4410.0 sentences: 246.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290768-w8g9s4ro.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290768-w8g9s4ro.txt summary: Primary care pharmacists, who as employees of the P-NHS work closely with an interdisciplinary team, have launched a pilot service to manage polypharmacy in people living with multimorbidities, involving potential referral to community pharmacy. The scope of practice of community pharmacies has been shifting to service provision, currently supported by law and in some cases, including the needle and syringe exchange program and generic substitution, remunerated. 25 The plan of activities of ANF for 2020 identifies as key intervention areas for investment: the development of new services that meet the healthneeds of the Portuguese population; perusal of the pilot to dispense HIV medication in community pharmacies and investment in developing methodologies for extending to oncology; supporting pharmacies in the implementation of point of care services for HIV and viral hepatitis; implementation of a service to respond to minor health problems, including physician referral when appropriate; promote remuneration of pharmaceutical intervention; developing clinical pathways integrated into a clinical support system for pharmacies. Primary health care policy and vision for community pharmacy and pharmacists in Portugal Primary health care policy and vision for community pharmacy and pharmacists in Portugal abstract: The central role of the Portuguese National Health Service (P-NHS) guarantees virtually free universal coverage. Key policy papers, such as the National Health Plan and the National Plan for Patient Safety have implications for pharmacists, including an engagement in medicines reconciliation. These primary health care reform, while not explicitly contemplating a role for pharmacists, offer opportunities for the involvement of primary care pharmacists in medicines management. Primary care pharmacists, who as employees of the P-NHS work closely with an interdisciplinary team, have launched a pilot service to manage polypharmacy in people living with multimorbidities, involving potential referral to community pharmacy. Full integration of community pharmacy into primary health care is challenging due to their nature as private providers, which implies the need for the recognition that public and private health sectors are mutually complementary and may maximize universal health coverage. The scope of practice of community pharmacies has been shifting to service provision, currently supported by law and in some cases, including the needle and syringe exchange program and generic substitution, remunerated. Key changes envisaged for the future of pharmacists and their integration in primary care comprise the development and establishment of clinical pharmacy as a specialization area, peer clinician recognition and better integration in primary care teams, including full access to clinical records. These key changes would enable pharmacists to apply their competence in medicines optimization for improved patient outcomes. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32774530/ doi: 10.18549/pharmpract.2020.3.2043 id: cord-035290-ungilw9s author: Rice, Louis title: After Covid-19: urban design as spatial medicine date: 2020-11-11 words: 2898.0 sentences: 170.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-035290-ungilw9s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-035290-ungilw9s.txt summary: The entire world is facing the same acute health emergency of Covid-19 which is already impacting half of the global population, and as the majority of the world now inhabits urban settings, urban dwellers are the most affected. After Covid-19, urban design ought to become a form of spatial medicine, whereby the design of built environments positively contributes and facilitates human and planetary health and wellbeing. During the Covid-19 lockdown, there are changes to the determinants of health, the diverse range of environmental, economic and social factors that impact on human wellbeing, compared to the pre-Covid period. The Covid-19 event is perhaps an appropriate juncture for ''health'' to be considered as a new tenet for the urban design profession? The post-Covid-19 practice of urban design may be described as a form of ''spatial medicine'' (Fig. 1) . Temporal dimension These sub-categories comprise the wide range of issues that impact on humans, the natural world and planetary health. abstract: This article draws out key implications for urban designers from the Covid-19 pandemic, particularly the relation between urban design and health. The entire world is facing the same acute health emergency of Covid-19 which is already impacting half of the global population, and as the majority of the world now inhabits urban settings, urban dwellers are the most affected. Urban Design already plays an important role in determining the health of urban populations but this relationship is often unclear, undervalued or ignored. The field of medicine is expanding to include all professionals who have an impact on the health of others, and this expanded field includes the urban design profession. After Covid-19, urban design ought to become a form of spatial medicine, whereby the design of built environments positively contributes and facilitates human and planetary health and wellbeing. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7656894/ doi: 10.1057/s41289-020-00142-6 id: cord-318475-ixol8k2k author: Richards, Edward P. title: Making State Public Health Laws Work for SARS Outbreaks date: 2004-02-17 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15043009/ doi: 10.3201/eid1002.030836 id: cord-261907-y60yra4r author: Richardson, E. T. title: Reparations for Black American Descendants of Persons Enslaved in the U.S. and Their Estimated Impact on SARS-CoV-2 Transmission date: 2020-06-05 words: 3111.0 sentences: 197.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261907-y60yra4r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261907-y60yra4r.txt summary: 22 While R0 provides theoretical information about an epidemic, practical control ultimately depends on the expected infections generated later in the outbreak prompting epidemiologists to utilize the effective reproduction number Rt (i.e., the average number of secondary cases generated by an infectious individual at time t), which obviates the assumption of a fully susceptible population and allows for the temporal dynamics to be followed in the setting of various interventions. Our next-generation matrix analysis shows that, in a segregated society like the U.S. where SARS-CoV-2 transmission rates are disproportionate across racial groups, small changes in the ratio between bb®b and bw®w can result in large changes in the reproductive ratio for the population (Figure 3a) , due mainly to 1) the effects of high assortative mixing structured by racism on the value of cb®b; and 2) the fact that the expected number of secondary infections generated within high-risk subgroups (i.e., the value gb®b in the next generation matrix-in this case driven by high relative values of cb®b) comes to dominate R0 for a population. abstract: Background In the United States, Black Americans are suffering from significantly disproportionate incidence and mortality rates of COVID-19. The potential for racial-justice interventions, including reparations payments, to ameliorate these disparities has not been adequately explored. Methods We compared the COVID-19 time-varying Rt curves of relatively disparate polities in terms of social equity (South Korea vs. Louisiana). Next, we considered a range of reproductive ratios to back-calculate the transmission rates {beta}i[->]j for 4 cells of the simplified next-generation matrix (from which R0 is calculated for structured models) for the outbreak in Louisiana. Lastly, we modeled the effect that monetary payments as reparations for Black American descendants of persons enslaved in the U.S. would have had on pre-intervention {beta}i[->]j. Results Once their respective epidemics begin to propagate, Louisiana displays Rt values with an absolute difference of 1.3 to 2.5 compared to South Korea. It also takes Louisiana more than twice as long to bring Rt below 1. We estimate that increased equity in transmission consistent with the benefits of a successful reparations program (reflected in the ratio {beta}b[->]b / {beta}w[->]w) could reduce R0 by 31 to 68%. Discussion While there are compelling moral and historical arguments for racial injustice interventions such as reparations, our study describes potential health benefits in the form of reduced SARS-CoV-2 transmission risk. As we demonstrate, a restitutive program targeted towards Black individuals would not only decrease COVID-19 risk for recipients of the wealth redistribution; the mitigating effects would be distributed across racial groups, benefitting the population at large. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.04.20112011 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.04.20112011 id: cord-335720-pfo5oup7 author: Riley, William T title: National Institutes of Health social and behavioral research in response to the SARS-CoV2 Pandemic date: 2020-07-27 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has been mitigated primarily using social and behavioral intervention strategies, and these strategies have social and economic impacts, as well as potential downstream health impacts that require further study. Digital and community-based interventions are being increasingly relied upon to address these health impacts and bridge the gap in health care access despite insufficient research of these interventions as a replacement for, not an adjunct to, in-person clinical care. As SARS-CoV-2 testing expands, research on encouraging uptake and appropriate interpretation of these test results is needed. All of these issues are disproportionately impacting underserved, vulnerable, and health disparities populations. This commentary describes the various initiatives of the National Institutes of Health to address these social, behavioral, economic, and health disparities impacts of the pandemic, the findings from which can improve our response to the current pandemic and prepare us better for future infectious disease outbreaks. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/tbm/ibaa075 doi: 10.1093/tbm/ibaa075 id: cord-271249-f634kpug author: Ripp, Jonathan title: Attending to the Emotional Well-Being of the Health Care Workforce in a New York City Health System During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-21 words: 2561.0 sentences: 105.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271249-f634kpug.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271249-f634kpug.txt summary: In this Invited Commentary, the authors describe how an MSHS Employee, Faculty, and Trainee Crisis Support Task Force-created in early March 2020 and composed of behavioral health, human resources, and wellbeing leaders from across the health system-used a rapid needs assessment model to capture the concerns of the workforce related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The task force identified 3 priority areas central to promoting and maintaining the well-being of the entire MSHS workforce during the pandemic: meeting basic daily needs; enhancing communications for delivery of current, reliable, and reassuring messages; and developing robust psychosocial and mental health support options. The task force identified 3 priority areas central to promoting and maintaining the well-being of the entire MSHS workforce during the pandemic: meeting basic daily needs; enhancing communications for delivery of current, reliable, and reassuring messages; and developing robust psychosocial and mental health support options. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has placed an enormous strain on health care workers, and its potential impact has implications for the physical and emotional well-being of the work force. As hospital systems run far over capacity, facing possible shortages of critical care medical resources and personal protective equipment as well as clinician deaths, the psychological stressors necessitate a strong well-being support model for staff. At the Mount Sinai Health System (MSHS) in New York City, health care workers have been heroically providing frontline care to COVID-19 patients while facing their own appropriate fears for their personal safety in the setting of contagion. This moral obligation cannot be burdened by unacceptable risks; the health system’s full support is required to address the needs of its workforce. In this Invited Commentary, the authors describe how an MSHS Employee, Faculty, and Trainee Crisis Support Task Force—created in early March 2020 and composed of behavioral health, human resources, and well-being leaders from across the health system—used a rapid needs assessment model to capture the concerns of the workforce related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The task force identified 3 priority areas central to promoting and maintaining the well-being of the entire MSHS workforce during the pandemic: meeting basic daily needs; enhancing communications for delivery of current, reliable, and reassuring messages; and developing robust psychosocial and mental health support options. Using a work group strategy, the task force operationalized the rollout of support initiatives for each priority area. Attending to the emotional well-being of health care workers has emerged as a central element in the MSHS COVID-19 response, which continues to be committed to the physical and emotional needs of a workforce that courageously faces this crisis. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32282344/ doi: 10.1097/acm.0000000000003414 id: cord-004957-erigjz4g author: Robertson, Colin title: Towards a geocomputational landscape epidemiology: surveillance, modelling, and interventions date: 2015-11-30 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The ability to explicitly represent infectious disease distributions and their risk factors over massive geographical and temporal scales has transformed how we investigate how environment impacts health. While landscape epidemiology studies have shed light on many aspects of disease distribution and risk differentials across geographies, new computational methods combined with new data sources such as citizen sensors, global spatial datasets, sensor networks, and growing availability and variety of satellite imagery offer opportunities for a more integrated approach to understanding these relationships. Additionally, a large number of new modelling and mapping methods have been developed in recent years to support the adoption of these new tools. The complexity of this research context results in study-dependent solutions and prevents landscape approaches from deeper integration into operational models and tools. In this paper we consider three common research contexts for spatial epidemiology; surveillance, modelling to estimate a spatial risk distribution and the need for intervention, and evaluating interventions and improving healthcare. A framework is proposed and a categorization of existing methods is presented. A case study into leptospirosis in Sri Lanka provides a working example of how the different phases of the framework relate to real research problems. The new framework for geocomputational landscape epidemiology encompasses four key phases: characterizing assemblages, characterizing functions, mapping interdependencies, and examining outcomes. Results from Sri Lanka provide evidence that the framework provides a useful way to structure and interpret analyses. The framework reported here is a new way to structure existing methods and tools of geocomputation that are increasingly relevant to researchers working on spatially explicit disease-landscape studies. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7087791/ doi: 10.1007/s10708-015-9688-5 id: cord-017620-p65lijyu author: Rodriguez-Proteau, Rosita title: Toxicity Evaluation and Human Health Risk Assessment of Surface and Ground Water Contaminated by Recycled Hazardous Waste Materials date: 2005-07-07 words: 17229.0 sentences: 837.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-017620-p65lijyu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-017620-p65lijyu.txt summary: title: Toxicity Evaluation and Human Health Risk Assessment of Surface and Ground Water Contaminated by Recycled Hazardous Waste Materials Presently, numerous federal agencies provide guidance on methods and approaches used to evaluate potential health effects and assess risks from contaminated source media, i.e., soil, air, and water. The systematic scientific approach of evaluating potential adverse health effects resulting from human exposure to hazardous agents or situations occur by the following steps: i) hazard identification; ii) dose-response (quantitative) assessment; iii) exposure assessment; iv) risk characterization [ 4] . If information concerning COPCs is not present in the drinking water and/or state and tribal water standards databases, or additional exposure pathways need to be included during the site assessment, then media-specific comparison values are available from the Soil Screening Guidance [16] , several USEPA regional offices, and individual state governments (Table 6 ). abstract: Prior to the 1970s, principles involving the fate and transport of hazardous chemicals from either hazardous waste spills or landfills into ground water and/or surface water were not fully understood. In addition, national guidance on proper waste disposal techniques was not well developed. As a result, there were many instances where hazardous waste was not disposed of properly, such as the Love Canal environmental pollution incident. This incident led to the passage of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) of 1976. This act gave the United States Environmental Protection Agency regulatory control of all stages of the hazardous waste management cycle. Presently, numerous federal agencies provide guidance on methods and approaches used to evaluate potential health effects and assess risks from contaminated source media, i.e., soil, air, and water. These agencies also establish standards of exposure or health benchmark values in the different media, which are not expected to produce environmental or human health impacts. The risk assessment methodology is used by various regulatory agencies using the following steps: i) hazard identification; ii) dose-response (quantitative) assessment; iii) exposure assessment; iv) risk characterization. The overall objectives of risk assessment are to balance risks and benefits; to set target levels; to set priorities for program activities at regulatory agencies, industrial or commercial facilities, or environmental and consumer organizations; and to estimate residual risks and extent of risk reduction. The chapter will provide information on the concepts used in estimating risk and hazard due to exposure to ground and surface waters contaminated from the recycling of hazardous waste and/or hazardous waste materials for each of the steps in the risk assessment process. Moreover, this chapter will provide examples of contaminated water exposure pathway calculations as well as provide information on current guidelines, databases, and resources such as current drinking water standards, health advisories, and ambient water quality criteria. Finally, specific examples of contaminants released from recycled hazardous waste materials and case studies evaluating the human health effects due to contamination of ground and surface waters from recycled hazardous waste materials will be provided and discussed. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7122228/ doi: 10.1007/b11434 id: cord-024673-cl8gydrj author: Rosen, Lawrence D. title: Whole Health Learning: The Revolutionary Child of Integrative Health and Education date: 2020-05-12 words: 1927.0 sentences: 116.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-024673-cl8gydrj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-024673-cl8gydrj.txt summary: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), potentially traumatic events disproportionately affecting our most vulnerable children, greatly increase risk for poor physical and emotional health outcomes in adults. Reducing academic and attendance challenges contributes to greater academic success, attenuates the impact of adverse experiences into adulthood, and improves health outcomes across the lifespan.(16) Educational policy has become increasingly reflective of the need to consider the overall wellbeing of the child -physically, socially, and emotionally -with a focus upon systems and programs that support that holistic scope. Access to an integrated, comprehensive, and customizable SEL-based wellness studies program, designed to mitigate ACEs and improve long term health via self-care competency, would greatly benefit students, educators, families, and communities. Notable is a priority -to teach children in preschool and grades K-12 social and emotional skills, including mindful awareness practices.‖ This expressed support of whole health learning programs within schools as effective means to ameliorate the impact of ACEs on education and health is welcome. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7214304/ doi: 10.1016/j.explore.2020.05.003 id: cord-330180-lvn4hqk5 author: Rosenkötter, Nicole title: Twentieth anniversary of the European Union health mandate: taking stock of perceived achievements, failures and missed opportunities – a qualitative study date: 2013-11-14 words: 9164.0 sentences: 456.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330180-lvn4hqk5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330180-lvn4hqk5.txt summary: In this paper, we aim to explore and provide an overview of influential public health relevant EU-level policy outputs and a summary of policy outputs or actions perceived as an achievement, a failure or a missed opportunity by interviewing key experts in the field. The study was carried out in two consecutive phases: (1) qualitative interviews, suitable to identify expert perceptions, and (2) voting on influential and public health relevant EU policy outputs and actions based on nominal group technique. The third rank is shared by three policy outputs: the "Framework for action in the field of public health" [43] (n = 5) which is the Commission''s first proposal setting out EU-level public health after the introduction of the health mandate in the Maastricht Treaty, the Council conclusions "Towards modern, responsive and sustainable health systems" [44] (n = 5), and the current over-arching European strategy "Europe 2020" [45] (n = 5). abstract: BACKGROUND: The European Union (EU) health mandate was initially defined in the Maastricht Treaty in 1992. The twentieth anniversary of the Treaty offers a unique opportunity to take stock of EU health actions by giving an overview of influential public health related EU-level policy outputs and a summary of policy outputs or actions perceived as an achievement, a failure or a missed opportunity. METHODS: Semi-structured expert interviews (N = 20) were conducted focusing on EU-level actions that were relevant for health. Respondents were asked to name EU policies or actions that they perceived as an achievement, a failure or a missed opportunity. A directed content analysis approach was used to identify expert perceptions on achievements, failures and missed opportunities in the interviews. Additionally, a nominal group technique was applied to identify influential and public health relevant EU-level policy outputs. RESULTS: The ranking of influential policy outputs resulted in top positions of adjudications and legislations, agencies, European Commission (EC) programmes and strategies, official networks, cooperative structures and exchange efforts, the work on health determinants and uptake of scientific knowledge. The assessment of EU health policies as being an achievement, a failure or a missed opportunity was often characterized by diverging respondent views. Recurring topics that emerged were the Directorate General for Health and Consumers (DG SANCO), EU agencies, life style factors, internal market provisions as well as the EU Directive on patients’ rights in cross-border healthcare. Among these recurring topics, expert perceptions on the establishment of DG SANCO, EU public health agencies, and successes in tobacco control were dominated by aspects of achievements. The implementation status of the Health in All Policy approach was perceived as a missed opportunity. CONCLUSIONS: When comparing the emerging themes from the interviews conducted with the responsibilities defined in the EU health mandate, one can identify that these responsibilities were only partly fulfilled or acknowledged by the respondents. In general, the EU is a recognized public health player in Europe which over the past two decades, has begun to develop competencies in supporting, coordinating and supplementing member state health actions. However, the assurance of health protection in other European policies seems to require further development. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-1074 doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-1074 id: cord-306393-iu4dijsl author: Rosenstock, Linda title: Public Health Education in the United States: Then and Now date: 2011-06-12 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: It was against a background of no formal career path for public health officers that, in 1915, the seminal Welch-Rose Report(1) outlined a system of public health education for the United States. The first schools of public health soon followed, but growth was slow, with only 12 schools by 1960. With organization and growing numbers, accreditation became an expectation. As the mission of public health has grown and achieved new urgency, schools have grown in number, depth and breadth. By mid-2011, there were 46 accredited schools of public health, with more in the pipeline. While each has a unique character, they also must possess certain core characteristics to be accredited. Over time, as schools developed, and concepts of public health expanded, so too did curricula and missions as well as types of people who were trained. In this review, we provide a brief summary of US public health education, with primary emphasis on professional public health schools. We also examine public health workforce needs and evaluate how education is evolving in the context of a growing maturity of the public health profession. We have not focused on programs (not schools) that offer public health degrees or on preventive medicine programs in schools of medicine, since schools of public health confer the majority of master’s and doctoral degrees. In the future, there likely will be even more inter-professional education, new disciplinary perspectives and changes in teaching and learning to meet the needs of millennial students. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32226193/ doi: 10.1007/bf03391620 id: cord-347872-naz24vct author: Rostal, Melinda K. title: Wildlife: The Need to Better Understand the Linkages date: 2012-11-02 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Wildlife are frequently a neglected component of One Health; however, the linkages between the health of wildlife and human, domestic animal, and environmental health are clear. The majority of emerging zoonotic diseases are linked to wildlife, primarily driven by anthropogenic land changes. Despite this risk, wildlife have important links to people as environmental indicators, food security and safety, and through human livelihoods. This chapter will describe these linkages and demonstrate the need to understand these linkages through targeted surveillance and understanding the ecology of wildlife diseases. While the management of wildlife diseases presents a significant challenge, such practices will greatly improve the health of people, domestic animals, wildlife and the environment. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23117192/ doi: 10.1007/82_2012_271 id: cord-333868-qrnsmhws author: Rothman, Richard E. title: Respiratory Hygiene in the Emergency Department date: 2006-08-23 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The emergency department (ED) is an essential component of the public health response plan for control of acute respiratory infectious threats. Effective respiratory hygiene in the ED is imperative to limit the spread of dangerous respiratory pathogens, including influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome, avian influenza, and bioterrorism agents, particularly given that these agents may not be immediately identifiable. Sustaining effective respiratory control measures is especially challenging in the ED because of patient crowding, inadequate staffing and resources, and ever-increasing numbers of immunocompromised patients. Threat of contagion exists not only for ED patients but also for visitors, health care workers, and inpatient populations. Potential physical sites for respiratory disease transmission extend from out-of-hospital care, to triage, waiting room, ED treatment area, and the hospital at large. This article presents a summary of the most current information available in the literature about respiratory hygiene in the ED, including administrative, patient, and legal issues. Wherever possible, specific recommendations and references to practical information from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention are provided. The “Administrative Issues” section describes coordination with public health departments, procedures for effective facility planning, and measures for health care worker protection (education, staffing optimization, and vaccination). The patient care section addresses the potentially infected ED patient, including emergency medical services concerns, triage planning, and patient transport. “Legal Issues” discusses the interplay between public safety and patient privacy. Emergency physicians play a critical role in early identification, treatment, and containment of potentially lethal respiratory pathogens. This brief synopsis should help clinicians and administrators understand, develop, and implement appropriate policies and procedures to address respiratory hygiene in the ED. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196064406007037 doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2006.05.018 id: cord-018254-v8syiwie author: Rotz, Lisa D. title: Case Study – United States of America date: 2012-08-31 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The United States (US) considers the intentional use of a biological agent a serious national security threat. Over the last decade, federal, state, and local governments in the US have made concerted efforts to enhance preparedness within the public health, medical, and emergency response systems to address this threat. These activities span a wide range of areas from the enactment of new legal authorities and legislative changes to significant financial investments to enhance multiple detection and response system capabilities and the adoption of a national command and control structure for response. Many of these investments, although prompted by the concern for bioterrorism, have served to strengthen public health, medical, and emergency response systems overall and have proven invaluable in responses to other large-scale emergencies, such as the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7123088/ doi: 10.1007/978-94-007-5273-3_18 id: cord-351454-mc7pifep author: Rowhani-Farid, Anisa title: What incentives increase data sharing in health and medical research? A systematic review date: 2017-05-05 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: The foundation of health and medical research is data. Data sharing facilitates the progress of research and strengthens science. Data sharing in research is widely discussed in the literature; however, there are seemingly no evidence-based incentives that promote data sharing. METHODS: A systematic review (registration: 10.17605/OSF.IO/6PZ5E) of the health and medical research literature was used to uncover any evidence-based incentives, with pre- and post-empirical data that examined data sharing rates. We were also interested in quantifying and classifying the number of opinion pieces on the importance of incentives, the number observational studies that analysed data sharing rates and practices, and strategies aimed at increasing data sharing rates. RESULTS: Only one incentive (using open data badges) has been tested in health and medical research that examined data sharing rates. The number of opinion pieces (n = 85) out-weighed the number of article-testing strategies (n = 76), and the number of observational studies exceeded them both (n = 106). CONCLUSIONS: Given that data is the foundation of evidence-based health and medical research, it is paradoxical that there is only one evidence-based incentive to promote data sharing. More well-designed studies are needed in order to increase the currently low rates of data sharing. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s41073-017-0028-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41073-017-0028-9 doi: 10.1186/s41073-017-0028-9 id: cord-320856-hnakpl2a author: Ruckert, Arne title: Governing antimicrobial resistance: a narrative review of global governance mechanisms date: 2020-09-09 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), a central health challenge of the twenty first century, poses substantial population health risks, with deaths currently estimated to be around 700,000 per year globally. The international community has signaled its commitment to exploring and implementing effective policy responses to AMR, with a Global Action Plan on AMR approved by the World Health Assembly in 2015. Major governance challenges could thwart collective efforts to address AMR, along with limited knowledge about how to design effective global governance mechanisms. To identify common ground for more coordinated global actions we conducted a narrative review to map dominant ideas and academic debates about AMR governance. We found two categories of global governance mechanisms: binding and non-binding and discuss advantages and drawbacks of each. We suggest that a combination of non-binding and binding governance mechanisms supported by leading antimicrobial use countries and important AMR stakeholders, and informed by One Health principles, may be best suited to tackle AMR. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1057/s41271-020-00248-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32908184/ doi: 10.1057/s41271-020-00248-9 id: cord-001757-q41o6nxs author: Ruscio, Bruce A. title: One Health – a strategy for resilience in a changing arctic date: 2015-09-01 words: 3695.0 sentences: 184.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-001757-q41o6nxs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-001757-q41o6nxs.txt summary: A regional network of diverse stakeholder and transdisciplinary specialists from circumpolar nations and Indigenous groups can advance the understanding of complex climate-driven health risks and provide community-based strategies for early identification, prevention and adaption of health risks in human, animals and environment. Understanding the health risks of climate change in the Arctic will require scientists, policy makers, communities and public health experts to collaborate beyond the confines of their disciplines and borders, and One Health provides an approach to detect the emergence of climate-sensitive health threats in the region. The implications of health risks Á to Arctic populations and those beyond Á calls for broad and diverse stakeholder collaborations to advance the fundamental understanding of emerging health threats, and the development of shared initiatives that decrease vulnerabilities of human and animal communities and the environment. abstract: The circumpolar north is uniquely vulnerable to the health impacts of climate change. While international Arctic collaboration on health has enhanced partnerships and advanced the health of inhabitants, significant challenges lie ahead. One Health is an approach that considers the connections between the environment, plant, animal and human health. Understanding this is increasingly critical in assessing the impact of global climate change on the health of Arctic inhabitants. The effects of climate change are complex and difficult to predict with certainty. Health risks include changes in the distribution of infectious disease, expansion of zoonotic diseases and vectors, changing migration patterns, impacts on food security and changes in water availability and quality, among others. A regional network of diverse stakeholder and transdisciplinary specialists from circumpolar nations and Indigenous groups can advance the understanding of complex climate-driven health risks and provide community-based strategies for early identification, prevention and adaption of health risks in human, animals and environment. We propose a regional One Health approach for assessing interactions at the Arctic human–animal–environment interface to enhance the understanding of, and response to, the complexities of climate change on the health of the Arctic inhabitants. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4558275/ doi: 10.3402/ijch.v74.27913 id: cord-334039-7nwq4vxk author: Russo, Giuliano title: Understanding nurses’ dual practice: a scoping review of what we know and what we still need to ask on nurses holding multiple jobs date: 2018-02-22 words: 5935.0 sentences: 274.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334039-7nwq4vxk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334039-7nwq4vxk.txt summary: BACKGROUND: Mounting evidence suggests that holding multiple concurrent jobs in public and private (dual practice) is common among health workers in lowas well as high-income countries. Its specific objectives are (1) to map out the existing literature on the subject, determining its prevalence and distribution across geographies, publication types (e.g. peer-reviewed, grey), and specific topics addressed; (2) summarise the evidence, perspectives, and specific contents addressed; and (3) propose an agenda to advance research and development activities to first identify and then mitigate any pervasive effects of nurses'' dual practices to UHC, based on the scoping review results. The evidence available suggests that the consequences of this phenomenon are not negligible, particularly for the health of those nurses ending up working longer hours and hospital shifts because of their multiple commitments [39, 51] , but also for the organisation of public and private health services facing a more ''casual'' and less-committed kind of workforce [21] . abstract: BACKGROUND: Mounting evidence suggests that holding multiple concurrent jobs in public and private (dual practice) is common among health workers in low- as well as high-income countries. Nurses are world’s largest health professional workforce and a critical resource for achieving Universal Health Coverage. Nonetheless, little is known about nurses’ engagement with dual practice. METHODS: We conducted a scoping review of the literature on nurses’ dual practice with the objective of generating hypotheses on its nature and consequences, and define a research agenda on the phenomenon. The Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological steps were followed to develop the research questions, identify relevant studies, include/exclude studies, extract the data, and report the findings. PRISMA guidelines were additionally used to conduct the review and report on results. RESULTS: Of the initial 194 records identified, a total of 35 met the inclusion criteria for nurses’ dual practice; the vast majority (65%) were peer-reviewed publications, followed by nursing magazine publications (19%), reports, and doctoral dissertations. Twenty publications focused on high-income countries, 16 on low- or middle-income ones, and two had a multi country perspective. Although holding multiple jobs not always amounted to dual practice, several ways were found for public-sector nurses to engage concomitantly in public and private employments, in regulated as well as in informal, casual fashions. Some of these forms were reported as particularly prevalent, from over 50% in Australia, Canada, and the UK, to 28% in South Africa. The opportunity to increase a meagre salary, but also a dissatisfaction with the main job and the flexibility offered by multiple job-holding arrangements, were among the reported reasons for engaging in these practices. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Limited and mostly circumstantial evidence exists on nurses’ dual practice, with the few existing studies suggesting that the phenomenon is likely to be very common and carry implications for health systems and nurses’ welfare worldwide. We offer an agenda for future research to consolidate the existing evidence and to further explore nurses’ motivation; without a better understanding of nurse dual practice, this will continue to be a largely ‘hidden’ element in nursing workforce policy and practice, with an unclear impact on the delivery of care. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1186/s12960-018-0276-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-018-0276-x doi: 10.1186/s12960-018-0276-x id: cord-330454-jmd3wosy author: Rutten, Martine title: A comparative analysis of some policy options to reduce rationing in the UK''s NHS: Lessons from a general equilibrium model incorporating positive health effects date: 2008-10-22 words: 7781.0 sentences: 335.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330454-jmd3wosy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330454-jmd3wosy.txt summary: The CGE model is calibrated to a purpose-built Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) for the UK for the year 2000 with considerable refinement in terms of sectors (distinguishing health care and its main input suppliers), factors (capital, skilled and unskilled labour) and household types (based on the age and labour market participation of household members). The effects on welfare of higher health provision come through two main channels: (a) the direct gain from increasing the "well-being" of the population, and (b) the indirect effects of an increase in the size of the effective (i.e., "able to work") endowments of skilled and unskilled labour for use in non-health activities. Using an applied CGE model for the UK, which in addition to the labour market effects also incorporates the direct impact of health provision on the "well-being" of the population, we have compared the nominally equivalent policies of increasing the NHS budget under the assumptions of mobile and health care-specific factors and the immigration of foreign skilled workers (doctors and nurses) at the current wage with one another. abstract: This paper seeks to determine the macro-economic impacts of changes in health care provision. The resource allocation issues have been explored in theory, by applying the Rybczynski theorem, and empirically, using a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model for the UK with a detailed health component. From the theory, changes in non-health outputs are shown to depend on factor-bias and scale effects, the net effects generally being indeterminate. From the applied model, a rise in the National Health Service (NHS) budget is shown to yield overall welfare gains, which fall by two-thirds assuming health care-specific factors. A nominally equivalent migration policy yields even higher welfare gains. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19062116/ doi: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2008.10.002 id: cord-291382-vo9bemg1 author: Ryan, Jeffrey R. title: Case Studies date: 2016-03-25 words: 7061.0 sentences: 368.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291382-vo9bemg1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291382-vo9bemg1.txt summary: Specifically, the chapter provides details on the Sverdlovsk anthrax incident (1979); the Rajneeshee Salmonella incident (1984); the Surat, India pneumonic plague outbreak (1994); the Fallen Angel ricin incidents (2003–04); Amerithrax (2001); and the outbreak of Ebola virus in West Africa (2014–15). In addition, each case study presented herein shows how confounding these outbreaks can be to public health officials and how fear, panic, and social disruption may ensue. The reports of a possible anthrax outbreak in Sverdlovsk, linked to an incident at a suspected Soviet biological warfare facility, served to further deepen already worsening US-Soviet relations, which were heading back toward a new Cold War in the wake of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. By the time the first CDC officers began to arrive, the county health department had already confirmed 60 cases of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium from the outbreak. abstract: Chapter 7 presents six case studies that should provoke the reader to delve more into the particulars of each incident. Specifically, the chapter provides details on the Sverdlovsk anthrax incident (1979); the Rajneeshee Salmonella incident (1984); the Surat, India pneumonic plague outbreak (1994); the Fallen Angel ricin incidents (2003–04); Amerithrax (2001); and the outbreak of Ebola virus in West Africa (2014–15). Each of these incidents help illustrate the difference between an unusual natural outbreak and one due to an intentional act. In addition, each case study presented herein shows how confounding these outbreaks can be to public health officials and how fear, panic, and social disruption may ensue. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128020296000074 doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-802029-6.00007-4 id: cord-029633-njeewhv3 author: Ryu, Jaewon title: A Flower Blooms in the Bitter Soil of the Covid-19 Crisis date: 2020-06-24 words: 2056.0 sentences: 87.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-029633-njeewhv3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-029633-njeewhv3.txt summary: Because providers in value-based payment environments are not constrained by the need to maximize the volume of care, they have the freedom to experiment with novel ways to reduce costs and improve outcomes. By design, this thinking is required in value-based payment relationships where providers are financially responsible for the health of their entire panel, or "population," of patients. We must accelerate our efforts to reduce costs while improving care, and value-based payment models are best positioned to do this. The urgency of the current crisis has mobilized the United States to align and cooperate in new and flexible ways that leverage public health principles. The collaboration and ingenuity we have seen during this crisis should give us hope that we can make progress on issues that have seemed intractable, and transitioning to value-based payment models will help to create the conditions and alignment we will need to act. abstract: The pandemic offers many lessons and reaffirms the value of innovations we had been reluctant to pursue. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7371336/ doi: 10.1056/cat.20.0321 id: cord-264749-m1awr1rm author: Saad, Julian M. title: A philosophy of health: life as reality, health as a universal value date: 2020-03-18 words: 9761.0 sentences: 475.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264749-m1awr1rm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264749-m1awr1rm.txt summary: The biological immune system, an individual''s system of health behaviors, and the social system will be observed as systems that generate maintainable-ease of functioning in cells, selves, and societies respectively (Fig. 2 ). To observe health at the level of the cell, the self, and the society simultaneously, we consider systems that support maintainable-ease of biological, behavioral, and social functioning. Through this philosophy, one can go beyond biological systems to observe how precision (in the form of hostdefense functions, decision-making/executive functions, and values) and variation (in the form of microbiota functions, habits/habitual life functions, and population-wide behaviors) integrate to generate to maintainable-ease of functioning in cells, selves, and societies simultaneously (Fig. 3) . Similarly, when behavioral and social exposures are not tailored to the needs of individuals and groups, populations can become resistant to healthy change, and health is no longer valued at the level of the self and the society. abstract: Emphases on biomarkers (e.g. when making diagnoses) and pharmaceutical/drug methods (e.g. when researching/disseminating population level interventions) in primary care evidence philosophies of health (and healthcare) that reduce health to the biological level. However, with chronic diseases being responsible for the majority of all cause deaths and being strongly linked to health behavior and lifestyle; predominantly biological views are becoming increasingly insufficient when discussing this health crisis. A philosophy that integrates biological, behavioral, and social determinants of health could benefit multidisciplinary discussions of healthy publics. This manuscript introduces a Philosophy of Health by presenting its first five principles of health. The philosophy creates parallels among biological immunity, health behavior change, social change by proposing that two general functions—precision and variation—impact population health at biological, behavioral, and social levels. This higher-level of abstraction is used to conclude that integrating functions, rather than separated (biological) structures drive healthy publics. A Philosophy of Health provides a framework that can integrate existing theories, models, concepts, and constructs. url: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-020-0420-9 doi: 10.1057/s41599-020-0420-9 id: cord-298708-lvahzj59 author: Sahin, Ecem title: Vulnerabilities of Syrian refugee children in Turkey and actions taken for prevention and management in terms of health and wellbeing date: 2020-07-29 words: 10392.0 sentences: 468.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298708-lvahzj59.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298708-lvahzj59.txt summary: RESULTS: Syrian refugee children in Turkey are facing a variety of risks in terms of their health and wellbeing including communicable and non-communicable diseases, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, family violence, child labor, and child marriage. A study on mental health problems and related risk factors in Turkey reported that Syrian refugee children have been exposed to a number of traumatic events during war in Syria prior to arrival to Turkey such as witnessing explosions or gun battles (70 %), to lose someone important to them (56 %), to see dead or wounded people (55 %), or witnessing people being tortured (43 %) (Gormez et al., 2018) . The main commonality of the studies reviewed for this article is that Syrian refugee children in Turkey are faced with higher risks in terms of a variety of health and wellbeing indicators despite the efforts by governmental and non-governmental entities. abstract: BACKGROUND: The Syrian crisis, which started in March 2011, has resulted in the displacement of 6.3 million refugees predominantly to neighboring countries in addition to the internal displacement of 6.2 million people. Turkey is the country hosting the largest number of refugees in the world with 3.6 million Syrian refugees 46 % of which are under 18 years old. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to conduct a narrative review and analyze the vulnerabilities of refugee children in Turkey from the lens of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), more specifically SDG Goal 3: Good Health and Wellbeing, with a specific focus on Syrian refugee children. Moreover, this article explores the actions taken to prevent and mitigate issues that arise from these vulnerabilities. METHOD: This narrative review article collected data from various primary and secondary sources on the Turkish refugee framework including national and international legislation, governmental and non-governmental data and reports, and scientific papers. RESULTS: Syrian refugee children in Turkey are facing a variety of risks in terms of their health and wellbeing including communicable and non-communicable diseases, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, family violence, child labor, and child marriage. The measures taken for prevention and response by governmental and non-governmental entities are multilateral and aim to address issues from multiple perspectives including medical, psychosocial, child protection, and legal. CONCLUSIONS: The interventions and restructuring of the health system in Turkey contribute to the SDG number 3 for refugee children. The existence of a legal system which enables refugee access to health, protection, and other social services is key to achieve this goal. However, the existing system could be improved especially through solidifying the legal basis and centralizing the implementation for child and refugee protection. The engagement of all stakeholders to improve the health and wellbeing of refugee children remains vital. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104628 doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104628 id: cord-265311-3lp5t9q8 author: Salman, M. D. title: The role of veterinary epidemiology in combating infectious animal diseases on a global scale: The impact of training and outreach programs date: 2009-12-01 words: 3246.0 sentences: 155.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-265311-3lp5t9q8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-265311-3lp5t9q8.txt summary: The aim of this paper is to present the design and implementation of training in disease investigation and basic veterinary epidemiology in selected countries using the Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N1 Asia strain as a disease detection model. The aim of this paper is to present the design and implementation of training in disease investigation and basic veterinary epidemiology in selected countries using the Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N1 Asia strain as a disease detection model. Veterinary professionals throughout the world, mainly through their animal health services, are faced with having to fulfill a crucial role in protecting their country''s animal health status, providing sound surveillance information on the occurrence of diseases within their territories, and conducting scientifically valid risk analyses to establish justified import requirements. This paper presents the value and role of veterinary epidemiology in combating infectious animal diseases on a global scale, emphasizing the importance of training and outreach programs. abstract: Abstract The effectiveness of detection and control of highly contagious animal diseases is dependent on a solid understanding of their nature and implementation of scientifically sound methods by people who are well trained. The implementation of specific detection methods and tools requires training and application in natural as well as field conditions. The aim of this paper is to present the design and implementation of training in disease investigation and basic veterinary epidemiology in selected countries using the Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N1 Asia strain as a disease detection model. Indonesia, Egypt, Nigeria, Turkey, and Vietnam were each identified as either a priority country where AI was spreading rapidly or a country at risk for infection. In each of these countries, a training program on epidemiological concepts, field investigation methodology, and detection of H5N1 Asia strain cases was conducted. This report includes the impact of these training sessions on national animal health programs, including follow-up activities of animal health officers who went through these training sessions. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19781798/ doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2009.09.004 id: cord-337982-t3zbfvlo author: Salvage, Jane title: Our future is global: nursing leadership and global health date: 2020-08-31 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Global health matters to every nurse everywhere. In this article we outline why. We highlight some important health issues confronting the world today; explore how these issues are being tackled; and consider the implications for nursing. We describe how nurses are making a difference in the challenging contexts, range and complexity of nursing work round the globe, and we conclude with a call to action. Nurses can influence, and become, policy-makers and politicians, and explain to them why the Sustainable Development Goals cannot be reached without strengthening nursing. In this International Year of the Nurse and Midwife, the window of opportunity is open, but it will not stay open for long. Nurses and midwives globally and locally must be ready to jump through it. We ask you to join hands, and join us. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32876292/ doi: 10.1590/1518-8345.4542.3339 id: cord-271887-blwrpf38 author: Sampa, Masuda Begum title: Redesigning Portable Health Clinic Platform as a Remote Healthcare System to Tackle COVID-19 Pandemic Situation in Unreached Communities date: 2020-06-30 words: 5654.0 sentences: 271.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271887-blwrpf38.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271887-blwrpf38.txt summary: Our initial examination of the suitability of the PHC and its associated technologies as a key contributor to public health responses is designed to "flatten the curve", particularly among unreached high-risk NCD populations in developing countries. Portable Health Clinic (PHC) services, which is an RHS, have proven efficacy in providing necessary information and preventive measures for people without access to healthcare facilities [17] [18] [19] . No previous study to date has examined the scopes of designing and developing an RHS based on the general requirements to facilitate primary screening and triaging COVID-19 and primary healthcare services for preventing COVID-19 and controlling NCDs. However, such screening and triaging COVID-19 by an RHS is important for cost-effective check-ups and for reducing the risk of transmission for unreached communities with various needs. In its existing functional form, deploying the PHC and related RHS technologies for socially distanced populations during a public health emergency, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, is beneficial in reducing the risk of transmission to frontline healthcare professionals. abstract: Medical staff carry an inordinate risk of infection from patients, and many doctors, nurses, and other healthcare workers are affected by COVID-19 worldwide. The unreached communities with noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as chronic cardiovascular, respiratory, endocrine, digestive, or renal diseases became more vulnerable during this pandemic situation. In both cases, Remote Healthcare Systems (RHS) may help minimize the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. This study used the WHO guidelines and Design Science Research (DSR) framework to redesign the Portable Health Clinic (PHC), an RHS, for the containment of the spread of COVID-19 as well as proposed corona logic (C-Logic) for the main symptoms of COVID-19. Using the distributed service platform of PHC, a trained healthcare worker with appropriate testing kits can screen high-risk individuals and can help optimize triage to medical services. PHC with its new triage algorithm (C-Logic) classifies the patients according to whether the patient needs to move to a clinic for a PCR test. Through modified PHC service, we can help people to boost their knowledge, attitude (feelings/beliefs), and self-efficacy to execute preventing measures. Our initial examination of the suitability of the PHC and its associated technologies as a key contributor to public health responses is designed to “flatten the curve”, particularly among unreached high-risk NCD populations in developing countries. Theoretically, this study contributes to design science research by introducing a modified healthcare providing model. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134709 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17134709 id: cord-283398-wplz8o2k author: Sanders, Chris title: “You Need ID to Get ID”: A Scoping Review of Personal Identification as a Barrier to and Facilitator of the Social Determinants of Health in North America date: 2020-06-13 words: 7709.0 sentences: 352.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283398-wplz8o2k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283398-wplz8o2k.txt summary: Through this scoping review, we seek to enter into this conversation regarding barriers to obtaining PID by highlighting the ways in which the problems posed by a lack of PID are particularly pronounced for people living in rural, northern, and remote access communities-people whom we already know experience poorer health outcomes than residents in metropolitan and suburban areas, and whom to date have been largely ignored in the scholarship [8] . In Canada, for instance, Indigenous people make up a significant proportion of the population in the rural and provincial north, and further clarity is needed on the unique PID problems facing this population, such as birth registration and the acquisition of birth certificates, as well as the difficulties of obtaining PID in areas with extremely limited access to state social and health services [6] . abstract: Personal identification (PID) is an important, if often overlooked, barrier to accessing the social determinants of health for many marginalized people in society. A scoping review was undertaken to explore the range of research addressing the role of PID in the social determinants of health in North America, barriers to acquiring and maintaining PID, and to identify gaps in the existing research. A systematic search of academic and gray literature was performed, and a thematic analysis of the included studies (n = 31) was conducted. The themes identified were: (1) gaining and retaining identification, (2) access to health and social services, and (3) facilitating identification programs. The findings suggest a paucity of research on PID services and the role of PID in the social determinants of health. We contend that research is urgently required to build a more robust understanding of existing PID service models, particularly in rural contexts, as well as on barriers to accessing and maintaining PID, especially among the most marginalized groups in society. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124227 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17124227 id: cord-297216-1b99hm1e author: Sariola, Salla title: Toward a Symbiotic Perspective on Public Health: Recognizing the Ambivalence of Microbes in the Anthropocene date: 2020-05-16 words: 9371.0 sentences: 552.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-297216-1b99hm1e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-297216-1b99hm1e.txt summary: In the Anthropocene, the conditions for microbial evolution have been altered by human interventions, and public health initiatives must recognize both the beneficial (indeed, necessary) interactions of microbes with their hosts as well as their pathogenic interactions. Its website proclaims this to be a big genome, big data approach to public health, whereby "taking into account individual differences in lifestyle, environment, and biology, researchers will uncover paths toward delivering precision medicine..." PPH is getting a shot in the other arm from pharmacogenomics, the study of how responses to drugs are influenced by the genetic makeup of the person receiving the drug. Holobiont public health would do well to recognize both the parasitic and the mutualistic branches of symbiosis [204] It would also recognize the two major changes in our scientific knowledge of microbial evolution that have occurred in this century: (1) organisms are holobionts composed of several species, wherein microbes help maintain healthy physiology and resilience; and (2) bacteria can pass genes through horizontal genetic transmission, thereby facilitating the rapid spread of antibiotic resistance through numerous bacterial species. abstract: Microbes evolve in complex environments that are often fashioned, in part, by human desires. In a global perspective, public health has played major roles in structuring how microbes are perceived, cultivated, and destroyed. The germ theory of disease cast microbes as enemies of the body and the body politic. Antibiotics have altered microbial development by providing stringent natural selection on bacterial species, and this has led to the formation of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. Public health perspectives such as “Precision Public Health” and “One Health” have recently been proposed to further manage microbial populations. However, neither of these take into account the symbiotic relationships that exist between bacterial species and between bacteria, viruses, and their eukaryotic hosts. We propose a perspective on public health that recognizes microbial evolution through symbiotic associations (the hologenome theory) and through lateral gene transfer. This perspective has the advantage of including both the pathogenic and beneficial interactions of humans with bacteria, as well as combining the outlook of the “One Health” model with the genomic methodologies utilized in the “Precision Public Health” model. In the Anthropocene, the conditions for microbial evolution have been altered by human interventions, and public health initiatives must recognize both the beneficial (indeed, necessary) interactions of microbes with their hosts as well as their pathogenic interactions. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8050746 doi: 10.3390/microorganisms8050746 id: cord-328430-eme58ztj author: Sarriot, Eric title: Community Ownership in Primary Health Care—Managing the Intangible date: 2020-10-01 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Although enduringly intangible, community ownership is foundational to primary health care. This intangibility is a reminder of what programs can and should do (create space for dialogue, question their own choices, expand diversity in stakeholder voices making sense of program-induced changes, including through evaluation) and what they cannot do (manage someone else’s ownership). url: https://doi.org/10.9745/ghsp-d-20-00427 doi: 10.9745/ghsp-d-20-00427 id: cord-309122-9dfyjpid author: Sato, Akiko title: Reviews on common objectives and evaluation indicators for risk communication activities from 2011 to 2017 date: 2020-08-25 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: Risk communication is widely accepted as a significant factor for policy makers, academic researchers, and practitioners in diverse fields. However, there remains a lack of comprehensive knowledge about how risk communication is currently conducted across fields and about the way risk communication is evaluated. METHODOLOGY: This study systematically searched for materials from three scholarly search engines and one journal with a single search term of “risk communication.” The eligibility assessment selected peer-reviewed articles published in English that evaluated risk communication activities. Emphasis was placed on articles published in recent years accounting for about half of the pre-selected ones. Data on field of study, intervention timing, target audience, communication type, and objectives/evaluation indicators was extracted from the articles. Patterns of objectives/evaluation indicators used in risk communication activities were compared with those of the definitions and purposes of risk communication stated by relevant organizations. Association analysis was conducted based on study fields and objectives/evaluation indicators. RESULTS: The screening process yielded 292 articles that were published between 2011 and 2017 in various fields, such as medicine, food safety, chemical substances, and disasters/emergencies. The review process showed that many activities were performed in the medical field, during non-/pre-crisis periods. Recent activities primarily targeted citizens/Non-Profit Organizations (NPOs), and was disseminated in the form of large group or mass communication. While “knowledge increase,” “change in risk perception and concern alleviation,” and “decision making and behavior change” were commonly addressed in practice, “trust-building” and “reduction in psychological distress” were rarely focused. The analysis also indicated that the medical field tends to perform risk communication at the individual or small group level, in contrast to the food safety field. Further, risk communications in the non-/pre-crisis period are more likely to aim at “changes in risk perception and concern alleviation” than those in the crisis period. Risk communications that aim at “changes in risk perception and concern alleviation” are likely to be presented in a large group or mass communication, whereas those that aim at “decision making and behavior change” are likely to be conducted at the individual or small group level. CONCLUSION: An overview of recent activities may provide those who engage in risk communication with an opportunity to learn from practices in different fields or those conducted in different intervention timings. Devoting greater attention to trust building and reduction in psychological distress and exploring non-citizen/NPO stakeholders’ needs would be beneficial across academic and professional disciplines. url: https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9730 doi: 10.7717/peerj.9730 id: cord-268712-rxdw553c author: Sawyer, Alexandra title: Posttraumatic growth and adjustment among individuals with cancer or HIV/AIDS: A meta-analysis date: 2010-03-02 words: 8820.0 sentences: 475.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268712-rxdw553c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268712-rxdw553c.txt summary: Consequently, this meta-analysis explored the relationship between posttraumatic growth and psychological and physical wellbeing in adults diagnosed with cancer or HIV/AIDS and examined potential moderators of these relationships. As such the aim of the current paper is to present a meta-analysis of the existing literature that will aim to objectively summarize PTG and its relation to adjustment in individuals living with a life threatening illness (cancer or HIV/ AIDS) and to examine potential moderators of this relationship. Primarily it is concerned with estimating the overall effect size of the relationship between PTG following a life threatening illness (cancer or HIV/AIDS) and various indicators of adjustment. This meta-analytic review summarized the findings from 38 studies examining the association between PTG following cancer or HIV/AIDS and positive psychological adjustment, negative psychological adjustment, and subjective physical health. abstract: There is increasing research on posttraumatic growth after life-threatening illnesses such as cancer and HIV/AIDS, although it is unclear whether growth confers any psychological or physical benefits in such samples. Consequently, this meta-analysis explored the relationship between posttraumatic growth and psychological and physical wellbeing in adults diagnosed with cancer or HIV/AIDS and examined potential moderators of these relationships. Analysis of 38 studies (N = 7927) of posttraumatic growth after cancer or HIV/AIDS revealed that growth was related to increased positive mental health, reduced negative mental health and better subjective physical health. Moderators of these relationships included time since the event, age, ethnicity, and type of negative mental health outcome. It is hoped that this synthesis will encourage further examination of the potentially complex relationship between posttraumatic growth and adjustment in individuals living with life-threatening medical conditions. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20350775/ doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2010.02.004 id: cord-294789-07hto8qn author: Schoch-Spana, Monica title: The public’s role in COVID-19 vaccination: human-centered recommendations to enhance pandemic vaccine awareness, access, and acceptance in the United States date: 2020-10-29 words: 5808.0 sentences: 272.