Summary of your 'study carrel' ============================== This is a summary of your Distant Reader 'study carrel'. The Distant Reader harvested & cached your content into a collection/corpus. It then applied sets of natural language processing and text mining against the collection. The results of this process was reduced to a database file -- a 'study carrel'. The study carrel can then be queried, thus bringing light specific characteristics for your collection. These characteristics can help you summarize the collection as well as enumerate things you might want to investigate more closely. This report is a terse narrative report, and when processing is complete you will be linked to a more complete narrative report. Eric Lease Morgan Number of items in the collection; 'How big is my corpus?' ---------------------------------------------------------- 103 Average length of all items measured in words; "More or less, how big is each item?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8299 Average readability score of all items (0 = difficult; 100 = easy) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 Top 50 statistically significant keywords; "What is my collection about?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 103 Hong 81 Kong 32 SARS 11 H5N1 8 virus 7 China 6 influenza 6 Singapore 5 Taiwan 5 H1N1 4 chinese 3 human 3 USA 3 COVID-19 2 wind 2 vaccine 2 vaccination 2 urban 2 social 2 service 2 infection 2 disease 2 covid-19 2 avian 2 People 2 March 2 July 2 January 2 Health 2 HAI 2 H9N2 2 H7N9 2 GDP 2 CSSA 2 Asia 1 worry 1 volatility 1 visibility 1 uenza 1 type 1 transmission 1 trading 1 taiwanese 1 table 1 system 1 suicide 1 simulation 1 severe 1 self 1 saving Top 50 lemmatized nouns; "What is discussed?" --------------------------------------------- 5451 virus 4806 influenza 3015 % 2110 study 1904 case 1876 infection 1579 pandemic 1443 patient 1340 vaccine 1316 health 1270 model 1230 disease 1187 datum 1174 outbreak 1156 time 1121 year 1058 transmission 1041 number 1032 population 1003 rate 992 cell 963 level 926 service 903 epidemic 888 analysis 885 day 878 system 852 group 839 vaccination 830 result 819 response 807 control 802 people 789 measure 773 city 738 risk 721 strain 693 use 671 age 658 government 648 effect 628 period 625 area 619 development 617 value 601 country 590 market 590 information 587 wind 586 factor Top 50 proper nouns; "What are the names of persons or places?" -------------------------------------------------------------- 3571 Hong 3546 Kong 2307 ⁄ 2288 SARS 1286 China 1199 H5N1 1127 H1N1 912 . 895 al 810 et 526 Health 467 Singapore 432 HA 392 A 383 Asia 338 Taiwan 336 Influenza 326 NA 287 Fig 270 March 266 PCR 262 Table 236 pH1N1 236 World 233 C 232 m 228 Department 226 COVID-19 224 Pacific 206 CSSA 203 April 194 H9N2 189 CoV 183 United 181 H3N2 180 University 174 Government 165 RT 165 New 163 Organization 161 • 160 USA 155 Japan 151 RNA 151 H7N9 147 US 147 Hospital 143 May 142 July 140 February Top 50 personal pronouns nouns; "To whom are things referred?" ------------------------------------------------------------- 1954 it 1705 we 917 they 330 i 302 he 245 them 103 one 73 us 66 you 63 she 58 themselves 48 itself 39 me 37 him 24 oneself 16 her 12 himself 4 s 4 ourselves 4 herself 3 myself 1 yī 1 thyself 1 t202 1 t 1 mrnas 1 duck/ 1 cord-348129-tph0d5fl 1 a-172 Top 50 lemmatized verbs; "What do things do?" --------------------------------------------- 24051 be 5278 have 1929 use 1146 show 1136 include 887 do 770 base 763 report 695 increase 694 provide 666 associate 622 find 560 infect 558 follow 527 compare 513 develop 512 suggest 492 make 487 identify 486 take 440 observe 430 reduce 413 cause 403 give 401 isolate 399 relate 390 obtain 389 estimate 387 consider 380 confirm 378 occur 366 become 362 perceive 354 see 353 emerge 342 detect 340 indicate 339 lead 325 remain 320 perform 314 require 313 receive 313 affect 312 describe 309 test 308 determine 308 conduct 299 accord 287 know 287 age Top 50 lemmatized adjectives and adverbs; "How are things described?" --------------------------------------------------------------------- 2334 not 1650 high 1432 - 1412 human 1357 also 1338 more 1318 other 996 such 984 avian 981 respiratory 895 low 822 only 818 first 807 well 804 social 790 however 771 new 746 public 731 severe 728 urban 683 viral 666 clinical 651 most 624 large 617 different 585 old 554 acute 550 local 524 important 517 seasonal 517 early 499 as 492 economic 485 many 470 significant 430 specific 399 infectious 393 similar 391 global 390 highly 383 chinese 382 non 370 further 355 major 349 less 342 general 341 positive 335 very 330 same 328 likely Top 50 lemmatized superlative adjectives; "How are things described to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 239 most 151 large 125 high 109 least 72 good 71 Most 32 low 32 great 19 late 18 early 16 big 15 ⁄ 14 busy 9 young 9 strong 9 close 8 old 8 bad 7 small 5 fast 3 slow 3 long 3 broad 2 sharp 2 safe 2 poor 2 near 2 fit 2 f(0 2 common 2 MOST 2 -which 1 wide 1 wet 1 weak 1 strict 1 steep 1 slight 1 simple 1 short 1 rich 1 postt 1 mild 1 hot 1 hard 1 free 1 few 1 faint 1 dense 1 clear Top 50 lemmatized superlative adverbs; "How do things do to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 412 most 96 least 14 well 4 fast 2 hard 2 f(0 1 youngest 1 worst 1 near 1 highest Top 50 Internet domains; "What Webbed places are alluded to in this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 30 doi.org 5 www.who.int 2 www.cdc.gov 2 sysbio.cvm.msstate.edu 2 image.thelancet.com 1 www.wpro.who 1 www.who.int)-have 1 www.who 1 www.taiwannews.com.tw 1 www.straitstimes.com 1 www.stat.gov.tw 1 www.sgm.ac.uk 1 www.random.org 1 www.r-project.org 1 www.plosone.org 1 www.peta.org 1 www.oneworldonehealth.org 1 www.normativasanitaria.it 1 www.netflixprize.com 1 www.jstatsoft.org 1 www.gov.mo 1 www.gisaid.org 1 www.geneious.com 1 www.frontiersin.org 1 www.forbes.com 1 www.flu.mn 1 www.flu.iss.it 1 www.euroflu.org 1 www.chp.gov.hk 1 www.censtatd.gov.hk 1 www.bt.cdc.gov 1 www.biomedcentral.com 1 www 1 thediplomat.com 1 taiwanedoctor.doh.gov.tw 1 sysbio.cvm 1 hcc.unl.edu 1 github.com 1 fbstaff.cityu.edu.hk 1 dx.doi.org 1 dis.mohw.go.kr 1 creativecommons.org 1 admin.taiwan.net.tw Top 50 URLs; "What is hyperlinked from this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------- 10 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.29.20222190 8 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05 7 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.15.20154997 4 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.13.20099978 2 http://sysbio.cvm.msstate.edu/IPMiner 1 http://www.wpro.who 1 http://www.who.int/csr/sars/country/en/index 1 http://www.who.int/csr/sars/ 1 http://www.who.int/csr/don/2003_06_23/en/ 1 http://www.who.int/csr/disease/avian_influenza/ 1 http://www.who.int)-have 1 http://www.who.int 1 http://www.who 1 http://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3828785 1 http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/beijing-allows-taipei-to-evacuatetaiwanese-in-wuhan 1 http://www.stat.gov.tw/ 1 http://www.sgm.ac.uk 1 http://www.random.org 1 http://www.r-project.org/ 1 http://www.plosone.org/ 1 http://www.peta.org/action/action-alerts/first-ever-taiwan-raid-police-bust-pigeon-racers/ 1 http://www.oneworldonehealth.org/ 1 http://www.normativasanitaria.it 1 http://www.netflixprize.com/ 1 http://www.jstatsoft.org/v08/i21/paper 1 http://www.gov.mo 1 http://www.gisaid.org 1 http://www.geneious.com 1 http://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt 1 http://www.forbes.com/pictures/gg45ejhmd/1-singapore/#gallerycontent 1 http://www.flu.mn/eng/index.php?option=com_ 1 http://www.flu.iss.it 1 http://www.euroflu.org 1 http://www.chp.gov.hk/ 1 http://www.censtatd.gov.hk/home/ 1 http://www.cdc.gov/pulsenet/ 1 http://www.cdc.gov/ 1 http://www.bt.cdc.gov 1 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2334/7/18/prepub 1 http://www 1 http://thediplomat.com/2020/02/taiwans-coronavirus-response-hits-obstacles-set-bychinese-government/ 1 http://taiwanedoctor.doh.gov.tw/ 1 http://sysbio.cvm 1 http://image.thelancet.com/extras/o3let4127web.pdf 1 http://image.thelancet.com/extras/03art4453web.pdf 1 http://hcc.unl.edu/main/index.php 1 http://github.com/BlankerL/DXY-COVID-19-Data，Including 1 http://fbstaff.cityu.edu.hk/efkwli/Data.html 1 http://dx.doi.org/10 1 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2018.08.001 Top 50 email addresses; "Who are you gonna call?" ------------------------------------------------- 1 simon.c.lam@polyu.edu.hk 1 daniel.shek@polyu.edu.hk 1 btomlinson@cuhk.edu.hk Top 50 positive assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-noun?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10 viruses do not 9 virus was not 8 study did not 7 study was not 6 rate was higher 5 data are available 5 virus infected cells 5 virus infected mice 5 viruses were able 4 cells were then 4 disease is not 4 health was not 4 kong is not 4 model is able 4 models are not 4 population does not 4 transmission has not 4 virus has not 4 virus was first 4 viruses are not 4 viruses did not 4 viruses were also 3 china does not 3 china has more 3 disease was not 3 diseases are not 3 h1n1 were more 3 influenza include use 3 kong is likely 3 model is also 3 patients were normal 3 sars was not 3 study has several 3 study was cross 3 vaccine does not 3 vaccine is available 3 vaccine was available 3 vaccine was poorly 3 virus did not 3 virus infected lung 3 virus was also 3 viruses have also 3 viruses isolated characteristics 3 viruses isolated worldwide 3 viruses were first 2 % showed signs 2 % were buddhists 2 % were currently 2 % were female 2 % were males Top 50 negative assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-no|not-noun?" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 health was not good 2 cases are not due 2 disease is not similar 2 models are not suitable 2 population has no immunity 2 study had no role 2 virus was not remarkably 1 % having no acute 1 cases had no risk 1 cases is not available 1 cases was not high 1 china does not only 1 china is no exception 1 china was not part 1 data are not available 1 data are not consistent 1 data is not available 1 data were not available 1 disease are not sufficiently 1 disease is not infectious 1 disease is not just 1 diseases are not adequate 1 diseases are not typically 1 h1n1 have not yet 1 h5n1 did not productively 1 h5n1 has no detectable 1 health is no longer 1 infection have not well 1 infection was not common 1 infections are not just 1 influenza has no pathognomonic 1 influenza is not clearly 1 kong had no antibody 1 kong is not part 1 kong is not representative 1 kong were not willing 1 level do not merely 1 model does not explicitly 1 model is not scale 1 models are not able 1 models are not only 1 outbreaks are not disease 1 pandemics is not yet 1 patient had no fever 1 population does not necessarily 1 population has not yet 1 rate was not high 1 sars are not clear 1 sars had no direct 1 sars had not yet A rudimentary bibliography -------------------------- id = cord-016551-5vwgg8e6 author = Anis, Mohab title = Construction and Building Applications date = 2016-12-09 keywords = Hong; Hycrete; Kong; construction summary = This chapter shows how nanotechnology-based building materials are playing an important role in green architectural design and construction, which has become a growing trend in many countries. This leads to nanotechnology being rapidly adopted by the construction market in several aspects like coatings, insulation materials, and building materials (steel, cement, asphalt, glass, polymers, etc.). Nanomaterials are currently employed in cements, steel, and even windows to render buildings greener, more cost effective and safer. Another application of nanotechnology in the market involves making Ultra Violet (UV) absorbing, self-cleaning, and depolluting coatings for windows. Although Bioni antimicrobial paints in hospitals are 25 % more cost effective because they decreased the frequent use of biocides, they are more expensive in residential buildings. The growing regulations on the building sector to save energy drive the growth for solar control window films, which is forecast to be an 863 million dollars market by 2018. doi = 10.1007/978-3-319-44863-3_2 id = cord-306014-tjnt01ld author = Argyroudis, George S. title = Spillover effects of Great Recession on Hong-Kong’s Real Estate Market: An analysis based on Causality Plane and Tsallis Curves of Complexity–Entropy date = 2019-06-15 keywords = Hong; Kong summary = Based on permutation entropy, complexity–entropy causality plane and Tsallis complexity–entropy curve, we characterize the complexity of the housing indices-both in terms of size and region-and distinguish the level of informational efficiency. We start our analysis by presenting in Fig. 1, panel (a) and (b), the Shannon Complexity-Entropy Causality Plane (CECP) for