Summary of your 'study carrel' ============================== This is a summary of your Distant Reader 'study carrel'. The Distant Reader harvested & cached your content into a collection/corpus. It then applied sets of natural language processing and text mining against the collection. The results of this process was reduced to a database file -- a 'study carrel'. The study carrel can then be queried, thus bringing light specific characteristics for your collection. These characteristics can help you summarize the collection as well as enumerate things you might want to investigate more closely. This report is a terse narrative report, and when processing is complete you will be linked to a more complete narrative report. Eric Lease Morgan Number of items in the collection; 'How big is my corpus?' ---------------------------------------------------------- 37 Average length of all items measured in words; "More or less, how big is each item?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11212 Average readability score of all items (0 = difficult; 100 = easy) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 49 Top 50 statistically significant keywords; "What is my collection about?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 31 HEV 8 virus 7 RNA 4 hev 4 ORF2 3 patient 3 hepatitis 2 infection 2 cell 2 ORF1 2 HLA 2 HCV 2 HBV 2 HAV 2 Fig 1 wupyv 1 test 1 study 1 sequence 1 sample 1 result 1 respiratory 1 rabbit 1 protein 1 protease 1 platelet 1 pig 1 perv 1 particle 1 outbreak 1 method 1 macrodomain 1 latex 1 human 1 group 1 foodborne 1 food 1 flu 1 figure 1 donor 1 donation 1 dna 1 capsid 1 bedouin 1 antibody 1 anti 1 allergy 1 aim 1 a549 1 WNV Top 50 lemmatized nouns; "What is discussed?" --------------------------------------------- 3024 % 2953 blood 2431 virus 1982 donor 1734 cell 1671 patient 1382 study 1357 transfusion 1141 infection 1123 hepatitis 1100 result 1014 sample 887 antibody 880 platelet 842 group 822 method 767 protein 723 risk 722 case 708 e 696 donation 620 hev 606 datum 569 analysis 561 level 560 sequence 555 system 547 time 524 year 519 antigen 518 p 514 disease 494 day 479 unit 470 number 468 pig 466 product 455 test 431 treatment 424 population 424 g 419 plasma 417 reaction 416 background 407 genotype 406 rate 371 activity 367 type 351 region 349 gene Top 50 proper nouns; "What are the names of persons or places?" -------------------------------------------------------------- 1582 HEV 1038 al 844 et 800 . 518 RNA 470 Summary 452 Conclusions 393 E 277 RBC 267 C 265 HIV 262 PCR 259 ABO 254 AE 253 Hb 230 Hepatitis 218 Blood 208 ORF2 195 HCV 181 RHD 176 - 163 HBV 151 A 149 Transfusion 149 ORF1 137 D 129 HLA 126 RBV 125 T 117 Fig 110 ADP 108 de 105 m102.4 103 Rh 100 B 99 China 91 S 90 WB 90 France 90 Europe 89 UK 87 PRRSV 86 L 84 ORF3 84 IFN 82 HRV 81 IgM 81 HAV 78 Health 77 anti Top 50 personal pronouns nouns; "To whom are things referred?" ------------------------------------------------------------- 784 we 775 it 246 they 115 i 110 them 57 he 50 she 35 us 11 one 9 itself 8 themselves 7 you 4 himself 3 her 1 − 1 ppk‐zellen 1 ourselves 1 nur77 1 his 1 herself Top 50 lemmatized verbs; "What do things do?" --------------------------------------------- 15146 be 2150 have 1527 use 785 show 594 include 529 aim 526 report 516 find 487 increase 476 identify 468 perform 461 detect 441 associate 422 do 413 base 367 compare 353 determine 350 test 319 follow 315 observe 301 develop 293 provide 292 collect 279 suggest 276 require 269 cause 258 obtain 257 reduce 253 indicate 251 infect 251 contain 251 bind 235 confirm 231 relate 228 describe 219 consider 212 treat 211 demonstrate 206 evaluate 195 analyze 193 assess 190 result 188 make 187 remain 187 receive 181 improve 176 know 172 lead 170 need 167 carry Top 50 lemmatized adjectives and adverbs; "How are things described?" --------------------------------------------------------------------- 1518 - 1073 not 974 high 734 also 687 anti 627 viral 619 positive 578 human 568 other 482 low 466 more 465 clinical 452 however 440 only 432 well 424 different 403 most 398 non 373 red 364 first 342 specific 341 negative 333 significant 330 such 326 further 275 respectively 262 as 260 new 257 acute 248 whole 236 significantly 223 molecular 217 available 215 several 214 same 207 similar 205 chronic 195 large 194 important 193 present 189 common 188 potential 187 respiratory 184 adverse 174 total 171 single 169 therefore 168 recent 168 previously 167 severe Top 50 lemmatized superlative adjectives; "How are things described to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 117 most 83 high 55 good 48 Most 45 least 23 large 22 low 10 close 8 late 8 great 6 strong 5 small 5 common 4 safe 3 long 3 fresh 3 big 3 bad 2 wide 2 weak 2 simple 2 short 2 early 1 ≤180 1 ~15 1 young 1 swD 1 preharv 1 old 1 W504 1 D+C+c+E 1 -CGATTTTGCGCTT Top 50 lemmatized superlative adverbs; "How do things do to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 286 most 42 least 5 well 1 s2&3 1 lowest 1 highest 1 cm² Top 50 Internet domains; "What Webbed places are alluded to in this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 ec.europa.eu 2 clinicaltrials.gov 1 zha 1 wwwnc.cdc.gov 1 www.syfpeithi.de 1 www.rivm.nl 1 www.rcsb.org 1 www.qiagen.com 1 www.megasoftware.net 1 www.megasoft 1 www.mdpi.com 1 www.govinfo.gov 1 www.frontiersin.org 1 www.finngen.fi 1 www.expertmed.it 1 www.dchip.org 1 www.compbio.dundee.ac.uk 1 www.bioinformatics 1 vakser.compbio.ku.edu 1 va 1 tools.immuneepitope.org 1 sparks-lab.org 1 servicesn.mbi.ucla.edu 1 robetta.bakerlab.org 1 raptorx.uchicago.edu 1 protein.ict.ac.cn 1 prosa.services.came.sb 1 predictprotein.org 1 jid.oxfordjournals.org 1 eufrattool.ecdc.europa.eu 1 dx.doi.org 1 doi.org Top 50 URLs; "What is hyperlinked from this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------- 2 http://ec.europa.eu/food/food/rapidalert/rasff_portal_database_en.htm 1 http://zha 1 http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/EID/article/22/7/16-0168-Techapp1.pdf 1 http://www.syfpeithi.de/ 1 http://www.rivm.nl/mpf/typingtool/ 1 http://www.rcsb.org/structure/3nvq 1 http://www.qiagen.com 1 http://www.megasoftware.net 1 http://www.megasoft 1 http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/10/3/102/ 1 http://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2020-03-25/pdf/ 1 http://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb 1 http://www.finngen.fi/ 1 http://www.expertmed.it 1 http://www.dchip.org 1 http://www.compbio.dundee.ac.uk/jpred4/ 1 http://www.bioinformatics 1 http://vakser.compbio.ku.edu/resources/gramm/grammx/ 1 http://va 1 http://tools.immuneepitope.org/analyze/html/mhc_II_binding.html 1 http://sparks-lab.org/server/SPIDER2/ 1 http://servicesn.mbi.ucla.edu/Verify3D/ 1 http://robetta.bakerlab.org/submit 1 http://raptorx.uchicago.edu 1 http://protein.ict.ac.cn/TreeThreader/ 1 http://prosa.services.came.sb 1 http://predictprotein.org 1 http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/ 1 http://eufrattool.ecdc.europa.eu/ 1 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2012.06.029 1 http://doi.org/10 1 http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03827395 1 http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02189603 Top 50 email addresses; "Who are you gonna call?" ------------------------------------------------- 1 easloffice@easloffice.eu Top 50 positive assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-noun?