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-294789-07hto8qn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-294789-07hto8qn.txt summary: Members of the working group-listed as authors on this paper-included national figures in public health and social science with research, policy, and practice expertise in vaccinology, vaccine hesitancy/confidence, health disparities, infectious disease, bioethics, epidemiology, bioinformatics, public health law, pandemic mitigation, public health preparedness, mass vaccination campaigns, community engagement, and crisis and emergency risk communication. A combination of literature reviews on vaccination, pandemic planning, and health crisis communication; an assessment of current news and social media trends regarding COVID-19 vaccines; and key informant interviews with each working group member focusing on their respective expertise formed the basis of the research presented in this article. To ensure a successful COVID-19 vaccination campaign, it is necessary for sponsors to invest in time-critical investigations on human factors related to vaccine acceptance, and for public health authorities and other stakeholders to act on the social and behavioral findings of this research. abstract: Given the social and economic upheavals caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, political leaders, health officials, and members of the public are eager for solutions. One of the most promising, if they can be successfully developed, is vaccines. While the technological development of such countermeasures is currently underway, a key social gap remains. Past experience in routine and crisis contexts demonstrates that uptake of vaccines is more complicated than simply making the technology available. Vaccine uptake, and especially the widespread acceptance of vaccines, is a social endeavor that requires consideration of human factors. To provide a starting place for this critical component of a future COVID-19 vaccination campaign in the United States, the 23-person Working Group on Readying Populations for COVID-19 Vaccines was formed. One outcome of this group is a synthesis of the major challenges and opportunities associated with a future COVID-19 vaccination campaign and empirically-informed recommendations to advance public understanding of, access to, and acceptance of vaccines that protect against SARS-CoV-2. While not inclusive of all possible steps than could or should be done to facilitate COVID-19 vaccination, the working group believes that the recommendations provided are essential for a successful vaccination program. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0264410X20313682 doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.10.059 id: cord-340128-qxkopvot author: Schreibauer, Elena Christina title: Work-Related Psychosocial Stress in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: An Integrative Review date: 2020-10-13 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Background: Work-related psychosocial stress can cause mental and physical illnesses resulting in high costs for the individual, the economy and society. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) employ the majority of the world’s workforce and often have fewer financial and human resources compared to larger businesses. The aim of this review is to summarize current knowledge on work-related stress in SMEs according to well-established guidelines categorizing psychosocial factors at work. Methods: A systematic database search was carried out in PubMed, PsycINFO, PSYNDEX and Business Source Premiere from March to June 2019, updated in January 2020. Data of included studies were analyzed and mapped into five themes: “work content and task”, “organization of work”, “social relations”, “working environment” and “new forms of work”. Results: After full-text screening, 45 out of 116 studies were included for data extraction. Studies were very heterogeneous and of varying quality, mostly applying a cross-sectional study design. Psychosocial factors in SMEs have been researched with a focus on the work patterns “work organization” and “work content and task”. Conclusions: This review underlines the need for more and better quality research of psychosocial factors in SMEs, particularly in relation to ongoing and new challenges in the workplace, including stressors related to the process of digitalization or the development of safe working conditions during the emerge of new infectious diseases. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33066111/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17207446 id: cord-004531-agvg719f author: Schröder-Bäck, P. title: Ethische Aspekte eines Influenzapandemiemanagements und Schlussfolgerungen für die Gesundheitspolitik: Ein Überblick date: 2008-02-07 words: 5046.0 sentences: 654.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-004531-agvg719f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-004531-agvg719f.txt summary: Der mögliche Ausbruch einer Pandemie mit einem neuartigen Influenza-A-Virus (im Folgenden kurz: Influenzapandemie) beschäftigt Public Health, die Öffentlichkeit und auch die Politik in den letzten Jahren vermehrt. Sie sollen sicherstellen, dass im Pandemiefall die gesundheitlichen Schäden der Bevölkerung gering gehalten werden und das öffentliche Leben so weit wie möglich aufrechterhalten wird, sodass nach einer Pandemie eine schnelle Rückkehr in den geordneten Alltag möglich wird. Die ethischen Herausforderungen bei einer Influenzapandemie liegen also vor allem darin, dass mögliche Public-Health-Maßnahmen zum Schutz der Bevölkerung individuelle Freiheiten einschränken können [16] . h. bereits in der Vorbereitung auf eine Pandemie, mit den ethischen Implikationen einer solchen auseinanderzusetzen und ethisches Urteilen bei der Weiterentwicklung von Maßnahmenkatalogen zu berücksichtigen. Die ärztliche Expertise und der heilberufliche Auftrag reichen allein nicht aus, den Herausforderungen im Falle einer befürchteten oder auch tatsächlichen Pandemie zu begegnen und gesamtgesellschaftliche Public-Health-Probleme zu lösen. abstract: Infectious diseases are among the major global health threats. Although associated with these diseases there are vast ethical challenges, ethics has more focused on other health related issues – e.g. associated with rare diseases, embryo research, genetic diagnosis. Nowadays we are facing a possible influenza pandemic caused by a new human influenza virus subtype. This article presents issues and ethical challenges of the pandemic threat. The authors argue that it is necessary to consider ethical implications of pandemic influenza preparedness early on and to include ethical reasoning when deciding on the measures for the pandemic management. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7079834/ doi: 10.1007/s00103-008-0449-1 id: cord-323054-m8hkj1dm author: Schwartz, Rachel title: Addressing Postpandemic Clinician Mental Health: A Narrative Review and Conceptual Framework date: 2020-08-21 words: 4844.0 sentences: 214.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-323054-m8hkj1dm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323054-m8hkj1dm.txt summary: In a narrative review of 96 articles addressing clinician mental health in COVID-19 and prior pandemics, 7 themes emerged: 1) the need for resilience and stress reduction training; 2) providing for clinicians'' basic needs (food, drink, adequate rest, quarantine-appropriate housing, transportation, child care, personal protective equipment); 3) the importance of specialized training for pandemic-induced changes in job roles; 4) recognition and clear communication from leadership; 5) acknowledgment of and strategies for addressing moral injury; 6) the need for peer and social support interventions; and 7) normalization and provision of mental health support programs. Seven themes, and associated interventions, emerged from the literature (Figure) : 1) the need for resilience and stress reduction training; 2) providing for clinicians'' basic needs (food, drink, adequate rest, quarantine-appropriate housing, transportation, child care, PPE); 3) the importance of specialized training for pandemic-induced changes in job roles; 4) recognition and clear communication from leadership; 5) acknowledgment of and strategies for addressing moral injury; 6) the need for peer and social support interventions and; 7) normalization and provision of mental health support programs. abstract: Previous pandemics have seen high psychiatric morbidity among health care workers. Protecting clinician mental health in the aftermath of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) requires an evidence-based approach to developing and deploying comprehensive clinician mental health support. In a narrative review of 96 articles addressing clinician mental health in COVID-19 and prior pandemics, 7 themes emerged: 1) the need for resilience and stress reduction training; 2) providing for clinicians' basic needs (food, drink, adequate rest, quarantine-appropriate housing, transportation, child care, personal protective equipment); 3) the importance of specialized training for pandemic-induced changes in job roles; 4) recognition and clear communication from leadership; 5) acknowledgment of and strategies for addressing moral injury; 6) the need for peer and social support interventions; and 7) normalization and provision of mental health support programs. In addition to the literature review, in collaboration with the Collaborative for Healing and Renewal in Medicine (CHARM) network, the authors gathered practice guidelines and resources from health care organizations and professional societies worldwide to synthesize a list of resources deemed high-yield by well-being leaders. Studies of previous pandemics demonstrate heightened distress in health care workers years after the event. The COVID-19 pandemic presents unique challenges that surpass those of previous pandemics, suggesting a significant mental health toll on clinicians. Long-term, proactive individual, organizational, and societal infrastructures for clinician mental health support are needed to mitigate the psychological costs of providing care during the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32822206/ doi: 10.7326/m20-4199 id: cord-316943-ef3i96bo author: Sciberras, Justine title: The burden of type 2 diabetes pre-and during the COVID-19 pandemic – a review date: 2020-10-19 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: INTRODUCTION: Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease and a global epidemic. It is a known fact that co-morbidities, including Diabetes Mellitus, pose a higher risk of infection by COVID-19. Additionally, the outcomes following infection are far worse than in people without such co-morbities. Factors contributing to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have long been established, yet this disease still bestows a substantial global burden. The aim was to provide a comprehensive review of the burden of diabetes pre-COVID-19 and the additional impact sustained by the diabetes population and healthcare systems during the COVID-19 pandemic, while providing recommendations of how this burden can be subsided. METHODOLOGY: Literature searches were carried out on ‘Google Scholar’ and ‘PubMed’ to identify relevant articles for the scope of this review. Information was also collected from reliable sources such as the World Health Organisation and the International Diabetes Federation. RESULTS: T2DM presented with economic, social and health burdens prior to COVID-19 with an significant ‘Disability Adjusted Life Years’ impact. Whilst people with diabetes are more susceptible to COVID-19, enforcing lockdown regulations set by the Public Health department to reduce risk of infection brought about its own challenges to T2DM management. Through recommendations and adapting to new methods of management such as telehealth, these challenges and potential consequences of mismanagement are kept to a minimum whilst safeguarding the healthcare system. CONCLUSION: By understanding the challenges and burdens faced by this population both evident pre-covid and during, targeted healthcare can be provided during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, implementation of targeted action plans and recommendations ensures the care provided is done in a safe and effective environment. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s40200-020-00656-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33102262/ doi: 10.1007/s40200-020-00656-4 id: cord-252902-qtfx49qp author: Scott, Jodie title: Creating Healthy Change in the Preconception Period for Women with Overweight or Obesity: A Qualitative Study Using the Information–Motivation–Behavioural Skills Model date: 2020-10-19 words: 8752.0 sentences: 458.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252902-qtfx49qp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252902-qtfx49qp.txt summary: A qualitative study focused on improving health in women of childbearing age identified that dietary knowledge, cooking skills and the time and cost of preparing healthy food were significant barriers to adopting a healthier diet [23] . This study aims to develop an understanding of preconception health awareness, potential barriers to adopting a healthier lifestyle, motivations, current behaviours and the practical skills required to change behaviour, for women with overweight or obesity. trying to conceive, or have already had children and trying to conceive again, you know, you''ve got another body to look after, like it''s not just you any more" (Sasha, Obese class II) Many women felt a sense of personal autonomy in choosing to improve their health-recognising that their lifestyle choices were modifiable and to have a healthy life, they had to take stock of their habits and change their mindset. abstract: Worldwide, half of women begin a pregnancy with overweight or obesity, which increases the risk of pregnancy and birth complications and adversely affects the lifelong health of the offspring. In order for metabolic changes to influence the gestational environment, research suggests that weight loss should take place before conception. This study aimed to understand women’s emotional and social contexts, knowledge, motivations, skills and self-efficacy in making healthy change. Semi-structured interviews conducted with twenty-three women with overweight or obesity, informed by the Information–Motivation–Behavioural Skills (IMB) model, were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Information-related themes identified included poor health risk knowledge, healthy food decisions and health versus convenience. The Motivation themes comprised taking responsibility, flexible options, social expectations, interpersonal challenges and accountability. Behavioural Skills entailed themes such as the mental battle, time management, self-care and inspiration. An environmental factor was identified in affordability—limiting access to healthier alternatives. Women wanted simple, flexible options that considered family commitments, time and budgetary constraints. Unprompted, several mentioned the importance of psychological support in managing setbacks, stress and maintaining motivation. Strategies for enhancing self-efficacy and motivational support are required to enable longstanding health behaviour change. Findings will inform intervention mapping development of an eHealth solution for women preconception. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33086583/ doi: 10.3390/jcm9103351 id: cord-333299-dmkdsy1r author: Seglem, K. B. title: Education differences in sickness absence and the role of health behaviors: a prospective twin study date: 2020-11-11 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: Long-term sickness absences burden the economy in many industrialized countries. Both educational attainment and health behaviors are well-known predictors of sickness absence. It remains, however, unclear whether these associations are causal or due to confounding factors. The co-twin control method allows examining causal hypotheses by controlling for familial confounding (shared genes and environment). In this study, we applied this design to study the role of education and health behaviors in sickness absence, taking sex and cohort differences into account. METHODS: Participants were two cohorts of in total 8806 Norwegian twins born 1948 to 1960 (older cohort, mean age at questionnaire = 40.3, 55.8% women), and 1967 to 1979 (younger cohort, mean age at questionnaire = 25.6, 58.9% women). Both cohorts had reported their health behaviors (smoking, physical activity and body mass index (BMI)) through a questionnaire during the 1990s. Data on the twins’ educational attainment and long-term sickness absences between 2000 and 2014 were retrieved from Norwegian national registries. Random (individual-level) and fixed (within-twin pair) effects regression models were used to measure the associations between educational attainment, health behaviours and sickness absence and to test the effects of possible familial confounding. RESULTS: Low education and poor health behaviors were associated with a higher proportion of sickness absence at the individual level. There were stronger effects of health behaviors on sickness absence in women, and in the older cohort, whereas the effect of educational attainment was similar across sex and cohorts. After adjustment for unobserved familial factors (genetic and environmental factors shared by twin pairs), the associations were strongly attenuated and non-significant, with the exception of health behaviors and sickness absence among men in the older cohort. CONCLUSIONS: The associations between educational attainment, health behaviors, and sickness absence seem to be confounded by unobserved familial factors shared by co-twins. However, the association between health behaviors and sickness absence was consistent with a causal effect among men in the older cohort. Future studies should consider familial confounding, as well as sex and age/cohort differences, when assessing associations between education, health behaviors and sickness absence. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary information accompanies this paper at 10.1186/s12889-020-09741-y. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33176746/ doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-09741-y id: cord-017061-vk55gm0j author: Selgelid, Michael J. title: TB Matters More date: 2008 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) is the second leading infectious cause of mortality worldwide and arguably the most important neglected topic in bioethics. This chapter: (1) explains the ethical importance of TB, (2) documents its neglect in bioethics discourse, (3) maps the terrain of ethical issues associated with TB, and (4) advocates a moderate pluralistic approach to ethical issues associated with TB. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7121532/ doi: 10.1007/978-1-4020-8617-5_14 id: cord-355919-e8fhlo37 author: Semaan, Aline title: Voices from the frontline: findings from a thematic analysis of a rapid online global survey of maternal and newborn health professionals facing the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-24 words: 6755.0 sentences: 403.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355919-e8fhlo37.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355919-e8fhlo37.txt summary: ► In addition to lack of healthcare worker protection, staffing shortages, heightened risk of nosocomial transmission and decreased healthcare use described in previous infectious disease outbreaks, maternal and newborn care during the COVID19 pandemic has also been affected by large-scale lockdowns/curfews. This online survey is part of a larger study seeking to: (1) understand how health professionals and health facilities prepare and respond to COVID-19 in regard to the care provided to women and their babies; and (2) document and analyse the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the services available to pregnant, labouring and ► Healthcare providers are worried about the impact of rapidly changing care practices on health outcomes: reduced access to antenatal care, fewer outpatient visits, shorter length of stay in facilities after birth, banning birth companions, separating newborns from COVID-19 positive mothers and postponing routine immunisations. abstract: INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic has substantially impacted maternity care provision worldwide. Studies based on modelling estimated large indirect effects of the pandemic on services and health outcomes. The objective of this study was to prospectively document experiences of frontline maternal and newborn healthcare providers. METHODS: We conducted a global, cross-sectional study of maternal and newborn health professionals via an online survey disseminated through professional networks and social media in 12 languages. Information was collected between 24 March and 10 April 2020 on respondents’ background, preparedness for and response to COVID-19 and their experience during the pandemic. An optional module sought information on adaptations to 17 care processes. Descriptive statistics and qualitative thematic analysis were used to analyse responses, disaggregating by low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) and high-income countries (HICs). RESULTS: We analysed responses from 714 maternal and newborn health professionals. Only one-third received training on COVID-19 from their health facility and nearly all searched for information themselves. Half of respondents in LMICs received updated guidelines for care provision compared with 82% in HICs. Overall, 47% of participants in LMICs and 69% in HICs felt mostly or completely knowledgeable in how to care for COVID-19 maternity patients. Facility-level responses to COVID-19 (signage, screening, testing and isolation rooms) were more common in HICs than LMICs. Globally, 90% of respondents reported somewhat or substantially higher levels of stress. There was a widespread perception of reduced use of routine maternity care services, and of modification in care processes, some of which were not evidence-based practices. CONCLUSIONS: Substantial knowledge gaps exist in guidance on management of maternity cases with or without COVID-19. Formal information-sharing channels for providers must be established and mental health support provided. Surveys of maternity care providers can help track the situation, capture innovations and support rapid development of effective responses. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002967 doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002967 id: cord-330364-ye02hwhy author: Semenza, Jan C. title: Systemic resilience to cross‐border infectious disease threat events in Europe date: 2019-05-17 words: 2742.0 sentences: 137.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330364-ye02hwhy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330364-ye02hwhy.txt summary: With a longitudinal study we relate changes in national IHR core capacities to changes in cross‐border infectious disease threat events (IDTE) between 2010 and 2016, collected through epidemic intelligence at the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). With respect to specific IHR core capacities, an individual increase in national legislation, policy & financing; coordination and communication with relevant sectors; surveillance; response; preparedness; risk communication; human resource capacity; or laboratory capacity was associated with a significant decrease in cross‐border IDTE incidence. To prevent Public Health Emergencies of International Concern (PHEIC) that can be a threat to global health security, the IHR oblige all ''States Parties'' to establish IHR core capacities (Table 1) to detect, assess, notify and report events, and to respond to public health risks and emergencies. abstract: Recurrent health emergencies threaten global health security. International Health Regulations (IHR) aim to prevent, detect and respond to such threats, through increase in national public health core capacities, but whether IHR core capacity implementation is necessary and sufficient has been contested. With a longitudinal study we relate changes in national IHR core capacities to changes in cross‐border infectious disease threat events (IDTE) between 2010 and 2016, collected through epidemic intelligence at the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). By combining all IHR core capacities into one composite measure we found that a 10% increase in the mean of this composite IHR core capacity to be associated with a 19% decrease (p = 0.017) in the incidence of cross‐border IDTE in the EU. With respect to specific IHR core capacities, an individual increase in national legislation, policy & financing; coordination and communication with relevant sectors; surveillance; response; preparedness; risk communication; human resource capacity; or laboratory capacity was associated with a significant decrease in cross‐border IDTE incidence. In contrast, our analysis showed that IHR core capacities relating to point‐of‐entry, zoonotic events or food safety were not associated with IDTE in the EU. Due to high internal correlations between core capacities, we conducted a principal component analysis which confirmed a 20% decrease in risk of IDTE for every 10% increase in the core capacity score (95% CI: 0.73, 0.88). Globally (EU excluded), a 10% increase in the mean of all IHR core capacities combined was associated with a 14% decrease (p = 0.077) in cross‐border IDTE incidence. We provide quantitative evidence that improvements in IHR core capacities at country‐level are associated with fewer cross‐border IDTE in the EU, which may also hold true for other parts of the world. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.13211 doi: 10.1111/tbed.13211 id: cord-301547-d4wt9dqp author: Seng, J. J. B. title: Pandemic related Health literacy - A Systematic Review of literature in COVID-19, SARS and MERS pandemics date: 2020-05-11 words: 5400.0 sentences: 296.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301547-d4wt9dqp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301547-d4wt9dqp.txt summary: Study selection Studies which evaluated health literacy related to novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) or Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) Data extraction Data on the characteristics of study designs, instruments, participants and level of health literacy were collected. Keywords employed in the search strategy included terms related to health literacy as well as the viruses and syndromes implicated in the three coronavirus pandemics which were namely COVID-19, MERS and SARS. Studies which evaluated health literacy related to COVID-19, SARS or MERS among adult participants aged ≥ 18 years old from the general population, healthcare sectors and infected patients were included. Questions from instruments used across included studies were classified into three main themes, which were 1) knowledge, 2) attitudes and 3) practices, to help guide future development of standardised COVID-19 and pandemic health literacy tools. abstract: Background: Health literacy plays an essential role in ones ability to acquire and understand critical medical information in the COVID-19 infodemic and other pandemics. Purpose: To summarize the assessment, levels and determinants of pandemic related health literacy and its associated clinical outcomes. Data sources: Medline, Embase, PsychINFO, CINAHL, arXiv, bioRxiv, medRxiv, and Social Science Research Network. The start date was unrestricted and current as of 22 April 2020. Study selection Studies which evaluated health literacy related to novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) or Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) Data extraction Data on the characteristics of study designs, instruments, participants and level of health literacy were collected. Items used in instruments were grouped under the themes of knowledge, attitudes and practices. Determinants of health literacy were grouped into five domains (socio-demographic, medical, psychological/psychiatric, health systems related and others). Data synthesis: Of 2,065 articles screened, 70 articles were included. 21, 17 and 32 studies evaluated health literacy related to COVID-19, SARS and MERS, respectively. The rates of low pandemic health literacy ranged from 4.3 to 57.9% among medical-related populations and 4.0% to 82.5% among non-medical populations. Knowledge about symptoms and transmission of infection; worry about infection and, practices related to mask usage and hand hygiene was most frequently evaluated. Socio-demographic determinants of health literacy were most studied, where higher education level, older age and female gender were associated with better health literacy. No studies evaluated outcomes associated with health literacy. Limitations Non-English articles were excluded. Conclusion: The level of pandemic related health literacy is sub-optimal. Healthcare administrators need to be aware of health literacy determinants when formulating policies in pandemics. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.07.20094227 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.07.20094227 id: cord-261558-szll3znw author: Serrano-Ripoll, M. J. title: Effect of a Mobile-based Intervention on Mental Health in Frontline Healthcare Workers Against COVID-19: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial date: 2020-11-06 words: 4815.0 sentences: 275.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261558-szll3znw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261558-szll3znw.txt summary: However, their effectiveness in this specific context and population is largely unknown: As observed by a recent review 19 , only 27% of the studies about mental health apps to assist HCW during COVID-19 included empirical evaluation of the reported interventions. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.03.20225102 doi: medRxiv preprint these exceptional circumstances, we received funding to develop and evaluate a CBT and mindfulness-based intervention using an mHealth, to protect mental health of Spanish HCWs attending the COVID-19 emergency. Each section contains multiple modules, covering the following areas: i) monitoring mental health status; ii) educational materials about psychological symptoms (e.g. anxiety, worry, irritability, mood, stress, moral distress, etc.); iii) practical tips to manage pandemic-related stressors (e.g., is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in (which was not certified by peer review) preprint abstract: Aim: To evaluate the impact of a psychoeducational, mobile health intervention based on cognitive behavioural therapy and mindfulness-based approaches on the mental health of healthcare workers at the frontline against COVID-19 in Spain. Design: We will carry out a two-week, individually randomised, parallel group, controlled trial. Participants will be individually randomised to receive the PsyCovidApp intervention or control App intervention. Methods: The PsyCovidApp intervention will include five modules: emotional skills, lifestyle behaviour, work stress and burnout, social support, and practical tools. Healthcare workers having attended COVID-19 patients will be randomized to receive the PsyCovidApp intervention (intervention group) or a control App intervention (control group). A total of 440 healthcare workers will be necessary to assure statistical power. Measures will be collected telephonically by a team of psychologists at baseline and immediately after the two weeks intervention period. Measures will include stress, depression and anxiety (DASS-21 questionnaire - primary endpoint), insomnia (ISI), burnout (MBI-HSS), post-traumatic stress disorder (DTS), and self-efficacy (GSE). The study was funded in May 2020, and was ethically approved in June 2020. Trial participants, outcome assessors and data analysts will be blinded to group allocation. Discussion: Despite the increasing use of mobile health interventions to deliver mental health care, this area of research is still on its infancy. This study will help increase the scientific evidence regarding the effectiveness of this type of intervention on this specific population and context. Impact: Despite the lack of solid evidence about their effectiveness, mobile-based health interventions are already being widely implemented because of their low cost and high scalability. The findings from this study will help health services and organizations to make informed decisions in relation to the development and implementation of this type of interventions, allowing them pondering not only their attractive implementability features, but also empirical data about its benefits. url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.03.20225102v1?rss=1 doi: 10.1101/2020.11.03.20225102 id: cord-024981-yfuuirnw author: Severin, Paul N. title: Types of Disasters date: 2020-05-14 words: 29266.0 sentences: 1796.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-024981-yfuuirnw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-024981-yfuuirnw.txt summary: The World Health Organization and the Pan American Health Organization define a disaster as "an event that occurs in most cases suddenly and unexpectedly, causing severe disturbances to people or objects affected by it, resulting in the loss of life and harm to the health of the population, the destruction or loss of community property, and/or severe damage to the environment. After the events of 9/11, much attention has been given to the possibility of another mass casualty act of terrorism, especially with weapons of mass destruction, that include chemical, biological, nuclear, radiological, and explosive devices (CBNRE), or other forms of violence such as active shooter incidents and mass shootings (Jacobson and Severin 2012) . Antidote therapy should be given as usual for nerve agents, including atropine, diazepam, and pralidoxime chloride (United States Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, National Library of Medicine 2019; United States Department of Health and Human Services, Chemical Hazards Emergency Medical Management (CHEMM) 2019). abstract: Disasters are increasing around the world. Children are greatly impacted by both natural disasters (forces of nature) and man-made (intentional, accidental) disasters. Their unique anatomical, physiological, behavioral, developmental, and psychological vulnerabilities must be considered when planning and preparing for disasters. The nurse or health care provider (HCP) must be able to rapidly identify acutely ill children during a disaster. Whether it is during a natural or man-made event, the nurse or HCP must intervene effectively to improve survival and outcomes. It is extremely vital to understand the medical management of these children during disasters, especially the use of appropriate medical countermeasures such as medications, antidotes, supplies, and equipment. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7235629/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-43428-1_5 id: cord-348411-nrhe8aek author: Shah, Kaushal title: Impact of COVID-19 on the Mental Health of Children and Adolescents date: 2020-08-26 words: 3465.0 sentences: 165.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348411-nrhe8aek.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348411-nrhe8aek.txt summary: It is essential and obligatory for the scientific community and healthcare workers to assess and analyze the psychological impact caused by the coronavirus pandemic on children and adolescents, as several mental health disorders begin during childhood. Children exposed to stressors such as separation through isolation from their families and friends, seeing or being aware of critically ill members affected with coronavirus, or the passing of loved ones or even thinking of their own death from the virus can cause them to develop anxiety, panic attacks, depression, and other mental illnesses [11] [12] . The conducted literature search was through Medline, PubMed, PubMed Central, and Embase using the keywords, ''coronavirus,'' ''COVID-19,'' ''mental health,'' ''child and adolescent,'' ''behavioral impact,'' ''psychological conditions,'' ''quarantine,'' and ''online education.'' The indexed search aimed to identify literature and articles relevant to our focused topic. abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak was first reported in Wuhan, China, and was later reported to have spread throughout the world to create a global pandemic. As of August 18th, 2020, the coronavirus had spread to more than 216 countries with at least 21,756,357 confirmed cases, resulting in 771,635 deaths globally. Several countries declared this pandemic as a national emergency, forcing millions of people to go into lockdown. This unexpected imposed social isolation has caused enormous disruption of daily routines for the global community, especially children. Among the measures intended to reduce the spread of the virus, most schools closed, canceled classes, and moved it to home-based or online learning to encourage and adhere to social distancing guidelines. Education and learnings of 67.6% of students are impacted globally due to coronavirus in 143 countries. The transition away from physical classes has significantly disrupted the lives of students and their families, posing a potential risk to the mental well-being of children. An abrupt change in the learning environment and limited social interactions and activities posed an unusual situation for children's developing brains. It is essential and obligatory for the scientific community and healthcare workers to assess and analyze the psychological impact caused by the coronavirus pandemic on children and adolescents, as several mental health disorders begin during childhood. Countries across the globe, including the United States, are in the dilemma of determining appropriate strategies for children to minimize the psychological impact of coronavirus. The design of this review is to investigate and identify the risk factors to mental health and propose possible solutions to avoid the detrimental consequence of this crisis on the psychology of our future adult generations. url: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.10051 doi: 10.7759/cureus.10051 id: cord-338332-msjtncek author: Sharifian, Neika title: Social Relationships and Adaptation in Later Life date: 2020-09-18 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Social relations encompass a complex and dynamic set of characteristics that have been shown to distinctly affect health and quality of life across the lifespan and especially in older adulthood. In this chapter we begin with a brief review of several prominent theories of social relations. Next, we consider how social relations can be understood based on the resource they provide (e.g., contact frequency, social support), the relationship they stem from (e.g., friends, family), the strength of the tie (e.g., strong, weak) as well as the means of communication (e.g., offline, online). We briefly summarize how these characteristics have been shown to uniquely influence health and quality of life in older adulthood. Finally, we contemplate potential clinical applications, provide recommendations for the future and offer final concluding comments. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128186978000169 doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-818697-8.00016-9 id: cord-271679-94h6rcih author: Sharififar, Simintaj title: Factors affecting hospital response in biological disasters: A qualitative study date: 2020-03-16 words: 8726.0 sentences: 465.0 pages: flesch: 36.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271679-94h6rcih.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271679-94h6rcih.txt summary: Results: After analyzing 12 interviews, extraction resulted in 76 common codes, 28 subcategories, and 8 categories, which are as follow: detection; treatment and infection control; coordination, Resources; training and exercises; communication and information system; construction; and planning and assessment. The common codes derived from these subcategories are as follow: the ability to control infections during deliberate or natural biological outbreaks; the availability of preventive drugs at a predetermined time during an epidemic of communicable diseases; appropriate vaccination of people at risk; and the safety of hospitalized or outpatients patients in the outbreak of infectious diseases; and waste management. In this qualitative study, which was done using content analysis, the effective factors for hospital performance in biological emergencies in IR of Iran were identified as follow: diagnosis; treatment and control of infection; resources; coordination; training and practice; communication and information systems; construction; and planning and assessment. abstract: Background: The fatal pandemics of infectious diseases and the possibility of using microorganisms as biological weapons are both rising worldwide. Hospitals are vital organizations in response to biological disasters and have a crucial role in the treatment of patients. Despite the advances in studies about hospital planning and performance during crises, there are no internationally accepted standards for hospital preparedness and disaster response. Thus, this study was designed to explain the effective factors in hospital performance during biological disasters. Methods: Qualitative content analysis with conventional approach was used in the present study. The setting was Ministry of Health and related hospitals, and other relevant ministries responsible at the time of biologic events in Islamic Republic of Iran (IR of Iran) in 2018. Participants were experts, experienced individuals providing service in the field of biological disaster planning and response, policymakers in the Ministry of Health, and other related organizations and authorities responsible for the accreditation of hospitals in IR of Iran. Data were collected using 12 semi-structured interviews in Persian language. Analysis was performed according to Graneheim method. Results: After analyzing 12 interviews, extraction resulted in 76 common codes, 28 subcategories, and 8 categories, which are as follow: detection; treatment and infection control; coordination, Resources; training and exercises; communication and information system; construction; and planning and assessment. Conclusion: Hospital management in outbreaks of infectious diseases (intentional or unintentional) is complex and requires different actions than during natural disasters. In such disasters, readiness to respond and appropriate action is a multifaceted operation. In IR of Iran, there have been few researches in the field of hospital preparation in biologic events, and the possibility of standardized assessment has be reduced due to lack of key skills in confronting biological events. It is hoped that the aggregated factors in the 8 groups of this study can evaluate hospital performance more coherently. url: https://doi.org/10.34171/mjiri.34.21 doi: 10.34171/mjiri.34.21 id: cord-267061-e3jttmab author: Sharma, D.C. title: Fighting infodemic: Need for robust health journalism in India date: 2020-07-25 words: 2390.0 sentences: 141.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267061-e3jttmab.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267061-e3jttmab.txt summary: RESULTS: The article examines role of mass media in health communication in times of pandemic and the context of infodemic. 3, 4, 5 Media, according to Wallack, "can be a delivery mechanism for getting the right information to the right people in the right way at the right time to promote personal change." 6 That''s why all health communication and disease prevention strategies emphasise on health messaging through mass media. In several reports, the source of information was not mentioned, while in nearly all stories journalists "ignored methodology of the research and rarely discussed design flaws." A study of coverage of H1N1 outbreak in Times of India showed that the newspaper framed H1N1 as a deadly disease and its coverage presented death in such a manner as to produce fear and panic. abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Communication plays an important role in advancing public health goals as well as in greater appreciation of underlying science and public policies. It is critical at all times, be it promoting health benefits of immunisation, importance of hand hygiene or taking personal measures for prevention of non-communicable diseases. Communication assumes even greater importance in the time of emergencies like the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic. A primary vehicle for health communication is mass media like television channels, newspapers and radio channels. METHODS: An analysis of current trends shows that the messages emerging from mass media are getting further amplified and dispersed through digital outlets and social media platforms which have become immensely popular. This has also given rise to a new phenomenon called infodemic or over-abundance of information – both genuine and fake. RESULTS: The article examines role of mass media in health communication in times of pandemic and the context of infodemic. CONCLUSIONS: The analysis points to the need for improvement in health journalism to improve its quality, credibility as well as relevance in a country like India where mass media consumption is high and health literacy is low. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1871402120302873 doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.07.039 id: cord-279207-azh21npc author: Sharma, Manoj Kumar title: Mental Health Issues Mediate Social Media Use in Rumors: Implication for Media Based Mental Health Literacy date: 2020-05-07 words: 1287.0 sentences: 59.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279207-azh21npc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279207-azh21npc.txt summary: In addition, it needs to be more sensitive and responsible in reporting about public health problems like the SARS-CoV-2, and suicide where the focus is on offering information which is helpful for prevention, details the steps to take in times of the health emergency, offers expert opinions from mental health professionals, helpline numbers for support and emergency services in hospitals. The development of such guidelines are crucial as the pattern of epidemics and pandemics changes over time, but the cycle of rumors or fake news or inaccurate media reports continues to revolve around media formats and especially in social media likely due to stress, anxiety and other psychological factors of individuals which requires to be studied in greater detail. Assessing the quality of media reporting of suicide news in India against World Health Organization guidelines: a content analysis study of nine major newspapers in Tamil Nadu abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102132 doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102132 id: cord-270113-cdqhs4bg author: Sharma, Vinita title: Risk and Protective Factors for Adolescent and Young Adult Mental Health Within the Context of COVID-19: A Perspective From Nepal date: 2020-05-20 words: 978.0 sentences: 66.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270113-cdqhs4bg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270113-cdqhs4bg.txt summary: title: Risk and Protective Factors for Adolescent and Young Adult Mental Health Within the Context of COVID-19: A Perspective From Nepal The following are some COVID-19erelated mental health risk factors in Nepalese youths: (1) deficient youth mental health services funding; (2) social media use; (3) a suddenly-imposed lockdown; (4) lack of understanding of lockdown restrictions; (5) sudden work/student life changes; (6) abrupt postponement of the Secondary Education Examination (SSE); and (7) exposure to devastating earthquakes in 2015. Social media use has been correlated with negative mental health outcomes such as stress and depression [11] . Nepalese youths experienced negative post-2015-earthquake mental health outcomes, including post-traumatic stress disorder [18] . COVID-19 pandemic challenges are likely to lead to negative mental health outcomes among youths, especially in Nepal. Chronological order of events related to risk and protective factors for COVID-19erelated negative mental health outcomes among adolescents and youths in Nepal. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1054139X20301828 doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.04.006 id: cord-018316-drjfwcdg author: Shephard, Roy J. title: Building the Infrastructure and Regulations Needed for Public Health and Fitness date: 2017-09-19 words: 6246.0 sentences: 267.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-018316-drjfwcdg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-018316-drjfwcdg.txt summary: 4. To note the new challenges to public health presented by such current issues as the abuse of tobacco and mood-altering drugs, continuing toxic auto-emissions, the epidemic of HIV/AIDS, a decreased acceptance of MMR vaccinations, and the ready spread of infectious diseases by air travel. The success of urban living has depended in great part on governmental ability to maintain population health through the building of an adequate infrastructure to provide clean water and to dispose of waste, as well as the enactment of appropriate regulations to control the prevent the spread of infectious diseases. Diligent housewives adopted a few other simple changes in household management to preserve the health of their families, and Cambridge University insisted on a direct control of its food supply, The Great Plague The London "Plague" of 1665 CE was one in a series of European epidemics of bubonic plague dating back to the "Black Death." The Great Plague claimed at least 70,000 lives in central London, this being about a half of the population who had not fled from the city. abstract: 1. To recognize the importance to the maintenance of good health of adequate public health regulations and an infrastructure that provides clean water and appropriate waste management. 2. To see the lack of such amenities over many centuries, but the progressive development of public health bureaucracies dedicated to provision of an appropriate infrastructure for healthy cities, beginning during the Victorian Era. 3. To observe how responsibility for the provision of adequate housing for poorer city dwellers has been shared between government, benevolent entrepreneurs and charities. 4. To note the new challenges to public health presented by such current issues as the abuse of tobacco and mood-altering drugs, continuing toxic auto-emissions, the epidemic of HIV/AIDS, a decreased acceptance of MMR vaccinations, and the ready spread of infectious diseases by air travel. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7123162/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-65097-5_22 id: cord-266051-my2wj1uu author: Sheridan Rains, Luke title: Early impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health care and on people with mental health conditions: framework synthesis of international experiences and responses date: 2020-08-17 words: 6534.0 sentences: 293.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266051-my2wj1uu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266051-my2wj1uu.txt summary: • Effects on people with mental health problems resulting from infection control measures, including potential impacts of social isolation, and lack of access to usual supports, activities and community resources [8] . We aim to begin addressing this by searching for and summarising relevant material in the public domain early in the pandemic, including accounts published by people with relevant lived experience, practitioners, mental health organisations and policy makers, and also by journalists who have investigated experiences and perspectives of service users, carers and service providers. Our aim was to conduct a document analysis to create an initial mapping and synthesis of reports, from a number of perspectives, on the early impacts of and responses to the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health care and people with mental health conditions. abstract: PURPOSE: The COVID-19 pandemic has many potential impacts on people with mental health conditions and on mental health care, including direct consequences of infection, effects of infection control measures and subsequent societal changes. We aimed to map early impacts of the pandemic on people with pre-existing mental health conditions and services they use, and to identify individual and service-level strategies adopted to manage these. METHODS: We searched for relevant material in the public domain published before 30 April 2020, including papers in scientific and professional journals, published first person accounts, media articles, and publications by governments, charities and professional associations. Search languages were English, French, German, Italian, Spanish, and Mandarin Chinese. Relevant content was retrieved and summarised via a rapid qualitative framework synthesis approach. RESULTS: We found 872 eligible sources from 28 countries. Most documented observations and experiences rather than reporting research data. We found many reports of deteriorations in symptoms, and of impacts of loneliness and social isolation and of lack of access to services and resources, but sometimes also of resilience, effective self-management and peer support. Immediate service challenges related to controlling infection, especially in inpatient and residential settings, and establishing remote working, especially in the community. We summarise reports of swiftly implemented adaptations and innovations, but also of pressing ethical challenges and concerns for the future. CONCLUSION: Our analysis captures the range of stakeholder perspectives and experiences publicly reported in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in several countries. We identify potential foci for service planning and research. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00127-020-01924-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32804258/ doi: 10.1007/s00127-020-01924-7 id: cord-295536-dbpt4dhr author: Shook, Natalie J. title: Disease avoidance in the time of COVID-19: The behavioral immune system is associated with concern and preventative health behaviors date: 2020-08-20 words: 4592.0 sentences: 270.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295536-dbpt4dhr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295536-dbpt4dhr.txt summary: This study examined whether individual differences in BIS reactivity (germ aversion, pathogen disgust sensitivity) were associated with concern about COVID-19 and engagement in recommended preventative health behaviors (social distancing, handwashing, cleaning/disinfecting, avoiding touching face, wearing facemasks). Germ aversion and pathogen disgust sensitivity were the two variables most consistently associated with COVID-19 concern and preventative health behaviors, while accounting for demographic, health, and psychosocial covariates. In general, younger age, higher income, more populated location of residence, more recent illness, better perceived health, having/had COVID-19, greater religiosity, greater extraversion, greater conscientiousness, greater perceived infectability, greater germ aversion, and greater pathogen disgust sensitivity were associated with engaging in most (at least three) of the preventative health behaviors more frequently. When demographic, health, social, personality, and BIS variables were considered simultaneously, greater germ aversion and pathogen disgust sensitivity were most consistently associated with COVID-19 concern and preventative behaviors. abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses a serious global health threat. Without a vaccine, behavior change is the most effective means of reducing disease transmission. Identifying psychological factors that may encourage engagement in preventative health behaviors is crucial. The behavioral immune system (BIS) represents a set of psychological processes thought to promote health by encouraging disease avoidance behaviors. This study examined whether individual differences in BIS reactivity (germ aversion, pathogen disgust sensitivity) were associated with concern about COVID-19 and engagement in recommended preventative health behaviors (social distancing, handwashing, cleaning/disinfecting, avoiding touching face, wearing facemasks). From March 20 to 23, 2020, a US national sample (N = 1019) completed an online survey. Germ aversion and pathogen disgust sensitivity were the two variables most consistently associated with COVID-19 concern and preventative health behaviors, while accounting for demographic, health, and psychosocial covariates. Findings have implications for the development of interventions intended to increase preventative health behaviors. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238015 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238015 id: cord-307038-c58mzcu9 author: Shukla, Nagesh title: A Review of Models Used for Investigating Barriers to Healthcare Access in Australia date: 2020-06-08 words: 8790.0 sentences: 427.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307038-c58mzcu9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307038-c58mzcu9.txt summary: This review study is an attempt to understand the various modeling approaches used by researchers to analyze diverse barriers related to specific disease types and the various areal distributions in the country. The study introduced a multilevel approach to assess area-level variation in colorectal cancer survival due to causative factors (disease stage, comorbidity, patient characteristics and healthcare access) and analyze their individual contribution to survival. Most of the studies used the line-of-sight method to measure distances to dental care instead of determining travel time as they focused on metropolitan regions with a focus on using geospatial tools to identify accessibility [13, 16] . Current research practice is lacking in various domains ranging from spatial accessibility techniques to the consideration of patient characteristics and the analysis of different disease types as well as studies concerning only rural/remote areas. abstract: Understanding barriers to healthcare access is a multifaceted challenge, which is often highly diverse depending on location and the prevalent surroundings. The barriers can range from transport accessibility to socio-economic conditions, ethnicity and various patient characteristics. Australia has one of the best healthcare systems in the world; however, there are several concerns surrounding its accessibility, primarily due to the vast geographical area it encompasses. This review study is an attempt to understand the various modeling approaches used by researchers to analyze diverse barriers related to specific disease types and the various areal distributions in the country. In terms of barriers, the most affected people are those living in rural and remote parts, and the situation is even worse for indigenous people. These models have mostly focused on the use of statistical models and spatial modeling. The review reveals that most of the focus has been on cancer-related studies and understanding accessibility among the rural and urban population. Future work should focus on further categorizing the population based on indigeneity, migration status and the use of advanced computational models. This article should not be considered an exhaustive review of every aspect as each section deserves a separate review of its own. However, it highlights all the key points, covered under several facets which can be used by researchers and policymakers to understand the current limitations and the steps that need to be taken to improve health accessibility. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32521710/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17114087 id: cord-348717-qgny6f6y author: Shumba, Constance title: Reorienting Nurturing Care for Early Childhood Development during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Kenya: A Review date: 2020-09-25 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: In Kenya, millions of children have limited access to nurturing care. With the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, it is anticipated that vulnerable children will bear the biggest brunt of the direct and indirect impacts of the pandemic. This review aimed to deepen understanding of the effects of COVID-19 on nurturing care from conception to four years of age, a period where the care of children is often delivered through caregivers or other informal platforms. The review has drawn upon the empirical evidence from previous pandemics and epidemics, and anecdotal and emerging evidence from the ongoing COVID-19 crisis. Multifactorial impacts fall into five key domains: direct health; health and nutrition systems; economic protection; social and child protection; and child development and early learning. The review proposes program and policy strategies to guide the reorientation of nurturing care, prevent the detrimental effects associated with deteriorating nurturing care environments, and support the optimal development of the youngest and most vulnerable children. These include the provision of cash transfers and essential supplies for vulnerable households and strengthening of community-based platforms for nurturing care. Further research on COVID-19 and the ability of children’s ecology to provide nurturing care is needed, as is further testing of new ideas. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32992966/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17197028 id: cord-299352-9pcb2enl author: Siedner, Mark J. title: Strengthening the Detection of and Early Response to Public Health Emergencies: Lessons from the West African Ebola Epidemic date: 2015-03-24 words: 3432.0 sentences: 155.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299352-9pcb2enl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299352-9pcb2enl.txt summary: • Strategies to consider include development of a more precise system to risk stratify geographic settings susceptible to disease outbreaks, reconsideration of the 2005 International Health Regulations Criteria to allow for earlier responses to localized epidemics before they reach epidemic proportions, increasing the flexibility of the World Health Organization director general to characterize epidemics with more granularity, development of guidelines for best practices to promote partnership with local stakeholders and identify locally acceptable response strategies, and, most importantly, making good on international commitments to establish a fund for public health emergency preparedness and response. An International Health Systems fund, through a sustained investment by global partners, would provide much needed preparedness in future cases of outbreaks in LMICs, where local resources are not capable of controlling epidemics [22] . abstract: Mark Siedner and colleagues reflect on the early response to the Ebola epidemic and lessons that can be learned for future epidemics. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001804 doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001804 id: cord-276758-k2imddzr author: Siegel, Jane D. title: 2007 Guideline for Isolation Precautions: Preventing Transmission of Infectious Agents in Health Care Settings date: 2007-12-07 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18068815/ doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2007.10.007 id: cord-296226-ugeupo3u author: Sim, Shuzhen title: A greener vision for vector control: The example of the Singapore dengue control programme date: 2020-08-27 words: 6870.0 sentences: 316.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296226-ugeupo3u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296226-ugeupo3u.txt summary: Aedes-borne diseases, in particular, including dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever, and Zika, are increasing at an alarming rate due to urbanisation, population movement, weak vector control programmes, and climate change. The environmental management put in place to implement this high standard of public cleanliness has greatly benefited Singapore''s efforts to tackle VBDs. Underscoring the view that Aedes-borne diseases are environmental diseases, dengue control in Singapore is led by the National Environment Agency (NEA), a statutory board of the Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources (MEWR). In view of the importance of infrastructure maintenance and design, environmental sanitation, people''s behaviours, and use of technologies on dengue prevention, the NEA collaborates closely with other government ministries (e.g., Health, National Development, Education, Finance), town councils (responsible for management and maintenance of the common property of public housing estates, including vector control), community associations, research and academic institutions, and the private sector (Fig 2) . abstract: Vector-borne diseases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Aedes-borne diseases, in particular, including dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever, and Zika, are increasing at an alarming rate due to urbanisation, population movement, weak vector control programmes, and climate change. The World Health Organization calls for strengthening of vector control programmes in line with the Global Vector Control Response (GVCR) strategy, and many vector control programmes are transitioning to this new approach. The Singapore dengue control programme, situated within the country’s larger vision of a clean, green, and sustainable environment for the health and well-being of its citizens, provides an excellent example of the GVCR approach in action. Since establishing vector control operations in the 1960s, the Singapore dengue control programme succeeded in reducing the dengue force of infection 10-fold by the 1990s and has maintained it at low levels ever since. Key to this success is consideration of dengue as an environmental disease, with a strong focus on source reduction and other environmental management methods as the dominant vector control strategy. The programme collaborates closely with other government ministries, as well as town councils, communities, the private sector, and academic and research institutions. Community engagement programmes encourage source reduction, and house-to-house inspections accompanied by a strong legislative framework with monetary penalties help to support compliance. Strong vector and epidemiological surveillance means that routine control activities can be heightened to specifically target dengue clusters. Despite its success, the programme continues to innovate to tackle challenges such as climate change, low herd immunity, and manpower constraints. Initiatives include development of novel vector controls such as Wolbachia-infected males and spatiotemporal models for dengue risk assessment. Lessons learnt from the Singapore programme can be applied to other settings, even those less well-resourced than Singapore, for more effective vector control. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32853197/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008428 id: cord-280663-p48teh4a author: Simms, A title: The impact of having inadequate safety equipment on mental health date: 2020-05-25 words: 1175.0 sentences: 73.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280663-p48teh4a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280663-p48teh4a.txt summary: AIMS: To assess the impact of inadequate safety equipment on the mental health of service personnel deployed on operations in order to better understand the impact on those working under the similarly demanding conditions of the COVID-19 medical response. Analysis found significantly greater odds of reporting symptoms of common mental health disorders (CMD), 2.49 (2.03–3.06), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 2.99 (2.11–4.24), poorer global health 2.09 (1.62–2.70) and emotional problems 1.69 (1.38–2.06) when individuals reported working with inadequate equipment. This study found significant associations between the perception of having inadequate equipment and poorer mental health in personnel operating in an arduous environment, a situation similar to the current COVID-19 response given the tangible threat, persistent pressure and uncomfortable working conditions. • Work-related stress is associated with presenteeism, poorer mental health and increased staff turnover. • The perception of having inadequate equipment has a significant association with poorer mental health within personnel working in demanding environments. abstract: BACKGROUND: Concerns are being raised about the impact of inadequate safety equipment on the mental health of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 medical response. AIMS: To assess the impact of inadequate safety equipment on the mental health of service personnel deployed on operations in order to better understand the impact on those working under the similarly demanding conditions of the COVID-19 medical response. METHODS: Self-report surveys were conducted in four operational environments with 3435 personnel providing data. Surveys recorded data on socio-demographic, military and operational characteristics, mental health measures and specific occupational stressors. Analysis through logistic regression explored the association between inadequate equipment and all other factors. RESULTS: A total of 3401 personnel provided data on their perceptions of the adequacy of their equipment, of which 532 (15%) stated that they had a lot of concerns that they did not have the right equipment in working order. Analysis found significantly greater odds of reporting symptoms of common mental health disorders (CMD), 2.49 (2.03–3.06), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 2.99 (2.11–4.24), poorer global health 2.09 (1.62–2.70) and emotional problems 1.69 (1.38–2.06) when individuals reported working with inadequate equipment. Analyses remained significant when adjusted for confounding factors such as rank, sex and operational environment. CONCLUSIONS: An individual’s perception of having inadequate equipment is significantly associated with symptoms of CMD, probable PTSD, poorer global health and increased reporting of emotional problems. This in turn may impact on their ability to safely carry out their duties and may have longer-term mental health consequences. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqaa101 doi: 10.1093/occmed/kqaa101 id: cord-327976-pwe95zoi author: Singh, Dr Shweta title: Impact of COVID-19 and Lockdown on Mental Health of Children and Adolescents: A Narrative Review with Recommendations. date: 2020-08-24 words: 5022.0 sentences: 268.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327976-pwe95zoi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327976-pwe95zoi.txt summary: This paper is aimed at reviewing articles related to mental-health aspects of children and adolescents impacted by COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns. Aims: This paper is aimed at narratively reviewing various articles related to mental-health aspects of children and adolescents impacted by COVID-19 pandemic and enforcement of nationwide or regional lockdowns to prevent further spread of infection. Aims: This paper is aimed at narratively reviewing various articles related to mental-health aspects of children and adolescents impacted by COVID-19 pandemic and enforcement of nationwide or regional lockdowns to prevent further spread of infection. The following sections discuss about findings of studies on mental-health aspects of children and adolescents impacted by COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns being implemented at national or regional levels to prevent further spread of infection. Recommendations for ensuring mental well-being of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown and the role of parents, teachers, pediatricians, community volunteers, the health system and policy makers are being discussed. abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown has brought about a sense of fear and anxiety around the globe. This phenomenon has led to short term as well as long term psychosocial and mental health implications for children and adolescents. The quality and magnitude of impact on minors is determined by many vulnerability factors like developmental age, educational status, pre-existing mental health condition, being economically underprivileged or being quarantined due to infection or fear of infection. AIMS: This paper is aimed at narratively reviewing various articles related to mental-health aspects of children and adolescents impacted by COVID-19 pandemic and enforcement of nationwide or regional lockdowns to prevent further spread of infection. METHODOLOGY: We conducted a review and collected articles and advisories on mental health aspects of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. We selected articles and thematically organized them. We put up their major findings under the thematic areas of impact on young children, school and college going students, children and adolescents with mental health challenges, economically underprivileged children, impact due to quarantine and separation from parents and the advisories of international organizations. We have also provided recommendations to the above. CONCLUSION: There is a pressing need for planning longitudinal and developmental studies, and implementing evidence based elaborative plan of action to cater to the psycho social and mental health needs of the vulnerable children and adolescents during pandemic as well as post pandemic. There is a need to ameliorate children and adolescents’ access to mental health support services geared towards providing measures for developing healthy coping mechanisms during the current crisis. For this innovative child and adolescent mental health policies policies with direct and digital collaborative networks of psychiatrists, psychologists, paediatricians, and community volunteers are deemed necessary. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S016517812031725X doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113429 id: cord-335839-wgdqu1s1 author: Singh, Meharban title: Pediatrics in 21(st) Century and Beyond date: 2016-08-10 words: 4423.0 sentences: 218.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335839-wgdqu1s1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335839-wgdqu1s1.txt summary: Availability of totipotent stem cells and developments in transplant technology are likely to revolutionize the management of a variety of hematologic cancers and life-threatening genetic disorders. Availability of totipotent stem cells and developments in transplant technology are likely to revolutionize the management of a variety of hematologic cancers and life-threatening genetic disorders. The availability of newer vaccines by recombinant technology for emerging infective and for non-infective lifestyle diseases is likely to improve survival and quality of life. The availability of newer vaccines by recombinant technology for emerging infective and for non-infective lifestyle diseases is likely to improve survival and quality of life. There is going to be a greater focus on the Bpatient^having the disease rather than Bdisease^per se by practicing holistic pediatrics by effective utilization of alternative or complementary strategies for health care. The concept of functional foods is being increasingly exploited to prevent illness, promote health and improve quality of life. abstract: Pediatrics is a dynamic discipline and there is awareness and hope for actualizing outstanding achievements in the field of child health in 21(st) century and beyond. Improved lifestyle and quality of children’s health is likely to reduce the burden of adult diseases and enhance longevity because seeds of most adult diseases are sown in childhood. Identification and decoding of human genome is expected to revolutionize the practice of pediatrics. The day is not far off when a patient will walk into doctor’s chamber with an electronic or digital health history on a CD or palmtop and a decoded genomic constitution. There will be reduced burden of genetic diseases because of selective abortions of “defective” fetuses and replacement of “bad” genes with “good” ones by genetic engineering. Availability of totipotent stem cells and developments in transplant technology are likely to revolutionize the management of a variety of hematologic cancers and life-threatening genetic disorders. The possibility of producing flawless designer babies by advances in assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) is likely to be mired by several ethical and legal issues. The availability of newer vaccines by recombinant technology for emerging infective and for non-infective lifestyle diseases is likely to improve survival and quality of life. There is going to be a greater focus on the “patient” having the disease rather than “disease” per se by practicing holistic pediatrics by effective utilization of alternative or complementary strategies for health care. Due to advances in technology, pediatrics may get further dehumanized. A true healer cannot simply rely on technology; there must be a spiritual bond between the patient and the physician by exploiting the concept of psycho-neuro-immunology and body-mind interactions. In the years to come, physicians are likely to play “god” but medicine can’t achieve immortality because anything born must die in accordance with nature’s recycling blueprint. The medical science is likely to improve longevity but our goal should be to improve the quality of life. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27510612/ doi: 10.1007/s12098-016-2206-z id: cord-284519-cufyqv7h author: Singu, Sravani title: Impact of Social Determinants of Health on the Emerging COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States date: 2020-07-21 words: 7910.0 sentences: 425.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284519-cufyqv7h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284519-cufyqv7h.txt summary: Studying the social determinants of health (SDOH), and how they impact disadvantaged populations during times of crisis, will help governments to better manage health emergencies so that every individual has equal opportunity to staying healthy. The CDC confirmed that individuals with preexisting diagnoses of asthma, cardiovascular (CVD), hypertension, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and/or are elderly, immunocompromised, or obese have higher risk of severe illness from COVID-19 (4) . For example, education level of an individual can impact his or her occupation, which determines economic stability and income level, which can impact the type of healthcare the individual is eligible for and what neighborhood the individual lives in, which then impacts the social and community context the individual is surrounded by and those factors played important role in current COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, health literacy was played a major role in whether an individual understands a health emergency situation, such as COVID-19 pandemic, and whether he or she will follow recommendations, such as social distancing. abstract: A novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) caused a global pandemic in the months following the first four cases reported in Wuhan, China, on December 29, 2019. The elderly, immunocompromised, and those with preexisting conditions—such as asthma, cardiovascular disease (CVD), hypertension, chronic kidney disease (CKD), or obesity—experience higher risk of becoming severely ill if infected with the virus. Systemic social inequality and discrepancies in socioeconomic status (SES) contribute to higher incidence of asthma, CVD, hypertension, CKD, and obesity in segments of the general population. Such preexisting conditions bring heightened risk of complications for individuals who contract the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) from the virus (2019-nCoV)—also known as “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2” (SARS-CoV-2). In order to help vulnerable groups during times of a health emergency, focus must be placed at the root of the problem. Studying the social determinants of health (SDOH), and how they impact disadvantaged populations during times of crisis, will help governments to better manage health emergencies so that every individual has equal opportunity to staying healthy. This review summarizes the impact of social determinants of health (SDOH) during the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32793544/ doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00406 id: cord-327504-4kf9mgy8 author: Sklar, David P. title: COVID-19: Lessons From the Disaster That Can Improve Health Professions Education date: 2020-06-22 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: COVID-19 has disrupted every aspect of the U.S. health care and health professions education systems, creating anxiety, suffering, and chaos and exposing many of the flaws in the nation’s public health, medical education, and political systems. The pandemic has starkly revealed the need for a better public health infrastructure and a health system with incentives for population health and prevention of disease as well as outstanding personalized curative health. It has also provided opportunities for innovations in health care and has inspired courageous actions of residents, who have responded to the needs of their patients despite risk to themselves. In this Invited Commentary, the author shares lessons he learned from 3 earlier disasters and discusses needed changes in medical education, health care, and health policy that the COVID-19 pandemic has revealed. He encourages health professions educators to use the experiences of this pandemic to reexamine the current curricular emphasis on the bioscientific model of health and to broaden the educational approach to incorporate the behavioral, social, and environmental factors that influence health. Surveillance for disease, investment in disease and injury prevention, and disaster planning should be basic elements of health professions education. Incorporating innovations such as telemedicine, used under duress during the pandemic, could alter educational and clinical approaches to create something better for students, residents, and patients. He explains that journals such as Academic Medicine can provide rapid, curated, expert advice that can be an important counterweight to the misinformation that circulates during disasters. Such journals can also inform their readers about new training in skills needed to mitigate the ongoing effects of the disaster and prepare the workforce for future disasters. url: https://doi.org/10.1097/acm.0000000000003547 doi: 10.1097/acm.0000000000003547 id: cord-285379-ljg475sj author: Slotwiner, David J. title: Digital Health in Electrophysiology and the COVID-19 Global Pandemic date: 2020-10-03 words: 3218.0 sentences: 132.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-285379-ljg475sj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-285379-ljg475sj.txt summary: The tools of digital health are facilitating a much needed paradigm shift to a more patient-centric health care delivery system, yet our healthcare infrastructure is firmly rooted in a 20 th Century model which was not designed to receive medical data from outside the traditional medical environment. The tools of digital health are facilitating a much needed paradigm shift to a more patient-centric health care delivery system, yet our healthcare infrastructure is firmly rooted in a 20 th Century model which was not designed to receive medical data from outside the traditional medical environment. In this article, we describe the present state of heart rhythm digital health tools highlighting some of the effects of J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f the COVID-19 pandemic and propose ways to develop innovative workflows and technological solutions that will make it possible for practices to efficiently process and manage information. abstract: The tools of digital health are facilitating a much needed paradigm shift to a more patient-centric health care delivery system, yet our healthcare infrastructure is firmly rooted in a 20(th) Century model which was not designed to receive medical data from outside the traditional medical environment. COVID-19 has accelerated this adoption and illustrated the challenges that lie ahead as we make this shift. The diverse ecosystem of digital health tools share one feature in common: they generate data which must be processed, triaged, acted upon and incorporated into the longitudinal electronic health record. Critical abnormal findings must be identified and acted upon rapidly, while semi-urgent and non-critical data and trends may be reviewed within a less urgent timeline. Clinically irrelevant findings, which presently comprise a significant percentage of the alerts, ideally would be removed to optimize the high cost, high value resource; i.e., the clinicians’ attention and time. We need to transform our established health care infrastructure, technologies and workflows to be able to safely, effectively and efficiently manage the vast quantities of data that these tools will generate. This must include both new technologies from industry as well as expert consensus documents from medical specialty societies including the Heart Rhythm Society. Ultimately, research will be fundamental to inform effective development and implementation of these tools. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33043310/ doi: 10.1016/j.hroo.2020.09.003 id: cord-321548-9f77ksxi author: Smith, David Barton title: The Pandemic Challenge: End Separate and Unequal Healthcare date: 2020-04-17 words: 1176.0 sentences: 79.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321548-9f77ksxi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321548-9f77ksxi.txt summary: As the only developed nation that has failed to provide such protection and where a growing population of 27.9 million are uninsured and roughly an equal number have inadequate coverage that still makes essential care unaffordable, we face greater risks. The American Association of Labor Legislation (AALL) during World War I sponsored state legislation to provide health care to industrial workers supported by matching funds from the state, the employers and the employees that had the muted support of organized medicine''s national leadership. 11 The Clinton Health Security Act of 1994, relying heavily on HMO contracting in the face of rising opposition to such arrangements from those with private insurance never had a chance. Perhaps this can lead organized medicine, a century long laggard in promoting universal care, to finally question the hollow rhetoric that has supported the status quo of Jim Crow healthcare. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjms.2020.04.011 doi: 10.1016/j.amjms.2020.04.011 id: cord-319672-su0uibmi author: Smith, Maxwell J. title: Ebola and Learning Lessons from Moral Failures: Who Cares about Ethics? date: 2015-10-17 words: 6934.0 sentences: 326.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-319672-su0uibmi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319672-su0uibmi.txt summary: In this article we argue that, despite not being recognized as such, the vast majority of lessons proffered in this literature should be understood as ethical lessons stemming from moral failures, and that any improvements in future global public health emergency preparedness and response are in large part dependent on acknowledging this fact and adjusting priorities, policies and practices accordingly such that they align with values that better ensure these moral failures are not repeated and that new moral failures do not arise. In this article we argue that, despite not being recognized as such, the vast majority of lessons proffered in this literature should be understood as ethical lessons stemming from moral failures, and that any improvements in future global public health emergency preparedness and response are in large part dependent on acknowledging this fact and adjusting priorities, policies and practices accordingly such that they align with values that better ensure these moral failures are not repeated and that new moral failures do not arise. abstract: The exercise of identifying lessons in the aftermath of a major public health emergency is of immense importance for the improvement of global public health emergency preparedness and response. Despite the persistence of the Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak in West Africa, it seems that the Ebola ‘lessons learned’ exercise is now in full swing. On our assessment, a significant shortcoming plagues recent articulations of lessons learned, particularly among those emerging from organizational reflections. In this article we argue that, despite not being recognized as such, the vast majority of lessons proffered in this literature should be understood as ethical lessons stemming from moral failures, and that any improvements in future global public health emergency preparedness and response are in large part dependent on acknowledging this fact and adjusting priorities, policies and practices accordingly such that they align with values that better ensure these moral failures are not repeated and that new moral failures do not arise. We cannot continue to fiddle at the margins without critically reflecting on our repeated moral failings and committing ourselves to a set of values that engenders an approach to global public health emergencies that embodies a sense of solidarity and global justice. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/phe/phv028 doi: 10.1093/phe/phv028 id: cord-263438-9ra94uda author: Snowden, Frank M. title: Emerging and reemerging diseases: a historical perspective date: 2008-09-19 words: 14393.0 sentences: 608.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263438-9ra94uda.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263438-9ra94uda.txt summary: Experience with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, the return of cholera to the Americas in 1991, the plague outbreak in India in 1994, and the emergence of Ebola in Zaire in 1995 created awareness of a new vulnerability to epidemics due to population growth, unplanned urbanization, antimicrobial resistance, poverty, societal change, and rapid mass movement of people. The United States and the World Health Organization took devised rapid response systems to monitor and contain disease outbreaks and to develop new weapons against microbes. In 1996, in addition, President Bill Clinton (28) issued a fact sheet entitled ''Addressing the Threat of Emerging Infectious Diseases'' in which he declared them ''one of the most significant health and security challenges facing the global community.'' There were also highly visible hearings on emerging infections in the US Congress (29) . The Rand Corporation intelligence report The Global Threat of New and Reemerging Infectious Diseases: Reconciling U.S. National Security and Public Health Policy (53) had two leading themes. abstract: Summary: Between mid‐century and 1992, there was a consensus that the battle against infectious diseases had been won, and the Surgeon General announced that it was time to close the book. Experience with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, the return of cholera to the Americas in 1991, the plague outbreak in India in 1994, and the emergence of Ebola in Zaire in 1995 created awareness of a new vulnerability to epidemics due to population growth, unplanned urbanization, antimicrobial resistance, poverty, societal change, and rapid mass movement of people. The increasing virulence of dengue fever with dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome disproved the theory of the evolution toward commensalism, and the discovery of the microbial origins of peptic ulcer demonstrated the reach of infectious diseases. The Institute of Medicine coined the term ‘emerging and reemerging diseases’ to explain that the world had entered an era in which the vulnerability to epidemics in the United States and globally was greater than ever. The United States and the World Health Organization took devised rapid response systems to monitor and contain disease outbreaks and to develop new weapons against microbes. These mechanisms were tested by severe acute respiratory syndrome in 2003, and a series of practical and conceptual blind spots in preparedness were revealed. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18837773/ doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2008.00677.x id: cord-306865-36v9f1yz author: Sobers-Grannum, Natasha title: Response to the challenges of pandemic H1N1 in a small island state: the Barbadian experience date: 2010-12-03 words: 3937.0 sentences: 178.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306865-36v9f1yz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306865-36v9f1yz.txt summary: BACKGROUND: Having been overwhelmed by the complexity of the response needed for the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic, public health professionals in the small island state of Barbados put various measures in place to improve its response in the event of a pandemic METHODS: Data for this study was collected using Barbados'' National Influenza Surveillance System, which was revitalized in 2007. Data for this study was collected using Barbados'' National Infl uenza Surveillance System which is comprised of ten sentinel sites, responsible for sending weekly notifi cations to the Ministry of Health of ARI and SARI. In April 2009, after the announcement by the WHO that the world had entered pandemic phase fi ve, an enhanced testing strategy was introduced and all primary health care facilities, both private and public, were asked to take nasopharyngeal swabs from all persons who presented with fever (>38ºC) with respiratory symptoms and a travel history to an aff ected area. abstract: BACKGROUND: Having been overwhelmed by the complexity of the response needed for the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic, public health professionals in the small island state of Barbados put various measures in place to improve its response in the event of a pandemic METHODS: Data for this study was collected using Barbados’ National Influenza Surveillance System, which was revitalized in 2007. It is comprised of ten sentinel sites which send weekly notifications of acute respiratory illness (ARI) and severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) to the Office of the National Epidemiologist. During the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, meetings of the National Pandemic Planning Committee and the Technical Command Committee were convened. The pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) implemented as a result of these meetings form the basis of the results presented in this paper. RESULTS: On June 3, 2009, Barbados reported its first case of 2009 H1N1. From June until October 2009, there were 155 laboratory confirmed cases of 2009 H1N1, with one additional case occurring in January 2010. For the outbreak period (June-October 2009), the surveillance team received reports of 2,483 ARI cases, compared to 412 cases for the same period in 2008. The total hospitalization rate due to SARIs for the year 2009 was 90.1 per 100,000 people, as compared to 7.3 per 100,000 people for 2008. Barbados’ pandemic response was characterized by a strong surveillance system combining active and passive surveillance, good risk communication strategy, a strengthened public and private sector partnership, and effective regional and international collaborations. Community restriction strategies such as school and workplace closures and cancellation of group events were not utilized as public health measures to delay the spread of the virus. Some health care facilities struggled with providing adequate isolation facilities. CONCLUSIONS: The number of confirmed cases was small but the significant surge in ARI and SARI cases indicate that the impact of the virus on the island was moderate. As a result of 2009 H1N1, virological surveillance has improved significantly and local, regional and international partnerships have been strengthened. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-10-s1-s10 doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-s1-s10 id: cord-334705-vclkuink author: Sokas, Claire M. title: Is social distancing keeping patients from the ED?() date: 2020-07-16 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32712237/ doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.07.025 id: cord-025682-b5x2x93f author: Soleimanpour, Samira title: School-Based Health Centers: At the Intersection of Health and Education date: 2020-05-30 words: 1155.0 sentences: 57.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-025682-b5x2x93f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-025682-b5x2x93f.txt summary: School-Based Health Centers: At the Intersection of Health and Education School-based health centers (SBHCs) have emerged over the last 50 years as a cost-effective service delivery model that improves health care access and outcomes for youth, particularly those in underserved communities [1, 2] . In fact, minority youth have been found to use SBHC services more frequently than other community health delivery sites, particularly mental health care [5] . These youth also have disproportionate academic experiences [6] because of structural inequalities that are far beyond the scope of what SBHC services can influence, which makes the burden of demonstrating impacts on educational success, in addition to health outcomes, an even greater challenge. Impact of school-based health center use on academic outcomes The influence of school-based health center access on high school graduation: Evidence from Colorado abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7261217/ doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.05.009 id: cord-035044-duzoa2v7 author: Sondermann, Elena title: The threat of thinking in threats: reframing global health during and after COVID-19 date: 2020-11-09 words: 4640.0 sentences: 226.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-035044-duzoa2v7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-035044-duzoa2v7.txt summary: In this contribution, we critically engage with existing narratives of global health security and show how the logic of exceptionalism is limiting the current responses to the pandemic. Through the linkage of health to "security against threats" the narrative of health security operates with a logic of exceptionalism: (external, also distant) health issues (i.e. infectious diseases) are perceived as positing severe or extraordinary danger to the physical well-being of individuals or entire societies, a threat to the normal (economic, cultural, financial) way of life in a country. This narrative of securing against infectious diseases is inherent to mainstream framing of health security and has provided the context and repertoire for emplotment regarding the Coronavirus pandemic. COVID-19 is a prime example of how the logic of exceptionalism is shaping and limiting the K The threat of thinking in threats: reframing global health during and after responses to it: The range of policy choices is still primarily focused on emergency measures (see Fig. 3 ). abstract: Narratives and metaphors shape how actors perceive the world around them and how policymakers frame the range of policy choices they think of as feasible. The metaphor of war and the narrative of how to tackle the unprecedented threat of COVID-19 are effective mechanisms to convey urgency. However, they also bear serious implications: Thinking in terms of health threats works with a logic of exceptionalism, which supports images of “us” vs. an “enemy” thereby shortening complex lines of causality and responsibility and privileging national answers. It fails to provide for a normative framework for drafting long-term systemic approaches. In this contribution, we critically engage with existing narratives of global health security and show how the logic of exceptionalism is limiting the current responses to the pandemic. We conceptualize an alternative narrative that is based on the logic of solidarity and argue that within this alternative framing a more sustainable and ultimately more just way of coping with infectious diseases will be possible. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7650575/ doi: 10.1007/s42597-020-00049-7 id: cord-297205-eoqpfa4k author: Sonenthal, Paul D title: COVID-19 preparedness in Malawi: a national facility-based critical care assessment date: 2020-05-25 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/s2214-109x(20)30250-3 doi: 10.1016/s2214-109x(20)30250-3 id: cord-273785-mxehiuq1 author: Soofi, Moslem title: Using Insights from Behavioral Economics to Mitigate the Spread of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-21 words: 3381.0 sentences: 159.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273785-mxehiuq1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273785-mxehiuq1.txt summary: Public health policy needs improved methods to encourage people to adhere to COVID-19-preventive behaviors. While multiple biases are identified in the field of behavioral economics, in this paper we focus on six that tend to be particularly relevant to COVID-19-related behaviors: present bias, status quo bias, framing effect, optimism bias, affect heuristic, and herding behavior. It seems that health messages intended to encourage people to engage in COVID-19-preventive behaviors (e.g., social distancing) should be framed in terms of gains, such as "If you wash your hands properly/ follow social distancing policy/adhere to the stay-at-home policy, you will increase the chances of yourself and your family having a long, healthy life." This paper can improve our understanding of the decision-making biases that can be applied as entry points in public health policies and interventions for the prevention of COVID-19. abstract: The outbreak of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become a public health emergency of international concern. The number of COVID-infected individuals and related deaths continues to rise rapidly. Encouraging people to adopt and sustain preventive behaviors is a central focus of public health policies that seek to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. Public health policy needs improved methods to encourage people to adhere to COVID-19-preventive behaviors. In this paper, we introduce a number of insights from behavioral economics that help explain why people may behave irrationally during the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, present bias, status quo bias, framing effect, optimism bias, affect heuristic, and herding behavior are discussed. We hope this paper will shed light on how insights from behavioral economics can enrich public health policies and interventions in the fight against COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40258-020-00595-4 doi: 10.1007/s40258-020-00595-4 id: cord-030771-0x0d56fb author: Sorenson, Corinna title: Building A Better Health Care System Post-Covid-19: Steps for Reducing Low-Value and Wasteful Care date: 2020-08-21 words: 2813.0 sentences: 141.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-030771-0x0d56fb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-030771-0x0d56fb.txt summary: The upheaval in the provision of routine health care caused by the Covid-19 pandemic offers an unprecedented opportunity to reduce low-value care significantly with concurrent efforts from providers and health systems, payers, policymakers, employers, and patients. The coming months offer a unique and critical window for providers and health systems, and the stakeholders who support and interact with them, to take short-and long-term steps to reduce waste and build a better system that prioritizes high-quality, high-value care. • Code sets or specifications to measure a range of low-value care services in Medicare, Medicaid, and commercial claims data Leveraging alternative care pathways and care sites, such as telehealth, home-based care, and community-based care, can also help keep patients out of the ED and provide alternatives to lowvalue and wasteful care. Policymakers should create opportunities for providers, health systems, and payers to pilot innovative models that reduce low-value care and reflect the new Covid-19 reality, integrating telehealth and a wider range of health care professionals. abstract: The upheaval in the provision of routine health care caused by the Covid-19 pandemic offers an unprecedented opportunity to reduce low-value care significantly with concurrent efforts from providers and health systems, payers, policymakers, employers, and patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7442284/ doi: 10.1056/cat.20.0368 id: cord-320542-ihsr7bhp author: Spanemberg, Juliana Cassol title: The impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the teaching of dentistry in Brazil date: 2020-08-19 words: 1875.0 sentences: 94.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320542-ihsr7bhp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320542-ihsr7bhp.txt summary: Then, the Ministry of Education authorized the replacement of on-going classroom subjects for remote classes in undergraduate courses using information and communication technology platforms. In view of these uncertainties, the organization of commissions of teachers, dental class councils, and the Brazilian Dental Education Association (ABENO), thought of a safe way for students and professors to return to undergraduate and graduate courses in Dentistry. Thus, as professionals of dental teaching institutions, we must be aware of new education models and new VR simulation technologies and consider them as a useful and complementary tool for our students, given the current world pandemic situation and future illnesses that may arise. Its effective and safe use for both students and patients is possibly one of the many changes that will allow remote learning during the COVID-19 pandemic and in the years that follow this event. Use of dentistry education web resources during pandemic COVID-19 abstract: A new disease called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐COV‐2) virus, was discovered in the city of Wuhan in China in December 2019, and has reached, quickly and progressively, several countries on different continents. Even before the World Health Organization recognized the COVID‐19 epidemic as a pandemic, the Brazilian Ministry of Health had already declared COVID‐19 a national public health emergency due to the confirmation of cases in Brazil. In this scenario, the educational sector was one of the first to suffer the effects of the pandemic soon after the announcement of social distancing as a way to prevent the collapse of the Unified Health System. The aim of this paper is to report how Brazilians dental schools are leading with the new coronavirus pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32813876/ doi: 10.1002/jdd.12364 id: cord-322511-hnvqvajx author: Speerin, Robyn title: Implementing models of care for musculoskeletal conditions in health systems to support value-based care date: 2020-07-25 words: 9092.0 sentences: 400.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322511-hnvqvajx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322511-hnvqvajx.txt summary: MoCs can support the quadruple aim of value-based care through providing people with musculoskeletal disease improved access to health services, better health outcomes and satisfactory experience of their healthcare; ensure the health professionals involved are experiencing satisfaction in delivering such care and health system resources are better utilised. MoCs can support the quadruple aim of value-based care through providing people with musculoskeletal disease improved access to health services, better health outcomes and satisfactory experience of their healthcare; ensure the health professionals involved are experiencing satisfaction in delivering such care and health system resources are better utilised. Implementing models of care to support value-based care When MoCs are developed as described in this paper and a quality improvement cycle is used, such as an established framework for evaluation [18] , they can provide clear evidence for health systems and policy-makers when making decisions regarding equitable use of resources that will optimise health system outcomes across the quadruple aim for value-based care. abstract: Models of Care (MoCs), and their local Models of Service Delivery, for people with musculoskeletal conditions are becoming an acceptable way of supporting effective implementation of value-based care. MoCs can support the quadruple aim of value-based care through providing people with musculoskeletal disease improved access to health services, better health outcomes and satisfactory experience of their healthcare; ensure the health professionals involved are experiencing satisfaction in delivering such care and health system resources are better utilised. Implementation of MoCs is relevant at the levels of clinical practice (micro), service delivery organisations (meso) and health system (macro) levels. The development, implementation and evaluation of MoCs has evolved over the last decade to more purposively engage people with lived experience of their condition, to operationalise the Chronic Care Model and to employ innovative solutions. This paper explores how MoCs have evolved and are supporting the delivery of value-based care in health systems. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1521694220300656 doi: 10.1016/j.berh.2020.101548 id: cord-258316-uiusqr59 author: Spil, Ton A.M. title: Are serious games too serious? Diffusion of wearable technologies and the creation of a diffusion of serious games model date: 2020-08-18 words: 7512.0 sentences: 401.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258316-uiusqr59.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258316-uiusqr59.txt summary: A key theoretical contribution of this research is the identification of habit as a potential dependent variable for the intention to use wearables and the development of a diffusion model for serious games. We question the actual adoption and effectiveness of wearables and serious games -the principle of revealing and challenge prevailing beliefs and social practices -by making use of the IT adoption model as discussed in the previous section based on insights from innovation and adoption researchers like Davis, Bagozzi, and Warshaw (1989) , DeLone and McLean (1993) , Rogers (1983) and Venkatesh et al. We study how the adoption of serious wearable games can be improved -the principle of taking a value position -in order to help improve health on both an individual and societal level -the principles of individual emancipation and improvements in society -and try to improve diffusion models for serious games by identifying habit as a potential dependent variable for the intention to use wearables -the principle of improvements in social theories. abstract: Today globally, more people die from chronic diseases than from war and terrorism. This is not due to aging alone but also because we lead unhealthy lifestyles with little or no exercise and typically consume food with poor nutritional content. This paper proffers the design science research method to create an artefact that can help people study the diffusion of serious games. The ultimate goal of the study is to create a serious game that can help people to improve their balance in physical exercise, nutrition and well-being. To do this, first we conducted 97 interviews to study if wearables can be used for gathering health data. Analysis indicates that designers, manufacturers, and developers of wearables and associated software and apps should make their devices reliable, relevant, and user friendly. To increase the diffusion, adoption, and habitual usage of wearables key issues such as privacy and security need to be addressed as well. Then, we created a paper prototype and conducted a further 32 interviews to validate the first prototype of the game, especially with respect to the diffusion possibilities of the game. Results are positive from a formal technology acceptance point of view showing relevance and usefulness. But informally in the open questions some limitations also became visible. In particular, ease of use is extremely important for acceptance and calling it a game can in fact be an obstruction. Moreover, the artefact should not be patronizing and age differences can also pose problems, hence the title not to make the serious game too serious. Future research plans to address these problems in the next iteration while the future implementation plan seeks for big platforms or companies to diffuse the serious game. A key theoretical contribution of this research is the identification of habit as a potential dependent variable for the intention to use wearables and the development of a diffusion model for serious games. The hedonic perspective is added to the model as well as trust and perceived risks. This model ends the cycle of critical design with an improvement of theory as result contributing to the societal goal of decreasing Obesities and Diabetes. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32836650/ doi: 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102202 id: cord-011992-jgw3nat2 author: Srinivas, Prashanth Nuggehalli title: “Together we move a mountain”: celebrating a decade of the Emerging Voices for Global Health network date: 2020-07-23 words: 2161.0 sentences: 87.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-011992-jgw3nat2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-011992-jgw3nat2.txt summary: The EV4GH programme deliberately selects a cohort of 30-40 early career researchers in health systems, living or working in lowincome and middle-income countries and with an interest to engage critically on global health issues that have local relevance within their country/local health systems. The collective engagement every 2 years during the biennial global health systems symposia enables community-building and several EV4GH alumni have taken on leadership roles within our network and within the broader HPSR community and beyond. Some have become elected members of the HSG board, and others have taken the lead in managing other thematic working groups within HSG, and many others participate actively in other regional and global events while coordinating with fellow EV4GH alumni in such fora, leveraging the membership in the network to seek wider change in the health systems and global health community. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7380710/ doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003015 id: cord-029582-kap3tdiy author: Srinivasan, Malathi title: Enhancing patient engagement during virtual care: A conceptual model and rapid implementation at an academic medical center date: 2020-07-10 words: 2308.0 sentences: 127.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-029582-kap3tdiy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-029582-kap3tdiy.txt summary: During the first two months of Virtual Health roll-out, our Stanford primary care providers conducted over 15,000 video and 3,500 telephone visits. Within four weeks after initiating the Virtual Health program, we conducted more than 80 interviews with staff and providers (physicians, advanced practice providers, medical assistants [MAs] ) in Stanford Primary Care to understand their experiences around Virtual Health. We developed a Virtual Health Patient Engagement model that incorporated principles of the NAM Quintuple Aim,4 which evolved from the NAM Triple Aim (quality of care, cost, patient experience) to include patient equity and inclusion, and prevention of provider burnout.5 Drawing from the WellMD model, 6 we considered factors to support patient engagement in Virtual Health, including system/technology support, support by clinical teams, and customized support for self-care ( Figure 1 ). To help providers achieve meaningful connection with Virtual Health patients, the Stanford Presence group developed and distributed five best practices for telepresence communication4: abstract: Stanford Healthcare shares the lessons learned during its rapid deployment of virtual visits during the Covid-19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7371283/ doi: 10.1056/cat.20.0262 id: cord-034270-0fcac9aw author: Srisai, Patinya title: Perspectives of Migrants and Employers on the National Insurance Policy (Health Insurance Card Scheme) for Migrants: A Case Study in Ranong, Thailand date: 2020-10-20 words: 7255.0 sentences: 410.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-034270-0fcac9aw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-034270-0fcac9aw.txt summary: title: Perspectives of Migrants and Employers on the National Insurance Policy (Health Insurance Card Scheme) for Migrants: A Case Study in Ranong, Thailand BACKGROUND AND PURPOSES: Thailand has implemented a nationwide insurance policy for migrants, namely the Health Insurance Card Scheme (HICS), for a long time. 15 Migrants who enter the country lawfully and work in the formal sector (like firms, factories or enterprises) need not buy the HICS as they are covered by the Social Security Scheme (SSS), which is the same social insurance for Thai formal workers. Overall, this study provides perspectives from and adaptive behaviour of Myanmar beneficiaries towards the HICS, the main insurance policy for cross-border migrants in Thailand. The migrants'' and employers'' perspectives on and responses to the Health Insurance Card Scheme (HICS) in this study reflect the challenges faced in policy implementation. abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSES: Thailand has implemented a nationwide insurance policy for migrants, namely the Health Insurance Card Scheme (HICS), for a long time. However, numerous implementation challenges remain and migrant perspectives on the policy are rarely known. The aim of this study was to examine migrant service users’ perspectives and their consequent response towards the HICS. METHODS: A qualitative case-study approach was employed. In-depth interviews with ten local migrants and four employers were conducted in one of the most densely migrant-populated provinces in Thailand. Document review was used as a means for data triangulation. Inductive thematic analysis was exercised on interview data. RESULTS: The findings revealed that most migrants were not aware of the benefit, they are entitled to receive from the HICS due to unclear communication and inadequate announcements about the policy. The registration costs needed for legalising migrants’ precarious status were a major concern. Adequate support from employers was a key determining factor that encouraged migrants to participate in the registration process and purchase the insurance card. Some employers sought assistance from private intermediaries or brokers to facilitate the registration process for migrants. CONCLUSION: Proper communication and promotion regarding the benefits of the HICS and local authorities taking action to expedite the registration process for migrants are recommended. The policy should also establish a mechanism to receive feedback from migrants. This will help resolve implementation challenges and lead to further improvement of the policy. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7585867/ doi: 10.2147/rmhp.s268006 id: cord-262588-pogd199p author: Stabile, Bonnie title: The Persisting Importance of Rhetoric and Equity in Health Policy and Outcomes date: 2020-06-24 words: 997.0 sentences: 46.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262588-pogd199p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262588-pogd199p.txt summary: It argues that employing social determinants of health, and intersectional and rhetorical frames, can improve life and health outcomes, as measured by morbidity and mortality. To that end, World Medical & Health Policy continuously strives to encourage the examination of issues with the assistance of relevant frameworks such as those that employ social determinants, and intersectional and rhetorical lenses. World Medical & Health Policy Volume 12, Issue 3 is planned as a special issue devoted to understanding the differential impacts of COVID-19, consisting of both empirical and reflective articles considering the complex relationship between social determinants and health disparities in the context of the present-day pandemic. abstract: This editorial considers the persisting importance of rhetoric and equity in health policy analysis, implementation, and outcomes. It argues that employing social determinants of health, and intersectional and rhetorical frames, can improve life and health outcomes, as measured by morbidity and mortality. The pertinence of these frames with regard to the crises brought on by the COVID‐19 pandemic is discussed, and the plan for a special issue on disparties and COVID‐19 is announced. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/wmh3.344 doi: 10.1002/wmh3.344 id: cord-347126-hvrly37e author: Stanton, Robert title: Depression, Anxiety and Stress during COVID-19: Associations with Changes in Physical Activity, Sleep, Tobacco and Alcohol Use in Australian Adults date: 2020-06-07 words: 5474.0 sentences: 250.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347126-hvrly37e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347126-hvrly37e.txt summary: title: Depression, Anxiety and Stress during COVID-19: Associations with Changes in Physical Activity, Sleep, Tobacco and Alcohol Use in Australian Adults The combined effect of changes in lifestyle behaviors; confinement to the home through government restrictions in travel; and elevated depression, anxiety and stress associated with the current COVID-19 pandemic, may have significant negative impacts on sleep [14] . Therefore, the present study aims to examine associations between depression, anxiety and stress and changes in health behaviors, including physical activity, sleep, smoking and alcohol use subsequent to the onset of COVID-19 and the implementation of social isolation rules in Australia. The present study examined the association between depression, anxiety and stress and the change in health behaviors of physical activity, sleep, smoking and alcohol use subsequent to the onset of COVID-19, as individual health behaviors and as a health behavior change index composite score. abstract: The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has enforced dramatic changes to daily living including economic and health impacts. Evidence for the impact of these changes on our physical and mental health and health behaviors is limited. We examined the associations between psychological distress and changes in selected health behaviors since the onset of COVID-19 in Australia. An online survey was distributed in April 2020 and included measures of depression, anxiety, stress, physical activity, sleep, alcohol intake and cigarette smoking. The survey was completed by 1491 adults (mean age 50.5 ± 14.9 years, 67% female). Negative change was reported for physical activity (48.9%), sleep (40.7%), alcohol (26.6%) and smoking (6.9%) since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Significantly higher scores in one or more psychological distress states were found for females, and those not in a relationship, in the lowest income category, aged 18–45 years, or with a chronic illness. Negative changes in physical activity, sleep, smoking and alcohol intake were associated with higher depression, anxiety and stress symptoms. Health-promotion strategies directed at adopting or maintaining positive health-related behaviors should be utilized to address increases in psychological distress during the pandemic. Ongoing evaluation of the impact of lifestyle changes associated with the pandemic is needed. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114065 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17114065 id: cord-263667-5g51n27e author: Steele, James Harlan title: Veterinary public health: Past success, new opportunities date: 2008-09-15 words: 11260.0 sentences: 629.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263667-5g51n27e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263667-5g51n27e.txt summary: Key historical events, disease outbreaks, and individuals responsible for their control are reviewed and serve as a foundation for understanding the current and future efforts in veterinary public health. Billings makes a strong plea for the development of veterinary public health to control the animal diseases that affect man. He was one of the veterinarians who was active in the early years of the American Public Health Association (APHA), during which discussions of trichinosis, tuberculosis and other animal diseases took place at the early annual meetings. The 1908 report Milk and Its Relation to Public Health by Milton Rosenau, issued by the USPHS, brought reform to the dairy industry and support for the Bureau of Animal Industry program to control bovine tuberculosis (Myers and Steele, 1969) . In the United States, the veterinary medical profession has carried on effectively in eliminating those major problems of animal health that had serious public health ramifications, namely bovine tuberculosis and brucellosis. abstract: Abstract Animal diseases are known to be the origin of many human diseases, and there are many examples from ancient civilizations of plagues that arose from animals, domesticated and wild. Records of attempts to control zoonoses are almost as old. The early focus on food-borne illness evolved into veterinary medicine's support of public health efforts. Key historical events, disease outbreaks, and individuals responsible for their control are reviewed and serve as a foundation for understanding the current and future efforts in veterinary public health. Animal medicine and veterinary public health have been intertwined since humans first began ministrations to their families and animals. In the United States, the veterinary medical profession has effectively eliminated those major problems of animal health that had serious public health ramifications. These lessons and experiences can serve as a model for other countries. Our past must also be a reminder that the battle for human and animal health is ongoing. New agents emerge to threaten human and animal populations. With knowledge of the past, coupled with new technologies and techniques, we must be vigilant and carry on. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18417229/ doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2008.02.014 id: cord-333327-r7yqk8tm author: Stephens, Elizabeth H. title: Courage, Fortitude, and Effective Leadership of Surgical Teams During COVID-19 date: 2020-07-10 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The world as we once knew it has been drastically altered secondary to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The impact of these changes, particularly for those practicing in the medical profession, extends beyond the physical to the psychological, emotional, and spiritual. We discuss the factors that contribute to these stresses, way to manage them, and how we as leaders of our teams can inspire resilience and help our colleagues endure these most difficult times. url: https://doi.org/10.1177/2150135120938330 doi: 10.1177/2150135120938330 id: cord-034373-7v7r44do author: Stevens, Jennifer P. title: Healthcare’s earthquake: Lessons from complex adaptive systems to develop Covid-19-responsive measures and models date: 2020-10-23 words: 2335.0 sentences: 112.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-034373-7v7r44do.txt txt: ./txt/cord-034373-7v7r44do.txt summary: As described by Sargut and McGrath, one of the biggest challenges health care leaders face in dealing with complex systems is the "vantage point" problem,1 where the individual actors and leaders are unable to truly see the whole,2 especially in rare events like Covid-19. While these systems primarily create a shared mental model for action, resource demands, and communications, they also bring to the fore additional voices and vantage points for managing health care delivery beyond the bounds of the immediate surge, including which metrics to follow and how to evaluate data. Finally, as health care systems face increasing shifts in the pandemic, we propose identifying forecasting tools that provide opportunities to learn about the complex system of our health care environment and Covid-19 itself, rather than depending on unrealistic assumptions. The result is a forecasting model that leverages the principles of complexity to guide hospital leadership, providing weekly updates to a group of health care leaders about how and when a new surge of infections may arrive.12 abstract: New metrics and forecasting models are key to understanding and anticipating the challenges of the Covid-19 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7584320/ doi: 10.1056/cat.20.0505 id: cord-024087-j6riw1ir author: Stikova, Elisaveta title: Strengthening the Early-Warning Function of the Surveillance System: The Macedonian Experience date: 2010-07-30 words: 4220.0 sentences: 247.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-024087-j6riw1ir.txt txt: ./txt/cord-024087-j6riw1ir.txt summary: The Republic of Macedonia, with World Health Organization support, has implemented an earlywarning system (ALERT) for priority communicable diseases to complement the routine surveillance system that reports individual confirmed cases. • The emergence of new or newly recognized pathogens such as Nipah virus, Ebola virus, Marburg virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) corona virus, and influenza A/H5N1 virus • The recurrence of well-characterized epidemic-prone diseases such as cholera, dengue, influenza, measles, meningitis, shigellosis, and yellow fever • The accidental release or deliberate use of biological agents such as anthrax [7] In addition to the events described in Table 1 , 10 member states in the European These are reasons for public health-capacity building at the local, national, and international level and strengthening of public health preparedness and response systems around the world [11, 12] . abstract: Epidemics and pandemics can place sudden and intense demands on health systems. The world requires a global system that can identify and contain public health emergencies rapidly and reduce panic and disruption of trade, travel, and society in general. Strengthening public health preparedness requires establishing an integrated global alert and response system for epidemics and other public health emergencies along the lines of the World Health Organization’s International Health Regulations. The revised International Health Regulations provide a global framework to address these needs through a collective approach to the prevention, detection, and timely response to any public health emergency of international concern. A standardized approach for readiness and response to major epidemic-prone diseases should be developed. An early-warning and rapid-alert system is one of the possibilities to improve readiness at the local, regional, national, and international level to limit the spread of disease and to reduce health, economic, and social damage. The Republic of Macedonia, with World Health Organization support, has implemented an earlywarning system (ALERT) for priority communicable diseases to complement the routine surveillance system that reports individual confirmed cases. ALERT relies on reporting of eight syndromes by primary care facilities. Data are analyzed weekly at the regional level and transmitted to national epidemiologists. It is perceived to be a simple and flexible tool for detecting and triggering timely investigation and control of outbreaks. ALERT was identified as a useful instrument for forecasting and detecting the start of the influenza season. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7187948/ doi: 10.1007/978-90-481-9637-1_6 id: cord-347519-aowxr873 author: Stoeva, Preslava title: Dimensions of Health Security—A Conceptual Analysis date: 2020-07-28 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Discussions of the politics and practicalities of confronting health security challenges—from infectious disease outbreaks to antimicrobial resistance and the silent epidemic of noncommunicable diseases—hinge on the conceptualization of health security. There is no consensus among analysts about the specific parameters of health security. This inhibits comparative evaluation and critique, and affects the consistency of advice for policymakers. This article aims to contribute to debates about the meaning and scope of health security by applying Baldwin’s (1997) framework for conceptualizing security with a view to propose an alternative framing. Asking Baldwin’s concept‐defining questions of the health security literature highlights how implicit and explicit assumptions currently place health security squarely within a narrow traditionalist analytical framework. Such framing of health security is inaccurate and constraining, as demonstrated by practice and empirical observations. Alternative approaches to security propose that security politics can also be multiactor, cooperative, and ethical, while being conscious of postcolonial and feminist critique in search of sustainable solutions to existential threats to individuals and communities. A broader conceptualization of health security can transform the politics of health security, improving health outcomes beyond acute crises and contribute to broader security studies’ debates. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.201700003 doi: 10.1002/gch2.201700003 id: cord-315364-8eh55yt2 author: Stolldorf, Deonni title: Health Equity Research in Nursing and Midwifery: Time to Expand Our Work date: 2020-07-15 words: 7793.0 sentences: 407.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315364-8eh55yt2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315364-8eh55yt2.txt summary: In 2011, job satisfaction, Nurse Participation in Hospital Affairs, Nurse Foundations of Quality Care, Nurse Manager Leadership Support, Staff and Resource Adequacy, and Subscale Composite scores were significantly lower for respondents who indicated they were leaving for PPL reasons. Study Design: We used 2018 survey data with NFP supervisors that assessed agency-level collaboration, as measured by relational coordination and structural integration with nine community provider types (including obstetrics care, substance use treatment, and child welfare). Authors: Jane Bolin, Jodie Gary, Cynthia Weston, Nancy Downing, Allison Pittman, Cherrie Pullium Objective: The goal of this mixed methods study was to conduct both quantitative and qualitative research with dissemination to community partners toward forming a united regional consortium focused on increasing access to opioid use disorder (OUD) prevention, treatment, and recovery, ultimately improving the health and wellbeing of children and families. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2155825620301101 doi: 10.1016/s2155-8256(20)30110-1 id: cord-354111-rj6te7fz author: Stone, Teresa E. title: Editorial: Facemasks and the Covid 19 pandemic: What advice should health professionals be giving the general public about the wearing of facemasks? date: 2020-04-12 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1111/nhs.12724 doi: 10.1111/nhs.12724 id: cord-271330-9mk5c268 author: Storr, Julie title: Core components for effective infection prevention and control programmes: new WHO evidence-based recommendations date: 2017-01-10 words: 10561.0 sentences: 519.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271330-9mk5c268.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271330-9mk5c268.txt summary: Improvements in IPC at the national and facility level are critical for the successful containment of antimicrobial resistance and the prevention of HAI, including outbreaks of highly transmissible diseases through high quality care within the context of universal health coverage. Given the limited availability of IPC evidence-based guidance and standards, the World Health Organization (WHO) decided to prioritize the development of global recommendations on the core components of effective IPC programmes both at the national and acute health care facility level, based on systematic literature reviews and expert consensus. (Strong recommendation, very low quality of evidence) Evaluation of the evidence from two studies (one controlled before-after study [17] and one interrupted time series [18] ) showed that IPC programmes including dedicated, trained professionals are effective in reducing HAI in acute care facilities. The panel recommends that facility-based HAI surveillance should be performed to guide IPC interventions and detect outbreaks, including AMR surveillance, with timely feedback of results to health care workers and stakeholders and through national networks. abstract: Health care-associated infections (HAI) are a major public health problem with a significant impact on morbidity, mortality and quality of life. They represent also an important economic burden to health systems worldwide. However, a large proportion of HAI are preventable through effective infection prevention and control (IPC) measures. Improvements in IPC at the national and facility level are critical for the successful containment of antimicrobial resistance and the prevention of HAI, including outbreaks of highly transmissible diseases through high quality care within the context of universal health coverage. Given the limited availability of IPC evidence-based guidance and standards, the World Health Organization (WHO) decided to prioritize the development of global recommendations on the core components of effective IPC programmes both at the national and acute health care facility level, based on systematic literature reviews and expert consensus. The aim of the guideline development process was to identify the evidence and evaluate its quality, consider patient values and preferences, resource implications, and the feasibility and acceptability of the recommendations. As a result, 11 recommendations and three good practice statements are presented here, including a summary of the supporting evidence, and form the substance of a new WHO IPC guideline. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13756-016-0149-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28078082/ doi: 10.1186/s13756-016-0149-9 id: cord-302619-3hbbpmnt author: Strausbaugh, L. J. title: Emerging health care-associated infections in the geriatric population. date: 2001 words: 2633.0 sentences: 141.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302619-3hbbpmnt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302619-3hbbpmnt.txt summary: TB is the most The increasing number of persons >65 years of age form a special population at risk for nosocomial and other health care-associated infections. TB is the most The increasing number of persons >65 years of age form a special population at risk for nosocomial and other health care-associated infections. As a health care-associated infection in this age group, TB comes to the fore in hospital and nursing home outbreaks (11) . Adult daycare centers and home care services, which have proliferated under medical auspices in recent years, provide additional avenues for geriatric populations to acquire health careassociated infections. For example, in a 2-year serologic study of selected pathogens causing respiratory tract infections and febrile episodes in two Canadian long-term care facilities, Orr and colleagues identified a positive serologic response to Chlamydia pneumoniae in 9.4% of 224 Health care-associated infections caused by antimicrobial drug-resistant bacteria have caused both endemic infections and outbreaks in nursing homes in the United States. abstract: The increasing number of persons >65 years of age form a special population at risk for nosocomial and other health care-associated infections. The vulnerability of this age group is related to impaired host defenses such as diminished cell-mediated immunity. Lifestyle considerations, e.g., travel and living arrangements, and residence in nursing homes, can further complicate the clinical picture. The magnitude and diversity of health care-associated infections in the aging population are generating new arenas for prevention and control efforts. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11294721/ doi: nan id: cord-278423-tluo3ztc author: Strozza, Cosmo title: Health profiles and socioeconomic characteristics of nonagenarians residing in Mugello, a rural area in Tuscany (Italy) date: 2020-08-15 words: 5753.0 sentences: 292.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278423-tluo3ztc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278423-tluo3ztc.txt summary: METHODS: Latent Class Analysis with covariates was applied to the Mugello Study data to identify health profiles among the 504 nonagenarians residing in the Mugello district (Tuscany, Italy) and to evaluate the association between socioeconomic characteristics and the health profiles resulting from the analysis. RESULTS: This study highlights four groups labeled according to the posterior probability of determining a certain health characteristic: "healthy", "physically healthy with cognitive impairment", "unhealthy", and "severely unhealthy". To capture the heterogeneity of health status and evaluate the social disparities among individuals, researchers suggest the use of latent class analysis (LCA) as a person-centered approach [11] [12] [13] . To capture the heterogeneity of the health status among the oldest-old individuals, we supposed that Mugello''s nonagenarians could belong to unobserved or latent classes according to their health characteristics. abstract: BACKGROUND: Health, as defined by the WHO, is a multidimensional concept that includes different aspects. Interest in the health conditions of the oldest-old has increased as a consequence of the phenomenon of population aging. This study investigates whether (1) it is possible to identify health profiles among the oldest-old, taking into account physical, emotional and psychological information about health, and (2) there are demographic and socioeconomic differences among the health profiles. METHODS: Latent Class Analysis with covariates was applied to the Mugello Study data to identify health profiles among the 504 nonagenarians residing in the Mugello district (Tuscany, Italy) and to evaluate the association between socioeconomic characteristics and the health profiles resulting from the analysis. RESULTS: This study highlights four groups labeled according to the posterior probability of determining a certain health characteristic: “healthy”, “physically healthy with cognitive impairment”, “unhealthy”, and “severely unhealthy”. Some demographic and socioeconomic characteristics were found to be associated with the final groups: older nonagenarians are more likely to be in worse health conditions; men are in general healthier than women; more educated individuals are less likely to be in extremely poor health conditions, while the lowest-educated are more likely to be cognitively impaired; and office or intellectual workers are less likely to be in poor health conditions than are farmers. CONCLUSIONS: Considering multiple dimensions of health to determine health profiles among the oldest-old could help to better evaluate their care needs according to their health status. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01689-3 doi: 10.1186/s12877-020-01689-3 id: cord-033772-uzgya4k9 author: Strömmer, Sofia title: Engaging adolescents in changing behaviour (EACH-B): a study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial to improve dietary quality and physical activity date: 2020-10-15 words: 9079.0 sentences: 401.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-033772-uzgya4k9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-033772-uzgya4k9.txt summary: The EACH-B intervention consists of three linked elements: professional development for teachers including training in communication skills to support health behaviour change; the LifeLab educational module comprising in-school teaching of nine science lessons linked to the English National Curriculum and a practical day visit to the LifeLab facility; and a personalised digital intervention that involves social support and game features that promote eating better and being more active. i) Professional development for teachers including training in communication skills to support health behaviour change, known as ''Healthy Conversation Skills'' (HCS), explained in detail below ii) LifeLab educational module comprising in-school teaching of nine science lessons linked to the English National Curriculum and a hands-on practical day visit to LifeLab, held part way through the module iii) A personalised digital intervention (the ''app'') with social support and game features abstract: BACKGROUND: Poor diet and lack of physical activity are strongly linked to non-communicable disease risk, but modifying them is challenging. There is increasing recognition that adolescence is an important time to intervene; habits formed during this period tend to last, and physical and psychological changes during adolescence make it an important time to help individuals form healthier habits. Improving adolescents’ health behaviours is important not only for their own health now and in adulthood, but also for the health of any future children. Building on LifeLab—an existing, purpose-built educational facility at the University of Southampton—we have developed a multi-component intervention for secondary school students called Engaging Adolescents in Changing Behaviour (EACH-B) that aims to motivate and support adolescents to eat better and be more physically active. METHODS: A cluster randomised controlled trial is being conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the EACH-B intervention. The primary outcomes of the intervention are self-reported dietary quality and objectively measured physical activity (PA) levels, both assessed at baseline and at 12-month follow-up. The EACH-B intervention consists of three linked elements: professional development for teachers including training in communication skills to support health behaviour change; the LifeLab educational module comprising in-school teaching of nine science lessons linked to the English National Curriculum and a practical day visit to the LifeLab facility; and a personalised digital intervention that involves social support and game features that promote eating better and being more active. Both the taught module and the LifeLab day are designed with a focus on the science behind the messages about positive health behaviours, such as diet and PA, for the adolescents now, in adulthood and their future offspring, with the aim of promoting personal plans for change. The EACH-B research trial aims to recruit approximately 2300 secondary school students aged 12–13 years from 50 schools (the clusters) from Hampshire and neighbouring counties. Participating schools will be randomised to either the control or intervention arm. The intervention will be run during two academic years, with continual recruitment of schools throughout the school year until the sample size is reached. The schools allocated to the control arm will receive normal schooling but will be offered the intervention after data collection for the trial is complete. An economic model will be developed to assess the cost-effectiveness of the EACH-B intervention compared with usual schooling. DISCUSSION: Adolescents’ health needs are often ignored and they can be difficult to engage in behaviour change. Building a cheap, sustainable way of engaging them in making healthier choices will benefit their long-term health and that of their future children. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN 74109264. Registered on 30 August 2019. EACH-B is a cluster randomised controlled trial, funded by the National Institute for Health Research (RP-PG-0216-20004). url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7557314/ doi: 10.1186/s13063-020-04761-w id: cord-262876-civfvk45 author: Su, Tong title: Knowledge Levels and Training Needs of Disaster Medicine among Health Professionals, Medical Students, and Local Residents in Shanghai, China date: 2013-06-24 words: 4492.0 sentences: 244.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-262876-civfvk45.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262876-civfvk45.txt summary: title: Knowledge Levels and Training Needs of Disaster Medicine among Health Professionals, Medical Students, and Local Residents in Shanghai, China Continuing medical education and public education plans on disaster medicine via media should be practice-oriented, and selectively applied to different populations and take the knowledge levels and training needs into consideration. Three groups of participants in Shanghai, China, were enrolled in this cross-sectional epidemiological study: health professionals, medical students, and community residents. Moreover, the knowledge level was also significantly different among clinicians, public health physicians, nurses, and medical technicians, especially in correctly answering 5 questions (Table S2) . Figure 3 presents the key contents concerning disaster medicine training prioritized by health professionals, medical students, and community residents. Figure 4 presents the most interested contents of disaster medicine training prioritized by health professionals, medical students, and community residents. In this study, we evaluated the current knowledge levels and training needs of disaster medicine among health professionals, medical students, and community residents in Shanghai, China. abstract: BACKGROUND: Disaster is a serious public health issue. Health professionals and community residents are main players in disaster responses but their knowledge levels of disaster medicine are not readily available. This study aimed to evaluate knowledge levels and training needs of disaster medicine among potential disaster responders and presented a necessity to popularize disaster medicine education. METHODS: A self-reporting questionnaire survey on knowledge level and training needs of disaster medicine was conducted in Shanghai, China, in 2012. A total of randomly selected 547 health professionals, 456 medical students, and 1,526 local residents provided intact information. The total response rate was 93.7%. RESULTS: Overall, 1.3% of these participants have received systematic disaster medicine training. News media (87.1%) was the most common channel to acquire disaster medicine knowledge. Although health professionals were more knowledgeable than community residents, their knowledge structure of disaster medicine was not intact. Medical teachers were more knowledgeable than medical practitioners and health administrators (p = 0.002). Clinicians performed better than public health physicians (p<0.001), whereas public health students performed better than clinical medical students (p<0.001). In community residents, education background significantly affected the knowledge level on disaster medicine (p<0.001). Training needs of disaster medicine were generally high among the surveyed. ‘Lecture’ and ‘practical training’ were preferred teaching methods. The selected key and interested contents on disaster medicine training were similar between health professionals and medical students, while the priorities chosen by local residents were quite different from health professionals and medical students (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Traditional clinical-oriented medical education might lead to a huge gap between the knowledge level on disaster medicine and the current needs of disaster preparedness. Continuing medical education and public education plans on disaster medicine via media should be practice-oriented, and selectively applied to different populations and take the knowledge levels and training needs into consideration. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0067041 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067041 id: cord-317638-ccb36coz author: Subiakto, Yuli title: Aviation medicine capacity on facing biological threat In Indonesia airports date: 2020-07-06 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Airports need high security procedures, especially for preventing outbreaks of infectious diseases spread by passenger and carried goods. Outbreaks of disease form real threat to national defense that can endanger national sovereignty, territorial integrity and national security. Biological agents that are dangerous sources of outbreaks infectious diseases can be spread by criminal and terrorists for biological warfare. Based on data, the spread of diseases in Indonesia came from abroad, such as SARS from China, Mers-CoV from the Middle East, Avian Influenza from China, HIV from Africa etc. Indonesia has a population of more than 262 million peoples, 17,500 islands, and climate conditions that allow microorganisms to grow well. In 2017 domestic flights transported 95,401,545 persons and international flights 16,253,259 persons, we need to prevent the spread of diseases in Indonesia entering through the Airports. Efforts to prevent the entry of dangerous biological agents in Indonesia were carried out by Quarantine Officers and Port Health Officers. The development of threat outbreak disease in air transportation is real in the future, so all Indonesia airports must have action plans to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. The Air Force must act as guardian of sovereignty by having medical personnel on the spot for role interoperability with the personnel Port Health Office for prevent the entry of dangerous biological agents. Capacity building need for be enhanced for prevention, detection, identification and response through a training of the personnel, procurement facilities for readiness prevent, detect and respond when facing biological threat. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32874467/ doi: 10.4081/idr.2020.8738 id: cord-332963-42hc9784 author: Sullivan, Lisa M title: Graduate public health education in the post-COVID-19 era date: 2020-09-01 words: 620.0 sentences: 49.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332963-42hc9784.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332963-42hc9784.txt summary: title: Graduate public health education in the post-COVID-19 era The recent Lancet Public Health editorial 1 cites education as the most modifiable social determinant of health, and in line with the Global Education Monitoring Report, is calling for more inclusive and integrated educational systems in the post-COVID-19 era. 1, 2 We agree and see an opportunity to redefine the role of graduate education to prepare the next generation of public health professionals. We previously articulated a vision for graduate public health education that is authentic, inclusive, flexible, ongoing, and reflective of changes in societal needs. New technologies support flexibility with chat functions that allow more reserved students to participate and break-out rooms to promote active learning. The successes of the moment, and the challenges that persist, point to three approaches that could be adopted towards better graduate public health education. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S246826672030181X doi: 10.1016/s2468-2667(20)30181-x id: cord-353866-0r1b44id author: Sun, Hongpeng title: Changes of Adult Population Health Status in China from 2003 to 2008 date: 2011-12-02 words: 3421.0 sentences: 185.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353866-0r1b44id.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353866-0r1b44id.txt summary: Stratified analyses revealed significant subpopulation disparities in rate ratios for 2008/2003 in the presence of chronic disease, with greater increases among women, elderly, the Han nationality, unmarried and widow, illiterate, rural, and regions east of China than other groups. This study aimed to describe the male and female adult Chinese population health status in multiple dimensions, including overall morbidity, presence of illness in the last 2 weeks and chronic disease in the last 6 months, and healthy behavior as regards smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical activity, using data from the most recent National Health Services Surveys by the Chinese government in 2003 and 2008. However, overall Chinese adult population health status has not been improved due to short time and small proportion of residents performing frequent exercise; hence it seems that the prevalence and burden of chronic diseases will continue to grow. abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine the change in health status of China's adult population between the years of 2003 and 2008 due to rapid economic growth and medical system improvement. METHODS: Data from the third and fourth Chinese national health services surveys covering 141,927 residents in 2003 and 136,371 residents in 2008 who were aged >18 years were analyzed. RESULTS: Chinese respondents in 2008 were more likely to report disease than in 2003. Smoking slightly decreased among men and women, and regular exercise showed much improvement. Stratified analyses revealed significant subpopulation disparities in rate ratios for 2008/2003 in the presence of chronic disease, with greater increases among women, elderly, the Han nationality, unmarried and widow, illiterate, rural, and regions east of China than other groups. CONCLUSIONS: Chinese adults in 2008 had worse health status than in 2003 in terms of presence of chronic disease. China's reform of health care will face more complex challenges in coming years from the deteriorating health status in Chinese adults. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22164286/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028411 id: cord-291924-1s1e6457 author: Sun, Mei title: The public health emergency management system in China: trends from 2002 to 2012 date: 2018-04-11 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: Public health emergencies have challenged the public health emergency management systems (PHEMSs) of many countries critically and frequently since this century. As the world’s most populated country and the second biggest economy in the world, China used to have a fragile PHEMS; however, the government took forceful actions to build PHEMS after the 2003 SARS outbreak. After more than one decade’s efforts, we tried to assess the improvements and problems of China’s PHEMS between 2002 and 2012. METHODS: We conducted two rounds of national surveys and collected the data of the year 2002 and 2012, including all 32 provincial, 139 municipal, and 489 county CDCs. The municipal and county CDCs were selected by systematic random sampling. Twenty-one indicators of four stages (preparation, readiness, response and recovery) from the National Assessment Criteria for CDC Performance were chosen to assess the ten-year trends. RESULTS: At the preparation stage, organization, mechanisms, workforce, and stockpile across all levels and regions were significantly improved after one decade’s efforts. At the readiness stage, the capability for formulating an emergency plan was also significantly improved during the same period. At the response stage, internet-based direct reporting was 98.8%, and coping scores were nearly full points of ten in 2012. At the recovery stage, the capabilities were generally lower than expected. CONCLUSIONS: Due to forceful leadership, sounder regulations, and intensive resources, China’s PHEMS has been improved at the preparation, readiness, and response stages; however, the recovery stage was still weak and could not meet the requirements of crisis management and preventive governance. In addition, CDCs in the Western region and counties lagged behind in performance on most indicators. Future priorities should include developing the recovery stage, establishing a closed feedback loop, and strengthening the capabilities of CDCs in Western region and counties. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5284-1 doi: 10.1186/s12889-018-5284-1 id: cord-345417-0rxhkg7a author: Sun, Xinying title: Determinants of health literacy and health behavior regarding infectious respiratory diseases: a pathway model date: 2013-03-22 words: 4416.0 sentences: 259.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-345417-0rxhkg7a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345417-0rxhkg7a.txt summary: The purpose of the present study was to develop and validate a health literacy model at an individual level that could best explain the determinants of health literacy and the associations between health literacy and health behaviors even health status. The framework is organized into four primary elements: (1) health-related stimulus; (2) factors that influence the development and use of health literacy skills, including socio-demographic characteristics, resources , prior knowledge and capabilities; (3) health literacy skills needed to comprehend the stimulus and perform the task; and (4) mediators between health literacy and health outcomes including motivation, attitudes, emotions, and self-efficacy. Although all these models or frameworks have given the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics, prior knowledge, health literacy, health behavior/action and health outcomes, they are all theoretical explanations. Table 2 also shows the differences among age groups, education levels and income levels on prior knowledge about infectious respiratory diseases, health literacy, health behavior and health status. abstract: BACKGROUND: Health literacy has been defined as the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand the basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions. Currently, few studies have validated the causal pathways of determinants of health literacy through the use of statistical modeling. The purpose of the present study was to develop and validate a health literacy model at an individual level that could best explain the determinants of health literacy and the associations between health literacy and health behaviors even health status. METHODS: Skill-based health literacy test and a self-administrated questionnaire survey were conducted among 3222 Chinese adult residents. Path analysis was applied to validate the model. RESULTS: The model explained 38.6% of variance for health literacy, 11.7% for health behavior and 2.3% for health status: (GFI = 0.9990; RMR = 0.0521; χ(2) = 10.2151, P = 0.1159). Education has positive and direct effect on prior knowledge (β = 0.324) and health literacy (β = 0.346). Health literacy is also affected by prior knowledge (β = 0.245) and age (β = -0.361). Health literacy is a direct influencing factor of health behavior (β = 0.101). The most important factor of health status is age (β = 0.107). Health behavior and health status have a positive interaction effect. CONCLUSION: This model explains the determinants of health literacy and the associations between health literacy and health behaviors well. It could be applied to develop intervention strategies to increase individual health literacy, and then to promote health behavior and health status. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23521806/ doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-261 id: cord-296445-0spqe4r2 author: Supady, Alexander title: Consequences of the coronavirus pandemic for global health research and practice date: 2020-06-11 words: 1071.0 sentences: 57.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-296445-0spqe4r2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296445-0spqe4r2.txt summary: The risk management of the COVID-19-pandemic in the context of global health research and practice not only needs to take into account microbiological and epidemiological knowledge and expertise on the characteristics and spread of SARS-CoV-2, but also social and economic impacts and challenges in different countries and settings. On the one hand, the resumption of temporarily interrupted projects may endanger people by unintended The coronavirus pandemic challenges ongoing and planned global health research and practice activities throughout the world; project planners and responsible persons must cautiously balance out the risks of interruption and resumption of the projects in the respective settings. Clinical data suggest that elderly and immunocompromised persons are at a very high risk of infections and poor outcomes when infected with SARS-CoV-2, the high contagiousness of the virus puts people in densely populated settings, such as refugee camps, at a particular risk [3] . abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32566157/ doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.010366 id: cord-256691-fn4bnnb9 author: Suyin Chalmin-Pui, Lauriane title: “It made me feel brighter in myself”- The health and well-being impacts of a residential front garden horticultural intervention date: 2020-09-30 words: 9433.0 sentences: 503.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256691-fn4bnnb9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256691-fn4bnnb9.txt summary: Pre-and post-wellbeing measures (subjective well-being, perceived stress, diurnal cortisol) were captured over a 2-week data collection period prior to and for at least 3 months after each intervention, with the experiment being repeated over a two-year period, using two sub-populations of residents (i.e. Groups A and B, Fig. 1 ). Data included how residents felt about their lives, well-being, mental and physical health, street, neighbourhood, community, engagement with nature and gardening, attitudes towards the intervention, motivations for participation in the research and expectations regarding the outcomes of the intervention. Thus, the data addresses Q1 and Q2, indicating the intervention reduced perceived stress levels, improved cortisol profiles and thereby had a positive effect on the residents'' health status. The data presented suggests that adding plants and containers to residents'' front gardens was associated with significant reductions in perceived stress (Q1) which was reflected in improved diurnal cortisol patterns (Q2) post-intervention (i.e. steeper diurnal declines, increased daily average concentration and total secretions compared to ''blunted'' levels pre-intervention). abstract: Residential gardens make up 30% of urban space in the UK, yet unlike many other green space typologies, their role in the health and well-being agenda has largely been overlooked. A horticultural intervention introduced ornamental plants to 38 previously bare front gardens (≈ 10 m(2)) within an economically deprived region of North England, UK. Measures of perceived stress and diurnal cortisol profiles (as an indicator of health status) were taken pre- and post-intervention (over 3 months). Residents reported significant decreases in perceived stress post-intervention. This finding was aligned with a higher proportion of ‘healthy’ diurnal cortisol patterns post-intervention, suggesting better health status in those individuals. All residents derived one or more reported socio-cultural benefits as a result of the front garden plantings, although overall scores for subjective well-being did not increase to a significant level. Further qualitative data suggested that the gardens were valued for enhancing relaxation, increasing positive emotions, motivation, and pride of place. The results indicate that adding even small quantities of ornamental plants to front gardens within deprived urban communities had a positive effect on an individual’s stress regulation and some, but not all, aspects of subjective well-being. The research highlights the importance of residential front gardens to human health and well-being, and thus their contribution to the wider debates around city densification, natural capital and urban planning. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S016920462030325X doi: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2020.103958 id: cord-290067-fa0mxvc3 author: Svadzian, Anita title: Global health degrees: at what cost? date: 2020-08-05 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003310 doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003310 id: cord-354677-duxm9u8v author: Sweileh, Waleed M. title: Bibliometric analysis of peer-reviewed literature on climate change and human health with an emphasis on infectious diseases date: 2020-05-08 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: Assessing research activity is important for planning future protective and adaptive policies. The objective of the current study was to assess research activity on climate change and health with an emphasis on infectious diseases. METHOD: A bibliometric method was applied using SciVerse Scopus. Documents on climate change and human health were called “health-related literature” while documents on climate change and infectious diseases were called “infection-related literature”. The study period was from 1980 to 2019. RESULTS: The search query found 4247 documents in the health-related literature and 1207 in the infection-related literature. The growth of publications showed a steep increase after 2007. There were four research themes in the health-related literature: (1) climate change and infectious diseases; (2) climate change, public health and food security; (3) heat waves, mortality, and non-communicable diseases; and (4) climate change, air pollution, allergy, and respiratory health. The most frequently encountered pathogens/infectious diseases in the infection-related literature were malaria and dengue. Documents in infection-related literature had a higher h-index than documents in the health-related literature. The top-cited documents in the health-related literature focused on food security, public health, and infectious diseases while those in infection-related literature focused on water-, vector-, and mosquito-borne diseases. The European region had the highest contribution in health-related literature (n = 1626; 38.3%) and infection-related literature (n = 497; 41.2%). The USA led with 1235 (29.1%) documents in health-related literature and 365 (30.2%) documents in infection-related literature. The Australian National University ranked first in the health-related literature while the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine ranked first in the infection-related literature. International research collaboration was inadequate. Documents published in the Environmental Health Perspectives journal received the highest citations per document. A total of 1416 (33.3%) documents in the health-related literature were funded while 419 (34.7%) documents in the infection-related literature were funded. CONCLUSION: Research on climate change and human health is on the rise with research on infection-related issues making a good share. International research collaboration should be funded and supported. Future research needs to focus on the impact of climate change on psychosocial, mental, innovations, policies, and preparedness of health systems. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-020-00576-1 doi: 10.1186/s12992-020-00576-1 id: cord-275801-cjxuvyh9 author: Sylvestre, Emmanuelle title: Health Informatics Support for Outbreak Management: how to respond without an Electronic Health Record? date: 2020-08-06 words: 804.0 sentences: 52.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275801-cjxuvyh9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275801-cjxuvyh9.txt summary: Then, we developed a web application where each clinician can fill specific forms to monitor COVID symptoms and their evolution at the time of each phone call. In this case, we needed to be able to integrate quickly the most important data for COVID monitoring despite the lack of interoperability between our different digitized systems. Since our administrative data is fully digitized, we were able to link patients throughout the Both databases are implemented with WINDEV ® , because it allowed us to automatically integrate data from our hospital framework (all of our hospital software rely on Oracle ® database management system). Finally, both COVID databases allow to perform queries using Structured Query Language (SQL) and extract structured data in comma-separated values (CSV) form, which helps us create real-time reports. The electronic health record is an essential tool for COVID-19 management, but even without it, we can still develop alternative solutions that can tremendously help hospitals with limited resources and without state of the-art health IT. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocaa183 doi: 10.1093/jamia/ocaa183 id: cord-276007-fu04n9p3 author: Séroussi, Brigitte title: Transparency of Health Informatics Processes as the Condition of Healthcare Professionals’ and Patients’ Trust and Adoption: the Rise of Ethical Requirements date: 2020-08-21 words: 2940.0 sentences: 117.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276007-fu04n9p3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276007-fu04n9p3.txt summary: With the wide use of EHRs, the enlargement of the care team perimeter, the need for data sharing for care continuity, the reuse of data for the sake of research, and the implementation of AI-powered decision support tools, new ethics requirements are necessary to address issues such as threats on privacy, confidentiality breaches, poor security practices, lack of patient information, tension on data sharing and reuse policies, need for more transparency on apps effectiveness, biased algorithms with discriminatory outcomes, guarantee on trustworthy AI, concerns on the re-identification of de-identified data. With the wide use of EHRs, the enlargement of the care team perimeter, the need for data sharing for care continuity, the reuse of data for the sake of research, and the implementation of AI-powered decision support tools, new ethics requirements are necessary to address issues such as threats on privacy, confidentiality breaches, poor security practices, lack of patient information, tension on data sharing and reuse policies, need for more transparency on apps effectiveness, biased algorithms with discriminatory outcomes, guarantee on trustworthy AI, concerns on the re-identification of de-identified data. abstract: Objectives : To provide an introduction to the 2020 International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) Yearbook by the editors. Methods : This editorial provides an introduction and overview to the 2020 IMIA Yearbook which special topic is: “Ethics in Health Informatics”. The keynote paper, the survey paper of the Special Topic section, and the paper about Donald Lindberg’s ethical scientific openness in the History of Medical Informatics chapter of the Yearbook are discussed. Changes in the Yearbook Editorial Committee are also described. Results : Inspired by medical ethics, ethics in health informatics progresses with the advances in biomedical informatics. With the wide use of EHRs, the enlargement of the care team perimeter, the need for data sharing for care continuity, the reuse of data for the sake of research, and the implementation of AI-powered decision support tools, new ethics requirements are necessary to address issues such as threats on privacy, confidentiality breaches, poor security practices, lack of patient information, tension on data sharing and reuse policies, need for more transparency on apps effectiveness, biased algorithms with discriminatory outcomes, guarantee on trustworthy AI, concerns on the re-identification of de-identified data. Conclusions : Despite privacy rules rooted in the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) in the USA and even more restrictive new regulations such as the EU General Data Protection Regulation published in May 2018, some people do not believe their data will be kept confidential and may not share sensitive information with a provider, which may also induce unethical situations. Transparency on healthcare data processes is a condition of healthcare professionals’ and patients’ trust and their adoption of digital tools. url: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1702029 doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1702029 id: cord-254782-fzuasf2o author: Tadesse, Degena Bahrey title: Knowledge, attitude, practice and psychological response toward COVID-19 among nurses during the COVID-19 outbreak in Northern Ethiopia, 2020 date: 2020-10-14 words: 1399.0 sentences: 100.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254782-fzuasf2o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254782-fzuasf2o.txt summary: title: Knowledge, attitude, practice and psychological response toward COVID-19 among nurses during the COVID-19 outbreak in Northern Ethiopia, 2020 Nurses'' infection control measures are affected by their knowledge, attitude, practice (KAP), and psychological responses towards COVID-19. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the knowledge, attitude, practice, and psychological response among nurses toward the COVID-19 outbreak in Northern Ethiopia. Descriptive analysis was reported to describe the demographic, mean knowledge, attitude practice, and psychological response score of nurses. Of the 415 nurses, 307 (74%), 278 (67%), 299 (72%), and 354 (85.3%) had good knowledge, good infection prevention practice, a favorable attitude, and disturbed psychological response towards COVID-19, respectively. A self-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect the knowledge, attitude, 68 practice, and psychological response towards the COVID-19 outbreak. Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding COVID-19 among health care 260 workers in Henan abstract: Background Coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19) is not only a deadly outbreak disease but also affects the mental status of the population, including nurses. Nurses play a vital role in dealing with COVID-19 victims. Nurses’ infection control measures are affected by their knowledge, attitude, practice (KAP), and psychological responses towards COVID-19. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the knowledge, attitude, practice, and psychological response among nurses toward the COVID-19 outbreak in Northern Ethiopia. The hospital-based cross-sectional study design was employed. The data were collected from March to April 2020. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire. The data were entered into Epi-data manager version 4.2 and exported to SPSS 23 for analysis. Descriptive analysis was reported to describe the demographic, mean knowledge, attitude practice, and psychological response score of nurses. Results A total of 415 nurses participated in this study, resulting in a 100% response rate. Of the participants, 241 (58.1%) were female. Of the 415 nurses, 307 (74%), 278 (67%), 299 (72%), and 354 (85.3%) had good knowledge, good infection prevention practice, a favorable attitude, and disturbed psychological response towards COVID-19, respectively. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33072339/ doi: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100787 id: cord-259426-qbolo3k3 author: Tadesse, Trhas title: Predictors of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Prevention Practices Using Health Belief Model Among Employees in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020 date: 2020-10-22 words: 5279.0 sentences: 264.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259426-qbolo3k3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259426-qbolo3k3.txt summary: title: Predictors of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Prevention Practices Using Health Belief Model Among Employees in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020 Therefore, this study investigated the predictors of COVID-19 prevention practice using the Health Belief Model among employees in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020. Three hundred ninety-one (62.3%), 337 (53.7%), 312 (49.7), 497 (79.1%), 303 (48.2%) and 299 (52.4%) of the respondents had high perceived susceptibility, severity, benefit, barrier, cues to action and self-efficacy to COVID-19 prevention practice, respectively. Therefore, this study was aimed at assessing predictors of COVID-19 prevention practice among Higher Education employees in Addis Ababa Ethiopia using a Health Belief Model. A multicentered cross-sectional study design was used to assess predictors of COVID-19 prevention practices using a Health Belief Model among employees in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020. The questionnaire was used to gather employees'' demographic data, knowledge about COVID-19 and its prevention, Health Belief Model constructs (perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefit, perceived barrier, and cues to action self-efficacy), and practice of COVID-19 prevention. abstract: BACKGROUND: Ethiopia has taken strict preventive measures against COVID-19 to control its spread, to protect citizens, and ensure their wellbeing. Employee’s adherence to preventive measures is influenced by their knowledge, perceived susceptibility, severity, benefit, barrier, cues to action, and self-efficacy. Therefore, this study investigated the predictors of COVID-19 prevention practice using the Health Belief Model among employees in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020. METHODS: Multicentre cross-sectional study design was used. A total of 628 employees selected by systematic sampling method were included in this study. Data were collected using a pretested self-administered questionnaire. Summary statistics of a given data for each variable were calculated. Logistic regression model was used to measure the association between the outcome and the predictor variable. Statistical significance was declared at p-value<0.05. Direction and strength of association were expressed using OR and 95% CI. RESULTS: From a total of 628 respondents, 432 (68.8%) of them had poor COVID-19 prevention practice. Three hundred ninety-one (62.3%), 337 (53.7%), 312 (49.7), 497 (79.1%), 303 (48.2%) and 299 (52.4%) of the respondents had high perceived susceptibility, severity, benefit, barrier, cues to action and self-efficacy to COVID-19 prevention practice, respectively. Employees with a low level of perceived barriers were less likely to have a poor practice of COVID-19 prevention compared to employees with a high level of perceived barrier [AOR = 0.03, 95% CI (0.01,0.05)]. Similarly, employees with low cues to action and employees with a low level of self-efficacy were practiced COVID prevention measures to a lesser extent compared those with high cues to action and high level of self-efficacy [AOR = 0.05, 95% CI (0.026,0.10)] and [AOR = 0.08, 95% CI (0.04,0.14)], respectively. CONCLUSION: The proportion of employees with poor COVID-19 prevention was high. Income, perceived barrier, cues to action, and self-efficacy were significantly associated with COVID-19 prevention practice. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33122922/ doi: 10.2147/idr.s275933 id: cord-313615-cts45n3j author: Tam, John S title: Research agenda for mass gatherings: a call to action date: 2012-01-15 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Public health research is essential for the development of effective policies and planning to address health security and risks associated with mass gatherings (MGs). Crucial research topics related to MGs and their effects on global health security are discussed in this review. The research agenda for MGs consists of a framework of five major public health research directions that address issues related to reducing the risk of public health emergencies during MGs; restricting the occurrence of non-communicable and communicable diseases; minimisation of the effect of public health events associated with MGs; optimisation of the medical services and treatment of diseases during MGs; and development and application of modern public health measures. Implementation of the proposed research topics would be expected to provide benefits over the medium to long term in planning for MGs. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S147330991170353X doi: 10.1016/s1473-3099(11)70353-x id: cord-314104-dkm8396y author: Tam, Theresa W. S. title: Preparing for uncertainty during public health emergencies: What Canadian health leaders can do now to optimize future emergency response date: 2020-03-31 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: It is clear that the risk for epidemics with high health and socio-economic impacts remains but there will be many unknowns at the start of future responses to these events. This article highlights principles and practices to assist health leaders in preparing for uncertainty, including integrating scalability to ensure response activities can be more easily adapted to suit evolving needs; assessing risk and capabilities to inform planning for appropriate response measures; and considering overall flexibility and adaptability of plans, systems, and resources. Ultimately, being prepared for “Disease X” is about applying the approaches that we have learned from previous events, using evidence-based practices to develop and strengthen foundational capacities, so that we are able to respond to the unanticipated in proportionate and appropriate ways. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32228317/ doi: 10.1177/0840470420917172 id: cord-281571-vob1bu9c author: Tam, Theresa W.S title: The Canadian Pandemic Influenza Plan: an evolution to the approach for national communicable disease emergencies date: 2004-06-30 words: 1843.0 sentences: 77.0 pages: flesch: 34.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281571-vob1bu9c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281571-vob1bu9c.txt summary: The general concepts incorporated into the CPIP may be utilised in the contingency planning for a bioterrorism event or other communicable disease emergencies, including: a national, coordinated approach in planning; an emergency management structure to conduct the response; the use of common terminology to facilitate communication and response coordination, and the establishment of specific technical, communications and operational response groups and networks in advance. After the Hong Kong influenza A/H5N1 incident in 1997, the pandemic plan evolved to include a more comprehensive approach, incorporating the following key components: surveillance, vaccine programs, and use of antivirals, health services, emergency services, public health measures and communications. The general concepts incorporated into the CPIP that may be utilised in the contingency planning for other infectious disease emergencies include: a national, coordinated approach to planning; an emergency management structure to coordinate and conduct the response; the need for common terminology (e.g. using the same response phases), and the need to have specific technical, communications and operational response groups and networks formed in advance. abstract: Abstract Advance planning for a large-scale and widespread health emergency is required to optimize health care delivery during an influenza pandemic. The Canadian Pandemic Influenza Plan (CPIP) is an example of a successful communicable disease emergency plan that ensures a national, coordinated approach to preparedness, response and recovery activities in the event of an influenza pandemic. The general concepts incorporated into the CPIP may be utilised in the contingency planning for a bioterrorism event or other communicable disease emergencies, including: a national, coordinated approach in planning; an emergency management structure to conduct the response; the use of common terminology to facilitate communication and response coordination, and the establishment of specific technical, communications and operational response groups and networks in advance. The multinational outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in 2003 offered the opportunity for the testing of these concepts. The experiences and lessons learnt during the SARS response may be utilised to strengthen communicable disease preparedness and response capacity. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0531513104000391 doi: 10.1016/j.ics.2004.01.036 id: cord-266225-mqbud21t author: Tambo, Ernest title: Can free open access resources strengthen knowledge-based emerging public health priorities, policies and programs in Africa? date: 2016-05-09 words: 3652.0 sentences: 135.0 pages: flesch: 29.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266225-mqbud21t.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266225-mqbud21t.txt summary: The strength of scaling FOA in developing countries will entail but not limited to: 1) increasing real time and effective knowledge-or evidence-based translation of proven and validated approaches, 2) strategies and tools in strengthening health systems and revamping early and timely access to much needed information by policy-makers, and 3) enhanced guided health financing and capacity development by health institutions and related stakeholders, and strengthening contextual programs and activities planning, transparency and accountability. This paper assesses the values and benefits of open, free of charge data and information access and availability in strengthening health systems policies, financing, promoting knowledge-based programs and targeted interventions directed to forecast, prevent, reduce and/or manage the growing emerging threats and epidemics as well as infectious diseases of poverty in LMICs, especially in Africa. abstract: Tackling emerging epidemics and infectious diseases burden in Africa requires increasing unrestricted open access and free use or reuse of regional and global policies reforms as well as timely communication capabilities and strategies. Promoting, scaling up data and information sharing between African researchers and international partners are of vital importance in accelerating open access at no cost. Free Open Access (FOA) health data and information acceptability, uptake tactics and sustainable mechanisms are urgently needed. These are critical in establishing real time and effective knowledge or evidence-based translation, proven and validated approaches, strategies and tools to strengthen and revamp health systems. As such, early and timely access to needed emerging public health information is meant to be instrumental and valuable for policy-makers, implementers, care providers, researchers, health-related institutions and stakeholders including populations when guiding health financing, and planning contextual programs. url: https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.8662.1 doi: 10.12688/f1000research.8662.1 id: cord-314205-6d5yloxp author: Tambo, Ernest title: China-Africa Health Development Initiatives: Benefits and Implications for Shaping Innovative and Evidence-informed National Health Policies and Programs in Sub-saharan African Countries date: 2016 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION: This review paper examines the growing implications of China’s engagement in shaping innovative national initiatives against infectious diseases and poverty control and elimination in African countries. It seeks to understand the factors and enhancers that can promote mutual and innovative health development initiatives, and those that are necessary in generating reliable and quality data for evidence-based contextual policy, priorities and programs. METHODS: We examined the China-Africa health cooperation in supporting global health agenda on infectious diseases such as malaria, schistosomiasis, Ebola, TB, HIV/AIDS, neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) prevention, control and elimination spanning a period of 10 years. We reviewed referenced publications, global support data, and extensive sources related to and other emerging epidemics and infectious diseases of poverty, programs and interventions, health systems development issues, challenges, opportunities and investments. Published literature in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Books and web-based peer-reviewed journal articles, government annual reports were assessed from the first Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) in November 2006 to December 2015 Third Ministerial conferences. RESULTS: Our findings highlight current shared public health challenges and emphasize the need to nurture, develop and establish effective, functional and sustainable health systems capacity to detect and respond to all public health threats and epidemic burdens, evidence-based programs and quality care outcomes. China’s significant health diplomacy emphasizes the importance of health financing in establishing health development commitment and investment in improving the gains and opportunities, importantly efficiency and value health priorities and planning. CONCLUSIONS AND GLOBAL HEALTH IMPLICATIONS: Strengthening China-Africa health development agenda towards collective commitment and investment in quality care delivery, effective programs coverage and efficiency, preparedness and emergency response is needed in transforming African health information systems, and local health governance structures and management in emerging epidemics. Furthermore, innovative evidence of operational joint solutions and strategies are critical in advancing healthcare delivery, and further enhancing Universal Health Care, and Sustainable Development Goals to attain global health improvements and economic prosperity. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28058199/ doi: nan id: cord-353185-aapg75af author: Tambo, Ernest title: The value of China-Africa health development initiatives in strengthening “One Health” strategy date: 2019-09-24 words: 6744.0 sentences: 219.0 pages: flesch: 22.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353185-aapg75af.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353185-aapg75af.txt summary: Building the value of China-Africa "One Health" strategy partnerships, frameworks and capacity development and implementation through leveraging on current and innovative China-Africa health initiatives, but also, mobilizing efforts on climatic changes and disasters mitigation and lifestyle adaptations strategies against emerging and current infectious diseases threats are essential to establish epidemic surveillance-response system under the concept of global collaborative coordination and lasting financing mechanisms. Africa CDC focus on strategic priority areas and innovative programs aiming at improving evidence-based decision making and practice in event-based capacity development for surveillance, disease prediction, and improved functional clinical and public health laboratory networks and actions in minimizing health inequalities, and promoting quality care delivery, public health emergency preparedness and response best practices in achieving regional [1, 4, 10] . abstract: Implementing national to community-based “One Health” strategy for human, animal and environmental challenges and migrating-led consequences offer great opportunities, and its value of sustained development and wellbeing is an imperative. “One Health” strategy in policy commitment, partnership and financial investment are much needed in advocacy, contextual health human-animal and environmental development. Therefore, appropriate and evidence-based handling and management strategies in moving forward universal health coverage and sustainable development goals (SDGs) are essential components to the China-Africa health development initiatives. It is necessary to understand how to strengthen robust and sustainable “One Health” approach implementation in national and regional public health and disaster risk reduction programs. Understanding the foundation of “One Health” strategy in China-Africa public health cooperation is crucial in fostering health systems preparedness and smart response against emerging and re-emerging threats and epidemics. Building the value of China-Africa “One Health” strategy partnerships, frameworks and capacity development and implementation through leveraging on current and innovative China-Africa health initiatives, but also, mobilizing efforts on climatic changes and disasters mitigation and lifestyle adaptations strategies against emerging and current infectious diseases threats are essential to establish epidemic surveillance-response system under the concept of global collaborative coordination and lasting financing mechanisms. Further strengthen local infrastructure and workforce capacity, participatory accountability and transparency on “One Health” approach will benefit to set up infectious diseases of poverty projects, and effective monitoring and evaluation systems in achieving African Union 2063 Agenda and SDGs targets both in Africa and China. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S2414644719300624 doi: 10.1016/s2414-6447(19)30062-4 id: cord-260407-jf1dnllj author: Tang, Catherine So-kum title: Factors influencing the wearing of facemasks to prevent the severe acute respiratory syndrome among adult Chinese in Hong Kong date: 2004-06-11 words: 4503.0 sentences: 219.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-260407-jf1dnllj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260407-jf1dnllj.txt summary: This study aimed to determine factors associating with individuals'' practice of the target SARS preventive behavior (facemask wearing). Three of the five components of the Health Belief Model, namely, perceived susceptibility, cues to action, and perceived benefits, were significant predictors of facemask-wearing even after considering effects of demographic characteristics. Overall, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and perceived susceptibility are the three most powerful components of the Health Belief Model in influencing whether individuals practice different preventive behaviors [21, 29, 30] . A logistic regression with odds ratios was conducted to test the efficacy of the Health Belief Model in predicting the wearing of facemasks to prevent SARS. Similar to previous research [15 -26] , this study found the Health Belief Model useful in identifying major determinants of the wearing of facemasks to prevent contracting and spreading SARS. The remaining two components of the Health Belief Model, perceived severity and perceived barriers, were found to be nonsignificant determinants of the target SARS preventive behavior in this study. abstract: Background. The global outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003 has been an international public health threat. Quick diagnostic tests and specific treatments for SARS are not yet available; thus, prevention is of paramount importance to contain its global spread. This study aimed to determine factors associating with individuals' practice of the target SARS preventive behavior (facemask wearing). Methods. A total of 1329 adult Chinese residing in Hong Kong were surveyed. The survey instrument included demographic data, measures on the five components of the Health Belief Model, and the practice of the target SARS preventive behavior. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine rates and predictors of facemask wearing. Results. Overall, 61.2% of the respondents reported consistent use of facemasks to prevent SARS. Women, the 50–59 age group, and married respondents were more likely to wear facemasks. Three of the five components of the Health Belief Model, namely, perceived susceptibility, cues to action, and perceived benefits, were significant predictors of facemask-wearing even after considering effects of demographic characteristics. Conclusions. The Health Belief Model is useful in identifying determinants of facemask wearing. Findings have significant implications in enhancing the effectiveness of SARS prevention programs. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15539054/ doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.04.032 id: cord-024614-6bu3zo01 author: Tang, Daxing title: Prevention and control strategies for emergency, limited-term, and elective operations in pediatric surgery during the epidemic period of COVID-19 date: 2020-03-26 words: 5846.0 sentences: 300.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-024614-6bu3zo01.txt txt: ./txt/cord-024614-6bu3zo01.txt summary: Based on the transmission characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and the requirements for prevention and control of COVID-19, the authors proposed some concrete measures and practical strategies of managing emergency, limited-term, and elective pediatric surgeries during the epidemic period. Based on the transmission characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and the requirements for prevention and control of COVID-19, the authors proposed some concrete measures and practical strategies of managing emergency, limited-term, and elective pediatric surgeries during the epidemic period. Based on the "Technical Guidelines for the Prevention and Control of New Coronavirus Infection in Medical Institutions (First Edition)," 17 "Diagnosis and Treatment Plan on the New Coronavirus inflicted pneumonia (Sixth trial edition, revised)" 2 (both released by the National Health Commission of China), "Recommendations for the Prevention and Control of General Surgery in the Background of New Coronavirus Outbreak," 6 and other relevant latest reports, we propose the following control measures and practical strategies for pediatric surgery practice during the COVID-19 epidemic. abstract: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread to more than 100 countries. Children approved to be susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Preventing and controlling the epidemic while ensuring orderly flows of pediatric surgery clinical work has proven to be a big challenge for both patients and clinicians during the epidemic. Based on the transmission characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and the requirements for prevention and control of COVID-19, the authors proposed some concrete measures and practical strategies of managing emergency, limited-term, and elective pediatric surgeries during the epidemic period. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7211106/ doi: 10.1136/wjps-2020-000122 id: cord-288818-6uvb4qsk author: Tanveer, Faouzia title: Ethics, pandemic and environment; looking at the future of low middle income countries date: 2020-10-15 words: 6998.0 sentences: 322.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288818-6uvb4qsk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288818-6uvb4qsk.txt summary: From the restrictions on public freedom and burgeoning socio-economic impacts to the rationing of scarce medical resources, the spread of COVID-19 is an extraordinary ethical dilemma for resource constrained nations with less developed health and research systems. International regimes are on high alert to stop its spread, however, as far as the global scenario is concerned, countries and governments are clueless in stopping the expanding pandemic as not much is known about SARS-CoV-2, while left only with implementing nationwide lock downs and curfews which opened new economic fronts and social challenges. COVID-19 has presented itself as a test case for the humanity in terms of global fraternity, decision making, technology and expertise sharing, rapid pandemic response mechanisms, stability, crises management and policy making. abstract: COVID-19 which started in Wuhan, China and swiftly expanded geographically worldwide, including to Low to Middle Income Countries (LMICs). This in turn raised numerous ethical concerns in preparedness, knowledge sharing, intellectual property rights, environmental health together with the serious constraints regarding readiness of health care systems in LMICs to respond to this enormous public health crisis. From the restrictions on public freedom and burgeoning socio-economic impacts to the rationing of scarce medical resources, the spread of COVID-19 is an extraordinary ethical dilemma for resource constrained nations with less developed health and research systems. In the current crisis, scientific knowledge and technology has an important role to play in effective response. Emergency preparedness is a shared responsibility of all countries with a moral obligation to support each other. This review discusses the ethical concerns regarding the national capacities and response strategies in LMICs to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic as well as the deep link between the environment and the increasing risk of pandemics. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33059674/ doi: 10.1186/s12939-020-01296-z id: cord-274895-rw5keyos author: Tao, Wenjuan title: Towards universal health coverage: lessons from 10 years of healthcare reform in China date: 2020-03-19 words: 5047.0 sentences: 284.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274895-rw5keyos.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274895-rw5keyos.txt summary: However, much of the early research focused solely on the first 3-year reform after 2009 in China, summary box ► Continued political support is the most important enabling condition for achieving universal health coverage (UHC). 42 43 Under the goal of achieving UHC, China concentrated on establishing the four systems (ie, public health service system, medical service system, health insurance system, and drug supply and security system), based on the eight functional mechanisms that could provide essential supports. There were five reform priorities: (1) accelerating the establishment of a basic health insurance system; (2) establishing a preliminary national essential drug system; (3) improving the primary care delivery system to provide basic healthcare; (4) making basic public health services (BPHS) available and equal for all; and (5) piloting public hospital reforms. abstract: Universal health coverage (UHC) is driving the global health agenda. Many countries have embarked on national policy reforms towards this goal, including China. In 2009, the Chinese government launched a new round of healthcare reform towards UHC, aiming to provide universal coverage of basic healthcare by the end of 2020. The year of 2019 marks the 10th anniversary of China’s most recent healthcare reform. Sharing China’s experience is especially timely for other countries pursuing reforms to achieve UHC. This study describes the social, economic and health context in China, and then reviews the overall progress of healthcare reform (1949 to present), with a focus on the most recent (2009) round of healthcare reform. The study comprehensively analyses key reform initiatives and major achievements according to four aspects: health insurance system, drug supply and security system, medical service system and public health service system. Lessons learnt from China may have important implications for other nations, including continued political support, increased health financing and a strong primary healthcare system as basis. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32257400/ doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2019-002086 id: cord-349489-8ldkbl2g author: Taylor, A.L. title: International Law and Public Health Policy date: 2008-08-26 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The field of international public health and the contribution of international organizations to its development is described. The growth and elaboration of the field of international public health law in the last decade and a half is one of the most notable developments in global health policy. In this new era of global health governance, international law has an important, albeit limited, role to play in promoting and coordinating international cooperation and national action to protect and promote global health. Particular attention is paid to the global health impact of international law developed under the auspices of the World Health Organization and the World Trade Organization. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123739605002379 doi: 10.1016/b978-012373960-5.00237-9 id: cord-354855-vwxbo01b author: Taylor, Allyn L title: Solidarity in the wake of COVID-19: reimagining the International Health Regulations date: 2020-06-19 words: 1255.0 sentences: 73.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354855-vwxbo01b.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354855-vwxbo01b.txt summary: Amid frenzied national responses to COVID-19, the world could soon reach a critical juncture to revisit and strengthen the International Health Regulations (IHR), the multilateral instrument that governs how 196 states and WHO collectively address the global spread of disease. 4 The concrete links between infectious disease control and global security provide a compelling rationale for an inspection mechanism that encourages states to be more forthright and accountable in reporting a potential PHEIC. Following more than a decade under the revised IHR, only a third of countries meet the core capacities of public health systems required therein, 2 impacting countries'' abilities to prevent, detect, and respond to disease outbreaks and putting "the whole world at risk". To ensure accountability for national capacity building, states should integrate an effective reporting mechanism to monitor implementation of IHR obligations. AP reports grants and personal fees as past and current consultant to WHO on global and public health law matters, including the IHR. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673620314173 doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31417-3 id: cord-301521-mpm43aga author: Teixeira, Andre Luiz Schuh title: La urgencia de implementar y ampliar la telepsiquiatría durante la crisis de COVID-19: perspectiva de los psiquiatras que inician su carrera date: 2020-06-12 words: 939.0 sentences: 67.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301521-mpm43aga.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301521-mpm43aga.txt summary: 2 Despite the disruptions in the normal functioning of psychiatric services, which have limited the ability to provide regular care, especially in outpatient settings, patients with new and existing mental health conditions should be followed up remotely. Telemedicine is defined by the American Psychiatric Association as "the process of providing health care from a distance through technology, often using videoconferencing". Telepsychiatry, a subgroup of telemedicine, involves providing psychiatric care through a range of services including psychiatric evaluations, therapy, patient education and medication management. 3 Early Career Psychiatrists (ECPs) from several regions of the world are optimistic that this pandemic will provide the opportunity to implement and expand telepsychiatry to urgently address the current mental health care needs of the population in times of physical distancing. 4 Indeed, telepsychiatry has already become a powerful tool in the mental health with demonstrated effectiveness in US and Australia for disorders like depression 5 , anxiety 6 , psychosis 7 and PTSD 8 . abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpsm.2020.06.001 doi: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2020.06.001 id: cord-259960-gejo9xdb author: Tekeli-Yesil, Sidika title: A Neglected Issue in Hospital Emergency and Disaster Planning: Non-standard Employment in Hospitals date: 2020-08-27 words: 2276.0 sentences: 109.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259960-gejo9xdb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259960-gejo9xdb.txt summary: However, the effects of non-standard employment on the disaster preparedness of health systems, particularly on hospitals'' emergency and disaster plans, have not yet been adequately studied. Specifically, the impacts of NSE on the disaster preparedness of health systems, particularly on hospitals'' emergency and disaster plans, have not been adequately studied thus far. Thus, this short communication paper identifies and discusses the neglected issue of NSE in hospital emergency and disaster planning to point out a further research need. In addition to these commonly discussed factors, changes in the work relationships of NSE might complicate the challenges of making hospitals resilient to hazards and prepared for disasters, if they are not considered during the preparedness process. Nevertheless, considering that during the recent pandemic, many countries'' health systems increased their capacity with non-standard employees, new evidence or arguments might emerge regarding the contributions of nonstandard employment to better planning for disasters and response to them. abstract: Work organization and relationships have changed over recent decades. Following the recent COVID-19 pandemic, the norms concerning work-related standards will likely change even more significantly. There has been a shift away from standard employment to non-standard employment (NSE), which includes fixed-term, part-time, on-call, agency-related employment, dependent self-employment, dispatch, and temporary employment, etc. in nearly every sector. The health sector is no exception. However, the effects of non-standard employment on the disaster preparedness of health systems, particularly on hospitals’ emergency and disaster plans, have not yet been adequately studied. Most crucial themes are engagement of non-standard employees in emergency and disaster planning and response, and the impact of non-standard employees in expanding hospitals’ capacity in large-scale events. This short communication paper aims to discuss this neglected issue in hospital emergency and disaster planning. In order to see whether NSE is considered in hospital disaster and emergency plans, two hospital disaster and emergency planning guidelines—the Hospital Incident Command System, and the Hospital Emergency Response Checklist developed by the World Health Organization—were assessed regarding NSE in their respective contexts. Although these guidelines are comprehensive tools for hospital preparedness, NSE is not specifically considered in any of them. However, it is essential that NSE, with its trade-offs, is considered in disaster plans to maintain an effective implementation of them. Further research and actions are necessary, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic, to identify how this reflection should be conducted and to supply evidence for further measures and revising emergency and disaster planning guidelines. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101823 doi: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101823 id: cord-292508-unoeicq0 author: Teshome, Abinet title: Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Its Associated Factors Among Health Care Workers Fighting COVID-19 in Southern Ethiopia date: 2020-11-05 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are among the many groups of people who are in the frontline caring for people and facing heavy workloads, life-or-death decisions, risk of infection, and have been facing various psychosocial problems. So, monitoring mental health issues to understand the mediating factors and inform evidence-based interventions in a timely fashion is vital. PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess generalized anxiety disorder and its associated factors among HCWs fighting COVID-19 in Southern Ethiopia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 798 HCWs from 20 May to 20 June 2020. A pre-tested and structured interviewer-administered KOBO collect survey tool was used to collect data. The study participants were selected using a simple random sampling technique by allocating a proportion to each health institute. The association between the level of generalized anxiety disorder and its independent variables was examined by ordinal logistic regression. Assumptions for the proportional odds model were checked using parallel line tests. An adjusted proportional odds ratio with a 95% CI was used to calculate the strength of the statistical association between the independent and dependent variables. RESULTS: The prevalence of mild and moderate anxiety disorder among HCWs was 29.3% and 6.3%, respectively. Contact with confirmed or suspected cases (aPOR =1.97; 95% CI: 1.239, 3.132), no COVID-19 updates (aPOR=4.816, 95% CI=2.957, 7.842), no confidence on coping with stresses (aPOR=2.74, 95% CI=1.633, 4.606), and COVID-19-related worry (aPOR=1.85, 95% CI=1.120, 3.056) were positively associated with higher-order anxiety disorder. However, not feeling overwhelmed by the demands of everyday life (aPOR=0.52, 95% CI=0.370, 0.733) and feeling cannot make it (aPOR=0.44, 95% CI=0.308, 0.626) were negatively associated with a higher order of anxiety. CONCLUSION: The study revealed that the prevalence of anxiety disorder among HCWs was high in the study area. The findings of the current study suggest immediate psychological intervention for health care workers in the study area is vital. Therefore, proactive measures should be taken by the stakeholders at different hierarchies to promote the psychological wellbeing of HCWs in order to control the impact of the pandemic on the HCWs, and containing the pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.2147/prbm.s282822 doi: 10.2147/prbm.s282822 id: cord-314383-1m2xkbok author: Testa, Alexander title: Incarceration Rates and Hospital Beds Per Capita: A Cross-National Study of 36 Countries, 1971-2015 date: 2020-08-03 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Rationale. Incarceration carries several negative ramifications for population health, while diverting scarce resources from other public goods. At a time when health care systems around the world are strained, the current study investigates the long-term relationship between incarceration and health care infrastructure. Objective. We investigated the longitudinal association between incarceration rates and hospital beds per capita for 36 countries between 1971-2015. Method. Fixed effects regression analyses were employed to examine the effect of within-country changes in incarceration rates on hospital beds per capita. Results. Findings demonstrated that increases in national incarceration rates over time were associated with declines in hospital beds per capita, net of controls for socio-demographic and economic factors. Conclusions. Increased incarceration negatively impacts hospital bed availability at the cross-national level. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0277953620304810 doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113262 id: cord-317864-44knig6g author: Thacker, S.B. title: Centers for Disease Control date: 2008-08-26 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Emerging from a small, wartime government program with a regional focus on malaria in 1946, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has become a global public health agency that addresses the entire scope of public health, with over 10 000 employees and contractors in nearly 200 occupations. The CDC's expertise has expanded in direct correlation with the expanding view of public health needs: it is recognized globally for its ability to respond to urgent threat related to disease epidemics and the health consequences of disaster and war. CDC programs have contributed significantly to the eradication and reduction of diseases such as smallpox, polio, and guinea worm, as well as the control of health problems such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), childhood lead poisoning, breast and cervical cancer, diabetes, violence, and unintentional injuries. CDC contributions in applied epidemiology, public health surveillance, risk factor reduction, and environmental risk assessment also have been critical to the practice of public health in the United States and around the world. The emerging concerns of the new century – genomics, globalization, the built environment, information technology, global warming, emerging infections, violence, and so forth – will require not only the traditional disciplines but also new expertise and new global partners, both public and private. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/B9780123739605003038 doi: 10.1016/b978-012373960-5.00303-8 id: cord-352293-ha7xts89 author: Thakur, Aditya title: Mental Health in High School Students at the Time of COVID-19: A Student’s Perspective date: 2020-08-26 words: 1202.0 sentences: 89.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352293-ha7xts89.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352293-ha7xts89.txt summary: This paper highlights key issues and offers practical solutions to address the mental health of adolescents during COVID-19 pandemic, from a high school student''s (HSS) perspective. Social distancing and school closures during the COVID-19 pandemic can worsen existing mental health problems in adolescents and increases the risk of future mental health issues. 2 An increase in domestic violence and abuse during this pandemic further exposes adolescents to risks of developing mental health problems. However, closure of schools during COVID-19 pandemic have taken away the protective layer of school-based mental health support. Within a pandemic environment of furloughs and job cuts, families may struggle to purchase technology for high schoolers who can benefit from school-based counseling support for mental health problems. 3 Quarantine, trauma and grief during the COVID-19 pandemic further increase the risk of mental health problems. Potential effects of "social" distancing measures and school lockdown on child and adolescent mental health. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2020.08.005 doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2020.08.005 id: cord-320184-wacoz5t9 author: Thirumalaikolundusubramanian, Ponniah title: Ethics, Legality, and Education in the Practice of Cardiology date: 2014-08-15 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Advances in diagnostics, drugs, and devices have revolutionized cardiology practice, and improved quality of life of the patients. However, awareness, achievements, and advances in cardiac health care have enhanced the demands and expectations of the community, which lacks awareness about the social, economic, administrative, professional, and technical constraints or limitations of implementation. Being unfamiliar with medical ethics and legal aspects of care, and suboptimal virtues among physicians, have led to patients and the public utilizing legal remedies. In addition, sophistication of medical practice, increasing costs of health care, involvement of insurance systems, increased awareness and high expectations from the community and patients, and increased participation of the media have altered the attitude toward claiming compensation and acquisition of health care delivery among the public. In view of the changing trends of consumers and emerging areas in health care, providers must get accustomed to patient empowerment and come up to their expectations. Interactive programs on these aspects in medical education will help students understand not only the intricacies of medical ethics and the laws and shortcomings of health professionals and/or health systems, but also strengthen their knowledge of ethics and laws to improve their practice. Principles of ethics and legal issues have to be discussed at every stage of medical education. To improve the quality of the physician–patient encounter, we need to develop formal and informal curricula about effective communication skills. This chapter also highlights preventive measures and educational aspects of cardiology practice. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124165953000232 doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-416595-3.00023-2 id: cord-277246-24u9e4wr author: Thomas, James C. title: Codes of Ethics in Public Health date: 2016-10-24 words: 3532.0 sentences: 184.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277246-24u9e4wr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277246-24u9e4wr.txt summary: A few organizations representing disciplines within public health, such as the Society for Public Health Education (SOPHE) and the American College of Epidemiology (ACE), have written ethical guidelines specific to their professions and consistent with the APHA Code of Ethics. Common ethics challenges have included the distribution of scarce resources for curing or preventing infection, protection of populations without unnecessarily infringing on individual rights, ensuring that health-care workers fulfill their duties when they and their families are at risk, and ensuring that health-care organizations fulfill their obligations to employees who are taking risks. Three professional perspectives were represented in the drafting of the Public Health Code of Ethics: law, philosophy, and public health practice. For example, the 11th principle in the Code states, "Public health institutions should ensure the professional competence of their employees." abstract: Ethics in public health were distilled into a professional code relatively recently, with adoption of a code by the American Public Health Association (APHA) a little more than 10 years ago. In that short time, however, the code has influenced standards for public health practice and education. A few organizations representing disciplines within public health, such as the Society for Public Health Education (SOPHE) and the American College of Epidemiology (ACE), have written ethical guidelines specific to their professions and consistent with the APHA Code of Ethics. Codes related explicitly to public health ethics in countries other than the US have yet to be written. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/B9780128036785000795 doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-803678-5.00079-5 id: cord-283259-cmim32lx author: Thombs, Brett D. title: Curating evidence on mental health during COVID-19: A living systematic review date: 2020-04-27 words: 2052.0 sentences: 86.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283259-cmim32lx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283259-cmim32lx.txt summary: A February 2020 review [2] identified 24 studies from previous infectious disease outbreaks on psychological outcomes among people quarantined after being exposed to others who had been infected, including studies from severe acute respiratory syndrome in mainland There are important limitations, however, that reduce our ability to easily apply that evidence to decision-making in COVID-19; among them, (1) few studies used validated mental health outcome measures; To this end, in partnership with the Journal of Psychosomatic Research, we are launching a living systematic review [7] to evaluate (1) levels of mental health symptoms, prioritizing studies that assess changes in symptoms from pre-COVID-19 or compare concurrent samples between participants with different experiences with COVID-19 (e.g., those infected versus healthy comparison sample); (2) factors associated with levels or changes in symptoms during COVID-19, and (3) the effect of interventions on mental health symptoms during COVID-19. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0022399920304542 doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110113 id: cord-264974-hspek930 author: Timmis, Kenneth title: The COVID‐19 pandemic: some lessons learned about crisis preparedness and management, and the need for international benchmarking to reduce deficits date: 2020-05-03 words: 7222.0 sentences: 275.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264974-hspek930.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264974-hspek930.txt summary: If, despite the explicit warning of the World Health Organization in 2011 that ''The world is ill-prepared to respond to a severe influenza pandemic or to any similarly global, sustained and threatening public-health emergency'' (https://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA64/A64_10en.pdf), it was not apparent to those in charge, and to the general public-i.e., those suffering from COVID-19 infections and the funders of health services (tax/insurance payers)-that existing health systems had inherent vulnerabilities which could prove to be devastating when seriously stressed, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic (e.g., see Brüssow, 2020 ) has brutally exposed it now. International benchmarking is mandatory, because it has become clear that there is a wide range of effectiveness in the ability of different countries with developed economies to respond to this crisis (and probably others), and the tax-paying public has no compelling reason to tolerate perpetuation of factors underlying poor responses to crises. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32319151/ doi: 10.1111/1462-2920.15029 id: cord-035138-7v92aukg author: Tognoni, Gianni title: Health as a Human Right: A Fake News in a Post-human World? date: 2020-11-10 words: 5060.0 sentences: 229.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-035138-7v92aukg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-035138-7v92aukg.txt summary: Based on a synthetic overview that embraces the evolution of the ''health'' concept, and its related institutions, from the role of health as the main indicator of fundamental human rights—as envisaged in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights—to its qualification as the systems of disease control dependent on criteria of economic sustainability, the paper focuses on the implications and the impact of such evolution in two model scenarios which are centred on the COVID-19 pandemia. 1 Their cumulative experience, derived from the insides of these most diverse scenarios, has provided them with a solid confirmation of what has emerged with a growing consensus also in the most prestigious ''scientific'' literature, in the last 10 years: structural inequality is the direct product and the expected outcome of the mainstream models of development, which trigger a highly visible impact on the rights to health and life, and prove to be a systemic source of in-human levels of inequity (Evans 2020 ). abstract: Based on a synthetic overview that embraces the evolution of the ‘health’ concept, and its related institutions, from the role of health as the main indicator of fundamental human rights—as envisaged in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights—to its qualification as the systems of disease control dependent on criteria of economic sustainability, the paper focuses on the implications and the impact of such evolution in two model scenarios which are centred on the COVID-19 pandemia. The article analyses COVID-19 both in the characteristics of its global dynamics and in its concrete management, as performed in a model medium income country, Argentina. In a world which has progressively assigned market values and goods an absolute strategic and political priority over the health needs and the rights to health of individual and peoples, the recognition of health as human right is confined to aspirational recommendations and rather hollowed out declarations of good will. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7653451/ doi: 10.1057/s41301-020-00269-7 id: cord-314920-ovp8qrqt author: Tokuç, Burcu title: Which Threats to Global Health Pose a Problem for Turkey’s Health? date: 2019-05-10 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30821137/ doi: 10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2019.2019.3.001 id: cord-035016-ipv8npdy author: Torreele, Els title: Business-as-Usual will not Deliver the COVID-19 Vaccines We Need date: 2020-11-09 words: 5574.0 sentences: 203.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-035016-ipv8npdy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-035016-ipv8npdy.txt summary: Touted by many as a major tour de force, the ongoing ''race'' towards a vaccine is also exposing the intrinsic deficiencies of relying on for-profit pharmaceutical companies, that are governed by trade rules, financial speculation and market competition, to ensure the development of essential health technologies. This is antithetical to a collective intelligence effort that would allow scientists all over the world to creatively combine the best elements of our medical knowledge and technological advances into a diverse and innovative portfolio of vaccine candidates with the best chance to achieve our common public health goal (Torreele 2020b) . 5 A milestone resolution on transparency around medical R&D was passed at the 2019 World Health Assembly (Fletcher 2019 ), yet governments so far have failed to implement these commitments, despite huge financial investments in COVID-19 R&D that could have been used as leverage to demand transparency on scientific methods and data, as well as clinical trial costs, and set performance targets for the vaccines. abstract: Governments must become active shapers of medical innovation and drive the development of critical health technologies as global health commons. The ‘race’ for COVID-19 vaccines is exposing the deficiencies of a business-as-usual medical innovation ecosystem driven by corporate interests, not health outcomes. Instead of bolstering collective intelligence, it relies on competition between proprietary vaccines and allows the bar on safety and efficacy to be lowered, risking people’s health and undermining their trust. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7649577/ doi: 10.1057/s41301-020-00261-1 id: cord-339380-1gq9wy32 author: Tracy, Derek K. title: What should be done to support the mental health of healthcare staff treating COVID-19 patients? date: 2020-05-19 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: There is an urgent need to provide evidence-based well-being and mental health support for front-line clinical staff managing the COVID-19 pandemic who are at risk of moral injury and mental illness. We describe the evidence base for a tiered model of care, and practical steps on its implementation. url: https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2020.109 doi: 10.1192/bjp.2020.109 id: cord-259121-l02ro31v author: Tsai, Alexander C title: US elections: treating the acute-on-chronic decompensation date: 2020-09-29 words: 883.0 sentences: 55.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259121-l02ro31v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259121-l02ro31v.txt summary: The country is experiencing a sustained period of economic contraction resulting from local policy (eg, stay-at-home orders) and spontaneous collective physical distancing responses to the COVID-19 epidemic. The next presidential administration needs to recognise that the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA represents a set of acute derangements overlaid upon a chronic erosion of health and wellbeing. Unprecedented socioeconomic and racial/ethnic disparities in population health decline are occurring in tandem with stagnating economic outcomes as well as spiking income and wealth inequality. More substantive changes to labour and housing markets, immigration policy, and the carceral system will be needed to directly benefit Black, Latin, and American Indian populations, who have long borne the brunt of deeply entrenched structural racism in the USA. But from the perspective of economic wellbeing and population health, both acutely and chronically, none of abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33007207/ doi: 10.1016/s2468-2667(20)30212-7 id: cord-016361-upjhmfca author: Tshilenge Mfumu, Jean-Claude title: A Multiagent-Based Model for Epidemic Disease Monitoring in DR Congo date: 2019-07-16 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Any infectious diseases have been reported in sub-Saharan countries over the past decade due to the inefficiency of health structures to anticipate outbreaks. In a poorly-infrastructure country such as the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), with inadequate health staff and laboratories, it is difficult to respond rapidly to an epidemic, especially in rural areas. As the DRC’s health system has three levels (peripheral, regional and national), from the production of health data at the peripheral level to the national level that makes the decision, meantime the disease can spread to many people. Lack of communication between health centres of the same health zone and Health zones of the same Health Provincial Division does not contribute to the regional response. This article, an extended version of [1], proposes a well elaborated solution track to deal with this problem by using an agent-centric approach to study by simulation how to improve the process. A new experiment is described by arranging twenty-eight health zones of Kinshasa to show how their collaboration can provide unique health data source for all stakeholders and help reducing disease propagation. It concerns also 47 health centres, 1 medical laboratory, 1 Provincial Health Division and 4 Rapid Riposte Teams. The simulation data, provided by Provincial Health Division of Kinshasa, concerned cholera outbreak from January to December 2017. The interaction between these agents demonstrated that Health Zone Agent can automatically alert his neighbours whenever he encountered a confirmed case of an outbreak. This action can reduce disease propagation as population will be provided with prevention measures. These interactions between agents have provided models to propose to the current system in order to find out the best that can help reducing decision time. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7120616/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-29196-9_17 id: cord-263261-xhem8l39 author: Tulchinsky, Theodore H. title: Bismarck and the Long Road to Universal Health Coverage date: 2018-03-30 words: 16276.0 sentences: 756.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263261-xhem8l39.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263261-xhem8l39.txt summary: Each nation will develop its own unique approach to national health systems, but there are models used by a number of countries based on principles of national responsibility for health, social solidarity for providing funding, and for effective ways of providing care with comprehensiveness, efficiency, quality, and cost containment. Health reform is necessarily a continuing process as all countries must adapt to face challenges of cost constraints, inequalities in access to care, aging populations, emergence of new disease conditions and advancing technology including the growing capacity of medicine, public health and health promotion. Despite rapid increases in health care expenditures during the 1970s and 1980s, despite improved health promotion activities and rapidly developing medical technology, the health status of the American population G Preventive programs strong tradition; screening for cancer; smoking reduction; food fortification, school lunch programs; nutrition support for poor pregnant women and children (WIC); G Hospitals obliged to provide emergency care to all regardless of insurance status, citizenship, legal status or ability to pay has improved less rapidly than that in other western countries and universal coverage has not been achieved. abstract: The 2015 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) state that All United Nations Member States have agreed to try to achieve Universal Health Coverage by 2030. This includes financial risk protection, access to quality essential health care services and access to safe, effective, quality and affordable essential medicines and vaccines for all. Universal health coverage (UHC) means inclusion and empowerment for all people to access medical care, including treatment and prevention services. UHC exists in all the industrial nations except the US, which has a mixed public-private system and struggles with closing the gap between the insured and the uninsured population. Middle- and low-income countries face many challenges for UHC achievement, including low levels of funding, lack of personnel, weak health management, and issues of availability of services favoring middle- and upper-class communities. Community health services for preventive and curative health services for needs in populations at risk for poor health in low-income countries must be addressed with proactive health promotion initiatives for the double burden of infectious and noncommunicable diseases. Each nation will develop its own unique approach to national health systems, but there are models used by a number of countries based on principles of national responsibility for health, social solidarity for providing funding, and for effective ways of providing care with comprehensiveness, efficiency, quality, and cost containment. Universal access does not eliminate social inequalities in health by itself, including a wide context of reducing social inequities. Understanding national health systems requires examining representative models of different systems. Health reform is necessarily a continuing process as all countries must adapt to face challenges of cost constraints, inequalities in access to care, aging populations, emergence of new disease conditions and advancing technology including the growing capacity of medicine, public health and health promotion. The growing stress of increasing obesity, diabetes, and other chronic diseases, requires nations to modify their health care systems. Learning from the systems developed in different countries helps to learn from the processes of change in other countries. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128045718000317 doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-804571-8.00031-7 id: cord-303165-ikepr2p2 author: Tulchinsky, Theodore H. title: Expanding the Concept of Public Health date: 2014-10-10 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Ancient societies recognized the needs of sanitation, food safety, workers’ health, and medical care to protect against disease and to promote well-being and civic prosperity. New energies and knowledge since the eighteenth century produced landmark discoveries such as prevention of scurvy and vaccination against smallpox. The biological germ theory and competing miasma theory each proved effective in sanitation, and immunization in control of infectious diseases. Non-communicable diseases as the leading causes of mortality have responded to innovative preventive care of health risk factors, smoking, hypertension, obesity, physical inactivity, unhealthful diets, and diabetes mellitus. Health promotion proved effective to modern public health in tackling disease origins, individual behavior, and social and economic conditions. The global burden of infectious and non-communicable diseases, aging and chronic illness faces rising costs and still inadequate prevention. The evolution of concepts of public health will have to address these new challenges of population health. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124157668000021 doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-415766-8.00002-1 id: cord-325300-wawui0fd author: Tulchinsky, Theodore H. title: 4 Communicable Diseases date: 2000-12-31 words: 31276.0 sentences: 1672.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-325300-wawui0fd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325300-wawui0fd.txt summary: No less important are organized programs to promote self protection, case finding, and effective treatment of infections to stop their spread to other susceptible persons (e.g., HIV, sexually transmitted diseases, tuberculosis, malaria). Very great progress has been made in infectious disease control by clinical, public health, and societal means since 1900 in the industrialized countries and since the 1970s in the developing world. The WHO in 1998 has declared hepatitis prevention as a major public health crisis, with an estimated 170 million persons infected worldwide (1996) , stressing that this "silent epidemic" is being neglected and that screening of blood products is vital to reduce transmission of this disease as for HIu HCV is a major cause of chronic cirrhosis and liver cancer. Varicella vaccine is now recommended for routine immunization at age 12-18 months in the United States, with catch-up for children up to age 13 years and for occupationally exposed persons in health or child care settings. abstract: Publisher Summary In a world of rapid international transport and contact between populations, systems are needed to monitor the potential explosive spread of pathogens that may be transferred from their normal habitat. The potential for the international spread of new or reinvigorated infectious diseases constitute threat to mankind akin to ecological and other man-made disasters. Public health has addressed the issues of communicable disease as one of its key issues in protecting individual and population health. Methods of intervention include classic public health through sanitation, immunization, and well beyond that into nutrition, education, case finding, and treatment, and changing human behavior. The knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and practices of policy makers, health care providers, and parents is as important in the success of communicable disease control as are the technology available and methods of financing health systems. Together, these encompass the broad programmatic approach of the New Public Health to control of communicable diseases. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/B9780127033501500061 doi: 10.1016/b978-012703350-1/50006-1 id: cord-333599-hl11ln2r author: Tulchinsky, Theodore H. title: Planning and Managing Health Systems date: 2014-10-10 words: 19701.0 sentences: 839.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-333599-hl11ln2r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333599-hl11ln2r.txt summary: Planning and management are changing in the era of the New Public Health with advances in prevention and treatment of disease, population health needs, innovative technologies such as genetic engineering, new immunizations that prevent cancers and infectious diseases, prevention of non-communicable diseases, environmental and nutritional health, and health promotion to reduce risk factors and improve healthful living for the individual and the community. Selection of the direction to be taken in organizing health services is usually based on a mix of factors, including the political view of the government, public opinion, and rational assessment of needs as indicated through epidemiological data, cost-benefit analysis, the experience of "good public health practice" from leading countries, and recommendations by expert groups. Health is a knowledge-based service industry, so that knowledge management and information technology are extremely important parts of the New Public Health, not only in patient care systems in hospitals, but also in public health delivery systems in the community, school, place of work, and home. abstract: Health systems are complex organizations. They are often the largest single employer in a country, with expenditures of public and private money of 4–17 percent of gross domestic product. Overall and individual facility management requires mission statements, objectives, targets, budgets, activities planning, human interaction, services delivery, and quality assurance. Health organization involves a vast complex of stakeholders and participants, suppliers and purchasers, regulators and direct providers, and individual patients, and their decision-making. These include pyramidal and network organizations and ethical decision-making based on public interest, resource allocations, priority selection, and assurance of certain codes of law and ethical conduct. This chapter discusses how complex organizations work, with potential for application in health, and the motivations of workers and of the population being served. Organization theory helps in devising methods to integrate relevant factors to become more effective in defining and achieving goals and missions. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/B9780124157668000124 doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-415766-8.00012-4 id: cord-272965-l0d7rgt0 author: Turcotte-Tremblay, Anne-Marie title: Global health is more than just ‘Public Health Somewhere Else’ date: 2020-05-07 words: 1969.0 sentences: 117.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-272965-l0d7rgt0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272965-l0d7rgt0.txt summary: ► King and Koski''s definition of global health may exacerbate inequities by reserving the right to call oneself a global health researcher to those who are privileged and have access to funding that enables them to travel to other settings. Moreover, King and Koski''s 1 definition is not adequate because some global health initiatives are aimed at finding solutions to domestic problems, whether it be in a high, middle or low-income country. 6 7 There are examples of global health research and interventions where countries and communities have worked collaboratively and shared expertise, cultural knowledge and other resources to develop appropriate and effective solutions. 6 11 12 Recognising global health as a field in its own right is crucial to ensure there are dedicated resources for training and forums where the global health community can exchange and share knowledge, so that best practices can be further promoted, especially among students and emerging researchers and practitioners. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002545 doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002545 id: cord-005159-6agnsbyd author: Turner, Bryan Stanley title: Vulnerability, diversity and scarcity: on universal rights date: 2013-07-12 words: 5734.0 sentences: 272.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-005159-6agnsbyd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-005159-6agnsbyd.txt summary: We argue that bioethics has a universal range because it relates to three shared human characteristics,—human vulnerability, institutional precariousness and scarcity of resources. The generic concepts of ''ethics of rights'' and ''ethics of duties'' (Patrão Neves 2009)-found implicitly in most official bioethics documents-can be viewed as two relevant ideas for a sociological study of human rights and global health policy. We argue that bioethics has a universal range because it relates to three shared human characteristics,-human vulnerability, institutional precariousness and scarcity of resources. We defend the idea some conditions such as human vulnerability, precariousness institutions and scarcity of resources, are common to human societies and can serve as a grounding for future research in bioethics. In its report on the Principle of respect for human vulnerability and personal integrity, the International Bioethics Committee notably indicates that the ''most significant worldwide barrier to improving the levels of attainment of health through health care interventions is the scarcity of resources'' (UNESCO 2011: 29) . abstract: This article makes a contribution to the on-going debates about universalism and cultural relativism from the perspective of sociology. We argue that bioethics has a universal range because it relates to three shared human characteristics,—human vulnerability, institutional precariousness and scarcity of resources. These three components of our argument provide support for a related notion of ‘weak foundationalism’ that emphasizes the universality and interrelatedness of human experience, rather than their cultural differences. After presenting a theoretical position on vulnerability and human rights, we draw on recent criticism of this approach in order to paint a more nuanced picture. We conclude that the dichotomy between universalism and cultural relativism has some conceptual merit, but it also has obvious limitations when we consider the political economy of health and its impact on social inequality. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7088674/ doi: 10.1007/s11019-013-9500-6 id: cord-275056-nl4rhvlu author: Turner, Cameron title: The ALPHA Project: An architecture for leveraging public health applications date: 2005-12-13 words: 7392.0 sentences: 427.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-275056-nl4rhvlu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-275056-nl4rhvlu.txt summary: The architecture has been used to build eleven surveillance applications for the Public Health Agency of Canada in the areas of disease surveillance, survey, distributed data collection and inventory management. CONCLUSIONS: We have found that a software architecture that addresses requirements on policies, security and flexibility facilitates the development of configurable public health applications. The purpose of the ALPHA Project is to develop a software application architecture based on the philosophy of configuring and reusing common components to produce services that would be used to enable faster development of robust, maintainable public health applications. At the Public Health Agency of Canada, many different surveillance system applications have been developed using different technologies to collect data for specific diseases. For instance, a Disease Access Service uses the Profiler Component to provide the access control functionality specifically for case information on different diseases. abstract: OBJECTIVE: Public health surveillance applications are central to the collection, analysis and dissemination of disease and health information. As these applications evolve and mature, it is evident that many of these applications must address similar requirements, such as policies, security and flexibility. It is important a software architecture is created to meet these requirements. METHODS: We outline the requirements for a public health surveillance application, and define a set of common components to address these requirements. These components are configured to produce services used in the development of public health applications. RESULTS: A layered software architecture, the ALPHA architecture, has been developed to support the development of public health applications. The architecture has been used to build eleven surveillance applications for the Public Health Agency of Canada in the areas of disease surveillance, survey, distributed data collection and inventory management. CONCLUSIONS: We have found that a software architecture that addresses requirements on policies, security and flexibility facilitates the development of configurable public health applications. By creating this architecture, key success factors, such as reducing cost and time-to-market of applications, adapting to changing surveillance targets and increasing user efficiency are achieved. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1386505605002169 doi: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2005.10.006 id: cord-016536-8wfyaxcb author: Ubokudom, Sunday E. title: Physical, Social and Cultural, and Global Influences date: 2012-02-20 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: In Chap. 5, we examined the technological environment of the health care policy-making system. Specifically, we examined the classification, evolution, and diffusion of medical technology; the effects of medical technology on medical training and the practice of medicine; effects on medical costs, quality of care, and quality of life; effects on access to care; the ethical concerns raised by medical technology; and the practice of technology assessment. We concluded the chapter by observing that the growth of technology, as well as other human endeavors, affects other important aspects of our lives, most notably, the air we breathe, the food we eat, the generation of radioactive by-products and toxic chemicals, the manufacture of illicit drugs, and the generation of natural and man-made hazards. In other words, in addition to their effects on the health care system, technology and other human activities affect many other aspects of our lives that are associated with health. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7120848/ doi: 10.1007/978-1-4614-3169-5_6 id: cord-355488-ajlmyjoe author: Ullrich, Sarah title: Navigating the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons From Global Surgery date: 2020-06-08 words: 2157.0 sentences: 123.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-355488-ajlmyjoe.txt txt: ./txt/cord-355488-ajlmyjoe.txt summary: This crisis has brought attention to the need to address the shortage of more broadly trained personnel and generalist physicians, which is largely attributed to the high costs Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited. The widespread, immediate implications of the acute shortages during the COVID-19 pandemic have highlighted the need for systems strengthening in both HIC and LMIC and haveforced us to re-examine our approach to healthcare delivery.Telemedicine is being optimized globally more than ever before to prevent surges through forward triage, minimize healthcare worker exposures and address workforce shortages. These lessonshave highlighted the need for long-term investment to build flexible, resilient health systems and are sure to help providers in both HIC and LMIC care for more patients safely and effectively both during this pandemic and long after it ends. Learning how LMIC providers manage resource limitations through global surgery collaborations can give surgeons working in HIC valuable perspective that has become increasingly relevant during the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32520740/ doi: 10.1097/sla.0000000000004115 id: cord-271914-idvf47rs author: Umucu, Emre title: Pain intensity and mental health quality of life in veterans with mental illnesses: the intermediary role of physical health and the ability to participate in activities date: 2020-09-24 words: 4837.0 sentences: 226.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271914-idvf47rs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271914-idvf47rs.txt summary: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the intermediary role of physical health quality of life and ability to participate social roles and activities in the relationship between pain intensity and mental health quality of life in veterans with mental illnesses. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the intermediary role of physical health quality of life and ability to participate in social roles and activities in the relationship between pain intensity and mental health quality of life in veterans with mental illnesses. Although there is a lack of research examining the intermediary role of physical health QOL and ability to participate in social roles and activities for the relationship between pain intensity and mental health QOL among veterans, it is also important to report that our findings are partially consistent with some studies with different populations. abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the intermediary role of physical health quality of life and ability to participate social roles and activities in the relationship between pain intensity and mental health quality of life in veterans with mental illnesses. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional correlational design study. Our participants are 156 veterans with self-reported mental illness (M(age) = 37.85; SD(age) = 10.74). Descriptive, correlation, and mediation analyses were conducted for the current study. RESULTS: Pain intensity was negatively correlated with physical health QOL, ability to participate in social roles and activities, and mental health QOL. Physical health QOL and ability to participate in social roles and activities were positively associated with mental health QOL, respectively. Physical health QOL was positively correlated with a ability to participate in social roles and activities. Study results indicate that the effect of pain intensity on mental health QOL can be explained by physical health QOL and ability to participate. CONCLUSIONS: Specific recommendations for practitioners include implementing treatment goals that simultaneously focus on physical health and ability to participate in social roles and activities for clients who present with both physical pain and low mental health QOL. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-020-02642-y doi: 10.1007/s11136-020-02642-y id: cord-017463-repm1vw9 author: Ungchusak, Kumnuan title: Public Health Surveillance: A Vital Alert and Response Function date: 2018-07-27 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Ungchusak, Heymann and Pollack address the critical global issue of public health surveillance. They describe how epidemiologists collect and use surveillance data to detect unusual events or outbreaks and to guide control programmes. Drawing on their combined international experience, the authors explain the vital role that data play in alerting authorities to respond to outbreaks such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, Ebola, Zika virus and Avian influenza. They point to the importance of sharing information globally while ensuring equal benefits to providers of data, coordinating surveillance activities across sectors, building capacity for surveillance and coordinating national surveillance activities. The authors emphasise the need for enhanced global cooperation to prepare for future public health emergencies of international concern. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7122032/ doi: 10.1057/978-1-137-54984-6_10 id: cord-316543-1tb2tkis author: Urooj, Uzma title: Expectations, Fears and Perceptions of doctors during Covid-19 Pandemic date: 2020-05-17 words: 2610.0 sentences: 177.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316543-1tb2tkis.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316543-1tb2tkis.txt summary: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to explore the expectations and fears faced by doctors during Covid-19 Pandemic. A questionnaire exploring expectations of doctors from administration and seniors as well as their fears while working during pandemic, was developed on Google survey Forms. This study was conducted to assess the perceptions, expectations and fears of doctors during the Covid-19 pandemic and identify the areas which need to be addressed. 16 Our health care workers expected seniors and peers to be more empathetic, cooperative, not to panic, show team work, role modelling and support. Another cross-sectional, survey-based study collected demographic data and mental health measurements from 1257 health care workers in 34 hospitals from January 29, 2020, to February 3, 2020, in China. Impact on Mental Health and Perceptions of Psychological Care among Medical and Nursing Staff in Wuhan during the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease Outbreak: A cross-sectional study abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to explore the expectations and fears faced by doctors during Covid-19 Pandemic. METHODS: This is a mixed method exploratory survey. A questionnaire exploring expectations of doctors from administration and seniors as well as their fears while working during pandemic, was developed on Google survey Forms. It included eight closed ended questions and four open ended questions. Data was collected through online Google survey Forms during month of March and April 2020. Doctors were approached through email and WhatsApp group. RESULTS: The mean age of participants was 33.58±4.21 years. Female 150(67.5%) and Male 72(32.4%) participated. 29(13.1%) Associate Professor, 34(15.3%) Assistant Professor, 56(25.2%) Senior Residents and 103(46.3%) residents, medical officers and house officers responded to the survey. 134(60.3%) doctors were working in hospitals which were not dealing with Covid-19. Fear included, infecting family members 177(79.7%), rapid spread of disease 140(63%), complications of disease 134(60.3%), becoming a carrier in 64(28.8%) and 62(27.9%) feared missing the diagnosis. More than 80% expected from seniors and administration, of providing PPE, facilitation, continue chain of supply of essential items, ensuring doctor safety, avoiding exposure of all doctors and keeping reserve workforce, limiting routine checkups, avoid panic and 20% had no expectations. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that doctors had their fears and perceptions regarding pandemic which need to be addressed while policy making. They fear wellbeing of their families and contacting Covid-19, if not provided proper PPE. Our study provides insight of expectations, fears and perceptions of our frontline which invariably gives insight of the views of healthcare workers. url: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.covid19-s4.2643 doi: 10.12669/pjms.36.covid19-s4.2643 id: cord-011677-axv32kys author: Van Beveren, Laura title: A Critical Perspective on Mental Health News in Six European Countries: How Are “Mental Health/Illness” and “Mental Health Literacy” Rhetorically Constructed? date: 2020-04-04 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: In this study, we aim to contribute to the field of critical health communication research by examining how notions of mental health and illness are discursively constructed in newspapers and magazines in six European countries and how these constructions relate to specific understandings of mental health literacy. Using the method of cluster-agon analysis, we identified four terminological clusters in our data, in which mental health/illness is conceptualized as “dangerous,” “a matter of lifestyle,” “a unique story and experience,” and “socially situated.” We furthermore found that we cannot unambiguously assume that biopsychiatric discourses or discourses aimed at empathy and understanding are either exclusively stigmatizing or exclusively empowering and normalizing. We consequently call for a critical conception of mental health literacy arguing that all mental health news socializes its audience in specific understandings of and attitudes toward mental health (knowledge) and that discourses on mental health/illness can work differently in varying contexts. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7307005/ doi: 10.1177/1049732320912409 id: cord-283485-xit6najq author: Van Damme, Wim title: The COVID-19 pandemic: diverse contexts; different epidemics—how and why? date: 2020-07-27 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: It is very exceptional that a new disease becomes a true pandemic. Since its emergence in Wuhan, China, in late 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes COVID-19, has spread to nearly all countries of the world in only a few months. However, in different countries, the COVID-19 epidemic takes variable shapes and forms in how it affects communities. Until now, the insights gained on COVID-19 have been largely dominated by the COVID-19 epidemics and the lockdowns in China, Europe and the USA. But this variety of global trajectories is little described, analysed or understood. In only a few months, an enormous amount of scientific evidence on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 has been uncovered (knowns). But important knowledge gaps remain (unknowns). Learning from the variety of ways the COVID-19 epidemic is unfolding across the globe can potentially contribute to solving the COVID-19 puzzle. This paper tries to make sense of this variability—by exploring the important role that context plays in these different COVID-19 epidemics; by comparing COVID-19 epidemics with other respiratory diseases, including other coronaviruses that circulate continuously; and by highlighting the critical unknowns and uncertainties that remain. These unknowns and uncertainties require a deeper understanding of the variable trajectories of COVID-19. Unravelling them will be important for discerning potential future scenarios, such as the first wave in virgin territories still untouched by COVID-19 and for future waves elsewhere. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003098 doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003098 id: cord-031017-xjnbmah5 author: Van Goethem, N. title: Perceived utility and feasibility of pathogen genomics for public health practice: a survey among public health professionals working in the field of infectious diseases, Belgium, 2019 date: 2020-08-31 words: 8492.0 sentences: 360.0 pages: flesch: 32.0 cache: ./cache/cord-031017-xjnbmah5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-031017-xjnbmah5.txt summary: METHODS: In May 2019, Belgian public health and healthcare professionals were invited to complete an online survey containing eight main topics including background questions, general attitude towards pathogen genomics for public health practice and main concerns, genomic literacy, current and planned NGS activities, place of NGS in diagnostic microbiology pathways, data sharing obstacles, end-user requirements, and key drivers for the implementation of NGS. The following criteria were included (top to bottom): clinical and/or public health significance, priority with respect to preventing the spread of antimicrobial resistance, local/national/international policy surveillance priorities or obligations, importance of prevention and control programs (e.g. vaccination), utility of WGS for diagnostics and/or treatment decisions (individual patient care), utility of increased resolution to infer relatedness that would not be obtained via conventional methods, availability of high-quality/complete/standardized epidemiological and/or clinical data to provide context to the WGS results, possibility to link genomic data from different sources (food-animalhuman-environment), cost-effectiveness (e.g. replacing multiple tests), time-saving compared to conventional testing methods, impact on outcomes for patients and populations (translation into actionable results), availability of WGS typing schemes and reference databases (e.g. for antimicrobial resistance), availability of validated (quality-controlled) WGS workflows (both wet and dry laboratory), availability of expertise to generate, analyze and interpret WGS data, and availability of the appropriate infrastructure (sequence technology, high-performance computing, data storage, etc.). abstract: BACKGROUND: Pathogen genomics is increasingly being translated from the research setting into the activities of public health professionals operating at different levels. This survey aims to appraise the literacy level and gather the opinions of public health experts and allied professionals working in the field of infectious diseases in Belgium concerning the implementation of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in public health practice. METHODS: In May 2019, Belgian public health and healthcare professionals were invited to complete an online survey containing eight main topics including background questions, general attitude towards pathogen genomics for public health practice and main concerns, genomic literacy, current and planned NGS activities, place of NGS in diagnostic microbiology pathways, data sharing obstacles, end-user requirements, and key drivers for the implementation of NGS. Descriptive statistics were used to report on the frequency distribution of multiple choice responses whereas thematic analysis was used to analyze free text responses. A multivariable logistic regression model was constructed to identify important predictors for a positive attitude towards the implementation of pathogen genomics in public health practice. RESULTS: 146 out of the 753 invited public health professionals completed the survey. 63% of respondents indicated that public health agencies should be using genomics to understand and control infectious diseases. Having a high level of expertise in the field of pathogen genomics was the strongest predictor of a positive attitude (OR = 4.04, 95% CI = 1.11 – 17.23). A significantly higher proportion of data providers indicated to have followed training in the field of pathogen genomics compared to data end-users (p < 0.001). Overall, 79% of participants expressed interest in receiving further training. Main concerns were related to the cost of sequencing technologies, data sharing, data integration, interdisciplinary working, and bioinformatics expertise. CONCLUSIONS: Belgian health professionals expressed favorable views about implementation of pathogen genomics in their work activities related to infectious disease surveillance and control. They expressed the need for suitable training initiatives to strengthen their competences in the field. Their perception of the utility and feasibility of pathogen genomics for public health purposes will be a key driver for its further implementation. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7456758/ doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-09428-4 id: cord-261218-tgbw81ua author: Vardoulakis, Sotiris title: Urban Environmental Health Interventions towards the Sustainable Development Goals date: 2020-08-07 words: 2022.0 sentences: 88.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261218-tgbw81ua.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261218-tgbw81ua.txt summary: Since the majority of the global population lives in cities, it is crucial to identify, evaluate and implement urban interventions (such as such as zero carbon housing, active transport, better urban connectivity, air pollution control, clean household fuels, and protection from heat and flood events) that will improve health and wellbeing and make our natural and built environment more sustainable. Well-planned, sustainable, changes to urban transport, housing, land use, renewable energy generation, and waste management have the potential to lead to improvements in air and water quality and liveability of urban environments providing multiple benefits including improved public health, reduced inequalities and higher productivity in cities . The Healthy-Polis Consortium for Urban Environmental Health and Sustainability (www.healthy-polis.org) aims to contribute to the implementation of the SDGs by identifying and evaluating specific policy initiatives, case studies, evidence gaps, and opportunities for research and translation into environmental public health practice in cities around the world. abstract: Abstract The aim of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is to achieve a better and more sustainable future for all by 2030. Since the majority of the global population lives in cities, it is crucial to identify, evaluate and implement urban interventions (such as such as zero carbon housing, active transport, better urban connectivity, air pollution control, clean household fuels, and protection from heat and flood events) that will improve health and wellbeing and make our natural and built environment more sustainable. This Virtual Special Issue (VSI) comprises of 14 diverse case studies, methods and tools that provide suggestions and interventions which directly or indirectly support the achievement of the UN SDGs. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0048969720350592 doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141530 id: cord-347605-6db4gwhk author: Vento, Sandro title: Violence Against Healthcare Workers: A Worldwide Phenomenon With Serious Consequences date: 2020-09-18 words: 2251.0 sentences: 109.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347605-6db4gwhk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347605-6db4gwhk.txt summary: Verbal and physical violence against healthcare workers (HCWs) have reached considerable levels worldwide, and the World Medical Association has most recently defined violence against health personnel "an international emergency that undermines the very foundations of health systems and impacts critically on patient''s health" (1) . Two systematic reviews and meta-analyses published at the end of 2019 found a high prevalence of workplace violence by patients and visitors against nurses and physicians (2) , and show that occupational violence against HCWs in dental healthcare centers is not uncommon (3) . The recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses and the World Health Organization condemnation of the attacks against HCWs treating patients with COVID-19 have confirmed the seriousness of the situation regarding violence against doctors and nurses worldwide. Working in remote health care areas, understaffing, emotional or mental stress of patients or visitors, insufficient security, and lack of preventative measures have been identified as underlying factors of violence against physicians in a 2019 systematic review and meta-analysis (26) . abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33072706/ doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.570459 id: cord-289369-assu6gue author: Venugopal, Vaishali C. title: Status of mental health and its associated factors among the general populace of India during COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-08-24 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The COVID‐19 is an international public health emergency and threatens psychological resilience. Here we assess the general health status of the public in India during the COVID‐19 outbreak. A population‐based cross‐sectional study conducted using a General Health Questionnaire and the relationship between mental health and sociodemographic factors were analyzed. The mean score for the general health of citizens was 24.18. About 40.63% of the elderly and 40.18% of the female population was under severe physiological distress. The prevalence of psychological stress among the general population was higher than expected. Hence, there is a need to intensify awareness about the pandemic and should provide mental health management programs. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/appy.12412 doi: 10.1111/appy.12412 id: cord-286168-019rcbpg author: Vindegaard, Nina title: COVID-19 pandemic and mental health consequences: systematic review of the current evidence date: 2020-05-30 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 pandemic general medical complications have received the most attention, whereas only few studies address the potential direct effect on mental health of SARS-CoV-2 and the neurotropic potential. Furthermore, the indirect effects of the pandemic on general mental health are of increasing concern, particularly since the SARS-CoV-1 epidemic (2002-2003) was associated with psychiatric complications. METHODS: We systematically searched the database Pubmed including studies measuring psychiatric symptoms or morbidities associated with COVID-19 among infected patients and among none infected groups the latter divided in psychiatric patients, health care workers and non-health care workers. RESULTS: A total of 43 studies were included. Out of these, only two studies evaluated patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection, whereas 41 evaluated the indirect effect of the pandemic (2 on patients with preexisting psychiatric disorders, 20 on medical health care workers, and 19 on the general public). 18 of the studies were case-control studies/compared to norm, while 25 of the studies had no control groups. The two studies investigating COVID-19 patients found a high level of post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) (96.2%) and significantly higher level of depressive symptoms (p=0.016). Patients with preexisting psychiatric disorders reported worsening of psychiatric symptoms. Studies investigating health care workers found increased depression/depressive symptoms, anxiety, psychological distress and poor sleep quality. Studies of the general public revealed lower psychological well-being and higher scores of anxiety and depression compared to before COVID-19, while no difference when comparing these symptoms in the initial phase of the outbreak to four weeks later. A variety of factors were associated with higher risk of psychiatric symptoms and/or low psychological well-being including female gender, poor-self-related health and relatives with COVID-19. CONCLUSION: Research evaluating the direct neuropsychiatric consequences and the indirect effects on mental health is highly needed to improve treatment, mental health care planning and for preventive measures during potential subsequent pandemics. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889159120309545?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.048 id: cord-283177-qwinggg4 author: Viswanathan, Ramaswamy title: Support Groups and Individual Mental Health Care via Video Conferencing for Frontline Clinicians during the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-06-23 words: 2890.0 sentences: 160.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283177-qwinggg4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283177-qwinggg4.txt summary: title: Support Groups and Individual Mental Health Care via Video Conferencing for Frontline Clinicians during the COVID-19 Pandemic METHODS: We developed recurring peer support groups via videoconferencing and telephone for physicians, resident physicians, and nursing staff, focusing on issues and emotions related to their frontline clinical work with COVID patients in our medical center which was designated as a COVID-only hospital by the state. CONCLUSIONS: Our experience suggests that this method of offering telehealth peer support groups and individual counseling is a useful model for other centers to adapt, to emotionally support frontline clinical workers in this ongoing worldwide crisis. From late March 2020, our department of psychiatry began offering support group and individual video-conference sessions to help our frontline attending physicians, resident physicians, nurses and other healthcare professionals, and students. We estimate that about 40 attending physicians, 40 residents, and 50 nurses, all frontline healthcare professionals, have participated in the group sessions, and 57 people have used the individual sessions. abstract: BACKGROUND: The current COVID-19 pandemic has put an enormous stress on the mental health of frontline healthcare workers. OBJECTIVE: Psychiatry departments in medical centers need to develop support systems to help our colleagues cope with this stress. METHODS: We developed recurring peer support groups via videoconferencing and telephone for physicians, resident physicians, and nursing staff, focusing on issues and emotions related to their frontline clinical work with COVID patients in our medical center which was designated as a COVID-only hospital by the state. These groups are led by attending psychiatrists and psychiatry residents. In addition, we also deployed a system of telehealth individual counseling by attending psychiatrists. RESULTS: Anxiety was high in the beginning of our weekly groups, dealing with fear of contracting COVID or spreading COVID to family members, and the stress of social distancing. Later the focus was also on the impairment of the traditional clinician patient relationship by the characteristics of this disease, and the associated moral challenges and trauma. Clinicians were helped to cope with these issues through group processes such as ventilation of feelings, peer support, consensual validation, and peer-learning, and interventions by group facilitators. People with severe anxiety or desiring confidentiality were helped through individual interventions. CONCLUSIONS: Our experience suggests that this method of offering telehealth peer support groups and individual counseling is a useful model for other centers to adapt, to emotionally support frontline clinical workers in this ongoing worldwide crisis. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psym.2020.06.014 doi: 10.1016/j.psym.2020.06.014 id: cord-292409-hz5qj1fw author: Viterbo, Lilian Monteiro Ferrari title: Workers’ Healthcare Assistance Model (WHAM): Development, Validation, and Assessment of Sustainable Return on Investment (S-ROI) date: 2020-04-30 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The present study aimed to present and validate the Worker´s Healthcare Assistance Model (WHAM), which includes an interdisciplinary approach to health risk management in search of integral and integrated health, considering economic sustainability. Through the integration of distinct methodological strategies, WHAM was developed in the period from 2011 to 2018, in a workers’ occupational health centre in the oil industry in Bahia, Brazil. The study included a sample of 965 workers, 91.7% of which were men, with a mean age of 44.9 years (age ranged from 23 to 73 years). The Kendall rank correlation coefficient and hierarchical multiple regression analysis were used for the validation of WHAM. The assessment of sustainable return on investment (S-ROI) was made using the WELLCAST ROI™ decision support tool, covering workers with heart disease and diabetes. WHAM can be considered an innovative healthcare model, as there is no available comparative model. WHAM is considered robust, with 86% health risk explanatory capacity and with an 85.5% S-ROI. It can be concluded that WHAM is a model capable of enhancing the level of workers’ health in companies, reducing costs for employers and improving the quality of life within the organization. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32365961/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17093143 id: cord-027704-zm1nae6h author: Vito, Domenico title: The PULSE Project: A Case of Use of Big Data Uses Toward a Cohomprensive Health Vision of City Well Being date: 2020-05-31 words: 2924.0 sentences: 145.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-027704-zm1nae6h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-027704-zm1nae6h.txt summary: In the year 2015 ITU and the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) gave the definition of smart and sustainable city as "an innovative city that uses information and communication technologies (ICTs) and other means to improve quality of life, efficiency of urban operation and services, and competitiveness, while ensuring that it meets the needs of present and future generations with respect to economic, social, environmental as well as cultural aspects". The project is currently active in eight pilot cities, Barcelona, Birmingham, New York, Paris, Singapore, Pavia, Keelung and Taiwan, following a participatory approach where citizen provide data through personal devices and the PulsAIR app, that are integrated with information from heterogeneous sources: open city data, health systems, urban sensors and satellites. The clinical is on asthma and Type 2 Diabetes in adult populations: the project has been pioneer in the development of dynamic spatiotemporal health impact assessments through exposure-risk simulation model with the support of WebGis for geolocated population-based data. abstract: Despite the silent effects sometimes hidden to the major audience, air pollution is becoming one of the most impactful threat to global health. Cities are the places where deaths due to air pollution are concentrated most. In order to correctly address intervention and prevention thus is essential to assest the risk and the impacts of air pollution spatially and temporally inside the urban spaces. PULSE aims to design and build a large-scale data management system enabling real time analytics of health, behaviour and environmental data on air quality. The objective is to reduce the environmental and behavioral risk of chronic disease incidence to allow timely and evidence-driven management of epidemiological episodes linked in particular to two pathologies; asthma and type 2 diabetes in adult populations. developing a policy-making across the domains of health, environment, transport, planning in the PULSE test bed cities. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7313275/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-51517-1_39 id: cord-347727-wka9q98s author: Vong, Sirenda title: Assessment of Ebola virus disease preparedness in the WHO South-East Asia Region date: 2016-12-01 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: OBJECTIVE: To conduct assessments of Ebola virus disease preparedness in countries of the World Health Organization (WHO) South-East Asia Region. METHODS: Nine of 11 countries in the region agreed to be assessed. During February to November 2015 a joint team from WHO and ministries of health conducted 4–5 day missions to Bangladesh, Bhutan, Indonesia, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Timor-Leste. We collected information through guided discussions with senior technical leaders and visits to hospitals, laboratories and airports. We assessed each country’s Ebola virus disease preparedness on 41 tasks under nine key components adapted from the WHO Ebola preparedness checklist of January 2015. FINDINGS: Political commitment to Ebola preparedness was high in all countries. Planning was most advanced for components that had been previously planned or tested for influenza pandemics: multilevel and multisectoral coordination; multidisciplinary rapid response teams; public communication and social mobilization; drills in international airports; and training on personal protective equipment. Major vulnerabilities included inadequate risk assessment and risk communication; gaps in data management and analysis for event surveillance; and limited capacity in molecular diagnostic techniques. Many countries had limited planning for a surge of Ebola cases. Other tasks needing improvement included: advice to inbound travellers; adequate isolation rooms; appropriate infection control practices; triage systems in hospitals; laboratory diagnostic capacity; contact tracing; and danger pay to staff to ensure continuity of care. CONCLUSION: Joint assessment and feedback about the functionality of Ebola virus preparedness systems help countries strengthen their core capacities to meet the International Health Regulations. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27994284/ doi: 10.2471/blt.16.174441 id: cord-023947-uijafp1p author: Vögele, Jörg title: Epidemien und Pandemien in historischer Perspektive date: 2016-06-16 words: 1948.0 sentences: 305.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-023947-uijafp1p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-023947-uijafp1p.txt summary: ) einige ausgewählte Zugangsmöglichkeiten skizziert und im Anschluss umgekehrt ausgehend von ausgewählten Gastroenteritiden potentielle Zugänge zu einer Geschichte der Seuchen abgeleitet werden . Schließlich danken wir auch den vielen Mitgliedern des Instituts für Geschichte der Medizin, die an Tagung und Tagungsband mitgewirkt haben . 77 Die zweite Sektion "Decameron revisited: Cultural Impact" widmet sich methodisch und inhaltlich den kulturgeschichtlichen Auswirkungen von Seuchen, insbesondere der Rezeptionsgeschichte der Pest . In der engeren Medizingeschichte weichen die Schilderungen von abenteuerlichen Expeditionen und spannenden Experimenten als moderne Heldengeschichte(n) 78 weitgehend zeitgemäßen wissenschaftshistorischen Analysen wie Netzwerk-oder Laborstudien . Auf dem Düsseldorfer Workshop, dem 2012 eine Tagung in Oldenburg folgte, 92 sollten daher Forschungen zur Geschichte der Seuchen und Infektionskrankheiten diskutiert werden, die Forschungslücken schließen und, wie seinerzeit von Martin Dinges gefordert, "neue Wege in der Seuchengeschichte" beschreiten . Colonizing the Body" -State Medicine and Epidemic Disease in Nineteenth-Century India Disease, Colonialism, and the State: Malaria in Modern East Asian History abstract: Seuchenzüge treten definitionsgemäß in Intervallen auf. Da ihre Ätiologie und Epidemiologie im Vorfeld zunächst meist mit erheblichen Unsicherheiten behaftet sind, werden historische Denkweisen und Analogien herangezogen, um Seuchengefahren zu erkennen und Gegenmaßnahmen zu treffen. Die zugrunde liegenden Traditionen lassen sich teilweise über Jahrzehnte oder gar Jahrhunderte zurück verfolgen. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7178888/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-658-13875-2_1 id: cord-288298-y4242rfj author: Waiswa, C. title: Experiences of the one-health approach by the Uganda Trypanosomiasis Control Council and its secretariat in the control of zoonotic sleeping sickness in Uganda date: 2020-09-21 words: 6447.0 sentences: 285.