all Real Estate indices in Hong Kong, partitioned by size and location. In order to compare the results, derived by the symbolic permutation entropy, with the Hurst exponent h, we generate a time series with the use of the fractional Brownian motion. In all cases but one, the indices, measured in terms of size and region, exhibit lower permutation entropy and higher complexity, meaning that the financial crisis event affected the dynamical structure of the indices, increasing their regularity and predictability. But the Kowloon index quantifiers exhibit higher permutation entropy value denoting greater informational efficiency or less regularity and loss of complexity. doi = 10.1016/j.physa.2019.04.052 id = cord-003171-z22ekgtv author = Babu, Tara M title = Population Serologic Immunity to Human and Avian H2N2 Viruses in the United States and Hong Kong for Pandemic Risk Assessment date = 2018-10-01 keywords = H2N2; HAI; Hong summary = doi = 10.1093/infdis/jiy291 id = cord-275708-17cz3agx author = Babyn, Paul S. title = Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS): chest radiographic features in children date = 2003-11-18 keywords = Hong; Kong; SARS; Toronto summary = CONCLUSION: In pediatric cases, SARS manifests with nonspecific radiographic features making radiological differentiation difficult, especially from other commonly encountered childhood respiratory viral illnesses causing airspace disease. This article presents the initial chest radiographic findings collated from 62 children diagnosed as probable or suspect SARS cases during the recent SARS outbreak in Toronto, Singapore, and Hong Kong. Keywords Chest AE Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) AE Radiography AE CT AE Children the following signs and symptoms: fever, chills, body ache, cough, sore throat, rhinorrhea, dyspnea, tachypnea, crackles, headache, dizziness, hypoxemia, malaise, myalgia, rigor, lethargy, and gastrointestinal symptoms including vomiting and diarrhea. In general, fever and cough were the most common clinical presentation amongst younger pediatric SARS cases (age<10 years), whereas, in addition to these symptoms, headache, myalgia, sore throat, chills, and/or rigor were reported in older patients (age ‡10 years). doi = 10.1007/s00247-003-1081-8 id = cord-307490-b4un4703 author = Chan, Sophia S.C. title = Improving older adults’ knowledge and practice of preventive measures through a telephone health education during the SARS epidemic in Hong Kong: A pilot study date = 2007-09-30 keywords = Hong; Kong; SARS summary = title: Improving older adults'' knowledge and practice of preventive measures through a telephone health education during the SARS epidemic in Hong Kong: A pilot study Objectives To assess the effectiveness of delivering a telephone health education programme dealing with anxiety levels, and knowledge and practice of measures to prevent transmission of SARS among a group of older adults with low SES. This is the first systematic study to assess the effectiveness of delivering telephone health education to older adults during the outbreak of SARS in Hong Kong. Results of the study supported that telephone health education was effective in relieving anxiety and improving knowledge of the main transmission routes of SARS in older adults, but not fostering practice of preventing SARS. This is the first systematic study to assess the effectiveness of telephone health education in improving older adults'' knowledge and practice of preventive measures during the SARS epidemic. doi = 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2006.04.019 id = cord-330502-exmk6gmu author = Chan, Sophia S.C. title = A nurse-delivered brief health education intervention to improve pneumococcal vaccination rate among older patients with chronic diseases: A cluster randomized controlled trial date = 2015-01-31 keywords = Hong; Kong; PPV summary = title: A nurse-delivered brief health education intervention to improve pneumococcal vaccination rate among older patients with chronic diseases: A cluster randomized controlled trial Objective The aim of this study was to determine if an additional multi-component health education intervention increases the uptake rate of the pneumococcal vaccination among older patients with chronic diseases. Discussion: A nurse-delivered brief health education intervention was effective in increasing uptake of pneumococcal vaccination among older patients with chronic diseases. Discussion: A nurse-delivered brief health education intervention was effective in increasing uptake of pneumococcal vaccination among older patients with chronic diseases. This large cluster randomized controlled trial, therefore, was conducted to test the effectiveness of a nursedelivered multiple component health education intervention on the uptake rate of PPV and awareness of PPV at 3month follow up among older patients with chronic diseases in Hong Kong. doi = 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2014.06.008 id = cord-337546-60xq8dpg author = Chang, Chia-Chien title = Weaponized Interdependence: China''s Economic Statecraft and Social Penetration against Taiwan date = 2020-12-31 keywords = China; Hong; Party; Taiwan; chinese; power; taiwanese summary = Just as great powers did in history, China has been engaging in the "5M" approach of economic statecraft and social penetration against Taiwan: money, manpower exchange, misinformation, mooching (cultivating compradors), and magnifying (propagating the "Chinese Dream"). For example, although the data shows that in recent years Taiwan''s economic situation has been relatively stable, compared with most of the countries in the region, as well as globally, still a substantial portion of Taiwanese population think that the ruling party Democratic Progressive Party (DDP) and incumbent president Tsai Ing-wen did not handle the economy or cross-Strait relations well. 38 China has launched its social penetration operations through those channels, and two are most influential: religious networks established by local temples and quasiillegal organizations, and various "cross-Strait exchange groups." Traditionally, China used to manipulate these two channels to penetrate the whole Taiwanese society, including both the younger generation and the grassroots. doi = 10.1016/j.orbis.2020.02.002 id = cord-274306-cxvnv8dy author = Chastel, C. title = Émergence de virus nouveaux en Asie : les changements climatiques sont-ils en cause ? date = 2004-11-30 keywords = H5N1; Hong; Kong; virus summary = L''Asie, en particulier la Chine et le Sud-est asiatique, a également connu l''émergence de viroses humaines graves, telles que la dengue hémorragique (les Philippines, 1954) ou plusieurs pandémies grippales, la grippe asiatique (N2H2) en 1957, la grippe de Hong-Kong (H3N2) en 1968, et la grippe russe (H1N1) en 1977. Mais, c''est surtout au cours des dix dernières années que les émergences virales s''y sont multipliées avec l''apparition de la fièvre hémorragique à virus Alkhurma en Arabie Saoudite (1995), de la grippe aviaire H5N1 à Hong-Kong, en 1997, de l''encéphalite à virus Nipah en Malaisie, en 1998, et surtout du SRAS, en Chine du sud en 2002. Depuis l''extermination des porcs infectés, on a plus signalé de cas d''encéphalite à virus Nipah, mais il convient de rester vigilant car les roussettes et les porcs sont très nombreux dans tout le Sud-est asiatique. doi = 10.1016/j.medmal.2004.07.027 id = cord-297618-9ka3y2y1 author = Chau, Pui Hing title = Construction of the Infection Curve of Local Cases of COVID-19 in Hong Kong using Back-Projection date = 2020-09-21 keywords = Hong; Kong; March summary = doi = 10.3390/ijerph17186909 id = cord-314381-ltil9hwl author = Cheng, Cecilia title = The psychology behind the masks: Psychological responses to the severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak in different regions date = 2004-03-11 keywords = Hong; SARS summary = The present paper proposes the influence of psychological factors on people''s cognitive, affective, and behavioral responses during the SARS outbreak. Because SARS affected a number of regions, including people from both Asian and Western cultures, did individuals from different cultures perceive and cope with the crisis in distinct manners? These results suggest a link between general coping strategies and specific health behavior to avoid contracting SARS, which applies to people in areas that were and were not affected by SARS. This commentary, together with the five articles, provides valuable information on the ways in which people from different regions of the world responded affectively, cognitively, and behaviorally to the SARS outbreak. In conclusion, this special issue highlights the role of psychological factors in people''s cognitive and behavioral responses to the SARS outbreak. doi = 10.1111/j.1467-839x.2004.00130.x id = cord-270909-wb7mwklo author = Cheng, Vincent C.C. title = Absence of nosocomial transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to SARS-CoV-2 in the pre-pandemic phase in Hong Kong date = 2020-05-24 keywords = Hong; SARS summary = BACKGROUND: To describe the infection control strategy to achieve zero nosocomial transmission of symptomatic coronavirus disease (COVID-19) due to SARS-CoV-2 during the pre-pandemic phase (the first 72 days after announcement of pneumonia cases in Wuhan) in Hong Kong. Pandemic infection of a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was declared by World Health Organization (WHO) on 11 March 2020, which is 72 days after announcement of a cluster of patients with community acquired pneumonia in Wuhan, Hubei Province by National Health Commission of the People''s Republic of China (NHCPRC), on 31 December 2019 (day 1) [1] . Up to 11 March 2020 (day 72 after the official announcement of a cluster of pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan, Hubei Province, a total of 130 cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection were confirmed in Hong Kong, while the first 42 patients were reported previously [9] . doi = 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.05.018 id = cord-294237-6hovffso author = Cherry, James D title = SARS: The First Pandemic of the 21(st) Century date = 2004 keywords = Hong; Kong; SARS summary = SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) was a new disease in the fall of 2002, which first occurred in Guangdong Province, China and spread to 29 countries with 8422 cases and 916 fatalities (1) (2) (3) . Moreover, cataloging the genome from human cases assisted in the search for the origin of this disease, when viruses related to the SARS-CoV were identified in animals [Himalayan palm civets (Paguma larvata) and raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides)] in a live animal market in Shenzhen, China (12) . On the one hand, in the initial phases of the spread of SARS in Hong Kong, Singapore, and Toronto, a disproportionate number of health care workers became ill and apparent "superspreader" cases were noted (2-4, 6, 11, 14 -18) . Outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) at Amoy Gardens, Kowloon Bay, Hong Kong, main findings of the investigation Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Singapore: clinical features of index patient and initial contacts Severe acute respiratory syndrome in children: experience in a regional hospital in Hong Kong doi = 10.1203/01.pdr.0000129184.87042.fc id = cord-016160-ugc7ce21 author = Ching, Frank title = Bird Flu, SARS and Beyond date = 2018-03-15 keywords = China; Guangdong; H7N9; Health; Hong; Kong; SARS; University; Yuen summary = At the end of 2002, unknown to anyone in Hong Kong, another deadly virus was circulating in neighboring Guangdong Province, propagating a disease that had no name but which was preliminarily dubbed atypical pneumonia in China and later renamed Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, or SARS, by the World Health Organization. And now it''s been identified by all the other laboratories." 76 Also, just as Hong Kong University publicized its breakthrough before the CDC''s announcement, so the university was able to get its scientific discovery into print first, with the publication of a paper in the online Lancet on April 8, 2003, "Coronavirus as a possible cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome." The success was very much the result of a group effort, as the list of authors shows, with Malik Peiris as the lead writer, K.Y. Yuen as the last writer and others, including Guan Yi, Leo Poon, John Nicholls and K.H. Chan, in between. doi = 10.1007/978-981-10-6316-9_14 id = cord-283537-49ic7p3u author = Chong, Ka Chun title = Identifying Meteorological Drivers for the Seasonal Variations of Influenza Infections in a Subtropical City — Hong Kong date = 2015-01-28 keywords = Hong; Kong; influenza summary = doi = 10.3390/ijerph120201560 id = cord-323643-lu3ngt6r author = Chow, C.B. title = Post-SARS infection control in the hospital and clinic date = 2004-11-05 keywords = Hong; Kong; SARS; infection summary = The recent severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak has almost mandated a re-evaluation of infection control practices in hospitals, clinics, schools and domestic environments, especially for patients with respiratory tract symptoms. PAEDIATRIC Summary The recent severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak has almost mandated a re-evaluation of infection control practices in hospitals, clinics, schools and domestic environments, especially for patients with respiratory tract symptoms. 