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 transfusion associated cost 5 donors did not 5 samples did not 5 virus is essential 5 virus is necessary 4 hev is endemic 4 hev is generally 4 hev is not 4 hev was initially 4 infections are asymptomatic 4 transfusion associated costs 4 transfusion is still 3 % did not 3 blood was pcr 3 cells was not 3 donations were also 3 donors were iron 3 donors were more 3 hev is able 3 hev is primarily 3 hev is still 3 hev is unknown 3 level was significantly 3 platelets did not 3 proteins were significantly 3 samples were further 3 samples were not 3 samples were positive 3 virus is not 3 virus was first 3 viruses are continuously 3 viruses were human 2 % were boys 2 % were female 2 % were male 2 antibodies are not 2 antibodies are present 2 antibodies does not 2 antibodies were also 2 blood is available 2 cases were positive 2 cells using cellfectin 2 cells were also 2 cells were most 2 cells were not 2 data was available 2 data were not 2 donation were also 2 donations are scarce 2 donor base sustainability Top 50 negative assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-no|not-noun?" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 cells was not significantly 1 al showed no significant 1 analysis showed no correlation 1 antibodies are not commercially 1 antibodies are not generally 1 antibody was not reactive 1 cases require no specific 1 cells showed no protein 1 cells were no longer 1 data were not fully 1 data were not simultaneously 1 donation was not popular 1 donor has not yet 1 donors are not constant 1 donors are not correctly 1 group are not available 1 hev do not currently 1 hev have no further 1 hev is not clearly 1 hev is not endemic 1 hev is not only 1 hev showed no association 1 infection is not available 1 patient had no history 1 patient had no risk 1 patient was no longer 1 patient were not available 1 patients are not able 1 platelets were not more 1 result was not unexpected 1 results showed no difference 1 sample had no detectable 1 sample was not successful 1 samples was not significantly 1 samples were not available 1 samples were not gp.mur 1 sequences showed no particular 1 studies have not only 1 studies is not homogeneous 1 study was not able 1 transfusions are not always 1 transfusions did not significantly 1 transfusions were not significantly 1 virus is not critical 1 virus showed no linear 1 viruses have no obvious 1 viruses is not common 1 viruses is not completely A rudimentary bibliography -------------------------- id = cord-253501-hkxlq3os author = Anang, Saumya title = Recent Advances Towards the Development of a Potent Antiviral Against the Hepatitis E Virus date = 2018-06-28 keywords = HEV; IFN; RNA summary = [29] [30] [31] [32] Ribavirin inhibits host inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase, thereby depleting cellular GTP pools and blocking viral replication during HEV infection. Sofosbuvir, a prodrug of a uridine nucleoside analogue that acts as a direct-acting antiviral against hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase in its active form, was reported by Dao Thi et al. 63, 64 Zinc salts were shown to block the replication of both genotype 1 and genotype 3 HEV by inhibiting the activity of viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase in cultured human hepatoma cells. Zinc directly inhibits HEV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity in vitro and displays moderate cooperativity with ribavirin in inhibiting viral replication in mammalian cell culture models of HEV infection. Ribavirin therapy inhibits viral replication on patients with chronic hepatitis e virus infection Zinc salts block hepatitis E virus replication by inhibiting the activity of viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase doi = 10.14218/jcth.2018.00005 id = cord-010521-cpwl2ych author = Andries, K. title = Propagation of Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis Virus in Porcine Cell Cultures date = 2010-05-13 keywords = HEV; Hads; PPK summary = SUMMARY: This study reports some cultural characteristics of the VW 572 strain of hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (HEV) in primary pig kidney (PPK) cells, primary pig testicle (PPT) cells, secondary pig thyroid (SPTh) cells and the cell lines PK‐15 (pig kidney), SK−6 (swine kidney) and ST (swine testicle). A growth curve of HEV was prepared with the cell culture virus stock inoculated on SPTh, PPK, PK-15, SK-6, PPT and PT cells. A growth curve, based on cytopathic effect (CPE), immunofluorescence (IF), hemadsorption (Hads) and hemagglutination (HA), showed that SPTh and PPK cells were most susceptible for cultivation and quantitation of the virus. A growth curve, based on cytopathic effect (CPE), immunofluorescence (IF), hemadsorption (Hads) and hemagglutination (HA), showed that SPTh and PPK cells were most susceptible for cultivation and quantitation of the virus. doi = 10.1111/j.1439-0450.1980.tb01693.x id = cord-339382-ii4xurmr author = Bachofen, Claudia title = Selected Viruses Detected on and in our Food date = 2018-03-21 keywords = HEV; foodborne; human; virus summary = Two groups of viruses were selected: (a) the most important viruses contaminating food, based on numbers of publications in the last 5 years and (b) viruses infecting sources of food that might have an impact on human health. RECENT FINDINGS: Important foodborne viruses such as norovirus, hepatitis A and rotavirus are usually "only" contaminating food and are detected on the surface of foodstuffs. Furthermore, some plant viruses are known to infect and persist in insect-vectors and one of them, Tomato spotted wilt virus, a member of the genus Tospovirus of the Bunyaviridae family, was even shown to replicate in human cell lines [71] . HEV-3 and 4 strains infect humans, but the reservoir is thought to be in several animal species, whereof the pig plays the most important role for foodborne transmission. While foodborne HEV and TBEV clearly represent a threat for human public health, the role of several other viruses of animal origin detected in food still needs to be assessed. doi = 10.1007/s40588-018-0087-9 id = cord-277159-klhmed21 author = Bassal, R. title = Seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus in dromedary camels, Bedouins, Muslim Arabs and Jews in Israel, 2009–2017 date = 