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288298-y4242rfj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288298-y4242rfj.txt summary: The study provides unprecedented insights into the stakeholders involved in the application of a One health approach for control of zoonotic sleeping sickness across the most important active human African trypanosomiasis focus in East Africa. The UTCC (multi-stakeholder Institution with veterinary, medical, agriculture, environment, wildlife, lands and political science as key disciplines), vector control division of Ministry of Health (with medical specialist and host of Manager of the Uganda National sleeping sickness control program), leaders in district and sub-counties (technical; veterinary, medical, entomology, social work disciplines and politicians) plus community were purposively selected for engagement. Since the Rapid Impact TIBA Uganda project involved a ''One Health Approach'' on studies related to zoonotic sleeping sickness, the district medical and veterinary officers took technical lead in each district. abstract: Elimination of sleeping sickness from endemic countries like Uganda is key if the affected communities are to exploit the potential of the available human and livestock resources (production and productivity). Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, the parasite that causes acute sleeping sickness in humans, is transmitted by tsetse flies and co-exists in non-human animal reservoirs. Uganda by Act of Parliament in 1992 decided to handle the complex approach to control of sleeping sickness and animal trypanosomiasis by establishing the Uganda Trypanosomiasis Control Council (UTCC) and its secretariat the Coordinating Office for the Control of Trypanosomiasis in Uganda (COCTU). The Institutional arrangement aimed to promote engagement with key stakeholders across nine key ministries and the community, all vital for control of zoonotic sleeping sickness, creating a One Health platform, long before such practice was common. From 2006, approaches by the Public Private Partnership, Stamp Out Sleeping Sickness (SOS) have required involvement of stakeholders in the promotion of insecticide treated cattle as live tsetse baits, targeting elimination of zoonotic sleeping sickness. Experiences in promoting sustainability of these interventions have been captured in this study as part of the Tackling Infections to Benefit Africa (TIBA) partnership. Meeting transcripts, focus group discussions and questionnaires were used to collect data from the different stakeholders involved in a rapid impact live bait study over 12 months from Dec 2017. The study provides unprecedented insights into the stakeholders involved in the application of a One health approach for control of zoonotic sleeping sickness across the most important active human African trypanosomiasis focus in East Africa. This unique study is fundamental in guiding multi-stakeholder engagement if the goal to eliminate zoonotic sleeping sickness is to be realised. A major challenge is timely feedback to the community as regards human and animal disease status; rapid diagnostic services that can be delivered from facilities established in close proximity to the affected communities and well equipped in-country reference laboratories are key to delivering effective control and best One Health Approach. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33015381/ doi: 10.1016/j.parepi.2020.e00185 id: cord-290523-pqah68j8 author: Waite, Roberta title: Effects of COVID-19 on the Mental Health of Black and Brown Racialized Populations in the U.S date: 2020-10-22 words: 1038.0 sentences: 61.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290523-pqah68j8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290523-pqah68j8.txt summary: These communities have struggled with limited access to healthcare services and insufficient primary care providers, long standing unemployment, a dearth of businesses in the community, chronic illnesses, and a panoply of health risks and stressors that contribute to the pronounced lifespan gap between white and black Chicago residents (Pratt, 2020) The panel consists of not only the usual business leaders and healthcare experts, but a representative from NAMI and community advocates such as Mr. Anton Seals Jr., whose words are quoted at the beginning of this piece. We hope the work of the panel and these other models will be used as best practice guides to change the economic maps and social injustices that foster these health disparities still, especially for the black and brown racialized populations in this country. The new normal they can create should include better distribution of resources, such as clean water, more primary care providers, telehealth and telecounseling services, to people who need them…wherever they live. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0883941720305665 doi: 10.1016/j.apnu.2020.10.010 id: cord-323103-55yjl25x author: Waitzkin, Howard title: Confronting the Upstream Causes of COVID-19 and Other Epidemics to Follow date: 2020-08-03 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The upstream causes of the COVID-19 pandemic have received little attention so far in public health and clinical medicine, as opposed to the downstream effects of mass morbidity and mortality. To resolve this pandemic and to prevent even more severe future pandemics, a focus on upstream causation is essential. Convincing evidence shows that this and every other important viral epidemic emerging in the recent past and predictably into the future comes from the same upstream causes: capitalist agriculture, its destruction of natural habitat, and the industrial production of meat. International and national health organizations have obscured the upstream causes of emerging viral epidemics. These organizations have suffered cutbacks in public funding but have received increased support from international financial institutions and private philanthropies that emphasize the downstream effects rather than upstream causes of infectious diseases. Conflicts of interest also have impacted public health policies. A worldwide shift has begun toward peasant agricultural practices: Research so far has shown that peasant agriculture is safer and more efficient than capitalist industrial agricultural practices. Without such a transformation of agriculture, even more devastating pandemics will result from the same upstream causes. url: https://doi.org/10.1177/0020731420946612 doi: 10.1177/0020731420946612 id: cord-259727-u2zj7zf6 author: Wallar, L. E. title: Development of a tiered framework for public health capacity in Canada date: 2016-07-31 words: 1791.0 sentences: 101.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-259727-u2zj7zf6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259727-u2zj7zf6.txt summary: These families were then organized by LEW and AP into a tiered public health capacity framework where capacity within each tier builds upon the capacities within the preceding tiers, and moves from the individual to the systems level. Here, we present this framework of public health capacity that identifies individual components and suggests how they relate to and support one another for the purpose of enhancing overall capacity in public health systems. This framework arranges the components of public health capacity from the individual to the systems level. As the Standing Senate Committee on Social Affairs, Science and Technology noted, "Capacity enhancement is a broad term which encompasses a number of areas: surveillance systems; Fig. 1 e Tiered framework of public health capacity and its components. The framework is based on government and governmentcommissioned SARS reports that reviewed the Canadian and Ontario public health systems with an emphasis on community public health outbreaks and emergencies. abstract: • Select SARS reports were qualitatively analyzed for usage of “capacity”/“capacities”. • Public health capacity can be sub-divided into 17 individual capacity components. • These components can be organized into five tiers to build a capacity framework. • This framework can be used to guide capacity assessment and building efforts. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0033350616001001 doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2016.03.009 id: cord-257717-fbfe5vt4 author: Wallis, Christopher J.D. title: The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Genitourinary Cancer Care: Re-envisioning the Future date: 2020-09-04 words: 7908.0 sentences: 371.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257717-fbfe5vt4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257717-fbfe5vt4.txt summary: EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A collaborative narrative review was conducted using literature published through May 2020 (PubMed), which comprised three main topics: reduced in-person interactions arguing for increasing virtual and image-based care, optimisation of the delivery of care, and the effect of COVID-19 in health care facilities on decision-making by patients and their families. Several themes emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic that would be critical or beneficial to genitourinary cancer care in the future ( Fig. 1) : first, reduced in-person interactions argued for increasing virtual and image-based care; second, optimising the delivery of care to include better triage, understanding and addressing mental health implications due to less in-person care, and maintaining high-quality research and education endeavours are necessary; and third, the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in health care facilities may affect decision-making by patients and their families. abstract: CONTEXT: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic necessitated rapid changes in medical practice. Many of these changes may add value to care, creating opportunities going forward. OBJECTIVE: To provide an evidence-informed, expert-derived review of genitourinary cancer care moving forward following the initial COVID-19 pandemic. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A collaborative narrative review was conducted using literature published through May 2020 (PubMed), which comprised three main topics: reduced in-person interactions arguing for increasing virtual and image-based care, optimisation of the delivery of care, and the effect of COVID-19 in health care facilities on decision-making by patients and their families. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Patterns of care will evolve following the COVID-19 pandemic. Telemedicine, virtual care, and telemonitoring will increase and could offer broader access to multidisciplinary expertise without increasing costs. Comprehensive and integrative telehealth solutions will be necessary, and should consider patients’ mental health and access differences due to socioeconomic status. Investigations and treatments will need to maximise efficiency and minimise health care interactions. Solutions such as one stop clinics, day case surgery, hypofractionated radiotherapy, and oral or less frequent drug dosing will be preferred. The pandemic necessitated a triage of those patients whose treatment should be expedited, delayed, or avoided, and may persist with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in circulation. Patients whose demographic characteristics are at the highest risk of complications from COVID-19 may re-evaluate the benefit of intervention for less aggressive cancers. Clinical research will need to accommodate virtual care and trial participation. Research dissemination and medical education will increasingly utilise virtual platforms, limiting in-person professional engagement; ensure data dissemination; and aim to enhance patient engagement. CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic will have lasting effects on the delivery of health care. These changes offer opportunities to improve access, delivery, and the value of care for patients with genitourinary cancers but raise concerns that physicians and health administrators must consider in order to ensure equitable access to care. PATIENT SUMMARY: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has dramatically changed the care provided to many patients with genitourinary cancers. This has necessitated a transition to telemedicine, changes in threshold or delays in many treatments, and an opportunity to reimagine patient care to maintain safety and improve value moving forward. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S030228382030676X doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2020.08.030 id: cord-022130-jckfzaf0 author: Walsh, Patrick F. title: Intelligence and Stakeholders date: 2018-09-19 words: 16294.0 sentences: 639.0 pages: flesch: 39.0 cache: ./cache/cord-022130-jckfzaf0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-022130-jckfzaf0.txt summary: Traversing the literature and interviews with a select number of stakeholders shows there that there is a large and diverse number of individuals and organisations that could potentially play a role in either preventing, disrupting or treating future bio-threats and In the biological context, surveillance is the ongoing collection, analysis, and interpretation of data to help monitor for pathogens in plants, animals, and humans; food; and the environment. It''s clear that the ''Five Eyes'' intelligence communities have worked extensively with other member states in counter-proliferation institutions such as the BWC and the Australia Group for several decades, but what remains still under developed is how global health security stakeholders and intelligence communities can work more collaboratively for the mutual goal of global health security regardless of whether the risks are natural pandemics or result from a bio-terror attack or theft of a dangerous select agent from a lab. abstract: This chapter underscores the need for more explicit and strategic engagement of stakeholders (scientists, clinicians, first responders, amongst others) by the intelligence community. The chapter argues that the intelligence community will increasingly rely on their expertise to build more valid and reliable assessments of emerging bio-threats and risks. However, the discussion also identifies some of the limitations and challenges stakeholders themselves have to understanding complex threats and risks. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7153403/ doi: 10.1057/978-1-137-51700-5_7 id: cord-253035-tijcxtwx author: Wang, Chen title: A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern date: 2020-01-24 words: 1834.0 sentences: 92.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-253035-tijcxtwx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253035-tijcxtwx.txt summary: Early in the SARS coronavirus outbreak, frontline health workers became infected, which amplified transmission to patients in hospitals where outbreaks were occurring. 4 Early evidence from the initial MERS outbreaks suggested that health workers were likewise being infected, but that their infections were less severe than those of patients in hospitals who became infected and had comorbidities such as diabetes or chronic respiratory disease. 3 In The Lancet, Chaolin Huang and colleagues 7 report clinical features of the first 41 patients admitted to the designated hospital in Wuhan who were confirmed to be infected with 2019-nCoV by Jan 2, 2020. Considering that substantial numbers of patients with SARS and MERS were infected in health-care settings, precautions need to be taken to prevent nosocomial spread of the virus. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection is suspected. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31986257/ doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30185-9 id: cord-343601-po9br5zm author: Wang, Gan-Yi title: Perceived psychosocial health and its sociodemographic correlates in times of the COVID-19 pandemic: a community-based online study in China date: 2020-10-26 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been affecting people's psychosocial health and well-being through various complex pathways. The present study aims to investigate the perceived psychosocial health and its sociodemographic correlates among Chinese community-dwelling residents. METHODS: This cross-sectional survey was carried out online and using a structured questionnaire during April 2020. In total, 4788 men and women with the age range of 11–98 years from eight provinces in eastern, central and western China were included in the analysis. We adopted a tactical approach to capture three key domains of perceived psychosocial health that are more likely to occur during a pandemic including hopelessness, loneliness, and depression. Multiple regression method, binary logistic regression model and variance inflation factor (VIF) were used to conduct data analysis. RESULTS: Respectively 34.8%, 32.5% and 44.8% of the participants expressed feeling more hopeless, lonely, and depressed during the pandemic. The percentage of all three indicators was comparatively higher among women than among men: hopelessness (50.7% vs 49.3%), loneliness (52.4% vs 47.6%), and depression (56.2% vs 43.8%). Being married was associated with lower odds of loneliness among men (odds ratio [OR] = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.45–0.90). Loneliness was negatively associated with smoking (OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.45–0.99) and positively associated with drinking (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.04–2.02). Compared with those in the lowest income bracket (< CNY 10 000), men (OR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.21–0.55) and women (OR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.23–0.56) in the highest level of annually housed income (> CNY 40 000) had the lowest odds of reporting perceived hopelessness (OR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.25–0.48). Smoking also showed negative association with depression only among men (OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.43–0.91). CONCLUSIONS: More than one-third of the participants reported worsening in the experience of hopelessness and loneliness, with more than two-fifth of worsening depression during the pandemic compared with before the outbreak. Several socioeconomic and lifestyle factors were found to be associated with the outcome variables, most notably participants' marital status, household income, smoking, alcohol drinking, existing chronic conditions. These findings may be of significance to treat patients and help them recover from the pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33106187/ doi: 10.1186/s40249-020-00770-8 id: cord-344050-5ulk3euw author: Wang, Jianming title: Gender difference in knowledge of tuberculosis and associated health-care seeking behaviors: a cross-sectional study in a rural area of China date: 2008-10-08 words: 4249.0 sentences: 215.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-344050-5ulk3euw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344050-5ulk3euw.txt summary: title: Gender difference in knowledge of tuberculosis and associated health-care seeking behaviors: a cross-sectional study in a rural area of China BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) detection under the national TB control program in China follows passive case-finding guidelines, which could be influenced by the accessibility of health service and patient''s health-care seeking behaviors. As case detection in the NTP in China follows WHO recommended passive case-finding guidelines, people with TB related symptoms should be identified when they seek care at a general health facility, and referred to the specialized TB dispensary for diagnosis, treatment and case management. A study in rural Inner Mongolia of China also reported that women with less education tended to be less knowledgeable about TB and were less likely to seek care than men though gender difference was not statistically significant in the quantitative survey [22] . abstract: BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) detection under the national TB control program in China follows passive case-finding guidelines, which could be influenced by the accessibility of health service and patient's health-care seeking behaviors. One intriguing topic is the correlation between men and women's knowledge on TB and their health-care seeking behaviors. METHODS: Two cross-sectional studies were separately carried out in Yangzhong County, a rural area of China. One study, by using systematic sampling method, including 1,200 subjects, was conducted to investigate the TB knowledge among general population. Another study in the same source population screened 33,549 people aged 15 years or over among 20 stratified cluster-sampled villages for identifying prolonged cough patients at households and individual interviews were then carried out. Gender difference in the knowledge of TB and health-care seeking behaviors was analyzed particularly. RESULTS: Among general population, only 16.0% (men 17.1% vs. women 15.0%) knew the prolonged cough with the duration of 3 weeks or longer was a symptom for suspicious TB. Fewer women than men knew the local appointed health facility for TB diagnosis and treatment as well as the current free TB service policy. Moreover, women were less likely to learn information about TB and share it with others on their own initiatives. On the contrary, after the onset of the prolonged cough, women (79.2%) were more likely to seek health-care than men (58.6%) did. However, a large part of women preferred to visit the lower level non-hospital health facilities at first such as village clinics and drugstores. CONCLUSION: TB and DOTS program were not well known by rural Chinese. Gender issues should be considered to reduce diagnostic delay of TB and improve both men and women's access to qualified health facility for TB care. Strengthening awareness of TB and improving the accessibility of health-care service is essential in TB control strategy, especially under the current vertical TB control system. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18842127/ doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-8-354 id: cord-289378-ghmqd3yv author: Wang, Peng-Wei title: Subjective Deterioration of Physical and Psychological Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Taiwan: Their Association with the Adoption of Protective Behaviors and Mental Health Problems date: 2020-09-18 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: This study aimed to determine the proportion of individuals who reported the deterioration of physical and psychological health during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Taiwan. Moreover, the related factors of deterioration of physical and psychological health and the association between deterioration of health and adoption of protective behavior against COVID-19 and mental health problems were also examined. We recruited participants via a Facebook advertisement. We determined the subjective physical and psychological health states, cognitive and affective construct of health belief, perceived social support, mental health problems, adoption of protective behavior and demographic characteristics among 1954 respondents (1305 women and 649 men; mean age: 37.9 years with standard deviation 10.8 years). In total, 13.2% and 19.3% of respondents reported deteriorated physical and psychological health during the COVID-19 pandemic, respectively. Participants with higher perceived harm from COVID-19 compared with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) were more likely to report the subjective deterioration of physical and psychological health, whereas respondents who were older and perceived a higher level of social support were less likely to report a deterioration of physical and psychological health. The subjective deterioration of psychological health was significantly associated with avoiding crowded places and wearing a mask. Both subjective deteriorations of physical and psychological health positively related to general anxiety. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32962052/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17186827 id: cord-351912-xuiswu2l author: Wang, Weier title: Updated understanding of the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019‐nCoV) in Wuhan, China date: 2020-02-12 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: To help health workers and the public recognize and deal with the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019‐nCoV) quickly, effectively, and calmly with an updated understanding. A comprehensive search from Chinese and worldwide official websites and announcements was performed between 1 December 2019 and 9:30 am 26 January 2020 (Beijing time). A latest summary of 2019‐nCoV and the current outbreak was drawn. Up to 24 pm, 25 January 2020, a total of 1975 cases of 2019‐nCoV infection were confirmed in mainland China with a total of 56 deaths having occurred. The latest mortality was approximately 2.84% with a total of 2684 cases still suspected. The China National Health Commission reported the details of the first 17 deaths up to 24 pm, 22 January 2020. The deaths included 13 males and 4 females. The median age of the people who died was 75 (range 48‐89) years. Fever (64.7%) and cough (52.9%) were the most common first symptoms among those who died. The median number of days from the occurence of the first symptom to death was 14.0 (range 6‐41) days, and it tended to be shorter among people aged 70 years or more (11.5 [range 6‐19] days) than those aged less than 70 years (20 [range 10‐41] days; P = .033). The 2019‐nCoV infection is spreading and its incidence is increasing nationwide. The first deaths occurred mostly in elderly people, among whom the disease might progress faster. The public should still be cautious in dealing with the virus and pay more attention to protecting the elderly people from the virus. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25689 doi: 10.1002/jmv.25689 id: cord-001343-3euy4u9k author: Wang, Yadong title: A Multi-Method Approach to Curriculum Development for In-Service Training in China’s Newly Established Health Emergency Response Offices date: 2014-06-27 words: 4088.0 sentences: 161.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-001343-3euy4u9k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-001343-3euy4u9k.txt summary: In recognition of the national need for an in-service program to target the''''level four'''' health staff as defined by WADEM, i.e.''h ealth workers who played lead roles in disaster health management'''' [20] , China''s Ministry of Health (MoH) commissioned the Capital Medical University in 2010 to develop and implement a competency-based curriculum to help strengthen the performance of the new cadre of HERO staff. We assessed tasks, roles and responsibilities, and training needs of HERO staff through face-to-face interviews of eleven experienced key informants; they included health emergency experts from the government, the military and the academic sector, and senior staff of HEROs. We also explored their awareness of existing training activities and the associated relative strengths and weaknesses, their preferences on modes of curriculum delivery and the optimal duration of in-service training. abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe an innovative approach for developing and implementing an in-service curriculum in China for staff of the newly established health emergency response offices (HEROs), and that is generalisable to other settings. METHODS: The multi-method training needs assessment included reviews of the competency domains needed to implement the International Health Regulations (2005) as well as China’s policies and emergency regulations. The review, iterative interviews and workshops with experts in government, academia, the military, and with HERO staff were reviewed critically by an expert technical advisory panel. FINDINGS: Over 1600 participants contributed to curriculum development. Of the 18 competency domains identified as essential for HERO staff, nine were developed into priority in-service training modules to be conducted over 2.5 weeks. Experts from academia and experienced practitioners prepared and delivered each module through lectures followed by interactive problem-solving exercises and desktop simulations to help trainees apply, experiment with, and consolidate newly acquired knowledge and skills. CONCLUSION: This study adds to the emerging literature on China’s enduring efforts to strengthen its emergency response capabilities since the outbreak of SARS in 2003. The multi-method approach to curriculum development in partnership with senior policy-makers, researchers, and experienced practitioners can be applied in other settings to ensure training is responsive and customized to local needs, resources and priorities. Ongoing curriculum development should reflect international standards and be coupled with the development of appropriate performance support systems at the workplace for motivating staff to apply their newly acquired knowledge and skills effectively and creatively. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4074095/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100892 id: cord-279329-4io0g62p author: Wang, Yun-Ping title: The year 2020, a milestone in breaking the vicious cycle of poverty and illness in China date: 2020-01-30 words: 4398.0 sentences: 171.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279329-4io0g62p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279329-4io0g62p.txt summary: Efforts to reduce poverty in association with poor health due to major communicable afflictions such as HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, hepatitis and neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), as well as maternal mortality, preventable deaths of newborns and children less than 5 years old [2] , were already part of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which have now been supplanted by the SDGs. Indeed, poverty is the greatest adversary in relation to health in the developing countries and current evidence illustrates that good health is not only an outcome, but an essential component of poverty reduction [7] . The programme, identified as a priority in the overall framework to roll back poverty, has a five-area focus: (i) improving access to essential health services covered by health insurance and financial assistance schemes; (ii) strengthening health infrastructure and service delivery capacities in poor and rural regions; (iii) providing educational and training opportunities including attractive recruitment and retaining policies for the health workforce; (iv) promoting infectious and endemic disease elimination; and (v) supporting maternal and child health and nutrition in poor regions. abstract: Marking the end of the five-year programme initiated by the Chinese Government to lift more than 70 million people out of poverty, the year 2020 is a milestone. Poverty alleviation has moved strongly forward in China and the major health indicators are now better than the average of all middle- and high-income countries. However, the dual burden of infectious and chronic diseases remains a challenge with respect to achieving the health target in the United Nations 2030 Agenda for sustainable development goals (SDGs). In 2015, about 44% of the poor population in China were impoverished by illness but already in 2018, multi-sectoral actions delivered by the Health-related Poverty Alleviation programme had reduced the number almost by half. In the past three years 15 million poor people (98% of the poor population) with infectious and chronic diseases had been treated and taken care of thanks to financial support through multiple health insurance schemes and other governmental subsidies. This article discusses the lessons learnt with regard to health-related poverty alleviation in China with special reference to those still remaining impoverished by illness. Consolidation of the achievements reached and provision of basic needs to those still disadvantaged and in poor health will require a major improvement of accessibility to, and affordability of, health services. The next step towards enhanced productivity and better living conditions will involve upgrading of the capacity of health professionals in the poor regions, promotion of coherent efforts in health-related poverty alleviation and rural revitalization measures. As an additional measure, data monitoring and research on health poverty alleviation should be strengthened as they are essential to generate the evidence and knowledge needed to support the move in the direction envisioned by the SDGs, and the new Healthy China 2030 programme. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31996258/ doi: 10.1186/s40249-020-0626-5 id: cord-307319-wbp2ykwu author: Warren, Adam title: Model of health? Distributed preparedness and multi-agency interventions surrounding UK regional airports date: 2011-11-18 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The liberalisation of the European aviation sector has multiplied paths of entry into the United Kingdom (UK) for the international traveller. These changing mobilities necessitate a reconceptualisation of the border as a series of potentially vulnerable nodes occurring within, and extending beyond, national boundaries. In this paper, we consider the border through the lens of port health, the collective term for various sanitary operations enacted at international transport terminals. In the UK, a critical player in the oversight of port health is the Health Protection Agency (HPA), which became a non-Departmental public body in 2005. A major part of port health is preparedness, a set of techniques aimed at managing, and responding to, emergencies of public health concern. More recently, certain jurisdictions have embarked on public health preparedness work across a number of different geographical scales. Using methods pioneered by the military, this form of ‘distributed preparedness’ is of increased interest to social science and medical scholars. With reference to case studies conducted in localities surrounding two UK regional airports following the 2009–10 H1N1 influenza pandemic, we consider the extent to which distributed preparedness as a concept and a set of practices can inform current debates - in the UK, and beyond - concerning interventions at the border ‘within’. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.10.011 doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.10.011 id: cord-347651-tny4bn01 author: Watkins, Johnathan title: Three further ways that the COVID-19 pandemic will affect health outcomes date: 2020-05-05 words: 687.0 sentences: 42.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347651-tny4bn01.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347651-tny4bn01.txt summary: title: Three further ways that the COVID-19 pandemic will affect health outcomes In general, health outcomes improve during recessions, mostly driven by fewer cardiovascularrelated deaths possibly as a result of more active lifestyles (Strumpf et al. If countries respond with austerity measures that lead to a real-terms decline in public health and social care spending, we could see hundreds of thousands of ''excess'' deaths or more. To address the economic response challenge, governments need to be prepared to maintain health and care spending in line with demand. Governments can prevent or mitigate this effect by: (1) planning and communicating an exit strategy early to avoid needlessly protracted lockdowns and/or illprepared exits and (2) seeking to maintain public health and social care spending levels. Economic downturns, universal health coverage, and cancer mortality in high-income and middle-income countries, 1990-2010: a longitudinal analysis Effects of health and social care spending constraints on mortality in England: a time trend analysis abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32372270/ doi: 10.1007/s00038-020-01383-6 id: cord-269575-hdqa12es author: Wei, B. title: Bridging the gap between education and practice in public health, with particular reference to less-developed provinces in China date: 2010-12-17 words: 3205.0 sentences: 152.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269575-hdqa12es.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269575-hdqa12es.txt summary: This paper summarizes the current status of increasing public healthcare demand and public health service capacity in China, especially in less-developed provinces, and introduces the current public health educational system and public health administration structure. It has been recognized that there are insufficient qualified, capable public health workers in the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCs) and other public health organizations, 3 particularly in less-developed provinces. This is partly a result of the gap between education and practice in public health, 3, 4 with a need to develop capacity in the public health workforce for disease control and health protection, and also to ensure that health systems deliver effective healthcare. There is a considerable gap between education and practice in public health that has been hindering the further development of public health in China. abstract: Ongoing healthcare system reform is one of the most important issues in China. There is an increasing awareness that public health education should be reformed to meet the demands of public health practice. This paper summarizes the current status of increasing public healthcare demand and public health service capacity in China, especially in less-developed provinces, and introduces the current public health educational system and public health administration structure. The paper also provides evidence for a considerable gap between public health education and practice, and suggests possible measures to bridge the gap. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S003335061000329X doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2010.10.006 id: cord-337037-xpj17vn4 author: Weigel, Ralf title: Global child health in Germany - Time for action date: 2020-10-09 words: 2545.0 sentences: 123.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337037-xpj17vn4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337037-xpj17vn4.txt summary: Universities in the UK and other European countries provide leadership in research and education for global child health to inform related policy and practice, but the German contribution is inadequate. Although this lack of representation is not necessarily a sign of a lack of participation in the international scientific debate, the few opportunities German researchers have to engage in global child health research and education at universities suggest that this is, in fact, the case. Many opportunities exist for paediatricians and other health workers caring for children to engage with the realities of global child health in research and education. The German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) has helped to establish 28 cooperations between universities in Germany and low-and middle-income countries with its ''Partnership for Health Care in Developing Countries'' programme [28] , some addressing maternal and child health. abstract: Child health is central to the SDG agenda. Universities in the UK and other European countries provide leadership in research and education for global child health to inform related policy and practice, but the German contribution is inadequate. German paediatricians and other child health professionals could make more substantial contributions to the debate at home and internationally, but lack opportunities for scholarship and research. We argue, that there is a momentum to advance global child health in academia and call on German universities to realise this potential. url: https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2020.1829401 doi: 10.1080/16549716.2020.1829401 id: cord-288518-vsesv99h author: Weiss, Barry D. title: Disparities in Adherence to COVID-19 Public Health Recommendations date: 2020-08-06 words: 1287.0 sentences: 67.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288518-vsesv99h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288518-vsesv99h.txt summary: Readers could easily make the mistake of concluding that the differences in reported compliance with public health recommendations between the two studies are due to the racial/ethnic differences in the two surveyed populations, one largely White and the other exclusively African American. In reality, however, the different levels of compliance with public health recommendations are far more likely due to differences in education and income levels between the respondents in the two surveys. A recent report from the Pew Research Center (2020) confirms that higher levels of education are associated with higher rates of compliance with public health recommendations among people of all racial/ethnic groups. Based on the above factors, it is reasonable to conclude that the differences in compliance with public health recommendations between the largely White respondents and the exclusive African American respondents were not due to any inherent racial/ethnic characteristics. African American adherence to COVID-19 public health recommendations abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.3928/24748307-20200723-01 doi: 10.3928/24748307-20200723-01 id: cord-268279-umlqh0q4 author: Wenham, Clare title: Cuba y seguridad sanitaria mundial: Cuba’s role in global health security date: 2020-05-13 words: 6124.0 sentences: 269.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-268279-umlqh0q4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-268279-umlqh0q4.txt summary: These concern Cuba''s visibility and participation in the broader global health security architecture, the social controls exercised by the state in managing disease threats in Cuban territory, and the resource constraints facing the island—in particular, the effects of the US embargo. These concern Cuba''s visibility and participation in the broader global health security architecture, the social controls exercised by the state in managing disease threats in Cuban territory, and the resource constraints facing the island-in particular, the effects of the US embargo. We consider this to be the most apparent embodiment of Cuban health security activities internationally, where the state appears to be supporting response efforts for emerging pathogens by providing human resources and technical expertise within outbreak response, and health systems capacity-building elsewhere in the world, such as the training of international medical professionals. abstract: Cuba has been largely absent in academic and policy discourse on global health security, yet Cuba’s history of medical internationalism and its domestic health system have much to offer contemporary global health security debates. In this paper, we examine what we identify as key traits of Cuban health security, as they play out on both international and domestic fronts. We argue that Cuba demonstrates a strong health security capacity, both in terms of its health systems support and crisis response activities internationally, and its domestic disease control activities rooted in an integrated health system with a focus on universal healthcare. Health security in Cuba, however, also faces challenges. These concern Cuba’s visibility and participation in the broader global health security architecture, the social controls exercised by the state in managing disease threats in Cuban territory, and the resource constraints facing the island—in particular, the effects of the US embargo. While Cuba does not frame its disease control activities within the discourse of health security, we argue that the Cuban case demonstrates that it is possible to make strides to improve capacity for health security in resource-constrained settings. The successes and challenges facing health security in Cuba, moreover, provide points of reflection relevant to the pursuit of health security globally and are thus worth further consideration in broader health security discussions. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32409329/ doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2019-002227 id: cord-336912-44hifagu author: Wernly, Bernhard title: Cardiovascular health care and health literacy among immigrants in Europe: a review of challenges and opportunities during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-27 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: OBJECTIVES: Europe is a destination for many migrants, a group whose proportion of the overall population will increase over the next decades. The cardiovascular (CV) risk distribution and outcomes, as well as health literacy, are likely to differ from the host population. Challenges related to migrant health status, cardiovascular risk distribution and health literacy are compounded by the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) crisis. METHODS: We performed a narrative review of available evidence on migrant CV and health literacy in Europe. RESULTS: Health literacy is lower in migrants but can be improved through targeted interventions. In some subgroups of migrants, rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, most importantly hypertension and diabetes, are higher. On the other hand, there is strong evidence for a so-called healthy migrant effect, describing lower rates of CV risk distribution and mortality in a different subset of migrants. During the COVID-19 pandemic, CV risk factors, as well as health literacy, are key elements in optimally managing public health responses in the ongoing pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: Migrants are both an opportunity and a challenge for public health in Europe. Research aimed at better understanding the healthy migrant effect is necessary. Implementing the beneficial behaviors of migrants could improve outcomes in the whole population. Specific interventions to screen for risk factors, manage chronic disease and increase health literacy could improve health care for migrants. This pandemic is a challenge for the whole population, but active inclusion of immigrants in established health care systems could help improve the long-term health outcomes of migrants in Europe. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33134037/ doi: 10.1007/s10389-020-01405-w id: cord-028590-rw0okd0p author: Westgarth, David title: What does the future hold for the workforce of tomorrow? date: 2020-07-06 words: 4657.0 sentences: 222.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-028590-rw0okd0p.txt txt: ./txt/cord-028590-rw0okd0p.txt summary: ''Many hospitals have had to adapt to become urgent dental care hubs during the peak of the pandemic, with both the hospitals I work in beginning to start to resume some '' According to a new poll by the mental health charity Mind, many people who were previously well will develop mental health problems as a ''direct consequence of the pandemic and all that follows'', with the worst yet to come.'' routine services. '' As always, the impact will be greatest on the most vulnerable of the profession: new graduates, many of whom have lost their part-time jobs; young dentists leaving dental foundation training and potentially struggling to find their first associateship; and dental care professional colleagues who are significantly affected by the closure of practices and the expected lengthy return to the provision of dentistry over the coming months. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7336097/ doi: 10.1038/s41404-020-0457-x id: cord-321082-dgkfxkfh author: Whaibeh, Emile title: Telemental Health in the Context of a Pandemic: the COVID-19 Experience date: 2020-04-02 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40501-020-00210-2 doi: 10.1007/s40501-020-00210-2 id: cord-017154-h8hxroos author: Wielinga, Peter R. title: One Health and Food Safety date: 2014-07-19 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Many, if not most, of all important zoonoses relate in some way to animals in the food production chain. Therefore food becomes an important vehicle for many zoonotic pathogens. One of the major issues in food safety over the latest decades has been the lack of cross-sectoral collaboration across the food production chain. Major food safety events have been significantly affected by the lack of collaboration between the animal health, the food control, and the human health sector. One Health formulates clearly both the need for, and the benefit of cross-sectoral collaboration. Here we will focus on the human health risk related to zoonotic microorganisms present both in food animals and food derived from these animals, and typically transmitted to humans through food. Some diseases have global epidemic—or pandemic—potential, resulting in dramatic action from international organizations and national agricultural- and health authorities in most countries, for instance as was the case with avian influenza. Other diseases relate to the industrialized food production chain and have been—in some settings—dealt with efficiently through farm-to-fork preventive action in the animal sector, e.g. Salmonella. Finally, an important group of zoonotic diseases are ‘neglected diseases’ in poor settings, while they have been basically eradicated in affluent economies through vaccination and culling policies in the animal sector, e.g. Brucella. Here we will discuss these three different foodborne disease categories, paying extra attention to the important problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In addition, we present some of the One Health inspired solutions that may help reduce the threat of several of the foodborne diseases discussed. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7121645/ doi: 10.1007/978-4-431-55120-1_10 id: cord-315681-p3j8kt80 author: Wiley, Lindsay F title: Public Health Law and Science in the Community Mitigation Strategy for Covid-19 date: 2020-05-08 words: 8183.0 sentences: 344.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315681-p3j8kt80.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315681-p3j8kt80.txt summary: To mitigate the spread of Covid-19, federal, state, and local officials have exercised broad powers available to them under public health statutes and emergency declarations to close businesses and restrict the movement of individuals outside their homes. A court asked to address whether a public health agency has acted reasonably and without abusing its discretion need not simply defer to the expertise of the agency without requiring that the agency to identify and explain the logic the agency deployed to reach its conclusion that quarantine was appropriate." 97 The same is true of officials charged with developing emergency communicable disease control guidelines that, while technically voluntary, are likely to be relied on to enforce involuntary-and highly intrusive-measures by state and local governments. abstract: In a crisis like the Covid-19 pandemic, the role of judges is first and foremost to adjudicate urgent requests for temporary restraining orders and preliminary injunctions. This means that judges hearing challenges to bans on gatherings, orders to close gun shops, orders to halt abortion care, and detention of civil immigration detainees in crowded and unsanitary conditions are issuing orders based on the parties’ pleadings alone. There is no time—yet—for the discovery, expert testimony, or amicus briefs from professional groups that typically inform assessments of science by judges. This essay examines the role public health science is likely to play in the coming months as judges field challenges to mandatory orders adopted as part of the community mitigation the Covid-19 pandemic. It identifies voluntary guidelines from international and federal health agencies as a resource judges rely on heavily in reviewing emergency communicable disease control orders and argues that transparency of and accountability for guidelines should therefore be held to a higher bar than their voluntary status might otherwise suggest. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32728464/ doi: 10.1093/jlb/lsaa019 id: cord-034169-nkosr3br author: Williams, Katie title: Home visiting: A lifeline for families during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-22 words: 3820.0 sentences: 173.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-034169-nkosr3br.txt txt: ./txt/cord-034169-nkosr3br.txt summary: Home visiting is an essential preventative social service model that builds on the families'' own strengths J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f and supports them to navigate circumstances and stressors contributing to health inequities in underserved communities. Home visitors provide services that improve health care access and education to participants; they collaborate with families to assist in navigating health and social systems and give dedicated attention that may be more problematic to obtain in the traditional health system (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014) . Nurses and clinically trained technicians are also direct-care providers in some home visiting models, including Nurse Family Partnership, supporting individuals with health education, counseling, and medical services outside of the clinic system. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7581421/ doi: 10.1016/j.apnu.2020.10.013 id: cord-353401-y1mxnth7 author: Williams, Roger D. title: Moral Injury in Times of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-02 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Health care providers are facing increased risk of moral distress during the COVID-19 pandemic because of changes in clinical practice and resource allocation procedures. Health care systems that employ a proactive approach in mitigating the lasting effects of moral distress will fare better in the long run. Psychologists are well poised to apply timely psychological first aid to the crisis needs of patients, colleagues, and even themselves. Key interventions are detailed, including creating and promoting safety, calmness, connectedness, self-efficacy, and hope. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42843-020-00011-4 doi: 10.1007/s42843-020-00011-4 id: cord-291753-9p5ppawn author: Winhusen, Theresa title: The Opioid-overdose Reduction Continuum of Care Approach (ORCCA): Evidence-based Practices in the HEALing Communities Study date: 2020-10-04 words: 9346.0 sentences: 632.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291753-9p5ppawn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291753-9p5ppawn.txt summary: The CTH intervention seeks to facilitate widespread implementation of three evidence-based practices (EBPs) with the potential to reduce opioid-involved overdose fatalities: overdose education and naloxone distribution (OEND), effective delivery of medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD), and safer opioid analgesic prescribing. In order to promote OEND, effective delivery of MOUD, and safer opioid prescribing the study team developed an approach to EBP implementation with utility for all participating communities, which vary widely in their current EBP implementation, access to resources including needed workforce, and perceived acceptability of various EBPs. This paper describes the framework developed to guide EBP selection and implementation strategies contained in the Opioid-overdose Reduction Continuum of Care Approach. Telemedicine models for buprenorphine treatment already existed (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2018), but guidance from the US Drug Enforcement Agency, SAMHSA, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, and state regulatory agencies changed rapidly ; Opioid Response Network, 2020; Providers Clinical Support System, 2020a; Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2020c) to allow greater flexibility of MOUD treatment via telemedicine during the pandemic. abstract: BACKGROUND: The number of opioid-involved overdose deaths in the United States remains a national crisis. The HEALing Communities Study (HCS) will test whether Communities That HEAL (CTH), a community-engaged intervention, can decrease opioid-involved deaths in intervention communities (n = 33), relative to wait-list communities (n = 34), from four states. The CTH intervention seeks to facilitate widespread implementation of three evidence-based practices (EBPs) with the potential to reduce opioid-involved overdose fatalities: overdose education and naloxone distribution (OEND), effective delivery of medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD), and safer opioid analgesic prescribing. A key challenge was delineating an EBP implementation approach useful for all HCS communities. METHODS: A workgroup composed of EBP experts from HCS research sites used literature reviews and expert consensus to: 1) compile strategies and associated resources for implementing EBPs primarily targeting individuals 18 and older; and 2) determine allowable community flexibility in EBP implementation. The workgroup developed the Opioid-overdose Reduction Continuum of Care Approach (ORCCA) to organize EBP strategies and resources to facilitate EBP implementation. CONCLUSIONS: The ORCCA includes required and recommended EBP strategies, priority populations, and community settings. Each EBP has a “menu” of strategies from which communities can select and implement with a minimum of five strategies required: one for OEND, three for MOUD, and one for prescription opioid safety. Identification and engagement of high-risk populations in OEND and MOUD is an ORCCArequirement. To ensure CTH has community-wide impact, implementation of at least one EBP strategy is required in healthcare, behavioral health, and criminal justice settings, with communities identifying particular organizations to engage in HCS-facilitated EBP implementation. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0376871620304907?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108325 id: cord-314699-5b4toeik author: Wishnia, Jodi title: Impact of financial management centralisation in a health system under austerity: a qualitative study from South Africa date: 2020-10-29 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: INTRODUCTION: International calls for universal health coverage (UHC) have led many countries to implement health sector reforms, however, since the 2008 global recession, economic growth has slowed in many lower-income and middle-income countries. In a renewed interest in public financial management (PFM), international organisations have emphasised the importance of giving spending control to those responsible for healthcare. However, centralisation is a common response when there is a need to cut expenditure due to a reduced budget; yet failure to decentralise often hampers the achievement of important goals. This paper examines the effect of centralising financial decision-making on the functioning of the South African health system. METHODS: We used a case study design with an ethnographic approach. Primary data collection was conducted through participant-observation and semistructured interviews, over 1 year. Member checking was conducted. RESULTS: New management implemented centralisation due to a reduced budget, a history of financial mismanagement, the punitive regulatory environment financial managers face, and their fear of poor audit outcomes. The reform, together with an authoritarian management style to ensure compliance, created a large power distance between financial and clinical managers. District managers felt that there was poor communication about the reform and that decision-making was opaque. This lowered commitment to the reform, even for those who thought it was necessary. It also reduced communal action, creating an individualistic environment. The authoritarian management style, and the impact of centralisation on service delivery, negatively affected planning and decision making, impairing organisational functioning. CONCLUSION: As public health systems become even more financially constrained, recognising how PFM reforms can influence organisational culture, and how the negative effects can be mitigated, is of international importance. We highlight the importance of a participatory culture that encourages shared decision making and coproduction, particularly as countries grapple with how to achieve UHC with limited funds. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003524 doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003524 id: cord-030872-qhyjhk1r author: Wissow, Lawrence S. title: Policy recommendations to promote integrated mental health care for children and youth date: 2020-08-25 words: 3222.0 sentences: 164.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-030872-qhyjhk1r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-030872-qhyjhk1r.txt summary: 19 Integration continues to face significant barriers, including lack of consensus on how primary care and co-located mental health professionals should share roles, the need for substantial transformation in how practices operate if they are to provide mental health care, 20 financing schemes that do not incentivize treatment in primary care or collaboration with mental health providers, 21 and a lack of mental health practitioners trained to work in primary care settings (especially in linguistically and culturally diverse communities). d. HRSA could expand and institutionalize its support so that all states could have so-called "child psychiatry access programs" that promote interprofessional collaboration and education supporting mental health service delivery in the pediatric primary care. 46, 47 These programs provide informal mental health consultation to primary care providers around specific patient''s problems, and many currently have primary care provider training and practice transformation components which could be expanded to include helping integrated behavioral health providers (including those in schools) adopt and use evidencebased brief interventions or telepsychiatry when necessary. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7445486/ doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2020.08.014 id: cord-267188-1ldynibm author: Woldehanna, Sara title: An expanded One Health model: Integrating social science and One Health to inform study of the human-animal interface date: 2014-11-01 words: 8040.0 sentences: 320.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267188-1ldynibm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267188-1ldynibm.txt summary: The expanded model informed a new study approach to document the extent of human exposure to animals and explore the interplay of social and environmental factors that influence risk of transmission at the individual and community level. In this paper we propose an expanded One Health model that highlights the social determinants of human-animal exposure, describe a study approach that operationalizes the model to explore factors that influence the risk of transmission at the individual and community level and present some results that illustrate the effect of social factors on how people interact with animals. Finally, social factors also determine who is at risk from eating different meats: eating rats is an equal source of exposure for adults and children in both ethnic groups; the Hmong are more exposed to nonhuman primates and the Lao-Tai to bats as a result of eating; and men are more intensely exposed as they are more likely to eat raw meat compared to women. abstract: Zoonotic disease emergence is not a purely biological process mediated only by ecologic factors; opportunities for transmission of zoonoses from animals to humans also depend on how people interact with animals. While exposure is conditioned by the type of animal and the location in which interactions occur, these in turn are influenced by human activity. The activities people engage in are determined by social as well as contextual factors including gender, age, socio-economic status, occupation, social norms, settlement patterns and livelihood systems, family and community dynamics, as well as national and global influences. This paper proposes an expanded “One Health” conceptual model for human-animal exposure that accounts for social as well as epidemiologic factors. The expanded model informed a new study approach to document the extent of human exposure to animals and explore the interplay of social and environmental factors that influence risk of transmission at the individual and community level. The approach includes a formative phase using qualitative and participatory methods, and a representative, random sample survey to quantify exposure to animals in a variety of settings. The paper discusses the different factors that were considered in developing the approach, including the range of animals asked about and the parameters of exposure that are included, as well as factors to be considered in local adaptation of the generic instruments. Illustrative results from research using this approach in Lao PDR are presented to demonstrate the effect of social factors on how people interact with animals. We believe that the expanded model can be similarly operationalized to explore the interactions of other social and policy-level determinants that may influence transmission of zoonoses. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0277953614007199 doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.10.059 id: cord-270970-9gtnsyts author: Wolf, Michael S. title: Awareness, Attitudes, and Actions Related to COVID-19 Among Adults With Chronic Conditions at the Onset of the U.S. Outbreak: A Cross-sectional Survey date: 2020-04-09 words: 4493.0 sentences: 213.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270970-9gtnsyts.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270970-9gtnsyts.txt summary: In multivariable analyses, participants who were black, were living below the poverty level, and had low health literacy were more likely to be less worried about COVID-19, to not believe that they would become infected, and to feel less prepared for an outbreak. We did a time-sensitive study among higher-risk, older adults living with 1 or more chronic conditions to determine their current awareness of COVID-19, their perception of the seriousness of its threat, their level of worry and concern related to contracting the virus, whether it is affecting their daily routine or existing plans, how prepared they feel to handle an outbreak, and their confidence in the federal government response. In our study, disparities by race, socioeconomic status, and health literacy were not reflected in ratings of the seriousness of the COVID-19 threat, demonstrated knowledge of its symptom presentation or general means to prevent it, or reported changes to daily routines and plans. abstract: BACKGROUND: The evolving outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is requiring social distancing and other measures to protect public health. However, messaging has been inconsistent and unclear. OBJECTIVE: To determine COVID-19 awareness, knowledge, attitudes, and related behaviors among U.S. adults who are more vulnerable to complications of infection because of age and comorbid conditions. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey linked to 3 active clinical trials and 1 cohort study. SETTING: 5 academic internal medicine practices and 2 federally qualified health centers. PATIENTS: 630 adults aged 23 to 88 years living with 1 or more chronic conditions. MEASUREMENTS: Self-reported knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to COVID-19. RESULTS: A fourth (24.6%) of participants were “very worried” about getting the coronavirus. Nearly a third could not correctly identify symptoms (28.3%) or ways to prevent infection (30.2%). One in 4 adults (24.6%) believed that they were “not at all likely” to get the virus, and 21.9% reported that COVID-19 had little or no effect on their daily routine. One in 10 respondents was very confident that the federal government could prevent a nationwide outbreak. In multivariable analyses, participants who were black, were living below the poverty level, and had low health literacy were more likely to be less worried about COVID-19, to not believe that they would become infected, and to feel less prepared for an outbreak. Those with low health literacy had greater confidence in the federal government response. LIMITATION: Cross-sectional study of adults with underlying health conditions in 1 city during the initial week of the COVID-19 U.S. outbreak. CONCLUSION: Many adults with comorbid conditions lacked critical knowledge about COVID-19 and, despite concern, were not changing routines or plans. Noted disparities suggest that greater public health efforts may be needed to mobilize the most vulnerable communities. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: National Institutes of Health. url: https://doi.org/10.7326/m20-1239 doi: 10.7326/m20-1239 id: cord-327129-18693tng author: Wolpert, Miranda title: Prioritising global mental health: a photo paints a thousand words date: 2020-09-30 words: 777.0 sentences: 47.0 pages: flesch: 69.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327129-18693tng.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327129-18693tng.txt summary: In December, 2019, when the Wellcome Photography Prize was launched, I wrote that I was "hoping for images that will help provide a more nuanced picture of how people live with, or recover from, mental health problems". Here, I will focus on a shortlisted entry that closely links to Wellcome''s Mental Health strategic priority focus on identifying those "active ingredients" that really make a difference in addressing or managing anxiety and depression in young people worldwide. This work brings to life, in ways in which it is hard to do in words, the rich diversity of people''s approaches to managing their own mental health in the context of "trauma, delusion and dreams". Many people shared elements of their mental health kits. We hope that they will help spark further discussion and exploration of what works for whom and why, so that we can all take one step closer to a world where no one is held back by mental health problems. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2215036620303503 doi: 10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30350-3 id: cord-327058-7cnuem33 author: Wong, Anna S. Y. title: Social capital and public health: responding to the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-25 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: As countries continue to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic, the importance of ensuring that fair and equal access to healthcare for all is more urgent than ever. Policies that promote social capital building along all levels of society may offer an important avenue for improved healthcare delivery and health systems strengthening in the COVID-19 response. MAIN BODY: In reference to the established and emerging literature on social capital and health, we explore the role of social capital in the COVID-19 health policy response. We analyse current research with respect to mental health, public health policy compliance, and the provision of care for vulnerable populations, and highlight how considerations of bonding, bridging, and linking capital can contribute to health systems strengthening in the context of the COVID-19 response and recovery effort. CONCLUSIONS: This article argues that considerations of social capital – including virtual community building, fostering solidarity between high-risk and low-risk groups, and trust building between decision-makers, healthcare workers, and the public – offer a powerful frame of reference for understanding how response and recovery programs can be best implemented to effectively ensure the inclusive provision of COVID-19 health services. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-020-00615-x doi: 10.1186/s12992-020-00615-x id: cord-313754-f4sq45gy author: Wong, Chi-Yan title: Practice of habitual and volitional health behaviors to prevent severe acute respiratory syndrome among Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong date: 2005-03-31 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Abstract Purpose To explore factors relating to the practice of habitual and volitional health behaviors against the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) among Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong. Methods A community telephone survey was conducted with 230 Chinese adolescents. Random-digit dialing of the local residential telephone directory was used to select respondents, who were asked to provide information on their practice of SARS preventive health behaviors and associated factors as specified by the Health Belief Model. These factors included perceived threat of SARS, perceived benefits and barriers in practicing SARS preventive health behaviors, cues to action, knowledge of SARS, and self-efficacy. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to determine salient correlates of habitual and volitional health behaviors against SARS. Results About 54.8% of respondents reported practicing all three recommended habitual health behaviors. Another 47.8% indicated consistent practice of volitional health behavior of facemask-wearing to prevent SARS. Results of hierarchical regression analyses showed that habitual health behaviors against SARS were related to perceived health threat and environmental cues. For facemask-wearing, salient correlates were environmental cues, rates of SARS habitual health behaviors, younger age, and perceived health threat. Conclusions The Health Belief Model is useful in understanding Chinese adolescents’ practice of health behaviors, especially volitional health behaviors. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15737774/ doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2004.02.024 id: cord-024818-ntq02huc author: Wright, Natalie title: Health Emergency and Disaster Risk Management: Five Years into Implementation of the Sendai Framework date: 2020-04-30 words: 6509.0 sentences: 275.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-024818-ntq02huc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-024818-ntq02huc.txt summary: To enhance the resilience of national health systems, including by integrating disaster risk management into primary, secondary and tertiary health care, especially at the local level; developing the capacity of health workers in understanding disaster risk […] and supporting and training community health groups in disaster risk reduction approaches in health programmes, in collaboration with other sectors, as well as in the implementation of the International Health Regulations (2005) Being part of the UN system, the World Health Organization contributed to the lead-into the Sendai Framework and is now an active supporter and implementer of it. • The WHO Strategic Framework for Emergency Preparedness, which lays out the principles and constituents of effective country health emergency preparedness (WHO 2017); • The WHO''s An R&D Blueprint for Action to Prevent Epidemics, a global strategy and preparedness plan that supports the rapid implementation of research and development activities during epidemics (WHO 2016b); and • The IHR (2005) Monitoring and Evaluation Framework that includes annual reporting by states parties, simulation exercises, after action reviews, and voluntary joint external evaluation, which is a collaborative process to assess a country''s capacity to adhere to the IHR requirements (WHO 2016c). abstract: The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 recognizes health at the heart of disaster risk management (DRM) at the global policy level. Five years on, it has catalyzed the rapid development of the field of Health Emergency and Disaster Risk Management (Health EDRM) by providing a mandate for building partnerships as well as enhancing scientific research. Key milestones achieved include publication of the World Health Organization’s Health EDRM Framework, development of the WHO Thematic Platform for Health EDRM and the WHO Health EDRM Research Network, and further application of health information principles to DRM. Furthermore, health actors at all levels have continued to engage in the Sendai Framework processes and have had a key role in its implementation and proposed monitoring. There have been significant gains made through the partnership of health and DRM, but the relationship has not been without its challenges. Many national, regional, and global initiatives continue to operate with a lack of consistency and of linkages to respond to the Sendai Framework’s call for embedding health resilience in DRM, and conversely, embedding DRM in health resilience. Overcoming this hurdle is important, and doing so will be a key marker of success of the next 10 years of partnership under the Sendai Framework. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7223383/ doi: 10.1007/s13753-020-00274-x id: cord-338212-x0yrnnux author: Wu, Qiwei L. title: Factors Affecting Cancer Patients’ Electronic Communication with Providers: Implications for COVID-19 Induced Transitions to Telehealth date: 2020-09-28 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: OBJECTIVE: Because of the pandemic, electronic communication between patients and clinicians has taken on increasing significance in the delivery of cancer care. The study explored personal, clinical, and technology factors predicting cancer survivors’ electronic communication with clinicians. METHODS: Data for this investigation came from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS5, Cycle 2) that included 593 respondents who previously or currently had cancer. Multivariate regression analyses were used to predict electronic communication with clinicians. Predictors included demographic variables and health status, technology use (online health information-seeking behavior, tracking of health-related data such as using a Fitbit), and quality of past communication experiences with clinicians. RESULTS: In this pre COVID-19 sample, 42% respondents (N = 252) did not engage in any type of electronic communication (e.g., emailing, texting, data sharing) with providers. In multivariate analyses, predictors of more electronic communication with clinicians included frequency of seeking health-related information online (ß = .267, p < .001) and better communication experiences with clinicians (ß = .028, p = .034), while no demographic variable showed significance. The technology use variables (online health information seeking, health tracking) were significantly higher predictors of electronic communication with clinicians (ΔR(2) = .142, p < .001) than was past experiences with clinicians (ΔR(2) = .029, p = .016). CONCLUSIONS: Access and past experience with interactive media technologies are strong predictors of cancer patients’ electronic communication than with clinicians. Adoption of telehealth technology likely depends as much on patients’ relationships with technology as it does their relationships with clinicians. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Since Covid-19, cancer care providers have turned to telehealth provide patients with needed cancer care services. Enhancing patients’ digital competence and experience with electronic communication will help them more easily navigate telehealth care. Providers can leverage their relationship with patients to facilitate more effective use of telehealth services. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0738399120305346?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2020.09.036 id: cord-295399-rj2i3cxy author: Wurapa, Frederick title: One Health concept for strengthening public health surveillance and response through Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training in Ghana date: 2011-12-14 words: 4312.0 sentences: 185.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-295399-rj2i3cxy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-295399-rj2i3cxy.txt summary: The persisting need for well-trained epidemiologists to support the public health surveillance, outbreak investigation and response system made the development of the Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme (FELTP) a national priority. In keeping with the "One health" concept, to mitigate the increasing threat of outbreaks of zoonotic diseases and to further strengthen the laboratory''s key role in public health surveillance and response in the country, the trainees/residents were selected from serving staff nominated by the Ghana Health Service, Ministry of Health (physicians and laboratory scientists) and the Veterinary Service Directorate, Ministry of Food and Agriculture (veterinarians). During the 2-year period of training especially when on field postings, residents of the programme join the staff of the Ghana Health Service and Veterinary Service Directorate to investigate and respond to disease outbreaks and public health emergencies. abstract: The lack of highly trained field epidemiologists in the public health system in Ghana has been known since the 1970s when the Planning Unit was established in the Ghana Ministry of Health. When the Public Health School was started in 1994, the decision was taken to develop a 1 academic-year general MPH course. The persisting need for well-trained epidemiologists to support the public health surveillance, outbreak investigation and response system made the development of the Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme (FELTP) a national priority. The School of Public health and the Ministry of Health therefore requested the technical and financial assistance of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in organizing the Programme. The collaboration started by organizing short courses in disease outbreak investigations and response for serving Ghana Health Service staff. The success of the short courses led to development of the FELTP. By October 2007, the new FELTP curriculum for the award of a Masters of Philosophy in Applied Epidemiology and Disease Control was approved by the Academic Board of the University of Ghana and the programme started that academic year. Since then five cohorts of 37 residents have been enrolled in the two tracks of the programme. They consist of 12 physicians, 12 veterinarians and 13 laboratory scientists. The first two cohorts of 13 residents have graduated. The third cohort of seven has submitted dissertations and is awaiting the results. The fourth cohort has started the second year of field placement while the fifth cohort has just started the first semester. The field activities of the graduates have included disease outbreak investigations and response, evaluation of disease surveillance systems at the national level and analysis of datasets on diseases at the regional level. The residents have made a total of 25 oral presentations and 39 poster presentations at various regional and global scientific conferences. The Ghana FELTP (GFELTP) has promoted the introduction of the One Health concept into FELTP. It hosted the first USAID–supported workshop in West Africa to further integrate and strengthen collaboration of the animal and human health sectors in the FETP model. GFELTP has also taken the lead in hosting the first AFENET Center for Training in Public Health Leadership and Management, through which the short course on Management for Improving Public Health Interventions was developed for AFENET member countries. The GFELTP pre-tested the Integrated Avian Influenza Outbreak and Pandemic Influenza course in preparation for introducing the materials into the curriculum of other FELTP in the network. The leadership positions to which the graduates of the program have been appointed in the human and animal Public Health Services, improvement in disease surveillance, outbreak investigation and response along with the testimony of the health authorities about their appreciation of the outputs of the graduates at various fora, is a strong indication that the GFELTP is meeting its objectives. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22359694/ doi: nan id: cord-304399-7t2mu13s author: Wynne, Keona Jeane title: Dying individuals and suffering populations: applying a population-level bioethics lens to palliative care in humanitarian contexts: before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-19 words: 12082.0 sentences: 595.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304399-7t2mu13s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304399-7t2mu13s.txt summary: Many healthcare professionals, emergency services staff and humanitarian workers, as well as organisational leaders and policy-makers are shaken by powerlessness, guilt and fear from witnessing COVID-19 deaths which could have been avoided with better preparation; from being aware of the suffering and loneliness of those who are dying, while all available staff are needed to fight for the lives of those with higher chances of survival; or, with a growing likelihood, from contemplating decisions about withholding or withdrawing critical treatment because of severe resource limitations. Yet until the COVID-19 pandemic, these challenges were not openly discussed in the context of palliative care-including in the WHO guide which is our main focuseven if they were a way of life for many humanitarian and emergency workers and intuitively sensed by individuals external to the sectors. abstract: BACKGROUND: Humanitarian crises and emergencies, events often marked by high mortality, have until recently excluded palliative care—a specialty focusing on supporting people with serious or terminal illness or those nearing death. In the COVID-19 pandemic, palliative care has received unprecedented levels of societal attention. Unfortunately, this has not been enough to prevent patients dying alone, relatives not being able to say goodbye and palliative care being used instead of intensive care due to resource limitations. Yet global guidance was available. In 2018, the WHO released a guide on ‘Integrating palliative care and symptom relief into the response to humanitarian emergencies and crises’—the first guidance on the topic by an international body. AIMS: This paper argues that while a landmark document, the WHO guide took a narrowly clinical bioethics perspective and missed crucial moral dilemmas. We argue for adding a population-level bioethics lens, which draws forth complex moral dilemmas arising from the fact that groups having differential innate and acquired resources in the context of social and historical determinants of health. We discuss dilemmas concerning: limitations of material and human resources; patient prioritisation; euthanasia; and legacy inequalities, discrimination and power imbalances. IMPLICATIONS: In parts of the world where opportunity for preparation still exists, and as countries emerge from COVID-19, planners must consider care for the dying. Immediate steps to support better resolutions to ethical dilemmas of the provision of palliative care in humanitarian and emergency contexts will require honest debate; concerted research effort; and international, national and local ethical guidance. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2019-105943 doi: 10.1136/medethics-2019-105943 id: cord-034351-5br4faov author: Xu, Shuang-Fei title: Cross-Sectional Seroepidemiologic Study of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) among Close Contacts, Children, and Migrant Workers in Shanghai date: 2020-10-02 words: 3445.0 sentences: 187.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-034351-5br4faov.txt txt: ./txt/cord-034351-5br4faov.txt summary: (1) Background: Along with an increasing risk caused by migrant workers returning to the urban areas for the resumption of work and production and growing epidemiological evidence of possible transmission during the incubation period, a study of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is warranted among key populations to determine the serum antibody against the SARS-CoV-2 and the carrying status of SARS-CoV-2 to identify potential asymptomatic infection and to explore the risk factors. Three categories of targeted populations (close contacts, migrant workers who return to urban areas for work, and school children) will be included in this study as they are important for case identification in communities. Since the first known case of pneumonia infected with the novel coronavirus was reported in the city of Wuhan in late December of 2019, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2 and announced by the World Health Organization on 11 February 2020, unexpectedly and quickly spread in China and many other countries with rapid geographical expansion and a sudden increase in the number of cases [1, 2] . abstract: (1) Background: Along with an increasing risk caused by migrant workers returning to the urban areas for the resumption of work and production and growing epidemiological evidence of possible transmission during the incubation period, a study of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is warranted among key populations to determine the serum antibody against the SARS-CoV-2 and the carrying status of SARS-CoV-2 to identify potential asymptomatic infection and to explore the risk factors. (2) Method: This is a cross-sectional seroepidemiologic study. Three categories of targeted populations (close contacts, migrant workers who return to urban areas for work, and school children) will be included in this study as they are important for case identification in communities. A multi-stage sampling method will be employed to acquire an adequate sample size. Assessments that include questionnaires and blood, nasopharyngeal specimens, and feces collection will be performed via home-visit survey. (3) Ethics and Dissemination: The study was approved by the Institute Review Board of School of Public Health, Fudan University (IRB#2020-04-0818). Before data collection, written informed consent will be obtained from all participants. The manuscripts from this work will be submitted for publication in quality peer-reviewed journals and presented at national or international conferences. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7579139/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17197223 id: cord-025056-geboovve author: Xu, Yeqing title: Mental health services in Shanghai during the COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-05-21 words: 1389.0 sentences: 79.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-025056-geboovve.txt txt: ./txt/cord-025056-geboovve.txt summary: Furthermore, adequate and necessary attention was required for patients with mental health disorders in the COVID-19 epidemic (Yao, Chen & Xu, 2020) . If the test results are positive, patients will be transferred to Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center for further treatment (one to four psychiatrists are working there during the epidemic, offering psychiatric consultations for patients and psychological services for medics). All these strict measures help us to make sure there is no coronavirus infection in psychiatric hospitals, but also makes the access to mental health services more difficult. Free online lectures are also offered by experts from SMHC and other mental health centers in Shanghai to advise people how to deal with negative emotions during the epidemic. Mental health services are offered to patients and medics both in Shanghai and in Wuhan. Mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak Patients with mental health disorders in the COVID-19 epidemic abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7241385/ doi: 10.1016/j.fsiml.2020.100022 id: cord-274163-yxl9a9u7 author: Yadav, Uday Narayan title: A Syndemic Perspective on the Management of Non-communicable Diseases Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic in Low- and Middle-Income Countries date: 2020-09-25 words: 3756.0 sentences: 178.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274163-yxl9a9u7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274163-yxl9a9u7.txt summary: These interactions can affect the physical, emotional, and social well-being of PLWNCDs. In this paper, we discuss the effects of the COVID-19 syndemic on PLWNCDs, particularly how it has exposed them to NCD risk factors and disrupted essential public health services. We argue that, for people living with NCDs (PLWNCDs), COVID-19 is considered a syndemic-a synergistic pandemic that interacts with various pre-existing medical conditions and social, ecological, and political factors and exacerbates existing NCDs. Studies have reported higher proportions of frailty (13, 14) , malnutrition (15) , psychological problems (16) , and coinfections, including antimicrobial resistance pathogens, among PLWNCDs (17) in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). abstract: The global coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has greatly affected the lives of people living with non-communicable diseases (PLWNCDs). The health of PLWNCDs worsens when synergistic epidemics or “syndemics” occur due to the interaction between socioecological and biological factors, resulting in adverse outcomes. These interactions can affect the physical, emotional, and social well-being of PLWNCDs. In this paper, we discuss the effects of the COVID-19 syndemic on PLWNCDs, particularly how it has exposed them to NCD risk factors and disrupted essential public health services. We conclude by reflecting on strategies and policies that deal with the COVID-19 syndemic among PLWNCDs in low- and middle-income countries. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00508 doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00508 id: cord-315801-hurpcc4e author: Yadava, Om Prakash title: COVID-19: are there lessons? date: 2020-07-31 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12055-020-01024-w doi: 10.1007/s12055-020-01024-w id: cord-013385-6nq4yzvz author: Yang, Fan title: Heterogeneous Influences of Social Support on Physical and Mental Health: Evidence from China date: 2020-09-18 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Employing a national representative survey (the China Labor-force Dynamics Survey 2016, CLDS2016) data (N = 14246), this paper examines the heterogeneous influences of social support on individual physical and mental health in China. Social support is characterized by four dimensions: emotional support, tangible or instrumental support, interaction or exchange support, and community support. Physical health is measured by self-rated health and body mass index (BMI), while mental health is measured by depression, hopelessness, failure, fear, loneliness, and meaninglessness. The results indicate that different dimensions of social support have heterogeneous effects on individual physical and mental health. Specifically, the correlation between emotional support and individual physical health is not significant, but emotional support is significantly related to some mental health variables. Tangible or instrumental support is significantly related to individual self-rated physical health but not to BMI or mental health. Interaction or exchange support is significantly correlated with individual self-rated health and some mental health variables. In general, there are significant correlations between community support, and individual physical and mental health. The results also suggest that the influences of social support on physical and mental health of individuals at different ages (<60 years and ≥60 years) are heterogeneous. The results of this study provide direction for the dimension selection of social support to promote individual health. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7558190/ doi: 10.3390/ijerph17186838 id: cord-279699-068kdv9y author: Yang, Kwangmo title: Big Technology and Data Privacy date: 2020-07-31 words: 1153.0 sentences: 76.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-279699-068kdv9y.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279699-068kdv9y.txt summary: In the amended Act, pseudonymized information may be processed without the consent of data subjects for statistical purposes, scientific research, and the preservation of records for the public interest, and so forth. This means that it is also a change to meet the protection standards of the European Union''s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) or the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of the United States. The HIPAA by the US government achieves the deidentification of protected health information through the expert determination method and safe harbor method [5] . According to the amended PIPA, pseudonymized information may be processed without the consent of the data subjects for statistical purposes, scientific research, and the preservation of records for the public interest. Guidance Regarding Methods for De-identification of Protected Health Information in Accordance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Privacy Rule abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.4258/hir.2020.26.3.163 doi: 10.4258/hir.2020.26.3.163 id: cord-308378-qnkqckvm author: Yang, Li title: Financing strategies to improve essential public health equalization and its effects in China date: 2016-12-01 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: In 2009, China launched a health reform to promote the equalization of national essential public health services package (NEPHSP). The present study aimed to describe the financing strategies and mechanisms to improve access to public health for all, identify the strengths and weaknesses of the different approaches, and showed evidence on equity improvement among different regions. METHODS: We reviewed the relevant literatures and identified 208 articles after screening and quality assessment and conducted six key informants’ interviews. Secondary data on national and local government health expenditures, NEPHSP coverage and health indicators in 2003–2014 were collected, descriptive and equity analyses were used. RESULTS: Before 2009, the government subsidy to primary care institutions (PCIs) were mainly used for basic construction and a small part of personnel expenses. Since 2009, the new funds for NEPHSP have significantly expanded service coverage and population coverage. These funds have been allocated by central, provincial, municipal and county governments at different proportions in China’s tax distribution system. Due to the fiscal transfer payment, the Central Government allocated more subsides to less-developed western regions and all the funds were managed in a specific account. Several types of payment methods have been adopted including capitation, pay for performance (P4P), pay for service items, global budget and public health voucher, to address issues from both the supply and demand sides. The equalization of NEPHSP did well through the establishment of health records, systematic care of children and maternal women, etc. Our data showed that the gap between the eastern, central and western regions narrowed. However the coverage for migrants was still low and performance was needed improving in effectiveness of managing patients with chronic diseases. CONCLUSIONS: The delivery of essential public health services was highly influenced by public fiscal policy, and the implementation of health reform since 2009 has led the public health development towards the right direction. However China still needs to increase the fiscal investments to expand service coverage as well as promote the quality of public health services and equality among regions. Independent scientific monitoring and evaluation are also needed. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27905941/ doi: 10.1186/s12939-016-0482-x id: cord-341616-ts98sfxx author: Yang, Yang title: Public Voice via Social Media: Role in Cooperative Governance during Public Health Emergency date: 2020-09-18 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: With the development of the Internet, social networking sites have empowered the public to directly express their views about social issues and hence contribute to social change. As a new type of voice behavior, public voice on social media has aroused wide concern among scholars. However, why public voice is expressed and how it influences social development and betterment in times of public health emergencies remains unstudied. A key point is whether governments can take effective countermeasures when faced with public health emergencies. In such situation, public voice is of great significance in the formulation and implementation of coping policies. This qualitive study uses China’s Health Code policy under COVID-19 to explore why the public performs voice behavior on social media and how this influences policy evolution and product innovation through cooperative governance. A stimulus-cognition-emotion-behavior model is established to explain public voice, indicating that it is influenced by cognitive processes and public emotions under policy stimulus. What is more, as a form of public participation in cooperative governance, public voice plays a significant role in promoting policy evolution and product innovation, and represents a useful form of cooperation with governments and enterprises to jointly maintain social stability under public health emergencies url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186840 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17186840 id: cord-018336-6fh69mk4 author: Yasnoff, William A. title: Public Health Informatics and the Health Information Infrastructure date: 2006 words: 12156.0 sentences: 554.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-018336-6fh69mk4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-018336-6fh69mk4.txt summary: With faster and cheaper hardware and radically improved software tools, it has become financially and technically feasible to create information systems that will provide the information about individuals and populations necessary for optimized decision-making in medical care and public health. The National Electronic Disease Surveillance System (NEDSS) is a major CDC initiative that addresses this issue by promoting the use of data and information system standards to advance the development of efficient, integrated, and interoperable surveillance systems at federal, state and local levels (see www.cdc.gov/nedss). Although immunization registries are among the largest and most complex public health information systems, the successful implementations show conclusively that it is possible to overcome the challenging informatics problems they present. While a number of health care institutions, particularly large hospitals, have reported substantial cost improvements from electronic medical record systems, the direct financial benefits are by no means a forgone conclusion, especially for smaller organizations. abstract: What are the three core functions of public health, and how do they help shape the different foci of public health and medicine? What are the current and potential effects of a) the genomics revolution; and b) 9/11 on public health informatics? What were the political, organizational, epidemiological, and technical issues that influenced the development of immunization registries? How do registries promote public health, and how can this model be expanded to other domains (be specific about those domains) ? How might it fail in others?Why? What is the vision and purpose of the National Health Information Infrastructure? What kinds of impacts will it have, and in what time periods? Why don’t we have one already? What are the political and technical barriers to its implementation? What are the characteristics of any evaluation process that would be used to judge demonstration projects? url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7123186/ doi: 10.1007/0-387-36278-9_15 id: cord-269362-pne9qolr author: Yassi, Annalee title: Collaboration between infection control and occupational health in three continents: a success story with international impact date: 2011-11-08 words: 4464.0 sentences: 193.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269362-pne9qolr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269362-pne9qolr.txt summary: Post-SARS, Canadian occupational health and infection control researchers got together to study how to better protect health workers, and found that training was indeed perceived as key to a positive safety culture. As the H1N1 pandemic struck, the online infection control course was adapted and translated into Spanish, as was a novel skill-building learning tool that permits health workers to practice selecting personal protective equipment. This international collaboration between occupational health and infection control researchers led to the improvement of the research framework and development of tools, guidelines and information systems. The workplace audit tool, developed originally in Canada by the team (comprised of experts in program evaluation, infection control, occupational health, information technology, public health and medicine), and refined from use in Ecuador and South Africa, was again adapted and workshops held to train occupational health and infection control practitioners from 7 countries across the Caribbean. abstract: Globalization has been accompanied by the rapid spread of infectious diseases, and further strain on working conditions for health workers globally. Post-SARS, Canadian occupational health and infection control researchers got together to study how to better protect health workers, and found that training was indeed perceived as key to a positive safety culture. This led to developing information and communication technology (ICT) tools. The research conducted also showed the need for better workplace inspections, so a workplace audit tool was also developed to supplement worker questionnaires and the ICT. When invited to join Ecuadorean colleagues to promote occupational health and infection control, these tools were collectively adapted and improved, including face-to-face as well as on-line problem-based learning scenarios. The South African government then invited the team to work with local colleagues to improve occupational health and infection control, resulting in an improved web-based health information system to track incidents, exposures, and occupational injury and diseases. As the H1N1 pandemic struck, the online infection control course was adapted and translated into Spanish, as was a novel skill-building learning tool that permits health workers to practice selecting personal protective equipment. This tool was originally developed in collaboration with the countries from the Caribbean region and the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO). Research from these experiences led to strengthened focus on building capacity of health and safety committees, and new modules are thus being created, informed by that work. The products developed have been widely heralded as innovative and interactive, leading to their inclusion into “toolkits” used internationally. The tools used in Canada were substantially improved from the collaborative adaptation process for South and Central America and South Africa. This international collaboration between occupational health and infection control researchers led to the improvement of the research framework and development of tools, guidelines and information systems. Furthermore, the research and knowledge-transfer experience highlighted the value of partnership amongst Northern and Southern researchers in terms of sharing resources, experiences and knowledge. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22166059/ doi: 10.1186/1472-698x-11-s2-s8 id: cord-339058-jtj12571 author: Yassi, Annalee title: Trends in Injuries, Illnesses, and Policies in Canadian Healthcare Workplaces date: 2005-09-01 words: 4288.0 sentences: 284.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339058-jtj12571.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339058-jtj12571.txt summary: BACKGROUND: Analysis of workers'' compensation data and occupational health and safety trends in healthcare across Canada was conducted to provide insight concerning workplace injuries and prevention measures undertaken in the healthcare sector. While occupational health is a provincial jurisdiction, harmonizing data in addition to sharing data on successful prevention measures and best practices may improve workplace conditions and thereby further reduce injury rates for higher risk healthcare sector occupations. [95] [96] [97] [98] [99] [100] Health Canada commissioned this study to obtain an overview of trends in workers'' compensation claims and provincial-level prevention initiatives in order to gain insight into successful strategies for improving working conditions in healthcare. Timeloss injury and occupational disease data for 1992-2002 were collected from the National Work Injuries Statistics Program (NWISP) compiled by the Association of Workers'' Compensation Boards of Canada (AWCBC). abstract: BACKGROUND: Analysis of workers’ compensation data and occupational health and safety trends in healthcare across Canada was conducted to provide insight concerning workplace injuries and prevention measures undertaken in the healthcare sector. METHODS: Timeloss claims data were collected for 1992–2002 from the Association of Workers’ Compensation Boards of Canada. Labour Force data from Statistics Canada were used to calculate injury rates. The Occupational Health and Safety Agency for Healthcare in British Columbia coordinated with provincial occupational health and safety agencies in Ontario, Quebec and Nova Scotia to analyze injury data and collate prevention measures in their regions. RESULTS: The national timeloss injury rate declined from 4.3 to 3.7 injuries per 100 personyears since 1998. Musculoskeletal injuries consistently comprised the majority of timeloss claims. Needlestick injuries, infectious diseases and stress-related claims infrequently resulted in timeloss claims although they are known to cause great concern in the workplace. Prevention measures taken in the various provinces related to safer equipment (lifts and electric beds), return-to-work programs, and violence prevention initiatives. Different eligibility criteria as well as adjudication policies confounded the comparison of injury rates across provinces. DISCUSSION: Since 2000, all provinces experienced healthcare restructuring and increased workload in an aging workforce. Despite these increased risks, injury rates have decreased. Attribution for these trends is complex, but there is reason to believe that focus on prevention can further decrease injuries. While occupational health is a provincial jurisdiction, harmonizing data in addition to sharing data on successful prevention measures and best practices may improve workplace conditions and thereby further reduce injury rates for higher risk healthcare sector occupations. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16238148/ doi: 10.1007/bf03404026 id: cord-306112-wqqfpr4g author: Yilmaz, Ozge title: Brief report: International perspectives on the pediatric COVID‐19 experience date: 2020-05-01 words: 783.0 sentences: 49.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-306112-wqqfpr4g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306112-wqqfpr4g.txt summary: authors: Yilmaz, Ozge; Gochicoa‐Rangel, Laura; Blau, Hannah; Epaud, Ralph; Lands, Larry C.; Lombardi, Enrico; Moore, Paul E.; Stein, Renato T.; Wong, Gary W. On 31 March 2020 the International Committee of the American Thoracic Society Pediatrics Assembly recorded an online podcast, during which pediatric pulmonologists worldwide shared their experience on the novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) in children. This manuscript summarizes the common themes of the podcast which centered around three main topics: more benign clinical disease and progression in pediatric cases compared to adults, a strong need for strategies to protect health care workers, and social or economic disparities as a barrier to successful pandemic control. The common themes of the podcast centered around three main topics: more benign clinical disease and progression in pediatric cases compared with adults, a strong need for strategies to protect health care workers, and social or economic disparities as a barrier to successful pandemic control. Infection prevention and control during health care when novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection is suspected abstract: The 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2) is endangering human health worldwide; scarcity of published pediatric cases and current literature and the absence of evidence‐based guidelines necessitate international sharing of experience and personal communication. On 31 March 2020 the International Committee of the American Thoracic Society Pediatrics Assembly recorded an online podcast, during which pediatric pulmonologists worldwide shared their experience on the novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) in children. The aim was to share personal experience in organizing pediatric care in different health care settings globally, protecting health care workers, and isolation practices. This manuscript summarizes the common themes of the podcast which centered around three main topics: more benign clinical disease and progression in pediatric cases compared to adults, a strong need for strategies to protect health care workers, and social or economic disparities as a barrier to successful pandemic control. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.24800 doi: 10.1002/ppul.24800 id: cord-266501-7jkzbmsf author: Ying, Wang title: Drugs supply and pharmaceutical care management practices at a designated hospital during the COVID-19 epidemic date: 2020-04-06 words: 2593.0 sentences: 154.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266501-7jkzbmsf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266501-7jkzbmsf.txt summary: According to COVID-19 prevention and control policy and requirements, combined with series of diagnosis and treatment plans, pharmacists in the first provincial-level COVID-19 diagnosis and treatment unit in Jilin Province in Northeast China have established the management practices of drug supply and pharmaceutical care from four aspects: personnel, drugs supply management, off-label drug use management and pharmaceutical care. This paper summarized the details and practices of drug supply and pharmaceutical services management to provide experience for the people who involving in COVID-19 prevention and contain in other abroad epidemic areas. 4 The Pharmaceutical Department of THJU has carried out a series of work in terms of drug supply and pharmaceutical service, which has provided effective support for prevention, control and treatments of COVID-19. By implementing the man-management guarantee practice, the pharmacology department of THJU has resolve the problem of insufficient medical staff, ensuring the physical and mental health of pharmacists and deepen understanding COVID -19 prevention and control plans. abstract: The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus that was first detected at the end of December 2019. The epidemic has affected various regions of China in different degrees. As the situations evolve, the COVID-19 had been confirmed in many countries, and made a assessment that it can be characterized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. Drugs are the main treatment of COVID-19 patients. Pharmaceutical service offers drug safety ensurance for COVID-19 patients. According to COVID-19 prevention and control policy and requirements, combined with series of diagnosis and treatment plans, pharmacists in the first provincial-level COVID-19 diagnosis and treatment unit in Jilin Province in Northeast China have established the management practices of drug supply and pharmaceutical care from four aspects: personnel, drugs supply management, off-label drug use management and pharmaceutical care. During the outbreak, the pharmaceutical department of THJU completed its assigned workload to ensure drug supply. So far, no nosocomial infections and medication errors have occurred, which has stabilized the mood of the staff and boosted the pharmacists' confidence in fighting the epidemic. For the treatment of COVID-19, pharmacists conducted adverse reaction monitoring and participated in the multidisciplinary consultation of COVID-19. Up to now, the COVID-19 patients admitted to THJU have not shown any new serious adverse reactions and been cured finally. The hospital pharmacy department timely adjusted the work mode, and the formed management practices is a powerful guarantee for the prevention and control of the COVID-19 epidemic. This paper summarized the details and practices of drug supply and pharmaceutical services management to provide experience for the people who involving in COVID-19 prevention and contain in other abroad epidemic areas. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32317153/ doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.04.001 id: cord-258792-4lakgpxp author: Yoon, Sung‐Won title: Sovereign Dignity, Nationalism and the Health of a Nation: A Study of China''s Response in Combat of Epidemics date: 2008-04-08 words: 7935.0 sentences: 341.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-258792-4lakgpxp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258792-4lakgpxp.txt summary: Unless and until the Chinese leadership examines the nationalistic element embedded in their approach towards growing disease Sung-Won Yoon: Sovereign Dignity, Nationalism and the Health of a Nation epidemics and globalising health challenges, China''s ascendance to great power status will actually be harmed rather than helped. A major factor behind the government''s recent change in its attitude towards the AIDS epidemic seemed to be the outbreak of SARS in China in Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism: Vol. 8, No. 1, 2008 2003, which exposed the dangers of not reacting to emerging infectious diseases. It is argued that global health governance may influence the nation''s response to the threats posed by emerging infectious diseases such as SARS or AIDS as a mode of building political compromises but does not considerably alter the nation''s behaviour, at least for China. abstract: This paper seeks to understand the role of nationalism in China's policy towards the combat of emerging infectious diseases. By locating nationalism as a factor which facilitates or impedes global governance and international collaboration, this paper explores how nationalism influences China's political decision‐making. Given her historical experience, China has in its national psyche an impulse never to become ‘the sick man of the East’ again. Today, China's willingness to co‐operate with international bodies emanates out of reputational concerns rather than technical‐medical considerations. This was clearly manifested in her handling of two epidemics in recent years: the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and HIV/AIDS episodes. This paper concludes that China's nationalism plays an inhibiting role in China's attempts to further incorporate herself into the architecture of global health governance in the long run. url: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-9469.2008.00009.x doi: 10.1111/j.1754-9469.2008.00009.x id: cord-009269-6fs0f4b7 author: Youde, Jeremy title: Is universal access to antiretroviral drugs an emerging international norm? date: 2008-12-12 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The international community appears to have embraced a new norm — that of universal access to antiretroviral drugs. The process by which this norm has found acceptance raises interesting questions about how norm entrepreneurs frame their arguments, the role of non-state actors in realizing a norm, and the importance of existent complementary norms. To understand the success of the norm of universal antiretroviral access, I examine the failure of an earlier health-related norm — that of universal primary health care. The campaign for universal antiretroviral access points to a need for a more nuanced understanding of norm evolution within the international community and a more holistic vision of which actors can facilitate the realization of a norm. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7140236/ doi: 10.1057/jird.2008.10 id: cord-283475-28900qlr author: Yu, Wenzhou title: Vaccine-preventable disease control in the People’s Republic of China: 1949–2016 date: 2018-12-18 words: 5046.0 sentences: 203.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283475-28900qlr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283475-28900qlr.txt summary: Vaccine production was increased and the frequency of campaigns were increased with most provinces conducting at least two or three province-wide campaigns each year; live vaccines in the fall and winter and killed In support of the 1985 United Nations resolution on Universal Childhood Immunization (UCI), ''''85-85" coverage goals were included in China''s ''''7th 5-year Plan for National Social and Economic Development, 1986-1990" setting targets of 85% percent coverage at province-level with BCG, DPT, OPV and measles by 12 months of age by 1988, and 85% coverage at county-level by 1990. In 1989, the National People''s Congress passed a law requiring health authorities at all levels implement a system of planned preventive immunizations that included issuing vaccination certificates to all children and establishing registers to monitor vaccination coverage at township levels and above. abstract: BACKGROUND: China's immunization program is one of the oldest and largest in the world. Rates of vaccine-preventable diseases (VPD) are comparable to those in high-income countries. The program's evolution has been characterized by ambitious target setting and innovative strategies that have not been widely described. METHODS: We reviewed national and provincial health department archives; analyzed disease surveillance, vaccination coverage, and serosurvey data from 1950 through 2016; and, conducted in-depth interviews with senior Chinese experts involved early VPD control efforts. RESULTS: Widespread immunization began in the 1950s with smallpox, diphtheria, and Bacillus-Calmette Guerin vaccines, and in the 1960s with pertussis, tetanus, polio, measles, and Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccines. The largest drops in absolute VPD burden occurred in the 1970s with establishment of the Rural Cooperative Medical System and a cadre of trained peasant health workers whose responsibilities included vaccinations. From 1970 to 1979, incidence per 100,000 population dropped 48% from 3.3 to 1.75 for diphtheria, 50% from 152.2 to 49.4 for pertussis, 77% from 2.5 to 0.6 for polio, 60% from 450.5 to 178.3 for measles, and 72% from 18.0 to 5.1 for JE, averting an average of 4 million VPD cases each year. Until the early 1980s, vaccines were delivered through annual winter campaigns using a coordinated ‘rush-relay’ system to expedite transport while leveraging vaccine thermostability. Establishment of the cold chain system during in the 1980s allowed bi-monthly vaccination rounds and more timely vaccination resulting in rates of diphtheria, pertussis, measles and meningitis falling over 90% from 1980 to 1989, while polio and JE rates fell 40–50%. In the 1990s, progress stalled as financing for public health was weakened by broad market reforms. Large investments in public health and immunizations by the central government since 2004 has led to further declines in VPD burden and increased equity. During 2011–2016, the incidence per 100,000 population was <2.0 for measles and <0.2 for pertussis, JE, meningococcal meningitis, and hepatitis A. From 1992 to 2014, the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B infection in children <5 years fell from 9.7% to 0.3%, a 97% decline. China was certified polio-free in 2000 and diphtheria was last reported in 2006. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term political commitment to immunizations as a basic right, ambitious targets, use of disease incidence as the primary metric to assess program performance, and nationwide scale-up of successful locally developed strategies that optimized use of available limited resources have been critical to China's success in controlling vaccine-preventable diseases. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0264410X18313574 doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.10.005 id: cord-252771-6kwfulqe author: Yue, Jing-Li title: Mental health services for infectious disease outbreaks including COVID-19: a rapid systematic review date: 2020-11-05 words: 7935.0 sentences: 412.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252771-6kwfulqe.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252771-6kwfulqe.txt summary: Group-based cognitive behavioral therapy, psychological first aid, community-based psychosocial arts program, and other culturally adapted interventions were reported as being effective against the mental health impacts of COVID-19, Ebola, and SARS. Specifically, mental health professionals including psychiatrists, psychiatric nurses, and psychologists were deployed to provide psychological counseling and support for vulnerable populations (e.g. frontline healthcare workers, confirmed COVID-19 patients, suspected COVID-19 cases and their families) in China and for people in quarantine in South Korea. For example, group-based CBT (Waterman et al., 2018; Waterman et al., 2019) , PFA, PTL (Decosimo et al., 2019) , culturally adapted interventions such as SMART (Ng et al., 2006) , ultra-brief psychological interventions (Ping et al., 2020) and peer supports (Rastegar Kazerooni et al., 2020) have been reported to effectively mitigate the emotional impacts of COVID-19, EVD, and SARS outbreaks. Culturally-adapted and cost-effective mental health emergency systems based on evidence-based intervention methods integrated into public health emergency responses at the national and global levels are recommended to reduce the psychological impacts of infectious disease outbreaks, especially for COVID-19. abstract: The upsurge in the number of people affected by the COVID-19 is likely to lead to increased rates of emotional trauma and mental illnesses. This article systematically reviewed the available data on the benefits of interventions to reduce adverse mental health sequelae of infectious disease outbreaks, and to offer guidance for mental health service responses to infectious disease pandemic. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, PsycINFO, WHO Global Research Database on infectious disease, and the preprint server medRxiv were searched. Of 4278 reports identified, 32 were included in this review. Most articles of psychological interventions were implemented to address the impact of COVID-19 pandemic, followed by Ebola, SARS, and MERS for multiple vulnerable populations. Increasing mental health literacy of the public is vital to prevent the mental health crisis under the COVID-19 pandemic. Group-based cognitive behavioral therapy, psychological first aid, community-based psychosocial arts program, and other culturally adapted interventions were reported as being effective against the mental health impacts of COVID-19, Ebola, and SARS. Culturally-adapted, cost-effective, and accessible strategies integrated into the public health emergency response and established medical systems at the local and national levels are likely to be an effective option to enhance mental health response capacity for the current and for future infectious disease outbreaks. Tele-mental healthcare services were key central components of stepped care for both infectious disease outbreak management and routine support; however, the usefulness and limitations of remote health delivery should also be recognized. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33148347/ doi: 10.1017/s0033291720003888 id: cord-335551-1qc5b8a9 author: Zachariah, Rony title: Investing in Operational Research Capacity Building for Front-Line Health Workers Strengthens Countries’ Resilience to Tackling the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-07-16 words: 2780.0 sentences: 136.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335551-1qc5b8a9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335551-1qc5b8a9.txt summary: title: Investing in Operational Research Capacity Building for Front-Line Health Workers Strengthens Countries'' Resilience to Tackling the COVID-19 Pandemic "The operational research training I received from TDR and its partners has been invaluable as it has enabled me to transfer the skills I acquired while conducting research on Ebola to my current work on COVID-19"-Dr James Squire, Ministry of Health, Sierra Leone. SORT IT is a global partnership-based initiative led by TDR, The Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, and implemented with various partners including ministries of health, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and academic institutions [1] . Of those who responded, 417 from 72 countries were actively involved in the COVID-19 response and 307 (74%) from 60 countries were applying their skills acquired from SORT IT courses to tackle the pandemic ( Figure 2 ). abstract: (1) Introduction. The Structured Operational Research and Training IniTiative (SORT IT) supports countries to build operational research capacity for improving public health. We assessed whether health workers trained through SORT IT were (1) contributing to the COVID-19 pandemic response and if so, (2) map where and how they were applying their SORT IT skills. (2) Methods. An online questionnaire survey of SORT IT alumni trained between 2009 and 2019. (3) Results. Of 895 SORT IT alumni from 93 countries, 652 (73%) responded to the survey and 417 were contributing to the COVID-19 response in 72 countries. Of those contributing, 307 (74%) were applying their SORT IT skills to tackle the pandemic in 60 countries and six continents including Africa, Asia, Europe, South Pacific and North/South America. Skills were applied to all the pillars of the emergency response with the highest proportions of alumni applying their skills in data generation/analysis/reporting (56%), situation analysis (55%) and surveillance (41%). Skills were also being used to mitigate the health system effects of COVID-19 on other diseases (27%) and in conducting research (26%). (4) Conclusion. Investing in people and in research training ahead of public health emergencies generates downstream dividends by strengthening health system resilience for tackling pandemics. It also strengthens human resources for health and the integration of research within health systems. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed5030118 doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed5030118 id: cord-318279-byophdo2 author: Zahid, Talal title: Comparison of Effectiveness of Mobile App versus Conventional Educational Lectures on Oral Hygiene Knowledge and Behavior of High School Students in Saudi Arabia date: 2020-10-13 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of two different oral health education approaches, a mobile application (the Brush DJ app) and conventional educational lectures, on the oral hygiene knowledge and behavior of high school children. METHODS: The research was a cross‐sectional study of 271 students from two public schools in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia. An eighteen-item questionnaire was used for this purpose. Those who completed the baseline questionnaire were allocated to one of two groups: (1) mobile application and (2) educational lecture. A follow-up survey was later conducted at three months, which repeated eight of the eighteen questions asked in the baseline survey. The change in oral hygiene attitude and behaviors was compared across both groups. RESULTS: The Brush DJ app was found to be equally effective compared to educational lectures in changing oral health knowledge, attitude and behavior. Both groups showed significant improvements in almost all aspects of oral health, except for the frequency and duration of tooth brushing in the app group. There was no change in twice daily tooth brushing of app users, and less than 40% reported brushing their teeth for 2 minutes. A statistically significant change, however, was noted among lecture group participants in these two areas of oral hygiene routine. The app was also found to be more difficult in usability than educational lectures (p = 0.037). CONCLUSION: The Brush DJ app may be a valuable tool to improve oral health knowledge, attitude and behavior. However, the app needs some improvements. The content and features of the app need to be structured in a way that it allows for personalization and is more interactive, practical and user-friendly. url: https://doi.org/10.2147/ppa.s270215 doi: 10.2147/ppa.s270215 id: cord-345045-nlui9d6e author: Zahn, Matthew title: Infectious Diseases Physicians: Improving and Protecting the Public’s Health: Why Equitable Compensation Is Critical date: 2019-07-15 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Infectious diseases (ID) physicians play a crucial role in public health in a variety of settings. Unfortunately, much of this work is undercompensated despite the proven efficacy of public health interventions such as hospital acquired infection prevention, antimicrobial stewardship, disease surveillance, and outbreak response. The lack of compensation makes it difficult to attract the best and the brightest to the field of ID, threatening the future of the ID workforce. Here, we examine compensation data for ID physicians compared to their value in population and public health settings and suggest policy recommendations to address the pay disparities that exist between cognitive and procedural specialties that prevent more medical students and residents from entering the field. All ID physicians should take an active role in promoting the value of the subspecialty to policymakers and influencers as well as trainees. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciy888 doi: 10.1093/cid/ciy888 id: cord-007118-fo2lq1sb author: Zakaria, Nasriah title: Development of Saudi e-health literacy scale for chronic diseases in Saudi Arabia: using integrated health literacy dimensions date: 2018-03-24 words: 3217.0 sentences: 172.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-007118-fo2lq1sb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-007118-fo2lq1sb.txt summary: Despite evidence of high IT use, there is no published evidence about whether the Saudi population is using IT to obtain health information or make decisions, especially regarding NCDs such as diabetes, cardiovascular issues and hypertension. In this study, we describe the development of a Saudi e-health literacy scale (SeHL) for measuring e-health literacy among Saudis suffering from NCDs, especially diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. We were able to aggregate a scale that measures e-health literacy based on four dimensions: decision making, information seeking, confidence, and use of media and technology. We did this by reviewing previous studies in health literacy and e-health literacy and by conducting workshops to propose a new scale suitable for measuring e-health literacy levels among the Saudi population. In terms of the public health field, this e-health literacy research can help organization build a better patient education system that would promote prevention of NCDs. This study also analyzed literacy dimensions identified in other wellknown scales in AlSayah et al. abstract: OBJECTIVE: Health literacy has become a global issue, and it is important that patients and individuals are able to use information technology to access health information and educational services. The research objective is to develop a Saudi e-health literacy scale (SeHL) for measuring e-health literacy among Saudis suffering from non-communicable diseases (NCD). METHODS: Overall, 14 relevant papers in related interdisciplinary fields were reviewed to select the most useful literacy dimensions. From these articles, we extracted the most common dimensions used to measure e-health literacy across the disciplines. Multiple workshops with multidisciplinary team members reviewed and evaluated items for SeHL. RESULTS: Four key aspects of e-health literacy—use of technology/media, information-seeking, usefulness and confidence—were identified and integrated as e-health literacy dimensions. These will be used to measure e-health literacy among Saudi patients with NCDs. A translation from Arabic to English was performed in order to ensure that translation process was accurate. A SeHL scale was developed to measure e-health literacy among Saudi patients. By understanding e-health literacy levels, we will be able to create a patient-education system to be used by patients in Saudi Arabia. CONCLUSIONS: As information technology is increasingly used by people of all ages all over the world, e-health literacy has been identified as a key factor in determining health outcomes. To date, no comprehensive scale exists to assess e-health literacy levels among speakers of Arabic, particularly among people with NCD such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and hypertension. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7108630/ doi: 10.1093/intqhc/mzy033 id: cord-298620-4cbnip2a author: Zeng, Bin title: Expert consensus on protocol of rehabilitation for COVID‐19 patients using framework and approaches of WHO International Family Classifications date: 2020-07-06 words: 3880.0 sentences: 210.0 pages: flesch: 32.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298620-4cbnip2a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298620-4cbnip2a.txt summary: Based on the World Health Organization (WHO) International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and its biopsychosocial model of functioning, we use the WHO Family of International Classifications (WHO‐FICs) framework to form an expert consensus on the COVID‐19 rehabilitation program, focusing on the diagnosis and evaluation of disease and functioning, and service delivery of rehabilitation, and to establish a standard rehabilitation framework, terminology system, and evaluation and intervention systems based the WHO‐FICs. It is the fundamental system of physical medicine and rehabilitation and is recommended in the fields of diagnosis and coding, evaluation, and interventions of functioning to maximize patients'' functioning at three levels: (1) body function and structure; (2) activity and participation; and (3) environmental factors and personal factors. [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] According to the framework and scope of rehabilitation developed by the International Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (ISPRM white paper), ICF and ICHI β-2, we develop a personalized intervention plan based on specific unmet needs of patients with COVID-19. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has widely spread all over the world and the numbers of patients and deaths are increasing. According to the epidemiology, virology, and clinical practice, there are varying degrees of changes in patients, involving the human body structure and function and the activity and participation. Based on the World Health Organization (WHO) International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and its biopsychosocial model of functioning, we use the WHO Family of International Classifications (WHO‐FICs) framework to form an expert consensus on the COVID‐19 rehabilitation program, focusing on the diagnosis and evaluation of disease and functioning, and service delivery of rehabilitation, and to establish a standard rehabilitation framework, terminology system, and evaluation and intervention systems based the WHO‐FICs. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/agm2.12120 doi: 10.1002/agm2.12120 id: cord-121285-4ni1vv4l author: Zhang, Han title: How Does COVID-19 impact Students with Disabilities/Health Concerns? date: 2020-05-11 words: 6109.0 sentences: 300.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-121285-4ni1vv4l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-121285-4ni1vv4l.txt summary: In addition to these changes, students with disabilities/health concerns may face accessibility problems with online learning or communication tools, and their stress may be compounded by additional risks such as financial stress or pre-existing conditions. In this paper, we present data from a survey of 147 students with and without disabilities collected in late March to early April of 2020 to assess the impact of COVID-19 on these students'' education and mental health. We argue that students with disabilities/health concerns in higher education need confidence in the accessibility of the online learning tools that are becoming increasingly prevalent in higher education not only because of COVID-19 but also more generally. At the time our data was collected, just after classes went online and three weeks after it was discovered that community spread of COVID-19 was present in Seattle (Table 1) , we did not find evidence of changes in anxiety, stress, or depression among students with or without disabilities/health concerns. abstract: The impact of COVID-19 on students has been enormous, with an increase in worries about fiscal and physical health, a rapid shift to online learning, and increased isolation. In addition to these changes, students with disabilities/health concerns may face accessibility problems with online learning or communication tools, and their stress may be compounded by additional risks such as financial stress or pre-existing conditions. To our knowledge, no one has looked specifically at the impact of COVID-19 on students with disabilities/health concerns. In this paper, we present data from a survey of 147 students with and without disabilities collected in late March to early April of 2020 to assess the impact of COVID-19 on these students' education and mental health. Our findings show that students with disabilities/health concerns were more concerned about classes going online than their peers without disabilities. In addition, students with disabilities/health concerns also reported that they have experienced more COVID-19 related adversities compared to their peers without disabilities/health concerns. We argue that students with disabilities/health concerns in higher education need confidence in the accessibility of the online learning tools that are becoming increasingly prevalent in higher education not only because of COVID-19 but also more generally. In addition, educational technologies will be more accessible if they consider the learning context, and are designed to provide a supportive, calm, and connecting learning environment. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.05438v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-293427-hwkmvo4p author: Zhang, Li title: The psychological typhoon eye effect during the COVID-19 outbreak in China: the role of coping efficacy and perceived threat date: 2020-10-27 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: The influence of COVID-19 on mental health problems has received considerable attention. However, only a few studies have examined the relationship between exposure to COVID-19 and mental health problems, and no empirical study has tested the mechanisms between them. METHODS: We conducted a survey in 31 provinces of China during 3–13 March 2020 to test the effect of the exposure level on mental health problems. Our sample comprised 2987 participants who reported their perceived threat, coping efficacy, mental health problems and other demographic variables. Multiple mediators path analysis was used in the data analysis. RESULTS: The results showed that the level of exposure to COVID-19 in China was negatively associated with mental health problems, which confirmed the “Psychological Typhoon Eye” effect. Further analyses indicated that both perceived threat and coping efficacy partially mediated the relationship between them. However, coping efficacy explained the “Psychological Typhoon Eye” effect. Perceived threat mediated the positive relationship between exposure level and mental health problems. CONCLUSION: This study detected the psychological typhoon eye effect and demonstrated the mediating role of coping efficacy and perceived threat between exposure to COVID-19 and mental health problems. Our findings suggest that policy makers and psychological workers should provide enough psychological services to low-risk areas as the high-risk areas. An important means of alleviating mental health problems is to improve coping efficacy. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-020-00626-8 doi: 10.1186/s12992-020-00626-8 id: cord-316972-5jtd5ytz author: Zhang, Wen-rui title: Mental Health and Psychosocial Problems of Medical Health Workers during the COVID-19 Epidemic in China date: 2020-04-09 words: 2832.0 sentences: 148.