17 Despite great concerns, compliance to infection control precautions by community general practitioners in Hong Kong lagged behind their hospital counterparts -97.7% had not worn masks at all times, a third did not wash their hands after seeing/examining a patient and half did not wear gowns. In a study looking into factors affecting nosocomial infection in Hong Kong, it was found that all HCWs consistently used N95s or surgical masks and perceived that the inadequacy of personal protective equipment (PPE) supply, infection control training <2 h and inconsistent use of goggles, gowns, gloves and caps were significant independent risk factors for SARS infection. doi = 10.1016/j.prrv.2004.07.006 id = cord-029338-r8vf6pqt author = Chun, Jack title = A Rawlsian Model of Land Justice for Hong Kong: The Controversy on the Development of the North New Territories date = 2020-04-29 keywords = Hong; Kong; Rawls; rawlsian summary = In this chapter, a Rawlsian model is adopted in analysing the dynamics between politics, governance and justice in the land controversy of Hong Kong. Confronting these questions, I will first introduce three conceptual tools found in Rawls'' theory of justice (1972, 1996, 2001) and then show how the Rawlsian model is applicable to the general situation in Hong Kong. From their perspective, the government should not unjustly allow a selected group of stakeholders (i.e. the developers) to unfairly take advantages of the situation when Hong Kong people collectively facing such a serious land problem. This point is important because only by underscoring this minimal moral sense can Rawls fully answer the challenge, such as the one raised by Habermas (1995) , that merely from the self-interested rationality (private reason) one can never yield reasonableness (public reason) in one''s judgement, which is required for the impartial agents in the original position to formulate the two principles of justice, especially the difference principle. doi = 10.1007/978-981-15-5266-3_4 id = cord-332563-oo8wler1 author = Chung, Pak-Kwong title = The process by which perceived autonomy support predicts motivation, intention, and behavior for seasonal influenza prevention in Hong Kong older adults date = 2017-07-28 keywords = Hong; Kong; behavior summary = BACKGROUND: This study examined the effectiveness of a theoretical framework that integrates self-determination theory (SDT) and the theory of planned behavior (TPB) in explaining the use of facemasks to prevent seasonal influenza among Hong Kong older adults. At Time 1, older adults (N = 141) completed self-report measures of SDT (perceived autonomy support from senior center staff, autonomous motivation for influenza prevention) and TPB (attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and intention for influenza prevention) constructs with respect to facemask used to prevent infection. Building on an integrated model of SDT and TPB [22, 23, 27] , we tested effects among perceived autonomy support, autonomous motivation, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, intention, and behavior for facemask wearing during peak influenza season among elderly people in Hong Kong. doi = 10.1186/s12889-017-4608-x id = cord-254340-e1x0z3rh author = Cruz, Christian Joy Pattawi title = Exploring the young demographic profile of COVID-19 cases in Hong Kong: Evidence from migration and travel history data date = 2020-06-26 keywords = Hong; Kong; case; covid-19 summary = doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0235306 id = cord-020769-elzkwyz0 author = Day, Brennan title = The new normal: lessons learned from SARS for corporations operating in emerging markets date = 2004-07-01 keywords = China; Hong; Kong; SARS; disease summary = This paper uses the recent SARS epidemic as a background to highlight the importance of crisis planning, particularly in emerging economies, and suggests how organizations can address these concerns. This paper will start by presenting background information on the SARS epidemic and the impact on organizations, especially those operating in emerging markets. Since emerging markets are increasingly important to the world economy and are at the same time susceptible to outbreaks of infectious diseases, we need to understand how we are linked together on an interdependent global level. If just three of the Asian emerging economies -China, India, and Indonesia -are able to maintain this growth rate of 6 percent per year, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has estimated that by 2010 approximately 700 million people in those countries will have an average income equivalent to that of Spain today. doi = 10.1108/00251740410542357 id = cord-348129-tph0d5fl author = De Deyn, Michelle Lee Zhi Qing title = A tale of two cities: a comparison of Hong Kong and Singapore''s early strategies for the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date = 2020-06-25 keywords = Hong; Singapore summary = Based on news reports and official press releases, it is evident that many Asian countries, which have successfully contained the first wave of infections, are now experiencing a second wave of imported cases from abroad and worsening local transmission 2 . After the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV) outbreak, Singapore authorities had put in place a multi-ministry taskforce and a Disease Outbreak Response System Condition (DORSCON) framework that enables the whole-of-government to respond immediately to any disease outbreak and guide interventions 5 . While Hong Kong saw her first imported case on 22 January 2020 and had taken similar pre-emptive measures prior to this 6 . The role of community-wide wearing of face mask for control of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic due to SARS-CoV-2 Confirmed imported case of novel coronavirus infection in Singapore; multi-ministry taskforce ramps up precautionary measures doi = 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.058 id = cord-336742-42ebj3gi author = Demmler, Gail J title = Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS): a review of the history, epidemiology, prevention, and concerns for the future date = 2003-07-31 keywords = Hong; Kong; SARS summary = The disease, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), spread quickly and caused numerous deaths, as well as public panic. The first report of the new disease, given the name "severe acute respiratory syndrome" (SARS), was received by WHO on February 11 from the Chinese Ministry of Health, which documented that 305 cases and 5 deaths had occurred in the Guangdon Province. 2, 5 By March 5, secondary probable SARS cases were identified among healthcare workers in Hanoi, and at the urging of Dr. Urbani and his colleagues, Vietnam closed the hospital to new patients and visitors on March 11. A cluster of cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Singapore: Clinical features of index patient and initial contacts Identification of a novel coronavirus in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome doi = 10.1016/s1045-1870(03)00056-6 id = cord-329124-yetjd5g5 author = Deng, Ying title = Challenge-driven design for public housing: The case of Hong Kong date = 2016-06-30 keywords = Hong; Housing; Kong; design summary = By synthesizing data from literature, policy documents, and empirical evidence, this research develops an evolution map for PH design in Hong Kong that is driven by seven major challenges. After decades of development, how have PH designs evolved against multiple challenges and kept abreast with the present era of sustainability, particularly in the aforementioned Asian economies that still rely considerably on PH to address housing inequity? To fill in this gap, this study is based on Hong Kong being a regional exemplar during its 60 years of PH design progress against a persistent mismatch between the high demand for housing and the intermittent shortage in land supply, among other challenges. The pressing need to decentralize the increasing population in these overcrowded urban regions ushered in a new town development model to practically implement the Ten-year Housing Program by stages. doi = 10.1016/j.foar.2016.05.001 id = cord-330868-7ocseuz3 author = Donnelly, Christl A title = Epidemiological determinants of spread of causal agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong date = 2003-05-24 keywords = Hong; Kong; SARS summary = Public-health interventions included encouragement to report to hospital rapidly after the onset of clinical symptoms, contact tracing for confirmed and suspected cases, and quarantining, monitoring, and restricting the travel of contacts. Public-health interventions included encouragement to report to hospital rapidly after the onset of clinical symptoms, contact tracing for confirmed and suspected cases, and quarantining, monitoring, and restricting the travel of contacts. Key epidemiological determinants of the magnitude and timescale of the epidemic (figure 1) include the interval between infection and onset of symptoms and between onset and hospital admission, the degree and duration of the infectiousness of the agent, and the extent of contact and mixing between infectious and susceptible people enabling transmission of the virus. If ␥ distribution is assumed, the estimated distributions and case fatality rate varied as a function of patients'' age, but not the time from onset to admission (figure 2). doi = 10.1016/s0140-6736(03)13410-1 id = cord-310337-vw4cno4p author = Du, Yaxing title = Improving pedestrian level low wind velocity environment in high-density cities: A general framework and case study date = 2018-08-04 keywords = Hong; Kong; environment; wind summary = title: Improving pedestrian level low wind velocity environment in high-density cities: A general framework and case study To improve the low wind velocity environment at pedestrian level in high-density cities, a general framework and detailed guidelines are needed. This study is the first time to develop such a framework, and provide detailed guidelines for improving pedestrian level low wind velocity environment in high-density cities. A flow chart of the design framework for improving the pedestrian level low wind velocity environment in a high-density city is shown in Fig. 1 . Several studies have investigated the effect of the lift-up design on improving low wind velocity environment in high-density cities. The above mentioned studies confirm that the lift-up design is a promising solution for low wind velocity environments in densely built urban areas, especially at pedestrian level. A general design framework was developed, and detailed guidelines on improving the pedestrian level low wind velocity environment in high-density cities were offered. doi = 10.1016/j.scs.2018.08.001 id = cord-293403-o1i999hy author = Holliday, Ian title = E-health in the East Asian tigers date = 2004-09-11 keywords = Hong; Kong; Taiwan; east; internet summary = doi = 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2004.08.001 id = cord-301418-tj70iv4v author = Hui, Eddie Chi Man title = Examining structural changes in Asian offices market date = 2012-12-27 keywords = Hong; Kong; market summary = doi = 10.1016/j.landusepol.2012.11.012 id = cord-314734-ai0hz4uq author = Hung, Ivan Fan-Ngai title = SARS-CoV-2 shedding and seroconversion among passengers quarantined after disembarking a cruise ship: a case series date = 2020-06-12 keywords = Hong; Kong; SARS summary = Thus, the Diamond Princess cruise ship, which was quarantined because of an onboard outbreak of COVID-19 in February, 2020, provides an opportunity to define the shedding pattern of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and patient antibody responses before and after the onset of symptoms. Participants were prospectively screened by quantitative RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) of nasopharyngeal and throat swabs, and serum IgG and IgM against internal nucleoprotein and the surface spike receptor-binding protein (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 at baseline (upon entering quarantine) and on days 4, 8, and 12 of quarantine. Evidence before this study We searched PubMed on March 14, 2020, with no date restrictions, for articles in English, using the terms "Covid-19", "coronavirus", "antibody", "viral load", "cruise