2019-02-22 keywords = HEV; bedouin summary = Human HEV infection, investigated using seroprevalence studies, was found to be more prevalent in older ages [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] , lower socio-economic status [21] , poorer residence areas [9, [14] [15] , among sheltered homeless adults [22] or uneducated people [14] , specific nationalities (for example, higher in mixed race donors and ethnic groups within China [12, 15] , or in immigrants from Afghanistan [14] ), drinking water from wells or rivers [15] , consumption of meat products [7, 15, 17, 23] especially pork [24, 25] and following blood transfusions [1] . This study aimed to assess HEV seroprevalence in camels (dromedary), in Bedouins living in the southern part of Israel in the vicinity of camels, in non-Bedouins Arabs (Muslims living in northern and central Israel) and in Israeli-born Jews and to assess the factors associated with anti-HEV seropositivity. doi = 10.1017/s0950268819000062 id = cord-003787-hfnht8wa author = Berto, A. title = Hepatitis E in southern Vietnam: Seroepidemiology in humans and molecular epidemiology in pigs date = 2018-02-01 keywords = HEV; Thap; Vietnam summary = We found a high prevalence of HEV GT3 viral RNA in pigs (19.1% in faecal samples and 8.2% in rectal swabs) and a high HEV seroprevalence in pig farmers (16.0%) and a hospital-attending population (31.7%) in southern Vietnam. Hypothesising that HEV GT3 and GT4 are common zoonotic pathogens in Vietnam, we aimed to estimate (i) the HEV seroprevalence in a hospital-attending population, as a proxy for the general population, (ii) the HEV seroprevalence in individuals working in close contact with pigs (farmers, family members of farmers, animal workers, veterinarians and abattoir workers) and (iii) the prevalence of HEV infection in pigs. Although the seroprevalence in both populations increased with age, the prevalence of anti-HEV IgG was higher in children in the hospital population than in children enrolled in the farm cohort study (Figure 3 ). This study aimed to measure the prevalence of faecal HEV shedding on pig farms and the seroprevalence of HEV in the human population in southern Vietnam (Dong Thap province). doi = 10.1111/zph.12364 id = cord-261925-nsq837z1 author = Denner, Joachim title = Preventing transfer of infectious agents date = 2015-08-24 keywords = HEV; perv; pig summary = Xenotransplantation using pig cells, tissues and organs may be associated with the transfer of porcine infectious agents, which may infect the human recipient and in the worst case induce a disease (zoonosis). To prevent this, a broad screening program of the donor animals for putative zoonotic microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi and others, using sensitive and specific detection methods has to be performed. In the case of porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) which are integrated in the genome of all pigs and which cannot be eliminated this way, selection of animals with low virus expression and generation of genetically modified pigs suppressing PERV expressions may be performed. At the moment hepatitis E virus (HEV), porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV), porcine circoviruses (PCV), porcine lymphotropic herpes viruses (PLHV), and porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) are thought to pose the main risk for reasons to be discussed below and therefore these microorganisms will be analysed in the next chapters in more details. doi = 10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.08.032 id = cord-329137-5pw07qje author = Dryden, Kelly A. title = Immature and Mature Human Astrovirus: Structure, Conformational Changes, and Similarities to Hepatitis E Virus date = 2012-10-05 keywords = Fig; HEV; capsid; particle summary = In addition, immature HAstV bears a striking resemblance to the structure of hepatitis E virus (HEV)-like particles, as previously predicted from structural similarity of the crystal structure of the astrovirus spike domain with the HEV P-domain [Dong, J., Dong, L., Méndez, E. Similarities between their capsid shells and dimeric spikes and between the sequences of their capsid proteins suggest that these viral families are phylogenetically related and may share common assembly and activation mechanisms. Immature, uncleaved particles, which are strikingly similar in appearance to HEV-like particles (HEV-lp), 14 Trypsin cleavage of the coat protein between the conserved (white boxes) and variable (shaded boxes) domains is required for viral maturation. If the cleaved proteins remain noncovalently associated with the capsid shell, then one would still expect to see surface density in the images of individual particles, even if the polypeptides do not conform to icosahedral symmetry. doi = 10.1016/j.jmb.2012.06.029 id = cord-295455-km0qcmlh author = Fehr, Anthony R. title = Viral Macrodomains: Unique Mediators of Viral Replication and Pathogenesis date = 2018-07-31 keywords = ADP; HEV; SARS; macrodomain summary = The recent discovery that mammalian macrodomain proteins enzymatically remove ADP-ribose, a common post-translation modification, from proteins has led to an outburst of studies describing both the enzymatic activity and function of viral macrodomains. These new studies have defined these domains as de-ADP-ribosylating enzymes, which indicates that these viruses have evolved to counteract antiviral ADP-ribosylation, likely mediated by poly-ADP-ribose polymerases (PARPs). Originally described as ADP-ribose-1 00 -phosphatases, both cellular and viral macrodomains enzymatically remove mono-and poly-ADP-ribose from proteins, supporting the notion that protein ADP-ribosylation is a component of the antiviral response. It was unclear how these mutations affected this protein, as neither mutant affected PAR binding and it was unknown whether alphaviruses'' macrodomains had de-ADP-ribosylating activity. Differential activities of cellular and viral macro domain proteins in binding of ADP-ribose metabolites The conserved macrodomains of the nonstructural proteins of Chikungunya virus and other pathogenic positive strand RNA viruses function as mono-ADP-ribosylhydrolases doi = 10.1016/j.tim.2017.11.011 id = cord-002589-xq3iq8ai author = Frossard, Jean-Pierre title = UK Pigs at the Time of Slaughter: Investigation into the Correlation of Infection with PRRSV and HEV date = 2017-06-09 keywords = HEV; PRRSV summary = To follow up these studies, we report here on (1) the investigation of PRRSV active infection (RNA in tonsil) using the same 2013 abattoir survey sample-set and (2) an analysis of the correlation of PRRSV and HEV infection in these pigs, which could be of significance for the control of both diseases and in informing farming practices for reducing HEV in the food chain. The phylogenetic trees (Figure 1 ) illustrate the genetic diversity of the ORF5 genes from