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316972-5jtd5ytz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316972-5jtd5ytz.txt summary: Mental health variables were assessed via the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), the Symptom Check List-revised (SCL-90-R), and the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), which included a 2-item anxiety scale and a 2-item depression scale (PHQ-2). Among medical health workers, having organic disease was an independent factor for insomnia, anxiety, depression, somatization, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (p < 0.05 or 0.01). Among nonmedical health workers, having organic disease was a risk factor for insomnia, depression, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (p < 0.01 or 0.05). Medical health workers during the COVID-19 epidemic had high prevalence rates of severe insomnia, anxiety, depression, somatization, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Our report found potential risk factors for medical health workers to develop insomnia, anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and somatization. Independent factors (i.e., currently having organic disease, living in rural areas, being at risk of contact with COVID-19 patients in hospitals, or being female) were common risk factors for insomnia, anxiety, depression, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms among medical health workers. abstract: OBJECTIVE: We explored whether medical health workers had more psychosocial problems than nonmedical health workers during the COVID-19 outbreak. METHODS: An online survey was run from February 19 to March 6, 2020; a total of 2,182 Chinese subjects participated. Mental health variables were assessed via the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), the Symptom Check List-revised (SCL-90-R), and the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), which included a 2-item anxiety scale and a 2-item depression scale (PHQ-2). RESULTS: Compared with nonmedical health workers (n = 1,255), medical health workers (n = 927) had a higher prevalence of insomnia (38.4 vs. 30.5%, p < 0.01), anxiety (13.0 vs. 8.5%, p < 0.01), depression (12.2 vs. 9.5%; p< 0.04), somatization (1.6 vs. 0.4%; p < 0.01), and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (5.3 vs. 2.2%; p < 0.01). They also had higher total scores of ISI, GAD-2, PHQ-2, and SCL-90-R obsessive-compulsive symptoms (p ≤ 0.01). Among medical health workers, having organic disease was an independent factor for insomnia, anxiety, depression, somatization, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (p < 0.05 or 0.01). Living in rural areas, being female, and being at risk of contact with COVID-19 patients were the most common risk factors for insomnia, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and depression (p < 0.01 or 0.05). Among nonmedical health workers, having organic disease was a risk factor for insomnia, depression, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (p < 0.01 or 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: During the COVID-19 outbreak, medical health workers had psychosocial problems and risk factors for developing them. They were in need of attention and recovery programs. url: https://doi.org/10.1159/000507639 doi: 10.1159/000507639 id: cord-274570-dcewfkmi author: Zhang, Xiao-Bo title: Response to children’s physical and mental needs during the COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-05-25 words: 1252.0 sentences: 53.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-274570-dcewfkmi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274570-dcewfkmi.txt summary: As concerns rose over the potential impacts of such NPI measures on children''s health, such as longer exposure to digital screens, irregular sleep pattern, weight gain, and loss of cardiorespiratory fitness [1] , the Chinese Government, experts on public health, educators on school health, and teachers have been making joint and massive efforts to provide distance learning with well-organized online courses to help. How can we cooperate with experts on public health and with educators on school health to perform health communication and to minimize the impact of the pandemic on children''s physical and mental health? In the context of such a crisis, as the National Children''s Medical Center, we launched a special project, the Child Health Initiative for Children and Adolescents (CHI) (https ://erke-he.51tin gyi.com/home/index ), to provide multidisciplinary support and services on physical and mental health, to perform health communication, and to relieve anxiety and stress. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-020-00365-1 doi: 10.1007/s12519-020-00365-1 id: cord-269245-bp4q4plt author: Zhang, Yuan title: Status and influential factors of anxiety depression and insomnia symptoms in the work resumption period of COVID-19 epidemic: A multicenter cross-sectional study date: 2020-09-18 words: 2843.0 sentences: 167.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269245-bp4q4plt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269245-bp4q4plt.txt summary: title: Status and influential factors of anxiety depression and insomnia symptoms in the work resumption period of COVID-19 epidemic: A multicenter cross-sectional study Objective: In this study, the authors analyzed the status of anxiety depression and insomnia symptoms and influential factors in the work resumption period of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were used to assess the anxiety, depression, and insomnia symptoms. An online survey [17] and another study on Chinese web users [18] suggested that one-third of people had anxiety symptoms during the outbreak of COVID-19 and the negative emotion increased. suggested participants aged 35-49 years had more severe anxiety, depression, and insomnia symptoms during the outbreak of COVID-19 [20] . The outbreak of COVID-19 limited face-to-face counseling and individualized psychological interventions, which was a serious challenge to the mental health service. abstract: Objective: In this study, the authors analyzed the status of anxiety depression and insomnia symptoms and influential factors in the work resumption period of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: A multicenter cross-sectional survey was conducted from March 2, 2020 to March 8, 2020 in Shandong Province, China, using quota sampling combined with snowball sampling. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were used to assess the anxiety, depression, and insomnia symptoms. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influential factors. Results: A total of 4000 invitations were sent from three centers, 3237 valid questionnaires were received. Based on GAD-7, PHQ-9, and ISI scales, 19.5%–21.7% of the participants had anxiety, depression, or insomnia symptoms; 2.9%–5.6% had severe symptoms. Besides, 2.4%, 4.8%, and 4.5% of the participants had anxiety-depression, anxiety-insomnia, or depression-insomnia combined symptoms. The scores of anxiety and insomnia symptoms, along with scores of depression and insomnia symptoms were positively correlated in these samples. Aged 50–64 years and outside activities once in ≥30 days were risk factors of anxiety, depression, and insomnia symptoms in common. During the epidemic, 17.4% of the participants had received psychological interventions, and only 5.2% had received individual interventions. Conclusions: The incidence of psychological distress increased during the outbreak of COVID-19 in the work resumption period than the normal period. Current psychological interventions were insufficient; target psychological interventions should be conducted in time. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0022399920308151 doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110253 id: cord-263659-9i5qws5h author: Zhao, Y. title: Basic public health services delivered in an urban community: a qualitative study date: 2010-12-08 words: 5661.0 sentences: 291.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263659-9i5qws5h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263659-9i5qws5h.txt summary: CONCLUSIONS: In order to improve the delivery of basic public health services, it is necessary for Beijing Municipal Government to supply clear and detailed protocols, increase funding and increase the number of skilled practitioners in the community health services. 3 As the centre of politics, economy and culture of China, Beijing Municipal Government attaches extreme importance to and promotes advances in the development of basic public health services delivered in the community. For example, an additional duty hour allowance scheme should be brought forward, under which health workers would be allowed to work extra hours and receive pay to augment their salaries: 17 "Besides payment, of course, some changes in the process and organization of the providers'' work are also part of the solution to the problem of the under-provision of basic public health services.A useful solution to attract more community residents to see general practitioners would be to increase the proportion of medical reimbursement for CHS services." abstract: OBJECTIVES: To understand the advancements in and barriers to the implementation of measures to improve basic public health services in an urban Chinese community. STUDY DESIGN: A qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews. Interviews were audio-taped, transcribed and analysed using thematic content analysis. METHODS: In-depth interviews were undertaken with the directors of the management centres for community health services in 15 of the 18 districts in Beijing from December 2008 to February 2009. Content analysis of the data was completed in May 2009. RESULTS: Fifteen types of free basic public health services had been delivered in Beijing. Some were supplied at a low level. An average of £2.38 per person per year was provided for inhabitants since 2008, but demand for funding far exceeded monies available. Teams consisting of general practitioners, community nurses and public health specialists delivered these services. The number of practitioners and their low levels of skill were insufficient to provide adequate services for community residents. Respondents gave recommendations of how to resolve the above problems. CONCLUSIONS: In order to improve the delivery of basic public health services, it is necessary for Beijing Municipal Government to supply clear and detailed protocols, increase funding and increase the number of skilled practitioners in the community health services. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0033350610003185 doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2010.09.003 id: cord-010326-9xf2luzi author: Zheng, Ya-Li title: Unobtrusive Sensing and Wearable Devices for Health Informatics date: 2014-03-05 words: 11540.0 sentences: 579.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-010326-9xf2luzi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-010326-9xf2luzi.txt summary: This paper aims to provide an overview of four emerging unobtrusive and wearable technologies, which are essential to the realization of pervasive health information acquisition, including: 1) unobtrusive sensing methods, 2) smart textile technology, 3) flexible-stretchable-printable electronics, and 4) sensor fusion, and then to identify some future directions of research. A variety of unobtrusive wearable devices have been developed by different research teams as shown in Fig. 4 : the watchtype BP device [3] , clip-free eyeglasses-based device for heart rate and PTT measurement [37] , shoe-mounted system for the assessment of foot and ankle dynamics [53] , ECG necklace for long-term cardiac activity monitoring [54] , h-Shirt for heart rate and BP measurement [55] , an ear-worn activity and gait monitoring device [56] , glove-based photonic textiles as wearable pulse oximeter [57] , a strain sensor assembled on stocking for motion monitoring [58] , and a ring-type device for heart rate and temperature measurement [59] . abstract: The aging population, prevalence of chronic diseases, and outbreaks of infectious diseases are some of the major challenges of our present-day society. To address these unmet healthcare needs, especially for the early prediction and treatment of major diseases, health informatics, which deals with the acquisition, transmission, processing, storage, retrieval, and use of health information, has emerged as an active area of interdisciplinary research. In particular, acquisition of health-related information by unobtrusive sensing and wearable technologies is considered as a cornerstone in health informatics. Sensors can be weaved or integrated into clothing, accessories, and the living environment, such that health information can be acquired seamlessly and pervasively in daily living. Sensors can even be designed as stick-on electronic tattoos or directly printed onto human skin to enable long-term health monitoring. This paper aims to provide an overview of four emerging unobtrusive and wearable technologies, which are essential to the realization of pervasive health information acquisition, including: 1) unobtrusive sensing methods, 2) smart textile technology, 3) flexible-stretchable-printable electronics, and 4) sensor fusion, and then to identify some future directions of research. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7176476/ doi: 10.1109/tbme.2014.2309951 id: cord-001400-ie22xisg author: Zhong, Shuang title: Progress and challenges of disaster health management in China: a scoping review date: 2014-09-10 words: 6121.0 sentences: 302.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-001400-ie22xisg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-001400-ie22xisg.txt summary: However, there remain challenges that hinder effective health disaster responses, including low standards of disaster-resistant infrastructure safety, the lack of specific disaster plans, poor emergency coordination between hospitals, lack of portable diagnostic equipment and underdeveloped triage skills, surge capacity, and psychological interventions. Additional challenges include the fragmentation of the emergency health service system, a lack of specific legislation for emergencies, disparities in the distribution of funding, and inadequate cost-effective considerations for disaster rescue. The research inclusion criteria were: 1) journal articles, governmental and institutional reports written in English or Chinese in the past two decades; 2) studies comprising relevant evaluations of the status or description of the progress and challenges of disaster management (i.e. disaster prevention, preparedness, responsiveness, and recovery) of the healthcare system in China; and 3) other jurisdictions that had direct relevance to disaster health management in China (e.g. disaster healthcare management, disaster medical responses, emergency medical care, and emergency healthcare systems). abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the importance of an effective health system response to various disasters, relevant research is still in its infancy, especially in middle- and low-income countries. OBJECTIVE: This paper provides an overview of the status of disaster health management in China, with its aim to promote the effectiveness of the health response for reducing disaster-related mortality and morbidity. DESIGN: A scoping review method was used to address the recent progress of and challenges to disaster health management in China. Major health electronic databases were searched to identify English and Chinese literature that were relevant to the research aims. RESULTS: The review found that since 2003 considerable progress has been achieved in the health disaster response system in China. However, there remain challenges that hinder effective health disaster responses, including low standards of disaster-resistant infrastructure safety, the lack of specific disaster plans, poor emergency coordination between hospitals, lack of portable diagnostic equipment and underdeveloped triage skills, surge capacity, and psychological interventions. Additional challenges include the fragmentation of the emergency health service system, a lack of specific legislation for emergencies, disparities in the distribution of funding, and inadequate cost-effective considerations for disaster rescue. CONCLUSIONS: One solution identified to address these challenges appears to be through corresponding policy strategies at multiple levels (e.g. community, hospital, and healthcare system level). url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4161949/ doi: 10.3402/gha.v7.24986 id: cord-339339-5i6885uv author: Zhou, Jacy title: Systematic review of early abortion services in low- and middle-income country primary care: potential for reverse innovation and application in the UK context date: 2020-09-30 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: In the UK, according to the 1967 Abortion Act, all abortions must be approved by two doctors, reported to the Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC), and be performed by doctors within licensed premises. Removing abortion from the criminal framework could permit new service delivery models. We explore service delivery models in primary care settings that can improve accessibility without negatively impacting the safety and efficiency of abortion services. Novel service delivery models are common in low-and-middle income countries (LMICs) due to resource constraints, and services are sometimes provided by trained, mid-level providers via “task-shifting”. The aim of this study is to explore the quality of early abortion services provided in primary care of LMICs and explore the potential benefits of extending their application to the UK context. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, Maternity and Infant Care, CINAHL, and HMIC for studies published from September 1994 to February 2020, with search terms “nurses”, “midwives”, “general physicians”, “early medical/surgical abortion”. We included studies that examined the quality of abortion care in primary care settings of low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs), and excluded studies in countries where abortion is illegal, and those of services provided by independent NGOs. We conducted a thematic analysis and narrative synthesis to identify indicators of quality care at structural, process and outcome levels of the Donabedian model. RESULTS: A total of 21 indicators under 8 subthemes were identified to examine the quality of service provision: law and policy, infrastructure, technical competency, information provision, client-provider interactions, ancillary services, complete abortions, client satisfaction. Our analysis suggests that structural, process and outcome indicators follow a mediation pathway of the Donabedian model. This review showed that providing early medical abortion in primary care services is safe and feasible and “task-shifting” to mid-level providers can effectively replace doctors in providing abortion. CONCLUSION: The way services are organised in LMICs, using a task-shifted and decentralised model, results in high quality services that should be considered for adoption in the UK. Collaboration with professional medical bodies and governmental departments is necessary to expand services from secondary to primary care. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-020-00613-z doi: 10.1186/s12992-020-00613-z id: cord-289205-or60zzjs author: Zhou, Liang title: A Bibliometric Profile of Disaster Medicine Research from 2008 to 2017: A Scientometric Analysis date: 2018-05-02 words: 4068.0 sentences: 257.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289205-or60zzjs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289205-or60zzjs.txt summary: Terms analysis indicated that emergency medicine, public health, disaster preparedness, natural disasters, medicine, and management were the research hotspots, whereas Hurricane Katrina, mechanical ventilation, occupational medicine, intensive care, and European journals represented the frontiers of disaster medicine research. Overall, our analysis revealed that disaster medicine studies are closely related to other medical fields and provides researchers and policy-makers in this area with new insight into the hotspots and dynamic directions. Therefore, in this study, a scientometric analysis was conducted on disaster medicine to estimate the productivity of specific journals, countries, institutions, authors, and research areas, and to identify research hotspots and trends in this field. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness also had the greatest number of total citations (n = 151), again followed by Academic Emergency Medicine (n = 134) and American Journal of Preventive Medicine (n = 127) ( Table 1 in the online data supplement). abstract: This study analyzed and assessed publication trends in articles on “disaster medicine,” using scientometric analysis. Data were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) of Thomson Reuters on March 27, 2017. A total of 564 publications on disaster medicine were identified. There was a mild increase in the number of articles on disaster medicine from 2008 (n=55) to 2016 (n=83). Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness published the most articles, the majority of articles were published in the United States, and the leading institute was Tohoku University. F. Della Corte, M. D. Christian, and P. L. Ingrassia were the top authors on the topic, and the field of public health generated the most publications. Terms analysis indicated that emergency medicine, public health, disaster preparedness, natural disasters, medicine, and management were the research hotspots, whereas Hurricane Katrina, mechanical ventilation, occupational medicine, intensive care, and European journals represented the frontiers of disaster medicine research. Overall, our analysis revealed that disaster medicine studies are closely related to other medical fields and provides researchers and policy-makers in this area with new insight into the hotspots and dynamic directions. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:165–172) url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29717685/ doi: 10.1017/dmp.2018.11 id: cord-193856-6vs16mq3 author: Zhou, Tongxin title: Spoiled for Choice? Personalized Recommendation for Healthcare Decisions: A Multi-Armed Bandit Approach date: 2020-09-13 words: 12295.0 sentences: 647.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-193856-6vs16mq3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-193856-6vs16mq3.txt summary: The first component is a deep-learning-based feature engineering procedure, which is designed to learn crucial recommendation contexts in regard to users'' sequential health histories, health-management experiences, preferences, and intrinsic attributes of healthcare interventions. Our evaluation results suggest that each of our proposed model components is effective and that our recommendation framework significantly outperforms a wide range of benchmark models, including UCB, e -greedy, and state-of-the-art conventional recommendation systems, such as context-aware collaborative filtering (CACF), probabilistic matrix factorization (PMF), and content-based filtering (CB). These research gaps motivate us to propose an online-learning scheme, i.e., multi-armed bandit (MAB), to address the dynamics and diversity in individuals'' health behaviors to improve healthcare recommendations. To better adapt an MAB to the healthcare recommendation setting, we then further enhance our framework by synthesizing two model components, that is, deep-learning-based feature engineering and a diversity constraint. To improve the characterization of individuals'' health-management contexts and enhance recommendation personalization, we design a deep-learning model to construct user embeddings. abstract: Online healthcare communities provide users with various healthcare interventions to promote healthy behavior and improve adherence. When faced with too many intervention choices, however, individuals may find it difficult to decide which option to take, especially when they lack the experience or knowledge to evaluate different options. The choice overload issue may negatively affect users' engagement in health management. In this study, we take a design-science perspective to propose a recommendation framework that helps users to select healthcare interventions. Taking into account that users' health behaviors can be highly dynamic and diverse, we propose a multi-armed bandit (MAB)-driven recommendation framework, which enables us to adaptively learn users' preference variations while promoting recommendation diversity in the meantime. To better adapt an MAB to the healthcare context, we synthesize two innovative model components based on prominent health theories. The first component is a deep-learning-based feature engineering procedure, which is designed to learn crucial recommendation contexts in regard to users' sequential health histories, health-management experiences, preferences, and intrinsic attributes of healthcare interventions. The second component is a diversity constraint, which structurally diversifies recommendations in different dimensions to provide users with well-rounded support. We apply our approach to an online weight management context and evaluate it rigorously through a series of experiments. Our results demonstrate that each of the design components is effective and that our recommendation design outperforms a wide range of state-of-the-art recommendation systems. Our study contributes to the research on the application of business intelligence and has implications for multiple stakeholders, including online healthcare platforms, policymakers, and users. url: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.06108v1.pdf doi: nan id: cord-315827-biur1xn4 author: Zickfeld, Janis H. title: Correlates of Health-Protective Behavior During the Initial Days of the COVID-19 Outbreak in Norway date: 2020-10-06 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The coronavirus outbreak manifested in Norway in March 2020. It was met with a combination of mandatory changes (closing of public institutions) and recommended changes (hygiene behavior, physical distancing). It has been emphasized that health-protective behavior such as increased hygiene or physical distancing are able to slow the spread of infections and flatten the curve. Drawing on previous health-psychological studies during the outbreak of various pandemics, we investigated psychological and demographic factors predicting the adoption and engagement in health-protective behavior and changes in such behavior, attitudes, and emotions over time. We recruited a non-representative sample of Norwegians (n = 8676) during a 15-day period (March 12–26 2020) at the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak in Norway. Employing both traditional methods and exploratory machine learning, we replicated earlier findings that engagement in health-protective behavior is associated with specific demographic characteristics. Further, we observed that increased media exposure, perceiving measures as effective, and perceiving the outbreak as serious was positively related to engagement in health-protective behavior. We also found indications that hygiene and physical distancing behaviors were related to somewhat different psychological and demographic factors. Over the sampling period, reported engagement in physical distancing increased, while experienced concern or fear declined. Contrary to previous studies, we found no or only small positive predictions by confidence in authorities, knowledge about the outbreak, and perceived individual risk, while all of those variables were rather high. These findings provide guidance for health communications or interventions targeting the adoption of health-protective behaviors in order to diminish the spread of COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33123045/ doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.564083 id: cord-345370-44z28cm8 author: Zou, Kelly H. title: Harnessing real-world evidence to reduce the burden of noncommunicable disease: health information technology and innovation to generate insights date: 2020-11-06 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading causes of mortality and morbidity across the world and factors influencing global poverty and slowing economic development. We summarize how the potential power of real-world data (RWD) and real-world evidence (RWE) can be harnessed to help address the disease burden of NCDs at global, national, regional and local levels. RWE is essential to understand the epidemiology of NCDs, quantify NCD burdens, assist with the early detection of vulnerable populations at high risk of NCDs by identifying the most influential risk factors, and evaluate the effectiveness and cost-benefits of treatments, programs, and public policies for NCDs. To realize the potential power of RWD and RWE, challenges related to data integration, access, interoperability, standardization of analytical methods, quality control, security, privacy protection, and ethical standards for data use must be addressed. Finally, partnerships between academic centers, governments, pharmaceutical companies, and other stakeholders aimed at improving the utilization of RWE can have a substantial beneficial impact in preventing and managing NCDs. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33173407/ doi: 10.1007/s10742-020-00223-7 id: cord-273036-nrc35akc author: Zou, Xiaojing title: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II Score as a Predictor of Hospital Mortality in Patients of Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-05-11 words: 3677.0 sentences: 213.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273036-nrc35akc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273036-nrc35akc.txt summary: We aimed to assess the association between Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score and hospital mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019, and to compare the predictive ability of Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, with Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score and Confusion, Urea, Respiratory rate, Blood pressure, Age 65 (CURB65) score. Conclusions: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score was an effective clinical tool to predict hospital mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 compared with Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score and CURB65 score. Conclusions: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score was an effective clinical tool to predict hospital mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 compared with Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score and CURB65 score. Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score are commonly used to assess disease severity and estimate hospital mortality in general critical illnesses (7, 8) . abstract: OBJECTIVES: Coronavirus disease 2019 has emerged as a major global health threat with a great number of deaths in China. We aimed to assess the association between Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score and hospital mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019, and to compare the predictive ability of Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, with Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score and Confusion, Urea, Respiratory rate, Blood pressure, Age 65 (CURB65) score. DESIGN: Retrospective observational cohort. SETTING: Tongji Hospital in Wuhan, China. SUBJECTS: Confirmed patients with coronavirus disease 2019 hospitalized in the ICU of Tongji hospital from January 10, 2020, to February 10, 2020. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Of 178 potentially eligible patients with symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019, 23 patients (12.92%) were diagnosed as suspected cases, and one patient (0.56%) suffered from cardiac arrest immediately after admission. Ultimately, 154 patients were enrolled in the analysis and 52 patients (33.77%) died. Mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score (23.23 ± 6.05) was much higher in deaths compared with the mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score of 10.87 ± 4.40 in survivors (p < 0.001). Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score was independently associated with hospital mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.01–1.13). In predicting hospital mortality, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score demonstrated better discriminative ability (area under the curve, 0.966; 95% CI, 0.942–0.990) than Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (area under the curve, 0.867; 95% CI, 0.808–0.926) and CURB65 score (area under the curve, 0.844; 95% CI, 0.784–0.905). Based on the cut-off value of 17, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score could predict the death of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 with a sensitivity of 96.15% and a specificity of 86.27%. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the survivor probability of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 with Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score less than 17 was notably higher than that of patients with Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score greater than or equal to 17 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score was an effective clinical tool to predict hospital mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 compared with Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score and CURB65 score. Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score greater than or equal to 17 serves as an early warning indicator of death and may provide guidance to make further clinical decisions. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32371611/ doi: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000004411 id: cord-319704-xzhoa03d author: Zuercher, S. J. title: Prevalence of Mental Health Problems During Virus Epidemics in the General Public, Health Care Workers and Survivors: A Rapid Review of the Evidence date: 2020-05-22 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: Background: The swift spread of SARS-CoV-2 provides a challenge worldwide. As a consequence of restrictive public health measures like isolation, quarantine, and community containment, the provision of mental health services is a major challenge. Evidence from past virus epidemics and the current SARS-CoV-2 outbreak indicate high prevalence rates of mental health problems (MHP) as short- and long-term consequences. However, a broader picture of MHP among different populations is still lacking. Methods: We conducted a rapid review on MHP prevalence rates published since 2000, during and after epidemics, including the general public, health care workers, and survivors. Any quantitative articles reporting on MHP rates were included. Out of 2855 articles screened, a total of 74 were included in this review. Results: Most original studies on MHP were conducted in China in the context of SARS-CoV-1, and reported on anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress symptoms/disorder, general psychiatric morbidity, and psychological symptoms. The MHP rates across studies, populations, and epidemics vary substantially. While some studies show high and persistent rates of MHP in populations directly affected by isolation, quarantine, threat of infection, infection, or life-threatening symptoms (e.g. health care workers), other studies report minor effects. Furthermore, even less affected populations (e.g. distant to epidemic epicenter, no contact history with suspected or confirmed cases) can show high rates of MHP. Discussion: MHP vary largely across countries and risk-groups in reviewed studies. The results call attention to potentially high MHP during epidemics. Individuals affected directly by an epidemic might be at a higher risk of short or even long-term mental health impairments. This study delivers insights stemming from a wide range of psychiatric instruments and questionnaires. The results call for the use of validated and standardized instruments, reference norms, and pre-post measurements to better understand the magnitude of the MHP during and after the epidemics. Nevertheless, emerging MHP should be considered during epidemics including the provision of access to mental health care to mitigate potential mental impairments. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.19.20103788 doi: 10.1101/2020.05.19.20103788 id: cord-260518-mswb3q67 author: Zumla, Alimuddin title: Taking forward a ‘One Health’ approach for turning the tide against the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus and other zoonotic pathogens with epidemic potential date: 2016-06-15 words: 4039.0 sentences: 188.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-260518-mswb3q67.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260518-mswb3q67.txt summary: Since the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is host to millions of pilgrims each year travelling from all continents, 29 tackling the threat of MERS and other infectious diseases with epidemic potential will require enhanced closer cooperation between those who provide human health, animal health, and environmental health services, locally, nationally, regionally, and internationally: the Middle Eastern, European, African, Asian, and American governments, veterinary groups, the WHO, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the African Union, the United Nations International Children''s Emergency Fund (UNICEF), The World Bank, Office International des Epizooties (OIE), CDC, Public Health England, the newly formed Africa CDC, and funding agencies among others. The persistence of MERS-CoV 4 years since its first discovery has created major opportunities for each of the Middle Eastern and African countries to take leadership of the ''One Health'' approach with a view to bringing this under regional and global umbrellas, to tackle new emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases with epidemic potential. abstract: The appearance of novel pathogens of humans with epidemic potential and high mortality rates have threatened global health security for centuries. Over the past few decades new zoonotic infectious diseases of humans caused by pathogens arising from animal reservoirs have included West Nile virus, Yellow fever virus, Ebola virus, Nipah virus, Lassa Fever virus, Hanta virus, Dengue fever virus, Rift Valley fever virus, Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus, and Zika virus. The recent Ebola Virus Disease epidemic in West Africa and the ongoing Zika Virus outbreak in South America highlight the urgent need for local, regional and international public health systems to be be more coordinated and better prepared. The One Health concept focuses on the relationship and interconnectedness between Humans, Animals and the Environment, and recognizes that the health and wellbeing of humans is intimately connected to the health of animals and their environment (and vice versa). Critical to the establishment of a One Health platform is the creation of a multidisciplinary team with a range of expertise including public health officers, physicians, veterinarians, animal husbandry specialists, agriculturalists, ecologists, vector biologists, viral phylogeneticists, and researchers to co-operate, collaborate to learn more about zoonotic spread between animals, humans and the environment and to monitor, respond to and prevent major outbreaks. We discuss the unique opportunities for Middle Eastern and African stakeholders to take leadership in building equitable and effective partnerships with all stakeholders involved in human and health systems to take forward a ‘One Health’ approach to control such zoonotic pathogens with epidemic potential. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971216310967 doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.06.012 id: cord-318363-1mv5j4w2 author: Zvolensky, Michael J. title: Psychological, addictive, and health behavior implications of the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-27 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: • The public health impact of COVID-19 on psychological symptoms and disorders, addiction, and health behavior is substantial and ongoing. • An integrative COVID-19 stress-based model could be used to guide research focused on the stress-related burden of the pandemic. • This work could provide a theoretical and empirical knowledge base for future pandemics. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2020.103715 doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2020.103715 id: cord-300303-d4qmtysd author: de Azambuja, Evandro title: ESMO Management and treatment adapted recommendations in the COVID-19 era: Breast Cancer date: 2020-05-20 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The global preparedness and response to the rapid escalation to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2-related disease (COVID-19) to a pandemic proportion has demanded the formulation of a reliable, useful and evidence-based mechanism for health services prioritisation, to achieve the highest quality standards of care to all patients. The prioritisation of high value cancer interventions must be embedded in the agenda for the pandemic response, ensuring that no inconsistency or discrepancy emerge in the health planning processes. The aim of this work is to organise health interventions for breast cancer management and research in a tiered framework (high, medium, low value), formulating a scheme of prioritisation per clinical cogency and intrinsic value or magnitude of benefit. The public health tools and schemes for priority setting in oncology have been used as models, aspiring to capture clinical urgency, value in healthcare, community goals and fairness, while respecting the principles of benevolence, non-maleficence, autonomy and justice. We discuss the priority health interventions across the cancer continuum, giving a perspective on the role and meaning to maintain some services (undeferrable) while temporarily abrogate some others (deferrable). Considerations for implementation and the essential link to pre-existing health services, especially primary healthcare, are addressed, outlining a framework for the development of effective and functional services, such as telemedicine. The discussion covers the theme of health systems strategising, and why oncology care, in particular breast cancer care, should be maintained in parallel to pandemic control measures, providing a pragmatic clinical model within the broader context of public healthcare schemes. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/esmoopen-2020-000793 doi: 10.1136/esmoopen-2020-000793 id: cord-017315-3mxkfvvu author: de Leeuw, Evelyne title: From Urban Projects to Healthy City Policies date: 2016-09-08 words: 12314.0 sentences: 534.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-017315-3mxkfvvu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-017315-3mxkfvvu.txt summary: This chapter argues that to put health high on local social and political agendas necessarily means to transcend project-based work, and move into lasting programme and policy development. • To reorient health services towards a broader, participatory, and health-promoting position in society at any level • To create supportive social, economic, natural, and built environments to create and sustain health promotion and to address the determinants of health equitably • To invest in personal skills and community action to drive and complement these actions • To build healthy public policy, recognizing that health is created across many sectors in society that all have the potential to enhance institutional, community, and personal health Building on a strong foundation in the various political statements on Healthy Cities over the years and most recently in the Athens Declaration (Tsouros 2015) , local governments work with diverse stakeholders from the public and civil society sectors to develop such policies. abstract: A definition of projectitis (also known as ‘projectism’) is proposed to describe a key barrier to full deployment of a Healthy City vision and values. This chapter argues that to put health high on local social and political agendas necessarily means to transcend project-based work, and move into lasting programme and policy development. The conditions for such approaches are favourable in Healthy Cities, as a number of glocal (global and local) developments invest and sustain longer term perspectives. These conditions include emphases on policy diffusion, social justice, a better understanding of complex systems, and global commitments to the development and implementation of Health in All Policies. These efforts, in turn, are grounded in renewed and tangible support from Universal Health Coverage and Primary Health Care, asset-based community health development, and better insights into what drives (health) equity and economic development. In describing these elements of policy development for value-based Healthy Cities the chapter also gives a firm argument for a broad range of stakeholders to engage successfully in longer term policy change. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7121840/ doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6694-3_17 id: cord-011496-r8e19t0c author: de Rooij, Doret title: Development of a competency profile for professionals involved in infectious disease preparedness and response in the air transport public health sector date: 2020-05-21 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent infectious disease outbreaks highlight the importance of competent professionals with expertise on public health preparedness and response at airports. The availability of a competency profile for this workforce supports efficient education and training. Although competency profiles for infectious disease control professionals are available, none addresses the complex airport environment. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to develop a competency profile for professionals involved in infectious disease preparedness and response at airports in order to stimulate and direct further education and training. METHODS: We developed the competency profile through the following steps: 1) extraction of competencies from relevant literature, 2) assessment of the profile in a national RAND modified Delphi study with an interdisciplinary expert group (n = 9) and 3) assessment of the profile in an international RAND modified Delphi study with an airport infectious disease management panel of ten European countries (n = 10). RESULTS: We systematically studied two competency profiles on infectious disease control and three air transport guidelines on event management, and extracted 61 relevant competencies for airports. The two RAND modified Delphi procedures further refined the profile, mainly by specifying a competency’s target group, the organizational level it should be present on, and the exact actions that should be mastered. The final profile, consisting of 59 competencies, covers the whole process from infectious disease preparedness, through the response phase and the recovery at airports. CONCLUSION: We designed a profile to support training and exercising the multidisciplinary group of professionals in infectious disease management in the airport setting, and which is ready for use in practice. The many adaptations and adjustments that were needed to develop this profile out of existing profiles and air transport guidelines suggest that other setting-specific profiles in infectious disease control are desirable. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7241746/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233360 id: cord-281961-5mdiwzvc author: de las Heras-Pedrosa, Carlos title: Sentiment Analysis and Emotion Understanding during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain and Its Impact on Digital Ecosystems date: 2020-07-31 words: 7479.0 sentences: 374.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281961-5mdiwzvc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281961-5mdiwzvc.txt summary: This study examines how social media has affected risk communication in uncertain contexts and its impact on the emotions and sentiments derived from the semantic analysis in Spanish society during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study has allowed for the Some reasons include political parties'' criticism of the government''s management, contradictions of the experts, the constant increase of infected and dead, Spain being among the most affected countries, the state of confinement suffered by society not always in the best conditions, the anxiety of not having financial resources, the population''s insecurity in the face of a public health crisis with global effects that are caused by millions of infected people and hundreds of thousands of deaths in the world. abstract: COVID-19 has changed our lives forever. The world we knew until now has been transformed and nowadays we live in a completely new scenario in a perpetual restructuring transition, in which the way we live, relate, and communicate with others has been altered permanently. Within this context, risk communication is playing a decisive role when informing, transmitting, and channeling the flow of information in society. COVID-19 has posed a real pandemic risk management challenge in terms of impact, preparedness, response, and mitigation by governments, health organizations, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), mass media, and stakeholders. In this study, we monitored the digital ecosystems during March and April 2020, and we obtained a sample of 106,261 communications through the analysis of APIs and Web Scraping techniques. This study examines how social media has affected risk communication in uncertain contexts and its impact on the emotions and sentiments derived from the semantic analysis in Spanish society during the COVID-19 pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155542 doi: 10.3390/ijerph17155542 id: cord-001521-l36f1gp7 author: nan title: Oral and Poster Manuscripts date: 2011-04-08 words: 183363.0 sentences: 11362.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-001521-l36f1gp7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-001521-l36f1gp7.txt summary: The IC 50 values determined in functional NI assays provide valuable information for detection of resistant viruses, but should not be used to draw direct correlations with drug concentrations needed to inhibit virus replication in the infected human host, as clinical data to support such inferences are inadequate. • Standardized reagents and protocols • Choice of detection technology • Simple instrumentation requirements • High sensitivity for use with low virus concentrations • Compatibility with batch-mode processing and largescale assay throughput • Broad specificity of influenza detection • Flexibility in assay format • Additional NA assay applications -cell-based viral assays, screening for new NIs, detection of NA from other organisms Functional neuraminidase inhibition assays enable detection of any resistance mutation and are extremely important in conjunction with sequence-based screening assays for global monitoring of virus isolates for NI resistance mutations, including known and new mutations. Such new assays need to include methods to measure local antibodies and virus-specific lymphocytes, especially in the case of live attenuated influenza vaccines, because of their potential to induce such broad-based immune responses. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4313891/ doi: 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2011.00209.x id: cord-002774-tpqsjjet author: nan title: Section II: Poster Sessions date: 2017-12-01 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5711696/ doi: 10.1093/jurban/jti137 id: cord-004407-f3lr0lwj author: nan title: Plans and prospects for the 2020s: Beyond peak health? date: 2020-02-25 words: 538.0 sentences: 33.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-004407-f3lr0lwj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-004407-f3lr0lwj.txt summary: The PLOS Medicine editors discuss prospects for health and development in the coming decade. Although it seems that a global peak has not yet, and may never be, reached, one can imagine that the consequences of progressive oil scarcity could be dramatic, leading to challenging readjustments of societies and economies to develop alternative sources of energy and reduce reliance on environmentally damaging fuels. Despite the positive vision embodied by the SDGs, could "peak health" have already been reached? Although the analogy with peak oil may be debatable, there are signs that life expectancy in the United States and United Kingdom has reached a plateau, and may be declining [8] . We must hope that progress in population health does not slip into reverse gear in the coming decades, driven by factors that could include the transition to non-communicable diseases, vaccine hesitancy, environmental stressors, and anticipated but unpredictable hazards such as antimicrobial resistance. abstract: The PLOS Medicine editors discuss prospects for health and development in the coming decade. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7041788/ doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003075 id: cord-004894-75w35fkd author: nan title: Abstract date: 2006-06-14 words: 92116.0 sentences: 6264.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-004894-75w35fkd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-004894-75w35fkd.txt summary: The unadjusted median (25-75% percentile) sperm concentration in the non-exposed group (n = 90) is 49 (23-86) mill/ml compared to 33 (12-63) mill/ml among men exposed to >19 cigarettes per day in fetal life (n = 26 Aim: To estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity, and their effects in physical activity (PA) levels of Portuguese children and adolescents aged 10-18 years. Objectives: a) To estimate the sex-and age-adjusted annual rate of tuberculosis infection (ARTI) (per 100 person-years [%py]) among the HCWs, as indicated by tuberculin skin test conversion (TST) conversion, b) to identify occupational factors associated with significant variations in the ARTI, c) to investigate the efficacy of the regional preventive guidelines. Objectives: We assessed the total burden of adverse events (AE), and determined treatment-related risk factors for the development of various AEs. Methods: The study cohort included 1362 5-year survivors, treated in the Emma Childrens Hospital AMC in the Netherlands between 1966-1996. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7087564/ doi: 10.1007/s10654-006-9021-1 id: cord-009583-ldkjqco6 author: nan title: NEWS date: 2014-10-28 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7159738/ doi: 10.1111/avj.137 id: cord-010092-uftc8inx author: nan title: Abstract of 29th Regional Congress of the ISBT date: 2019-06-07 words: 233304.0 sentences: 13171.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-010092-uftc8inx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-010092-uftc8inx.txt summary: Prospective testing of blood donations in endemic areas of the U.S. revealed 0.38% of donors were positive for Babesia DNA or antibodies (Moritz, NEJM, 2016) Aims: -To report results of ongoing Babesia clinical trial -To explain significance of Babesia as a TT infection Methods: In cobas â Babesia for use on the cobas â 6800/8800 Systems, is a qualitative polymerase chain reaction nucleic acid amplification test, developed to detect in whole blood (WB) donor samples the 4 Babesia species that cause human disease: B. In sensitivity analyses, there were two discrepant results for HIV testing, three for HCV, and five for anti-HBc. Summary/Conclusions: Elecsys â infectious disease parameters on the cobas e 801 analyser demonstrate high specificity/sensitivity for screening first-time blood donor samples, with similar clinical performance to other commercially available assays. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7169345/ doi: 10.1111/vox.12792 id: cord-011062-ukz4hnmy author: nan title: Poster date: 2020-03-11 words: 88313.0 sentences: 5669.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-011062-ukz4hnmy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-011062-ukz4hnmy.txt summary: Ming-Yueh Chou 1,3 , Ying-Hsin Hsu 1 , Yu-Chun Wang 1 , Chih-Kuang Liang 1,3 , Li-Ning Peng 2,4 , Liang-Kung Chen 2,4 , Yu-Te Lin 1 ((1) Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; (2) Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; (3) Department of Geriatric Medicine, National Yang Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; (4) Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan) Background: Older people with frailty are at risk of adverse outcomes, such as falls, functional decline and mortality, and multi-domain intervention program may prevent those. Conclusion: Our study showed that a multicomponent exercise program is effective for posthospitalization patients because after 24-week intervention there were significant reductions in frailty and improving results in muscle strength and physical performance. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of 757 communitydwelling older adults who completed multi-domain geriatric screen assessing for social vulnerability, mood, cognition, functional performance, nutrition, physical frailty (FRAIL) and sarcopenia (SARC-F). abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7223455/ doi: 10.14283/jfa.2020.9 id: cord-017675-in9r33ww author: nan title: The Way Forward: Prevention, Treatment and Human Rights date: 2008 words: 18417.0 sentences: 816.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-017675-in9r33ww.txt txt: ./txt/cord-017675-in9r33ww.txt summary: The United Nations International Guidelines on HIV/AIDS and Human Rights recommend that criminal law not be an impediment to measures taken by States to reduce the risk of HIV transmission among injecting drug users and to provide them with HIV-related care and treatment. Visitors entering the United States on the Visa Waiver Program (which waives the requirement to apply for a visa prior to traveling to the United 9 The Way Forward Prevention, Treatment and Human Rights government policy has been that people living with HIV/AIDS do not represent a and therefore denied a visa or entry at the border, if: (1) they are likely to be a 338 would add to existing waiting lists for those services and would increase the rate US Immigration and Nationality Act, applicants for a visa or for admission to the health significance", which includes HIV infection, although waivers are available ces by Canadian citizens or permanent residents. abstract: There now is a considerable body of evidence to support the view that an effective HIV/AIDS strategy integrates prevention, treatment and human rights. In this chapter, we emphasize the importance of each of these aspects and draw upon the conclusions reached in previous chapters to map out the future of HIV/AIDS. While medicine and science have a crucial role to play in addressing pandemics, whether slow-moving (like HIV/AIDS) or fast-moving (like influenza), the social, legal, political, financial and economic ramifications of pandemics can not be ignored. Well-considered social, legal, political and financial strategies are essential in order to address any pandemic effectively. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7122313/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-78392-3_9 id: cord-024058-afgvztwo author: nan title: Engineering a Global Response to Infectious Diseases: This paper presents a more robust, adaptable, and scalable engineering infrastructure to improve the capability to respond to infectious diseases.Contributed Paper date: 2015-02-17 words: 5592.0 sentences: 294.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-024058-afgvztwo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-024058-afgvztwo.txt summary: Examples of innovative leveraging of infrastructure, technologies to enhance existing disease management strategies, engineering approaches to accelerate the rate of discovery and application of scientific, clinical, and public health information, and ethical issues that need to be addressed for implementation are presented. Because engineers contribute to the design and implementation of infrastructure, there are opportunities for innovative solutions to infectious disease response within existing systems that have utility, and therefore resources, before a public health emergency. Moving forward, addressing privacy issues will be critical so that geographic tracking of a phone''s location could be used to help inform an individual of potential contact with infected persons or animals and support automated, anonymous, electronic integration of those data to accelerate the epidemiological detective work of identifying and surveying those same individuals for public health benefit. abstract: Infectious diseases are a major cause of death and economic impact worldwide. A more robust, adaptable, and scalable infrastructure would improve the capability to respond to epidemics. Because engineers contribute to the design and implementation of infrastructure, there are opportunities for innovative solutions to infectious disease response within existing systems that have utility, and therefore resources, before a public health emergency. Examples of innovative leveraging of infrastructure, technologies to enhance existing disease management strategies, engineering approaches to accelerate the rate of discovery and application of scientific, clinical, and public health information, and ethical issues that need to be addressed for implementation are presented. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7186037/ doi: 10.1109/jproc.2015.2389146 id: cord-027641-0ufwlw87 author: nan title: COVID-19 and social distancing date: 2020-06-03 words: 1415.0 sentences: 87.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-027641-0ufwlw87.txt txt: ./txt/cord-027641-0ufwlw87.txt summary: In North America, the "apex" of the epidemic curve is still nowhere in sight but people draw solace from the fact that drastic public health measures in China and South Korea appear to have abated the escalation of number of cases and eventually signifi cantly reduced the incidence of new ones. Spurred by these experiences, Canada, like other countries, adopted social distancing as its most visible public health measure. This pandemic demonstrated once more that an essential target of our practices is to rebuild our patients'' positive social connectedness with peer groups, families, worksites, and communities in general. 2 www.canadianjournalofaddiction.org 5 EDITORIAL (2) Isolation and testing-Every pandemic has its own characteristics and predictions can be diffi cult at the onset. In a few short weeks, we experienced a number of changes in the criteria for entering or leaving isolation, but the relative absence of screening tests and results awaiting 5 to 10 days led to a loss of valuable healthcare resources. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7309640/ doi: 10.1097/cxa.0000000000000081 id: cord-031907-ilhr3iu5 author: nan title: ISEV2020 Abstract Book date: 2020-07-15 words: 200999.0 sentences: 11528.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-031907-ilhr3iu5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-031907-ilhr3iu5.txt summary: L.M., and the National Institutes of Health (R35GM119623) to T.R.G. The addition of a size exclusion chromatography step to various urinary extracellular vesicle concentrating methods reveals differences in the small RNA profile Introduction: Urinary extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their RNA cargo are a novel source of biomarkers for various diseases, however non-vesicular RNA (e.g. associated with proteins) is also present within urine. We then evaluated efficiency of heart targeting for eAAV9 or eAAV6 and standard AAV9 or AAV6 encoding for EGFP, mCherry or firefly luciferase in different human cell lines in vitro, in black mouse and in passive immunity nude mouse model in vivo using flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, Langendorff perfusion system and Methods: HLHS patients (n = 3) after Glenn procedure and swine (n = 3) after PAB were given RV injections of allogeneic/xenogeneic MSCs. Donor-specific, HLA-I+, exosomes were isolated from plasma. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7480431/ doi: 10.1080/20013078.2020.1784511 id: cord-035030-ig4nwtmi author: nan title: 10th European Conference on Rare Diseases & Orphan Products (ECRD 2020) date: 2020-11-09 words: 12244.0 sentences: 688.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-035030-ig4nwtmi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-035030-ig4nwtmi.txt summary: Conclusion: With this survey Endo-ERN is provided with a large sample of responses from European patients with a rare endocrine condition, and those patients experience unmet needs in research, though these needs differ between the disease groups. Various factors compound the development of treatments for paediatric rare diseases, including the need for new Clinical Outcome Assessments (COAs), as conventional endpoints such as the 6 Minute Walking Test (6MWT) have been shown to not be applicable in all paediatric age subsets, [3] and therefore may not be useful in elucidating patient capabilities. S18 Background: To help inform cross-national development of genomic care pathways, we worked with families of patients with rare diseases and health professionals from two European genetic services abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7649705/ doi: 10.1186/s13023-020-01550-1 id: cord-104377-ut9uxu3d author: nan title: Errata date: 2005-04-17 words: 3530.0 sentences: 168.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-104377-ut9uxu3d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-104377-ut9uxu3d.txt summary: As a toxicologist of nearly 30 years, a private consultant, and associate editor of the International Journal of Toxicology, I am concerned that although Silbergeld''s assertions on the risk of arsenic residues in poultry are presented under the cloak of good science, they appear to be her personal opinions and not a scientific conclusion based on sound methodology and evidence. This risk estimate does not include the potential for additional exposures to arsenic from confined animal feeding operation (CAFO) wastes via land disposal, which may reach human populations though soil contact, groundwater contamination, and plant uptake, as noted in my letter . Baltimore, Maryland E-mail: esilberg@jhsph.edu "Sex and Ceruloplasmin Modulate the Response to Copper ..." It is past time for EHP to stop accepting papers whose funding disclosure makes it obvious there is a conflict, yet "The authors declare they have no competing financial interests." stated that "This investigation was funded by the International Copper Association [ICA] in the form of an unrestricted research grant." I fail to see that an unrestricted grant eliminates a conflict of interest. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1278499/ doi: nan id: cord-289399-ij23mvma author: nan title: Facing the future—what lessons could we learn from Covid-19? date: 2020-05-13 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdaa061 doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa061 id: cord-339147-9v3anfbo author: nan title: Correction to: Oral cancer patients date: 2020-08-28 words: 687.0 sentences: 42.0 pages: flesch: 66.0 cache: ./cache/cord-339147-9v3anfbo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-339147-9v3anfbo.txt summary: as the dental care of hospital in-patients has long been a concern of mine. A large part of my work included pre-operative assessment and treatment of cardiothoracic patients and dealing with dental emergencies when they arose not just at Guy''s but also at the associated hospitals and care homes in the Guy''s group. Informal seminars were also given to nurses about the importance of the oral health of patients in their care. 2 In this time of enormous pressure on the NHS utilising the expertise of the dental team would help relieve the stresses on the hard-pressed medical and nursing staff engaged currently in their battle against COVID-19 and in the long term improve patient care without adding to the burden on the already over-stretched doctors and nurses. Dental care pathways for adult inpatients in an acute hospital: a five-year service evaluation abstract: Author's correction note: Letter to the editor Br Dent J 2020; 228: 736.The second author was inadvertently omitted from this letter. The authors were both N. Al-Helou and L. Gartshore. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32855465/ doi: 10.1038/s41415-020-2087-4 id: cord-344877-b62w4z78 author: von Tigerstrom, Barbara J title: The International Health Regulations (2005) and the re-establishment of international travel amidst the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-04 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: As countries modify or lift travel restrictions implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, some variation in approaches is to be expected, but harmonization is important to re-establishing international travel. Despite challenges, the International Health Regulations (2005) and WHO recommendations can provide a balance of consistency and flexibility. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32749458/ doi: 10.1093/jtm/taaa127 id: cord-340616-5vtgd46s author: ÇETİN, Ceren title: Global surveillance, travel, and trade during a pandemic date: 2020-04-21 words: 3973.0 sentences: 193.0 pages: flesch: 42.0 cache: ./cache/cord-340616-5vtgd46s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340616-5vtgd46s.txt summary: National pandemic influenza risk evaluation aims at determining the probability and outcomes of events affecting public health at a global, national, and local level. For an adequate risk assessment and a follow of a probable case, the patients should be provided with disease-preventing messages, health statements should be collected upon entry, and contact information of the passengers should be obtained, which would be much more efficient [18] . The management of ill passengers in the context of present COVID-19 disease pandemic in international airports, harbors, and motorway/road gates should include measures to be implemented according to the priorities and capacities of each country. Crew and ground personnel should be informed on and frequently reminded of measures preventing the spread of COVID-19 including social distancing, hand hygiene, respiratory etiquette, environmental cleaning, waste disposal, when and how to wear masks, and avoiding contact with people showing respiratory symptoms. abstract: Pandemics have had very important consequences in human history. Lots of people lost their lives and countries have been intensively affected in terms of socioeconomic problems. Unfortunately, avoidance of pandemics and limiting the spread are still currently not always possible. Maybe the most important factor for this is the increasing frequency of traveling. Increasing airline traveling rate also increases the rate of spread. Global organizations like the World Health Organization and United Nations are trying to play a supreme role over the countries. Pandemics do not have borders; therefore, efforts should be given globally, definition of pandemic should be established as soon as possible, and protective measures should be shared with countries. If these are not done, severe health consequences and serious economic problems are inevitable. url: https://doi.org/10.3906/sag-2004-175 doi: 10.3906/sag-2004-175 id: cord-315247-86ibo5gn author: Ćosić, Krešimir title: Artificial intelligence in prediction of mental health disorders induced by the COVID-19 pandemic among health care workers date: 2020-06-17 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its immediate aftermath present a serious threat to the mental health of health care workers (HCWs), who may develop elevated rates of anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, or even suicidal behaviors. Therefore, the aim of this article is to address the problem of prevention of HCWs’ mental health disorders by early prediction of individuals at a higher risk of later chronic mental health disorders due to high distress during the COVID-19 pandemic. The article proposes a methodology for prediction of mental health disorders induced by the pandemic, which includes: Phase 1) objective assessment of the intensity of HCWs’ stressor exposure, based on information retrieved from hospital archives and clinical records; Phase 2) subjective self-report assessment of stress during the COVID-19 pandemic experienced by HCWs and their relevant psychological traits; Phase 3) design and development of appropriate multimodal stimulation paradigms to optimally elicit specific neuro-physiological reactions; Phase 4) objective measurement and computation of relevant neuro-physiological predictor features based on HCWs’ reactions; and Phase 5) statistical and machine learning analysis of highly heterogeneous data sets obtained in previous phases. The proposed methodology aims to expand traditionally used subjective self-report predictors of mental health disorders with more objective metrics, which is aligned with the recent literature related to predictive modeling based on artificial intelligence. This approach is generally applicable to all those exposed to high levels of stress during the COVID-19 pandemic and might assist mental health practitioners to make diagnoses more quickly and accurately. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32643346/ doi: 10.3325/cmj.2020.61.279 ==== make-pages.sh questions [ERIC WAS HERE] ==== make-pages.sh search /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/make-pages.sh: line 77: /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/tmp/search.htm: No such file or directory Traceback (most recent call last): File "/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/tsv2htm-search.py", line 51, in with open( TEMPLATE, 'r' ) as handle : htm = handle.read() FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/tmp/search.htm' ==== make-pages.sh topic modeling corpus Zipping study carrel