ship", "quarantine", "shedding", and "seroconversion". By Feb 20, 2020, 76 passengers from Hong Kong were hospitalised in Japan after testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 by throat swab RT-PCR, of whom two individuals died from complications of the infection (appendix). doi = 10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30364-9 id = cord-331835-nuhrd92z author = Hung, Kevin K. C. title = The role of the hotel industry in the response to emerging epidemics: a case study of SARS in 2003 and H1N1 swine flu in 2009 in Hong Kong date = 2018-11-27 keywords = Hong; Kong; SARS summary = title: The role of the hotel industry in the response to emerging epidemics: a case study of SARS in 2003 and H1N1 swine flu in 2009 in Hong Kong METHODS: This case study focuses on the epidemic outbreaks of SARS in 2003 and H1N1 swine flu in 2009 in Hong Kong, and the subsequent guidelines published by the health authority in relation to the hotel industry in Hong Kong which provide the backbone for discussion. This case study will use the example of the Metropole Hotel in Hong Kong in the international spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in 2003, and the effect of the government mandated quarantine of the Metropark Hotel during the swine flu 2009 in Hong Kong. After the SARS outbreak in Hong Kong the health authority established the Guidelines for Hotels in Preventing Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) [24] doi = 10.1186/s12992-018-0438-6 id = cord-272526-2fgtjouu author = Hutton, Thomas A title = Service industries, globalization, and urban restructuring within the Asia-Pacific: new development trajectories and planning responses date = 2003-05-30 keywords = Asia; Atlantic; Hong; Kong; Pacific; Shanghai; Singapore; Tokyo; Vancouver; city; industry; service; urban summary = 5 5 In general scholarly attention to the growth and development of service activities has evolved as follows: (a) an early interest in the growth of high-rise offices in the CBDs of the largest metropolitan cities, including important theoretical and conceptual contributions (Gottmann, 1961) , (b) a stream of empirical studies of office location, emphasizing regional policy implications and urban planning problems (Daniels, 1975; Goddard, 1975) , (c) growing interest in the social ramifications of services growth (Bell, 1973) , (d) a sharper analytical focus on business, ''producer'' and other intermediate services, and their role in urban and regional development (Noyelle and Stanback, 1984) , and in the operation of ''flexible'' industrial regimes, (e) assessments of the global dimensions of services development, especially in banking and finance, as well as in producer services and communications (Daniels, 1993 ), (f) acknowledgement of the importance of specialized services in the emergence of the ''informational city'' and urban society (Castells, 1989) , and (g) explorations of the intersections between tertiarization, occupational shifts, urban class (re)formation, and community-level impacts, especially in the metropolitan core (Ley, 1996) . doi = 10.1016/s0305-9006(03)00013-8 id = cord-340993-qb9jlt9f author = Kai Hou, Wai title = Threat to democracy: Physical and mental health impact of democracy movement in Hong Kong date = 2015-11-01 keywords = Hong; Kong; Movement; resource summary = Respondents gave their informed consent and reported personal, social, and economic resource loss since the Umbrella Movement (Conservation of Resources-Evaluation), current anxiety symptoms (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) and depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), and self-rated health (1=very good, 4=very bad). Multivariable regressions revealed that personal and social resource loss was associated with higher anxiety and depressive symptoms and greater odds of "very poor" health (adjusted odds ratios/incidence rate ratios=5–102%), independent of lower education level and income and being unmarried. Social or political unrest has the power of depleting internal and external resources and contributes to poorer mental and physical health (Hall et al., 2014; Hobfoll, 1998 Hobfoll, , 2009 , but very few studies to date have reported the psychological and health impact Table 2 Adjusted odds ratios/incidence rate ratios for higher anxiety and depressive symptoms and poorer self-rated health by personal, social, and economic resource loss, socioeconomic resources (education, income, employment status, and marital status), and other demographics. doi = 10.1016/j.jad.2015.07.005 id = cord-253111-n5ywei4t author = Keck, Frédéric title = Avian preparedness: simulations of bird diseases and reverse scenarios of extinction in Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Singapore date = 2018-04-14 keywords = Hong; Kong; Singapore; Taiwan; bird; human; simulation summary = doi = 10.1111/1467-9655.12813 id = cord-316860-60mrbgwg author = Keck, Frédéric title = Birds as sentinels for pandemic influenza date = 2014-05-28 keywords = Hong; Kong summary = doi = 10.1057/biosoc.2014.9 id = cord-000617-8m7spnxj author = Kim, Jean H. title = Knowledge of Avian Influenza (H5N1) among Poultry Workers, Hong Kong, China date = 2011-12-17 keywords = Hong; Kong summary = doi = 10.3201/eid1712.110321 id = cord-019032-vdiaexbw author = Kshetri, Nir title = China date = 2020 keywords = China; Council; GDP; Hong; January; July; Kong; March; People; Taiwan; USA; chinese summary = doi = 10.1057/978-1-349-95940-2_49 id = cord-290965-7qs4w9xh author = Kwok, W. C. title = Border Restriction as a Public Health Measureto Limit Outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date = 2020-11-03 keywords = Hong; Kong summary = doi = 10.1101/2020.10.29.20222190 id = cord-017995-azqjvxtu author = Kwong, Kim-hung title = Spatial Components in Disease Modelling date = 2010 keywords = Hong; Kong; SARS summary = doi = 10.1007/978-3-642-12156-2_30 id = cord-342989-9ie8mx4l author = Lam, Simon Ching title = Perceived Risk and Protection From Infection and Depressive Symptoms Among Healthcare Workers in Mainland China and Hong Kong During COVID-19 date = 2020-07-15 keywords = Hong; Kong; covid-19 summary = However, what remains largely absent from the literature to date, is an examination of actual pandemic situations and if perceived risk (vulnerability and fear of contracting) and mitigations (effectiveness of face masks and knowledge of COVID-19) are associated with mental health difficulties, such as depression, in physicians and nurses. Among the health beliefs, feeling susceptible and fearful of contracting COVID-19, as well as difficulty obtaining face masks are associated with higher risk of depression ( Table 4) . To our knowledge, we are the first group to report the mental health status, specifically depression, among a large sample of HCWs across both the pandemic and non-pandemic regions of China as well as Hong Kong and to examine the relevance of perceived risk and protection from infection in relation to depression. doi = 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00686 id = cord-305421-jaaqvzfd author = Lau, Joseph T.F. title = Perceptions related to human avian influenza and their associations with anticipated psychological and behavioral responses at the onset of outbreak in the Hong Kong Chinese general population date = 2007-02-28 keywords = H5N1; Hong summary = Respondents were asked their perceptions about anticipated bird-to-human H5N1 outbreak in Hong Kong, including medical-related perceptions (perceived fatality, physical harm to patients, whether symptoms would be similar to those of SARS); preparedness of the local health authorities (adequacy of vaccines, medicine for treatment, and hospital infection control); susceptibility of one''s family members to avian influenza infection; and comparisons between consequences of an anticipated avian influenza epidemic with those of the SARS epidemic (in terms of infectivity, impact on oneself and his/her family, economic impacts, duration of the epidemic, and total number of people affected). doi = 10.1016/j.ajic.2006.07.010 id = cord-307307-b5yl88mh author = Lau, Joseph TF title = Avoidance behaviors and negative psychological responses in the general population in the initial stage of the H1N1 pandemic in Hong Kong date = 2010-05-28 keywords = H1N1; Hong; Kong summary = doi = 10.1186/1471-2334-10-139 id = cord-338054-n2r4pzan author = Lau, Joseph TF title = Anticipated and current preventive behaviors in response to an anticipated human-to-human H5N1 epidemic in the Hong Kong Chinese general population date = 2007-03-15 keywords = Hong; SARS summary = Respondents were asked how likely they would be to adopt the following preventive behaviors if a local human-to-human H5N1 outbreak (defined as "if 2-3 new human-to-human transmission of H5N1 cases were to be reported in Hong Kong") were to occur: face mask use in public venues, increased frequency of handwashing, avoidance of eating poultry, declaration of influenzalike illness (ILI) symptoms at border health checkpoints, the seeking of medical consultation immediately with the onset of a fever, face mask use in public venues when having ILI symptoms and compliance with any quarantine policies. Respondents were asked about perceptions related to human-to-human H5N1 transmission, including perceived modes of transmission (whether human-to-human transmission of the H5N1 virus could occur via respiratory droplets, bodily contact, contaminated objects, eating well-cooked poultry), perceived susceptibility to H5N1 in different groups of people (self, family members, children, adults, older people, health care workers, food handlers, food vendors and the general public), perceived chance of having a major outbreak in Hong Kong in the next 12 months and perceived efficacy of various prevention measures (quarantine of infected people, face mask use in public venues, frequent handwashing, home disinfection, mass extermination of poultry). doi = 10.1186/1471-2334-7-18 id = cord-017080-erbftqgh author = Lau, Stephen S.Y. title = Physical Environment of Tall Residential Buildings: The Case of Hong Kong date = 2010-12-12 keywords = Hong; Kong; air; building; high summary = doi = 10.1007/978-90-481-9738-5_3 id = cord-256163-62cc135r author = Laurie Lau, Yiu Chung title = Cybercrime in cloud: Risks and responses in Hong Kong, Singapore date = 2015-06-05 keywords = Asia; Hong; Kong; Singapore; cloud; crime summary = doi = 10.1016/b978-0-12-801595-7.00002-1 id = cord-323190-wisaamn7 author = Law, Chi-kin title = Temporal patterns of charcoal burning suicides among the working age population in Hong Kong SAR: the influence of economic activity status and sex date = 2012-07-06 keywords = Hong; Kong; suicide summary = title: Temporal patterns of charcoal burning suicides among the working age population in Hong Kong SAR: the influence of economic activity status and sex RESULTS: Our findings revealed pronounced monthly and daily temporal variations in the pattern of charcoal burning suicides in Hong Kong. In addition to economic activity status, sex difference may also influence the temporal pattern of charcoal burning suicides. The present study aims to fill these gaps in the existing research by examining the temporal asymmetries in the monthly and daily distributions of charcoal burning suicides in Hong Kong. In particular, the study will examine the temporal variations of charcoal burning suicides in relation to the economic activity status and sex of victims of usual working age (20-59). Thus, a total of 498 working men, 203 working women, 571 non-working men, and 307 non-working women were included in the analysis of the influence of economic activity status and sex on the temporal variation in charcoal burning suicides. doi = 10.1186/1471-2458-12-505 id = cord-284028-l0r7f9sr author = Lee, Chi-Wei title = A loophole in international quarantine procedures disclosed during the SARS crisis date = 2004-12-30 keywords = Hong; Kong; SARS summary = This phenomenon revealed a loophole in the control mechanisms of international quarantine procedures, letting travelers carrying a highly contagious virus slip by undetected and causing possible multi-country outbreaks of communicable diseases. Reasons for its rapid global spread were the highly contagious nature of the virus with its air-borne route of infection, the busy links between affected countries, and probably inadequacies in international quarantine procedures. As shown in Tables 1 and 2, although none of the six patients were eventually diagnosed wild SARS, this observed phenomenon disclosed a very important loophole in the control aspect of international quarantine procedures: the inability to prevent persons with a highly contagious virus from slipping past undetected and thus preventing the further spread of epidemics like SARS on international travel routes. In this study, we identified that there were loopholes in the international quarantine system