the 23 samples in this study in comparison to the vaccine virus licensed in the UK at the time and 48 published reference sequences representing the different genotypes and subtypes ( Figure 1A ) and in more detail, in the context of 431 previously sequenced viruses specifically from UK pigs between 1991 and 2014 (unpublished data) ( Figure 1B ). doi = 10.3390/v9060110 id = cord-316592-a1uhy2ex author = Huang, Fen title = RNA interference inhibits hepatitis E virus mRNA accumulation and protein synthesis in vitro date = 2010-05-19 keywords = HEV; ORF2; a549 summary = To exploit the possibility of using RNA interference (RNAi) as a strategy against HEV infection, four small interference RNA (siRNA) duplex targeting ORF2 gene were constructed. Real-Time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Real-Time qPCR) and Western blot assay demonstrated that four HEV specific siRNAs (si-ORF2-1, si-ORF2-2, si-ORF2-3 and si-ORF2-4) were capable of protecting cells against HEV infection with very high specificity and efficiency. Real-Time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Real-Time qPCR) and Western blot assay demonstrated that four HEV specific siRNAs (si-ORF2-1, si-ORF2-2, si-ORF2-3 and si-ORF2-4) were capable of protecting cells against HEV infection with very high specificity and efficiency. The efficiency of suppression of the HEV ORF2 gene by various HEV specific siRNAs was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy, Real-Time qPCR and Western blot. RNA interference effectively inhibits mRNA accumulation and protein expression of hepatitis C virus core and E2 genes in human cells doi = 10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.10.023 id = cord-347244-abxv2mkz author = Izopet, Jacques title = Hepatitis E Virus Strains in Rabbits and Evidence of a Closely Related Strain in Humans, France date = 2012-08-17 keywords = France; HEV; rabbit summary = To determine HEV prevalence in rabbits and the strains'' genetic characteristics, we tested bile, liver, and additional samples from farmed and wild rabbits in France. Phylogenetic analysis based on a 1,400-nt fragment within ORF1, indicated that the ORF1 sequences from HEV strains from rabbits in France (n = 4) or China (n = 3) and the ORF1 sequence from the human strain TLS-18516human formed a distinct genetic group among sequences of HEV genotypes 1-4 (data not shown). We obtained the full-length genomic sequences of HEV strains from 2 wild rabbits in France and the TLS-18516-human strain. The phylogenetic tree, constructed by the neighbor-joining method using the full-length genomic sequences (including the sequences of genotypes 3f, 3e, and 3c, which were circulating in France), revealed that the HEV genomes from the rabbit strains and the TLS-18516-human strain belonged to the same clade. doi = 10.3201/eid1808.120057 id = cord-285935-5rsk6g7l author = Kinast, Volker title = Hepatitis E Virus Drug Development date = 2019-05-28 keywords = HEV; Hepatitis; RNA; virus summary = Cyclic peptides (CP) that had been developed to abrogate interaction of p6Gag and TSG101 and inhibited viral release of HIV Virus like particles (VLPs) [76] were tested for their activity against HEV [77] . The compounds RBV and mycophenolic acid (MPA), both of which target enzymes involved in nucleotide synthesis, are either already used as treatment against HEV or have been reported for their potential to inhibit the virus. So far, the antiviral activity against HEV of only four drugs (Sofosbuvir, pegIFN-α, Ribavirin and silvestrol) was approved in experimental settings beyond in vitro cell culture systems. Sofosbuvir Inhibits Hepatitis E Virus Replication In Vitro and Results in an Additive Effect When Combined With Ribavirin Sofosbuvir shows antiviral activity in a patient with chronic hepatitis E virus infection Zinc Salts Block Hepatitis E Virus Replication by Inhibiting the Activity of Viral RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase The natural compound silvestrol inhibits hepatitis E virus (HEV) replication in vitro and in vivo doi = 10.3390/v11060485 id = cord-321132-xdpb3ukt author = Lhomme, Sebastien title = Influence of Polyproline Region and Macro Domain Genetic Heterogeneity on HEV Persistence in Immunocompromised Patients date = 2014-01-15 keywords = HEV; infection summary = We investigated the association between the genetic heterogeneity of HEV quasispecies in ORF1 and the outcome of infection in solid-organ transplant patients. Both sequence entropy and genetic distances during the hepatitis E acute phase were higher in patients whose infection became chronic than in those who cleared the virus. Both sequence entropy and genetic distances during the hepatitis E acute phase were higher in patients whose infection became chronic than in those who cleared the virus. We therefore analysed the characteristics of HEV quasispecies at the acute phase of hepatitis E in 2 groups of SOT patients, one whose infection became chronic and the other who cleared the virus. Both the complexity and diversity of the PPR and the macro domain were higher in viral population of the patients whose infection became chronic than in those who cleared the virus. doi = 10.1093/infdis/jit438 id = cord-332046-ihc031ly author = Li, Yan‐Chao title = Neurotropic virus tracing suggests a membranous‐coating‐mediated mechanism for transsynaptic communication date = 2013-01-01 keywords = Fig; HEV; cell; virus summary = This study has systematically examined the assembly and dissemination of HEV 67N in the primary motor cortex of infected rats and provides additional evidence indicating that mem-branous-coating-mediated endo-/exocytosis can be used by HEV for its transsynaptic transfer. Consistent with the results in the previous experiments, the present study showed that at day 4 p.i. HEV-positive cells were observed in only a certain population of neurons with different sizes in layer V of the primary motor cortex (Fig. 1A,B) . Extracellular virions were not enclosed by any vesicular structures, whereas vesicle-enclosed virus particles were otherwise observed in the axonal terminals touching on the infected neurons, so it seemed that the virions within the synapses had acquired new vesicular membrane after entry. D shows a virion within a coated vesicle (arrow; see also the inset for details) in the axon terminal adjacent to an infected pyramidal cell. doi = 10.1002/cne.23171 id = cord-327609-no58ucyq author = Murkey, Jamie A. title = Hepatitis E Virus–Associated Meningoencephalitis in a Lung Transplant Recipient Diagnosed by Clinical Metagenomic Sequencing date = 2017-06-13 keywords = HEV; hepatitis; patient summary = We describe a case of genotype 3a HEV meningoencephalitis diagnosed by metagenomic next-generation sequencing, illustrating the power of an unbiased molecular approach to microbial testing and the first reported case of HEV infection presumably acquired