for controlling the international spread of contagious disease like SARS, especially when travelers lack a strong motivation to cooperate with national health authorities. doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2004.10.002 id = cord-326749-t727v0zt author = Lee, P. title = Probabilistic risk assessment of the energy saving shortfall in energy performance contracting projects–A case study date = 2013-07-16 keywords = EPC; Hong; Kong; energy; saving summary = This paper proposes a simulation-based method to evaluate the probability of energy saving shortfall taking into account the variations in the influential parameters, including weather conditions, occupancy, operating hours, thermostat set-point, etc., during the contract period. Empirical data is also used to develop the probability distribution functions for the identified parameters to simulate the actual yearly variations in the post-retrofit conditions. This paper aims at developing a simulation-based method to evaluate the probability of energy saving shortfall taking into account the variations in the influential parameters. Monte Carlo simulation is performed to generate a common set of post-retrofit condition data based on the PDF of the selected parameters. A risk analysis tool based on Monte Carlo simulation (@Risk) [44] was utilised to generate 10,000 common data sets of 7 input parameters for two calibrated building energy models. doi = 10.1016/j.enbuild.2013.07.018 id = cord-318119-h0vnfcuq author = Lee, S. H. title = Site verification and modeling of desiccant-based system as an alternative to conventional air-conditioning systems for wet markets date = 2013-06-15 keywords = Hong; Kong; system summary = A parametric study under various ventilation rates indicated that use of desiccant cooling system in wet markets in hot and humid Hong Kong would lead to energy and energy cost savings, as well as CO2 emission reduction amounting from 1% to 13%. Energy simulation based on the site survey results (including occupancy, lighting and small power densities and occupation patterns), average space air-conditions as indoor set-point conditions (25.2 C dry-bulb and 65.8% RH), building envelop details (Table 1) , and physical geometry of the wet-market were input to EnergyPlus for simulating the annual energy use of the major equipments. The study results revealed that use of desiccant cooling system in wet markets in hot and humid Hong Kong would lead to energy, energy cost and CO 2 emission reduction up to 13% when the ventilation rate is 20 L/s/person. doi = 10.1016/j.energy.2013.04.029 id = cord-348636-qqcb85uk author = Lekone, Phenyo E. title = Bayesian Analysis of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome: The 2003 Hong Kong Epidemic date = 2008-07-09 keywords = Hong; SARS summary = This paper analyzes data arising from a Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) epidemic in Hong Kong in 2003 involving 1755 cases. Applying the method to SARS data from Hong Kong, a value of 3.88 with a posterior standard deviation of 0.09 was estimated for the basic reproduction number. A reduction in the transmission parameter during the course of the epidemic forced the effective reproduction number to cross the threshold value of one, seven days after control interventions were introduced. These parameters were obtained using maximum likelihood estimation methods assuming a gamma distribution for each period with allowance for censoring due to incomplete observation. A simple model that captures the form of distributions of epidemiological determinants has been introduced to estimate the basic reproduction number and to assess the effect of control interventions introduced during the course of the epidemic. doi = 10.1002/bimj.200710431 id = cord-310651-pxfwe67t author = Leung, Gabriel M. title = SARS-CoV Antibody Prevalence in All Hong Kong Patient Contacts date = 2004-09-17 keywords = Hong; SARS summary = A total of 1,068 asymptomatic close contacts of patients with severe acute respiratory (SARS) from the 2003 epidemic in Hong Kong were serologically tested, and 2 (0.19%) were positive for SARS coronavirus immunoglobulin G antibody. Serologic surveys can be based on a random sample from the total population with appropriate stratification, on serum collected for other reasons (e.g., blood donors, all hospital admissions), or on surveys of persons who resided in sites of superspreading events or who have had close contact with a confirmed SARS patient. During the epidemic, close contacts were prospectively identified by the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government Department of Health through standardized telephone interviews with all 1,755 confirmed SARS patients within 1 week of hospital admission (February 15-June 22, 2003). doi = 10.3201/eid1009.040155 id = cord-288698-3e44z9p0 author = Li, Kui-Wai title = The economic strategy for the Hong Kong SAR: Evidence from productivity and cost analysis date = 2005-08-31 keywords = Hong; Kong; service summary = Abstract By using a growth accounting framework for the period 1980–2000, this paper estimates Hong Kong''s total factor productivity and unit labor cost of twenty industries classified into three economic sectors of tradable goods, tradable services and non-tradable services. This paper expanded the data used in Imai (2001) and followed the classification of economic sectors used in Wong and Tao (2000) , and extended the empirical analysis by comparing total factor productivity (TFP) with unlit labor cost analysis. With the exception of mining and quarrying that occupied only a small portion of GDP, individual industries that showed a positive geometric percentage growth in unit labor cost belong mainly to the non-tradable services (construction; community, social and personal services; real estate; restaurant and wholesale) and some tradable services (insurance; land transport; other transport services; business services and financing). doi = 10.1016/j.asieco.2005.06.008 id = cord-321075-cvlq4i8c author = Li, Mimi title = A spatial–temporal analysis of hotels in urban tourism destination date = 2014-12-11 keywords = GIS; Hong; Kong; hotel summary = doi = 10.1016/j.ijhm.2014.11.005 id = cord-000266-xwfptmmv author = Liao, Qiuyan title = Situational Awareness and Health Protective Responses to Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) in Hong Kong: A Cross-Sectional Study date = 2010-10-12 keywords = H1N1; Hong; Kong; self; worry summary = METHODOLOGY: Data from cross-sectional telephone interviews of 1,001 Hong Kong adults in June, 2009 were tested against theory and data-derived hypothesized associations between trust in (formal/informal) information, understanding, self-efficacy, perceived susceptibility and worry, and hand hygiene and social distancing using Structural Equation Modelling with multigroup comparisons. We report on a theoretical model that incorporated elements of influenza causal knowledge, perceived self-efficacy and also social and affective influences ( Figure 1 ) because these latter variables have been less frequently studied in combination, but have theoretical and logical support for their potential importance in the context of RIDs. We tested this model against data collected in the early phase of the influenza A/H1N1 pandemic (Table S1 ) to examine how levels of trust in formal and informal sources of risk/prevention information associated with hand washing and social distancing. doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0013350 id = cord-000336-57es391o author = Liao, Qiuyan title = Factors Affecting Intention to Receive and Self-Reported Receipt of 2009 Pandemic (H1N1) Vaccine in Hong Kong: A Longitudinal Study date = 2011-03-11 keywords = Hong; Kong; TPB; vaccination summary = doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0017713 id = cord-272207-jtvf257r author = Liao, Qiuyan title = Anxiety, worry and cognitive risk estimate in relation to protective behaviors during the 2009 influenza A/H1N1 pandemic in Hong Kong: ten cross-sectional surveys date = 2014-03-27 keywords = H1N1; Hong; Kong summary = doi = 10.1186/1471-2334-14-169 id = cord-262545-bs8p50ig author = Luk, Andrea O. Y. title = Secular trends in incidence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in Hong Kong: A retrospective cohort study date = 2020-02-20 keywords = Hong; Kong; type summary = From the 2012-2014 National Health Insurance Service database containing 706 physician-reported cases of type 1 diabetes in children aged <15 years in South Korea, Kim and colleagues reported an incidence of 3.2 per 100,000 person-years, which was 2.3-fold higher compared with the rate recorded in the earlier period of 1995-2000 [13] . Based on retrospective retrieval of 255 paediatric cases of newly diagnosed diabetes between 1984 and 1996, Huen and colleagues recorded an incidence of 1.4 per 100,000 person-years for type 1 diabetes in children aged <15 years in Hong Kong, which was considerably lower than our updated estimates of 5.3-6.4 per 100,000 person-years in a comparable age group [14] . In the present study, 60% of incident cases of diabetes in people aged <20 years were type 2 diabetes. In this report on the secular trend of the incidence of diabetes in Hong Kong, we revealed that the incidence of type 1 diabetes increased in people aged <20 years and was stable in other age groups. doi = 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003052 id = cord-258307-nsdhvc8w author = Maki, Dennis G. title = SARS Revisited: The Challenge of Controlling Emerging Infectious Diseases at the Local, Regional, Federal, and Global Levels date = 2011-10-20 keywords = Hong; Kong; SARS; acute; severe summary = doi = 10.4065/79.11.1359 id = cord-034317-bhzctz87 author = Ngan, Olivia Miu Yung title = Evolution of bioethics education in the medical programme: a tale of two medical schools date = 2020-10-27 keywords = Hong; Kong; bioethic; medical summary = doi = 10.1007/s40889-020-00112-0 id = cord-269623-9pxdeva3 author = Nicholson, Karl G title = Influenza date = 2003-11-22 keywords = H5N1; Hong; influenza; vaccine; virus summary = The contrast between recent cases of H5N1 infection, associated with high mortality, and the typically mild, self-limiting nature of human infections with avian H7N7 and H9N2 influenza shows the gaps in our understanding of molecular correlates of pathogenicity and underlines the need for continuing international research into pandemic influenza. We gave priority to randomised controlled trials when available, to larger studies, articles published in high-impact journals that have a wide readership, and the systematic review and economic decision modelling, for the prevention and treatment of influenza, commissioned by the Health Technology Assessment Programme on behalf of the National Institute of Clinical Excellence. A meta-analysis of reports published before 2001 showed that vaccination reduces numbers of cases of influenza-like illness by 35%, hospital admissions for pneumonia and influenza by 47%, and all-cause mortality by 50%. doi = 10.1016/s0140-6736(03)14854-4 id = cord-353308-e4s8el0s author = Parashar, Umesh D title = Severe acute respiratory syndrome: review and lessons of the 2003 outbreak date = 2004-05-20 keywords = Hong; Kong; SARS; respiratory summary = This dramatic chain of transmission brought to the world''s attention this new respiratory disease, called severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and clearly illustrated the potential for SARS to spread extensively from a single infected person and to rapidly disseminate globally through air travel. Diarrhoea has been reported at presentation in approximately 25% of patients, although this symptom was observed in as many as 73% of all patients affected by an outbreak at an apartment complex in Hong Kong that is believed to have resulted from fecal-oral/respiratory transmission of SARS-CoV. [53] [54] [55] [56] Given that profuse watery diarrhoea is seen in a significant proportion of patients and SARS-CoV can be shed in large quantities in stool, faeces remain a possible source of virus and fecal-oral or fecal-respiratory spread are the leading hypotheses for a large outbreak affecting more than 300 people at an apartment complex in Hong Kong. Fatal severe acute respiratory syndrome is associated with multiorgan involvement by coronavirus (SARS-CoV) doi = 10.1093/ije/dyh198 id = cord-269612-pmzdovna author = Pennington, Hugh title = Politics, media and microbiologists date = 2004 keywords = Hong; Kong; SARS summary = doi = 10.1038/nrmicro846 id = cord-311026-mpr3xb2a author = Petersen, Eskild title = COVID-19–We urgently need to start developing an exit strategy date = 2020-04-29 keywords = COVID-19; Hong; Kong; PDF; SARS summary = Another approach could be to open travel from countries with good surveillance systems, transparent reporting, and few local cases where risk of importing infected cases would be low. Thus, public