through lung transplantation. We demonstrate the power of clinical mNGS in elucidating the cause of uncommon and unexpected infections and identify a case of chronic HEV infection most likely transmitted through the transplanted lungs the patient had received 6 years prior. The case patient is a 58-year-old woman with a history of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis status post bilateral lung transplant in 2011, migraines, hypercoagulability, and multiple sclerosis (MS) on chronic immunosuppression who was admitted to University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center in October 2016 with 8 days of fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, neck stiffness, and photophobia. Treatment of HEV infection in patients with a solid-organ transplant and chronic hepatitis doi = 10.1093/ofid/ofx121 id = cord-298233-qqhgmqrg author = Nan, Yuchen title = Molecular Biology and Infection of Hepatitis E Virus date = 2016-09-07 keywords = HEV; ORF1; ORF2; RNA; VP13; hepatitis summary = doi = 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01419 id = cord-000016-g9f6bdlp author = Neske, Florian title = WU Polyomavirus Infection in Children, Germany date = 2008-04-17 keywords = HEV; wupyv summary = During the study period, 1,326 NPA of hospitalized children with febrile respiratory tract diseases were received for viral diagnostic evaluation. In 34 (54.8%) of the WUPyV-positive samples, co-infections with other respiratory viruses were detected, most frequently with adenovirus (n = 10) and fl uA (n = 10), followed by hBoV (n = 9) and RSV (n = 5). In July 2002, Ministry of Health (MoH) and Médecins sans Frontières (MSF) teams working in the Begoua Commune Health Center, north of CAR''s capital Bangui, reported an increased number of patients from the Yembi I neighborhood who were showing signs of jaundice and extreme fatigue. Confi rmed cases were those in which patients'' serum samples were positive for HEV immunoglobulin (Ig) M or IgG. Of 715 suspected HEV case-patients recorded in the MSF hospital between July 22 and October 25, 2002, 552 (77%) lived in the Begoua commune (271 in the Yembi I neighborhood). doi = 10.3201/eid0104.071325 id = cord-287538-qbf5lv7d author = Nucera, Eleonora title = Latex Allergy: Current Status and Future Perspectives date = 2020-09-28 keywords = Hev; NRLA; allergy; latex; patient summary = The following eligibility criteria were used for article inclusion: population: patients with latex allergy and/or at risk for anaphylaxis; intervention: any approaches or protocols that incorporated a strategy for latex allergy and anaphylaxis management; comparator: any studies irrespective of whether there was a comparator included in the study design; outcomes: any related to prevalence, diagnostics, and treatments including primary prevention and immunotherapy; and study design: experimental studies and observational studies. 65 On the other hand, only a small case series of nine patients has described the efficacy of accelerator-free medical gloves in the secondary prevention of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) caused by rubber accelerators in HCWs. 66 Gentili et al 67 showed that an effective and exemplary example of secondary prevention of latex allergy is feasible for infants born with spina bifida. doi = 10.2147/jaa.s242058 id = cord-298678-hjxph9jm author = Petrović, T. title = Viral Contamination of Food date = 2016-02-05 keywords = EFSA; HAV; HEV; food; outbreak; virus summary = Results of surveys on the presence of viruses in different kind of foods commodities (fresh produces and shellfish) and in some cases connections to caused outbreaks are presented. Human Norovirus followed by hepatitis A virus are the most common foodborne viruses, which are transmitted by food consumed raw, such as shellfish, fresh vegetables, and berry fruit. These viruses have been identified in a variety of environmental samples, including wastewater, sludge, in marine, surface, and drinking waters, and shellfish, but no foodborne or waterborne outbreaks associated with the enteric HAdV have been reported (Greening, 2006) . The presented data suggest a high prevalence of different human enteric viruses, but mostly NoV, HAV, EV, HAdV, and HRV were found in shellfish samples collected from growing areas, as well as from the market in different countries. doi = 10.1016/b978-0-12-800723-5.00005-x id = cord-335116-c83xyev5 author = Proença-Módena, José Luiz title = Respiratory viruses are continuously detected in children with chronic tonsillitis throughout the year date = 2014-07-21 keywords = HEV; respiratory; virus summary = Methods: The fluctuations of respiratory virus detection were compared to the major climatic variables during a two-year period using adenoids and palatine tonsils from 172 children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy and clinical evidence of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome or recurrent adenotonsillitis, without symptoms of acute respiratory infection (ARI), by TaqMan real-time PCR. Methods: The fluctuations of respiratory virus detection were compared to the major climatic variables during a two-year period using adenoids and palatine tonsils from 172 children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy and clinical evidence of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome or recurrent adenotonsillitis, without symptoms of acute respiratory infection (ARI), by TaqMan real-time PCR. We have previously reported high rates of detection of respiratory virus genomes in tonsils and adenoids from patients with chronic adenotonsillar diseases, suggesting a significant association of viruses, particularly picornaviruses, with severe tonsillar hypertrophy [3] . doi = 10.1016/j.ijporl.2014.07.015 id = cord-002102-0zbp3uqf author = Rasche, Andrea title = Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Dromedaries, North and East Africa, United Arab Emirates, and Pakistan, 1983–2015 date = 2016-07-17 keywords = HEV-7; RNA summary = title: Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Dromedaries, North and East Africa, United Arab Emirates, and Pakistan, 1983–2015 A new hepatitis E virus (HEV-7) was recently found in dromedaries and 1 human from the United Arab Emirates. Recently, HEV sequences were reported from 3 dromedaries sampled in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) in 2013 and were classified as a new orthohepevirus A genotype, HEV-7 (2, 3) . To determine the geographic distribution of HEV-7, we conducted a geographically comprehensive study of HEV-7 prevalence in dromedaries by testing 2,438 specimens sampled in 6 countries during the past 3 decades. Serum and fecal samples were collected from dromedary camels in the UAE, Somalia, Sudan, Egypt, Kenya, and Pakistan during 1983-2015 (5-7). Detections of HEV-7 RNA in feces in this and a previous study (2) point at feces or feces-contaminated camel products, such as milk, as putative additional sources of human infection. doi = 10.3201/eid2207.160168 id = cord-297514-98q6kpmx author = Salines, Morgane title = Combining network analysis with epidemiological data to inform risk-based surveillance: Application to hepatitis E virus (HEV) in pigs date = 2018-01-01 keywords = HEV summary = This study aimed to pair network analysis and epidemiological data in order to evaluate the impact of animal movements on pathogen prevalence in farms and assess the risk of local areas being exposed to diseases due to incoming movements. The aim of our study was therefore to combine network analysis with disease epidemiology and propose methods to quantify the epidemiological role of animal movements on two different scales: firstly by measuring the impact of animal movements on pathogen prevalence at the farm level; and secondly by assessing the risk of French départements 1 being exposed to diseases due to incoming movements from infected areas. doi = 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2017.11.015 id = cord-318222-o9kc3x6z author = Saraswat, Shweta title = Hepatitis E Virus Cysteine Protease Has Papain Like Properties Validated by in silico Modeling and Cell-Free Inhibition Assays date = 2020-01-23 keywords = ORF1; figure; hev; protease summary = title: Hepatitis E Virus Cysteine Protease Has Papain Like Properties Validated by in silico Modeling and Cell-Free Inhibition Assays The enzyme activity and the inhibition studies were conducted using Zymography, FTC-casein based protease assay and ORF1 polyprotein digestion. Hence, we propose that HEV-protease has characteristics of "Papain-like cysteine protease," as determined through structural homology, active site residues and class-specific inhibition. Four inhibitors (E64, Chymostatin, Leupeptin, and ALLN) showed good ligandreceptor interactions that correlated better with the enzyme inhibition activity of recombinant HEV PCP protein with Glide docking ( Table 2 ). On the basis of structural homology, active site residue and class specific inhibition we have classified HEV-protease as a "Papain-like cysteine protease." Molecular characterization of hepatitis E virus ORF1 gene supports a papain-like cysteine protease (PCP)-domain activity Molecular modeling and analysis of hepatitis E virus (HEV) papain-like cysteine protease doi = 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00478 id = cord-258327-03vk6enj author = Schultze, Beate title = Isolated HE-protein from hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus and bovine coronavirus has receptor-destroying and receptor-binding activity date = 1991-01-31 keywords = BCV; HEV summary = The purified HE protein retained acetylesterase activity and was able to function as a receptor-destroying enzyme rendering red blood cells resistant against agglutination by both coronaviruses. However, it was found to recognize glycoconjugates containing N-acetyl-9-O-acetylneuraminic acid as indicated by a binding assay with rat serum proteins blotted to nitrocellulose and by its ability to inhibit the hemagglutinating activity of BCV, HEV, and influenza C virus. The virus pellet was resuspended in PBS and used for (i) analysis by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ; (ii) determination of the esterase activity ; (iii) hemagglutination and hemagglutination-inhibition assays ; and (iv) purification of the viral glycoproteins . These erythrocytes and control cells, which had been incubated with PBS, were used to determine the HA titer of BCV, HEV, and influenza C virus . As shown in Table 1 , incubation of erythrocytes with purified acetylesterase from either BCV or HEV rendered the cells resistant to agglutination by both coronaviruses as well as by influenza C virus . doi = 10.1016/0042-6822(91)90026-8 id = cord-333966-st6gyozv author = Taherkhani, Reza title = Design and production of a multiepitope construct derived from hepatitis E virus capsid protein date = 2015-03-17 keywords = HEV; HLA; ORF2; protein summary = The aim of this study was to design a high density multiepitope protein, which can be a promising multiepitope vaccine candidate against Hepatitis E virus (HEV). Therefore, the present study was undertaken to design a high density multiepitope protein compromising four HTL epitopes with high-affinity binding to the HLA molecules using the in silico analysis, and to evaluate the immunological properties of this protein in vitro. In brief, approximately 1 Â 10 5 cells/well of PBMCs of each sample in RPMI 1640 and 10% FCS were added to four wells of round-bottom 96-well plates in total volume of 180 ml/well, stimulated with 20 ml/well of truncated ORF2 protein (10 mg/ml), high density multiepitope (10 mg/ml) and Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) (5 mg/ml) (Sigma-Aldrich) separately, and incubated at 37˚C for 4 days. IFN-g ELISPOT responses to high density multiepitope protein and truncated ORF2 protein were found significantly higher in HEV-recovered individuals than control group (P < 0.001). doi = 10.1002/jmv.24171 id = cord-322062-nnefbeo6 author = Tam, Albert W. title = Hepatitis E virus (HEV): Molecular cloning and sequencing of the full-length viral genome date = 1991-11-30 keywords = HEV; ORF2; RNA summary = We now report on the molecular cloning and sequencing of the complete HEV (Burma; B) viral genome together with the deduced amino acid sequences of viral-encoded proteins General perspectives on the genetic organization of the virus, as deduced from sequence and open reading frame analyses, indicate that HEV bears some similarity to the caliciviridae but may represent a new class of nonenveloped RNA virus. Bife was chosen as the RNA source for cDNA synthesis because it contained relatively large numbers of virus particles when HEV cDNA clones were identified from libraries made from randomly primed cyno bile (solid square), or from cyno liver after priming by oligo-dT (solid circle), random sequence hexamers (open circle) and HEV-sequence specific oligonucleotides (open square). The presence of HEV-specific subgenomic RNAs localized to the 3'' one-third of the genome suggests that these may be the transcripts from which these 3'' end ORFs are expressed and is indicative of a unique expression strategy among nonenveloped positive-sense RNA viruses infecting humans. doi = 10.1016/0042-6822(91)90760-9 id = cord-351365-dc9t3vh3 author = Todt, Daniel title = Mutagenic Effects of Ribavirin on Hepatitis E Virus—Viral Extinction versus Selection of Fitness-Enhancing Mutations date = 2016-10-13 keywords = HCV; HEV; RBV; RNA; virus summary = Consequently, the onset of RBV treatment in chronically HEV-infected individuals can result in two divergent outcomes: viral extinction versus selection of fitness-enhanced viruses. Following an overview of RNA viruses treated with RBV in clinics