health capabilities for case identification and isolation must be expanded probably permanently; tools can include physical inspection or use of electronic devices, such as mobile phone-based surveillance and point of care tests as used in Taiwan, Korea and Oman, summarized in table 3. Despite the city state''s strict contact-tracing, quarantining and travel restrictions, a second wave of infections from returning residents and local transmissions saw cases spike from 100 to 1,000 in one month (SCMP 3 rd April). This initial public health response included travel bans from countries with high levels of community transmission and 14-day mandatory quarantine for all returning travelers from those countries; school closures; cancellation of gatherings of more than 100 people; and expanding testing and isolation capacity. doi = 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.04.035 id = cord-351225-dq0xu85c author = Poutanen, Susan M. title = Transmission and control of SARS date = 2004 keywords = Hong; SARS; transmission summary = During the outbreak, it was evident that SARS was readily transmissible from person to person, especially in health Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was first recognized in China in November 2002 and was subsequently associated with a worldwide outbreak involving 8098 people, 774 of whom died. Evidence for this includes studies in Hong Kong and Toronto, Canada that show an increased risk for SARS in health care workers who entered the room of a patient with SARS, with increasing risk in those with closer proximity to the patient and those remaining in the room for a longer duration, suggesting that transmission is enhanced by close, prolonged contact [19•,20 •] In addition, an increased risk in household members of patients with SARS has been shown in those who had close, prolonged contact with the index person, and in particular, in those who shared a bed, reported being within 1 meter of the index person, and dined together [21•] . doi = 10.1007/s11908-004-0012-7 id = cord-334612-lxqcvqca author = Rao, Nirmala title = Sars, preschool routines and children’s behaviour: Observations from preschools in Hong Kong date = 2006 keywords = Hong; Kong; SARS summary = This paper considers the influence of the SARS epidemic on children''s routines and behaviour when preschools re-opened, after a six-week closure. Items on the survey fell into 6 categories including: Information about the preschool and children (21 questions); Routines before the SARS outbreak (4 questions); Learning during School Closure (2 questions); Preparing the kindergarten for re-opening (2 questions); Students return to kindergartens (18 questions); Lessons from SARS (4 questions); and Demographic information about the observers. The 18 items on Students'' return to kindergartens included questions on Daily routines (3 questions); Health issues (2 questions); Social Interaction among children (6 questions); Preschool Management (3 questions); and School Holidays (4 questions). During the SARS outbreak, the Education and Manpower Bureau of the Hong Kong Government issued a curriculum for children ranging in age from 3-6 years. As mentioned earlier the Education and Manpower Bureau of the Hong Kong Government developed a programme for preschool children on SARS. doi = 10.1007/bf03168205 id = cord-351030-jqqxqjzf author = Rui, M. title = A Sparse Gaussian Network Model for Prediction the Growth Trend of COVID-19 Overseas Import Case: When can Hong Kong Lift the International Traffic Blockad? date = 2020-05-16 keywords = Hong; Kong summary = title: A Sparse Gaussian Network Model for Prediction the Growth Trend of COVID-19 Overseas Import Case: When can Hong Kong Lift the International Traffic Blockad? This article establishes an epidemic spread relationship network between Hong Kong and various countries and regions around the world and build a regression model based on network information to fit Hong Kong''s COV-19 epidemic growth data. Therefore, this article first uses the SEIJR model to predict the growth curve of the number of local diagnoses in countries and regions related to Hong Kong. This result shows that we can use the data based on the relation network to fit the existing case growth situation in Hong Kong. 13.20099978 doi: medRxiv preprint Finally, we used the SEJIR model to simulate the cumulative case growth data of 23 countries and regions related to Hong Kong. doi = 10.1101/2020.05.13.20099978 id = cord-260503-yq4dtf8n author = SAMARANAYAKE, LAKSHMAN P. title = Severe acute respiratory syndrome and dentistry A retrospective view date = 2004-09-30 keywords = Hong; Kong; SARS; disease; patient summary = Objectives The authors trace the emergence of the SARS outbreak from southern China and its spread worldwide, discuss the viral etiology of the infection and its clinical features, and review the infection control guidelines issued during the outbreak by the health authorities in Hong Kong, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the World Health Organization and the American Dental Association. Conclusions and Clinical Implications Researchers believe that a combination of factors, including the universal infection control measures that the dental community has implemented and/or the low degree of viral shedding in the prodromal phase of SARS, may have obviated the spread of the disease in dental settings. Interim domestic infection control precautions for aerosol-generating procedures on C L I N I C A L P R A C T I C E patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) doi = 10.14219/jada.archive.2004.0405 id = cord-286705-biundkbv author = Shek, Daniel T. L. title = Protests in Hong Kong (2019–2020): a Perspective Based on Quality of Life and Well-Being date = 2020-03-13 keywords = China; Government; Hong; Kong; people; social summary = doi = 10.1007/s11482-020-09825-2 id = cord-269213-tsm6zoe3 author = Slaughter, Laura title = A framework for capturing the interactions between laypersons’ understanding of disease, information gathering behaviors, and actions taken during an epidemic date = 2005-01-30 keywords = Hong; Kong; SARS; action; information summary = This paper provides a description of a methodological framework designed to capture the inter-relationships between the lay publics'' understanding of health-related processes, information gathering behaviors, and actions taken during an outbreak. This methodological framework, based on narrative analysis, is a tool for learning about how laypersons use information to build representations of an epidemic situation and how the results of this process influence their decisions to act. For example, the interview texts also result in a list of information needs expressed by the lay public concerning an outbreak as well as a general list of actions taken for SARS prevention. The arrangement of the interview into time periods (before, during, and upcoming events related to the epidemic) facilitates the data analysis when looking at the interactions and influences between informa-tion received, lay understanding, and actions taken. doi = 10.1016/j.jbi.2004.12.006 id = cord-272759-dqkjofw2 author = Small, Michael title = Super-spreaders and the rate of transmission of the SARS virus date = 2006-03-15 keywords = Hong; SARS summary = doi = 10.1016/j.physd.2006.01.021 id = cord-276820-l7bd5y8y author = So, Winnie K.W. title = The knowledge level and precautionary measures taken by older adults during the SARS outbreak in Hong Kong date = 2004-11-30 keywords = Hong; Kong; SARS summary = doi = 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2004.04.004 id = cord-331244-zaguyxm5 author = Stephenson, Iain title = Confronting the avian influenza threat: vaccine development for a potential pandemic date = 2004-07-30 keywords = H5N1; H9N2; Hong; influenza; virus summary = In clinical trials, conventional surfaceantigen influenza virus vaccines produced from avian viruses have proved poorly immunogenic in immunologically naive populations. In clinical trials, conventional surfaceantigen influenza virus vaccines produced from avian viruses have proved poorly immunogenic in immunologically naive populations. The main antigenic determinants of influenza A and B viruses are two surface glycoproteins: the neuraminidase and the haemagglutinin, both capable of eliciting immune responses in human beings. Pandemic influenza viruses arise by this process of "antigenic shift", when a virus with a new haemagglutinin subtype emerges and spreads efficiently in a naive human population. 14 These reassortant viruses have haemagglutinin receptor-binding sequences potentially capable of human infection, suggesting that new viruses may emerge directly from the avian pool. Improved understanding of the antigenic and molecular associations between potential pandemic strains of same subtype Improved understanding of immunogenicity against drifted avian influenza strains is required as the ability to generate broad crossprotective immunity is desirable in vaccine candidate. doi = 10.1016/s1473-3099(04)01105-3 id = cord-350328-wu1ygt6w author = Tambyah, P. A. title = SARS: responding to an unknown virus date = 2004-07-14 keywords = Hong; SARS; Singapore summary = The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is an emerging infection caused by a novel coronavirus which first appeared in southern China at the end of 2002. The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a newly recognized coronavirus infection that emerged in southern China [1] with subsequent global spread to 29 countries [2] [3] [4] [5] . The newly infected individuals traveled onward to their homes or next destinations in the USA, Canada, Singapore, Hong Kong and Ireland sparking off epidemics of varying degrees of severity in each of those countries, mainly in hospitals but also in their respective communities. A directive had gone out from the Hong Kong Department of Health on 21 February 2003 to maintain strict infection control with droplet precautions for all cases of "atypical" community-acquired pneumonia because of concerns that highly pathogenic avian influenza might be easily transmissible from person to person. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Singapore: clinical features of index patient and initial contacts doi = 10.1007/s10096-004-1175-8 id = cord-326339-46imi33v author = Tang, A. C. Y. title = Associations between Demographic Characteristics, Perceived Threat, Perceived Stress, Coping Responses and Adherence to COVID-19 Prevention Measures among Healthcare Students in China: A Cross-Sectional Survey with Implications for the Control of COVID-19 date = 2020-07-16 keywords = COVID-19; Fujian; Hong; Kong summary = doi = 10.1101/2020.07.15.20154997 id = cord-296573-4c9gch5b author = To, Kelvin KW title = The emergence of influenza A H7N9 in human beings 16 years after influenza A H5N1: a tale of two cities date = 2013-08-19 keywords = H5N1; H7N9; Hong; infl; uenza summary = doi = 10.1016/s1473-3099(13)70167-1 id = cord-330206-34vgo3q5 author = To, W.M. title = Association between energy use and poor visibility in Hong Kong SAR, China date = 2014-04-15 keywords = Hong; Kong; visibility summary = Hence, only Table 1 Import of fossil fuels (primary source of energy) in 1971, 1976, 1981, 1986, 1991, 1996, 2001, 2006 the number of hours of reduced visibility at the Hong Kong Observatory will be used to correlate with fuel uses and in multiple regression analysis because this dataset has a much longer history of forty-one years. Bivariate correlation was performed between the visibility data recorded at the Hong Kong Observatory, the imported energy of each fossil fuel, and meteorological variables including the annual mean air temperature in C, annual mean atmospheric pressure in hPa, annual mean relative humidity in percent, annual total rainfall in mm, and the annual mean wind speed in km/hr. The monthly data of mean air temperature, mean atmospheric pressure, mean relative humidity, total rainfall recorded at the Hong Kong Observatory and mean wind speed recorded at Waglan Table 2 Bivariate correlation between visibility and the imported energy of each fossil fuel. doi = 10.1016/j.energy.2014.02.062 id = cord-008841-r17qhfsj author = Tomlinson, Brian title = SARS: experience at Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong date = 2003-05-03 keywords = Hong; SARS summary = doi = 10.1016/s0140-6736(03)13218-7 id = cord-327819-7p05jk1h author = Trampuz, Andrej title = Avian Influenza: A New Pandemic Threat? date = 2004-04-30 keywords = H5N1; Hong; avian; influenza summary = 13 The nomenclature of influenza viruses includes the type of virus (A, B, or C), host of origin (excluding humans), geographical site of origin, strain number, and year of isolation, followed in parentheses by the antigenic description of the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase glycoproteins, eg, A/chicken/Hong Kong/258/97 (H5N1). 