and a summary of the different antiviral modes of action of this drug, we focus on the mutagenic effect of RBV on HEV intrahost populations, and how HEV is able to overcome lethal mutagenesis. Figure 1 provides an overview of a selection of RNA viruses against which RBV was shown to be active: hepatitis C virus (HCV, Flaviviridae), dengue virus (DENV, Flaviviridae), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV, Paramyxoviridae), influenza A and B virus (Orthomyxoviridae), chikungunya virus (CHIKV, Togaviridae), poliovirus (Picornaviridae), Hantaan virus (Bunyaviridae), and Lassa virus (Arenaviridae) [28, 29] ( Figure 1 ). Furthermore, mechanisms on the virus itself were described by inhibition of the capping efficiency, the viral polymerase, and a mutagenic effect on newly synthesized RNA genomes. A Mutation in the hepatitis E virus RNA polymerase promotes its replication and associates with ribavirin treatment failure in organ transplant recipients doi = 10.3390/v8100283 id = cord-350964-0jtfc271 author = Van Nguyen, Dung title = Detection and Characterization of Homologues of Human Hepatitis Viruses and Pegiviruses in Rodents and Bats in Vietnam date = 2018-02-28 keywords = HBV; HEV; Rattus; virus summary = In this study of pegivirus and human hepatitis-related viruses, liver and serum samples from Vietnamese rodents and bats were examined by PCR and sequencing. Nucleic acids homologous to human hepatitis B, C, E viruses were detected in liver samples of 2 (1.3%) of 157 bats, 38 (8.1%), and 14 (3%) of 470 rodents, respectively. Hepacivirus-like viruses were frequently detected (42.7%) in the bamboo rat, Rhizomys pruinosus, while pegivirus RNA was only evident in 2 (0.3%) of 638 rodent serum samples. Nucleic acid that was extracted from liver samples of 157 bats (29 species; Table S1 ) and 470 rodents (six species) was screened for pegivirus and human hepatitis B, C, E viruses and their homologues ( Table 1 ) by nested and semi-nested PCR assays with degenerate primers. doi = 10.3390/v10030102 id = cord-290136-n3irdy0x author = Vonesch, Nicoletta title = Emerging zoonotic viral infections of occupational health importance date = 2019-03-27 keywords = Congo; Crimean; HEV; WNV summary = West Nile Virus (WNV) disease, Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) disease and Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection were included in the review for their potential zoonotic transmission. Examples of zoonotic virus of other origin include West Nile Virus (WNV), Chikungunya virus and Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV), responsible for diseases with a high impact on public health (Wang and Crameri 2014; Belay et al. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) had been considered a sanitation problem in resource limited countries; however, the zoonotic form has emerged in industrialized countries with high seroprevalence, as detected in swine abattoir workers (Ukuli and Mugimba 2017) . The aim of this review is to identify observational studies that show evidence of association between human anti-HEV, anti-WNV and anti-CCHFV antibody seropositivity (IgG and/or IgM) and certain occupational groups at risk of exposure. Both zoonotic transmission pathways were also responsible for infections in farmers, agricultural workers and veterinarians enrolled in the epidemiological studies included in the review, with serologic IgG positivity ranging from 0.9% (Barzon et al. doi = 10.1093/femspd/ftz018 id = cord-324216-ce3wa889 author = Wang, Zheng title = Resequencing microarray probe design for typing genetically diverse viruses: human rhinoviruses and enteroviruses date = 2008-12-01 keywords = HEV; HRV; flu; sequence summary = Due to the great genetic diversity of HRV and HEV, in order to ensure that designed probes (referred to as probe sequences) generated from selected database sequences (referred to as prototype regions) would detect and discriminate all serotypes of HRV and HEV, a predictive model was used to assist the microarray design [17] . This study demonstrated the use of an algorithm for the design of probe sets based on an in silico predictive model [17] , developed by our group, that minimized the probes needed for detection and identification of most serotypes of HRV and HEV. A powerful feature of the expanded RPM-Flu v.30/31 resequencing pathogen microarray is that the nucleotide sequences generated from hybridization of the sample RNA/DNA and array-bound probe sets in conjunction with previously developed sequence analysis algorithm CIBSI can be easily interpreted to make serotype or strain identifications. doi = 10.1186/1471-2164-9-577 id = cord-336456-wg8vfh6w author = Webb, Glynn W. title = Hepatitis A and Hepatitis E: Clinical and Epidemiological Features, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention date = 2020-11-01 keywords = HAV; HEV; hepatitis; infection summary = However, HAV and HEV, which are isolated from the serum of individuals suffering an acute infection, are wrapped in a hijacked layer of host cell membrane, similar to those found on classical enveloped viruses but distinguished by the lack of any virusencoded proteins at the surface [8] . A recent large prospective study in Hong Kong identified both acute and chronic HEV-C1 infection in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients [24] . There is significant heterogeneity in the clinical picture of acute infection in these areas; only a small minority of patients present with typical viral hepatitis as described above. One of the most important public health challenges related to acute hepatitis E infection, which most commonly occurs in developing countries, is the excess morbidity and mortality seen among pregnant women (Table 1 ). Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in patients with cirrhosis is associated with rapid decompensation and death doi = 10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2020.10.001 id = cord-351389-48tszqh5 author = Xu, Kai title = Crystal Structure of the Hendra Virus Attachment G Glycoprotein Bound to a Potent Cross-Reactive Neutralizing Human Monoclonal Antibody date = 2013-10-10 keywords = CDR; Hendra; hev summary = title: Crystal Structure of the Hendra Virus Attachment G Glycoprotein Bound to a Potent Cross-Reactive Neutralizing Human Monoclonal Antibody One cross-reactive and receptor-blocking hmAb (m102.4) was recently demonstrated to be an effective post-exposure therapy in two animal models of NiV and HeV infection, has been used in several people on a compassionate use basis, and is currently in development for use in humans. We used X-ray crystallography to determine the high-resolution structures of the Hendra virus G glycoprotein in complex with a cross-reactive neutralizing human monoclonal antibody. Taken together, the success of hmAb m102.4 in vivo as an effective post-exposure treatment against henipavirus disease in two different well-characterized animal models (the ferret and nonhuman primate), along with the new detailed structural findings on its viral G glycoprotein binding features that help explain its superior cross-reactive neutralizing activity, will facilitate efforts aimed at obtaining approved human use application to treat accidental exposure to HeV or NiV infection. doi = 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003684 id = cord-348179-i8w7huke author = Xue, Yong title = Increased risk of hepatitis E virus infection in schizophrenia date = 2012-10-07 keywords = IL-10; hev summary = Moreover, schizophrenia patients with increased CD4(+)/CD8(+) T-cell ratios (>2.03) had higher anti-HEV IgG detection rates than those with normal ratios (1.05-2.03). Epidemiological studies have already shown that the rates of hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infection in patients with schizophrenia were five and 11 times higher, respectively, than the estimated general population rates [26] . In the current study, we found that the detection rates for HEV antibodies in schizophrenia patients were much higher than those in healthy controls. In the present study, the detection rate of anti-HEV IgG in schizophrenia patients with increased CD4 ? T-cell levels and the increased risk of HEV infection in schizophrenia patients. Moreover, significant differences of the serum IL-4, IL-10 and IL-12 levels were observed among schizophrenia patients with and without HEV IgG antibodies. Taken together, schizophrenia patients exhibited higher risk of HEV infection than controls in the present study. doi = 10.1007/s00705-012-1494-5 id = cord-261446-ro1wm0kf author = Yang, Yifei title = Fatal disease associated with Swine Hepatitis E virus and Porcine circovirus 2 co-infection in four weaned pigs in China date = 2015-03-26 keywords = China; HEV; PCV2 summary = CASE PRESENTATION: In this study, we characterized the HEV and PCV2 co-infection in 2–3 month-old piglets, based on pathogen identification and the pathological changes observed, in Hebei Province, China. PCR was used to identify the pathogen and we tested for eight viruses (HEV, Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, PCV2, Classical swine fever virus, Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, Transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus, Porcine parvovirus and Pseudorabies virus) that are prevalent in Chinese pig farms. CONCLUSION: HEV and PCV2 co-infection in piglets was detected in four out of seven dead pigs from two pig farms in Hebei, China, producing severe pathological changes. In the present study, pathogen identification and the observation of pathological changes demonstrated a natural co-infection with HEV and PCV2 in the swine on two pig farms in Hebei Province, China. The lesions observed in the lung, liver, heart, kidney, lymph node, spleen and intestinal tract tissues were similar in all the pigs necropsied. doi = 10.1186/s12917-015-0375-z id = cord-003961-gs75ebo4 author = Yin, Xin title = Hepatitis E Virus Entry date = 2019-09-20 keywords = HEV; ORF3; virus summary = The enteric route of transmission, EM evidence of naked virions in the feces, and the lack of coding capacity for envelope proteins all suggest that HEV is a nonenveloped virus. The enteric route of transmission, EM evidence of naked virions in the feces, and the lack of coding capacity for envelope proteins all suggest that HEV is a nonenveloped virus. However, recent studies show that the virus released from infected cells and circulating in the blood adopts a membrane associated, "quasienveloped" form, named "eHEV" [10, 11, 22] (Figure 1b ). However, recent studies show that the virus released from infected cells and circulating in the blood adopts a membrane associated, "quasienveloped" form, named "eHEV" [10, 11, 22] (Figure 1b ). The available evidence suggests that naked and quasienveloped HEV particles use different mechanisms for cell entry, and that entry of eHEV requires lysosomal degradation of the viral membrane. ORF3 protein of hepatitis E virus is essential for virion release from infected cells doi = 10.3390/v11100883 id = cord-267015-mprsdi2e author = Zhu, Zhongyu title = Exceptionally Potent Cross-Reactive Neutralization of Nipah and Hendra Viruses by a Human Monoclonal Antibody date = 2008-03-15 keywords = antibody; hev summary = One of these antibodies, m102, which exhibited the highest level of cross-reactive neutralization of both NiV and HeV G, was affinity maturated by light-chain shuffling combined with random mutagenesis of its heavy-chain variable domain and panning against sG(HeV). We have previously identified neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies against Nipah virus (NiV) and Hendra virus (HeV) by panning a large nonimmune antibody library against a soluble form of the HeV attachment-envelope glycoprotein G (sG HeV ). One of these antibodies, m102, which exhibited the highest level of cross-reactive neutralization of both NiV and HeV G, was affinity maturated by light-chain shuffling combined with random mutagenesis of its heavychain variable domain and panning against sG HeV . To demonstrate that m102.4 measured in plasma was biologically active, serum collected on days 1, 4, and 8 was evaluated using virus neutralization assays, as described above (data not shown). Receptor binding, fusion inhibition, and induction of cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies by a soluble G glycoprotein of Hendra virus doi = 10.1086/528801 id = cord-010092-uftc8inx author = nan title = Abstract of 29th Regional Congress of the ISBT date = 2019-06-07 keywords = ABO; AIHA; Alinity; Background; Blood; CD34; Conclusions; DAT; December; HBV; HCV; HDFN; HEV; HIV; HLA; Health; Hospital; January; NAT; National; PBM; PCR; PLT; RBC; RHD; RNA; Red; SCD; Service; Summary; Transfusion; aim; anti; cell; dna; donation; donor; group; method; patient; platelet; result; sample; study; test summary = Prospective testing of blood donations in endemic areas of the U.S. revealed 0.38% of donors were positive for Babesia DNA or antibodies (Moritz, NEJM, 2016) Aims: -To report results of ongoing Babesia clinical trial -To explain significance of Babesia as a TT infection Methods: In cobas â Babesia for use on the cobas â 6800/8800 Systems, is a qualitative polymerase chain reaction nucleic acid amplification test, developed to detect in whole blood (WB) donor samples the 4 Babesia species that cause human disease: B. In sensitivity analyses, there were two discrepant results for HIV testing, three for HCV, and five for anti-HBc. Summary/Conclusions: Elecsys â infectious disease parameters on the cobas e 801 analyser demonstrate high specificity/sensitivity for screening first-time blood donor samples, with similar clinical performance to other commercially available assays. doi = 10.1111/vox.12792