18 Other control measures include continuous surveillance of influenza virus strains in humans and in birds, careful protection of cullers through appropriate personal protective equipment, restrictions on the movement of live poultry, and use of the human influenza vaccine to reduce the risk of coinfection in poultry workers and cullers. In 1997, the first documented direct transmission of an avian influenza virus to humans occurred in Hong Kong, when an H5N1 strain caused a severe respiratory disease in 18 previously healthy young adults, 6 of whom died. On January 23, 2004, authorities in Thailand reported an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza among poultry, with laboratory-confirmed cases of H5N1 infection in humans. doi = 10.4065/79.4.523 id = cord-273638-mmlwh87u author = Tso, Ivy F. title = Alarming levels of psychiatric symptoms and the role of loneliness during the COVID-19 epidemic: A case study of Hong Kong date = 2020-08-23 keywords = COVID-19; Hong; Kong summary = doi = 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113423 id = cord-260438-oezkz55m author = Tung, W.L. title = Financial volatility trading using a self-organising neural-fuzzy semantic network and option straddle-based approach date = 2010-08-20 keywords = EMA; HSI; Hong; Kong; MACD; trading; volatility summary = doi = 10.1016/j.eswa.2010.07.116 id = cord-021375-lca26xum author = Voelkner, Nadine title = Riding the Shi: From Infection Barriers to the Microbial City date = 2019-08-23 keywords = Hong; Kong; Macphail; chinese; human; virus summary = Taking its cue from the currently accepted germ theory of disease, such mechanisms render a global city like Hong Kong not only pervasively "on alert" and under threat of unpredictable and pathogenic viruses and other microbes, it also gives rise to a hygiene and antimicrobial politics that is never entirely able to control pathogenic circulation. Considering recent advances in gene sequencing in microbiology, through which a "vast diversity of microbial life in, on and around the human body" (Lorimer 2017, 544) has been identified as residing in complex relationality with one another, how befitting is it to fight infectious diseases by indiscriminately eliminating microbes through the use of antimicrobials and practicing urban hygiene as in the case of Hong Kong? Various scholars have noted how, much like Hong Kong in the face of SARS, global public health programs adopt an antimicrobial stance to the control and/or elimination of infectious diseases, however, which might prove to be counterproductive in securing human life (Macphail 2014; Methot and Alizon 2014; Fishel 2015 Fishel , 2017 White 2015; Hinchliffe et al. doi = 10.1093/ips/olz016 id = cord-306910-qwaoe5du author = Walline, Joseph Harold title = Quarantine Wristbands, Face Masks, and Personal Freedom in Hong Kong date = 2020-08-16 keywords = Hong summary = title: Quarantine Wristbands, Face Masks, and Personal Freedom in Hong Kong I write to share my perspective on responses to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic as an American emergency physician living in Hong Kong who was recently required to wear a tracker wristband and subjected to mandatory home quarantine. This home quarantine policy was part of a broader infection control system in Hong Kong involving universal hospitalization of all positive COVID-19 cases, exhaustive social contact tracing, and selective quarantining of high-risk individuals. When I arrived in Hong Kong, all adults and children older than age 6 years who had traveled anywhere other than Taiwan, Macau, and mainland China during the standard incubation period were required to undergo a mandatory 14-day home quarantine (this has since been upgraded to include mandatory testing) (3). In Hong Kong, the quarantine wristbands are a sign of a functioning public health system-even if they are merely strips of paper. doi = 10.1016/j.jemermed.2020.06.048 id = cord-313900-tx3m4gu4 author = Wan, Kin-Man title = Fighting COVID-19 in Hong Kong: The effects of community and social mobilization date = 2020-06-25 keywords = Hong; Kong; government summary = Considering the limited actions that the government has taken against the pandemic, we emphasize the prominent role of Hong Kong''s civil society through highlighting the strong and spontaneous mobilization of its local communities originating from their experiences during the SARS outbreak in 2003 and the social unrest in 2019, as well as their doubts regarding the pandemic assessments and recommendations of the HKSAR and WHO authorities. Paradoxically, the strong and spontaneous mobilization observed in Hong Kong was a consequence of the population''s devastating memories of the SARS outbreak in 2003 and the social unrest in 2019, as well as of their skepticism of the pandemic figures, assessments and recommendations given by the authorities of HKSAR, mainland China, and the World Health Organization (WHO). In the early stages of the pandemic (January to March), the rate of support for the Chief Executive was also recorded below 20 over 100, and less than 30% of the population trusted the government and were satisfied with the police force (Hong Kong Public Opinion Research Institute, 2020d; Ho, 2020). doi = 10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105055 id = cord-335644-gt1ey9wz author = Wang, Weiwen title = Air ventilation assessment under unstable atmospheric stratification — A comparative study for Hong Kong date = 2018-02-15 keywords = Fig; Hong; Kong; LES summary = This study is devoted to addressing this knowledge gap by cross-comparisons of field measurements, wind tunnel tests, and large-eddy simulations (LES) under neutral and unstable conditions. When thermal conditions, specifically unstable stratification, are considered in ventilation, there will be additional challenges: First, a larger model domain is required to catch the larger turbulent structures in unstable simulations than in the neutral condition, while the grid size has to be kept small to sufficiently resolve the street-level air flows [19] . The objective of this study is to demonstrate the knowledge gap between current practices and reality by comparing wind tunnel test results, field measurements, and a pair of LES experiments in Hong Kong, and to propose possible adaptations for future AVA practices based on the comparative results and knowledge of atmospheric boundaries under various conditions. In this case study, we cross-compare pedestrian-level VR taken from field measurements, wind tunnel tests, and a pair of LES experiments in a high-density area of Hong Kong. doi = 10.1016/j.buildenv.2017.12.018 id = cord-274112-6t0wpiqy author = Webby, RJ title = Responsiveness to a pandemic alert: use of reverse genetics for rapid development of influenza vaccines date = 2004-04-03 keywords = H5N1; Hong; vaccine; virus summary = doi = 10.1016/s0140-6736(04)15892-3 id = cord-350861-kxwgpymq author = Webster, Robert G. title = H5N1 Outbreaks and Enzootic Influenza date = 2006-01-17 keywords = H5N1; Hong; Kong summary = The highly pathogenic H5 virus reassorted its genome with those of other influenza viruses in aquatic birds, and the resulting viruses spread to domestic poultry farms, humans, and occasionally to pigs. Multiple opportunities exist for control of highly pathogenic avian influenza: 1) prevent contact between wild and domestic poultry by use of screened poultry houses and treated water; 2) prevent contact between domestic waterfowl and gallinaceous poultry by use of screened houses and treated water and by exclusion of waterfowl from "wet markets"; 3) eradicate H5/H7 influenza viruses from gallinaceous poultry by culling or the use of vaccines that prevent disease and transmission; 4) prevent contact between poultry, pigs, and humans and make vaccines and antiviral drugs available. After late 2002, when H5N1 viruses had killed waterfowl in Kowloon Park in Hong Kong, most avian H5N1 isolates isolated in Vietnam, Thailand, and Indonesia were highly pathogenic to chickens and domestic ducks. doi = 10.3201/eid1201.051024 id = cord-354832-lps2qbxy author = Wong, J. S. W. title = The Common Missed Handwashing Instances and Areas after 15 Years of Hand-Hygiene Education date = 2019-08-08 keywords = Hong; Kong; hand summary = Following the SARS outbreak in Hong Kong, proper hand hygiene has been widely promoted in multiple contexts, focusing on the instances when hands should be washed as well as the duration and technique of handwashing. However, there are few studies that evaluate the compliance of Hong Kong people in this area or the effectiveness of their handwashing after 15 years of health education on this topic. In Hong Kong, the CHP advocates proper handwashing practice to the public aligned with the CDC in the United States, the National Health Service (NHS) in the United Kingdom, the Public Health Agency of Canada, and the Global Handwashing Partnership which includes washing one''s hands with water and soap before and after at least eight specific situations; the process comprises six steps over seven areas of both hands for no less than 20 seconds [22] . doi = 10.1155/2019/5928924 id = cord-343941-nfdplszh author = Wong, Lai-yi title = A herbal formula for prevention of influenza-like syndrome: A double-blind randomized clinical trial date = 2013-04-02 keywords = Hong; Kong; herbal summary = OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of a herbal formula in the prevention of influenza or influenza-like syndrome among elderies residing in old-people''s home in Hong Kong. METHODS: In ten old people''s home or community centres in New Territories, Hong Kong, 740 eligible subjects agreed to join the study and were randomized to receive a herbal formula or a placebo on alternate days over 8 weeks. RESULTS: Seventy-two participants developed influenza-like-symptoms but none of them was proven influenza in their nasopharyngeal swabs, 40 of these patients belonged to the herbal group and 32 to the placebo group, without significant differences between groups. The primary objective of the study was to investigate the efficacy of the herbal preparation previously used for the prevention of SARS against endemic influenza among a group of at risk elderly people. In each old-age home or elderly centre the participants were randomized separately within the vaccinated group or non-vaccinated group to receive either herbal preparation or placebo. doi = 10.1007/s11655-012-1269-6 id = cord-257698-ed2tqn35 author = Wong, Raymond S.M. title = Index Patient and SARS Outbreak in Hong Kong date = 2004-02-17 keywords = Hong; SARS summary = doi = 10.3201/eid1002.030645 id = cord-000280-zyaj90nh author = Wong, Samuel YS title = Willingness to accept H1N1 pandemic influenza vaccine: A cross-sectional study of Hong Kong community nurses date = 2010-10-29 keywords = H1N1; Hong summary = CONCLUSIONS: Similar to previous findings conducted in hospital healthcare workers and nurses, we confirmed that the willingness of community nurses to accept influenza A (H1N1) vaccination is low. In a study conducted of Hong Kong healthcare workers in hospitals, it was found that only 25% of nurses were willing to accept influenza A (H1N1) vaccination, compared with 47% of doctors and 29% of allied professionals [13] . Consistent with findings from previous surveys conducted in hospital healthcare workers and nurses [13, 17] , we have shown that the majority of nurses from community nursing services in Hong Kong were not willing to be vaccinated against H1N1 influenza when the vaccine becomes available. Consistent with previous findings which were conducted in healthcare workers and nurses [13, 17] , we confirm that the acceptance rate of pandemic influenza vaccination is low amongst community nurses. doi = 10.1186/1471-2334-10-316 id = cord-293858-dk4snw9r author = Yang, Lin title = Comparison of influenza disease burden in older populations of Hong Kong and Brisbane: the impact of influenza and pneumococcal vaccination date = 2019-02-14 keywords = Hong; Kong; SARS summary = Annual excess rates of mortality or hospitalization associated with influenza in the older population were estimated for the pre-SARS (reference period), post-SARS and post-pandemic period, respectively. We constructed time series segmented regression models to estimate cause-specific mortality or hospitalization risks associated with influenza in the older population during the pre-SARS, post-SARS, and post-pandemic periods for Hong Kong and Brisbane. Compared to Hong Kong, during the study period Brisbane had higher mortality rates for all-cause (81.7 vs 66.5 per 100,000 population), cardiorespiratory diseases (CRD, 42.1 vs 33.8), stroke (9.5 vs 6.5) and ischemic heart diseases (IHD, 17.0 vs 7.5), but a lower rate for pneumonia and influenza (P&I, 2.8 vs 9.9), and a comparable rate for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD, 3.9 vs 4.2) (Additional file 1: Appendix 3). In this study, we estimated excess rates of mortality or hospitalizations attributable to influenza in different periods (pre-SARS, post-SARS, and post-pandemic) for two subtropical cities Hong Kong and Brisbane. doi = 10.1186/s12879-019-3735-7 id = cord-339070-jnmogy7s author = Yang, Lin title = Influenza associated mortality in the subtropics and tropics: Results from three Asian cities date = 2011-11-08 keywords = Hong; Kong; Singapore summary = In this study, we applied a standardized modeling strategy to the mortality and virology data from three Asian cities: subtropical Guangzhou and Hong Kong, and tropical Singapore, to estimate the disease burden of influenza in these cities. Mortality data for each city were obtained from Hong Kong Census and Statistics Department (coded according to the International Classification of Diseases Tenth Revision, ICD-10), Guangzhou Department of Health (coded in ICD-10) and Singapore Registry of Births and Deaths (coded in ICD-9), respectively. The present study adopted a standardized modeling approach to show that the overall influenza burden was comparable between the two subtropical cities Guangzhou and Hong Kong, but lower in the tropical Singapore. Annual excess all-cause mortality rates associated with influenza (per 100,000 population) between Guangzhou, Hong Kong and Singapore, all-ages group. doi = 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.09.071 id = cord-299464-rrxgr909 author = Yau, Yung title = Collectivism and activism in housing management in Hong Kong date = 2010-12-09 keywords = CIM; Hong; Kong; management summary = Building on the wide-ranging applications of the collective interest model (CIM) in explaining political participation and environmental activism, this paper expands its relevance to the arena of housing management. In brief, housing management activism is a function of beliefs about personal and group efficacy, the value of the collective good, and the selective benefits and costs of participation. The phenomenon of homeowner participation in housing management in Hong Kong provides an excellent laboratory for the study of such collective action behaviour. An empirical study is carried out in Hong Kong''s private multi-family residential buildings using the CIM, which was developed based on Olson''s (1965) logic of collective action. In investigating the dilemma of collective action among homeowners, this article uses the CIM to investigate the benefit-cost expectations associated with participation in the management of apartment buildings in Hong Kong. doi = 10.1016/j.habitatint.2010.11.006 id = cord-288219-bwsw9nlr author = Yeung, K.L. title = Knowledge of inter-facility transport among emergency nurses in Hong Kong: A questionnaire survey date = 2008-06-12 keywords = Hong; IFT; Kong summary = INTRODUCTION: Inter-facility transport (IFT) is a dynamic process and its quality largely depends on pre-transport preparation, emergency equipment support and recognition of possible en route adverse events. Measured outcomes were defined as (1) relationships between clinical experience and relevant training in IFT with questionnaire results, (2) staff knowledge of the equipment carried routinely in ambulances and (3) the en route adverse events encountered according to the participants'' past experience. IFT with questionnaire results, (2) staff knowledge of the equipment carried routinely in ambulances and (3) the en route adverse events encountered according to the participants'' past experience. The aim of this study is to evaluate knowledge levels of inter-facility transport among registered nurses of the AEDs in the eastern New Territories of Hong Kong, with special emphasis on equipment preparation and management of en route adverse events. doi = 10.1016/j.ienj.2008.05.001 id = cord-309268-sig0h723 author = Yeung, May PS title = Factors associated with uptake of influenza vaccine in people aged 50 to 64 years in Hong Kong: a case–control study date = 2015-07-07 keywords = Hong; Kong; vaccination summary = title: Factors associated with uptake of influenza vaccine in people aged 50 to 64 years in Hong Kong: a case–control study This study investigates the factors associated with the uptake of influenza vaccination among adults in Hong Kong aged 50–64 years. This study aimed to find out which factors were associated with the low uptake of influenza vaccination among people aged 50-64 years in Hong Kong. The hypothesis of this study was there were differences in associated factors (variables) between those Hong Kong residents aged 50-64 years who received the influenza vaccine in 2011/12 and 2012/13, and those who did not. The majority of the cases (80.8 %) and controls (93.9 %) were not aware that they were in a group recommended by the health authority to receive influenza vaccination. doi = 10.1186/s12889-015-1990-0 id = cord-263941-afxh7rks author = Yip, Paul title = A decomposition analysis to examine the change in the number of recipients in the comprehensive social security assistance (CSSA) system date = 2020-10-27 keywords = CSSA; Hong; Kong summary = The Comprehensive Social Security Assistance (CSSA) system in Hong Kong provides a safety net for those aged children and adults below 65 years old who cannot support themselves financially. For Hong Kong, after accounting for government recurrent cash benefits (including various kinds of social security schemes including CSSA), the size of the poor population was reduced from 1.4 million to just over 1 million (14.7% of the population)-a 28% reduction in the size of the poverty population. In this study, we adopt a decomposition analysis to assess the impact of population growth and age structure on the numbers of people moving in and out of the CSSA scheme for the period 2014-2018. The decomposition analysis allows us to examine the impact on the number of CSSA recipients of changes in arrival and removal, population size and age distribution. doi = 10.1007/s42379-020-00069-z id = cord-325722-ixozph19 author = Yip, Paul title = Optimal Strategies for Reducing Number of People in the Social Security System date = 2020-02-18 keywords = CSSA; Hong; Kong; age summary = The results indicate that by tailoring measures to specific subgroups, the overall number of CSSA recipients would be reduced, thereby improving the efficiency of Hong Kong''s social security system, which has accounted for more than 16.5% of Hong Kong government expenditure in 2018, amounting to more than HKD 92 billion. It is important to consider whether the "entering approach" is indeed more effective than the "leaving approach" in reducing the number of CSSA recipients in Hong Kong. From these results, it seems that preventing people aged 20-29 from entering the CSSA system has a larger impact; that is, the "entering" approach would be more effective in reducing the number of CSSA recipients in 2014. The propose model provides empirical evidence to identify the potential target groups of people that would lead to the largest reduction in the number of the CSSA recipients in the Hong Kong Social Security System. doi = 10.3390/ijerph17041305 id = cord-022158-32pe8ou0 author = Yuan, Chao title = Empirical Morphological Model to Evaluate Urban Wind Permeability in High-Density Cities date = 2018-01-16 keywords = Hong; Kong; urban; wind summary = doi = 10.1007/978-981-10-5451-8_2 id = cord-350031-2c9x55hx author = Zhao, Sheng Zhi title = Social Distancing Compliance under COVID-19 Pandemic and Mental Health Impacts: A Population-Based Study date = 2020-09-14 keywords = Hong; Kong; social summary = Compliance with social distancing and staying-at-home, stress (Perceived Stress Scale-4), anxiety (General Anxiety Disorders-2), and depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-2) were collected. The association of mental health symptoms including stress, anxiety and depression with the number of measures adopted, number of days stayed-at-home and perceived effectiveness and compliance were calculated by multivariable linear (for stress) and logistic (for anxiety and depression) regressions. Effect modifications by age (18-59, 65+ years) and education attainment (primary or below, secondary, and tertiary) on the associations between mental health symptoms, stay-at-home and compliance with social distancing were assessed using the interaction terms. Perceived effectiveness and compliance with social distancing measures were associated with lower stress levels and risks for anxiety and depressive symptoms (all p < 0.001). We have provided the first evidence on compliance with non-pharmaceutical community containment strategies including stay-at-home and social distancing and their associations with mental health symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. doi = 10.3390/ijerph17186692 id = cord-268789-9b4quuqx author = Zhou, Y. title = Seroprevalence of antibody to pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 among healthcare workers after the first wave in Hong Kong date = 2011-08-31 keywords = Hong; Kong summary = doi = 10.1016/j.jhin.2011.02.017 id = cord-289908-7itwc8tm author = Zhu, Shuying title = Age, source, and future risk of COVID-19 infections in two settings of Hong Kong and Singapore date = 2020-07-13 keywords = Hong summary = doi = 10.1186/s13104-020-05178-z id = cord-290352-0pc5eji4 author = de Jong, Menno D. title = Avian influenza A (H5N1) date = 2005-10-06 keywords = H5N1; Hong; Kong; influenza; virus summary = Since their reemergence in 2003, highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) viruses have reached endemic levels among poultry in several southeast Asian countries and have caused a still increasing number of more than 100 reported human infections with high mortality. However, occurrences of direct bird-to-human transmission of avian influenza viruses have increasingly been reported in recent years, culminating in the ongoing outbreak of influenza A (H5N1) among poultry in several Asian countries with associated human infections. The "Asian influenza" pandemic of 1957 was caused by an H2N2 virus that had acquired three genes (H2, N2, and PB1) from avian viruses infecting wild ducks, in a backbone of the circulating H1N1 human influenza strain. Furthermore, these infections were associated with severe hemorrhagic pneumonia and the induction of high levels of macrophage-derived cytokines and chemokines, strikingly reminiscent of clinical observations in humans during the Spanish flu pandemic, as well as of recent in vitro and in vivo observations of infections with highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses (Cheung et al., 2002; Oxford, 2000; Peiris et al., 2004; To et al., 2001) . doi = 10.1016/j.jcv.2005.09.002 id = cord-020756-d9f5fd7x author = de Jong, Menno Douwe title = Avian Influenza Viruses and Pandemic Influenza date = 2007 keywords = H5N1; Hong; Kong; avian; human; influenza; virus summary = doi = 10.1007/978-0-387-32830-0_9 id = cord-001521-l36f1gp7 author = nan title = Oral and Poster Manuscripts date = 2011-04-08 keywords = A(H1N1; CDC; China; ELISA; H1N1; H3N2; H5N1; H9N2; HAI; Health; Hong; ILI; Influenza; Kong; LAIV; MDCK; PB1-F2; PCR; RNA; TCID; USA; cell; figure; infection; ns1; pandemic; table; virus summary = The IC 50 values determined in functional NI assays provide valuable information for detection of resistant viruses, but should not be used to draw direct correlations with drug concentrations needed to inhibit virus replication in the infected human host, as clinical data to support such inferences are inadequate. • Standardized reagents and protocols • Choice of detection technology • Simple instrumentation requirements • High sensitivity for use with low virus concentrations • Compatibility with batch-mode processing and largescale assay throughput • Broad specificity of influenza detection • Flexibility in assay format • Additional NA assay applications -cell-based viral assays, screening for new NIs, detection of NA from other organisms Functional neuraminidase inhibition assays enable detection of any resistance mutation and are extremely important in conjunction with sequence-based screening assays for global monitoring of virus isolates for NI resistance mutations, including known and new mutations. Such new assays need to include methods to measure local antibodies and virus-specific lymphocytes, especially in the case of live attenuated influenza vaccines, because of their potential to induce such broad-based immune responses. doi = 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2011.00209.x id = cord-023837-kenstpja author = nan title = China date = 2019 keywords = China; GDP; Hong; January; July; Kong; People; Republic; Taiwan; USA; chinese summary = doi = 10.1007/978-1-349-95321-9_204 id = cord-297326-n0fpu8s3 author = ÁLVAREZ, E. title = New coronavirus outbreak. Lessons learned from the severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemic date = 2015-01-16 keywords = Hong; Kong; SARS summary = doi = 10.1017/s095026881400377x